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Technology and
Livelihood Education
Caregiving 9
Quarter 1 Week 2

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Technology and Livelihood Education– Grade 9
Quarter 1 – Week 2 Activity Sheets
First Edition, 2020

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Published by the Department of Education

Development Team of the Activity Sheet

Writer: Jhoanne A. Tampos
Editor:
Reviewer: Geonor Adolfo
Illustrator: Ryan R. Padillos
Layout Artist:Ryan R. Padillos
Management Team: Leilanie L. Tingzon (EPS EPP/TLE)
Christopher P. Felipe (EPS LRMDS)

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E-mail Address: [email protected]

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 9

Technology and
Livelihood Education
Caregiving 9
Quarter 1Week 2
Activity Sheets

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 Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
Region XI
Division of Davao del Sur

Name: Date:
Grade: Section:
Learning Area: TLE 9 (Caregiving 9)

Activity 1.2:“Implementing and Monitoring Infection Control”

L.O 2: Integrate the organization’s infection control policies and procedures into work
practices (TLE_HECGIC-9-12-Ib-2)

What I Need to Do

In this activity, you will be able to learn about different wounds and how to treat and
take care of them.

Gearing Up

Read and carefully understand the information Sheet below.

Information Sheet 1.2

Caregiving is the act of looking after individual, helping them to do what they would do by
themselves if they could and helping them if they can no longer move or do thing for
themselves. Regardless of age, the primary objective of caregiving is to help a patient
become as independent as health permits. A patient can be anyone suffering from injury or
illness that requires care.
Wounds- whether large or small, can be infected. If infection starts, there can be some
damage to the body. Prevention is the best way to avoid the problem.

Kinds of Wounds
Open Wound
➢ a break in the skin which is the result of injury or an operation and in which bleeding
can be seen.

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Closed Wound
➢ is bruise or contusion that result when a blunt or hard object strikes the body.
➢ no blood can be seen on the skin surface because the skin is not broken.
➢ skin discoloration, swelling and pain is present.
Procedures in Controlling Infection
A caregiver or a person attending to an injured patient should know how to recognize and
treat the infected wound. Usually, wounds that are infected are swelling and becoming red. It
may develop pain and pus discharge. The person with an infected wound may also develop
fever and swelling of lymph node.
The best way to prevent infection is to eliminate bacteria that may come in contact with the
wound by:
A. Sterilizing Equipment
• Bacteria can be destroyed by boiling, fire, radiation, chemical disinfection, and/or
steam under pressure.
B. Using an antiseptic technique when applying dressing
Two types of applying a dressing
1. Clean Method- the area of the wound is gently washed with soap and water until
it is clean, and then a self-adhesive dressing is applied.
2. Non-touch technique- involves not touching anything that comes into contact
with the patient and handling everything with the forceps.

Treat an Infected Wound by:

1. Keeping the area clean

2. Soaking it with warm water or apply warm pack over
3. Elevating the infected part
4. Applying antibiotic ointment on the infected part
5. Changing dressing daily
6. Seeking medical help if the infection persists or become worse

Dressings
➢ Touches and covers an open wound
➢ Whenever possible, a dressing should be:
1. Sterile (if sterile dressing is not available use, a clean cloth, handkerchief, wash
cloth, towel, etc.)

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 2. Larger than the wound
3. Thick, soft, and compressible so that the pressure is evenly distributed over
thewound
4. Lint-free
Purpose of Dressing
1. Control bleeding
2. Prevent infection
3. Absorb blood and wound drainage
4. Protect wound from further injury
Some Don’ts in Using Dressing
1. Do not use fluffy cotton balls as dressing.
2. Do not remove a blood soak dressing until the bleeding stops
3. Do not pull off a dressing stuck to a wound
Types of Dressing

Gauze pads- these are used for small wounds. It

comes in different sizes and helpful for burns or
wounds secreting fluids

Adhesive strips (e.g., Band aid)- used for small

cuts and abrasion and a combination of both sterile
and bandage dressing.

Trauma dressing- made of large, thick,

absorbent, and absorbent sterile material.
Individually wrapped sanitary napkin can be serve
as dressing because of their bulk absorbency but
they are usually not sterile.
Improvised dressing- when commercial sterile
dressing is not available, an improvised one should
be as clean, absorbent, soft and free of lint as
possible (handkerchief or towel. Sterilize the cloth
by boiling, ironing several times or soaking it in
rubbing alcohol and allow to dry.

Applying a Sterile Dressing:

1. Wash your hands.

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 2. Use a dressing large enough to extend beyond the wound’s edges. Hold the dressing
by the corner. Place the dressing directly over the wound, do not slide it on.
3. Cover the dressing with a bandage.
4. Do not touch any part of the wound or any part of the dressing that will be in contact
with the wound.
5. Do not cough, breath, or talk over the wound or dressing.

Bandages
➢ A bandage should be clean and need not to be sterile. It can be used to:
1. Hold a dressing in place over an open wound.
2. Apply direct pressure over the dressing to control bleeding
3. Prevent or reduce swelling
4. Provide support and stability for an extremity or joint.

Types of Bandages
Roller bandage- comes in various width, length, and type of
material.
- One-inch width for fingers,
- Two-inch width for wrists hands, and feet
- Three-inch width for ankles, elbows, arms
- Four-inch with used for knees and legs
Self -adhering, conforming bandage- come as rolls of
slightly elastic, gauze-like material in various width. The
self-adhesive quality makes it easy to use.

Gauze roller bandage- these are cotton, and non-elastic.

They come in various width (1,2,3 inches) and are usually
ten yards long.

Elastic bandage- used for compression of bandages for

sprains, strains, and contusions. They come in various width.
They are usually applied over dressings covering a wound.

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 Improvised bandage- when commercial roller is not
available, you can use a belt, necktie, or torn strips from a
sheet or other similar material as substitute.

Triangular bandage- are available commercially or can be

made from a 3-40-inch square of preshrunk cotton muslin
material that is cut diagonally from corner to corner to
produce two triangular pieces of cloth.
- Base- the longest side
- Point- the corner directly across from the base
- Ends- the other two corners.

Hazards and Outcome of Infection Risk Assessments

1. Infection may cause swelling of wound and becoming red.
2. It may give off a sensation of heat and develop pain and pus discharge.
3. It may develop fever and swelling of lymph nodes.
4. It may develop one or more red streaks leading from the toward the heart.
5. If the infection has reached the circulatory system, it is known as blood poisoning,
and the patient will experience chills and fever.
Factors that Contribute to Wound Infection
1. Dirty and foreign materials left on the wound.
2. Ragged or crushed tissues.
3. Injury to underlying bone, joint or tendon.
4. Bite wounds from human or animals.
5. Puncture wounds or other wounds that cannot be drained.
Types of Open Wounds
Abrasion- a scraping or a scratch on the skin resulting in
partial loss of the skin surface.
- it has little bleeding and can be painful and serious,
especially when a foreign object is embedded.

Incision- it is a skin wound (cut) with smooth edges and can

have severe bleeding.
- The usual cause of the injury is contact with sharp
object.

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 Laceration- it is skin wound with uneven edges.
- The usual cause is contact with a blunt object tearing
the skin.
- It can have severe bleeding because veins and arteries
can be affected, and there is danger of infection.

Puncture- a wound which is narrow and deep and can reach

into veins and arteries.
- The entrance is usually small, like a stab wound from
pointed object.
- If the object is embedded in the wound, the risk of
infection is high.
Avulsion- it is a partial tearing of a patch of skin or other
tissue, and the turn-off tissue is left hanging.
- Most often it involves ears, fingers and hands.

Amputation- it involves the cutting or tearing off a body part

such as fingers, toes, hands, feet, arms and legs.

What to Do in Dealing with Open Wounds

1. Wear disposable latex gloves. If not available, use several layers of gauze pads,
plastic wraps, or bags. Bare hand should not be used, and it is a last resort.
2. To see where the blood is coming from, remove or cut the clothes of the patient and
expose the wound.
3. To control bleeding, apply direct pressure with the fingers or palm. Place a sterile
gauze pad or clean cloth over the entire wound. Elevation may be used in
combination with direct pressure to stop further bleeding.
Procedure in Cleaning Open Wounds
1. Before cleaning an open wound, wash your hands with soap and water with vigorous
scrubbing action. Dry and wear disposable plastic gloves.
2. For a shallow wound, wash it with soap and water. Irrigate it with clean-enough-to-
drink water for adequate wound cleaning. Water from the faucet provides the need.
3. For a wound with high-risk infection like larger wound or extremely dirty wound,
seek medical care for cleaning. If you are in the remote area, clean it well and apply

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 Betadine 10 prep solution, then seek medical attention.
4. Remove with sterile tweezer the small object not flushed out by irrigation. A wound,
if not cleaned, will leave scars on the victim’s skin.
5. Cover the wound with a non-stick sterile dressing. For a shallow wound, an antibiotic
ointment can be applied.
6. Change the dressing daily and more often if it gets wet and dirty.
Some Don’ts in Cleaning Wounds
1. Do not irrigate the wound with a full-strength iodine preparation like 10 Betadine or
70 Isopropyl alcohol, it kills both body cells and bacteria. It can be used around the
wound but not inside.
2. Do not used antibiotic ointment on wounds requiring stitches or on other wounds
where drainage may be prevented.
3. Do not breathe or blow the wound or dressing.
4. Do not close the wound with butterfly tape or stern stripes because when bacteria are
entrapped in the wound, infection is likely to happen.
5. Do not use hydrogen peroxide because it does not kill bacteria.
Initial Procedure in Treating Closed Wounds
1. Apply an ice pack on the bruise area for 20 minutes. Place a wet cloth between the ice
and the skin to protect the skin from frostbite.
2. Apply an elastic bandage with a pad if an arm or leg is involved.
3. The victim must be examined for possible fractures.
4. To lessen the pain and swelling, the injured part should be kept above the victim’s
heart level.
5. Seek medical help if you seek internal bleeding, broken bones, and bruises that show
up for no apparent reason.
Monitoring Infection Control Performance and Implementing improvements in
Practice
➢ To monitor the effects of controlling infection, the caregiver should fill out the
patient’s personal record.
➢ All necessary must be recorded accurately and promptly.
➢ Diagnosis and decision of the attending physician depend on the information
provided by the caregiver.
The record includes the following:
1. Name of patient
2. Age, sex, and address
3. Clinical history of the patient
4. Temperature, pulse rate, and blood pressure
5. Doctor’s order sheet that indicates the standing oreder of the attending physician and
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 the prescribed diet.
6. Therapeutic sheet records, the medicine prescribed, and the kind of treatment
rendered.
7. An observation sheet that records the reaction to medicine the patient had taken. The
caregiver has to record the condition of the patient from time to time.

Getting Better

After understanding the information sheet, you may now proceed to

activity below.

FILL IN THE BLANK

Procedures in doing the activity: Fill the blanks with the correct word/words in each
sentence. Choose your answer from the box below.

1. is the act looking after an individual, helping him or her to do things for
himself or herself, and helping him or her if he or she can no longer move.
2. Wounds whether large or small, can be .
3. Wounds that are infected, develop and discharge.
4. can be destroyed by boiling, fire, and radiation.
5. A technique in dressing wounds is handling everything with forceps.
6. Dirty and materials left in the wound contribute infection.
7. is a skin wound with uneven edges.
8. A scrape on the skin resulting in partial loss of skin is known as .
9. Use in treating wounds to avoid infection.
10. Remove with a sterile small object not flushed out by irrigation.
11. Cover the wound with a dressing.
12. For adequate wound cleaning, it with clean water.
13. Do not breathe or on a wound or dressing.
14. In treating a closed wound, apply a for 20 minutes.
15. Maintaining a will help the caregiver monitor the condition of the patient.

Blow laceration Icepack caregiving

Tweezers record Irrigate bacteria

Foreign abrasion Infected non-stick

Pain sterile Dressing cough

Pus disposable gloves non-touch

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 Gaining Mastery

Now that you have completed this activity you should have developed skills
and knowledge in Implementing and Monitoring Infection Control. Let us now practice
mastery by doing the activity given below.

THROW BACK MEMORY

Instruction: Recall your memory. Think of a scenario that you have help someone injured,
either your family, friends, neighbors of any age and yourself itself. And answer the
following questions below.

1. What kind of incident you have encountered?

2. What have you done first?
3. What type of wound did you see?
4. How did you manage the situation?
5. Did you implement infection control?
After answering the question above, you can now practice monitoring infection control by
filling -out patient’s personal information data.

What I Need to Remember

➢ Today, there is growing awareness of equipping the family members with basic
knowledge, skill, and competencies in caregiving.
➢ Caregiving is the act of looking after an individual, helping him or her to do what he
or she can do by himself or herself if he or she could, and helping him or her when he
or she can no longer move or do things by himself or herself.
➢ Wounds, whether large or small can be infected. Prevention is the best way to avoid
thus problem.
➢ The beast way to prevent infection is to eliminate bacteria that come in contact with
the patient by:
a. Sterilizing equipment
b. Using an antiseptic technique
➢ The type of open wounds are:

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 a. Abrasion
b. Incision
c. Laceration
d. Puncture
e. Avulsion
f. Amputation
➢ Maintaining a record will help the caregiver monitor the condition of the patient.

Congratulations! You did a great job! Rest and relax a while then move on to the next
activity. Good luck!

Writer: Jhoanne A. Tampos

School: Sta. Cruz National High School
Division: Davao del Sur

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 Answer key

GETTING BETTER

1. Caregiving 9. Dressing
2. Infected 10. Tweezers
3. Pain and pus 11. Non-stick
4. Bacteria 12. Irrigate
5. Non-touch 13. Cough
6. Foreign 14. Icepack
7. Lacerations 15. Record
8. Abrasion

Gaining Mastery

Answer may vary on the idea and understanding of the learner.

Writer: Jhoanne A. Tampos

School: Sta. Cruz National High School
Division: Davao del Sur

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