Introduction
to
Surveillance
Philippine Integrated Disease Surveillance and Response,
Event-Based Surveillance and Response and other Surveillance
Programs
What is Surveillance?
Philippine Integrated Disease Surveillance and Response,
Event-Based Surveillance and Response and other Surveillance
Programs
What is Surveillance ?
• To Keep Watch
• Continuous observation
• Careful watching
• Keep Track
Philippine Integrated Disease Surveillance and Response,
Event-Based Surveillance and Response and other Surveillance
Programs
How does surveillance help us?
• Detect possible outbreaks
• Detect emerging and re-emerging disease
• Assess the extent of damage
• Decision making and planning of response
• Evaluate the response
• Baseline data for planning of preventive measures
• Analysis of disease patterns
Philippine Integrated Disease Surveillance and Response,
Event-Based Surveillance and Response and other Surveillance
Programs
RA 11332
Mandatory Reporting of Notifiable Diseases
Philippine Integrated Disease Surveillance and Response,
Event-Based Surveillance and Response and other Surveillance
Programs
Republic Act health is a
fundamental
11332 right
• An act
• providing policies and prescribing procedures on
surveillance and response
• to notifiable diseases, epidemics, and health
events of public health concern
and appropriating funds therefor, repealing for the
purpose act no. 3573, otherwise known as the “law
on the reporting of communicable diseases”
Philippine Integrated Disease Surveillance and Response, RA 11332
Event-Based Surveillance and Response and other Surveillance Mandatory Reporting of Notifiable Diseases
Programs
Section 1:
Short Title
“Mandatory Reporting of
Notifiable Diseases and Health Events of
Public Health Concern Act”
Philippine Integrated Disease Surveillance and Response, RA 11332
Event-Based Surveillance and Response and other Surveillance Mandatory Reporting of Notifiable Diseases
Programs
Section 2:
Declaration of Policy
It is the policy of the State to protect and promote
the right to health of the people … to protect the
people from public health threats through disease
surveillance of notifiable diseases …
Philippine Integrated Disease Surveillance and Response, RA 11332
Event-Based Surveillance and Response and other Surveillance Mandatory Reporting of Notifiable Diseases
Programs
Section 2:
Declaration of Policy
The State recognizes disease surveillance and
response systems of the Department of Health and
its local counterparts,
as the first line of defense to epidemics and health
events of public health concern that pose risk to
public health and security
Philippine Integrated Disease Surveillance and Response, RA 11332
Event-Based Surveillance and Response and other Surveillance Mandatory Reporting of Notifiable Diseases
Programs
Section 3:
Definition of Terms
(c) Disease surveillance refers to the ongoing
systematic collection, analysis, interpretation,
and dissemination of outcome specific data for
use in the planning, implementation, and
evaluation of public health practice.
Philippine Integrated Disease Surveillance and Response, RA 11332
Event-Based Surveillance and Response and other Surveillance Mandatory Reporting of Notifiable Diseases
Programs
Section 3:
Definition of Terms
A disease surveillance system includes
• the functional capacity for data analysis
• as well as the timely dissemination
of these data to persons who can undertake
effective prevention and control activities;
Philippine Integrated Disease Surveillance and Response, RA 11332
Event-Based Surveillance and Response and other Surveillance Mandatory Reporting of Notifiable Diseases
Programs
Section 3:
Definition of Terms
(d) Emerging or reemerging infectious diseases
refer to diseases that
1) have not occurred in humans before;
2) have occurred previously but affected only
small numbers of people in isolated areas;
Philippine Integrated Disease Surveillance and Response, RA 11332
Event-Based Surveillance and Response and other Surveillance Mandatory Reporting of Notifiable Diseases
Programs
Section 3:
Definition of Terms
3) have occurred throughout human history
but have only recently been recognized as a
distant disease due to an infectious agent;
4) are caused by previously undetected or
unknown infectious agents;
Philippine Integrated Disease Surveillance and Response, RA 11332
Event-Based Surveillance and Response and other Surveillance Mandatory Reporting of Notifiable Diseases
Programs
Section 3:
Definition of Terms
5) are due to mutant or resistant strains of a
causative organism; and
6) once were major health problems in the
country, and then declined dramatically, but
are again becoming health problems for a
significant proportion of the population;
Philippine Integrated Disease Surveillance and Response, RA 11332
Event-Based Surveillance and Response and other Surveillance Mandatory Reporting of Notifiable Diseases
Programs
Section 3:
Definition of Terms
(i) Mandatory reporting refers to the obligatory
reporting of a condition to local or state health
authorities, as required for notifiable diseases,
epidemics or public health events of public
health concern;
Philippine Integrated Disease Surveillance and Response, RA 11332
Event-Based Surveillance and Response and other Surveillance Mandatory Reporting of Notifiable Diseases
Programs
Section 3:
Definition of Terms
(j) Notifiable disease refers to a disease that, by
legal requirements, must be reported to the
public health authorities;
Philippine Integrated Disease Surveillance and Response, RA 11332
Event-Based Surveillance and Response and other Surveillance Mandatory Reporting of Notifiable Diseases
Programs
Section 4:
Objectives
(a) To continuously develop and upgrade the list
of nationally notifiable diseases and health
events of public health concern with their
corresponding case definitions and laboratory
confirmation;
Philippine Integrated Disease Surveillance and Response, RA 11332
Event-Based Surveillance and Response and other Surveillance Mandatory Reporting of Notifiable Diseases
Programs
Section 4:
Objectives
(b) To ensure the establishment and
maintenance of relevant, efficient and effective
disease surveillance and response system at the
national and local levels;
Philippine Integrated Disease Surveillance and Response, RA 11332
Event-Based Surveillance and Response and other Surveillance Mandatory Reporting of Notifiable Diseases
Programs
Section 4:
Objectives
(d) To provide accurate and timely health
information about notifiable diseases, and
health-related events and conditions to citizens
and health providers as an integral part of
response to public health emergencies;
Philippine Integrated Disease Surveillance and Response, RA 11332
Event-Based Surveillance and Response and other Surveillance Mandatory Reporting of Notifiable Diseases
Programs
Section 4:
Objectives
(h) To require public and private physicians, allied
medical personnel, professional societies, hospitals,
clinics, health facilities, laboratories,
pharmaceutical companies, private companies and
institutions, workplaces, schools, prisons, ports,
airports, establishments, communities, other
government agencies, and non-government
organizations to actively participate in disease
surveillance and response;
Philippine Integrated Disease Surveillance and Response, RA 11332
Event-Based Surveillance and Response and other Surveillance Mandatory Reporting of Notifiable Diseases
Programs
Section 6:
Mandatory Reporting of Notifiable Diseases and
Health Events of Public Health Concern
Under this Act:
(c) All public and private physicians, allied medical
personnel, professional societies, hospitals, clinics, health
facilities, laboratories, institutions, workplaces, schools,
prisons, ports, airports, establishments, communities,
other government agencies, and non-government
organizations are required to accurately and immediately
report notifiable diseases and health events of public
health concern as issued by the DOH;
Philippine Integrated Disease Surveillance and Response, RA 11332
Event-Based Surveillance and Response and other Surveillance Mandatory Reporting of Notifiable Diseases
Programs
Section 6:
Mandatory Reporting of Notifiable Diseases and
Health Events of Public Health Concern
Under this Act:
(d) Data collection, analysis, and the dissemination
of information from official disease surveillance and
response systems can only be done by authorized
personnel from the DOH and its local counterparts
and may only be used for public health concern
purposes only; thus, should be exempted in the
provision of Data Privacy Act on accessibility of
data;
Philippine Integrated Disease Surveillance and Response, RA 11332
Event-Based Surveillance and Response and other Surveillance Mandatory Reporting of Notifiable Diseases
Programs
Section 7:
Establishment of Epidemiology & Surveillance Units
The DOH, in coordination with the local
government units, shall ensure that the
Epidemiology and Surveillance Units (ESUs) are
established and functional:
- in all levels of the DOH and its local counterparts,
and
- in public and private health facilities and
laboratories, as well as ports and airports
- in all provinces, cities and municipalities
throughout the country.
Philippine Integrated Disease Surveillance and Response, RA 11332
Event-Based Surveillance and Response and other Surveillance Mandatory Reporting of Notifiable Diseases
Programs
Section 8:
Establishment of Epidemiology & Surveillance Units
The ESU shall:
- capture and verify all reported notifiable diseases and
health events of public health concern;
- provide timely, accurate, and reliable epidemiologic
information to appropriate agencies;
- conduct disease surveillance and response activities;
- coordinate needed response; and
- facilitate capacity building in the field of epidemiology,
disease surveillance and response at the Epidemiology
Bureau (EB).
Philippine Integrated Disease Surveillance and Response, RA 11332
Event-Based Surveillance and Response and other Surveillance Mandatory Reporting of Notifiable Diseases
Programs
Section 8:
Establishment of Epidemiology & Surveillance Units
All ESUs shall have:
- trained required human resource complement and
- provision of adequate resources,
including equipment, logistics, communication, transportation, laboratory
supplies and reagents, personal protective equipment and
- health insurance,
to effectively perform their disease surveillance and response
functions.
Philippine Integrated Disease Surveillance and Response, RA 11332
Event-Based Surveillance and Response and other Surveillance Mandatory Reporting of Notifiable Diseases
Programs
Section 9:
Prohibited Acts
The following shall be prohibited under this Act:
(a) Unauthorized disclosure of private and
confidential information pertaining to a patient’s
medical condition or treatment;
(b) Tampering of records or intentionally providing
misinformation;
Philippine Integrated Disease Surveillance and Response, RA 11332
Event-Based Surveillance and Response and other Surveillance Mandatory Reporting of Notifiable Diseases
Programs
Section 9:
Prohibited Acts
The following shall be prohibited under this Act:
(c) Non-operation of the disease surveillance and
response systems;
(d) Non-cooperation of persons and entities that
should report and/or respond to notifiable diseases
or health events of public concern; and
Philippine Integrated Disease Surveillance and Response, RA 11332
Event-Based Surveillance and Response and other Surveillance Mandatory Reporting of Notifiable Diseases
Programs
Section 9:
Prohibited Acts
The following shall be prohibited under this Act:
(e) Non-cooperation of the person or entities
identified as having the notifiable disease, or
affected by the health event of public concern.
Disclosure of confidential information will not be considered
violation of this act under this Section if the disclosure was made
to comply with a legal order issued by a court of law with
competent jurisdiction.
Philippine Integrated Disease Surveillance and Response, RA 11332
Event-Based Surveillance and Response and other Surveillance Mandatory Reporting of Notifiable Diseases
Programs
Section 10:
Penalties
Any person or entity found to have violated
Section 9 of this Act shall be penalized with:
- a fine of not less than twenty thousand pesos
(P20,000.00) but not more than fifty thousand
pesos (P50,000.00)
Philippine Integrated Disease Surveillance and Response, RA 11332
Event-Based Surveillance and Response and other Surveillance Mandatory Reporting of Notifiable Diseases
Programs
Section 10:
Penalties
Any person or entity found to have violated
Section 9 of this Act shall be penalized with:
- or imprisonment of not less than one (1)
month but not more than six (6) months,
Philippine Integrated Disease Surveillance and Response, RA 11332
Event-Based Surveillance and Response and other Surveillance Mandatory Reporting of Notifiable Diseases
Programs
Section 10:
Penalties
Any person or entity found to have violated
Section 9 of this Act shall be penalized with:
- or both such fine and imprisonment, at the
discretion of the proper court.
Philippine Integrated Disease Surveillance and Response, RA 11332
Event-Based Surveillance and Response and other Surveillance Mandatory Reporting of Notifiable Diseases
Programs
Section 10:
Penalties
The Professional Regulation Commission shall
have the authority to suspend or revoke the
license to practice of any medical professional
for any violation of this Act.
Philippine Integrated Disease Surveillance and Response, RA 11332
Event-Based Surveillance and Response and other Surveillance Mandatory Reporting of Notifiable Diseases
Programs
Section 10:
Penalties
The Civil Service Commission shall have the
authority to suspend or revoke the civil service
eligibility of a public servant who is in violation
of this Act.
Philippine Integrated Disease Surveillance and Response, RA 11332
Event-Based Surveillance and Response and other Surveillance Mandatory Reporting of Notifiable Diseases
Programs
Section 10:
Penalties
If the offense is committed by a public or private
health facility, institution, agency, corporation,
school, or other juridical entity duly organized in
accordance with law, the chief executive officer,
president, general manager, or such other
officer in charge shall be held liable.
Philippine Integrated Disease Surveillance and Response, RA 11332
Event-Based Surveillance and Response and other Surveillance Mandatory Reporting of Notifiable Diseases
Programs
Section 10:
Penalties
In addition, the business permit and license to
operate of the concerned facility, institution,
agency, corporation, school, or legal entity shall
be cancelled.
Philippine Integrated Disease Surveillance and Response, RA 11332
Event-Based Surveillance and Response and other Surveillance Mandatory Reporting of Notifiable Diseases
Programs
