Afm

To obsere retraction and lateral deviation of a beam of light incident obliquely on a glass slab.
Totrace the path of a
ray oflight. passing through a rectangular glass slab, for different angles of incidence, measure
the
angie ot incidence. angle otf refraction, angle of emergence and interpret the results.)
Materials Required
Glass slab White drawing sheet
Drawing board Pencil Eraser
.Drawing pins Protractor Metre scale Adhesive tape
Theory
tateral Deviation
As a resuit refraction when light emerges from another media there is lateral deviation in its
of
original path
The perpendicular distance between the incident ray and the emergent ray is called lateral deviation. For a
given angle
of
incidence and a
pair of media. it is proportional to the thickness of the glass slab.

Ppocedure
Take a
draw ing sheet and fix it on a drawing board with the help
of
drawing pins or adhesive tape.
Put glass slab lengthwise the centre
the at
of the drawing sheet
and makc an outline of the glass slab
using a sharp pencil, mark it
s ABCD Air B
Glass
o draw a perpendicular ine NON wilh the help of protractor
which is normal to the face AB. Draw a line PO representing the

ITiC1dent ray at any angle to the line NO.

Now put the glass slab again it
on boundary ABCD.
Fix two
draw ing pins : and F vertically on the line PO about
10 cms apart
Air C
Now, try to see the imayge ol pins and F through opposite side
of the glass slab.

F i x two more pins G and il vetically on white drawing sheet, 8-10 M L a l e r a l d e v i a o

em apart such that pins . , Gand 1 all lie in the same straight line.
.Remove all the pns and the glass slab Irom the draw ing board.
Refraction through a glass slab
 Make small circles around each pin-pricks the
on
drawing sheet.
Extend the ine uH to meet side
CD at O'. Draw a line perpendicular CD from in
joining O and O'. to point O'. Draw anonct

.Extrapolate line PO Torward to meet side CD at K. Draw a perpendicular KK' to line O'L. Distance kh
lateral deviation.
.Measure Zi, Le and lateral deviation d.
Start with a value of
30 for Zi and
repeat the process for 35°. 40°, 45°, and 50° for Zi.
.Repeat same procedure tor glass slabs of different thickness.

Opservations
Least count of protractor
degree.
Least count of meter scale
=

mm Cm.
ab, | Angle of incidence, Angle of emergence, Lateral deviation,
S.No.
Zi (degree) Le (degree) d (cm)

l t

The ray of light changes its path after emerging out of glass slab which proves that refraction happens when
light travels from one medium to another. The emerging ray is parallel to the incident ray.
The lateral deviation of the emergent ray with respect to the incident ray is directly proportional to the thickness
of the glass slab.
Angle of incidence 2i= angle of emergence Le.

APrecautions
slab should be clean and of uniform thickness.
Glass
Fix the pins vertically on the drawing board.
Be careful for accuracy while measuring angles.
U s e sharp pencils for making lines.
Distance between the pins should be 8 to l0 em for better accuracy while locating the angles of incidence and

emergence.
Ensure that the pins E and F are in straignt ine. imilariy, and H should be in straight linc.
.While viewing the pins, close one eye. Viewing with a single eye gives a purely straight line view.

Sources of Error
Mistake while measuring angles.
the line.
V*ailure to insert the pin exactly
on

P i n pricks could be thick.