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Notes On Acronyms

This document defines many common computer science terms and acronyms across several categories including basic computer components, memory types, networking terms, file types and programming languages. It provides definitions for terms like bit, byte, operating system, CPU, RAM, ROM, modem, URL, HTML, file extensions for images, documents and more. Programming languages defined include BASIC, Fortran, and SQL.

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Jason Op
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438 views

Notes On Acronyms

This document defines many common computer science terms and acronyms across several categories including basic computer components, memory types, networking terms, file types and programming languages. It provides definitions for terms like bit, byte, operating system, CPU, RAM, ROM, modem, URL, HTML, file extensions for images, documents and more. Programming languages defined include BASIC, Fortran, and SQL.

Uploaded by

Jason Op
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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COMPUTER terminology

Here are some of the key words / acronyms you need


to know:

 bit – Binary Digit (1 / 0)


 byte – group of 8 bits
 OS – Operating System
 USB – Universal Serial Bus
 IT – Information Technology
 ICT - Information & Communication Technology
 DOS – Disk Operating System
 NOS – Network Operating System
 AGP – Advanced/accelerated Graphics Port
 WORM – Write Once Read Many
 Hardcopy – printout on paper
 Softcopy – printout on screen / file saved on disk
 CPU – Central Processing Unit
 PC – Personal Computer
 PDA – Personal Digital Assistant
 GUI – Graphics User Interface
Enables the clicking of icons
 ASCII – American Standard Code for
Information Interchange.
 PCI – Peripheral Component Interconnect.
 ISA – Industry Standard Architecture
 OOP – Object Orientated Programming
 RAD – Rapid Application Design / Development
 MHz – MegaHertz
 gigo – Garbage In Garbage Out
 crt – Cathode Ray Tube
 DTP – Desk Top Publishing
 CAD – Computer Aided Design
 CAM – Computer Aided Manufacturing
 CAI – Computer Aided Instruction
 SOHO – Small Office Home Office
 VGA – Video Graphics Array
 SVGA – Super Video Graphics Array

Types of Primary memory


 ROM – Read Only Memory
(permanent / non-volatile)
 RAM – Random Access Memory

Types of Secondary Memory


 CD-ROM – Compact Disk – Read Only Memory
 stiffy
 DVD – Digital Versatile / Video Disk
 HDD – Hard Disk Drive
 MB - MegaBytes
 HD – High Density (1.44 MB)
 DD – Double Density (720 KB or 0.720MB))
 IDE – Integrated / Intelligent Drive Electronics
 SCSI – Small Computer Systems Interface

regarding the Internet / Networks:


 modem – Modulator Demodulator
 URL – Uniform Resource Locator
The unique address of each web page.
 IRC – Internet Relay Chat
 ISP – Internet Service Provider
 www – world wide web
 LAN – Local Area Network
(network set up in a single building / campus)
 MAN – Metropolitan Area Network
(network covering an entire city)
 WAN – Wide Area Network
(network spread over a wide area such as over
provinces or within a whole country)
 GAN – Global Area Network
(network covering several countries / continents
eg Internet)
 Node: describes any device connected to a
network ( eg a computer or a printer)
 NIC – Network Interface Card
 E-mail: electronic mail
 E-commerce: electronic business
 Netiquette: refers to the use of good manners
when using the Net
 Protocol: means the RULES pertaining to
something
 IP – Internet Protocol
 http – hyper text transfer protocol
 FTP – File transfer protocol
 HTML – Hyper Text Mark-up Language (an
authoring language used to create documents on
the web)

FILE TYPES
 Executable Files:
.exe (execute)
.com (command)
 Examples of Graphics files:
.jpg (pronounced JPEG)
– Joint Photographics Experts Group
.bmp (bit mapped)
.gif (Graphical Interchange Format)
.mpg (Motion Picture Group)
 Word-processing package: MS-WORD (.doc)
 Spreadsheet package: MS-EXCEL(.xls)
 Database: MS-ACCESS (.mdb)

Programming Languages:
 High level language – programming in words
 Low level language – programming in machine code
 GL – Generation Language
 BASIC – Beginners All-Purpose Symbolic
Instruction Code
 Fortran – Formula Translator
 SQL – Structured Query Language

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