Journal Techno, Vol. 8, No.2, 2022, pp.

097 - 106
ISSN. 2461-1484

MULTIPLE DEFORMATION OF JOKOTUWO FAULT ZONE, EAST

JIWO HILL, BAYAT, KLATEN, CENTRAL JAVA

Achmad Rodhi1*, Sutarto1, Sutanto1, Sapto Kis Daryono1

1GeologicalEngineering Department, Univesitas Pembangunan Nasional
“Veteran” Yogyakarta
*Corresponding author: [email protected]

Abstract
Jokotuwo fault zone was first mentioned as the sinistral transpression Jokotuwo fault
by Jatmika Setiawan (2002). The trending of fault zone can be traced on four
directions. The first direction is ENE –WSW in northern part of Jokotuwo hill to Konang
hill. The second direction is E – W in southern part of Jokotuwo hill to southern part of
Semangu hill. The third direction is NNW – SSE in central part of Jokotuwo hill to
Temas hill, and the fourth direction is NE – SW in central part Jokotuwo hill to Gunung
Gajah hill. The fault zone area show evidence for four successive structure episodes.
The first generation (D1) is deformation in northern part of Jokotuwo hill to the
Rondonom hill. This zones is manifested by a variety of structures for well-developed
mylonite foliations. The second generation (D2) is deformation in southern part of
Jokotuwo hill to southern part of Semangu hill. This zone is manifested by shearing
structure for cataclasite flow. The third generation (D3) is deformation in central part
of Jokotuwo hill to Temas hill. This zone is manifested by a variety of structures, which
may include drag folds, fault plane,and fault breccia. The fourth generation (D4) is
deformation in central part of Jokotuwo hill to Gunung Gajah hill. This zone is
manifested by a variety of structures, which may include fault plane, and fault breccias.
The earliest structures in the Eastern Jiwo hill was generally showed that D1 structures
are rotational and non-coaxial in semi-ductile character. The deformation was dextral
thrusting involving WNW shortening with a significant component of thrust-parallel
slip movement that continued into the Pra-Tertiary Orogeny. The D2 and D3 are
rotational and non-coaxial in brittle character. The deformation were sinistral
transpressive with a significant component of sinistral-strike slip movement that
continued into the Tertiary Orogeny.

Keyword:

PRELIMINARY
Jiwo Hills (Bayat) is the one of three places that outcrop of pra-Tertiary and
Paleogen rock is occurred in Java Island. The rest are Ciletuh, which is located at
southeast of Pelabuhan Ratu (West Java) and Karangsambung, at Central Java,
located at the north of Kebumen.

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Multiple Deformation of Jokotuwo Fault Zone, East Jiwo Hill, Bayat, Klaten, Central Java
Achmad Rodhi, Sutarto, Sutanto, Sapto Kis Daryono

Many geologist has done doing research at Bayat area, there are : Bothe
(1929), who made stratigraphy column of Jiwo Hills and also proposed the name of
Wungkal Formation and Gamping Formation which aged Eosen; Sunu Sumosusastro
(1956), researching in more detail the geology og East Jiwo Hills, study of
biostratigraphy is ever conducted by Sumarso and Ismojowati (1974), Soeria
Atmaja et al. (1991) and Sutanto et al. (1994), researching volcanic stone in Java
Island, consists of age of many stones with radiometric method (Isotrophic K/Ar
dating method) some igneous stones at Bayat and surrounding areas; Soesilo, dkk.
(2000), researching about nomenclature of crystalline rock at West Jiwo Hills;
Setiawan (2000), researching about paleostress of geological structures at Jiwo
Hills; Prasetyadi and Maha (2004), researching the stratigraphy analysis associated
with probability of ancient high at Jiwo Hills.

GEOLOGY OF EASTERN JIWO HILL

Until today, naming the rock units at Jiwo Hills basically use the nomenclature which
is proposed by Bothe (1929) vide Setiawan (2000). Based on stratigraphy, Bayat
area is composed by rock units as mentioned below (Setiawan, 2000): (1) Pra-
Tertiary-aged metamorphic rock, (2) Gamping – Wungkal Formation; (3) Oyo
Formation. (Figure 1)

Figure 1. Geological Map of Jiwo Hill, Bayat, Klaten (Setiawan, 2000)

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Soesilo, et al. (2000) suggested nomenclature based SSI (1996) for crystalline
rock at West Jiwo Hills to be Bayat Phyllite Lithodemic, Bayat Gabbro Lithodemic
and Bayat Basalt Lithodemic.
Phyllite Lithodemic consists of phyllite, schist, serpentinite, and marble.
Phyllite is the most important metamorphic rock at Jiwo hills, that has been exposed
at Konang hills and Semangu hills. Schist is exposed at Padasan hills at East Jiwo,
although it is not wide, and marble is the lense of phyllite, it is exposed at Jokotuo
hills. In phyllite lithodemic, there is no fossil appeared, so the certain age of phyllite
is unknown, but because of tertiary-aged formation covered phyllite, the age of
phyllite is set on pra-tertiary.
Both of Wungkal Formation and Gamping Formation (Bothe, 1929),
represent Eosen-aged rock formation. Wungkal Formation consists of polimic
conglomerate, quartz sandstone, claystone and big foraminifera limestone (Assilina
and Camerina) that show Early Eosen Age (Ta). This rocks unit is exposed at West
Jiwo Hills, Wungkal Hills, Sekarbolo Village. This rocks unit is location type that is
suggested by Bothe (1929). Gamping Formation consists of big foraminifera
limestone (Camerina and Discocyclina) which is Late Eosen aged (Tb), sandstone
and claystone. There is nonconformity above metamorphic rock group, exposed
around Pendul hills and Watuprahu (East Jiwo Hills) is located at Gamping Village,
and it is the location type.
Gabbro lithodemic consists of many basaltic dykes (Winong, Brumbung,
Bukit Merak, Pager Jurang, etc) and gabbroic stock (Bendungan Village, Pendul hills,
and Kebo hills). Those gabbroic rocks with earlier researcher are called Diorite, but
with chemical analysis and its texture show Gabbro. At Temas Hill and Bendungan
Village, eocene-aged rock formation is covered with nonconformity by reef
limestone of Oyo Formation. Radiometric dating with isotropic Potassium-Argon
method showing that the Gabbro at East Jiwo Hills is 31,3 Ma or Early Oligosen
(Sutanto, et al, 1994). Oyo Formation consists of the layers of calcarenite and marl,
that has Middle Miosen Age (N11 – N13), well exposed at Temas Hills and Lanang,
This Formation covered unconformity with phyllite and gabbro lithodemic.
Geological structures that has been observed at East Jiwo are fault that cut
Jokotuwo Marble hills. Fault evidences are fault plane with slickenlines, fault breccia
and also sistematic joint, which is caused by its fault. Folliation structure can be
observed at phyllite rock and schist rock (Jokotuwo) and layered bed rock at
Gamping Formation around Watuprau Village. Fault breccia is located at Konang
Hills, and also there is fault evidence appeared at Temas Hills.

METHODOLOGY
This research is mainly a field-based research. Fieldwork was conducted in two
methods. The first method is Detailed Mapping at scale 1 : 500., and the second

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Multiple Deformation of Jokotuwo Fault Zone, East Jiwo Hill, Bayat, Klaten, Central Java
Achmad Rodhi, Sutarto, Sutanto, Sapto Kis Daryono

method is used grid systematic structural analysis have focused on small localized
selected areas (Mary, 2005). Structural orientational data were analysed by means
of manual stereographic plot hemisphere projection and software DIPS Version 3.7.,
and Paleostress Version 3.11.
Petrographic study under microscope was carried out to unravel the more
detail information on identity of rocks based on mineralogical composition, texture,
structure and petrogenesis. (Fossen, 2010) An investigation of the cleavage types
and others related fabrics, and metamorphic petrogenesis was accomplished by thin
section studies. (Pluijm and Marshak, 2004). The relationship between Sb, So, S1,
and S2 (Almendinger, 2010), relationship on crenulation cleavage, relationship to
fold and cleavage (Alsop et al, 2004), relationship fold to fold on superposed
(Nemcok, et al 2009), relationship internal and external structure on porphyroclast
or porphyroblast have comparable to overprinting relationships, structural
vergences, tectonic transport directions and stratigraphic relationship in field
investigation. (Hirth and Hovius, 2007)

EVIDENCE FOR MULTIPLE DEFORMATION

The fault zone of Jokotuwo area show evidence for four successive dynamo
metamorphic structure episodes (Figure 2).

Figure 2. Geological Map of Gajah Hills (Rodhi, 2019)

The first generation structures (S1) is varies of mylonite foliated fold

structures, those are from recumbent to overturned folds with fold axes generally
gently plunging to the ENE or WSW. Their axial surfaces ranging from low to
horizontaly dipping and commonly associated with bedding parallel cleavage (C 1).
They are commonly closely associated with refolded and chevron folds. Most of the
cleavage transects not only the axial surface but also the fold hinge. The NNW

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cleavage trend cut off by the NW cleavage. The cleavage cuts counterclockwise
relative to roughly synchronous fold hinges, indicates component of dextral lateral
thrusting. Transposition of layering during the first deformation (D1) is not
uncommon and the occurences of high-strain zone of thrust faults suggest that the
D1 deformation were derived from intense NW-SE compression with significant
shouthern block thrusting of Jiwo Hill has undergone N-S oblique deformation
(Figure 3).

Figure 3. Superpost fault (S1)

The second generation structures (S2) that grow within a synshearing

structures zone during deformation are generally called growth structures, they
include the second generation folds (F2) and E - W Larger Foraminifera Limestone
Blast orientation in cataclasite flow zones. The (F 2) varies folds from low plunging
asymmetrical to horizontaly plunging symmetrical folds. In graphite slate or phyllite
with strong bedding-plane foliation was formed crenulation cleavage. It is typically
an S2 foliation that has been superimposed on an earlier (S 1) foliation. These
evidence suggests that the D2 deformation was dextral lateral thrusting. The
predominance of Larger Foraminifera Limestone Blast orientation asymmetric
pinch and swell structure as well as asymmetric boudinages and the non-coaxial
superposition of S2 cleavages. Dextral lateral thrusting deformation of D2 produced
zones of high flattening strain and E-W-striking fault zones. The deformation
orientation of D2 is N-S, and different with the first deformation (D1). (Figure 4).

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Multiple Deformation of Jokotuwo Fault Zone, East Jiwo Hill, Bayat, Klaten, Central Java
Achmad Rodhi, Sutarto, Sutanto, Sapto Kis Daryono

Figure 4. (a) Dips and Paleostress stereometric analysis; (b) Pinch and swell
structure on petrography section; (c) hinge line cross cutting S1 and S2 microfault

The third generation structures (S3) was represented by varies structures,

which may include drag folds, fault plane with lineation and slickensite, and fault
breccia with shear and gash fractures. The structures typically form with
fracturelike rapidity, indicating a brittle behavior. Both fault plane and fault breccia
commonly associated with minor to major drag folds. Stereographic plot
hemisphere projection on software DIPS and Paleostress have NNW trending
dextral strike slip fault deformation. The association of NNW dextral fault and SW
trending drag folds indicates that the D3 deformation was the result of NNE-SSW
compression with dextral transpressive. (Figure 5)

Figure 5. (a) Petrography of Fault Breccia, (b) Slump structure, (c) Paleostress
stereographic analysis

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The fourth generation structures (S4) was represented by brittle SW-NE fault
plane related striation and slickensite, commonly closed associated with SW-NE fault
zone, shear and gash fracture. Stereographic plot hemisphere projection on software
DIPS and Paleostress have NE-SW trending dextral strike slip fault deformation. The
association of NNW dextral fault and NE-SW dextral fault indicates that the D4
deformation was from ENE-WSW compression with dextral transpressive resulting
NNE-SSW compression with dextral transpresive. (Figure 6).

Figure 6. (a) Dips sereographic analysis, (b) Fault zone at Gunung Gajah

THE AGE OF DYNAMO METAMORPHIC

The timing of deformation is difficult to constrain due to lack of paleontological data.
However, based on the unconformable relationship between Gamping Formation
and the pra-Tertiary phylitic metamorphic lithodem. The first deformations (D1)
typically from ductile to semi-ductile behavior of low grade mylonite metamorphic
facies. Both phylite and mylonite developed at the same depth and time. It could be
inferred that the age of D1 was pra-Tertiery. Synshearing or growth fault structures
on Late Eosen Foraminifera Limestone have suggested that the age of D 2 was Late
Eosen. The fault zone of S3 was cutting all lithology at Jokotuwo areas. Based on the
unconformable relationship between Oyo Formation and the Gamping Formation.
Or Gabbro Lithodem and growth fault structures indicators on Oyo Limestone
Formation, it could be suggested that the age of D3 was Middle Miocene, same with

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Achmad Rodhi, Sutarto, Sutanto, Sapto Kis Daryono

age of the Oyo Formation. The fault zone of S4 was cutting all of lithology and
another fault zones at Jokotuwo areas, but it’s not uncommonly synshearing or
growth structures. It can be speculated that D 4 would have resulted from strong
dextral transpressional deformation (D3) during Middle Miocene to Late Miocene.

CONCLUSION AND TECTONIC HISTORY

The earliest deformations of Eatern Jiwo Hill was NNW compression involving ENE-
shortening with a semi–ductile significant component of thrusting movement
during late Mesozoic to that continued into the early Tertiay East Java micro
continent Orogeny.
The growth of the thrust fault zone mainly controlled by coaxial refolding and
reactivation dextral thrust zone. Based on the type of superposed fold that the semi-
ductile fault zone showed at least two deformation periods (D1 and D2).
The brittle deformation of Eastern Jiwo Hill (D3) was NNE dextral
transpression during Middle Miocene after the Gabbroic intrusion have exposed and
eroded or post Oligocene-Miocene volcanic activity.
The last deformation (D4) was NNE sinistral transpression during post Late
Miocene, and it was maked carbonate sedimentary exposed.

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Achmad Rodhi, Sutarto, Sutanto, Sapto Kis Daryono

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