ALTE COMENZI UTILE KALI LINUX
1. ls - The most frequently used command in Linux to list directories
2. pwd - Print working directory command in Linux
3. cd - Linux command to navigate through directories
4. mkdir - Command used to create directories in Linux
5. mv - Move or rename files in Linux
6. cp - Similar usage as mv but for copying files in Linux
7. rm - Delete files or directories
8. touch - Create blank/empty files
9. ln - Create symbolic links (shortcuts) to other files
10. cat - Display file contents on the terminal
11. clear - Clear the terminal display
12. echo - Print any text that follows the command
13. less - Linux command to display paged outputs in the terminal
14. man - Access manual pages for all Linux commands
15. uname - Linux command to get basic information about the OS
16. whoami - Get the active username
17. tar - Command to extract and compress files in Linux
18. grep - Search for a string within an output
19. head - Return the specified number of lines from the top
20. tail - Return the specified number of lines from the bottom
21. diff - Find the difference between two files
22. cmp - Allows you to check if two files are identical
23. comm - Combines the functionality of diff and cmp
24. sort - Linux command to sort the content of a file while outputting
25. export - Export environment variables in Linux
26. zip - Zip files in Linux
27. unzip - Unzip files in Linux
28. ssh - Secure Shell command in Linux
29. service - Linux command to start and stop services
30. ps - Display active processes
31. kill and killall - Kill active processes by process ID or name
32. df - Display disk filesystem information
33. mount - Mount file systems in Linux
34. chmod - Command to change file permissions
35. chown - Command for granting ownership of files or folders
36. ifconfig - Display network interfaces and IP addresses
37. traceroute - Trace all the network hops to reach the destination
38. wget - Direct download files from the internet
39. ufw - Firewall command
40. iptables - Base firewall for all other firewall utilities to interface with
41. apt, pacman, yum, rpm - Package managers depending on the distro
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42. sudo - Command to escalate privileges in Linux
43. cal - View a command-line calendar
44. alias - Create custom shortcuts for your regularly used commands
45. dd - Majorly used for creating bootable USB sticks
46. whereis - Locate the binary, source, and manual pages for a command
47. whatis - Find what a command is used for
48. top - View active processes live with their system usage
49. useradd and usermod - Add new user or change existing users data
50. passwd - Create or update passwords for existing users
1. The ls command in Linux
The ls command is used to list files and directories in the current working directory. This
is going to be one of the most frequently used Linux commands you must know of.
As you can see in the above image, using the command by itself without any arguments
will give us an output with all the files and directories in the directory. The command
offers a lot of flexibility in terms of displaying the data in the output.
2. The pwd command in Linux
The pwd command allows you to print the current working directory on your terminal. It’s
a very basic command and solves its purpose very well.
Now, your terminal prompt should usually have the complete directory anyway. But in
case it doesn’t, this can be a quick command to see the directory that you’re in. Another
application of this command is when creating scripts where this command can allow us
to find the directory where the script has been saved.
3. The cd command in Linux
While working within the terminal, moving around within directories is pretty much a
necessity. The cd command is one of the important Linux commands you must know
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and it will help you to navigate through directories. Just type cd followed by directory as
shown below.
root@ubuntu:~# cd <directory path>
As you can see in the above command, I simply typed cd /etc/ to get into the /etc
directory. We used the pwd command to print the current working directory.
4. The mkdir command in Linux
The mkdir command allows you to create directories from within the terminal. The
default syntax is mkdir followed by the directory name.
root@ubuntu:~# mkdir <folder name>
As you can see in the above screenshot, we created the JournalDev directory with just
this simple command.
5. The cp and mv commands
The cp and mv commands are equivalent to the copy-paste and cut-paste in Windows.
But since Linux doesn’t really have a command for renaming files, we also make use of
the mv command to rename files and folders.
root@ubuntu:~# cp <source> <destination>
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In the above command, we created a copy of the file named Sample. Let’s see how
what happens if we use the mv command in the same manner. For this demonstration,
I’ll delete the Sample-Copy file.
root@ubuntu:~# mv <source> <destination
In the above case, since we were moving the file within the same directory, it acted as
rename. The file name is now changed.
6. The rm command in Linux
In the previous section, we deleted the Sample-Copy file. The rm command is used to
delete files and folders and is one of the important Linux commands you must know.
root@ubuntu:~# rm <file name>
root@ubuntu:~# rm -r <folder/directory name>
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To delete a directory, you have to add the -r argument to it. Without the -r argument, rm
command won’t delete directories.
7. The touch command in Linux
To create a new file, the touch command will be used. The touch keyword followed by
the file name will create a file in the current directory.
root@ubuntu:~# touch <file name>
8. The ln command in Linux
To create a link to another file, we use the ln command. This is one of the important
Linux commands that you should know if you’re planning to work as a Linux
administrator.
root@ubuntu:~# ln -s <source path> <link name>
The basic syntax involves using the -s parameter so we can create a symbolic link or
soft link.
9. The cat, echo, and less commands
When you want to output the contents of a file, or print anything to the terminal output,
we make use of the cat or echo commands. Let’s see their basic usage. I’ve added
some text to our New-File that we created earlier.
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root@ubuntu:~# cat <file name>
root@ubuntu:~# echo <Text to print on terminal>
As you can see in the above example, the cat command when used on our “New-File”,
prints the contents of the file. At the same time, when we use echo command, it simply
prints whatever follows after the command.
The less command is used when the output printed by any command is larger than the
screen space and needs scrolling. The less command allows use to break down the
output and scroll through it with the use of the enter or space keys.
The simple way to do this is with the use of the pipe operator (|).
10. The man command in Linux
The man command is a very useful Linux command you must know. When working with
Linux, the packages that we download can have a lot of functionality. Knowing it all is
impossible.
The man pages offer a really efficient way to know the functionality of pretty much all
the packages that you can download using the package managers in your Linux distro.
root@ubuntu:~# man <command>
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