Rev 2.

3 - Mar 2022
Introduction, and History
Back in early 2013, when FPV was still in its infancy, and mini-quads hadn’t been invented yet,
ImmersionRC introduced the EzUHF 433MHz remote control system.

In the early days, this system was used for some of the most iconic fixed-wing FPV flights, pushing
limits out past 10s of km.

Since then, FPV has evolved massively, and now, 7 years later (4 years after development started), it
is time to bring a new innovative R/C link to the market.

Ghost doesn’t run on 433MHz, nor does it run on 868/900MHz. Ghost uses an innovative new
chipset on the 2.4GHz band for some very good reasons.

Why 2.4GHz, Are We Nuts?

At first glance this seems to be a questionable design decision, after all, shouldn’t ‘UHF’ systems run
on 433MHz, or 868/915MHz?

In Europe, the 868MHz band, commonly used for controlling hobby-class drones, has a couple of
serious limitations. Firstly, the entire (legal) band is only 2MHz wide (vs. 76MHz for 2.4GHz). This is
just not enough bandwidth to run more than a small number of systems simultaneously, and is just
not suitable for racing.

Secondly, duty-cycle limitations which allow other potentially life-saving equipment (fire alarms,
home automation, medical systems) to co-exist on this band, make it a poor choice for low-latency,
high duty-cycle model control.

The chirp-spread-spectrum technology used by the Internet of Things (LoRa WAN, etc.) when run on
the 2.4GHz band has some serious advantages, including:
- Tiny antennas, 2.4GHz antennas are only 36% of the size of the equivalent on 868MHz
- Much wider band, 76MHz vs. 2MHz on 868MHz (or 26MHz on 915MHz)
- Much better sensitivity (= much longer range) than traditional 2.4GHz systems
- Much better selectivity (adjacent channel rejection) than traditional 2.4GHz systems
- Much smaller directional antennas for the really crazy long range missions
- More range than 99% of pilots need, and with a higher gain (but still small) Tx antenna,
comparable range with 868/915MHz systems.
- Enough bandwidth to run 250Hz+ modes using the advantages of LoRa modulation
- Lower power consumption than Sub-GHz systems for longer radio battery life

ImmersionRC Limited, Kwai Chung, NT, Hong Kong, www.immersionrc.com

Specifications
Ghost General
Frequency Range, Ghost 2G4 2406 - 2479MHz 3

Ghost Protocol
Modulation Chirp Spread Spectrum + Adaptive FHSS 3 (With LBT for EU versions)
Binding Bidirectional, with confirmation and protocol negotiation
RF Profiles Solid250, Race500, Race250, Pure Race, Race, ‘Normal’, and Long Range, more to come

Ghost Transmitter
Uplink Tx Power 16uW - 350mW (100mW EU LBT) (+/- 0.5dB) 3
Frame Rate 500Hz (Race500), 250Hz (PureRace), 250Hz (Race250, Solid250), 160Hz (race), 55Hz
(normal), 15Hz (long range)
Format Standard JR Module, tested with most common OpenTx compatible radios or
Standard ‘Lite’ Module, testing with most X-Lite™ and similar radios.
UberLite Module for Orqa FPV.Ctrl.
Antennas JR Module: Twin antenna, with Tx-side diversity. Antennas are 2.1dBi Dipoles
Lite Module: Single antenna via RP-SMA.
UberLite Module: Internal 2.4GHz Dipole
Serial Formats SBus, GHST 1 - Auto-Sense
Firmware USB Upgradable (with OTA updates for receivers)
Power Supply JR/Lite Modules: 6V-20V, 1.75W @ 350mW, ~250mA at 7.4V
UberLite Module: 5V

Ghost Atto/Atto Duo/Zepto

Receiver
Downlink Tx Power +13dBm
Sensitivity -117dBm in Long Range mode, less in Race modes
Serial Formats SBus, SBus-Fast (200k) , SRXL-2 (400k), GHST 1, SBus Inverted 2
Firmware Over-the-air (OTA) upgradable
Power Supply 5V recommended, 3.6-6.0V (no more than 6.0V!)
Current Consumption ~50mA@5V for Atto, Zepto (Race mode)
vTx Control Tramp control from ‘T’ pin on Rx, regardless of selected serial format
Atto/Atto Duo Dimensions 14.8mm x 11.5mm, 0.6g (w/o antenna)

Zepto Dimensions 10.0mm x 10.0mm, 0.38g (w/o antenna)

General Features
Tx-side Spectrum Analyzer Supported, full frequency range
Rx-side Noise Floor Analysis Auto on power-up, or on demand from the tx
2
Sbus is inverted by definition, SBus Inverted flips it over so that it doesn’t require inverters on F4 FCs
3
Some specifications vary depending upon the regionally-specific product SKU

ImmersionRC Limited, Kwai Chung, NT, Hong Kong, www.immersionrc.com

Getting Started
OpenTx Configuration
The Ghost transmitters, and high frame rate + low latency that they can supply, are optimized for a
new OpenTx protocol, GHST.

For transmitters which do not yet support this protocol, OpenTx release 2.3.12 is highly
recommended. This is a stable release that supports the GHST protocol, the Ghost ‘Lua’ menus, and
the synchronized packets that provide extremely low latency.

The Ghost transmitter auto-senses the R/C control protocol, no need to set anything.

For more details on the OpenTx build, along with the telemetry sensors that it supplies, refer to
section ‘OpenTx Custom Builds for GHST’ later in this document.

Make sure to disable the Internal RF when using the Ghost. Newer OpenTx builds will
enforce this, but will mean that if Internal RF is enabled, GHST doesn’t appear in the protocol list.

ImmersionRC Limited, Kwai Chung, NT, Hong Kong, www.immersionrc.com

Binding
Binding SUCKS, it really does. How many times have you had to tear apart a model to get access to
some buried bind button. How many times have you received a new ‘BNF’ model only to have to scour
the internet for an out of date manual that tells you which of the identical-looking three buttons on
the model are the bind button, and whether you need to press it while deftly plugging the battery
(three hands would be useful for this), or just after power up. How many times have you had to find
some ‘secret’ betaflight ‘CLI’ command to figure out how to bind an SPI receiver?
Then once you do find the button does the Tx need to be in E8, E16, E32, or JJAJ mode to bind
successfully?

Ghost attempts to be a little different.

New Receivers
New Receivers are shipped with bind mode enabled. For new receivers, just power them on, power up
the Tx, enter the Binding menu, and start the bind sequence.

The Rx LED will be blue when in bind mode.

The Tx will show the binding confirmation, if successful, with the ID of the receiver, and the firmware
version installed on it.

Note: To prevent surprises if the bind button is pressed during flight, the bind button is deactivated 30
seconds after the Rx is powered up. Simply cycle Rx power to re-enable if bind was intentional.

Deja Vu Binding
Deja Vu Binding records all receivers used by a Ghost transmitter and can bind to them in the future
without the need to touch the bind button on the receiver.

Receivers, after powered on, and before they have a valid connection to a Ghost transmitter,
periodically scan for transmitters attempting to bind.

This feature also enables the Ghost Updater to transfer firmware updates only for receivers that you
own.

ImmersionRC Limited, Kwai Chung, NT, Hong Kong, www.immersionrc.com

Receiver Pinouts
2G4 Atto
Smaller than most receivers in the hobby, the Atto is optimized for use in race/freestyle quadcopters.
it has the following pinout:

2G4 Zepto
By far the smallest receiver in the hobby. 10x10mm. Pinout is the same as the 2G4 Atto shown
above, meaning the Zepto and Atto may be used interchangeably on Proton Packs.

Note that the antenna connector on the Zepto is an MHF4, and not a standard U.FL.

ImmersionRC Limited, Kwai Chung, NT, Hong Kong, www.immersionrc.com

2G4 Hybrid v1
The 2G4 Hybrid board fuses together a Ghost 2.4GHz receiver (with similar specs to the Atto), and a
5.8GHz Tramp Nano video transmitter.
Trivial cabling, just hook up the serial line for control, Video in from the OSD/FC or Camera, and 5V
power. Note that the TEL and N/C connections are not required at present.

ImmersionRC Limited, Kwai Chung, NT, Hong Kong, www.immersionrc.com

2G4 Hybrid v2
The ‘v2’ version of the hybrid adds two variants of the board, the Uno version with one 2.4GHz
receiver, and the Duo version with two full 2.4GHz receivers, with twin antennas.

For racing where every packet counts, and for long range use where multiple antenna polarities are
useful, the Duo version is preferred.

ImmersionRC Limited, Kwai Chung, NT, Hong Kong, www.immersionrc.com

Note that the v2 version of the Hybrids has holes for 25.5x25.5 mounting on smaller quads. These
holes are on ‘tabs’ that can be removed if necessary. In most cases for 20x20 mounting the tabs may
be left, and they give a bit of extra protection in the occasional crash. If they are removed however,
avoid flexing the PCB excessively, it is better to use a sharp pair of cutters to trim off the excess
material.

ImmersionRC Limited, Kwai Chung, NT, Hong Kong, www.immersionrc.com

Receiver Protocols
Ghost receivers support a number of common protocols, selected during binding.
Each has its own merits, and performance characteristics.

Wherever possible, the GHST protocol should be used. It is available in development builds of most
flight controller firmware. For BetaFlight it will be released in the 4.3 major release.
GHST is an extremely fast (tight) protocol, with short packets, low latency, and 12-bit data for the
primary flight channels.

PWM should be used for fixed-wing flight, with 4 PWM outputs capable of driving servos, and motor
ESC. PWM3 is a version requested by Wing pilots, with 3 PWM channels, but full Tramp control.

SBus is offered (with it’s ‘Fast’ variant) as a compatibility mode, since it is supported by most flight
controllers, whether running Betaflight, iNav, PX4, etc.
Note: Watch out when using fast RF modes with the SBus protocol. SBus packets are relatively slow, and FC
firmware such as iNav can have a problem with SBus at 250Hz., and won’t work at all at 500Hz.

For flight controllers which cannot be updated to a version that supports GHST, SRXL-2 is the
preferred protocol. Betaflight 4.2 and later support SRXL-2, and it supports passing Link Quality (LQ)
to the OSD for a little more confidence while flying.

Protocol Frame Time Baud Rate Packet Channels Telemetry vTx Control
Duration
GHST Same as RF 420k 300us 12 Yes Full (Tramp)
PWM 20ms N/A N/A 4 None None
PWM3 20ms N/A N/A 3 None Full (Tramp)
SBus Same as RF 100k 3ms 12 None Full (Tramp)
SBus Fast Same as RF 200k 1.5ms 12 None Full (Tramp)
SRXL-2 Same as RF 400k 800us 12 LQ passed as Full (Tramp)
RSSI

ImmersionRC Limited, Kwai Chung, NT, Hong Kong, www.immersionrc.com

Receiver Wiring

GHST Wiring to Flight Controllers

GHST is a bidirectional protocol which requires connecting via a single wire to a UART TX pin, NOT a
RX pin.
GHST is now the preferred protocol for receiver to flight controller hookup.

Pin Value
Gnd Ground
5V Power Clean 5V Power, from FC pin
Serial Out Wire to TX pin on an unused UART. No inversion required (incompatible with most S.Bus inputs)
Tramp Tel Optionally wire to Tramp Telemetry pin, for Ghost control of Tramp vTx channel

SRXL-2 Wiring to Flight Controllers

SRXL-2 is a bidirectional protocol which requires connecting via a single wire to a UART TX pin, NOT a
RX pin. This is the preferred protocol for Ghost receiver hookup if native GHST protocol is not
supported on your flight controller.

Note that F4 flight controllers may require a ‘cli’ command to enable the high speed SRXL-2 mode:
set srxl2_baud_fast = ON

Pin Value
Gnd Ground
5V Power Clean 5V Power, from FC pin
Serial Out Wire to TX pin on an unused UART. No inversion required (incompatible with most S.Bus inputs)
Tramp Tel Optionally wire to Tramp Telemetry pin, for Ghost control of Tramp vTx channel

SBus Wiring to Flight Controllers

SBus, unlike SRXL-2, requires an inverted UART signal. Flight controllers that support S-Bus generally
have a dedicated S-Bus input, with any required inverters.
Ghost does allow SBus to be wired to a non-inverted UART input on the FC by selecting the ‘SBus Inv’
mode while binding. This causes Ghost Rx to emit a pre-inverted SBus signal.

Pin Value
Gnd Ground
5V Power Clean 5V Power, from FC pin
Serial Out Wire to SBUS pin on an unused UART. FC pin generally labelled SBus
Serial In Optionally wire to Tramp Telemetry pin, for Ghost control of Tramp vTx channel

NOTE: If your Flight Controller does not detect a valid serial connection from the Ghost Rx,
ensure that the Ports tab in the Betaflight Configurator only has one single port enabled for
Serial Rx. If more than one is selected, the serial Rx will not work.

ImmersionRC Limited, Kwai Chung, NT, Hong Kong, www.immersionrc.com

 NOTE: The standard SBus protocol is not recommended with fast RF Modes, such as those
which generate packets at 250Hz. Normal, Race, or Long Range modes are fully supported
however.
(This is due to an issue in the SBus driver for iNav for example, which expects a longer delay
between packets)

PWM Operation for micro-Fixed wing

The Atto receiver may be used for fixed-wing applications with up to 4 servos without any additional
hardware. In this mode, Tramp Control is disabled.

Pinout for PWM mode is as follows:

Specification Value
CH1 Serial Output ‘S’
CH2 Tramp Telemetry Pin ‘T’
CH3 ‘3’ Pad on bottom side of PCB
CH4 ‘4’ Pad on bottom side of PCB

Note: Production PCBs have ‘3’ and ‘4’ marked on the bottom of the board, pre-production doesn’t have the
markings, but pad location and function is the same.

Specification Value
Power 20mW downlink
Sensitivity (approx) Variable, -112dBm Normal Mode, -106dBm Race/PureRace
-117dBm Long Range, -105dBm Race250
PWM Channels 4
UARTs One, Serial_TX/Telemetry
Protocols SBus, SBus Fast (200k)
USB None
Firmware Upgrades Over the air (OTA)

ImmersionRC Limited, Kwai Chung, NT, Hong Kong, www.immersionrc.com

Coaxial Cable Routing
Something that needs to be noted when using any of the hybrid boards is the routing of the coaxial
cables which are connected to the antennas.

For the 5.8GHz Transmit antenna, routing the cable directly over the PCB is really not recommended,
and can cause power level increases that can affect other pilots flying on adjacent channels.

Avoid the ‘red zone’, try to route the transmitter cable around the outside of the board where possible.

ImmersionRC Limited, Kwai Chung, NT, Hong Kong, www.immersionrc.com

Link Quality (passed as RSSI)
If using the SRXL-2, or GHST protocols, link quality is automatically communicated to BetaFlight, and
does not need to be passed via an unused R/C channel.

If using other protocols, the link quality may be passed down an unused R/C channel, and betaflight
configured to that channel’s value as RSSI.

And enable the value in the OSD setup (if present):

ImmersionRC Limited, Kwai Chung, NT, Hong Kong, www.immersionrc.com

Direct Tramp Control
To control the frequency and power of a Tramp HV/Tramp Nano vTx, simply run a single wire from the
‘T’ pin of the Ghost to the ‘TEL’ pin of the Tramp.
Note that this replaces any connection between the Tramp and the Flight Controller, which is not
required with direct control.

To set the channel/power, joystick click left from the main Ghost screen.
Move up/down to change settings, then click Send.

Note that Receivers will remember the requested vTx parameters, and will reload them into the vTx
upon next powerup.

Note also that from v1.0.4.0 firmware and later, channels which are not permitted in the currently
selected region are marked as ‘! Not Auth !’, and cannot be selected.

ImmersionRC Limited, Kwai Chung, NT, Hong Kong, www.immersionrc.com

Updating Firmware
JR/’Lite’ Module
Connect your PC to the Ghost JR module using a micro-USB cable.

Press the Start Update button to start the procedure.

If for any reason the Ghost Tx display does not turn on, power up the module with the joystick
pressed to force boot load mode.

ImmersionRC Limited, Kwai Chung, NT, Hong Kong, www.immersionrc.com

Uberlite Module
To Update the UberLite module, press and hold the lit
Bind button while powering up the remote.

Once powered, release the button, and connect the

USB-C port to a Windows, or Mac computer.

Use the Ghost Updater (v1.7 or later) to update the

module.

NOTE: When not in update mode, the FPV.Ctrl presents itself as a game controller (HID) device to
the connected host. When in update mode, the FPV.Ctrl presents itself as a COM port (CDC).

Note that as with the other members of the ghost transmitter family, the Uberlite contains storage
for receiver firmware images for all supported Ghost receivers.

When binding using the button on the uberlite module, the module will automatically update
connected receivers without prompting.

When using the Ghost menu system via a bluetooth connection, as with previous transmitters, it is
possible to skip the update if required.

ImmersionRC Limited, Kwai Chung, NT, Hong Kong, www.immersionrc.com

Receivers
All Ghost receivers are updated using an over-the-air technology during binding.

If a Rx firmware update was necessary, once complete, don’t immediately power down the Rx,
leave it for 10-20 seconds to finalize the update. (LED will flash a few times to indicate update
progress)

ImmersionRC Limited, Kwai Chung, NT, Hong Kong, www.immersionrc.com

Antennas
JR Module Transmitter
The JR module is equipped with two antenna connectors, creating a diversity antenna configuration
even for tiny micro-sized quads equipped with a single antenna.

To comply with current FCC regulations the JR module uses RP-SMA (reverse-polarity SMA)
antennas, an unfortunate departure from ImmersionRC’s traditional SMA bias.

If only one antenna is available, the Antennas

menu may be used to configure which antenna (or
both) is used. < for the left antenna, > for the right
antenna, and <> for both.

Running the Ghost transmitter without antennas, or without an antenna on the port(s) selected
in the Antennas menu can cause permanent damage, and should be avoided.

An alternative antenna for the JR module side is TrueRC’s Singularity.

Currently this is only available in an SMA version, but a RP-SMA version is expected to be available
before Ghost customer shipments.

Note that for any antenna used on the Ghost transmitters equipped
with dual SMAs, it is advisable to orient them about 90 degrees from
each other, in a ‘V’.

ImmersionRC Limited, Kwai Chung, NT, Hong Kong, www.immersionrc.com

Atto Receiver

The IRC qT Antenna - Balanced Dipole

The Atto receiver ships with a small balanced dipole antenna, which does not have a ‘ground’ and ‘live’
end. Both antenna elements are ‘balanced’. This means that the common practice of finding the
‘ground’ end of the antenna, and placing it near Carbon Fiber is not recommended.

Mount the antenna with the elements as far as

possible from carbon fiber, or other materials,
and somewhere with a good view of the
ground-based Tx for most model orientations.

When integrating the antenna into a model,

keep in mind that if the antenna gets ripped off
of the quad/plane during crash, you don’t
really want to rip the U.FL connector off of the
Ghost Rx.

Try to restrain the antenna cable possibly in

part of a 3d printed part so that if the antenna
does get destroyed in a crash, only the antenna
needs replacing.

The Tiny Zepto receivers use a similar antenna, but with slightly shorter cable, and a smaller
‘MHF4/IPEX4’ connector instead of the traditional U.FL.

Self Adhesive Flexible Antennas

An antenna that was popular with testers during the development of Ghost is the TaoGlas FXP73. A
tiny, lightweight self-adhesive antenna that integrates nicely into 3d printed ‘flip sticks’, or fins on
mini quads. Also superb for fixed-wing models, where it can be simply stuck onto the wings made of
foam or balsa.
These antennas are available from most online electronics stores, including Mouser, and Digikey, for
just a few dollars.

Part number is: FXP73.07.0100A

ImmersionRC Limited, Kwai Chung, NT, Hong Kong, www.immersionrc.com

Antenna Placement
The Ghost receiver is incredibly sensitive, and works best when distanced from the typically high
power video transmitter antenna of long range drones.

Try to space the two antennas as much as possible if maximum range is required, as should be
common practice for any FPV control system.

U.FL Connector Care

The Ghost Atto receivers use U.FL connectors. These tiny high-frequency connectors require a bit of
care when removing and inserting.

When removing, try to pull vertically, with a finger-nail each side. Pulling to the side can damage the
antenna-side of the connector.

When inserting, make sure that the connector is lined up correctly before putting any pressure on the
connector. If it is lined up, it will easily click into place.

The supplied heat-shrink should be applied after connecting the antenna, and will keep the U.FL in
place, preventing any surprises in-flight.

Note that ghost antennas sold since late 2020 are equipped with a ‘locking U.FL’ connector to prevent
accidental disconnection during flight/crashes.
To connect this connector to the Ghost receiver, carefully slide the metal locking part away from the
cable, mate the connector with the PCB-mounted female connector, and carefully slide the locking
part towards the cable.

ImmersionRC Limited, Kwai Chung, NT, Hong Kong, www.immersionrc.com

Transmitter User Interface

JR Module
The main OLED user interface is navigated using the left/right joystick functions. The following
‘pages’ are available.

Note: Latency numbers in these images are from a PC-based simulator, and don’t reflect actual performance.

Link Page
The link page is shown by default by the
transmitter, and contains all data relating to the
‘health’ of the control link.

The nois value is the detected baseline noise

level measured at the rx end at power up. Not so
interesting on 2.4GHz, but useful on sub-GHz
versions.

When in team race mode, the noise

measurement is replaced by the currently
selected receiver (Rx1, Rx2, etc.)

ImmersionRC Limited, Kwai Chung, NT, Hong Kong, www.immersionrc.com

Status Page
The status page shows the current JR Module
bay voltage, along with a low voltage warning.

Note that the Rx version only shows when using

a bidirectional protocol (currently all protocols
but PureRace)

Pack (Battery Pack) Status Page

Valid when using GHST protocol to
communicate with Betaflight. Shows the
betaflight-reported battery pack voltage,
current, and mAh consumed.
Only valid in bidirectional modes, such as Normal,
Race, and Long Range. Not valid in PureRace mode.

Channels Page
The channels page shows the positions of each
of the R/C channels. Up/Down to scroll through
all 12/16 channels..

Latency Page
The latency page shows an estimation of the
current system latency, using both fixed
elements, and measured values.

First page shows a summary, scroll up to see

more detail.

The ‘Locked’ value shows whether OpenTx sync

is active.

ImmersionRC Limited, Kwai Chung, NT, Hong Kong, www.immersionrc.com

 Latency Page (More Detail)
Frame : Current frame rate
RC dur: Duration of packet OpenTx to Ghost
RC lat: Latency of packet OpenTx to Ghost RF
RF dur: Duration of RF packet
RX dur: Duration of Ghost to FC packet
Total: Sum total of the above values

vTx Page
A Tramp (Nano, or HV), connected to the ‘T’ pin
of a Ghost Rx is controlled using the vTx page.

Scroll up/down to select the value to change,

scroll down to ‘Send’, and send the setting to the
model.

Pressing the center joystick button enters the setup menu:

Root Menu, First Page

Use the Failsafe menu to set failsafe servo

positions for PWM Rx output mode only.

ImmersionRC Limited, Kwai Chung, NT, Hong Kong, www.immersionrc.com

Root Menu, Second Page

Bind Menu
Receivers are bound from the Bind menu Two
options are available, a simple ‘Bind’, which
preserves all Rx-specific setup (Rx Protocol,
etc.), and a ‘Bind + Setup’, which allows all Rx
parameters to be specified (including Rx ID for
team racing).

To start a bind operation, power up the Rx, press

the button briefly, wait for the blue LED, and
select ‘Start Bind’ on the Tx menu

ImmersionRC Limited, Kwai Chung, NT, Hong Kong, www.immersionrc.com

Mode Menu
The RF mode, and transmitter protocol is
selected in this menu.

For the RF Mode, ‘Normal’ is a good

compromise between long range, and race.
‘Race’ is great for the race track with 160Hz
frame updates, and bidirectional link.
‘Pure Race’ is for the bonkers racer, who wants
to live on the edge, with 250Hz frame updates.

In the vast majority of cases the Tx Mode

(Protocol) can be left in ‘Auto’ mode.
In fringe cases, the protocol can be forced by
selecting Tx Mode Manual, and manually
selecting the protocol.

See Appendix B for details on regional settings.

The Video Tx menu is an alternative way to

configure the Tramp Video Tx from the menu,
instead of from the main OLED-menu screens.
This duplication allows the menu to be accessed
from the OpenTx menu system, on the front of
the radio, instead of on the Ghost module.

Simply configure the desired Video Tx settings,

and select ‘Send’

Spectrum Menu
The Spectrum Analyzer may be used to analyze
noise floor on the 2.4GHz band.
Set the start/stop frequencies, and press Start.

Note that the vertical scaling is -40dBm at the top

of the display, and -127dBm at the bottom. No
auto scaling.

ImmersionRC Limited, Kwai Chung, NT, Hong Kong, www.immersionrc.com

Antennas Menu
In most cases, leave these settings at their
default setting. Ghost will decide which antenna
to use for both Tx and Rx.

For ‘special cases’, such as using directional

antennas for extreme range, manually set the
desired antenna.

Tx Power Menu
Auto power mode will decide which power level
to use for the uplink transmission based on the
signal strength received at the receiver.

Note that in PureRace, a unidirectional mode, Tx

power in Auto mode defaults to 100mW (or the
max. allowed by the selected region)

Team Race Menu

Described later in this manual, the Team Race
menu may be used to configure switches on the
R/C transmitter to switch seamlessly between
multiple quads, used in a race, or team race
environment.

To disable the team race functionality, set ‘None’

in ‘Mod Chn’, and ‘Grp Chn’ menu options.

Failsafe Menu
Used only when a Rx is set in PWM mode. Set
the servo positions to be used in the event of a
failsafe.

Note that for serial protocols (SBus, GHST,

SRXL-2) failsafe is indicated by missing packets,
as preferred by FC firmware authors.

ImmersionRC Limited, Kwai Chung, NT, Hong Kong, www.immersionrc.com

‘Lite’ Module
The tiny ‘Lite’ module shares a very similar UI to the JR module, but with a screen which is half the
size. The descriptions above for the menus all apply to the Lite module.

ImmersionRC Limited, Kwai Chung, NT, Hong Kong, www.immersionrc.com

OpenTx Ghost Tools Menu
An alternative user-interface is available to Ghost users using OpenTx build 2.3.12.

This mirrors the Ghost menu system on the radio’s LCD, and avoids the need to keep turning the radio
around.

Refer to the manual for the specific radio that you use to learn how to enter this tools menu.
(TX16s requires holding the Sys button for example).

ImmersionRC Limited, Kwai Chung, NT, Hong Kong, www.immersionrc.com

OpenTx Custom Builds for GHST
Full support for Ghost has been added to OpenTx thanks to the efforts of the OpenTx team.

GHST protocol support without Sync capability is available in OpenTx release 2.3.11, with full support
in the public 2.3.12 release..

For up to date information on firmware, and open source tool support (OpenTx, Betaflight, etc.) please
refer to the following page:
https://www.immersionrc.com/ghostlatestrelease/

With the GHST protocol, several telemetry sensors are available:

Sensor Purpose
VFrq Video tx frequency, in MHz
VPwr Video tx power, in mW
VBan Video tx band name
RSSI Ghost receiver RSSI in dB
RQly Ghost receiver link quality
RSNR Ghost receiver signal to noise ratio
TPWR Ghost transmitter transmit power, in mW
FRat Ghost link frame rate, in Hz
TLat Total estimated latency, in microseconds
RFMD RF Mode name
RxBT Pack Voltage *
Curr Instantaneous Current Consumption *
Capa mAh Consumed *
RxID Team Race Receiver ID 2

GPS GPS Coordinates 3

Alt Altitude 3
Hdg Heading 3
GSpd Ground Speed 3
Sats Satellite Count 3

*
Introduced with Betaflight 4.3
2
Introduced with Ghost v1.0.2.0
3
Introduced with Ghost v1.0.4.0

ImmersionRC Limited, Kwai Chung, NT, Hong Kong, www.immersionrc.com

Receiver RGB LED Interpretation
All Ghost receivers are equipped with a tiny RGB LED which shows the receivers status at all times.

LED Sequence Meaning

Packet Reception

Binding

Scanning for transmitter

Updating Firmware
...
Team Race mode, receiver active, but not currently selected.

Hint: Some say that if receiving packets, and staring at the RGB LED, while shaking your head, you can see
‘ghost trails’...

Range Estimations
To estimate the range of the Ghost 2G4 link the following assumptions will be made:

Tx Antenna: 2.15dBi gain

Rx Antenna: 2.15dBi gain
Connector Loss: 0.5dB
Tx Power: 26dBm
Link Margin: 12dB (a relatively ‘safe’ number, see below)

With these values we can estimate range in each of the 3 primary modes as follows:

Mode Rx Sensitivity Range

Pure Race -106dBm 11.5km
Race -106dBm 11.5km
Normal -112dBm 23.0km
Long Range -117dBm 40.0km

Note: Tool used to estimate FSL (Free Space Loss) is an online IRC tool located here:
https://www.immersionrc.com/rf-range-demystified/

Note that these numbers don’t take into consideration factors such as antenna cross-polarization,
interference on the Rx end of the link, atmospheric effects, etc.

ImmersionRC Limited, Kwai Chung, NT, Hong Kong, www.immersionrc.com

Due to the relatively short wavelength of 2.4GHz signals, and the small antenna size, if better range
(or better link margin) is required, directional patches may be used on the transmitter.
An 8dBi patch can easily double range when compared with a ~2dBi dipole.

Link Margin Definition:

In a wireless communication system, the link margin, measured in dB, is the difference between the
receiver's sensitivity (i.e., the received power at which the receiver will stop working) and the actual received
power. A 15 dB link margin means that the system could tolerate an additional 15 dB of attenuation
between the transmitter and the receiver, and it would still just barely work.

Source: fpvlab.com

ImmersionRC Limited, Kwai Chung, NT, Hong Kong, www.immersionrc.com

Range Test Mode
The JR module has a power option of 16uW (0.000016W, or -18dBm). This mode is ideal for range
testing.

Place the transmitter on (ideally) a non-conducting object, in the RF mode that you wish to test, with
Transmitter power set to 16uW.

Power up the receiver, with antenna attached, and walk away from the Tx until the LED starts blinking
erratically, and eventually stops blinking.

Measure that distance, and multiply it by approx. 148x to get the range on full Tx power 350mW.

I.e. Range on 16uW = 100m, full range is 100 * 148 = 14.8km

Note: the 148x number comes from the difference in power between 16uW, and 350mW, in dB, of 43.44dB.
Each 6dB increase in power results in double range, so 43.55dB corresponds to a range increase of 148x.

After testing, remember to restore the Tx power back to the normal setting (typically 100mW)
before flying to avoid any unnecessary surprises.

ImmersionRC Limited, Kwai Chung, NT, Hong Kong, www.immersionrc.com

Latency and Frame Rate
Latency in an R/C control system consists of several parts.
1) Time from stick/switch movement to packet sent to RF module (R/C packet)
2) R/C packet length duration (SBus, GHST, etc.)
3) Time from packet received to RF packet sent over the air
4) RF packet length duration
5) Time from RF packet received over the air to Flight Controller/Servo packet
6) Servo/FC packet duration (SBus, SRXL-2, GHST, etc.)

In modern control systems most of these items occur synchronously, except the synchronization
between R/C control data reaching the RF module, and RF packets being sent over the air.

In 2019, thanks to some awesome work by the OpenTx team, the first two items may now be
synchronized with the RF packets sent over the air.
OpenTx v2.4, along with some private development builds, include this feature, and this is used by
ImmersionRC’s GHST protocol described here.

Frame 1 Frame 2
Sticks R/C RF RX Sticks R/C RF RX

Ghost was designed with latency minimization in mind, and has optimized each part of this process.

In PureRace mode, with a version of OpenTx that supports ‘mixer synchronization’, and the GHST
protocol installed in the radio, latencies of around 4.2ms from start of R/C packet to end of Rx packet
are achievable.

Note that for the first item in the latency list, this is the only variable part of the ‘latency stack’
remaining in modern systems. RF packets are sent at regular intervals, but the time from the
stick/switch movement to these regular packets is still variable, and varies between zero, and the
frame period.

Note for reviewers: Ghost always prioritizes the first 4 flight channels, critical for crisp, precise model control.
When testing latency, don’t use a switch assigned to anything but these first 4 channels.

ImmersionRC Limited, Kwai Chung, NT, Hong Kong, www.immersionrc.com

RF Modes

The Ghost family supports (currently) 6 different RF modes, each of which has its own tradeoff
between telemetry, frame rate, and range.

Mode Rx Sensitivity Frame Rate Telemetry

Solid250 -105dBm 250Hz No ‘Robust Mode’, which uses various diversity techniques
for the lowest-possible packet loss for the best of the
best.
Race500 -105dBm 500Hz No Unidirectional, no telemetry, Lowest latency for racing
with Coherent MSK modulation (Not LoRa)
Race250 -105dBm 250Hz Yes Bidirectional, with full telemetry. Awesome latency for
racing with Coherent MSK modulation (Not LoRa)
Pure Race -106dBm 250Hz No Unidirectional, no telemetry, top performance for racing
with robust LoRa protocol.
Race -106dBm 166Hz Yes Robust LoRa protocol, with telemetry feedback
Normal -112dBm 55Hz Yes Fixed wing, general quad use, bags of range
Long Range -117dBm 15Hz Yes For the extreme stuff, crazy range

For all of the faster modes (Race, PureRace, Race250, Race500, Solid250) use the GHST protocol
between the R/C transmitter and the Ghost transmitter, and also between the Ghost receiver
and the flight controller.

Solid250
A unique mode, not available on any other R/C link, fuses antenna diversity, frequency diversity, and
time diversity, to provide a packet-loss rate which is unmatched.
The preferred protocol for racers who don’t need telemetry, but not ideal for long range.

Race500
For those who want the absolute minimum control latency, Race500 provides it.

Race250
Faster than most pilots will ever need. Fastest link which includes full telemetry, for racers who need
it.

Pure Race
A robust LoRa protocol suitable for racing in noisy environments where telemetry feedback is not
required. To take advantage of this mode (or Race mode) ensure that the GHST protocol is used
between the R/C Transmitter (OpenTx) and the Ghost module.

ImmersionRC Limited, Kwai Chung, NT, Hong Kong, www.immersionrc.com

Race
Race should be selected by anyone involved in serious quad racing. It has ample range, faster update
rate than most other systems, and includes a telemetry downlink.

Normal
Normal is the default mode, and is a good compromise between performance and range. Certainly for
beginners, this is a suitable mode.
Safe control ranges of 20-30km are very possible in this mode.

Long Range
Not very appropriately named, since all of these 4 modes above will get you further than most pilots
will ever fly.
Long range mode prioritizes range over frame rate, but still achieves a frame rate that for most
extreme range flights is quite flyable.

Note that auto mode switching is NOT supported yet (and may never be). A couple of years of testing
has convinced us that reliably doing this, especially in a RF polluted race environment, doesn’t reach
the reliability level that we desire.

ImmersionRC Limited, Kwai Chung, NT, Hong Kong, www.immersionrc.com

I Am Totally Confused!

‘I am a racer who doesn’t care about telemetry’

Solid250 is a good choice, link will be solid, and more importantly completely consistent between
practice sessions, and the more serious events, without the performance drop ‘on the day’ that has
plagued racers in the past.

Another good solid choice is PureRace, which runs a little faster (300Hz vs. 250Hz), and will certainly
get you on the podium also.

Both of these modes will do fine on 25mW, or 100mW in noisy environments. No need to go crazy
power-wise, blasting out your fellow pilots with 1W of inefficient power isn’t nice :-)

‘I just want to fly around my local field, and chase neighborhood cats’
You can’t really go wrong with any of the modes. If you want telemetry, Race is fine, if you don’t care
about telemetry, PureRace will give a stick feel that you are probably not used to (even without being
a pro pilot)

‘I am a hardcore freestyler’
For freestyle, bando flying, Solid250, or PureRace, should work fine, and will out-fly 5.8GHz video in
pretty much all cases.

For those bandos that go on forever, and for 20 storey elevator-shaft dives, bump the power level to
350mW (assuming your local regulations allow it), and if you have any serious LQ drops, drop back to
Race mode, or even Normal.

‘I fly tiny stuff’

Rarely equipped with high power video transmitters, Whoops(™) and the like are most fun
when running a high speed mode. Solid250 will feel like flying on rails, as will PureRace.

‘I want to fly to the moon’

If long range is your thing, and you don’t care about high frame rates, or super low latency,
then Race, or Normal, should be just fine. Both of these return telemetry, and telemetry
(lower power than the uplink) should be fine until >15km out (~10 miles).

If running 350mW transmitter power, the uplink range is approx. 4x the downlink (telemetry)
range. So if you are getting 15km with good telemetry, you can keep going until close to
60km before getting into trouble

Solid250 is not a great choice for pushing the limits of long range flight, since it will bend
over backwards to avoid dropping packets for as long as possible (as desired by racers), but
when it does start to drop, it will drop off quite quickly.

ImmersionRC Limited, Kwai Chung, NT, Hong Kong, www.immersionrc.com

Race/Team Race
A unique feature of the Ghost ecosystem is integrated support for Race, and Team Race
environments.

The Team Race menu supports assigning up to two switches (or banks of buttons) to the selection of
the active receiver. These switches then support split-second switching between up to 16 quads.

To define the receiver ‘ID’ of a Ghost, configure it in the bind menu. Once defined, that receiver will
only emit serial data to the flight controller when selected. When not selected, the receiver’s LED will
illuminate Cyan.

Note that the team race support also controls the video transmitter, without the need for complex
configurations on the flight controller side.
When a receiver is de-selected, the video transmitter will automatically shut down. When a receiver is
selected, the video transmitter will be enabled (assuming any assigned vTx enable switch is also
selected).

All of this functionality is just as useful in the simple race scenario, where selecting quickly between a
primary, and backup quad is required.

ImmersionRC Limited, Kwai Chung, NT, Hong Kong, www.immersionrc.com

Transmitter Cloning (Clone Tx)
To explain what transmitter cloning is, consider the following common use case:
- You have a primary JR-module based transmitter installed in your full-sized radio.
- You also have a ‘lite’ module in a travel radio.
- You would like to interchange the two radios, without rebinding your quads.

To clone a transmitter (or rather a transmitter ID) you need to run the PC/MAC based Ghost Updater
app (v1.6 or later).

Cloning with a JR or ‘Lite’ module as a Slave

1) Connect the master transmitter and click i.d. Read Master

2) Disconnect the master transmitter.

3) Connect the slave transmitter (the one that will inherit the Master transmitter’s ID, and click i.d.
Write Slave.

Cloning with an FPV.Ctrl Uberlite module as a Slave (Firmware

v1.0.6.1 and later)
1) Connect the master transmitter and click i.d. Read Master

2) Disconnect the master transmitter.

3) Connect the Uberlite to a USB-C port

4) Connect to the FPV.Ctrl using the iOS/Android app.

5) Navigate to the Clone Tx ghost menu, and select Enable USB

6) Click i.d. Write Slave on the Ghost Updater dialog.

ImmersionRC Limited, Kwai Chung, NT, Hong Kong, www.immersionrc.com

Once the slave has been written, it will inherit the Master’s ID, and may be used interchangeably with
the Master radio, without the need to rebind receivers.

If this is no longer required (or two enable/disable the clone ID in the field, use the Clone Tx menu.

ImmersionRC Limited, Kwai Chung, NT, Hong Kong, www.immersionrc.com

Proton Packs
‘Proton Packs’ greatly simplify the installation of a 5.8GHz Video Transmitter, and Ghost Control Link
in most quads. Connection between the two products is automatic, and video frequency can be set
directly by the Ghost without the need to configure vTx Tables in Betaflight.

As a bonus, add a dab of heat sink compound under the vTx before soldering and the entire PCB
becomes an extra heat sink.

Silicone ‘gummies’ should always be used to reduce the damage caused by vibration and shock during
the more extreme ‘landings.

Proton Pack 2020 SS (Single Sided)

20mm hole centers, single sided, mounting for Ghost Atto, and Tramp Nano.
Just 33mm total length, shorter than most 20x20 ESCs.

Proton Pack 3636

30.5mm hole centers, single-sided, mounting for Ghost Atto, and Tramp Nano.
The 36x36 variant has a snap-off ‘shelf’ for the TNR tag, along with a hole in the PCB through which
the TNR pads may be soldered to the Tramp.

ImmersionRC Limited, Kwai Chung, NT, Hong Kong, www.immersionrc.com

Proton Pack Tiny Trainer™
The Tiny Trainer is a wonderful little quad from the Five33 team. The Tiny Trainer Proton pack is
designed to sit comfortably above the AIO FC, with plenty of space for the optional LED board above
it. This board uses 25.5mm hole centers, so fits above most AIO FCs designed for Whoops/Micros.

Check out the quad at https://flyfive33.com/

ImmersionRC Limited, Kwai Chung, NT, Hong Kong, www.immersionrc.com

Assembling Proton Packs
To assemble the proton packs, use the installed 0.1” headers to solder the Tramp Nano, and Ghost
Atto/Zepto to the boards.
Be careful to install on the side with the outline of the board, and not the back side of the board.

For a simple install, without worrying too much about stack height, simply use the header as-is,
leaving the black plastic part between the proton pack and the Tramp/Ghost.

For a cleaner, low profile install, which requires a bit more ‘fiddling:

1) Insert the headers from the bottom of the proton pack, until the black plastic shroud touches the
board. Turn the board over, and flow some solder into the holes that the pins poke through (doesn’t
need much).

2) Install the Tramp Nano/Ghost on the correct side of the board, until it is touching the Proton Pack.
For the Tramp, a small dab of thermal paste on the two black ICs that will touch the Proton Pack will
improve thermal performance (this is available from any computer store).

3) Solder the pins to the Tramp/Ghost, and trim them very carefully, ensuring that the cutters do not
knock any of the tiny components from the PCBs.

4) Turn the board over, and with cutters, very carefully remove the black plastic shroud, and trim the
pins flush with the PCB.

Wiring the proton packs is simple, 4 wires required:

+ 5V Supply voltage
G Ground
S Serial data (Rx serial input)
V Video signal

ImmersionRC Limited, Kwai Chung, NT, Hong Kong, www.immersionrc.com

Wiring Diagrams
Wiring diagrams for Ghost/Tramp on various common flight controllers are located on the IRC website
here: https://www.immersionrc.com/ghosttrampwiring

As an example, this shows the wiring for the Diatone Mamba F722, with a Ghost Atto/Zepto, and
Tramp nano, using SRXL-2 mode.

ImmersionRC Limited, Kwai Chung, NT, Hong Kong, www.immersionrc.com

Orqa FPV.Connect and Ghost Atto
The Ghost Atto, when soldered onto an Orqa FPV.Connect board, provides a tight integration between
the video tx frequency selected on the Ghost, and the selected goggle frequency.

To install the Ghost, the following instructions should be used:

1. Solder ghost RX on FPV.Connect, antenna connector facing up.

Be careful not to knock any of the tiny components off of the board, especially the ones close to the
soldering points.

2. Bridge the two solder jumper pads on bottom side of the FPV.Connect, as shown below:

3. Connect the FPV.Connect antenna and Ghost Rx antenna connector with small U.FL to U.FL
cable.
This cable is available from the Orqa FPV Store, here.
Alternatively any short u.fl to u.fl cable may be used

ImmersionRC Limited, Kwai Chung, NT, Hong Kong, www.immersionrc.com

4. Install the FPV.Connect into the goggles using the flat-flex cable

5. Ensure that the RapidFIRE has at least version 1.3.2 installed

6. Follow the standard Ghost binding procedure for the Atto that was just installed, with one
exception, select Goggles1 instead of Rx1 when binding.
The Rx protocol does not matter, and will be automatically set.
If the bind requests an update, update the Ghost Atto with the latest firmware.

7. Enter the goggle’s Receiver Settings (Rx) menu, and under Module selection, select
rapidFIRE

8. Enter the goggle’s Connectivity -> Ghost menu, Turn Power switch to On. Turn the VTX mode
to Automatic.

ImmersionRC Limited, Kwai Chung, NT, Hong Kong, www.immersionrc.com

Troubleshooting
General Debug

Downlink Link Quality is poor, even when sitting on the bench

Ensure that the internal 2.4GHz transmitter of your R/C radio is completely disabled.

OTA Firmware Upgrade is unreliable, rarely succeeds

As above, ensure that the internal 2.4GHz transmitter of your R/C radio is completely disabled.

A high power transmitter in such close proximity to the receiver can create issues for the upgrade
process.

No Stick Movements between R/C Radio, and Ghost Tx

Ensure that the internal 2.4GHz transmitter of your R/C radio is completely disabled.

A ‘feature’ of many new FrSky™ radios is that the interface to the external module has it’s voltage
levels halved (down to 2.0V peak to peak) when the internal module is enabled.

Newer OpenTx builds should prevent this from happening.

Tx Shows ‘Bind Button Not Pressed’ Even Though It Was

Make sure that there is not a second Ghost Rx nearby, also in bind mode. This problem typically
occurs when there are multiple receivers in bind mode.

Windows Updater Fails to Update Ghost

In very rare cases, a Windows PC may have multiple COM ports with the same name (e.g. COM3). Not
quite sure why this is possible, but it needs to be resolved before the updater can work correctly.
In one case the conflicting port was a Bluetooth->Serial port that needed disabling. .

Every Attempt at Binding Starts Update

When in the bind page, a right click of the joystick toggles ‘force update’ mode. Should not be needed
in normal use, but if accidentally turned on, then every bind attempt will try to update the receiver.

Long Range mode, Combined With SRXL-2 Protocol, Won’t Arm

Ensure that Ghost firmware v1.0.0.8 or later is installed when using the SRXL-2 Protocol. This version
of Ghost contains the necessary ‘idle packets’ to keep the Betaflight SRXL-2 protocol driver happy.

ImmersionRC Limited, Kwai Chung, NT, Hong Kong, www.immersionrc.com

Rx Flashes Error Code
If the Ghost Rx fails diagnostic testing, it will blink an error code, the most common of which are
documented below:

One Red, 4 Orange Flashes

This means that the Rx initialization failed, check the circled component on the Atto PCB. It is located
quite close to the solder pads, and is easy to accidentally remove with a soldering iron.
The part is a 0201 ‘600z’ ferrite bead, used for noise suppression, and in most cases may be simply
shorted out with a thin strand of wire.

One Red, 5 Orange Flashes

Failed to find the small flash memory device. Generally caused by a prop strike (where the device is
removed from the board), or excessive flexing in the case of the hybrid.

This type of failure will require a repair by one of our service centers ([email protected])

One Red, 6 Orange Flashes

Internal firmware error, failed to bind the receiver, may be caused by incompatible firmware versions.
Switch the Tx to Normal RF Mode and try to bind again.

ImmersionRC Limited, Kwai Chung, NT, Hong Kong, www.immersionrc.com

One Red, 7 Orange Flashes

Duo Receivers only - caused by one of the two receivers being defective.
This type of failure will require a repair by one of our service centers ([email protected])

Rx ‘Unbricking’
Over-The-Air (OTA) updating of tiny devices without handy serial ports always raises the question
about how to avoid ‘bricking’, which renders a device unusable.

In theory, all firmware releases will be fully forwards/backwards compatible, so that when you grab a
2-year old ghost-equipped Whoop™ from under the bed and want to go fly, everything should just
work…

Reality is that this isn’t always possible, and the chances of you remembering the firmware version
that was installed on this under-bed Whoop™ is about the same chances of you remembering your
mother’s birthday.

So we have built in a mechanism to learn the firmware version installed in any ghost receiver.

Simply hold down the bind button while applying power and make a note of what the LED is doing.

As an example:
V1.0.0.0 would flash

V2.3.1.1 would flash

Once the Rx firmware version is known, use the Ghost Updater to find a matching transmitter update,
flash the transmitter to that version, and then update to the latest and greatest.

ImmersionRC Limited, Kwai Chung, NT, Hong Kong, www.immersionrc.com

Support, Social Media, and Repairs
ImmersionRC does not do any direct sales, and instead sells through a worldwide network of
resellers. We do however provide a support network, with repair centers in the EU, and USA.

If you experience any problems with your product, please use the following resources.

ImmersionRC Community Hub

The IRC Hub is where fans of IRC hang out on social media. A friendly place where users are happy to
help out with any question that you might throw at them.
Please use the search feature, many topics have already been discussed.

Retailer Support
Your retailer is generally located close to you, speaks your language, no inter-country customs, and
can replace a failed product quicker than we can. Please contact them first if you have any issue that
looks like equipment failure.

ImmersionRC Support
Repair centers located in the West coast of the USA, and the UK (covering the EU). A quick email to
[email protected] starts the support/repair process.
Even though most responses happen within a few hours, please give this small team at least 48 hours to
respond to you.

System Integrators/Manufacturers
ImmersionRC is open to discuss with manufacturers who wish to integrate Ghost into other systems
(Hobby, or Industrial). An embedded Ghost receiver occupies approx. 10x10mm of PCB space.

For customers interested in Sub-GHz versions of Ghost (~200MHz -> 1GHz) for Industrial/Law
Enforcement (for appropriately licensed frequency bands) we also have solutions.

ImmersionRC Limited, Kwai Chung, NT, Hong Kong, www.immersionrc.com

Please contact us at: [email protected], or at our ImmersionRC Hub on facebook.

ImmersionRC Limited, Kwai Chung, NT, Hong Kong, www.immersionrc.com

Appendix A: Mechanical Drawings

Ghost 2G4 Atto

ImmersionRC Limited, Kwai Chung, NT, Hong Kong, www.immersionrc.com

Ghost JR Module

ImmersionRC Limited, Kwai Chung, NT, Hong Kong, www.immersionrc.com

Ghost 2G4 Hybrid

ImmersionRC Limited, Kwai Chung, NT, Hong Kong, www.immersionrc.com

Appendix B: Standards and Regions
Ghost strives to provide a legal R/C control link regardless of where in the world it is used.

This is accomplished by selling multiple transmitter models (SKUs) which enable only the modes
permitted within a geographic region.

Note that for race organizers with special licensing permissions (Drone Champions League, DCL for
example), and races in multiple geographic regions, special models are available which can comply
with their licensing agreements.

2.4GHz Power Limits and Standards

The following power limits are enforced by the Ghost ecosystem for the 2.4GHz control band.

Region ITU Legislative 2.4GHz Ghost LBT Standard

Region Body Power Limit Power
USA 2 FCC 1W (DSSS) 350mW No FCC Part 15.247
USA (Ham) 2 FCC/ARRL 10W PEP 350mW No No FCC Standard, ARRL Administration

EU (and CH) 1 ETSI 100mW/ 100mW Yes https://www.ofcomnet.ch/api/rir/1010/01

20dBm
AUS 3 ACMA 1W for DSSS 350mW No Australia follows FCC part 15.247, with slight
< 25mW per differences.
3kHz, and https://www.legislation.gov.au/Details/F2014C00930
6dB > 500kHz
KOR 3 TBD TBD 100mW TBD TBD

5.8GHz Power Limits and Standards

The following power limits are enforced by the Ghost ecosystem when controlling a Tramp HV/Tramp
Nano transmitter, or an integrated Tramp in the case of the Ghost Hybrids.
Attempting to set a channel that is not legal for the region selected results in a ! Not Auth ! message
instead of Send.

Region ITU Legislative 5.8GHz Tramp Standard

Region Body Power Limit Power
USA 2 FCC 50mV/m 1mW FCC Part 15.247
USA (Ham) 2 FCC/ARRL 1500W 600mW No FCC Standard, ARRL Administration

EU (and CH) 1 ETSI 25mW/ 25mW https://www.ofcomnet.ch/api/rir/1008/12

14dBm e.i.r.p
AUS 3 ACMA 25mW/ 25mW Australia follows FCC part 15.247, with slight
14dBm differences.
https://www.legislation.gov.au/Details/F2014C00930
KOR 3 TBD TBD 100mW

ImmersionRC Limited, Kwai Chung, NT, Hong Kong, www.immersionrc.com

Note on the use of the RP-SMA connector on Ghost Transmitters
In May, 2000, the FCC removed RP-SMA from the accepted list of ‘non standard’ connectors
permitted for intentional radiators with removable antennas.

In September 2000, this requirement was suspended indefinitely, permitting again the use of
RP-SMA connectors.
(https://docs.fcc.gov/public/attachments/DA-00-2225A1.pdf)

ImmersionRC Limited, Kwai Chung, NT, Hong Kong, www.immersionrc.com

Appendix C: Terms and Conditions
1.0 Ordering products
The ownership, use and operation of FPV radio equipment (such as UHF long range systems or video transmission
equipment) which are technically considered to be RF devices may require a license and some countries may forbid its use or
ownership entirely. In many countries you will need an amateur radio license in order to operate FPV radio equipment. It is
your responsibility to ensure that the use of products you purchase from ImmersionRC Limited Hong Kong meet the
requirements imposed by your government's rules and regulations for RF devices. Do not purchase products from
ImmersionRC Limited Hong Kong, or an authorized reseller, if you are unsure of your government's requirements or are not
able to comply with them. ImmersionRC Limited Hong Kong cannot be held responsible for your actions under any
circumstance, including but not limited to if you use products purchased from ImmersionRC Limited Hong Kong in violation
of your government's regulations.

2.0 Injury, Damages and Liability

You acknowledge that you fully understand the inherent danger involved when operating (scale) models such as quad rotors
and other models. Spinning propellers can cause severe injury, as can flying into people with a model. Under no condition
ImmersionRC Limited Hong Kong can be held responsible for injury or damage to people or property including but not limited
to products purchased from ImmersionRC Limited Hong Kong.

3.0 Warranty
ImmersionRC Limited Hong Kong provides a 2-year warranty to the products it sells or otherwise distributes, but this
warranty is limited to manufacturing defects and does not cover normal wear and tear nor abuse or use for purposes the
products have not been designed for. ImmersionRC Limited Hong Kong is not liable in case you cause injury to yourself
and/or others or if you damage or destroy property with any of the products you purchased and/or otherwise received from
ImmersionRC Limited Hongkong, no other warranties are expressed or implied.

3.1 Faulty Items

If an item you received from ImmersionRC Limited Hong Kong is deemed to have been faulty as determined in the sole
discretion of ImmersionRC Limited Hong Kong, ImmersionRC Limited Hong Kong may replace the faulty item only.
ImmersionRC Limited Hong Kong will not be liable for equipment that might have been lost and/or damaged as a result of
the faulty item. As an example, if a video transmitter you received from ImmersionRC Limited Hong Kong is faulty and stops
working during flight causing you to lose your model, ImmersionRC Limited Hong Kong may replace the faulty video
transmitter, but not any other equipment that might have been lost and/or damaged due to the faulty video transmitter.

3.2 Incorrectly Published Product Details

ImmersionRC Limited Hong Kong is not liable for any issues that may result from incorrectly published product details,
manuals or any other information on the ImmersionRC Limited Hong Kong website which includes, but is not limited to, the
downloads available from it.

4.0 Legal exempt status

If any of the aforementioned terms and conditions are held by a court or other tribunal of competent jurisdiction to be void
or unenforceable, such policy shall be limited or eliminated to the minimum extent necessary and replaced with a valid
provision that best embodies the intent of the policy, so that the policies shall remain in full force and effect.

ImmersionRC Limited, Hong Kong

ImmersionRC Limited, Kwai Chung, NT, Hong Kong, www.immersionrc.com