DBMS Notes 2
DBMS Notes 2
Application of DBMS=Telecom
BANKING
ONLINE SHOPPING
EDUCATI0ON SECTOR
Disadvantages
1) It is also called view level. because several users can view their
desired data from this level which is internally fetched from
database
2)It is also called logical level. The whole design of the database such as
relationship among data, schema of data etc. are described in this level.
3) This level is also known as physical level. This level describes how the data
is actually stored in the storage devices
o Data independence refers characteristic of being able to modify the schema at
one level of the database system without altering the schema at the next higher
level.
Data transparency=The ability to easily access and work with data no matter
where they are located or what application created them
KEY= it is ATTRIBUTES
2)it is used for identifying unique rows from table.
1. E-R Model
2. Object oriented Model
1. Relational Model
2. Hierarchical Model
Physical Data Models – These models describe data at the lowest level of
abstraction.
ER MODEL
An ER model is a design or blueprint of a database that can later be
implemented as a database. The main components of E-R model are: entity
set and relationship set.
THREE COMPONENTS
JOINS= Keyword is used in SQL queries for joining two or more tables
used for combining column from two or more tables by using values common to
both tables.
TYPES
Inner Join=used to return all the values that have matching values in both the
tables Equi Join=uses the equivalence condition for fetching the value
Natural
Outer Join=used to return the records in both the tables whether it has matching
records in both the tables or not.
Left-Outer Join
Right-Outer Join
Full-Outer Join
Functional dependency= describe the relationship between attribute
1. Trivial functional dependency
2. Non-Trivial functional dependency
3. Multivalued functional =it consists of at least two attributes that are
dependent on a third attribute
4. Transitive functional dependency
Deadlock=A deadlock is a condition wherein two or more tasks are waiting for
each other in order to be finished but none of the task is willing to give up the
resources that other task needs