Lab

Digital Logic Design Report

Zainul Abideen
SUBMITTED BY
Bilal Khan
Umair Farid
21PWCSE2022
REG. NO
21PWCSE2048

SUBMITTED TO Engr. Rehmat Ullah Khattak

DCSE, SECTION C
UET, PESHAWAR

1
2022
 Study of basic Logic Gates

 Introduction:
In this lab we will learn different types of IC’s. These IC’s
contains logic gates (TTL Family). We have 6 different IC’s in this lab though
everyone of them shows different behavior with respect to input type. The IC’s
are (74LS00(NAND)) having 4 gates, (74LS02(NOR)) reverse gate IC having
4 gates, (74LS04(Not)) having 6 gates, (74LS08(AND)) having 4 gates,
(74LS32(OR)) having 4 gates and the last one (74LS86(XOR)) having 4 gates.
We have used 5v power supply and supplied 5v to VCC of every IC because
all TTL family IC’s are designed to operate on 5v.

 Objectives of lab:
 To be Familiar with different logic gates showing different behavior with
different inputs.
 Verify each truth table for all integrated circuits.
 Design circuit on breadboard and troubleshoot problems.
 Verify all the logic gates with LED’s.

 Apparatus:
 Bread Board (For prototyping electronic circuits)
 Digital Multi meter (To measure the output)
 IC’s (74LS00,74LS7402, 74LS7404, 74LS7408, 74LS7432, 74LS7486)
 Wires and Jumpers (To make the circuit)
 Power Supply (To supply 5V P.D).

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 Logic Gates:
A logic gate is an elementary building block of
a digital circuit. Most logic gates have two inputs and one output. In most logic
gates, the low state is approximately zero volts (0v), while the high state is
approximately five volts positive (+5 V).
There are seven basic logic gates: NAND, NOR, NOT, AND, OR, XOR & XNOR.

 NAND Gate:
In digital electronics, a NAND gate (NOT-AND) is a logic gate its
output is complement to that of an AND gate. A LOW (0) output results only if all
the inputs to the gate are HIGH (1).

In Output
put
s
AB C= A . B
0 0 1
0 1 1
1 0 1
1 1 0
 AND Gate:
The AND gate is a
basic digital logic gate, a HIGH
output (1) results only if all the

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 inputs to the AND gate are HIGH (1). If none or not all inputs to the AND gate are
HIGH, a LOW output results

Inputs Output
 NOT Gate:
A B C=A.B In digital logic, an inverter or
0 0 0 NOT gate is a basic logic gate, which inverts
all its inputs, means it changes a HIGH(1)
0 1 0 input to a LOW(0) output and a
1 0 0 LOW(0) input to a HIGH(1)
output.
1 1 1
I Outputs
n
p
ut
s
A A

0 1

1 0

 OR Gate:
The OR gate is a digital logic gate, a HIGH output (1) results if one or
both the inputs to the gate are HIGH (1). If neither input is high, a LOW output (0)
results.
Inputs Output
A B C=A+B
0 0 0
0 1 1
1 0 1
1 1 1

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 NOR Gate:
The NOR gate is a digital logic gate, a HIGH output (1) results if
both the inputs to the gate are LOW (0); if one or both input is HIGH (1), a LOW
output (0) results. NOR is the result of the negation of the OR operator.

In Output
put
s
AB C= A+ B
0 0 1
0 1 0
1 0 0
1 1 0

 XOR Gate:
The XOR gate is a digital logic gate that gives a true (1 or HIGH)
output when the number of true inputs is odd. A true output results if one, and only
one, of the inputs to the gate is true. If both inputs are false (0/LOW) or both are
true, a false output results.

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 In Output
put
s
AB C= A B+A B

0 0 0

0 1 1

1 0 1

1 1 0

 Circuit Implementation:
 Wiring Diagram:
 Logic Diagram:

 Procedure:

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1. Take different IC’s of same family but different gates and place it on bread
board with center line on breadboard.
2. We had used DIP switch in our experiment, which allows and stop the current
towards the IC’s.
3. Take power supply & connect the wires to the DIP switch in the breadboard by
introducing 1K resistors to each DIP switch pin.
4. Then we took the inputs from DIP switches towards each gate.
5. Now give VCC +5v to each pin of DIP switch in bread-board & GND at the
other side.
6. Connect the LED’s to the gates output and GND pins, i.e one probe is
connected with the output of gate and its other probe is connected with the
ground or low voltage in the bread-board.
7. Now connect all the wires with IC gates each IC contains 4 gates except Not
gate which has 6 gates in a single IC.
8. Power on the supply and check the outputs through LED’s.
9. Now verify all the truth table by entering different input values through switch
(ON/OFF).
10.All the IC’s shows different behavior on different input values of voltages
working on binary numbers of High (1) & Low (0) values.

 Review Questions:
1. A burglar alarm for a car has a normally LOW (grounded) switch on
each of four doors. If any door is opened, the output of that switch goes
HIGH. The alarm is set off with an active LOW output . What type of
gate will provide this logic?
Solution: We will use NOR gate or using OR gate by letting one input
high, which will give us a high output and inverting it and it will give
us an active low.

 Logic Diagram & Truth Table:

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 d

ABCDF F

0 0 0 0 0 1
0 0 0 1 1 0
0 0 1 0 1 0
0 0 1 1 1 0
0 1 0 0 1 0
0 1 0 1 1 0
0 1 1 0 1 0
0 1 1 1 1 0
1 0 0 0 1 0
1 0 0 1 1 0
1 0 1 0 1 0
1 0 1 1 1 0
1 1 0 0 1 0
1 1 0 1 1 0
1 1 1 0 1 0
1 1 1 1 1 0
2. If more than two input AND & OR gates are available, how will you
connect its inputs so that they work as two input gates? Perform it for
three and four input AND & OR gates.
 Logic Diagram:

Four Input OR gate Three Input OR gate

Four Input AND gate Three Input AND gate

 Conclusion:

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 In this lab we learned that how to use DIP switch on a
bread board, how to design electric circuits using different gates, power supply
and resistance, A.C voltage etc.

Through our experiment we verified all the truth table of all the basic logical
gates taking inputs from DIP switch to all the gates and its output will be shown
through LED.

We can troubleshoot a small circuit problem regarding design.