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Bafu Khola MHP Final Report

This report summarizes the design of a micro hydropower project in Jinwang VDC, Rolpa, Nepal. Key specifications of the project include a flow rate of 260 liters/second and gross head of 27 meters. The recommended penstock design is 16 inches in diameter, 55 meters long made of 11mm thick mild steel. The estimated mechanical power output is 49.35 kW from a Francis turbine. The proposed generator specifications are a 3-phase synchronous generator rated at 75 kVA, 415V and 750 RPM.

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BISHAL Adhikari
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65 views8 pages

Bafu Khola MHP Final Report

This report summarizes the design of a micro hydropower project in Jinwang VDC, Rolpa, Nepal. Key specifications of the project include a flow rate of 260 liters/second and gross head of 27 meters. The recommended penstock design is 16 inches in diameter, 55 meters long made of 11mm thick mild steel. The estimated mechanical power output is 49.35 kW from a Francis turbine. The proposed generator specifications are a 3-phase synchronous generator rated at 75 kVA, 415V and 750 RPM.

Uploaded by

BISHAL Adhikari
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 8

A report on

Bhafu Khola Micro Hydropower Design


Project Location: Jinwang VDC,Rolpa
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prepared by:
Bishal Adhikari (THA076BIE011)
Nabin Dhungel(THA076BIE025)
Table of Contents
Introduction 3

Project Specifications 3

Design Parameter: Internal Diameter of Penstock Pipe 3

Design Parameter: Thickness of Penstock Pipe 4

Head Losses 4

Mechanical Power Output 5

Turbine Speed 6

Specific Turbine Speed 6

Electrical Power Output 6

Generator Design 7

Design Takeaways 8
Introduction
In this report we will determine basic design parameters for a
micro hydro power project based on the information available about the
project location and energy requirements.

Project Specifications

● Project Location : Jinwang VDC, Rolpa


● Number of households : 222
● Flow Rate in the river(Q) : 260 liters/second
● Gross Head(H) : 27 meters
● Power Demand : 20 kW

Design Parameter: Internal Diameter of Penstock


Pipe
For the sizing of penstock pipe, we need to set the fluid flow
velocity in the pipe. Assuming this velocity to be 2.2 m/s and head losses
in the pipe to be 5% of gross head, we can calculate the following
parameters.

Assume,
Flow Velocity in penstock(V) = 2.2 m/s
Head Loss(ΔH) = 5% of Gross Head
= 0.05 ✕ 27 = 1.35 m

Π × D m2
Flow Rate (Q)=V × A where , A= ⇒ D m= √ ❑
4
∴ Dm ≈ 400 mm
Hence, a pipe of diameter 400mm or 16” is recommended.
Design Parameter: Thickness of Penstock Pipe

Thickness Calculation is done using the formula below:


P × Dm
● T p= +C
0.8 ×(2× ρ)
Here, P = working pressure on pipe including surge
= H +50 % × H=27+13.5=40.5 kg/cm2
ρ = permissible stress of pipe material = 1200 kg/cm 2 for mild steel

C = corrosion factor = 0.2 cm for 20 years life of Mild Steel

40.5× Dm
∴ T p= +0.2=10.43 mm≈ 11 mm
0.8 × 2×1200

Thus, the appropriate wall thickness of the penstock pipe would be 11


mm.

Head Losses
f × Lm ×V 2
1. Pipe Head Loss: Δ H p =
2 g× Dm
Here, f = friction factor = 0.0262
Lm = Penstock Length = 55 m (say)
V = Flow Velocity in pipe = 2.2 m/s
g = 9.81 m/s2
Dm = internal pipe diameter = 0.4 m

2
0.0262 ×55 ×2.2
∴ Δ H p= =0.8887 m
2 ×9.81 ×0.4
Hence, head loss in pipe alone , Δ H p =¿0.8887 m .
k b ×V 2
2. Bend Head Loss: Δ H b=
2g
Let, Friction coefficient of 20 degree bend, k b = 0.1,
0.1× 2.22
∴ Δ H b= =0.025 m per bend
2×g
Head loss of similar nature will exist 12 times since there will be 12
such instances including bends, entrance, expansion joints, etc.
∴Total Bend Head Loss , Δ H tb =12× 0.025=0.296 m .
Hence,
Total Bend Head Loss :
Δ H total =Δ H p + Δ H tb=0.8887+0.296=1.185 m
Since, Δ H total ＜1.35 m i. e . 5 % of Gross Head , the diameters and bend
angles we have assumed are acceptable.

Thus, Net Head , H Net =H−¿Δ H total =27−1.185=25.815 m.

Mechanical Power Output

We have, H Net =25.815 m and Q=260liters /s .


To choose suitable turbine type, we will analyze Nomogram as shown
below:

Fig : Nomogram for Turbine Selection

It is clear that the suitable type of turbine is either Kaplan or Francis


turbine based on the net head and discharge for this project.

Turbine efficiency is expected to be 0.750.


ηturbine =0.75
Shaft Power Output , Pshaft =ρ gHQ ηturbine
¿ , Pshaft =100 ×9.81 ×25.8 ×0.26 × 0.750
∴ P shaft =49.35 kW

Turbine Speed
Velocity of Jet at Inlet (V 1)=Cv × √❑
¿ 0.97 √❑
¿ 21.824 m/s
Wheel Velocity(V 2)=K u ×V 1
¿ 0.46 ×21.824
¿ 10.04 m/s

60 × V 2 60 ×10.04
Speed (N turbine)= = =640 rpm
Π ×D Π ×0.3

Specific Turbine Speed


Specific Speed (N s )=N turbine × √ ❑
❑
¿ 640 × √ ❑
❑
¿ 77

Electrical Power Output


Normally, vee belt is selected for power transmission of power
from turbine to the generator.
Transmission Efficiency( ηtrans)=0.9
On choosing synchronous generator, we get
Generator Efficiency( ηgen )=0.85
Now, electrical power output is given by
Pelectrical =Pshaft × ηtrans × η gen
¿ 37.75 kW
Generator Design

Table : Generator Rating Factors

Since the altitude of the powerhouse is about 1590 meters. Hence


following rating factors are applicable:

A= Temperature factor = 1.08 (for 25oC)


B = Altitude factor = 0.96
C = ELC correction factor = 0.83
D = Power factor = 0.8

Therefore kVA rating is computed as:


Installed Capacity∈kW
kVA rating=1.3 ×
A × B ×C × D
37.75 kW
¿ 1.3 ×
1.08× 0.96 ×0.83 × 0.8
¿ 71.28 kVA
Generators of rated capacity of 75 kVA are available in Nepal.

Design Takeaways
Following are the final proposed parameters for the Bhafu Khola Micro
Hydro Power.
Proposed Penstock:
● 16” Internal Diameter
● 55 m Long
● Made of Mild Steel
● 12 mm thickness

Proposed Turbine:
● Francis Turbine
*Note : According to discharge and head either kaplan or francis
turbine could be chosen but in our project the specific speed of
turbine was low i.e. only 77 rpm. Hence we chose Francis turbine
for the project.
Proposed Generator:
● Three phase synchronous generator
● Electrical design power = 75 kVA
● Brush less
● Self excited
● 415 V, 50 Hz, 0.8 pf (lagging)
● 750 RPM
● Star connected

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