9/16/22, 11:59 AM Valve Shutoff Classifications - The Process Piping
Valve Shutoff Classifications
Often when commissioning or
troubleshooting automatic
control valves, there’s a
discovery that the control valve,
even though fully closed, doesn’t
fully shut off the flow of process
fluid through the plug and seat.
Although closed, there is an
“allowable leakage rate” as part
of each control valve’s
specification. Industry standards
have been established for the
control valve’s regarding the
amount of permissible leakage of
the process fluid through the
valve’s seat. Specifically, ANSI
Standard 70-2 provides the
outline for six shutoff
classifications.
Shutoff classifications are
determined by a percentage of a
test fluid (usually water or air)
that passes through the valve, as
part of valves rated capacity.
Shutoff classifications range
from ANSI Class I, where the
valve does not require tight
shutoff, to ANSI Class VI,
where shutoff must be
completely or nearly bubble
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9/16/22, 11:59 AM Valve Shutoff Classifications - The Process Piping
tight. The following briefly
describes each shutoff
classification and maximum
leakage rates for each.
Types of
Shutoff
Classifications
ANSI Class I – The ANSI Class
I shutoff is an open classification
that does not require a test, while
allowing for a specified
agreement between the user and
the valve manufacturer as for the
required leakage. Class I shutoff
is also known as dust tight
shutoff.
ANSI Class II – The ANSI
Class II shutoff is 0.5 percent of
rated valve capacity and is
associated with double ported
seats or pressure balanced trims
where metal piston rings and
metal-to-metal seat surfaces are
used.
ANSI Class III – The ANSI
Class II shutoff is 0.1 percent of
rated valve capacity and is
associated with the same type of
valves listed in Class II, but used
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9/16/22, 11:59 AM Valve Shutoff Classifications - The Process Piping
for applications that require
improves shutoff.
ANSI Class IV – The ANSI
Class IV shutoff is 0.01 percent
of rated valve capacity and is
associated with single seated
valves with metal-to-metal
seating surfaces. ANSI Class IV
shutoff is the industry standard.
ANSI Class V – The ANSI
Class V shutoff is defined as
0.0005 cm2/min per inch of
orifice diameter per pound per
square inch (psi) differential.
Class V is unique in that it is the
only shutoff classification where
the allowable seat leakage is
allowed to vary according to the
orifice diameter and the
differential pressure (pressure
drop).
This shutoff classification is
necessary for those applications
where a throttling or control
valve is used as a blocking valve
that is required to stay closed for
lengthy periods against a high
pressure drop.
ANSI Class VI – The ANSI
Class VI shutoff is commonly
referred to as bubble tight
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9/16/22, 11:59 AM Valve Shutoff Classifications - The Process Piping
shutoff and is associated with
metal-to-elastomer soft seating
surfaces or metal-to-metal seat
with extremely high seating
loads. Class VI is independent of
the pressure differential.
Both ANSI Classes V and VI
were developed for throttling
valves where shutoff is a
primary focus.
Control Valve
Seat Leakage
Classifications
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