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Electricity

This document discusses key concepts related to electricity including electric current, electric circuits, and potential difference. It defines current as the rate of flow of charge and ampere as the SI unit. An electric circuit is a closed path along which electric current flows. Potential difference refers to the work done moving a charge between two points and is measured in volts. Common circuit elements such as batteries, resistors, and measuring devices are also introduced.

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46 views

Electricity

This document discusses key concepts related to electricity including electric current, electric circuits, and potential difference. It defines current as the rate of flow of charge and ampere as the SI unit. An electric circuit is a closed path along which electric current flows. Potential difference refers to the work done moving a charge between two points and is measured in volts. Common circuit elements such as batteries, resistors, and measuring devices are also introduced.

Uploaded by

Someone 123
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Chapter – Electricity

Topics:
Electric Current
Electric Circuit
Potential Difference

Formulae:
● Q=n×e
𝐶ℎ𝑎𝑟𝑔𝑒 𝑄
● I= 𝑡𝑖𝑚𝑒
= 𝑡

𝑊
● V= 𝑄

Important Points:
● Rate of flow of net charge is called current. Denoted by (I)
● Electric current can also be defined as the amount of charge flowing through a unit
cross-section in per second.
● Ampere -Defined as one coulomb of charge flowing per second.
1𝐶
1A = 1𝑠
= 1Cs-1

● In an electric circuit the electric current flow in an opposite direction to the flow of
electron (–ve charge).This current is called conventional current. It flows from the
+ve terminal battery or cell to –ve terminal.
● Ammeter: It is an instrument used to measure the electric current in a circuit. It is
always connected in series in a circuit.  It has low resistance (practically). Ideally
ammeter’s resistance must be zero.
● A closed path along which the electric current flows is called electric circuit.
● Work done in carrying a unit charge from one point to another in an electric circuit
is called potential difference.
● SIunit of potential difference – Volt. Denoted  by “V”.
● One Volt - When 1 Joule of work is done in carrying one coulomb (1C)of charge
from one point to another of a current carrying conductor then the potential
difference is said to be IV.

● Voltmeter - It is an instrument used to measure the potential difference


● It is always connected in parallel across the points between which the potential
difference is to be measured. It has high resistance.
● Cell is the simplest device to maintain potential difference.
● Current always flow from higher potential to lower potential.
● A circuit diagram (electrical diagram, elementary diagram, electronic schematic) is a
graphical representation of an electric circuit.

Answer the following:


1 What does an electric circuit mean ? 1
m
2 Define the unit of current 1
m
3 Calculate the number of electrons constituting one coulomb of charge. 1
m
4 Name a device that helps to maintain a potential difference across a conductor. 1
m
5 What is meant by saying that the potential difference between two points is IV? 1
m
6 How much energy is given to each coulomb of charge passing through a 6 V 1
battery ? m
7 How is a voltmeter connected in the circuit to measure the potential difference 1
between two points ? m
8 What is meant by electric current? Name and define its SI unit. In a conductor 5
electrons are flowing from B to A. What is the direction of conventional current? m
Give justification for your answer.
A steady current of 1 ampere flows through a conductor. Calculate the number
of electrons that flows through any section of the conductor in 1 second.
(Charge on electron 1.6 X 10-19 coulomb).
9 Define 1 volt. Express it in terms of SI unit of work and charge calculate the 2
amount of energy consumed in carrying a charge of 1 coulomb through a m
battery of 3 V.
10 Draw a labelled circuit diagram showing three resistors R1, R2 and R3 connected 2
in series with a battery (E), a rheostat (Rh), a plug key (K) and an ammeter (A) m
using standard circuit symbol. Use this circuit to show that the same current
flows through every part of the circuit.
11 How is an ammeter connected in a circuit to measure current flowing through 1
it? m
12 What do the following circuit symbols represent? 1
m

13 The charge possessed by an electron is 1.6 X 10-19 coulombs. Find the number 1
of electrons that will flow per second to constitute a current of 1 ampere. m
14 Explain the role of fuse in series with any electrical appliance in an electric 2
circuit. Why should a fuse with defined rating for an electric circuit not be m
replaced by one with a larger rating?
15 State the relation between work, charge and potential difference for an electric 2
circuit. m
Calculate the potential difference between the two terminals of a battery if 100
J of work is required to transfer 20 C of charge from one terminal of the battery
to the other.
16 What is an electric circuit? Distinguish between an open and a closed circuit. 1
m
17 Name a device that helps to maintain a potential difference across a conductor. 1
m

xxxx

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