QUESTIONS RATIONALE
The process of formation and development Hematopoiesis is a continuous, regulated process of
of blood cells is termed: blood cell production that includes cell renewal,
proliferation, differentiation, and maturation. These
a. Hematopoiesis processes result in the formation, development, and
b. Hematemesis specialization of all of the functional blood cells that are
c. Hematocytometry released from the bone marrow to the circulation.
d. Hematorrhea
REFERENCE: Rodaks Hematology, 5E (2016), page 76.
Physiologic programmed cell death is Apoptosis refers to programmed cell death, a normal
termed: physiologic process that eliminates unwanted,
abnormal, or harmful cells. Apoptosis differs from
a. Angiogenesis necrosis, which is accidental death from trauma
b. Apoptosis (Chapter 6). When cells do not receive the appropriate
c. Aneurysm cytokines necessary to prevent cell death, apoptosis is
d. Apohematics initiated. In some disease states, apoptosis is “turned
on,” which results in early cell death, whereas in other
states apoptosis is inhibited, which allows uncontrolled
proliferation of cells.
REFERENCE: Rodaks Hematology, 5E (2016), page 89.
Appropriate bone marrow aspiration sites A specimen from a hematopoietically active area of the
in an adult are the: skeleton is needed (Fig. 2.9). Appropriate sites in an
adult include the posterior iliac crest (preferred site),
a. anterior and posterior iliac crest anterior iliac crest, and sternum. The tibia may be used
b. sternum and posterior iliac crest in infants younger than 18 months of age.
c. tibia and sternum
d. both A and B REFERENCE: Turgeon (2012)- Clinical Hematology
Theory and Procedures, 5E, page 43.
During the second trimester of fetal The liver serves as the major site of blood cell
development, the primary site of blood cell production during the second trimester of fetal
production is the: development. In adults, the hepatocytes of the liver
have many functions, including protein synthesis and
a. Bone marrow degradation, coagulation factor synthesis, carbohydrate
b. Spleen and lipid metabolism, drug and toxin clearance, iron
c. Lymph nodes recycling and storage, and hemoglobin degradation in
d. Liver which bilirubin is conjugated and transported to the
small intestine for eventual excretion.
The spleen is the largest lymphoid organ in the body. It
is located directly beneath the diaphragm behind the
fundus of the stomach in the upper left quadrant of the
abdomen.
To understand the role of the thymus in adults, certain
formative intrauterine processes that affect function
must be considered.
Bone marrow, one of the largest organs in the body, is
the tissue located within the cavities of the cortical
bones. Resorption of cartilage and endosteal bone
creates a central space within the bone.
REFERENCE: Rodaks Hematology, 5E (2016), pages, 78-
83.
Which one of the following organs is In adults, T cell progenitors migrate to the thymus from
responsible for the maturation of T the bone marrow for further maturation. The cortex is
lymphocytes and regulation of their characterized by a blood supply system that is unique in
expression of CD4 and CD8? that it consists only of capillaries. Its function seems to
be that of a “waiting zone” densely populated with
a. Spleen progenitor T cells. When these progenitor T cells
b. Liver migrate from the bone marrow and first enter the
c. Thymus thymus, they have no identifiable CD4 and CD8 surface
d. Bone marrow markers (double negative), and they locate to the
corticomedullary junction. Under the influence of
chemokines, cytokines, and receptors, these cells move
to the cortex and express both CD4 and CD8 (double
positive). Subsequently they give rise to mature T cells
that express either CD4 or CD8 surface antigen as they
move toward the medulla.45
Eventually, the mature T cells leave the thymus to
populate specific regions of other lymphoid tissue, such
as the T cell-dependent areas of the spleen, lymph
nodes, and other lymphoid tissues.
REFERENCE: Rodaks Hematology, 5E (2016), pages, 83-
84.
The normal sequence of blood cell
development is
a. yolk sac—red bone marrow—liver
and spleen
b. yolk sac—thymus—liver and
spleen—red bone
c. marrow
d. yolk sac—liver and spleen—red
bone marrow
e. liver and spleen—yolk sac—red
REFERENCE: Turgeon (2012)- Clinical Hematology
bone marrow
Theory and Procedures, 5E, page 74.
The chromatin pattern, in most cells, as the
cell matures
a. becomes more clumped
b. becomes less clumped
c. remains the same
d. Nothing happens
REFERENCE: Turgeon (2012)- Clinical Hematology
Theory and Procedures, 5E, page 86.
As a blood cell matures, the ratio of The size of the nucleus generally decreases as a cell
nucleus to cytoplasm (N:C) in most cases matures. Consequently, the N:C ratio decreases in many
cell types with maturation. Blast forms of erythrocytes,
a. increases leukocytes, and megakaryocytes have a high (4:1) N:C
b. decreases ratio.
c. remains the same
d. nothing happens REFERENCE: Turgeon (2012)- Clinical Hematology
Theory and Procedures, 5E, page 83.
Hematopoietic stem cells produce all HSCs are historically the most thoroughly characterized
lineages of blood cells in sufficient type of adult stem cell. HSCs are functionally defined at
quantities over the lifetime of an individual the single-cell level by their dual capacity for self-
because they: renewal and multipotential differentiation. Signaling
pathways are important control devices of HSC fate.
a. Are unipotent
b. Have the ability of self-renewal
and multipotential differentiation.
c. Are present in large numbers in
the bone marrow niches
d. Have a low mitotic potential in REFERENCE: Turgeon (2012)- Clinical Hematology
response to growth factors Theory and Procedures, 5E, page 73.
These cells are present several days after Functionally, three types of human stem cells exist:
fertilization. __________ can develop into
any cell type, except they cannot develop 1. Totipotential stem cells. These cells are present in the
into a fetus. first few hours after an ovum is fertilized. Totipotential
stem cells, the most versatile type of stem cell, can
a. Totipotential Stem sells develop into any human cell type, including
b. Pluripotential Stem cells development from embryo into fetus.
c. Multipotential Stem cells
d. Unipotential Stem cells 2. Pluripotential stem cells. These cells are present
several days after fertilization. Pluripotent stem cells
can develop into any cell type, except they cannot
develop into a fetus.
3. Multipotential stem cells. These cells are derived
from pluripotent stem cells. They can be found in
adults, but they are limited to specific types of cells to
form tissues. For example, bone marrow stem cells can
produce all types of blood cells, bone cartilage, and
adipose (fat) cells.
REFERENCE: Turgeon (2012)- Clinical Hematology
Theory and Procedures, 5E, page 73.
