What I Need to Know

This module exposes students on how to develop their writing ability through the use of the
patterns of developing paragraphs. The learner will be able to critique a chosen sample of
each pattern of development focusing on information selection, organization, and
development.

This contains the use of appropriate devices in connecting ideas to identify the pattern
employed in the sample paragraph as well as to develop unified thoughts through writing.

The module is divided into eight lessons, namely:

 Lesson 1 – Narration
 Lesson 2 – Description
 Lesson 3 – Definition
 Lesson 4 – Exemplification/Classification
 Lesson 5 – Comparison and Contrast

After going through this module, you are expected to:

1. familiarize yourself with the different writing patterns in paragraph development;
2. identify the transitional words and phrases used in the different writing patterns;
3. write a short paragraph using certain writing pattern; and
4. distinguish the uses and the differences of each writing pattern.

What I Know

Choose the letter of the best answer. Write your answers on a separate sheet of paper.

1. If you were to tell a story, which pattern of paragraph development would you use?
A. Description C. Narration
B. Definition D. Problem- Solution
2. Which written text involves sensory images to figure out something?
A. Description C. Narration
B. Definition D. Problem Solution
3. When giving the full meaning of a certain topic, which pattern is applicable?
A. Description C. Narration
B. Definition D. Problem Solution
4. What pattern presents the reasons and possible results of an event?
A. Description C. Narration
B. Cause and Effect D. Problem Solution
5. What pattern shows similarities and differences of two subjects in a paragraph?
A. Comparison and Contrast C. Narration
B. Cause and Effect D. Problem Solution
6. What section mentions an overview of the problem, the why of the problem, and who
should be concerned about the problem.
A. introduction C. middle section
B. conclusion D. exposition

1
 7. Which text focuses on presenting points of view and seeks on encouraging its readers to
accept a particular argument or act in a way?
A. Persuasive C. Cause and Effect
B. Problem-solution D. Comparison and Contrast
8. Which pattern of development would best suit a text that aims to discuss the taxonomy
of a group of fossils that were recently discovered by a paleontologist?
A. Comparison and Contrast C. Narration
B. Classification D. Problem Solution

Fill in the blanks with the correct transitional devices. Write the letter of the correct answer
on your answer sheet.

a. So b. Due to c. First d. When

e. Where f. Second g. Lastly h. Similarly

During my younger years of being a diligent worker, I would spend at least 10

hours working in the office and I would even bring home some paper works. Until, one

day, I was brought to the hospital 9. ______________ I experienced more anxieties. My

attending physician told me that I collapsed 10. ______________ stress. 11. __________, I

started to follow my doctor’s advice. 12. ________ to spend at least three times a week for

exercise. 13. Another is to take stock of internal stressors I could control. 14.

_____________ is to use meditation techniques whenever I felt overwhelmed and to make

sure that I got sufficient rest. Lastly, is to take time to do things I enjoy. 15.

_____________, to develop some hobbies during leisure time to divert attention from

stressors and eventually, to establish a more balanced life.

Lesson Narration
1

Developing one’s reading and writing skills is not easy. There are learners who can read
but are not able to express themselves in writing well. You have a lot of ideas in mind but
sometimes you may find it hard to organize these ideas coherently, however, the good thing
is that there are many ways on how you can write effectively.

In this lesson, you will learn one way of developing your paragraph. This is through
Narration.

What’s In

We have learned in our previous lesson that written text as connected discourse is formed
from spontaneous discreteness that predetermined its connectedness. It means that the
text itself does not have meaning and its meaning can be determined by their

2
connectedness. We also learned techniques in selecting and organizing information by
identifying relevant and irrelevant ideas or information.

After learning these skills in organizing information, you must learn some writing patterns
on how you can develop paragraphs.

What’s New

Read the set of events and rewrite the following details on your answer sheet to create a
coherent story.

1. Finally, the old lady crossed the street safely and Juan was able to reach school on
time.
2. One morning, Juan is in a hurry going to school.
3. Then, he thought of helping the old lady even though he will be late in school.
4. Suddenly, he saw an old lady, carrying a full of basket, crossing the street.

Then,answer the follow-up questions:

1. What words are used to signal the correct sequence of the events?
2. How do you think the ideas were able to relate to one another?
3. What do we call these words?
4. How do these words help to create a story?
5. What kind of paragraph were you able to create using the given details?

What is It

Writing a paragraph involves deep understanding of how one can achieve well-focused and
unified ideas in a composition. For example, when students are asked to come up with a
summary of a story, they tend to chop parts of the story and put it in their summary. If
that is so, it leads to create unrelated details that do not contribute in the oneness and
clarity of one’s summary.

It is important to use strategies developing ideas using a particular pattern. One of these is
through narration. A narrative text contains the plot which gives direction in making a
story.

In developing narration, sequential presentation of events plays an important role. Signal

words help to create unified thought and to show the transition of events to the next. This
leads us to focus on the use of the action words in the story. It also helps to move the story
and makes the story interesting.

What’s More

The chronological ordering of events helps to show the reader how the story moves.
Most of the common transitional words are first, next, then, after and suddenly.
Moreover, it is also important to give specific details in pointing out the direction of
the story.
Read the paragraph and answer the following questions on a separate sheet.

Being a transferee is never easy. At first, I was hesitant to come but my mother told
me that I would find new friends in Masayahin Senior High School. I would never
forget the day I first entered this school, I felt so shy and nervous. I did not know
anyone for I was a new Grade 11 student. When I entered my first class looking for a
chair to sit in, a boy sitting beside the window sill asked me, “Are you new in this
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school?” and I answered shyly, “Yes.” Then, he offered me the vacant seat beside
him. He was Jasper, an old student in that school. We got along with each other well
in our class. We worked on our assignments and school projects. , he slept in our
house doing our research work. After a year, we both realized that in many ways we
had a lot of similarities in terms of interests in life. In the end, we became best of
friends.

1. Where and when did the story happen?

2. What transitional devices are used to indicate the chronological order of time?
3. What event happened first?
4. What does the paragraph tell?
5. What sequence is presented in the story?

What I Have Learned

Choose the best word/group of words that will complete the statements.

Chronological Ordering Narration Transitional Devices Sequence Plot

1. _________ is a writing pattern that is used to tell story.

2. A narrative text contains the _________ which gives direction in the story.
3. _________are words or phrases that help carry a thought from one sentence to
another, from one idea to another, or from one paragraph to another.
4. Most of the common transitional words to show _________ of events are first, next,
then, after and suddenly.
5. The _________of events helps to show the reader how the story moves.

Additional Activities

In a short paragraph, narrate how something originated in your place/community. Use the
score guide below:

5 points All transitional devices are appropriate; the narration was very clear.
3 points Some transitional devices are appropriate; the narration was clear.
1 point No transitional devices used in the narrative; the narration is unclear.

Notes to the Teacher

You may use different rubric to assess learners’ writing tasks.
 4

Lesson
Description
2

In this lesson, you will learn another way of developing your paragraph through giving
description.

What’s In

People love to read and listen to story and the use of appropriate transitional devices in
telling stories are noteworthy. Likewise, you have previously learned that in writing a
narrative, the plot gives direction in making the story. However, it is not only the plot that
will help you to develop your writing skills. The use of description is also important to help
you create a vivid picture of what you are trying to express through written text.

What’s New

On a separate sheet, complete the table by supplying words or phrases that best describe
the given subjects. Use any of your senses to provide appropriate descriptions.
Subject SIGHT HEARING SMELL TASTE TOUCH
Example: long-legged soft voice heavenly silky skin
beauty queen beautiful scent
concert
beachside
adobo

Now, let us answer the following questions.

1. What kind of words is used to describe the given words?

2. How do these words help create a vivid description of the given words?
3. What kind of paragraph can you develop using the given details?

What is It
According to Dayagbil & et al, 2016, the use of description plays an important role to
elucidate the nature of people, places and things. A series of detailed observation about the
subject can help you create a good descriptive paragraph. This involves the use of adjectives
and adverbs in the paragraph.

The kind of words we used to describe how your subject looks, sounds, feels, smells or even
tastes like are called sensory languages. It also concerns how you will arrange the details 5
to provide an image of the scene, the person or the object you are trying to describe in your
text.

There are two types of description. First is objective description, where the writer presents
impartial and actual picture of the subject without biases and excluding personal
impression of the subject just like when you give your description of an experiment in class.
Second is subjective description, where the writer gives personal impression of what is
observed. This is often used in making fiction stories. For instance, when you are asked to
write about a place you visit during summer vacation, you tend to give your personal
judgment of how you experience the place.

What’s More

Read the paragraphs below. Tell whether the description is subjective description or
objective.

1. Sampaloc Lake is an inactive volcanic maar on the island of Luzon, the Philippines.
It is the largest of the Seven Lakes of San Pablo, Laguna. Nearly half of the lake's
depth has a shallow depression at the bottom, indicating its volcanic origin. It is
approximately 104 hectares and 3.5 kilometer boardwalk. The lake is behind San
Pablo City Capitol and at the foot of the Doña Leonila Park.

2. Sampaloc Lake is one of the best tourist spots in San Pablo. It is where you can
bring your friends and loved ones for picnic and bonding. Most of San Pableños jog
around the lake and do ride bicycles not only to have morning good exercise but also
have fresh air. You can witness the beauty of nature for it is surrounded with
mountains.

What I Have Learned

Choose the best word or group of words that will complete the statements.

Objective Subjective Description Sensory languages Modifiers

1. ____________ is a writing pattern of developing paragraph using detailed observation

about the subject.
2. ____________ are used in writing descriptive paragraph.
3. ____________ can be in a form of word, phrase or clause.
4. ____________description presents impartial and actual picture of the subjects
without biases.
5. ____________ description gives the personal impression of the writer.
 What I Can Do

In a paragraph, describe the picture using your sensory languages.

Here is the score guide:

5 points Appropriate modifiers are used to describe the picture.

3 points Modifiers used do not fit the picture being described.
Inappropriate modifiers are used resulting to failure to provide
1 point
acceptable description.

Additional Activities

Create a poem by completing the lines with appropriate modifiers.

NATURE

God made the world ___________.

We see ____________ land and ___________ seas.

It is a _______________ creation.
The love of God is ______________.

Notes to the Teacher

You may use different rubric to assess learners’ writing tasks.

7
 Lesson
Definition
3
In this lesson, we will focus on the three different types of definitions: formal definition,
informal definition, and extended or expanded definition.

What’s In

Previously, you have learned the first two patterns of development: narration and
description. The descriptive text portrays events and brings a scene or object to life in
the imagination of the reader. Meanwhile, a narrative text tells story or events in
chronological order. Now, let’s move on to another pattern which is called definition.

What’s New

Read the definition paragraph below then answer the given questions.

An estimated 50 years old, giant Crocodylus

porosus is a saltwater crocodile. It was the
largest crocodile caught alive in Buhawan of
Agusan del Sur. According to residents, it is
known to attack people and had eaten animals.

The biggest crocodile was given the name of

“Lolong” after the name of Ernesto “Lolong”
Goloran, who is one of the veteran hunters from
the Palawan Crocodile and Wildlife Reservation
Center, who led the hunt.

Dr. Adam Britton, an Australian zoologist and crocodile expert, measured Lolong at 6.17 m
(20 ft. 3 in). And in June 2012 Lolong was officially certified by the Guinness Book of World
Records as the “world’s largest crocodile in captivity”.

According to the experts of the National Geographic Channel, Lolong breaks the record of
the previous record-holder with a measurement of 5.48 m (18 FT 0 in).

1. What is being defined in this paragraph?

2. Do the supporting points help you understand the definition better? Are there facts,
reasons, examples, and details that make it even clearer?
3. What transition words are used between supporting points?

8
 What is It

Definitions provide concise but exact meanings of unfamiliar words and explain special
meanings for familiar words. They are often used to explain technical words and concepts.
What to define always depends on the needs of the reader and the purpose of
communication. It can be done in either of the two distinct methods of definition.

First, informal definition as either denotation or connotation. Denotation is the dictionary

meaning of the word. For example: Rose is a family of prickly shrub with pinnate leaves and
showy flowers. Meanwhile, connotation is the secondary meaning of a word and not
necessarily included in the dictionary. Rather it is how a writer understands a word based
on their own personal or consensual experiences. In the example: A dozen of pink roses is
usually given to their beloved ones. Instead of literally referring to flowers, love and romance
are connoted.

Second, formal definition consists of three principal parts: the species (WORD) n + Genus
(CLASS) + Differentiae. The WORD is the name of the object, process, or concept defined.
This is usually followed by “is” and “are” and the CLASS or general group to which the
objects belongs. For example: Skimming (species) is a reading technique (class) of allowing
the eyes to travel over a page very quickly, stopping only here and there to gain an idea
(differentiae).

For the expanded or extended definition, the following are common methods used in
paragraph development would be of great help (Filomena T. Dayagabil, Ethel L. Abao, and
Remedios C. Bacus, Critical reading and writing for Senior High School. Quezon City:
Lorimar Publishing, 2016, 43:

Methods Examples
By stating its San Pablo City is one of the oldest towns in the Philippines and
characteristics today, it is known as one of the first-class cities in the province of
Laguna. It is also called the City of Seven Lakes namely: Bunot Lake,
Calibato Lake, Mohicap Lake, Palakpakin Lake, Pandin Lake,
Sampaloc Lake, and Yambo lake. These seven freshwater lakes are
crater form of a steam-blast eruption from Mt. Cristobal.
By function In this time of global crisis, everyone is responsible for their actions,
such as following the precautionary measures given by the health
experts to avoid the spread of the virus.
By what it is Far from the normal situations that we had before, the pandemic
not makes each one of us skip buying unnecessary items.
By what it is Jollibee and McDonalds both offer savory chicken and delicious
similar to pasta that children love.
By Examples The opening of the classes for School Year 2020 -2021 amidst the
pandemic is a great challenge to the Department of Education. They
continue researching different alternative ways of teaching and
learning to be implemented in schools such as online learning,
modular learning, and lastly learning from TV shows and radio
programs.
By origin of Writers around the world define literature in different ways. The
word or origin of the word literature is derived from the Latin word Litera
etymology which means letter.
By its effect Due to the global pandemic, specifically COVID-19, the world
embraces the new normal. People have become more conscious about
sanitation and hygiene. They now learn physical distancing in public
places. And, most of the people stay at home either working or
developing new hobbies and exploring new things.

9
 What’s More

Analyze how the writer creates a shared concept and what different expanded definition
methods are used in the paragraph. Write your answer on a separate sheet of paper. You
may follow the template below:

Method used Sentence/s

Bimetallic Components
1
Bimetals are components made up of two separate metallic units, each occupying a
distinct position in the component. 2Bimetal rods or wires (also called clad metal, duo-
or dual-metal) are made of dissimilar metals. 3The rod core a cylindrical body made of
one metal, is surrounded by a concentric, cylindrical sleeve of another metal. 4Some
fibrous metals may also be regarded as bimetallic; for example, rods made by
unidirectional solidification of some eutectic compositions containing a metallic (or
nonmetallic) compound of fibrous filaments embedded in an almost pure metallic
matrix. 5The structure of present-day Nb-SN superconducting core can be even more
complex. 6It is multimetallic-containing more than two dissimilar metals. 7The two
elements of a bimetallic product are usually intimately interlocked, so that they function
in unison.
8
Bimetal rods or wire stems make it possible to
combine properties of dissimilar metals. For
example:
 9Aluminum-clad steel wire combines the
strength of steel
with the electrical conductivity and corrosion
resistivity of aluminum.
 10Superconductor core clad with copper sleeves
combines superconductivity at cryogenic
temperatures with assurance against failure
when a local temporary rise in resistance or
temperature occurs.
11
Although the number of desired bimetallic
combinations for practical use is virtually unlimited, manufacturing difficulties restrict
the number of bimetallic combinations actually in use.

Based on Betzalel Avitzur et al., “Criterion for the Prevention of Core Fracture during
Extrusion of Bimetal Rods,” Journal of Engineering for Industry, 1983, 293-30

10
8
 What I Have Learned

Using the semantic map below, write all your key learning from the lesson.

What I Can Do

Define “COVID-19” using the rules you have learned. You may also choose to use the
outline below to help you in writing a good definition paragraph. Write your answer on a
separate sheet of paper.

Topic sentence: COVID-19 is_________________________________________

 First (supporting Point#1) + (Fact, reason, or detail)
 In addition (supporting point #2) + (Fact, reason, example or detail)
 Finally, (supporting Point #3 + (Fact, reason, example or detail)
 Conclusion: In the end, COVID 19 is_____________________________

The following score guide may be used to rate your output.

Description Highest point Your Score

Clear topic sentence 5 points
Evidences and examples are specific and 3 points
accurate
Mechanics of writing are observed 2 points
Total 10 points

Additional Activities
Write a definition paper about the meaning of maturity. Make sure to have a good thesis
statement and introduction, coherent discussion of supporting details, and sound
conclusion. The previous rubric may also be used to score your output.

Notes to the Teacher 11

8

You may use different rubric to assess learners’ writing tasks.

Lesson
Exemplification and Classification
4
In the previous lessons, you have learned the differences between and among narrative,
descriptive, and definition paragraphs. Now, you will familiarize yourself with two of the
most common patterns of paragraph development – exemplification and classification.

What’s in

As you unravel the unique patterns of development in writing exemplification and

classification paragraphs and how to incorporate them in your own writing, you must first
begin to learn how to identify the basic parts of these patterns – topic sentence,
classifications (types, categories), examples (illustrations) and transitional expressions.
These can be used in writing other papers with different purposes other than telling a story,
describing something or defining a concept.

What’s New

Read the passage carefully. Once finished, copy on a separate sheet and fill out the table
with the appropriate words that match the headings below:

Humans are often harmed by pollution. The presence of the hazardous

substances brought about by these three major types of pollution: land, air and water
gravely affects our health. For instance, a person may acquire skin problems and other
deformities from the toxic wastes present in the land that we live in such as garbage,
pesticides, heavy metals and other chemicals. Air pollution caused by toxic gases, solid
and liquid particles or aerosols, and other hazardous air pollutants adversely
contaminate the air that we breathe. Long-term exposure to air pollutants has been
linked with diseases of the heart and lungs, cancers and other health problems. Lastly,
water pollution observed in our primary water sources like oceans, rivers, and lakes is
caused by the presence of industrial wastes, sewage and waste waters, chemical
fertilizers and pesticides to be specific. Infectious diseases can be acquired through
contaminated water and can cause cholera, jaundice, liver damage and stomach illness
in people.

Topic Sentence:
Classification Examples of Hazardous Substances
Pollution 1._________________ a.__________________________________
b.__________________________________
c.__________________________________
d. __________________________________
2. Air a. .__________________________________
b.__________________________________
c.__________________________________

a.__________________________________
3. b.__________________________________
__________________ c.__________________________________
d. __________________________________
e. __________________________________

Transitional
expressions:

Study the accomplished table. How can you say that the words and phrases that you
have just written all exemplify that of the (a) topic sentence, (b) classification, (c)
examples and d) transition words?

If you were able to justify your answers, then, you are now ready to learn more about
the characteristics and features of exemplification and classification as patterns of
development in writing.

What is It

Exemplification (or illustration) is the most common and effective pattern to explain an
idea or point. In developing this kind of paragraph, the writer develops a general
statement –the topic sentence, with one or more examples to support it.

Here are some transitional expressions in writing effective exemplification paragraphs:

for instance, namely, to be specify, to clarify, to illustrate, for example, in short,as an
example.

On the other hand, classification is used when a writer needs to sort out or arrange
subjects to groups or categories based on their common and shared characteristics.

Here are some transitional expressions in writing effective classification paragraphs:

classified as, one kind, the last group, another kind, another, final type, the first category,
are categorized as, the next part.

Remember that you can use both exemplification and classification in developing a 13
8

paragraph by simply identifying categories on a particular subject and providing

examples or illustration to explain and clarify meaning.
 What’s More

Read the excerpt that follows. You may take down notes as you read it. After reading the
excerpt, you need to do the following:

1. Indicate the pattern of paragraph development used and illustrate it by using any
appropriate type of graphic organizer to visually display the ideas or concepts
presented.
2. Using your graphic organizer, write your improved version of the paragraph by using
the appropriate transitional expressions.

An excerpt from Appassionato

“Passion is visceral. It stands outside traditional thinking. It ignores
conventions like distance, time, and social acceptance. It dares into uncharted
waters. It is used to be primarily associated with romantic love. Today, thanks to
authors like Tom Peters and Nancy Austin (A Passion for Excellence), passion’s
boundaries have been extended to embrace work, entrepreneurial endeavours,
corporate success.”
Source: Marella Therese A. Tiongson and Maxine Rafaella C. Rodriguez, Reading and
Writing Skills Quezon City: Rex Publishing Inc, 2016, 101-103

What I Have Learned

Reflect on what you have learned today by completing the diagram below:

Write INSIDE the Write some

circle the most questions or
valuable learning clarifications
that you gained OUTSIDE the
from the lesson.
circle.

14
8

What I Can Do
Choose at least one from the situations below.

Writing Task 1: You are the editor-in-chief of your school’s publication. The school paper
adviser requires you to write a 2-3 paragraph opinion article about the COVID-19 pandemic for
a special edition paper.

You need to take side and be specific in explaining your point of view by proving clear examples
and illustrations to support your arguments.
Writing Task 2: You are one of the business proprietors at your school’s on-going Business
Expo. An interested customer sent you an e-mail asking about the different types of products
you sell.

You need to respond to the e-mail in 2-3 paragraphs indicating the classification of your
products. To encourage your customer to avail, your message must contain the product’s
category, specific features and prices.

Here is the rubric for your writing task:

Criteria Descriptions Total Your

Score Score
Paragraph Structure Clearly states the main idea to capture the
( Topic Sentence, reader’s attention, adds concrete and 5 pts.
Supporting details and interesting details and brings closure to the
Conclusion)
paragraph written.
Transitional Effectively uses a high degree of appropriate 5 pts.
Expressions transitions to show development from one
sentence to another
Grammar and Has no spelling, punctuation and grammatical 2 pts.
Punctuation errors
Total 12 pts

Additional Activities

Write an exemplification or a classification paragraph on any suitable subject or topic in

your respective context/locality. Make sure to include a topic sentence, supporting details,
conclusion and transitional expressions in your written text. The same rubrics will be used
in assessing your output.

15
8
 Lesson
Comparison and Contrast
5

Sometimes, you’ll be asked by your teachers to perform tasks which would require you to
make intelligent choices. School writing activities may require you to do comparison and
contrast, in which you focus on similarities and differences of ideas. By assigning you such
writing activities, you are encouraged to make connections between text and ideas and
engage you in critical thinking.

What’s In

Classification as pattern of development of writing makes you associate similar things or

process by grouping them into classes or categories. Try this! Choose the word/s that
do/does not belong on each line then write a category name for each group (i.e. rose,
banana, sun flower, daisy = banana/flowers).

1. German Shepherd, Golden Retriever, Persian Siamese, Siberian Husky

2. on land, by water, by air, by bus
3. carrot, cabbage, radish, onion
4. jazz, rock, pop, ballet
5. Coins, Dollar, Yen, Franc

Each item gives you a hint over a certain category. That’s similar to our previous lesson
about exemplification and classification. However, although these words belong to the same
group, each of them have similarities and differences, which will be the focus of this lesson
on comparison and contrast.

What’s New

Using the Venn diagram, jot down words and phrases showing similarities and differences
between Junior High School and Senior High School.

Junior High School Senior High School

16
8
 What is It

Comparison in writing discusses elements that are similar while contrast in writing
discusses elements or ideas that are different. A compare-and-contrast essay, then analyzes
two subjects comparing them, contrasting them, or both. However, its purpose is not to
simply state the obvious but rather to illustrate subtle differences or unexpected similarities
between two subjects.

As a writer, you should help the readers see how these two ideas are similar or different by
showing them its advantages and disadvantages so they are able to weigh the pros and cons
before they make judgment or decision. Take a look at this example.

Source: Jenn, Kepka, Oregon Writes Open Writing Text. 2015, accessed May 21, 2020,
https://openoregon.pressbooks.pub/oregonwrites/chapter/comparison-and-contrast/

My sisters are as different as yin and yang in terms of personality, appearance and
intelligence. Tina, the middle child in the family, prefers staying at home than going out
with her friends. She is slim, petite and has dark skin. As she is not sociable, she finds
friends with the characters from the books she reads most of the time. In addition, she is
very clever in subjects like Math and Science which made her graduate with Highest Honors
from Senior High School. In contrast, my youngest sister, Joni, is the opposite. She has an
outgoing and friendly personality. There is never a dull moment as she is always ready with
stories to tell. She is tall with a round plump face and fair skin. Being the youngest in the
family, she is often asked to perform during family gatherings since she sings and dances
well. My sisters may be different from each other but they adore one another.

There are two common ways to organize comparison/contrast paragraph or essay. The
Block Method is used to compare and contrast two subjects one at a time. You may begin
by saying everything you have to say about the first subject you are discussing then move
on and write everything about your second subject. If you are writing a short paragraph or
essay, you might be able to fit all of your points about each item. However, if you would
want to address one subject at a time, you may use Point-by-point comparison.

Some cohesive devices you can use in showing similarities are likewise, similar to, same
with, like, in the same manner. To show contrast, cue words such as: on the other hand,
however, while, different with, in contrast and the like.

Source: Williams, Madalyn. February 21, 2017, accessed May 20, 2020
https://prezi.com/hdigz1iuziht/comparing-the-block-method-and-the-point-by-point-method/

What’s More

Create compare-and-contrast paper outline using either Point-by-point or Block Method by comparing
or contrasting Junior High School and Senior High School. Be guided by the rubric below.

17
8
 Description Highest point Your Score
Has a clear and strong-hook topic sentence 5 points
Evidences and examples are specific 3 points
Has no errors in grammar, spelling and 2 points
punctuation marks
Total 10 points

What I Have Learned

Complete the following statements to summarize what you have learned in this lesson.

 A compare-and-contrast writing analyzes two subjects by __________.

 The purpose of writing a comparison or contrast essay is not to state the obvious but
__________.
 The two main organizing strategies for compare-and-contrast writing are: __________
and __________.

What I Can Do

Write a five (5) to seven (7) sentence paragraph based on the outline you created regarding
the similarity/difference of Junior High School and Senior High School.
Description Highest point Your Score
Has appropriate quality of well-organized points to 5 points
support the topic
Uses specified format/style 3 points
Grammar, spelling and punctuation marks are 2 points
correct
Total 10 points

Additional Activities

Brainstorm an essay topic leaning towards comparison or contrast. Choose one among the
three items then come up with at least one similarity and three differences. The rubric in
“What’s More” segment may still apply to this activity.

 Cell phone units and brands

 Fast food chains and fine dining restaurants
 Enrolling in college or getting employed after Senior High School

18
8