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Chapter 2 REVISED

The document reviews related literature and studies on factors that influence career choice. Some key influences discussed include: - Having clear career goals helps provide direction and maintain motivation during the educational process. - External factors like environment, interests, educational performance, and socioeconomic status can impact career decisions for both boys and girls. - Thorough career exploration and research before committing to a field can increase future career success and satisfaction. - Cultural and social influences like family, role models, and financial obligations also shape an individual's career choices.

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Jacqueline Acera Balingit
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239 views6 pages

Chapter 2 REVISED

The document reviews related literature and studies on factors that influence career choice. Some key influences discussed include: - Having clear career goals helps provide direction and maintain motivation during the educational process. - External factors like environment, interests, educational performance, and socioeconomic status can impact career decisions for both boys and girls. - Thorough career exploration and research before committing to a field can increase future career success and satisfaction. - Cultural and social influences like family, role models, and financial obligations also shape an individual's career choices.

Uploaded by

Jacqueline Acera Balingit
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Chapter 2

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES

Related Literature

Foreign

Choosing a career may be a difficult and sometimes an unpredictable process, but


it is mainly seen from one perspective. We can find a lot of article that give advice on
how to make the best decision, but we do not know exactly the final result: what made
a person choose a college over another one. So, a college can also be seen as a
product. It is important to know the candidate’s expectation and to determine his/ her
motivation. Many would say that the main influence is the passion for a particular
field, but there are few who know exactly what they want to become when they
Graduate High School which lead us to thinking that there are significant motives.
Having career goals helps provide direction and focuses your attention on
attainable outcomes of the educational process. Knowing where you are going with
your academic program, in terms of clear goals, helps stimulate and maintain
motivation. Decision which involve the choice of careers are equally stressful for
boys and girls completing high school and proceeding to college. Issa and Nualo
(2008), they have to weigh their options according to the environment in which they
live, their interest and their educational performance. Hower- Dempsey and Sadler
(2000) assert that a well- read person has more information related to career choice,
and reads more to make crucial decision. Thus their decisions are likely to be correct
and wise.
Choosing is an extremely important decision that impacts on individual’s future.
Career exploration is defined to the extent to which possible careers are researched
and considered. Research by (Marvin 2009) has suggested that exploring career
options before committing to a career increase future career success and satisfaction.
Thus variables that influence career exploration in adolescents should be identified
and acknowledge. Today, one has not only to make due career planning but also
exhaustive career research before making a career choice. Most often, choosing the
right subject combination leading to the right profession can make the difference
between enjoying and detesting the career in the future
Local
Many students who are studying in the upper secondary schools will enter
college without visualizing their talents, gifts, abilities and strengths. They cannot see
where they are going to or what they want to become. They randomly follow life or
career paths that seem interesting for the moment but for which they may be ill –
suited and run into repeated dead ends. Making a career is a defying phase in every
student’s life. Students have to consider several factors before arriving at a decision, it
is also examined whether students choose their fields forcefully, make compromises
or make decisions which are independent and without external pressures.
There are a lot of theories to consider in the relatively new field of career
development. As you read through the factors below you’ll see that many related
theories address some of the same issues. Considering your skills and abilities and
how they may fit a particular occupation comes out of one of the earliest career
development fields. You can identify activities you enjoy and those in which you have
a level of competency though a formal assessment. Holland’s Career Typology is a
widely used to connect personality types and career fields. This theory establishes a
classification system that matches personality characteristics and personal preferences
to job characteristics.
Our life roles are yet strong factors that influences our career choices. Your role
as a child, as a sister, a student and eventually if you choose it, that of a parent would
have an impact in decisions that you would have to make as an adult. Donald Super, a
career development theorist believes that since we play an array of roles in our lives,
these roles are likely to change over time thus requirements, needs and external
factors would come into play then we are trying to figure out or maintain a career.
Krumboltz’s Social Learning and Planned Happenstance theories address factors
related to our experience with others and in previous work situations. Having positive
experiences and role models working in specific careers may influence the set of
career we consider as options for ourselves.
Our race and ethnicity could also impact our choices. Racial and ethnic
background as well as the culture of an individual’s regional area, local community,
and extended family may impact career decisions. Our culture often shapes our values
and expectations as they relate to decisions, having an awareness of the values and
expectations of our culture may help us understand how we make our career choices.
All of our career choices take place within the context of society and the
economy. Events that take place in our lives may affect the choices available to us and
even dictate our choices to a certain degree. Changes in the economy and resulting job
market may also affect how our careers develop. Our choice of career is contingent to
our capabilities to sustain the monetary demands of pursuing formal education to train
for it. Also, our financial obligations and roles likewise determine the kind of
occupation we would be pursuing in order to fulfill this duties. Furthermore, certain
life events can also influence our career choices. The unpredictability of these events
may cause us to make certain concessions in order to meet the demands brought about
by these changes.
Childhood Fantasies, What do you want when you grow up? You may remember
this question from your childhood, and it may have helped shape how you thought
about careers then, as well as later in life. Career counseling theories are expanding as
programs related to career choice are developed for all ages including the very young.
It’s important to understand that career choice is not made based on any one factor.
Our choices are subject to many influences-individual, cultural, social and
environmental. The combination and interaction of various influences on your
decision-making are unique to you and your situation.

Related Studies

Foreign

Making a career choice is a defying phase in every student’s life. Students have to
consider several factors before arriving at a decision, it is also examined whether
students choose their field forcefully, make comprises or make decisions which are
independent and without external pressures ( Kazi and Akhlaq 2017).Choosing a
career or certain profession must be carefully planned and should be based on
individual’s interest and preference. Graduating students from secondary schools may
not have solid decision on where to go in college and what degree program they may
possibly take.
They are planning to enter college without clear idea of what career to pursue for
their future. They may sometime consider the people and information they received
within their environment. However there are instances that parents will decide or
influence their child according to their preference or in other case influenced by
counseling and training opportunities. Parents and Teachers were “Very Much”
influential compared to other variables.
According to Ahmed, Sharif and Ahmad (2017) these factors are eventually all
guide to the awareness that career choice is not a lineal process but it has factors that
are influential in terms of making future plans and those factors themselves are
influenced by the surroundings, external environment, country, situation, family
orientation and personal interest. In their study the career of students is also
influenced by the level of their social class, financial resources, affordability and
future employability.
Once potential careers are established, students should go back up to the majors
that feed to these careers and research colleges that are respected in those fields.
Sometimes it’s one major-as is the case with teaching or engineering-but often there
are several options that feed into a given career. On the college -bound journey, career
needs to be forefront of each student’s choice of major. Choosing career first is
actually an investment in college savings, since knowing upfront where your degree
path will take you can save a lot of time and money.

Local

Career choice refers to the act of choosing a profession for which to train and
undertake as a permanent calling. It is operationally defined as the preference of an
individual in which he chooses a course that will bring him to his future stability.
There are several factors that may affect the decision of a student in choosing a
career. The decision of good career choice and school sometimes depend on the way
how students perceive the world and their future. Some of them may not have enough
knowledge and consciousness about how they should process information from
social,economical, political, spiritual and environmental aspects of putting context
and realization of having a successful profession. Pafili and Mylonakis (2011)
emphasized that in coming up with right decision of what profession to take, students
can properly utilize their skills and knowledge to gain proper experience who could
contribute to the development and welfare of the society.
The lack of career information that could help students make rational decisions
was found to be the foremost reason for unemployment, job mismatch, and
underemployment. Moreover, parents tend to influence their children with their own
deeply ingrained prejudice about what they perceive to be low status and high status
occupation/ professions.
The process of choosing a career takes a long period of time for some people.
Typically, it requires thinking and serious consideration of several factors. Some
students tend to base their career choice on the result of the aptitude tests and interest
tests administered to them while others’ choices are based on their parent’s
preferences, peer influence, role models and the chance of working abroad.
Career choices of most of the students are influenced by numerous factors like
outcome expectancies, individual variants such as sex, personal interests, learning
experiences, environmental factors and personal contacts. Individuals’ career success
can be best realized if the right career choice suited to his ability, personality,
background and intellect serves as his guide in choosing the course he has to take in
tertiary education. Experiencing the career suited to students by integrating career
plan with the curriculum help students make good decisions in what course to take in
college. Every individual tend to choose a career that is reflective of his personality.
Because people tend to be attracted to certain jobs, the environment then reflects this
personality. In this study, majority of the respondents.
Many students who are studying in the upper secondary schools will enter college
without visualizing their talents, gifts, abilities and strengths. They cannot see where
they are going to or what they want to become. They randomly follow life or career
paths that seem interesting for the moment but for which they may be ill – suited and
run into repeated dead ends.
It’s important to understand that career choice is not made based on any one
factor. Our choices are subject to many influences-individual, cultural, social and
environmental. The combination and interaction of various influences on your
decision-making are unique to you and your situation. There may also be multiple
options, several ‘’good fits’’ for you instead a single, right choice. Keep in mind that
as you change, learning and experiencing new things, and external factors change,
such as the economy, you will continue to revise and fine-tune your career choices.
References
Braza, M.S and Guillo, R. M. (November 2015) Socio- Demographic Characteristics
and Career Choice of Private Secondary School Students. Asia Pacific Journal of
Multidisciplinary Research.pp.79-84. Retrieved from www. Apjmr.com

Su, M., Chang, T.Wu, L. and Liao, C. (2017) Factors affecting the student Career
Decision Making of Junior High- School Students in Central Taiwan Area.
DOI:107763

Miemeri, J. (2017) Factors Influencing the choice of career pathway among Students
in Midlands Province, Zimbabwe. 17-79.

Kazi, A.S., and Akhlaq, A. (2017). Factors affecting students career choice. Research
and Reflection in Education, pp.187-196.

Ahmed, K.A., Sharif, N., and Ahmad, N. (2017). Factors influencing student’s career
Choices. Empirical evidence from Business students, pp. 3-15. DOI:
10.5171-
2017.718849.
Fernandez, B., et.al. (2016) Personal Development (1st Edition) South Triangle
Quezon
City: Sunshine Interlinks Publishing House, Inc.

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