BS EN 1366-8:2004

National foreword
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This British Standard is the official English language version of

EN 1366-8:2004.
The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to Technical Committee
FSH/22, Fire resistance tests, which has the responsibility to:

— aid enquirers to understand the text;

— present to the responsible international/European committee any

enquiries on the interpretation, or proposals for change, and keep the
UK interests informed;
— monitor related international and European developments and
promulgate them in the UK.

A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained on

request to its secretary.
Cross-references
The British Standards which implement international or European
publications referred to in this document may be found in the BSI Catalogue
under the section entitled “International Standards Correspondence Index”, or
by using the “Search” facility of the BSI Electronic Catalogue or of British
Standards Online.
This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a
contract. Users are responsible for its correct application.
Compliance with a British Standard does not of itself confer immunity
from legal obligations.

This British Standard was Summary of pages

published under the authority
of the Standards Policy and This document comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, the EN title page,
Strategy Committee on pages 2 to 37 and a back cover.
4 August 2004
The BSI copyright notice displayed in this document indicates when the
document was last issued.

Amendments issued since publication

Amd. No. Date Comments

© BSI 4 August 2004

ISBN 0 580 44199 7

 EUROPEAN STANDARD EN 1366-8
NORME EUROPÉENNE
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EUROPÄISCHE NORM July 2004

ICS 13.220.50

English version

Fire resistance tests for service installations - Part 8: Smoke

extraction ducts

Essai de résistance au feu des installations de service - Feuerwiderstandsprüfungen für Installationen - Teil 8:
Partie 8: Conduits d'extraction de fumées Entrauchungsleitungen

This European Standard was approved by CEN on 1 April 2004.

CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European
Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national
standards may be obtained on application to the Central Secretariat or to any CEN member.

This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation
under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the Central Secretariat has the same status as the official
versions.

CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France,
Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Slovakia,
Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.

EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION

COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION
EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG

Management Centre: rue de Stassart, 36 B-1050 Brussels

© 2004 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. EN 1366-8:2004: E
worldwide for CEN national Members.
 EN 1366-8:2004 (E)
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Contents

Page
Foreword ......................................................................................................................................................4
Introduction..................................................................................................................................................5
1 Scope ...............................................................................................................................................6
2 Normative references .....................................................................................................................6
3 Terms and definitions ....................................................................................................................7
4 Test equipment ...............................................................................................................................7
4.1 General ............................................................................................................................................7
4.2 Furnace ............................................................................................................................................7
4.3 Perforated plate ..............................................................................................................................7
4.4 Inlet nozzles ....................................................................................................................................9
4.5 Ambient temperature leakage measuring device........................................................................9
4.6 Pressure sensors for differential pressure control.....................................................................9
4.7 Welded connecting tube ................................................................................................................9
4.8 Extraction fan connecting duct.....................................................................................................9
4.9 Extraction fan..................................................................................................................................9
4.10 Thermocouples ...............................................................................................................................9
4.11 Surface thermocouples..................................................................................................................9
4.12 Oxygen measuring equipment ....................................................................................................10
4.13 Restraining equipment.................................................................................................................10
4.14 Observation window.....................................................................................................................10
5 Test conditions .............................................................................................................................10
6 Test specimen...............................................................................................................................10
6.1 Size.................................................................................................................................................10
6.2 Number ..........................................................................................................................................11
6.3 Design ............................................................................................................................................11
7 Installation of test specimen .......................................................................................................11
7.1 General ..........................................................................................................................................11
7.2 Standard supporting construction .............................................................................................11
7.3 Duct arrangement .........................................................................................................................12
7.4 Restraint of ducts .........................................................................................................................12
7.5 Perforated plate ............................................................................................................................13
8 Conditioning..................................................................................................................................13
8.1 General ..........................................................................................................................................13
8.2 Hygroscopic sealing materials....................................................................................................13
9 Application of instrumentation ...................................................................................................13
9.1 Thermocouples .............................................................................................................................13
9.2 Pressure ........................................................................................................................................13
9.3 Oxygen measurements ................................................................................................................14
9.4 Observations on reduction of cross-section .............................................................................14
10 Test procedure..............................................................................................................................14
10.1 Pre-test calibration .......................................................................................................................14
10.2 Leakage measurement at ambient temperature........................................................................14
10.3 Fire test ..........................................................................................................................................15

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 EN 1366-8:2004 (E)

11 Performance criteria .................................................................................................................... 16

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11.1 General requirements .................................................................................................................. 16

11.2 Criteria at ambient temperature.................................................................................................. 16
11.3 Criteria under fire conditions...................................................................................................... 17
12 Test report .................................................................................................................................... 17
13 Direct field of application of test results ................................................................................... 18
13.1 General .......................................................................................................................................... 18
13.2 Vertical and horizontal ducts...................................................................................................... 18
13.3 Sizes of ducts ............................................................................................................................... 18
13.4 Pressure difference...................................................................................................................... 19
13.5 Number of sides of duct .............................................................................................................. 19
Figure 6 – Arrangement of gas-testing probes ...................................................................................... 25
Annex A (informative) Surface temperature and volume/mass flow measurements ....................... 33
Bibliography .............................................................................................................................................. 37

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 EN 1366-8:2004 (E)
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Foreword
This document (EN 1366-8:2004) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 127 'Fire safety in
buildings', the secretariat of which is held by BSI.

This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an
identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by January 2005, and conflicting national standards shall
be withdrawn at the latest by January 2005.

This document has been prepared under a mandate given to CEN by the European Commission and the
European Free Trade Association, and supports essential requirements of the Construction Products
Directive.

EN 1366 ‘Fire resistance tests for service installations’ consists of the following Parts:

Part 1: Ducts

Part 2: Fire dampers

Part 3: Penetration seals

Part 4: Linear joint seals (in course of preparation)

Part 5: Service ducts and shafts

Part 6: Raised access and hollow core floors (in course of preparation)

Part 7: Conveyor systems and their closures

Part 8: Smoke extraction ducts

Part 9: Single compartment smoke extraction ducts (in course of preparation)

Part 10: Smoke control dampers (in course of preparation)

Part 11: Fire protective systems for essential services (in course of preparation).

According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the
following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Czech
Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia,
Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain,
Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.

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 EN 1366-8:2004 (E)
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Introduction
This Part of this document has been prepared because a method of test for fire resisting smoke
extraction ducts has become necessary to evaluate the ability of fire resisting ducts already tested to
EN 1366-1 to function adequately as smoke extraction ducts.

Leakage is measured at both ambient and elevated temperatures. During the tests, air/gases are drawn
through the duct at a differential pressure between the inside and outside of the duct. Leakage is
determined at ambient temperature by sealing the openings in the duct located in the furnace and taking
flow measurements through a flow-measuring device located just before the extraction fan. With respect
to determining leakage at elevated temperatures, oxygen measuring techniques are used.

The method described in this test is complex and requires sophisticated instrumentation. It is not
recommended therefore to try to test multiple assemblies in this test.

CAUTION: The attention of all persons concerned with managing and carrying out this fire resistance test
is drawn to the fact that fire testing may be hazardous and that there is a possibility that toxic and/or
harmful smoke and gases may be evolved during the test. Mechanical and operational hazards may also
arise during the construction of the test elements or structures, their testing and disposal of test residues.

An assessment of all potential hazards and risks to health should be made and safety precautions shall
be identified and provided. Written safety instructions should be issued. Appropriate training should be
given to relevant personnel. Laboratory personnel should ensure that they follow written safety
instructions at all times.

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 EN 1366-8:2004 (E)
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1 Scope
This Part of this document specifies a test method for determining the fire resistance of smoke extraction
ducts. It is applicable only to smoke extraction ducts that pass through another fire compartment from the
fire compartment to be extracted in case of fire. It represents fire exposure of a fully developed fire.

This method of test is only applicable to fire resisting ducts that have passed the test for the appropriate
period to EN 1366-1 (ducts A and B). For duct A, it is a requirement for fire resisting smoke extraction
ducts that the document under pressure of 300 Pa, as given in EN 1366-1 is increased to 500 Pa when
testing to EN 1366-1. For the purposes of the test described in this document, the duct is referred to as
duct C.

This test has been designed to cover both vertical and horizontal smoke extraction ducts. However,
provided both horizontal and vertical tests have been carried out to EN 1366-1 on the specific system, a
vertical system need not be evaluated to this method provided it has been tested in a horizontal
orientation to this method. However, if the system in practice is only to be used for vertical applications in
smoke extraction systems, then it will need to be tested in a vertical orientation to this method.

This method of test is only suitable for ducts constructed from non-combustible materials (Euroclass A1
and A2).

It is applicable only to four sided ducts; one, two and three sided ducts are not covered.

2 Normative references
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated
references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced
document (including any amendments) applies.

EN 1363-1:1999, Fire resistance tests - Part 1: General requirements

EN 1366-1:1999, Fire resistance tests for service installations - Part 1: Ducts

prEN 1507, Ventilation for buildings - Sheet metal air ducts with rectangular section - Requirements for
strength and leakage

EN ISO 5167, Measurement of fluid flow by means of pressure differential devices inserted in circular
cross-section conduits running full (ISO 5167-1:2003).

EN ISO 13943:2000, Fire safety – Vocabulary (ISO 13943:2000).

ISO 5221, Air distribution and air diffusion – Rules to methods of measuring air flow rate in an air
handling duct.

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 EN 1366-8:2004 (E)

3 Terms and definitions

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For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in EN 1363-1:1999 and
EN ISO 13943:2000 and the following apply.

3.1
smoke extraction duct
duct used for the extraction of smoke in case of fire and designed to provide a degree of fire resistance

3.2
suspension devices
components used for suspending and fixing a duct from a floor or supporting a duct from a wall

3.3
supporting construction
wall, partition or floor through which the duct passes in the test

3.4
compensator
device that is used to prevent damage from the forces generated by expansion (see EN 1366-1 for
guidance)

4 Test equipment

4.1 General

In addition to the test equipment specified in EN 1363-1, the equipment in 4.2 to 4.14 is required. The
overall test arrangement is shown in Figures 1 and 2. Details of instrumentation and other details are
shown in Figures 3 to 13.

4.2 Furnace

The furnace shall be capable of subjecting fire resisting smoke extraction ducts to the standard heating
and pressure conditions specified in EN 1363-1 and be suitable for testing ducts in the horizontal (see
Figure 1) or vertical (see Figure 2) orientation.

4.3 Perforated plate

The perforated plate controls the flow through the duct so that the required differential pressure, see
Table 1, can be achieved. Depending on the end-use conditions, a pressure level from Table 1 shall be
selected; these levels correspond to typical values used in smoke extraction design.

The plate shall be positioned (250 ± 50) mm from where the duct passes through the furnace wall or roof,
see Figures 1 and 2.

The plates shall be made from heat resisting steel, 19 % min. Cr content and 11 % min. Ni content. The
number of holes and dimensions are given in Tables 2 and 3. The thickness of the plates shall be
2,5 mm.

NOTE 1 Table 2 gives details of perforated plates for standard rectangular ducts of size 1 000 mm x 250 mm. For
smaller sizes the number of holes will be reduced proportional to the smaller cross section.

NOTE 2 Table 3 gives details of perforated plates for standard circular ducts of diameter 560 mm. For smaller
sizes the number of holes will be reduced proportional to the cross section (a change to larger sizes is not permitted;
see 6.1.2 and Table 5).

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 EN 1366-8:2004 (E)

Further details of the plate are shown in Figures 3, 4 and 5.

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Table 1 — Differential pressures between inside and outside the duct for smoke extraction
ductwork

Operating differential pressure Differential pressure for fire

at ambient temperature test and pre-test calibration
Pressure level
Pa Pa

1 -500 -150
2 -1 000 -300
3 -1 500 -500

Table 2 — Details of perforated plates for testing rectangular ducts (see Figure 3)

Pressure level
Specification for perforations
1 2 3
Total number of holes 550 407 324
Number of holes – horizontally 50 37 36
Number of holes – vertically 11 11 9
Diameter of hole (mm) 10 10 10

Horizontal distance from rim e (mm) 15 15 20

Vertical distance from rim c (mm) 15 15 20
Mounting hole separation a (mm) 19,8 26,9 27,4
Mounting hole separation b (mm) 21,8 22 26,3

Table 3 — Details of perforated plate for testing circular ducts (see Figure 4)

Pressure level
Specification for perforations
1 2 3
Total number of holes 541 403 319
Diameter of hole (mm) 10 10 10

Distance from rim e (mm) 30 35 35

Mounting hole separation a (mm) 20,8 22,2 27,5
Mounting hole separation b (mm) 20,8 22,2 27,5

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 EN 1366-8:2004 (E)

4.4 Inlet nozzles

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Each nozzle shall have an internal dimension of 160 mm (suitable for the standard sizes of ducts
specified in 6.1), in accordance with EN ISO 5167 and ISO 5221, and shall be suitably mounted to the
end of the duct with its piezometric ring connected to appropriate differential pressure measuring
equipment. The measuring device shall be capable of measuring to an accuracy of + 5 %.

4.5 Ambient temperature leakage measuring device

The ambient temperature leakage measuring device shall be in accordance with EN ISO 5167 and
ISO 5221 or another suitable device, and suitably mounted at the end of the duct, connected to
appropriate differential pressure measuring equipment. The measuring device shall be capable of
measuring to an accuracy of + 5 %.

4.6 Pressure sensors for differential pressure control

A tube sensor as specified in EN 1363-1 shall be located at the end of the duct, inside the duct, at the
level of its centre line. A second sensor (e.g. an open end of a measuring tube) shall be located on the
same level outside the duct.

A flow control damper shall be provided for a fine control for maintaining the required differential
pressure. Alternatively, another suitable device such as variable speed fan may be used. Any flow control
damper shall be attached to the extraction fan connecting duct (see 4.8).

4.7 Welded connecting tube

A welded connecting tube, which is a tube designed to provide a suitable gas tight connection between
the inlet nozzles and the oxygen measuring probes, shall be provided.

4.8 Extraction fan connecting duct

An extraction fan connecting duct is a duct designed to connect between the test specimen and the
extraction fan. An inlet opening may be provided if a flow control damper is used for fine control of the
differential pressure (see 4.6).

4.9 Extraction fan

An extraction fan is a fan for extracting gas under test with a suction capacity of at least 2 x Vn where Vn
is the required capacity calculated by multiplying the air speed (2 m/s) by the height and width of the duct,
e.g. for the rectangular duct described in 6.1.2 with cross section of 1 m x 0,25 m:
3
Vn = 2 m/s x 1,0 m x 0,25 m = 0,5 m /s

The characteristic curves of the fan shall be horizontal for the actual air flow. The capacity of the fan shall
not change by more than 10 % in the event of a drop in the pressure of up to 50 Pa.

4.10 Thermocouples

1,5 mm sheathed thermocouples shall be provided for measuring the gas temperature adjacent to the
nozzles. An alternative thermocouple may be used, provided it can be shown to have equivalent
response time.

4.11 Surface thermocouples

Surface thermocouples for measuring surface temperature of the type specified in EN 1363-1 and at the
locations specified in EN 1366-1 shall be used.

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 EN 1366-8:2004 (E)

4.12 Oxygen measuring equipment

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Equipment for measuring the oxygen content of gases shall be provided. This system shall consist of
paramagnetic cell oxygen analysers together with appropriate equipment for cooling, filtering and drying
the gases. Appropriate connecting tubes and probes shall be provided. The 90 % response time of the
complete system shall be 20 s maximum. The accuracy shall be equal to or better than + 0,1 %.

4.13 Restraining equipment

Restraining equipment shall be applied as for duct B in EN 1366-1.

4.14 Observation window

An observation window shall be provided between the two nozzles and a suitable method of viewing from
a safe distance be provided (a mirror arrangement may be found suitable).

5 Test conditions
The heating conditions and the furnace atmosphere shall conform to those given in EN 1363-1.

The furnace pressure shall be controlled to (15 ± 3) Pa throughout the test at the mid-height position of
the ducts in the furnace.

Details of test conditions within the duct during the test are given in Clause 10.

6 Test specimen

6.1 Size

6.1.1 Length

The minimum lengths of the parts of the test specimen inside and outside the furnace shall be as given in
Table 4 (see also Figures 3 and 9).

Table 4 — Minimum length of test specimen

Minimum length (m)

Orientation
Inside furnace Outside furnace
Horizontal 3,0 4,2
Vertical 2,0 4,25

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 EN 1366-8:2004 (E)

6.1.2 Cross-section
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The sizes of duct given in Table 5 shall be tested.

Table 5 — Cross-section of test specimen

Rectangular Circular
Width (mm) Height (mm) Diameter (mm)
1 000 250 560

6.2 Number

A minimum of one test specimen shall be tested. For horizontal and vertical installation see 13.2.

6.3 Design

The test shall be made on a test specimen representative of the complete duct assembly, including
integral or intended insulation on which information is required. Each type of duct requires a different
approach and the laboratory shall as far as practical reproduce the edge conditions and the method of
fixing or support inside and outside the furnace to that representative of that used in practice. The
distance between hangers or supports shall also be representative. Where compensators are used in
practice then they shall be incorporated in the test specimen. In this case the compensator shall be
located outside the furnace approximately 500 mm from the perforated plate.

7 Installation of test specimen

7.1 General

The test specimen shall be installed, as far as practical, in a manner representative of its use in practice.

The fire-stopping at the penetration through the supporting construction shall be as intended in practice
following established manuals of good practice for field installation, and shall be specified by the
manufacturer. If the width of the gap for fire-stopping around the duct at the furnace penetration point is
not specified, a width of 50 mm shall be used.

The parts of the ducts within the furnace shall be exposed to fire from all sides over their whole length.
Where in practice vertical ducts are not to be fixed to each floor, (self load-bearing ducts), then the weight
of ducts above shall be reproduced in the test (see EN 1366-1).

7.2 Standard supporting construction

A standard supporting construction shall be selected from the specifications detailed in EN 1366-1.

Where the duct passes through an opening in the furnace wall, then the opening shall be of sufficient
dimensions to allow for the supporting construction to surround all faces of the duct by at least 200 mm
from the duct or the outside edge of any fire stopping.

To ensure that leaking furnace gas does not affect the duct leakage measurement it is important that the
all gaps between test specimen, supporting construction and all parts of the furnace are well sealed.

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 EN 1366-8:2004 (E)

7.3 Duct arrangement

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7.3.1 Ducts shall be arranged as shown in Figures 1 and 2. The end of the duct within the furnace shall
be closed independently of any furnace enclosure by materials and construction similar to the remainder
of the duct.

7.3.2 Vertical ducts (see Figure 2) shall be tested standing on the furnace floor and penetrating the
furnace roof slab or supporting construction; the ducts shall be fixed at the furnace roof level as they
would be fixed in practice when penetrating a floor, as specified by the sponsor.

7.3.3 For horizontal and vertical ducts, the test arrangement shall include at least one joint inside the
furnace and at least one joint outside it. There shall be at least one joint both inside and outside the
furnace in every layer of fire protection material, and in any steel duct. Outside the furnace, there shall be
a joint in the outer layer of the fire protection material no further away than 700 mm from the supporting
construction but it should not be within 100 mm of thermocouples type T2. Inside the furnace, the joint in
the outer layer of fire protection material shall be located at approximately mid-span/mid-height. The
location of joints in inner layers shall be as specified by the sponsor. The distance between joints and
hangers shall not be less than that intended in practice. If the minimum distance has not been specified,
hangers shall be arranged so that the joint at mid-span lies midway between them. The positions of the
hangers shall be specified by the manufacturer and shall be representative of practice.

7.3.4 For horizontal ducts, two openings shall be provided, one on each vertical side of the duct inside
the furnace. The openings shall be positioned (500 ± 25) mm from the furnace wall (see Figure 1). For
vertical ducts two openings shall be provided, the openings shall be positioned opposite each other and
(200 ± 10) mm below the furnace roof (see Figure 2). In both vertical and horizontal ducts the openings
shall have the same breadth/height ratio as the cross-section of the duct and have a total opening area of
50 % of the cross-sectional area of the duct. For circular ducts the opening may be rectangular or
circular. Each opening will have an area of (25 ± 5) % of the cross sectional area of the duct.

7.3.5 For horizontal ducts, there shall be a clearance of (500 ± 50) mm between the top of the duct and
the ceiling, and at least 500 mm between the underside of the duct and the floor (see Figure 1). Similarly,
for horizontal and vertical ducts there shall be a clearance of at least 500 mm between the sides of ducts
and furnace walls (see Figure 2).

7.4 Restraint of ducts

7.4.1 Inside the furnace

Where in practice a vertical duct is fixed at floor level, then the vertical duct C shall be fixed where the
duct penetrates the furnace roof slab as specified by the sponsor.

All ducts shall be fully restrained in all directions at the furnace wall or floor remote from the penetration
point. Where there is a possibility of the furnace wall moving then the fixings shall be made to be
independent of the furnace structure.

7.4.2 Outside the furnace

The horizontal duct shall be restrained outside the furnace. The restraining point shall be located at a
position (500 ± 50) mm from the end of the duct and shall provide restraint on movement in horizontal
directions but shall allow movement in vertical directions (see Figure 8). The frame used to apply the
restraint shall be rigid and have sufficient strength to resist all horizontal forces.

Vertical ducts shall be unrestrained outside the furnace.

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 EN 1366-8:2004 (E)

7.5 Perforated plate

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The perforated plate shall be located (250 ± 50) mm from the external face of the supporting construction.
Provision shall be made for the plate to be removed if necessary during the pre-test calibration described
in 10.1.

8 Conditioning

8.1 General

Conditioning of the test construction shall be in accordance with EN 1363-1.

8.2 Hygroscopic sealing materials

Hygroscopic materials used to seal the gap between the supporting construction and the duct where the
gap is ≤ 10 mm wide shall be conditioned for seven days before fire testing.

Hygroscopic materials used to seal the gap between the supporting construction and the duct where the
gap is > 10 mm wide shall be conditioned for 28 days before fire testing.

9 Application of instrumentation

9.1 Thermocouples

9.1.1 Furnace thermocouples (plate thermometers)

Plate thermometers shall be provided in accordance with EN 1363-1 and shall be positioned as shown in
Figures 9 (horizontal ducts) and 10 (vertical ducts).

For all ducts the plate thermometers shall be oriented so that side A faces the walls of the furnace
opposite the duct being evaluated.

9.1.2 Unexposed surface thermocouples

Guidance on thermocouples at the point of penetration of the duct through the wall or floor is shown in
EN 1366-1 for typical penetration details. Additional thermocouples T1 shall be located in positions on the
outer surface of the fire protection material to coincide with all joints (inner layer joints as well).
Thermocouples T2 shall be used to determine the mean temperature rise and thermocouples T1, T2 and
Ts shall be used for determining maximum temperatures. Additional thermocouples shall be located at
the seal between the duct and the supporting construction. The purpose of collecting these data, which
are not used for classification purposes, is explained in the Annex A.

9.1.3 Gas temperature adjacent to nozzles

The gas temperature adjacent to the nozzles shall be measured with the thermocouples arranged
pointing downwards to allow for draining moisture. The thermocouple measuring junction shall be located
at the centre line of each nozzle and at a distance equal to twice the diameter of the measuring duct
downstream from the entrance to the flow measuring device.

9.2 Pressure

For measurement of the differential pressure between the inside and outside the of duct, the pressure
probe shall be located horizontally at the end of the duct level with the centre line of the inlet nozzles as
shown in Figures 6 and 7. Details of mounting the two nozzles are illustrated in Figure 11.

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 EN 1366-8:2004 (E)

9.3 Oxygen measurements

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Oxygen measurements are made using a probe manufactured from stainless steel tube, having
approximate dimensions 6 mm outside diameter and 5 mm internal diameter. The open end shall be
located inside the duct 100 mm upstream from the perforated plate on the centre line of the duct (first
sensor). A second probe (second sensor) shall be located after the nozzles at a distance of 100 mm on
the centre line of the connecting box (see Figures 6 and 7 for details). Each probe is connected by
suitable pipework to its own oxygen measuring system.

9.4 Observations on reduction of cross-section

To facilitate the observation of any reduction of cross-section, an observation window shall be located
between the two nozzles.

10 Test procedure

10.1 Pre-test calibration

10.1.1 Oxygen measuring instrument

Calibrate the measuring instrument(s) just prior to the fire test.

10.1.2 Perforated plate

Switch on the extraction fan. Check that both the required differential pressure and air velocity of 2 m/s
are obtained under ambient conditions. Ensure the air velocity is within ± 15 % and the differential
pressure is within ± 3 %. However, if these values cannot be achieved, switch off the fan, remove the
perforated plate and as appropriate, drill additional holes or seal some holes using screws. Replace the
perforated plate and repeat the procedure until the required values have been achieved.

NOTE The initial check on the perforated plate should be undertaken on a duct section provided for the purpose
and not the test specimen where the removal of the plate may create problems.

10.2 Leakage measurement at ambient temperature

10.2.1 Seal the two openings in the duct that are located inside the furnace.

10.2.2 Switch on the extraction fan, making any fine adjustments so that the differential pressure
reading is within ± 3 % of the prescribed value given in Table 1 throughout the time over which the
leakage measurements are taken.

NOTE The pressure level may be selected by the sponsor, alternatively it is possible to progressively work up
from pressure level 1 to pressure level 3, subject to compliance with 11.2.

10.2.3 For a period of five minutes measure and record the pressure through to the ambient leakage
measuring device at the selected pressure level. Calculate the airflow in accordance with EN ISO 5167
and ISO 5221.

Where information is required on leakage at other pressure levels, repeat the procedure at the other
pressure.

10.2.4 Remove the seals from the openings.

14
 EN 1366-8:2004 (E)

10.2.5 Take measurements around the top and bottom outside surface and both sides of the duct
outside the furnace to determine any reduction in cross-section of the duct. These measurements shall
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be taken at three locations outside the furnace between the perforated plate and the end of the duct.

10.3 Fire test

10.3.1 Switch on the extraction fan and make any adjustments to the damper or fan to maintain the
differential pressure at the selected pressure level given in Table 1.

10.3.2 Ignite the furnace and commence the test as described in EN 1363-1.

10.3.3 Throughout the test, maintain the furnace conditions to comply with the requirements of
EN 1363-1. Make any adjustments necessary to maintain the differential pressure readings inside the
duct to within ± 3 % of the appropriate value given in the third column of Table 1 after 5 min of the start of
the test.

10.3.4 Record all temperatures and pressures at the intervals specified in EN 1363-1, and also the
restraint forces in the case of the horizontal duct.

10.3.5 After the first fifteen minutes of the test, start recording the oxygen measurements.

10.3.6 Take observations on the general behaviour of the duct throughout the test, in particular look for
the collapse of any part of the duct that would affect its ability to maintain its intended function.

10.3.7 For ducts without an internal steel duct take measurements around the top and bottom outside
surface and both sides of the duct outside the furnace to determine any reduction in cross-section of the
duct. These measurements shall be taken at three locations outside the furnace between the perforated
plate and the end of the duct and supplemented by observations. For ducts containing a steel duct,
observations through the observation window shall be taken throughout the test.

10.3.8 For protected steel ducts only, as soon as possible after the end of the fire test, remove sufficient
of the apparatus to allow the inside of the tested duct to be examined so that a measurement can be
made of any reduction in cross-section.

10.3.9 Using the values recorded, calculate the leakage from the O2 measurements as follows:

C × m G2 × (c G2 - c G1 )
mL = f (1)
21 - c G1

where
mL is the leakage mass flow (kg/s);
mG2 is the mass flow at point G2 near inlet nozzles (kg/s);
CG1 is the oxygen content of first sensor (vol- %);
CG2 is the oxygen content of second sensor (vol- %);
Cf the correction factor, is determined as follows:
0,79 × Lmin + 1,85 × C
Cf = (2)
0,79 × Lmin + 1,85 × C + (21 - c G2 ) × 0,529 × H

where
C is the carbon content in fuel (kg/kg fuel);
H is the hydrogen content in fuel (kg/kg fuel);

15
 EN 1366-8:2004 (E)

S is the sulphur content in fuel (kg/kg fuel);

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3
Lmin is the minimum stoichiometrical air needed (m /kg fuel) at standard temperature and pressure;
Lmin is determined as follows:
Lmin = 8,88 x C + 26,44 x H + 3,33 x S (3)

VL shall be used to determine compliance with the leakage criteria stated in 11.3, and is calculated as:

mL
VL = (4)
p
3
VL is the leakage volume flow (m /s);
3
ρ is the density of dry air at 20 °C/1013 hPa (= 1,2 kg/m ).

10.3.10 Termination of test

The test may be terminated:

a) at the request of the sponsor;

b) at end of classification period (or if a serious failure occurs);

c) when criteria are exceeded (integrity at penetration point; leakage (but this may need to be calculated
after the test)); if the duct inside the furnace collapses and reduction of cross-section (confirmed after
test).

11 Performance criteria

11.1 General requirements

Under the specified pressure conditions given in Table 1, the fire resisting smoke extraction duct shall
satisfy the leakage requirements given in 11.2 and 11.3.

Smoke extraction ductwork shall be made of non-combustible materials (Euroclass A1 or A2). They shall
also have been tested to EN 1366-1 (duct A at a pressure of –500 Pa).

Three pressure levels are used for smoke extraction ductwork. In the course of testing smoke extraction
ductwork in accordance with Clause 10, one of the pressure levels defined in Table 1 shall be used.

11.2 Criteria at ambient temperature

11.2.1 Leakage

Smoke extraction ductwork of all categories intended for installation outside the enclosed space from
which smoke is to be extracted, shall not have a leakage exceeding 10 m³/h per 1 m² of total internal
surface area of the complete duct (inside and outside the furnace) when tested in accordance with 10.2.

11.2.2 Reduction in cross-section

The internal dimensions (width and height for rectangular ducts, diameter for circular duct) of the smoke
extracting ductwork shall not decrease by more than 10 % when tested in accordance with 10.2.

16
 EN 1366-8:2004 (E)

11.3 Criteria under fire conditions

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11.3.1 General

When tested in accordance with 10.3 smoke extraction ductwork for use in combination with smoke
exhaust fans and which is intended for use outside the enclosed space from which smoke is to be
extracted, shall comply with 11.3.2 to 11.3.6.

11.3.2 Leakage

The duct shall not have a leakage exceeding 10 m³/h per 1 m² of internal surface area. This shall be
related to the surface area of the duct from the perforated plate to the end of the duct by the inlet nozzles.

11.3.3 Integrity

The integrity at the seal/penetration between the duct and the supporting construction shall be judged in
accordance with EN 1363-1.

11.3.4 Insulation

Test results from EN 1366-1 shall demonstrate the insulation performance of the duct.

11.3.5 Reduction in cross-section

The internal dimensions (width and height for rectangular ducts, diameter for circular duct) of the smoke
extracting ductwork shall not decrease by more than 10 % during the test. This shall be by the
measurements taken in accordance with 10.3.6 and 10.3.7.

11.3.6 Mechanical stability

If the duct inside the furnace collapses, so that it can be judged as not being able to maintain its smoke
extraction or fire resistance function, this shall be regarded as failure under the criterion of mechanical
stability.

12 Test report
In addition to the items required by EN 1363-1, the following shall also be included in the test report:

a) a reference that the test was carried out in accordance with EN 1366-8;

b) details and reference to the report of testing of the duct to EN 1366-1;

c) the method of fixing, support and mounting, as appropriate for the type of specimen, and a
description of the method and materials used to seal the gap between the duct and the opening
provided in the wall or floor to accommodate the duct, the details of the supporting construction, and
where vertical ducts are loaded, the number of storeys that this represents;

d) the force recorded at the restraint point in horizontal duct C, as a function of time, presented as a
graph;

e) other observations made during the test, including a complete record of the following test parameters
as a function of time:

 furnace temperature;

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 EN 1366-8:2004 (E)

 furnace pressure;
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 temperature of all surface mounted thermocouples;

 gas temperatures adjacent to nozzles;

 oxygen measurements;

 volume flow measuring station pressure differential;

 calculated volume flow rate;

 differential pressure between inside and outside the duct (negative values indicate under-pressure);

f) data from leakage measured in accordance with 10.2 and with 10.3. Where the test is terminated
before the occurrence of failure under the relevant criteria, this shall be reported;

g) where steel ducts are used, the thickness, leakage class to prEN 1507, and details of any external
stiffening or internal stiffeners if incorporated;

h) the result from measuring any reduction in cross-section during and after the fire test.

13 Direct field of application of test results

13.1 General

The requirements for direct field of application of test result for all ducts tested to EN 1366-1 apply,
together with the requirements in 13.2 to 13.5.

13.2 Vertical and horizontal ducts

A test result obtained for horizontal smoke extraction ducts is only applicable to horizontal smoke
extraction ducts, unless vertical ducts are made to the same design and vertical ducts A and B have been
tested to EN 1366-1 without failure.

A test result obtained for vertical smoke extraction ducts is only applicable to vertical smoke extraction
ducts.

13.3 Sizes of ducts

A test result obtained for the standard sizes of duct C specified in 6.1 is applicable to all dimensions up to
the size tested together with the size increases given in Table 6.

Table 6 — Increase in dimensions of standard size ducts permitted

under direct application

Rectangular Rectangular Circular

width (mm) height (mm) diameter (mm)

Duct C + 250 + 750 + 440

If a circular duct is protected by an independent rectangular protection system that surrounds the circular
duct, the changes permitted to the internal dimensions of the protection system are the same as those for
rectangular ducts.

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 EN 1366-8:2004 (E)

13.4 Pressure difference

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The test results of the duct C are applicable to ducts with an under-pressure or overpressure up to the
relevant values as specified in Table 7.

Table 7 — Pressure difference

Tested pressure level Under-pressure (Pa) Overpressure (Pa)

(see Table 1) up to up to
1 500 500
2 1 000 500
3 1 500 500

13.5 Number of sides of duct

No extrapolation to one, two or three sided ducts is permitted.

19
 EN 1366-8:2004 (E)

Dimensions in millimetres
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10

100
500 ±50

11 6 2

7 G1

H
3 8 8

12 250 ± 50

11 4
500

12 6 2

7 G1

W
3 8 8
500

250 ± 50
12 7
500 ±50

500 2 500 4 000

3 000
Key
1 Furnace wall 10 Furnace roof
2 Perforated plate 11 Furnace chamber
3 Sealed end 12 Openings: total cross section
(May pass through furnace wall) 50 % of duct cross section Duct C
4 Fire stopping as in practice W Width
6 Insulation H Height
7 Rigid restraint G1 Gas sample sensor at the perforated plate
8 Joints

NOTE The sealed end is independent of the furnace wall.

Figure 1 – Test arrangement for horizontal ducts

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 EN 1366-8:2004 (E)

Dimensions in millimetres
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250

4 000
8 8

250 ±50
2
10
100

4 G1
G1
12
200

11 11
A A
12 12

8 6
8

2 000
500 500
3 13

W
D
H

Key
1 Furnace wall 12 Openings: total cross section of duct cross section Duct C in the
2 Perforated plate ratio of 1:4 for rectangular ducts
3 Sealed end 13 Furnace floor
4 Fire stopping as in practice W Width
6 Insulation H Height
8 Joints D Diameter
10 Furnace roof G1 Gas sample sensor at the perforated plate
11 Furnace chamber

Figure 2 – Test arrangement for vertical ducts

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 EN 1366-8:2004 (E)
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Dimensions in millimetres

1 000 + 2 x d

c
250 + 2 x d

250
b

e
d

1 000

Figure 3 – Detail perforated plate for test duct C wit dimensions width x height =
(1 000 x 250) mm

Table 8 – The values given in this table are for standard rectangular duct size 1 000 mm x 250 mm

Pressure stage 1 2 3

Pressure differential at ambient temperature (PA) -500 -1 000 -1 500

Pressure differential for pre-test calibration at ambient -150 -300 -500

Temperature (see 9.2) (Pa)
Pressure differential during the fire test -150 -300 -500

Diameter of hole 10 10 10

Number of holes horizontal 50 37 36

Number of holes vertical 11 11 9

Total number of holes 550 407 324

Distance rim horizontal e (mm) 15 15 20

Mounting hole a separation 19,8 26,9 27,4

Mounting hole b separation (mm) 21,8 22 26,3

NOTE The table given in value for standard rectangular duct size 1 000 mm x 250 mm. For smaller sizes the
number of holes will be reduced proportional to the smaller cross section.

22
 EN 1366-8:2004 (E)
Licensed Copy: na na, University of Central Lancashire JISC, Thu Mar 30 14:54:29 BST 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI

e
d

560

Figure 4 – Perforated plate for test duct C with diameter = 560 mm

Table 9 – The values given in this table are for standard rectangular duct size diameter 560 mm

Pressure stage 1 2 3

Pressure differential at ambient temperature (PA) -500 -1 000 -1 500

Pressure differential for pre-test calibration at ambient -150 -300 -500

Temperature (see 9.2) (Pa)
Pressure differential during the fire test -150 -300 -500

Diameter of hole 10 10 10

Total number of holes 541 403 319

Distance rim e (mm) 30 35 35

Mounting hole a separation 20,8 22,2 27,5

Mounting hole b separation (mm) 20,8 22,2 27,5

23
 EN 1366-8:2004 (E)

NOTE The table given in value for standard rectangular duct size diameter 560 mm. For smaller sizes the number
of holes will be reduced proportional to the smaller cross section.
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1
2 3 4
1

d
5

100

5
20

6
d

Key
1 Flange 4 Ceramic felt strip
2 Duct 5 Perforated plate
3 Screwed 6 Ceramic wool or similar

Figure 5 – Example of an assembly for the perforated plates

24
 EN 1366-8:2004 (E)

Dimensions in millimetres
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10
100

A-A
6 4
15
24
G1
250

2 8 20 G2

11
21
13 12
250 ± 50

1 22
15
D1 G2
A G1 A
1 000

2 8
13
20
12
11

250 ± 50 25

7
Key
1 Furnace wall 15 Thermocouple 1,5 mm diameter
2 Perforated plate 20 Inlet nozzle
4 Fire stopping as in practice 21 Test duct C
6 Insulation 22 Piezometric ring
8 Joints 24 Connecting tube
10 Furnace roof 25 Distance: Inlet nozzle to thermocouple = 2d
11 Furnace chamber G1 Gas-testing probe at the perforated plate
12 Fan G2 Gas-testing probe
13 Pressure control, dilution damper

Figure 6 – Arrangement of gas-testing probes

25
 EN 1366-8:2004 (E)

Dimensions in millimetres
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24

G2

22
13 12
15
G2
D1

225
500

13
20
12

225

22
0
R4
40

A
6
160
240
292

248

R4
40 A-A
120
400

Key

24 Connecting tube (tightly welded, inlet nozzles Pos. 20 welded on)

Figure 7 – Detail to Figure 6

26
 EN 1366-8:2004 (E)
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Dimensions in millimetres

± 50
500
1

4 5

6
Key
1 Allows movement in both directions
2 Resists movement in both directions
3 Furnace
4 Duct
5 Stiff load cells
6 Method of applying and measuring restraint using two pairs of stiff load cells (as example)

Figure 8 – Restraint of duct C outside the furnace

27
 EN 1366-8:2004 (E)

I
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500 500
10

1 6
A

12

A
100

1/ 2
10
A-A
500 ± 50

6
= =

100

Key
1 Furnace wall
6 Insulation
10 Furnace roof
12 Openings: total cross section 50 %
of duct section
x Thermocouples

Figure 9 – Arrangement of furnace thermocouples in case of horizontal ducts

28
 EN 1366-8:2004 (E)

Dimensions in millimetres
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100 100
500
12 10

A A
8
1
500

13

A-A

100 100

Key
1 Furnace wall
2 Perforated plate
10 Furnace roof
12 Openings: total cross section 50% of duct cross section Duct C in the ratio of 1:4 for rectangular
ducts
13 Furnace floor

Figure 10 – Location of furnace thermocouples for ducts in vertical position (see also Figure 1)

29
 EN 1366-8:2004 (E)

Dimensions in millimetres
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Key
1 Supporting construction
2 Furnace
3 Fire resisting duct

Ts Maximum surface on supporting construction

T1 Surface thermocouples for determining maximum temperature
T2 Surface thermocouples for determining average and maximum temperature
Ts, T1, T2 Minimum of one on each side of the duct
Surface thermocouples

NOTE Supporting construction and location of surface thermocouples to fire resisting ducts that have been to
duct B.

Figure 11 – Location of surface thermocouples (example only)

30
 EN 1366-8:2004 (E)

Dimensions in millimetres
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Key
1 Supporting construction
2 Furnace
3 Fire resisting duct
Ts Maximum surface on supporting construction
T1 Surface thermocouples for determining maximum temperature
T2 Surface thermocouples for determining average and maximum temperature
Ts, T1, T2 Minimum of one on each side of the duct
Surface thermocouples

NOTE Supporting construction and location of surface thermocouples to fire resisting ducts that have been to
duct B.
Figure 12 – Location of surface thermocouples (example only)

31
 EN 1366-8:2004 (E)

Dimensions in millimetres
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Key
1 Supporting construction
2 Furnace
3 Fire resisting duct
Ts Maximum surface on supporting construction
T1 Surface thermocouples for determining maximum temperature
T2 Surface thermocouples for determining average and maximum temperature
Ts, T1, T2 Minimum of one on each side of the duct
Surface thermocouples

NOTE Supporting construction and location of surface thermocouples to fire resisting ducts that have been to duct
B.

Figure 13 – Location of surface thermocouples (example only)

32
 EN 1366-8:2004 (E)

Annex A
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(informative)

Surface temperature and volume/mass flow measurements

A.1 Use of surface thermocouple data

The surface thermocouples specified in 9.1.2 are not required for classification purposes. Until more
experience of this test is obtained, it is not known what effect the perforated plate will have on the surface
temperatures measured in this standard.

Consequently, until sufficient data are available, the surface temperatures recorded in on duct B (fire
inside) described in EN 1366-1 are needed to classify the system in respect to the insulation criteria.

When sufficient data exist, it may be possible to only require ducts A and C test to be tested. Account
needs to be made of the fact that the perforated plate is stiffening the duct close to the penetration point
in the supporting construction, so duct B will probably still need to be tested.

A.2 Hints for measuring volume flow or mass flow with differential pressure devices

The volume rate of flow or mass rate of flow should be calculated in accordance with EN ISO 5167-1 and
ISO 5221 on the basis of pressure differential measurements and temperature measurements, using a
suitable pressure differential device and on the basis of the actual physical properties (density, absolute
(barometric) pressure, viscosity etc.).

Density

For the determination of the volumetric flow in accordance with EN ISO 5167-1 and ISO 5221, the actual
density of the fluid is needed. The fluid is air or flue gas from a furnace. Flue gas contains N2 and CO2 as
well as H2O in unknown concentrations. However, for calculation purposes air and flue gas may be
treated as dry air and the density may be calculated from the law of ideal gases:

p × V = p /ρ = R × T = constant (A.1)

where

R is the gas constant for air, in J/(kg⋅K);

V is the specific volume, in m³/kg;

ρ is the density of dry air at absolute pressure p and absolute temperature T, in kg/m³.

From this follows:

ρ = ρo × p/po × To/T (A.2)

where ρo is the density of dry air at absolute temperature To and absolute pressure po.

The condition index “0“ is defined as 0°C (To = 273,15 K) and po = 1 013,25 hPa (= 760 Torr), and ρo =
1,293 kg/m³ are used.

33
 EN 1366-8:2004 (E)

Absolute pressure (barometric pressure)

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The barometric pressure is used by means of a barometer.

In cases where a barometer is not available and the level Z (in metres) of the laboratory above sea level
does not exceed 500 m, the use of the mean value of barometric pressure according to the following
formula is recommended:

pa = 1013 - Z/8 [hPa] (A.3)

where Z is the level, in metres, of the laboratory above sea level.

NOTE Common weather conditions may cause deviations of about 1 % related to the mean barometric
pressure. In extreme weather conditions, the deviations may rise to about 3 % (e.g. severe winds).

Viscosity

The actual viscosity is required when the Reynolds number Re needs to be calculated (e.g. when
choosing the suitable size or measuring range of a measuring device).

The kinematic viscosity ν depends on temperature and pressure. The dynamic viscosity µ is independent
of pressure. It only depends on temperature. The relationship between the two viscosities is defined as

ν = µ /ρ (A.4)

The dynamic viscosity µ is given in the form of a table, a graph and as a formula, in Table A.1, Figure A.1
and equation (A.5).

Dynamic viscosity of dry air versus temperature is calculated using the following polynomial formula:

3
µ = ∑ (ai × t i × 10 −3i )x10 −6 [kg /( s ⋅ m)] (A.5)
i=0

where

a0 = 17,22 ; a1 = 48,02 ; a2 = -24,73; a3 = 7,287

t is the temperature within the range –50 °C ≤ t ≤ 1 000.

34
 EN 1366-8:2004 (E)

Table A.1 – Dynamic viscosity of dry air versus temperature

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(computed from equation (A.5); maximum deviation from ISO 10294-3, Table 1 is 0,44 %)

Temperature Absolute temperature Dynamic viscosity µ

-6
°C K 10 kg/sxm

-50 223,15 14,8

0 273,15 17,2

20 293,15 18,2

40 313,15 19,1

60 333,15 20,0

80 353,15 20,9

100 373,15 21,8

120 393,15 22,6

140 413,15 23,5

160 433,15 24,3

180 453,15 25,1

200 473,15 25,9

250 523,15 27,8

300 573,15 29,6

350 623,15 31,3

400 673,15 32,9

450 723,15 34,5

500 773,15 36,0

600 873,15 38,7

700 973,15 41,2

800 1 073,15 43,5

900 1 173,15 45,7

1 000 1 273,15 47,8

NOTE Interpolation between values is allowed.

35
 EN 1366-8:2004 (E)
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Key
1 Temperature t (°C)
-6
2 Dynamic viscosity µ (10 kg/sx m)

Figure A.1 – Dynamic viscosity of dry air versus temperature

36
 EN 1366-8:2004 (E)

Bibliography
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[1] ISO 10294-3, Fire resistance tests — Fire dampers for air distribution systems — Part 3: Guidance
on the test method

37
 BS EN
1366-8:2004
BSI — British Standards Institution
BSI is the independent national body responsible for preparing
British Standards. It presents the UK view on standards in Europe and at the
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389 Chiswick High Road Details and advice can be obtained from the Copyright & Licensing Manager.
London Tel: +44 (0)20 8996 7070. Fax: +44 (0)20 8996 7553.
Email: [email protected].
W4 4AL