LANDSCAPE AND BUILT ENVIRONMENT

• Introduction and role of landscape in built environment

• Types of natural elements – stones ,rocks ,pebbles, water forms,
plants and vegetation
• Introduction to study of plants in relation to landscape design and
interiors
• Types of indoor plants – visual characteristics – Colour, texture,
foliage.
WHAT IS LANDSCAPING?

Landscaping refers to any activity that modifies the visible features of an area of land, including:
1. Living elements flora or fauna.
2. Natural elements such as landforms, terrain shape and elevation, or bodies of water;
3. Human elements (Manmade)such as structures, buildings, fences or other material objects created
and/or installed by humans; and
4. Abstract elements such as the weather and lighting conditions.
 WHAT IS LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE?

• Landscape Architecture can be defined as the

art of designing outdoor and indoor
environments or varying sizes including
aspects of environment, art, engineering,
architecture, and sociology.
• In the urban context, one can describe
landscape architecture as the creation of life
between buildings. Eg:roof gardens, pocket
parks, etc.

ROLE OF LANDSCAPE IN BUILT

ENVIRONMENT

THE HIGH LINE PARK NEWYORK CITY

1. Helps combat toxicity and other
environmental issues
2. Offers customizable and sustainable
development avenues
3. Storm Water Management
4. Innovative Troubleshooting of
Natural Environments
5. Weather Control
6. Outdoor Public Recreation
7. Psycho-Social Benefits for Humans
8. Therapeutic Final Products
 HELPS COMBAT TOXICITY AND
OTHER ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES

OFFERS CUSTOMIZABLE AND SUSTAINABLE

DEVELOPMENT AVENUES
STORM WATER MANAGEMENT TROUBLESHOOTING OF NATURAL ENVIRONMENTS
 OUTDOOR PUBLIC RECREATION
PSYCHO-SOCIAL BENEFITS FOR HUMANS

WEATHER CONTROL
#1 Hardscape Is More Permanent
#2 Softscape Is More Changeable
#3 Softscaping Requires Higher Maintenance
#4 Hardscape Is a Place That People Often Occupy
#5 Softscape Creates a Mood
ELEMENTS OF LANDSCAPE- LANDFORM
ELEMENTS OF LANDSCAPE- LANDFORM
ELEMENTS OF LANDSCAPE- LANDFORM
SLOPED LANDFORM
BLOCKS VIEWS & CREATES
SPATIAL EDGES.
LEVEL LANDFORM DOES
THE OPPOSITE.
ELEMENTS OF LANDSCAPE- LANDFORM
ELEMENTS OF LANDSCAPE- LANDFORM
 PLANTS AS
AN LANDSCAPE ELEMENT
DRAMA WITH PLANT AS AN LANDSCAPE ELEMENT
STONE AS AN LANDSCAPE ELEMENT – USED FOR
Stones are hard, impermeable, inorganic elements used extensively in landscape architecture.

1. PAVING – RUBBLE(ROUGH QUARRY 5. STONE SHELTER 6. STONE PARAPET

STONE) AND ASHLAR(CUT STONE FROM
QUARRY)

7. STONE BRIDGE 8. STONE SCULPTURE

2.RETAINING WALL

3.STACKED STONE WALL 4. STONE SEATS 9. STONE PLANTERS 10. BOLLARDS

STONE AS AN LANDSCAPE ELEMENT
Landscaping with stone brings in a natural element that evokes solidness and a sense of security

TYPES OF LANDSCAPE STONES AND THEIR USES

FLAG STONE:
Used For steps ,Simple and ornamental design

BOULDERS:
Decorative design in landscape, Birch wood
boulder, Wisconsin, Granite and honey comb
western stone

MARBLE:
Decorative use, Used to create signs, around or
in garden pond , fountains, Sculptures.

NATURAL STONE ( Pebble, Gravel ):

Small Landscape features

DECORATIVE STONE:
Used in pathways, trails to beautify the garden.
Some of them are royal George, walnut nuggets,
Beachwood pebbles and many more

Other Uses:
Ashlar and Rubble
ELEMENTS OF LANDSCAPE- TIMBER
ELEMENTS OF DESIGN-
line
• Straight lines

• Curved lines

• Vertical lines

• Horizontal lines
ELEMENTS OF Design- form

• Circular form
• Square form
• Irregular polygons

• Tree forms
• Shrub forms
• Groundcover forms
ELEMENTS OF DESIGN- TEXTURE
• Coarse texture
• Fine texture
• Medium texture
• Coarse texture
• Fine texture
• Medium texture
ELEMENTS OF DESIGN- COLOR
Spaces
Space can be defined as …
• an area of land enclosed, defined or
adopted by people for human purposes
• a medium and concept of landscape
architecture
• a place for outdoor activities
• an enclosure
• the ‘opposite’ of form or mass.

Spaces
Landscape architecture essentially involves
organising and dividing land. Spaces are the
primary medium of design. Spaces provide for
different human uses and enjoyment of the
landscape. The organisation of space is described
as a process of manipulating ground, ‘wall’ and
‘sky’ planes.
Paths

Paths can be defined as:

• linear landscape spaces for
travel
• linking forms that create
networks of circulation in the
landscape
• linear surfaced areas.
Edge
An edge can be defined as:
• the linear interface
between two spaces or
regions of a landscape that
have different functions
and/or physicalcharacters
• a thickened permeable
‘wall’ plane
• a transitional or ‘in-
between’ linear zone
• a seam of ‘interlock’ in
landscape
• an ecotone
• a boundary
• a horizon.
Foci
A focus can be defined
as:
• a form or centralised
group of forms (often
vertical) that contrast(s)
with the surrounding
landscape
• a landscape form which
assists orientation
• a form that marks a
place of spiritual, cultural
or social significance
attracting people and
becoming a destination
and gathering point
Threshold
A threshold can be defined as:
• a small transitional space
between larger spaces or
paths
• an ‘in between’ place
• a space on an edge
• a landscape form that
visually links one place with
another
• an entrance place or
gateway
• a place of ending or
beginning, rest and
anticipation.
Detail

Detail refers to:

• elements providing
‘immediate’ or ‘close-up’
sensory experience of
landscape
• small-scale (smaller than
people)structuralcomponents
of landscape
• surface texture, pattern,
colour and light
• furniture
DESIGN AND TYPES OF INDOOR LANDSCAPING

• Landscapes play a vital role in connecting the spaces with the nature around.
• Architecturally spaces should be well linked with the nature and it should actually take a form along with the
landscape rather than forcing landscape into the left out pockets.
• The blend between the hardscapes, soft-scapes and the built forms actually help to enhance the quality of a space
and make it more likely to be a boon rather than a burden on the nature or the external environment.
• Similarly, landscapes should not be limited up to the structure or the plinth level. Extension of landscape into the
interiors make the structure porous with greenscapes acting like the necessary catalysts to achieve the supreme
connection with the nature and external environment.
 DESIGN AND TYPES OF INTERIOR LANDSCAPING
GREEN GARDEN
• These are generally full lush green plantations or
flowers planted in a space with ample light and
ventilation
• They are planted in courtyards of bungalows, or may
be any interior space with proper source of lights and
are also planned according to wind direction.
• Hence, these help to keep the indoor environment
fresh and energetic along with the cool fresh
ambience and experience like a walk in a green
garden.
• A feel of garden through the transition spaces of
your bungalow is what lacks in solid hardscapes
making the interiors too rigid and structural
• This type of landscape is advisable in bungalows or
spaces that have clean surroundings around to avoid
mosquitoes and insects and also a bit of high
maintenance is required.
2. STONE SCAPING
•The stone landscaping or the stone gardens are an
important part of Japanese landscapes and used all over
the world to create similar ambience spaces.
•Here, the amount of green spaces is less and is mainly
covered with various stone tiles or real pebbles.
•Massing is achieved by using various shape forms of stone
and by varying the stone sizes placed in this space.
•Stone scapes in interior are created in courtyards of
bungalows, entrance lobbies, extended bedrooms, etc.
where they can connect easily with the external
environment.
•These spaces can be used as meditation zones as well as
like a Zen Garden that is a type of Japanese landscape.
3. HOLY SCAPE

•There are many beliefs and rituals where some plants are considered holy and as good luck for the entire house.
•Such holy spaces can also be created as a part of indoor landscape with some water bodies and holy plantations
around with some round pebbles creating a perfect holy ambience.
•Statues can also be installed on pedestals in the center or a particular corner as per the rituals or holy scripts
4. Horticulture
•These are similar to the green garden courtyards.
•The only difference here is the plantations are well planned and are actually harvested for further use.
•For example, there are some crops like herbs which are planted and also some flowering plants that are used
once grown completely.
•This is actually farming on a very micro level.
•A variety of indoor crops and plants can suffice the need of the end user.
5. Floating Indoor Landscaping 6. Water Scapes
•As the name suggests these are floating •Water scapes are generally used to create a feeling of motion in the
landscapes that is some designed landscape interiors.
patches on some small water body. •There are generally small channels of water or a pond like depression
•These are not recommended in warm and created which is either decorated with a fountain or may be kept still
humid climates as they increase the humidity with small pebbles in it giving it a lively feel.
levels inside the house affecting the interiors. •Water plants or may be other suitable plantations are also added to
•The spaces here are generally not accessible enhance the beauty of the space giving it a richer and livelier ambience.
and serve as a visual ambience and hence •Water scapes can be extended vertically on walls in form of streams
these indoor landscapes can be used in rolling down or may be small indoor waterfalls that connect with the
bungalows near the living room area or may ponds or the streams below.
be the dining areas where a relaxing soothing •These are also located near the living areas or may be the dining
ambience is necessary. zones. The streams can also run along the passages or lobbies making
the spaces look livelier.