SELF INSTRUCTIONAL PACKETS.

STATISTICS AND PROBABILITY GRADE 11

WEEK 1

I. OBJECTIVES

A. Content Standards
The learner demonstrates understanding of key concepts of random variables and
probability distributions.

B. Performance Standards
The learner is able to apply an appropriate random variable for a given real-life
problem (such as in decision making and games of chances).

C. Learning Competencies
The learner
1. illustrates a random variable (discrete and continuous); (M11/12SP-IIIa-1)
2. distinguishes between a discrete and a continuous random variable;
(M11/12SP-IIIa-2)
3. finds the possible values of a random variable; and (M11/12SP-IIIa-3)
4. illustrates a probability distribution for a discrete random variable and its properties.
(M11/12SP-IIIa-4)
D. Objectives
At the end of the lesson, the learners should be able to:
1. illustrates a random variable (discrete and continuous);
2. distinguishes between a discrete and a continuous random variable;
3. finds the possible values of a random variable; and
4. illustrates a probability distribution for a discrete random variable and its properties.

II. CONTENT
RANDOM VARIABLES AND PROBABILITY DISTRIBUTIONS

Learning Resources
A. Reference
1. Belencia, Rene R., Baccay, Elisa S., and Mateo, Efren B. Statistics and
Probability. Manila: Rex Book Store, Inc. (RBSI). 2016. Pages 1- 20
2. Zorilla, Rolland S., Partible, Fe G., Bagano, Dominic C. Statistics and Probability
for Senior High School. JO-ES Publishing House, Inc. 2016. Pages 1-7
2. Melosantos, Luis Allan B., Antonio, Janice E., Robles, Susan S. and Bruce, Ryan
M. Math Connections in the Digital Age. Quezon City: Sibs Publishing House, Inc.
2016.

B. Other Learning Resources

https://link.quipper.com/en/organizations/547fe04fd11ff00002001baa/dashboard

III. PROCEDURES

A. Reviewing previous lesson or presenting the new lesson

Welcome to the WORLD OF STATISTICS and PROBABILITY!
How are you? How was your experience during the first semester? I hope that you are doing good
and learning a lot from your modules or SIPacks.
Let us start with a game GIVE ME FIVE!
Give me five words related to the word STATISTICS and PROBABILITY, write it inside the oval.

STATISTICS PROBABILITY

page 1
 Very good! Can you now connect those words to define the word statistics and
probability? It is important to learn statistical concepts and recall probability terms in your Junior
High mathematics.
What is Statistics?
Statistics is the science of conducting studies to collect, organizes, present, analyze, and
interpret data.
Data are the raw materials which the statistician works. Data can be found through
surveys, experiments, numerical records, and other modes of research.
Statistician is a person who simply collects information or one who prepares analysis or
interpretations.
CATEGORIES OF STATISTICS:

(1) Descriptive statistics is concerned with collecting, organizing, presenting, and analyzing
numerical data.
Example: The Number of Cases a Day Positive in Corona Virus, The Average Age of Corona
Virus Patient, The Percentage of Recovered from COVID -19, Average Salaries for Various
Occupations in 2019, Average Grade of STEM Student in Statistics and Probability

(2) Inferential statistics is concerned to analyze the organized data leading to prediction or
inferences.
Example: A New Way of teaching mathematics Improves Mathematical achievement for all
children in Primary 1,
What is Probability?

Probability is the body of knowledge that focuses on activities that involve predicting chances
and quantifying the randomness of events. It is primarily concerned with predicting chances,
especially the occurrence of an event.
An experiment is any probability activity that gives results which are known as outcomes.

What is the importance of Statistics and Probability?

• In Health: To formulate a new drug or other type of medication.

Statistics makes sure all substances have the correct measurements and to calculates how likely
people can be cured by a certain prescription. Like today, we are still waiting for the vaccine that
can cure the COVID-19 patients. A series of test and trial will be administered to make sure the
effectivity of the drug.
• In Safety: To make the necessary precautions when natural calamities strike
Natural calamities like earthquake, weather, and volcanic predictions are all calculated through a
series of statistical methods. Without records and formulas, we will be unable to predict when the
latest storm is coming.
• With Personal Life: To plan your life better through insurances
You are able to secure your future better financially through various algorithms that more or less
give you a better idea on how to plan your life better.
• Business: To test a quality product, to know the best-selling product,
Companies make many products daily and every company should make sure that they sold the
best quality items. Not all items can be tested so they used statistics and probability to test sample
and make conclusions and decisions.
• Medical Fields: To predict the cause of the disease, to know the effective medicine, to
predict the effect of smoking in human body
Doctors predict disease on based on statistics concepts. For example, what are the symptoms
experienced by a COVID patient? If a person experiencing the most common symptoms like fever,
dry cough, tiredness, sore throat, diarrhea, conjunctivitis, headache, a rash on skin, or
discoloration of fingers or toes, difficulty breathing or shortness of breath, chest pain or pressure

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loss of speech or movement, then the doctor will advise the person to undergo rapid screening
test or swab test.
• Education: To know the effective way of teaching
Statistics and probability can be applied in our daily living and in all fields like in economics,
Psychology, Government, and Demography etc. All of us made decisions by taking chances and
frequently we made judgement based on the likelihood or probability that a certain event will
happen. Every activity that we do we apply statistics and probability.

B. Establishing a purpose for the lesson

Reflect on this!
"If you so choose, each day can be filled with even more joy than the one before. If you so
choose, even the most seemingly random events can work in your favor." ~ Ralph Marston

Choosing the right decision in life is very important at the same time difficult, but you have
only one choice but to decide or else nothing will happen.

C. Presenting examples/instances of the new lesson

What are the random events happen this year of 2020? Yes, last January, the Taal
Volcano erupted. What else? Earthquakes, bushfires in Australia, and the dreaded corona virus
were some natural disasters happened this year. We experience random events in our lives but
despite of it, “life goes on, be strong and never lose hope”.
In this lesson, we will discuss another random in statistics and probability. Be ready and
let us start!

What’s New
LESSON 1: EXPLORING RANDOM VARIABLES
What is a sample space?
The set of all possible outcomes of an experiment is called sample space. Let us start by
answering the following challenge.

DIRECTIONS: Write all the possible sample space on the following

experiments on the blank provided before each number. (2 points
each)
_________________________________________1. Tossing a coin
_________________________________________2. Rolling a die
_________________________________________3. Drawing a card from a heart of cards.
_________________________________________4. Drawing a card from a spade of cards.
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________5. Rolling a pair of dice.

Score Description
Now, check your work by turning to the key to correction. How 10 Excellent
many correct answers did you get? Rate your result using the 7-9 Very good
table above. If your score is at least 5 out of 10, you may now 5-6 Good
proceed to next part of the discussion. 0-4 Practice on part J

EXPERIMENT 1: Tossing a Two Coins

Suppose two 10-peso coins were tossed. We want to find out the number of head that
will occur. Thus, to each outcome in the sample space we shall assign a value. Used variable X
to know the value of the number of head.

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 Table 1: Random Variable X (Number of Head)
Possible Outcome Value of Random Variable X
(Number of Head)

The value that assigned to the number of head that occur is the random variable. Thus, 0,1
and 2 is the possible values of random variable X of the number of head in tossing two coins.
What is random variable?
A random variable is a variable determined by chance or random event or experiment.
A random variable is denoted with any capital letter.
What is variable?
A variable is a characteristic or attribute of a sample or population that changes for
different individuals or things.
TYPES OF VARIABLE
(1) Qualitative variables represent differences in quantity, character, or kind but not in
amount.
Example: gender, color, size (Small, medium, large), skin complexion, status, Academic
Strands in Senior High
(2) Quantitative variables are numerical in nature and can be ordered or ranked. These
are further classified as either discrete or continuous.
A discrete variable is a variable whose values can be counted using integral
values
Example: number of enrolled students, number of buildings in a school, number
of students per section
A continuous variable is a variable that can assume any numerical value over
an interval or intervals.
Example: body temperature, height of the building, land area of a province
Very simple! Right? Now, to check your understanding, answer the next activity.
Direction: Identify whether each is qualitative or quantitative
variable. If the answer is quantitative, identify if it is discrete or
continuous variable. Write the answer on the blank provided.

________________________1. Strength of an earthquake recorded by seismograph

________________________2. Monthly expenses of the family
________________________3. Speed of bicycle per minute
________________________4. Number of confirmed cases with COVID-19
________________________5. Name of the Months in a year
________________________6. Enrolled Grade 11 Students
________________________7. Amount of rice consumed by a family
________________________8. Length of time spent in playing mobile games
________________________9. Final grade in Mathematics 10
________________________10. Height of grade 11 students

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Now, check your work by turning to the key to correction. How
Score Description
many correct answers did you get? Rate your result using the
10 Excellent
table above. If your score is at least 5 out of 10, you may now
proceed to next part of the discussion. 7-9 Very good
5-6 Good
EXPERIMENT 2: Defective Cell Phones 0-4 Practice on part J

Suppose three cell phones are tested at random. We want to find out the number of defective cell
phones that occur. Thus, to each outcome in the sample space we shall assign a value.
Table 2: Random Variable Y (Number of Defective Cell phone)
Possible Outcome Value of Random Variable Y
(Number of defective cellphones)

Can you tell me the values of the random variable Y? How many defective cellphone each
outcome? To interpret the table,we can say that, the values of the random variable Y that
represents the number of defective cellphones are 0, 1, 2, and 3.
EXPERIMENT 3:
Tossing Three Coins
Suppose three coins are tossed. Let Z be the random variable representing the number of tails
that occur. Find the values of the random variable Z.

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 Table 3: Random Variable Z (Number of Defective Tail)
Possible Outcomes Value of Random Variable Z
(Number of tails)

So, the possible values of the random variable Z are 0,1,2,3.

EXPERIMENT 4: Drawing Balls from a Box

Two balls are drawn in succession without replacement from box containing 5 red balls and 6
blue balls. Let A be the random variable representing the number of blue balls. Find the values of
the random variable A representing the number of blue balls.
Table 4: Random Variable A (Number of Blue Ball)
Possible Outcomes Value of Random Variable A
(Number of blue balls)

So, the possible values of the random variable A are 0,1, and 2.
What is It
To make you understand better the previous activities, another illustration is
shown below.

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QUESTION: How many outcomes are there in tossing 2 coins? 3 coins? 4 coins?
EVENT SAMPLE SPACE
2 coins are tossed (22 )=4 HH, HT, TH, TT
3 coins are tossed (23 ) = 8 HHH, HHT, THH, THT HTH, HTT, TTH, TTT
HHHH, HHTH, HHTT, HHHT, HTHH, HTHT, THTT, TTHH,
4 coins are tossed (24 ) = 16
HTTH, HTTT, THHH, THHT, TTTT, THTH, TTHT, TTTH

QUESTION: How many outcomes are there in rolling a die? pair of dice?
EVENT SAMPLE SPACE
A die rolled (61 )=6 1,2,3,4,5,6
1&1,1&2,1&3,1&4,1&5,1&6, 2&1,2&2,2&3,2&4,2&5,2&6,
Pair of dice rolled (62 ) = 36 3&1,3&2,3&3,3&4,3&5,3&6, 4&1,4&2,4&3,4&4,4&5,4&6,
5&1,5&2,5&3,5&4,5&5,5&6, 6&1,6&2,6&3,6&4,6&5,6&6

Can you now list all the possible outcome by using simple counting techniques you have
learned? Do the next activity.
What I Can Do

Direction: Complete the table below by listing all possible outcome

and the values of random variable, write the interpretation.

From a box containing 4 black balls and 2 green balls, 3 balls are drawn in succession. Each
ball is placed back in the box before the next draw is made. Let G be a random variable
representing the number of green balls that occur. Find the values of the random variable G.
Use B for black balls and G for green balls
Table 4: Random Variable A (Number of Green Ball)
Possible Outcomes Value of Random Variable G
(Number of __________)

Thus, the possible values of the random variable G representing number of

__________________ are _________________.

Now, check your work by turning to the key to correction. Score Description
How many correct answers did you get? Rate your result using 10 Excellent
the table above. If your score is at least 5 out of 10, you may 7-9 Very good
now proceed to next part of the discussion. 5-6 Good
0-4 Practice on part J
D. Discussing new concepts and practicing new skills #1

Can you still remember how to get the probability of a certain event?
The probability of an event is the number of favorable outcomes divided by the total
number of outcomes possible.
𝐧𝐮𝐦𝐛𝐞𝐫 𝐨𝐟 𝐟𝐚𝐯𝐨𝐫𝐚𝐛𝐥𝐞 𝐨𝐮𝐭𝐜𝐨𝐦𝐞𝐬
Probability (Event) =
𝐭𝐨𝐭𝐚𝐥 𝐧𝐮𝐦𝐛𝐞𝐫 𝐨𝐟 𝐨𝐮𝐭𝐜𝐨𝐦𝐞𝐬

page 7
Example 1. Consider the toss of single coin. The sample space consists of two, Head and Tail.
1
The probability of getting head denoted by P(H) = and the probability of getting tail denoted by
2
1
P(T)= .
2
Example 2. A die is rolled. Find the probability of the number that is less than 4.
Sample Space: 1,2,3,4,5,6 (there are 6 total number of outcome)
Favorable outcome: 1,2,3 (there are 3 numbers that is less than 4)
3 1
P(E) = or .
6 2
What is It
LESSON 2: CONSTRUCTING PROBABILITY DISTRIBUTION

Tossing a Two Coins

Suppose two coins are tossed, let X be the random variable representing the number of heads
that occur. Find the values of the random variable X.

Steps Solution
1. Determine the sample space. The sample space for this experiment is:
Let H represent head and T for S = {TT, TH, HH, HT}
tail.
2. Count the number of heads in
each outcome in the sample Possible Outcomes Value of the Random
space and assign this number variable X (Number of
to this outcome. Heads)
TT 0
TH 1
HH 2
HT 1
3. There are four possible values of the Value of the Random Probability P(X)
random variable X representing number variable X (Number of
of heads. These are 0,1 and 2. Assign heads)
probability values P(X) to each value of 0 1/4
the random variable. 1 2/4
• There are 4 possible outcomes, no 2 1/4
head occurs once. Thus, the
probability of getting no head is ¼.
• One head occurs twice. Thus, the
probability of getting one head is
2/4.
• Two head occurs once. Thus, the
probability of getting two heads is
¼.
Table 5: The Probability Distribution of Discrete Random Variable X
Number of Head (X) Probability P(X)
0 1/4
1 2/4
2 1/4

What is a discrete probability distribution or a probability mass function?

A discrete probability distribution or a probability mass function consists the values a
random variable can assume and the corresponding probabilities of the values.

Defective Cell Phones

Suppose three cell phones are tested at random. We want to find out the number of defective cell
phones that occur. Thus, to each outcome in the sample space we shall assign a value.

Steps Solution

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 1. Determine the sample space. The sample space for this experiment is:
Let D represent defective and N for S = {DDD, DDN, DNN, NNN, NND, NDD, NDN,
Non-defective cellphone. DND}
2. Count the number of defective cell
phones in each outcome in the sample Possible Outcomes Value of the Random
space and assign this number to this Variable Y
outcome. (Number of Defective
Cellphone)
DDD 3
DDN 2
DNN 1
NNN 0
NND 1
NDD 2
NDN 1
DND 2
3. There are eight possible values of Value of the Random Probability P(Y)
the random variable Y representing Variable Y
number of defective cell phones. These (Number of Defective
are 0,1,2 and 3. Assign probability Cell phones)
values P(Y) to each value of the 0 1/8
random variable. 1 3/8
• There are 8 possible outcomes, no 2 3/8
defective occurs once. Thus, the 3 1/8
probability of getting no defective is
1/8.
• One defective occurs thrice. Thus,
the probability of getting one
defective is 3/8.
• Two defectives occur thrice. Thus,
the probability of getting one
defective is 3/8.
• Three defectives occur once. Thus,
the probability of getting three
defectives is 1/8.

Table 7: The Probability Distribution of Discrete Random Variable Y

Number of Defective Cell Phones(Y) Probability P(Y)
0 1/8
1 3/8
2 3/8
3 1/8

We can present this table using histogram.

What is histogram?
A histogram is a graphical display of data using bars of different heights. In a histogram,
each bar groups numbers into ranges.
How to construct a histogram for a probability distribution?
• Plot the values of the random variable along the horizontal axis.
• Plot the probabilities along vertical axis.

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 Probability Distribution of Discrete Random Variable Y
(Number of Defective Cellphones)
3/8 3/8

P(y)

1/8 1/8

Tossing Three Coins

Suppose three coins are tossed. Let Z be the random variable representing the number of tails
that occur. Find the values of the random variable Z.

Steps Solution
1. Determine the sample space. The sample space for this experiment is:
Let H represent head and T for S = {TTT, TTH, THH, HHH, HHT, HTT, HTH, THT}
Tail.
2. Count the number of tails in each
outcome in the sample space and assign Possible Outcomes Value of the Random
this number to this outcome. Variable Z
(Number of Tails)
TTT 3
TTH 2
THH 1
HHH 0
HHT 1
HTT 2
HTH 1
THT 2
3. There are eight possible values of Value of the Random Probability P(Z)
the random variable Z representing Variable Z
number of tails. These are 0,1,2 and 3. (Number of Tails)
Assign probability values P(Z) to each 0 1/8
value of the random variable. 1 3/8
• There are 8 possible outcomes, no 2 3/8
tail occurs once. Thus, the 3 1/8
probability of getting no tail is 1/8.
• One tail occurs thrice. Thus, the
probability of getting one tail is 3/8.
• Two tails occur thrice. Thus, the
probability of getting two tails is 3/8.
• Three tails occur once. Thus, the
probability of getting three tails is
1/8.

Table 8: The Probability Distribution of Discrete Random Variable Z

Number of Tails (Z) Probability P(Z)
0 1/8
1 3/8
2 3/8
3 1/8

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 Is it understood? Now, answer the next activity.

What I Can Do

Drawing Balls from a Box

Two balls are drawn in succession without replacement from box
containing 5 red balls and 6 blue balls. Let A be the random variable
representing the number of blue balls. Find the values of the random variable A representing
the number of blue balls.
1. List all the sample space: ____________________________
2. Count the number of blue balls write the answer in the table.
Possible Outcomes Value of the Random Variable A
(Sample Space) (Number of Blue Balls)

3.Assign probabilities for each possible value.

Value of Random Probability P(A)

Variable A

4. Construct a table of probability distribution of discrete random variable A (Number of Blue

Balls).

Now, check your work by turning to the key to correction. Score Description
How many correct answers did you get? Rate your result using 10 Excellent
the table above. If your score is at least 5 out of 10, you may 7-9 Very good
now proceed to next part of the discussion. 5-6 Good
0-4 Practice on part J

E. Discussing new concepts and practicing new skills #2

From the previous activity, observe the values of each probability. It is express in fraction form.
Try to add all the probabilities and the answer is 1. The properties of the probability distribution is
shown below. If the given probability distribution does not satisfy one or both the properties, then
it is not a probability distribution.

Properties of Discrete Probability Distribution

1. The probability of each value of the random variable must be between

or equal to 0 and 1. In symbol 0 < P(X) < 1.
2. The sum of all the probabilities of all values of the random variable
must be equal to 1. In symbol, we write it as 𝚺P(X) = 1.

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Example 1. Determine if the distribution below is a discrete probability distribution.

X 1 5 7 8 9
PX) 1 1 1 1 1
3 3 3 3 3

The distribution must satisfy that each probability value P(X) must be from 0 to 1 and the
sum of all the values of the probabilities must be equal to 1.
By adding all the values of P(X)
1 1 1 1 1 𝟓
Σ P(X)= + + + + =
3 3 3 3 3 𝟑
1
The probability of each value of the random variable has the same value which is and this
3
value lies between 0 and 1 but the sum of its probabilities is not equal to 1. Hence, this is not a
probability distribution because ΣP(X) ≠ 1.
Example 2. Determine if the distribution below is a discrete probability distribution.

X 1 3 5 7
P(X) 0.35 0.25 0.28 0.12

By adding all the values of P(X),

Σ P(X)= 0.35 + 0.25 + 0.28 + 0.12 =1
The probability of each value of the random variable lies between 0 and 1 and the sum of
its probabilities is equal to 1 or ΣP(X) =1. Therefore, this is a probability distribution.
Example 3. Determine whether the given values can serve as the values of a probability
distribution.
a. P(1) = 0.05, P(2)=1.01, P(3)= 0.2
The probability of each value of the random variable does not lie between 0 and 1 because
P(2)=1.01. Therefore, this is not a probability distribution.
3 7 1
b. P(1) = , P(2)= , P(3)=
20 20 2
3 7 1 3 7 10 20
+ + = + + = =1
20 20 2 20 20 20 20
The probability of each value of the random variable lies between 0 and 1 and the sum of
its probabilities is equal to 1 or ΣP(X) =1. Therefore, this is a probability distribution.

Example 4. Determine whether the following can serve as the probability distribution of a random
variable X.
1
a. P(X)= for x= 1,2,3, …, 9
7
1
This means that the value of P(1) to P(9)=
7
Illustrating this in a table would give as:

X 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
P(X) 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7
1
The probability of each value of the random variable has the same value which is and
7
9
this value lies between 0 and 1 but the sum of its probabilities is which is not equal to
7
1. Hence, this is not a probability distribution because ΣP(X) ≠ 1.
12
b. P(X)= for x= 1,2,3,4
25𝑥
Evaluate P(X), given the value of x:
12 12 12 12 12 12
P(1)= = = = 0.48 P(3)= = = = 0.16
25𝑥 25(1) 25 25𝑥 25(3) 75
12 12 12 12 12 12
P(2)= = = = 0.24 P(4)= = = = 0.12
25𝑥 25(2) 50 25𝑥 25(4) 100

Illustrating this in a table would give as:

X 1 2 3 4
P(X) 0.48 0.24 0.16 0.12

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 The probability of each value of the random variable lies between 0 and 1 and the sum of its
probabilities is equal to 1 or ΣP(X) =1. Therefore, this is a probability distribution.
Is it clear? So, do the next activity for your practice.
Direction: Determine whether the distribution represents a
probability distribution or not. Explain your answer.

1. 1.
X 1 5 7 8
1 1 1 1
P(X)
4 8 4 8
2.
Y 0 2 3 4 6
1 1 1 1 1
P(Y)
6 6 6 3 6

2. 3.
Z 1 3 5 7
P(Z) 0.35 0.25 0.22 0.12

3. 4. P(1)=0.42, P(2)=0.31, P(3)=0.37

12 8 3
4. 5. P(1)= , P(2)= , P(3)= Score Description
35 35 7
Direction: Determine whether the following can serve as the 9 Excellent
probability distribution of a random variable X. 6-8 Very good
𝑥
5. 6-7. P(X)= for x= 1,2,3, …, 7 4-5 Good
7
𝑥−2 0-3 Practice on part J
6. 8-9. P(X)= for x= 1,2,3,4,5
3
7.
Now, check your work by turning to the key to correction. How many correct answers did
you get? Rate your result using the table above. If your score is at least 5 out of 9, you may now
proceed to next part of the discussion.

F. Developing Mastery

I. Classify the following random variables as discrete or continuous.

________________1. Choosing an even number less than 150.
________________2. Gathering information about the average monthly electric consumption
in a certain household.
________________3. Tallying the number of family in a certain barangay that have one child.
________________4. Getting the temperature of patient admitted in a hospital.
________________5. Collecting data about the weights of students in a certain school.

II. Make a table and answer the question. (Note: Use the table below as a guide.)
Four coins are toss. Let Y be the random variable representing the number of head that occur.
Find the values of the random variable Y.
Value of Random Variable Y
Possible Outcomes
(number of tails)

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 III. Illustrate the probability distribution.

Julia is a boutique shop owner in her town.

Day Number of Face Mask (X)
Due to COVID-19 pandemic, wearing a face
mask of a person is required for their safety. 1 25
Since there are limited stocks available, she 2 20
decided to start another business by making a 3 15
face mask. She started selling face masks from 4 14
day 1 to day 10. The data she collected is 5 15
shown in the table. Illustrate a probability 6 10
distribution of a random variable X showing the 7 12
number of face mask sold per day and its 8 10
corresponding probabilities. 9 15
(Note: Use the table below as a guide.) 10 14

X P(X)

G. Finding practical applications of concepts and skills in daily living

Here are ways how random probability get into our daily life:
1. Polling. Exit polls to predict outcome of elections.
2. Experiments. Using sample data from surveys/studies/experimental
results to generalize into population behaviors - social sciences, medical sciences, behavioral
economics, etc.
3. Quality/Reliability. Combining data from actual failure cases of machine parts and failure
models to design preventive maintenance - aviation, industrial quality and reliability, actuarial
sciences.
4. Finances. Using financial data to predict portfolio performance, projections of asset growth,
and profitability analysis.
5. Telecoms. Numerical methods to filter out noise in communication systems.

H. Making generalizations and abstractions about the lesson

To summarize our lesson, remember that …

Random variable is a function that takes on all the possible outcomes of an experiment
and assigns for each of them a corresponding real number.
Discrete random variables are countable or countably infinite. It assumes countable
number of values or integer values. Examples are number of male students in a classroom
and number of cellphones owned.
Continuous random variables are not countable or infinite. It assumes uncountable
number of values. Examples are body temperature, life span, and distance.

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 Probability distributions are used to represent the probabilities of random variables in a
population.
A random variable x denotes a set of values with different probabilities.
A random variable is discrete when the number of outcomes is finite or countable. Some
examples of discrete random variables are determining whether heads or tails, dead or
alive, positive, or negative, rolling a die, etc.
The probability mass function is a one-to-one mapping between the possible values of
the random variable x to their respective probabilities of occurrence. Let the probabilities of
occurrence be denoted by P(x). The value of P(x) ranges from zero to one.
Histogram is the graph of the probability mass function. The sum of the area covered by
the histogram is one.

I. Evaluating learning

This part is recorded and graded. COPY ALL the given using this format on a yellow
paper. Your output will be submitted on the day of the scheduled retrieval.

STATISTICS AND PROBABILITY 11

WEEK 1 – ASSESSMENT

Name: ____________________________ Date: ____________

Grade and Section: _________________ Parent’s Signature: ____________

WRITTEN WORK (20 points)

A. Classify the following random variables as discrete or continuous. Write D if it is discrete
variable and C if it is continuous variable.
_____1-2. The number of teachers in a public school.
_____3-4. The grade of a student in General Mathematics.
_____5-6. The weight of a small pack of cotton sold in supermarket.
_____7-8. The body temperature of a sick person.
_____9-10. The number of patients admitted in a hospital due to COVID-19.

B. Determine if the given distribution represents a probability distribution or not. Write P if it is a

probability distribution and N if it is not. Explain your answer.

X 0 1 2 3
_____________11-12. P(X) 1/6 1/3 1/2 2/3

X 3 4 5
_____________13-14.
P(X) 0.3 0.4 0.5
_____________15-16. P(1) = 0.23 P(2) = 0.51 P(3) = 0.26
_____________17-18. P(1) = 1/2 P(2) = 2/2 P(3) = 3/2
𝑥−3
_____________19-20. P(X) = ; X = 4 and 6
4

PERFORMANCE TASK (10 points)

An experiment consists of flipping a coin 4 times and observing the sequence of heads
and tails. The random variable X is the number of heads in the observed sequence. Write the
possible values of X and their corresponding probabilities in the table below.
X P(X)

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J. Additional activities for application or remediation

REMEDIAL ACTIVITY A: Write all the possible sample space on the following experiments on
the blank provided before each number. (2 points each)
1. Getting even number from 2 to 14.
2. Drawing a card less than 5 from a deck of spade cards
3. Drawing a card more than 9 from a deck of heart cards
4. Drawing a card less than 2 from a deck of cards
5. Drawing 8 diamond card from a deck of cards
You may proceed to the next part of the discussion if your score is at least 5 out of 10.
If not, you must go back to section C and try all over again.

REMEDIAL ACTIVITY B: Identify whether each is qualitative or quantitative variable. If the

answer is quantitative, identify if it is discrete or continuous variable. Write the answer on the
blank provided.
______________ 1. The temperature of a solution in the laboratory.
______________ 2. Collecting data about the heights of students in a public school.
______________ 3. Recording the distance travelled by the bus.
______________ 4. Surveying about the number of cases due to COVID - 19 pandemic in
Quezon Province.
______________ 5. Number of promoted students at the end of school year.
You may proceed to the next part of the discussion if your score is at least 3 out of 5. If
not, you must go back to section C and try all over again.

REMEDIAL ACTIVITY C: Complete the table below by listing all possible outcome and the values
of random variable, write the interpretation. (10 points)
Number of Girls
Let R be a random variable giving the number of girls in a randomly selected three-child family.
Assuming that boys and girls are equally likely to be selected. Use B for boy and G for girl.

Possible Outcome Random Variable R

You may proceed to the next part of the discussion if your score is at least 5 out of 10.
If not, you must go back to section D and try all over again.

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REMEDIAL ACTIVITY D: Construct a discrete probability distribution of Random Variable R
(number of girls) using the same given in letter C. (Note: Use the table below as a guide. 5 Points)
R P(R)

You may proceed to the next part of the discussion if your score is at least 3 out of 5.
If not, you must go back to section E and try all over again.

REMEDIAL ACTIVITY E: Determine whether the distribution represents a probability

distribution or not. Explain your answer.

1. P(X) = 0.1x, where x = 5,6,7,8

1
2. P(X) = , where x = 3,6,9
𝑥

3.

X 1 2 3 4
P(X) 1/12 1/6 5/12 1/3
4.

Y 1 3 5
P(Y) 1/3 1/4 5/12
5.

M 20 22 24 26 28
P(M) 0.15 0.18 0.20 0.22 0.25

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 APPENDIX A
KEY TO CORRECTION

Section A. Give me five words related to the word STATISTICS and PROBABILITY, write it
inside the oval. In any order
STATISTICS- data,table, number, collect, analyze,interpret, organize, survey, statistician
PROBABILITY- probable, chance, random event, sample space, number, decimal, one, possible,
forecast

Section C.
ACTIVITY A.
1. H,T
2. 1,2,3,4,5,6
3. ( A ,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,J,Q,K )
4. ( A ,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,J,Q,K )
5.1&1,1&2,1&3,1&4,1&5,1&6,2&1,2&2,2&3,2&4,2&5,2&6,3&1,3&2,3&3,3&4,3&5,3&6,4&1,4&2,4
&3,4&4,4&5,4&6,5&1,5&2,5&3,5&4,5&5,5&6,6&1,6&2,6&3,6&4,6&5,6&6

ACTIVITY B.

1. Quantitative, Continuous 6. Quantitative, Discrete

2. Quantitative Continuous 7. Quantitative, Continuous
3. Quantitative, Continuous 8. Quantitative, Continuous
4. Quantitative, Discrete 9. Quantitative, Discrete
5. Qualitative 10. Quantitative, Continuous

ACTIVITY C

Table 4: Random Variable A (Number of Green Ball)

Possible Outcomes Value of Random Variable G

(Number of Green Balls)
BBB 0
BBG 1
BGG 2
GGB 2
GBB 1
BGB 1
GBG 2
Thus, the possible values of the random variable G representing number of GREEN BALLS are
0,1, and 2.

ACTIVITY D
Drawing Balls from a Box
Two balls are drawn in succession without replacement from box containing 5 red balls and 6
blue balls. Let A be the random variable representing the number of blue balls. Find the values of
the random variable A representing the number of blue balls.
1. List all the sample space: RB, RR, BB, BR

2. Count the number of blue balls write the answer in the table.

Possible Outcomes Value of the Random Variable A

(Sample Space) (Number of Blue Balls)

RB 1
RR 0
BB 2
BR 1
3.Assign probabilities for each possible value.

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 Value of Random Probability P(A)
Variable A

0 ¼
1 2/4
2 1/4

4. Construct a table of probability distribution of discrete random variable A (Number of Blue

Balls).
Probability Distribution of Discrete Random Variable A
A P(A)
0 ¼
1 2/4
2 1/4

ACTIVITY E.
1.not probability distribution- does not satisfy property no. 2
2.probability distribution- it satisfies the both properties
3. not probability distribution- does not satisfy property no. 2
4. not probability distribution- does not satisfy property no. 2
5. probability distribution- it satisfies the both properties
6-7.not probability distribution- does not satisfy property no. 2
8-9. not probability distribution- does not satisfies both properties

ACTIVITY F
I. 1. DISCRETE
2. CONTINUOUS
3. DISCRETE
4. CONTINUOUS
5. CONTINUOUS
II. Make a table and answer the question. (Note: Use the table below as a guide.)
Four coins are toss. Let Y be the random variable representing the number of head that occur.
Find the values of the random variable Y.

Value of Random Variable Y

Possible Outcomes
(number of tails)
III. Illustrate the probability
HHHH 0 distribution.
HHHT 1
X P(X)
HHTT 2
HTTT 3 10 2/10
TTTT 4 12 1/10
TTTH 3 14 2/10
TTHH 2 15 3/10
THHH 1 20 1/10
THTH 2 25 1/10
HTHT 2
HTTH 2
THHT 2
HTHH 1
THTT 3
HHTH 1
TTHT 3

NEED MORE HELP?

You may reach your math teacher with his/her cellphone number or
sending a private message through his/her Facebook account.

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