Republic of the Philippines

Province of Cotabato
MUNICIPALITY OF MAKILALA
MAKILALA INSTITUTE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY

Agriculture Department
Bachelor of Science in Agriculture

Course Number : NATSCI-1 Instructor : JHUNNTY C. LOZANO, LPT-BIO

Course Title : Organic Chemistry Mobile # : 09078161996
Credits : 3 units Email Add : [email protected]
Module # :2
Duration : 2 Weeks
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I. LEARNING OUTCOMES:

At the end of the lesson, the students should be able to:

1. identify common laboratory apparatuses,
2. enumerate laboratory apparatuses and give their uses and the materials they
are made of,
3. explain why we need to take good care of the laboratory apparatuses, and
4. enumerate safety rules in the laboratory.

II. TOPIC : Common Laboratory Apparatuses

III. REFERRENCES
Intro to General, Organic and Biochemistry 11th Edition, Frederick A Bettelhiem,
William H. Brown, Mary K. Campbell, Shawn O. Farrell, Omar Torres.

IV. COURSE CONTENT

INTRODUCTION

In the previous module, you have learned the importance of chemistry in daily life, the
definition of chemistry, branches of Chemistry, role of Chemistry in Society, the beginning of
Chemistry, and tasks of a Chemist. In This module you will learn the common laboratory
apparatuses, the uses of common laboratory apparatuses, the safety rules in the laboratory and
how the apparatuses are made.

In performing an activity or experiment, you need to use certain materials designed for
specific uses. If any of these is not available in the laboratory, you can use your creativity in
producing or improvising for the apparatuses.

COMMON LABORATORY APPARATUSES

 Thermometer—used to measure temperature.

 Tong — used to grasp hot materials such as evaporating dish and wire gauze.
 Graduated cylinder—used to measure the exact volume of liquids.
 Mortar and Pestle — used in grinding or pulverizing solid substances.
 Burner — used as a source of heat and light.
 Funnel—used to avoid spillage of liguid substances while transferring it from a wide-
mouthed to a narrow-mouthed container.
 Iron stand — used to support apparatuses.
 Erlenmeyer flask —used as a liquid container.
 Volumetric flask—used to measure the exact amount of liguid.
 Test tube — used as a reaction vessel from small amounts of materials. It is also used for
storage of small amounts of substances.
 Test tube brush — used to clean the test tube.
 Wire gauze—used to prevent direct heat from heat-resistant glasses and ceramics, such as
beakers and evaporating dishes.
  Crucible and Cover - used to hold substances to be ignited.
 Watch glass — used to hold substances being observed.
 Cork — used to cover laboratory apparatuses with small openings such as test tubes,
erlenmeyer and florence flasks.
 Evaporating dish— used to contain liquid substances to be evaporated.
 Spatula— used to transfer and scoop powdered substances.
 Stirring rod— used to stir substances.
 Beaker—used primarily as container of substances. It is also used to measure approximate
volume of liquids, as reaction vessel, or as container of substances to be heated.
 Buret clamp— used to hold acids and base burets.
 Alcohol lamp— used as a source of heat and light.
 Triangular clay —used to hold crucible and cover during ignition.
 Test tube holder — used to grasp test tubes during experiments.
 Iron ring-- used to hold wire gauze during heating.
 Medicine dropper — used to measure small volumes of liquid substances.
 Balance- used for measuring mass.
 Beaker Tongs- used to pick up beakers.
 Bunsen Burner- frequently used as a heat source in the absence of flammable materials.
 Buret- used for dispensing an accurate volume of a liquid.
 Crucible Tongs- used to hold crucibles.
 Ring Clamp- used with a ring stand to hold glassware, such as a beaker or a funnel.
 Pipet Bulb- used to draw liquids into a pipe.
 Forceps- used to pick up or hold small objects.
 Striker- used to light a Bunsen burner.
 Test Tube Clamp- used to hold a test tube, particularly when hot.
 Utility Clamp- used to secure glassware to a ring stand.
 Volumetric Pipet- used to measure small amounts of liquid very accurately. Never pipet by
mouth! Use pipetting aids.
 Wash Bottle- used to rinse pieces of glassware and to add small quantities of water.
 Safety Goggles- used to protect our eyes away from chemicals.
 Latex Gloves- used when there is possibility of corrosive chemicals spilling onto your hands.
 Lab Apron- used to prevent injury in case of spills or splashes.
 Florence flask- used to hold liquids and can be easily swirled and heated. It can easily be
capped by rubber or glass stoppers.

SAFETY RULES IN THE LABORATORY

Chemistry is fascinating experimental science. However, the chemical laboratory poses

hazards that can be prevented when the following safety rules are observed.

When you are in the laboratory:

1. Place your bag or any other belonging in an assigned place in the room to avoid
crowding while you are doing any laboratory work.
2. Follow instructions and learn the safety symbols.
3. Chemicals, equipment, gas taps or electrical sockets are to be used only when specified.
4. Eating or drinking while doing laboratory experiments is prohibited.
5. Test tubes being heated should never be pointed at anyone.
6. Perform only authorized experiments.
7. Do not touch the chemicals with your bare hands.
8. Replace caps of re-agent bottles immediately after getting the chemicals.
9. Consult your teacher whenever necessary.
10. Report all injuries or any spill of toxic chemicals to your teacher.

When you have finished your work:

1. Turn off and unplug all electrical connections.

2. Dispose wastes in their respective containers.
3. Clean all equipment used.
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 4. Return all equipment used to their proper places.
5. Clean your workplace before you leave the laboratory.

Here are some tips on the proper and safe use of test tubes in the laboratory:

 Do not fill more than two-thirds of the tube to avoid spillage during mixing or when heating
a liquid until it boils.
 Use test tubes of the appropriate volume in performing experiments. Small test tubes have
16 mL capacity, while large ones have 25 mL capacity.
 To smell the odor of a substance in a test tube, do not place the tube directly under your
nose. Instead, place the mouth of the tube a few centimeters below your nose. Then using
your free hand, make a wafting motion from the mouth of the tube toward your nose.
 To mix the contents of a test tube, hold the middle part of the test tube and shake it.
 When mixing the contents of a test tube that is expected to produce heat or
effervescence (release of gas bubbles), use a test tube holder.
 To heat the test tube, hold it over the flame with a test tube holder.
 When mixing or heating liquid samples in a test tube or dissolving a small solid in liquid, tilt
the test tube 45° away from your face. Do not point the open end at anybody.
 When heating liquids in a test tube (as well as any other glassware), be sure not to let the
liquid completely evaporate. The heat absorbed by the container may cause it to break.
 Place the test tubes in a test tube rack when carrying out several test tube reactions for a
longer period.

The following are some safety measures in handling beakers:

 Use a stirring rod when mixing liquids or solids to ensure a uniform mixture. Be careful in
mixing them because some chemical reactions produce heat.
 Use a wire gauze to support the beaker over the flame when heating the contents of the
beaker.
 Use a magnetic stirrer to mix the contents of a beaker heated on a hot plate.

In order to ensure proper and safe use of a burette, you need to take note of the following;

 Before using a burette, drain out all its contents, and then rinse it with a clear detergent
solution. Rinse it again several times with tap water afterward and finally with distilled
water.
 To check the flow of the titrant, test for leakage and the proper lubrication of the
stopcock.
 Rinse the burette with about 10 mL of the titrant. Fill the burette with the titrant using a
funnel to avoid spillage and waste.
 Make sure that the tip of the burette is completely filled with the titrant and that the walls
and the connector or tip are free of air bubbles. Furthermore, make sure that no drop is left
hanging from the burette tip, either before or after delivering liquid.
 Clamp the burette properly onto an iron stand.

You should observe the following precautionary measures when using the Bunsen burner:

 Prepare the lighted match before turning on the gas supply. The gas fuel easily dissipates
into the surrounding air and gives off a characteristic smell. When present in big amounts,
this gas is toxic and causes dizziness or nausea. Furthermore, in a contained area, an
explosion may occur when the match is finally lighted.
 In some instances, when the gas supply to the burner is increased, the flame disappears or
detaches itself from the burner tip. This means that the gas flow is greater and needs to be
cut down.

The following guidelines should be observed when using a laboratory thermometer:

 Do not use a thermometer for stirring.

 Do not place a thermometer where it is likely to roll off a table.
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  Do not put the laboratory thermometer in the container of the substance that you are to
observe for a long time. Put in the thermometer only when you are ready to record the
temperature.
 In measuring the temperature of a sample, be sure that the thermometer bulb is totally
immersed in the liquid. However, do not let the bulb touch the bottom of the liquid
container, especially when it is being heated.
 Do not shake the laboratory thermometer, like what is done when you want to lower the
temperature reading of a clinical thermometer. Just allow its temperature reading to go
down to room temperature.
 If a mercury thermometer breaks, call the attention of the teacher immediately. Do not
touch the mercury directly. Copper wire is used to collect the spilled mercury from the
thermometer.

Apparatuses are made of:

1. Glass
2. Porcelain
3. Metal
4. Wood
5. Plastic

Common Laboratory Equipment

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SUMMARY:

Chemistry is fascinating experimental science. However, the chemical laboratory poses

hazards that can be prevented when the following safety rules are observed.

In performing an activity or experiment, you need to use certain materials designed for
specific uses. If any of these is not available in the laboratory, you can use your creativity in
producing or improvising for the apparatuses.

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Name: Module#: Score:
Course/Year/Section: Date:

V. ACTIVITY 1
Identify the laboratory apparatuses found below. Write your answer on the
space provided after each number and don’t forget to write your name, section
and year level.

1.____________ 2.____________ 3.____________ 4.____________ 5._____________

6.____________ 7.____________ 8.____________ 9____________ 10._____________

11.____________ 12.____________ 13.____________ 14.____________ 15._____________

16.____________ 17.____________ 18.____________ 19.____________ 20._____________

VI. EVALUATION
A. Enumerate the common laboratory apparatuses that you’ve found above
on activity 1 and write it inside the box below. Give their uses and the materials they
are made of .

NAME APPARATUS USE MADE

E.g. Stirring Rod - Used for stirring and mixing. glass
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.

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 B. Identify what is being described in the following items. Write your answer on
the space provided before each number. And don’t forget to write your name,
section and year level.

________________1. It is used to contain liquid substances to be evaporated.

________________2. It is used to transfer and scoop powdered substances.
________________3. It is used primarily as container of substances. It is also used to measure
approximate volume of liquids, as reaction vessel, or as container of
substances to be heated.
________________4. It is used to hold crucible and cover during ignition.
________________5. It is used to hold wire gauze during heating.
________________6. It is used to measure small volumes of liquid substances.
________________7. It is used for measuring mass.
________________8. It is used to light a Bunsen burner.
________________9. It is used to hold a test tube, particularly when hot.
________________10. It is used to hold liquids and can be easily swirled and heated. It can easily be
capped by rubber or glass stoppers.

C. Please provide a brief answer to the question below. Write your answer on
the space provided under each number and don’t forget to write your name,
section and year level.

Rubric for essay: Content-3 points; Relevance-2 points

1. Why do we need to take good care of the laboratory apparatuses? Explain

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2. Enumerate atleast 5 common safety rules in the laboratory

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

If you have any questions or clarifications,

You may contact me through the following:
FB Accounts: JC Lozano
Messenger only on this account:
Jhunnty Ganas Cabojoc Lozano