CHAPTER I

THE PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND

This chapter consists of the overview of the study, its difficulty, objective, scope and

limitation and the significance of the study. This chapter also aims to point out the main

result of the research.

Introduction

Personal protective equipment may include items such as gloves; protect our hands

from taking damage, safety glasses, to protect our eyes from debris, earplugs or muffs. are

effective in reducing high-frequency noise while earplugs are more effective for reducing

low-frequency noise, hard hats designed to protect against flying or falling objects that would

otherwise impact or penetrate the worker, respiratory protect vital on sites where toxic

substances are present. The use of personal protective equipment is lowest on the lists of

control. Priorities-these controls should not be relied on as the primary means of risk control

unit the options higher in the lists of control priorities have been exhausted. There for PPE

should only be use as a last resort where there are no other practical control measures until a

more effective way of controlling the risk. Can be used together with other control measures

such as local exhaust ventilation by itself during maintenance activities there may be specific

PPE equipment for working with harmful substance or in certain work activities read more

about PPE for working with.

Safety is a major issue for day laborers and skilled laborers. Each year accidents

happen frequently in the construction industry and often times, it is due to the absence of

personal protective equipment (PPE) or failure to wear the provided PPE-PPE is equipment

that will protect workers against health or safety risks on the job. The purpose is too feasible

or effective to reduce these risks to acceptable levels. These hazards risks can be anything

Page | 1 A Quantitative Research on the Impact of Using Personal Protective Equipment to the Health of Technical Vocational Livelihood – Shielded
Metal Arc Welding Strand Senior High School Students in St. Francis National High School – School Year 2022-2023
from wet floors to falling debris and everything in between PPE includes items such as

protective helmets, eye protection, high visibility clothing, safety harnesses and sometimes,

respiratory protective equipment let’s explore some PPE commonly used on construction

sites and their benefits.

Even if global prevention approaches have been developed by prevention and health and

safety institutions to reduce the risks posed by chemicals in general and phytosanitary

substances/plant protection products in particular, one can't help but notice that the

prevention measures which are most often implemented consist of using PPE.

All PPE should be, designed and constructed safely, made to fit comfortable and

maintained in clean and reliable manner. Employers are required by the occupational safety

and health administration (OSHA) to train their employees in the usage limitations care

maintenance and disposal of personal protective equipment (PPE) personal protective

equipment (PPE) is worn to prevent workplace accidents injuries and illnesses and to

minimize exposure to work -related hazards. Hard hats, face shield, earplugs, muffs, safety

glasses, respirators vests, gloves, apron, cover all, lab coats, hazmat suits, full body suits,

safety shoes

Aprons do not protect against molten metal splashes, hot liquids, and steam continuous

thermal loads. Safety glasses do not protect the eye area or the face from chemical splashes.

Safety goggles do not protect against impact by a solid material. Face shields does not protect

against impact hazards. Lab coats do not protect against blood borne pathogen flammable

materials.

Personal Protective Equipment is one of major safety material use in a workplace. Using PPE

can prevent accident in the workplace that may happen during, before and after any task. The

researcher experiences the daily use of PPE as a SMAW student, using it during laboratory as

major requirement in their major subject. With this particular issue, the researcher decided to

Page | 2 A Quantitative Research on the Impact of Using Personal Protective Equipment to the Health of Technical Vocational Livelihood – Shielded
Metal Arc Welding Strand Senior High School Students in St. Francis National High School – School Year 2022-2023
conduct a study on the effectiveness of using PPE of SMAW students. This will be used as an

informative material on the positive and negative effect of using PPE not only for SMAW

student but also for others that requires that use of PPE.

Nowadays, welding is very popular it is very in demand not only in the Philippines but also in

other countries. But what is the use of being in demand if the welder doesn’t know how to

prevent possible harm or trouble in their work or simply the precautionary measures in

welding industry. As a welder we need to make sure that we are safe not just only for

ourselves but also for our loved ones. It is very important that we know the precautionary

measures to make sure that we can work well and safe.

According to Brown (1998) Arc welding is a safe process when sufficient are taken

to protect the welders from potential hazard and when proper operating practices are

followed. Laws (2017) There are several hazards central to welding that must be accounted

for in welders training, equipment, and set up for a job. This include electric shock, welding

fumes, fire and injuries that can be caused by wearing PPE that is not sufficient to protect

against the level of hazard encounter during the task. Most welding equipment has a voltage

that present a risk of electric shock .”the most common type of electric shock is secondary

voltage shock from an arc welding circuit , which ranges from 20 to 100 volts. Bear in mind

that even a shock of 50 volts or less can be enough to ensure or kill an operator, depending on

the condition”, an article OHS OH and S published three years ago pointed out.

Background and Overview of the Study

Saint Francis National High School is one of the barrio high school in Limay, Bataan

where it starts its operation in the year 2014. It offered 2 TVL Courses such as SMAW and

HE and 1 Academic Strand which is GAS. This qualifies and a much-suited place for

Page | 3 A Quantitative Research on the Impact of Using Personal Protective Equipment to the Health of Technical Vocational Livelihood – Shielded
Metal Arc Welding Strand Senior High School Students in St. Francis National High School – School Year 2022-2023
 conducting this study as it will tackle about the impact of using personal protective

equipment of Students.

The objectives of the researcher are to know the impact of using personal protective

equipment of SMAW Students. Also, to know the positive or negative impact of using

personal protective equipment. The researcher conducted the study in St. Francis National

High School on the 13th day of January, 2023. The purpose why the researcher did this

research is because the researcher are concern in the senior high school student’s

effectiveness of using personal protective equipment as they experience it as well.

Conceptual Framework

Impact of Using Personal Protective Equipment

to the Health of Technical Vocational Livelihood
– Shielded Metal Arc Welding Strand Senior
High School Students in St. Francis National
High School.

1. How may the profile of the respondents be

described in terms of: 1. Data gathering devices
1.1 Age;
1.1 Questionnaire
1.2 Sex; The researcher wants to know
1.3 Grade level; 1.2 Unstructured interview the Impact of Using Personal
1.4 Strand; and Protective Equipment to the
1.5 General Average (Previous Year)
Health of Technical Vocational
2. Data Analysis
2. What are the Impacts of Using Personal Livelihood – Shielded Metal Arc
Protective Equipment to the Health of the
2.1 Frequency Welding Strand Senior High
students? 2.2 Percetage School Students in St. Francis
2.1 Positive impacts National High School.
2.2 Negative impacts
2.3 Weighted mean
3. What factor does Using of Personal Protective 2.4 ANOVA
Equipment greatly affect the Health of Technical
Vocational Livelihood – Shielded Metal Arc
Welding Strand Senior High School Students in
St. Francis National High School?
4. Does St. Francis National High School have a
high rate of using Personal Protective
Equipment?

Table 1

Page | 4 A Quantitative Research on the Impact of Using Personal Protective Equipment to the Health of Technical Vocational Livelihood – Shielded
Metal Arc Welding Strand Senior High School Students in St. Francis National High School – School Year 2022-2023
 Paradigm of the study

Table 1 shows the conceptual framework of the study. The first column shows the input

of the process consists the Impacts of Using Personal Protective Equipment to the Health of

Technical Vocational Livelihood – Shielded Metal Arc Welding Strand Senior High School

Students which includes the respondents profile in terms of sex, age, grade level, strand,

general average. The Impacts of Using Personal Protective Equipment to the Health of the

students. The factor of Using of Personal Protective Equipment that greatly affects the Health

of Technical Vocational Livelihood – Shielded Metal Arc Welding Strand Senior High

School Students in St. Francis National High School.

The second column shows the process, the research will use Data gathering devices

such as interview. The third column is the output of the study wherein the gathered data will

be analyzed and interpreted to know the Impacts of Using Personal Protective Equipment to

the Health of Technical Vocational Livelihood – Shielded Metal Arc Welding Strand Senior

High School Students in St. Francis National High School

Hypothesis of the Study

To provide more in-depth analysis of this study and make the finding clearer, the

inquiry tests the hypothesis.

Alternative Hypothesis

There is a significant difference in the Impact of Using Personal Protective Equipment

to the Health of Technical Vocational Livelihood – Shielded Metal Arc Welding Strand

Senior High School Students in St. Francis National High School according to age, sex, grade

level, strand, and general average on previous year.

Page | 5 A Quantitative Research on the Impact of Using Personal Protective Equipment to the Health of Technical Vocational Livelihood – Shielded
Metal Arc Welding Strand Senior High School Students in St. Francis National High School – School Year 2022-2023
Null Hypothesis

There is no significant difference in the Impact of Using Personal Protective

Equipment to the Health of Technical Vocational Livelihood – Shielded Metal Arc Welding

Strand Senior High School Students in St. Francis National High School according to age,

sex, grade level, strand, and general average on previous year.

Statement of the Problem

General Problem

The purpose of this study is to know the Impact of Using Personal Protective

Equipment to the Health of Technical Vocational Livelihood – Shielded Metal Arc Welding

Strand Senior High School Students in St. Francis National High School.

Specific Problem

Specifically, the study sought answers to the following questions:

1. How may the profile of the respondents be described in terms of:

1.1 Age;

1.2 Sex;

1.3 Grade level;

1.4 Strand; and

1.5 General Average (Previous Year)

2. What are the Impacts of Using Personal Protective Equipment to the Health of the

students?

2.1 Positive impacts

Page | 6 A Quantitative Research on the Impact of Using Personal Protective Equipment to the Health of Technical Vocational Livelihood – Shielded
Metal Arc Welding Strand Senior High School Students in St. Francis National High School – School Year 2022-2023
 2.2 Negative impacts

3. What factor does Using of Personal Protective Equipment greatly affect the Health of

Technical Vocational Livelihood – Shielded Metal Arc Welding Strand Senior High School

Students in St. Francis National High School?

4. Does St. Francis National High School have a high rate of using Personal Protective

Equipment?

Significance of the Study

The significance of the study is to have an insight about the Impact of Using Personal

Protective Equipment to the Health of Technical Vocational Livelihood – Shielded Metal Arc

Welding Strand Senior High School Students in St. Francis National High School.

Specifically:

To the students: Becoming aware of the situation and knowing what to do about the Impact

of Using Personal Protective Equipment to the Health of Technical Vocational Livelihood –

Shielded Metal Arc Welding Strand Senior High School Students. The research will tackle

the Impact of Using Personal Protective Equipment to the Health of Technical Vocational

Livelihood – Shielded Metal Arc Welding Strand Senior High School Students and what they

can do to avoid being put in a similar situation. It will also create a much more enjoyable

environment for everyone, without fear or pressure.

To the Parents: Producing research that entails the Impact of Using Personal Protective

Equipment to the Health of Technical Vocational Livelihood – Shielded Metal Arc Welding

Strand Senior High School Students, parents can take precautionary measures to avoid such

mishaps.

Page | 7 A Quantitative Research on the Impact of Using Personal Protective Equipment to the Health of Technical Vocational Livelihood – Shielded
Metal Arc Welding Strand Senior High School Students in St. Francis National High School – School Year 2022-2023
To the School: The community can benefit off of this research because of information that

details about the Impact of Using Personal Protective Equipment to the Health of Technical

Vocational Livelihood – Shielded Metal Arc Welding Strand Senior High School Students.

Although there have been other researchers who have tackled the concept of the Impact of

Using Personal Protective Equipment to the Health of Technical Vocational Livelihood –

Shielded Metal Arc Welding Strand Senior High School Students, no data has been recorded

about the school of St. Francis National High School. It is similar to idea of different country

means different methods.

To the Researchers: The importance of this investigation to the researchers is very

substantial. The investigation will focus digitally, the researchers will examine and analyze

any information regarding the Impact of Using Personal Protective Equipment to the Health

of Technical Vocational Livelihood – Shielded Metal Arc Welding Strand Senior High

School Students to compile together a comprehensive study.

To the Future Researchers: May this investigation serve as an additional reference towards

the cases of the Impact of Using Personal Protective Equipment to the Health of Technical

Vocational Livelihood – Shielded Metal Arc Welding Strand Senior High School Students

within the school campus of St. Francis National High School. It aims to give comprehensive

research data to further expand the knowledge of those seeking an answer or solution related

to the Impact of Using Personal Protective Equipment to the Health of Technical Vocational

Livelihood – Shielded Metal Arc Welding Strand Senior High School Students. The

researchers hope that the investigation will be able to provide alternative insights in terms of

how the information will be concluded.

Scopes and Delimitations

Page | 8 A Quantitative Research on the Impact of Using Personal Protective Equipment to the Health of Technical Vocational Livelihood – Shielded
Metal Arc Welding Strand Senior High School Students in St. Francis National High School – School Year 2022-2023
 This study will involve the school of St. Francis National High School, specifically

the Technical Vocational Livelihood – Shielded Metal Arc Welding Strand Senior High

School Students of the senior high school department. The students across different grade

levels from grade 11 to grade 12 students are covered as respondents on this study. The

profiling information of the respondents covers the age where it ranges from adolescents, and

also sex was included to determine the disparity of the Impacts of Using Personal Protective

Equipment to Health between different genders.

This study aims to deepen the students knowledge on the research about the Impact of

Using Personal Protective Equipment to the Health of Technical Vocational Livelihood –

Shielded Metal Arc Welding Strand Senior High School Students in St. Francis National

High School.

Having random respondents will ensure that the data gathered will be non-bias and shall be

from an objective standpoint which in turn will be validated. It also allows for other possible

information that is related towards the subject in research to be included in the study to cover

a vast area for understanding.

Page | 9 A Quantitative Research on the Impact of Using Personal Protective Equipment to the Health of Technical Vocational Livelihood – Shielded
Metal Arc Welding Strand Senior High School Students in St. Francis National High School – School Year 2022-2023
 Definition of Terms

To fully comprehend the paper efficiently, the vocabulary listed below are considered

to be relevant with the study and has been operationally defined based on connotation.

Conceptual Definition

The terminologies are as follows:

Acute Health effects Health effects experienced as a result of exposure to

hazards during or immediately after work, or within a

period of two weeks after exposure to hazards at work.

Hazards a source of danger

Occupational Hazard Any activity, process or materials related to welding with

the potential to cause harm or adverse health effects on

people performing this task.

Personal Protective Equipment Devices (i.e. goggles, respirators/face masks, welding

helmets/shield, safety boots, fire resistant aprons, work

suit/coverall and insulated gloves), used to prevent or

reduce exposure of the welders to workplace hazards.

Precautionary measures is something that is done to prevent possible harm or

trouble from happening in the future.

Risk The probability of harm or an adverse health effect

occurring to a person exposed to a hazard.

Toxic pertaining to, effected with, or caused by toxin or poison:

a toxic condition

Page | 10 A Quantitative Research on the Impact of Using Personal Protective Equipment to the Health of Technical Vocational Livelihood – Shielded
Metal Arc Welding Strand Senior High School Students in St. Francis National High School – School Year 2022-2023
Welder Any person who performs welding processes including

apprentices.

Welding The process of joining metal pieces by means of molten

metal that is produced at the joint by heat, pressure or

both heat and pressure.

Penetrate The fog lights penetrate the mist

Theoretical Definition

The terminologies are as follows:

Acute Health effects Short-term exposure is called acute exposure. Long-term

exposure is called chronic exposure

Hazards a source or a situation with the potential for harm in terms

of human injury or ill-health, damage to property, damage

to the environment, or a combination of these.

Occupational Hazard any workplace condition that causes a risk to employee

health.

Personal Protective Equipment equipment worn to minimize exposure to hazards that

cause serious workplace injuries.

Precautionary measures a protection mechanism of the Inter-American

Commission on Hu- man Rights (IACHR), through which

a State is requested to protect one or more persons facing

a serious and urgent situation that presents a risk of

irreparable harm to their rights.

Risk a situation involving exposure to danger.

Page | 11 A Quantitative Research on the Impact of Using Personal Protective Equipment to the Health of Technical Vocational Livelihood – Shielded
Metal Arc Welding Strand Senior High School Students in St. Francis National High School – School Year 2022-2023
Toxic pertaining to, effected with, or caused by toxin or poison:

a toxic condition

Welder anyone, amateur or professional, who uses welding

equipment, perhaps especially one who uses such

equipment fairly often.

Welding a fabrication process that joins materials, usually metals

or thermoplastics, by using high heat to melt the parts

together.

Penetrate to pierce or pass into or through: the bullet penetrate the

wall.

Notes on Chapter I

Book Sources

Wisconsin DHS Personal Protective Equipment (2020). Infection Control and Prevention -

Personal Protective Equipment (PPE). Retrieved from

https://www.dhs.wisconsin.gov/ic/ppe.htm

Healthy Working Lives (2020). Personal Protective Equipment (PPE). Retrieved from

https://www.healthyworkinglives.scot/workplace-guidance/safety/personal-protective-

equipment/Pages/types-of-ppe.aspx

Internet Sources

Impact of personal protective equipment on safety and health. Retrieved from

https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0377123721001969#!

Page | 12 A Quantitative Research on the Impact of Using Personal Protective Equipment to the Health of Technical Vocational Livelihood – Shielded
Metal Arc Welding Strand Senior High School Students in St. Francis National High School – School Year 2022-2023