90

0kV MIC
CROFO
OCUS X-RAY
X SOURC
S CE

L1
11831--01

IN
NSTRUC
CTION MANUA
M AL

T
Thank you for purchas sing the Haamamatsu L11831
L -01M
Microfocus X-ray Sourrce.
B
Before beg ginning insstallation aand operation, read this instrruction ma anual
c
carefully an
nd follow th
he instructtion. You must
m also make
m safetyy arrangem
ments
n
necessary for
f handling g X-ray souurces beforre and durin
ng operationn.

Warnin
ng!
TThe L118311-01 generates X-rays, exposure to t which co ould lead to
o serious boodily
iinjury. Use
e is limited to person ns trained in the requ uired safetty precautioons,
ggovernmen ntal health regulations
r s, and operaational characteristicss of the dev
vice.
AAny user oro reseller of this de evice in thee USA mus st be familliar with (C
CFR)
11020.40 that regulate es the us e of X-ray y generatin ng devicess. Other lo ocal
rregulations
s usually appply.
RResellers of
o this devic ce may be regulated by b provisio ons of the FFood and Drug
D
AAdministration Act thrrough the C Center for Devices
D and
d Radiologiccal Health. The
CCompliance e Office forr this agenc
cy can be reached at (301)
( 594-46654, or conntact
tthe Food and
a Drug Administrat
A tion Office of Small Manufactur
M res Assistaance
((800) 638-2041. Please e be aware e that this device
d could be cons idered either a
""Cabinet X--ray Systemm" or an "Inndustrial X-ray System m" used in aan X-ray fac
cility
ddepending on the app plication. Usser and res
sellers shouuld familiariize themselves
wwith the applicable
a regulation
ns for botth of thes se areas aand make an
iindependennt determin nation as to how the de evice is reg
gulated.

Ver.2.0.0

HAMAMAT
H TSU PHOTO ONICS K. K.
K
Electro
ron Tube Division
90 kV Microfocus X-Ray Source L11831-01 Instruction Manual

(This page is blank.)

 Microfocus X-Ray Source Instruction Manual

About This Manual

This instruction manual explains how to use Hamamatsu microfocus X-ray source.

Please note the following points regarding this manual.

 This product may not exhibit the desired performance if used without following the
instructions given in this manual. Improper use may impair the protective function of this
product. Always comply with the instructions in this manual and use this product correctly.
 To use this product correctly and safely, be sure to read this manual before installing and
operating it after unpacking and comply with the instructions.
 Keep this instruction manual near the product for easy reference when needed.
 If this manual is lost or damaged, immediately contact us for an additional copy.
 If transferring this product to another user, make sure that this manual is included along
with the product and make sure the new user will become familiar with the contents of this
manual.
 Reproduction or copying of this manual in part or in whole, in any form, (including
electronic media) as well as translation into other languages is prohibited without the
permission of Hamamatsu Photonics.
 Contents of this manual are subject to change without prior notice.
 This manual has been carefully prepared to avoid errors and omissions. However, if you
find any part unclear or inaccurate, please contact our sales office or the Electron Tube
Division of Hamamatsu Photonics at the address below.
 We are not liable for any failure or damage caused by natural or man-made disasters such
as fire, earthquake, flood, and thunderbolt.

Hamamatsu Photonics K. K.
Electron Tube Division
314-5, Shimokanzo, Iwata City, Shizuoka Pref., 438-0193, Japan
Telephone: +81-539-62-5248, Fax: +81-539-62-2205

i
 Microfocus X-Ray Source Instruction Manual

Warning Symbols
This manual uses warning symbols and signal words to show caution items required for
handling the microfocus X-ray source correctly and safely. Be sure to read these
cautions carefully before attempting to install or operate the microfocus X-ray source
and observe the cautions and warnings.
Warning symbols used in this manual or directly affixed to the microfocus X-ray source
are classified by signal words as explained below. Make sure that you thoroughly
understand the meaning of each signal word and comply with the instructions.

"DANGER" indicates an imminently hazardous situation which, if

DANGER not avoided, will result in death or serious injury.

"WARNING" indicates a potentially hazardous situation which, if

WARNING not avoided, could result in death or serious injury.

"CAUTION" indicates a potentially hazardous situation which, if

CAUTION not avoided, could result in minor or moderate injury or damage to
the equipment.

Examples of safety alert symbols

Example Meaning

This warning symbol indicates a caution or warning you must observe.

A specific caution or warning is indicated by this symbol. Always follow the
instructions.

This symbol indicates a prohibited action. The specific prohibited action is often
indicated by this symbol. Never attempt the prohibited action.

This symbol indicates a mandatory action. The specific instruction is indicated by

this symbol. Always follow the instruction.

This manual and product also use the following warning symbols. Make sure that you
understand the meaning of each symbol.

X-RAYS EMITTED WHEN

BERYLLIUM IS TOXIC
TURNED ON

HIGH VOLTAGE IS GENERATED HIGH TEMPERATURE!

AVOID ELECTRICAL SHOCK BE CAREFUL TO AVOID
HAZARD BURN INJURY

PROTECTIVE EARTH TERMINAL

DO NOT DISASSEMBLE OR
ALWAYS GROUND TO THIS
MODIFY
TERMINAL

MANDATORY ACTION FOR

THE USER

ii
 Microfocus X-Ray Source Instruction Manual

Safety Precautions
 This product generates X-rays and must therefore be used only under the supervision
of qualified personnel.
 This product shall be used in compliance with health and safety regulations enforced
in order to prevent health hazards problems due to ionizing radiation.
 Read the precautions below and observe the instructions to use this product safely
and correctly. For more details, refer to the international or domestic laws and
regulations relating to ionizing radiation and comply with the required procedures.

WARNING

X-rays are harmful to the human body.

This equipment generates X-rays harmful to the human body. Use sufficient
caution when handling the equipment to avoid direct or inadvertent exposure
to X-rays.
Install the X-ray source in an X-ray shielded cabinet or room equipped with
safety interlock functions to prevent accidental exposure to X-rays. Also
verify that X-ray leakage at maximum tube voltage and maximum tube
current from the X-ray shielded cabinet or room during X-ray emission is no
higher than the level defined by applicable regulations.
During warm-up, this product emits X-rays at the maximum tube voltage and
maximum tube current that can occur at maximum tube voltage.

Beryllium can be harmful to the human body.

Beryllium can be harmful to the human body.
Do not touch the output window of the X-ray source. The output window of
the X-ray source is made of very thin beryllium foil, so touching the window
may damage it. Beryllium dust particles can cause acute toxicity or chronic
toxicity, and may induce respiratory problems if inhaled. If the window is
broken, immediately turn off the power switch and, using a cloth moistened
with water, wipe off the beryllium dust particles that flew out. If these come in
contact with your hands, wash the particles off your hands with soap.
Beryllium must be disposed of in compliance with the specified regulations.
When the X-ray source has reached its life end and needs to be discarded,
comply with the regulations specified in your country or consult us for correct
disposal.

Do not disassemble or modify the equipment.

Do not disassemble or modify any part of this equipment. Disassembly and
modification may damage the internal circuitry causing malfunction or
disabling X-ray emission.
An extremely high voltage is used in this equipment. In order to avoid
electrical shock or malfunction, never remove any of the equipment panels
or covers.

iii
 Microfocus X-Ray Source Instruction Manual

WARNING

Do not apply shock or vibration to this product.

This product is a high-precision piece of equipment. Handle it with extreme care
so as not to apply shock or vibration. Breakdown or malfunction may result if
subjected to drop impacts or excessive vibration during transportation,
installation or operation.

Do not install in locations where soot, humidity, steam or dust is

present in large quantities.
Soot, humidity, steam, dust and corrosive gases have adverse effects on this
product and also can cause electrical shock or fire. Avoid using this product in
such environments.

Do not use this product in atmosphere where organic solvents or

flammable gases are present.
A spark discharge, if generated due to operation trouble in the equipment, may
induce explosion.

Do not use this product in locations where chlorine gases are

generated.
Chlorine gases can corrode the beryllium window of the X-ray tube and damage
the X-ray tube. Do not use this product in locations where chlorine gases are
generated.
Use extremely caution when handling a sample such as a vinyl chlorine object
which may generate chlorine gases.

Do not use any power supply other than specified.

Using other than the specified power supply may cause electrical shock or fire.

Do not use any power cable other than specified.

Using other than the specified power cable may cause electrical shock or fire.

Always connect the X-ray source to a protective earth terminal.

To avoid possible electrical shock, by using the protective earth cable provided,
please connect the X-ray source to a protective earth terminal of the inspection
instrument or the inspection room which the MFX is installed , or to a protective
earth terminal of the building.(See “Part Names and Functions.)

Do not allow any foreign matter to enter this product.

If any foreign matter or liquid enters this product, immediately stop X-rays and
cut off the external +24 V dc supply. Continuous operation under such conditions
may cause electrical shock or fire. Consult our sales office about how to remove
foreign matter.

iv
 Microfocus X-Ray Source Instruction Manual

CAUTION

Do not use this product under abnormal conditions.

If smoke, unusual odor, or abnormal noise is coming from this product,
immediately stop X-rays and cut off the external +24 V dc supply. Consult our
sales office about how to troubleshoot.

Do not apply excessive force to the power connector plug and other
connector plugs.
When unplugging the power connector plug or other connector plugs, do not tug
on the cables or bend them excessively. Do not bend the cables more than 90
degrees or do nor place heavy objects on them to avoid damage. Using a
damaged cable may cause electrical shock, fire or malfunction. Contact our
sales office if any cable is damaged.

Allow a space between the air vents and a wall or other objects.
If the air vents of this product are blocked by a wall or other objects, the internal
temperature may rise excessively to a level causing fire. Install this product in
environments with good ventilation and never block the air vents.
Provide a space of at least 100 mm from the cooling fan vent to a wall or other
objects, and also provide a space of at least 50 mm from the air vents with no
cooling fan to a wall or other objects.

Do not use in locations with excessively low or high temperature.

Use this product at an ambient temperature within the specified ratings.
Operation at an extremely low or high temperature may cause malfunction or
breakdown. The optimal temperature range is from +10 ℃ to +40 ℃.

Do not use in locations with excessively low or high humidity.

Use this product at ambient humidity within the specified rating. Operation at an
extremely low or high humidity may cause malfunction or breakdown. The
optimal humidity range is from 20 % to 85 %. Do not leave this product in a
low-humid environment such as in dry rooms, except for a short period of time
during transportation such as by air.

Do not apply force to the X-ray output window or scratch it.

The X-ray output window uses extremely thin beryllium. Applying force to this
portion or letting it become scratched can damage the beryllium window and
weaken the vacuum level in the X-ray tube, causing malfunction. Take special
care when handling this product.

Do not move or ship this product while still attached to other

equipment.
Before moving or shipping, always remove this product from the equipment
where installed. Use the original box in which the product was packed when
shipped to you.

Never remove the warning labels affixed to this product.

The warning labels are needed in order to use this product safely. Never remove
them or allow them to become dirty or illegible.
If the labels are peeling off, contact our sales office for additional labels.

v
 Microfocus X-Ray Source Instruction Manual

CAUTION

Make sure that the interlock terminal and wiring are properly insulated.
If the interlock terminal or power supply line makes contact with a grounded part
or the case of this product, this may cause malfunction or breakdown.
Also be careful not to allow the input power line to make contact with a grounded
part or the case of this product.

Do not bring an object that generates magnetic fields close to this

product.
During X-ray emission, do not bring a magnet or any object that generates
magnetic fields to this product. Magnetic fields may cause abnormal X-ray
emissions or damage the internal X-ray tube.

Comply with local regulations when disposing of this product.

This product uses lead, its compound, beryllium and insulating oil. When
disposing of this product, take appropriate measures in compliance with
applicable regulations regarding waste disposal, and correctly dispose of it
yourself, or entrust proper disposal to a licensed industrial waste disposal
company. In any case, be sure to comply with the regulations in your country or
state to ensure correct disposal.

Prepare a stable external power supply.

If stable power is not available, use a regulated power supply. The circuits in this
product may be damaged by momentary power outage, power failure, noise, or
waveform distortion. Take precautions when handling the power supply.

Always stop X-rays before opening the door of the X-ray cabinet or
enclosure.
To prevent accidental exposure to X-rays in case the interlock device is
defective, always be sure to stop X-ray emission before opening the door of
the X-ray shielded cabinet or room.

Install the safety switches for the interlocks 1 and 2 on the door of the
X-ray cabinet or enclosure.
To prevent accidental X-ray exposure in case the interlock circuit fails, install two
safety switches at the door. Connect one to” interlock 1” circuit and the other to
“interlock 2” circuit. In addition, the customer should install another safety circuit
separately in order to comply with international safety standards (Safety: EN
61010-1).

vi
 Microfocus X-Ray Source Instruction Manual

CAUTION

Install this product correctly and securely.

Install this product securely in the correct manner described in this manual. If
this product is installed incorrectly, it may fall over and sustain damage during
operation. When mounting this product in other equipment, use the screw holes
provided on this product and secure it with the specified screws.

When using this product after installation, remove the protective cover
fitted to the X-ray output window.
A protective cover is fitted to the X-ray output window to protect the window.
Remove the protective cover when using this product after installation.

Oil may leak out after long periods of operation.

High-voltage insulating oil is used in this product. The oil may leak out when this
product deteriorates after long periods of operation. If an oil leak occurs,
immediately stop X-rays and cut off the external 24 V dc power supply. Then
consult us for information on how to handle the leak.

Provide a key switch which should be used under the supervision of

qualified personnel.
Provide a key switch for the X-ray equipment in which this product is installed.
The key should be used only under the supervision of qualified personnel.

Observe the precautions.

When using this product, always observe the precautions described in this
manual.

Provide appropriate design for safety measures.

We are constantly making every effort to improve product quality and reliability,
but this does not guarantee complete safety of this product. In particular, when
this product is to be used in equipment or systems which might cause personal
injury, fatal accident or damage to property if handled improperly, implement
safety measures that take potential problems fully into account.

Give proper instructions to the end user about the use.

When giving instructions to the end user about how to use this product or the
equipment using this product, please explain the detailed functions, performance
and correct handling of this product or the equipment using this product as well
as safety information including warning labels and displays.

The RS-232C cable length must be less than 5 meters.

Use a crossover cable (null modem cable) for the RS-232C cable. The cable
length should be less than 5 meters.

vii
 Microfocus X-Ray Source Instruction Manual

CAUTION

Be careful of the environment where this product is used or stored,

since the beryllium window may be easily damaged by corrosive gases.
If dust or dirt adheres to the beryllium window, gently blow it off with an air
blower, etc. Also be careful of the environment where this product is used or
stored, since the beryllium window may be easily damaged by corrosive gases
such as chlorine gas.

The X-ray emission signal must be output to an externally connected

indicator lamp or similar device.

Do not move this product during X-ray emission.

Moving this product during X-ray emission may damage the internal X-ray tube.

Do not connect the external power supply to the “interlock 1” or

“interlock 2” terminal.
If the external power supply is connected to the "interlock 1" or “interlock 2”
terminal, this product may malfunction.

The "interlock 1" and "interlock 2" circuits must be independent of

each other.
The circuits connected to the "interlock 1" and "interlock 2" terminals must be
independent of each other. If the voltage for the “interlock 1” circuit enters the
“interlock 2” circuit, this product may malfunction.

This product becomes high temperature.

There is a risk of burn injury.
Do not touch the product during operation and after the usage immediately.

NOTICE

For USA-California Only:

The CR Coin Cell Lithium Batteries in this product contain
Perchlorate Material- special handling may apply,
See http://www.dtsc.ca.gov/hazardouswaste/perchlorate/
(ZT3-C032-12)

viii
 90 kV Microfocus X-Ray Source L11831-01 Instruction Manual

Table of contents
About This Manual ................................................................................................ i
Warning Symbols ..................................................................................................ii
Safety Precautions ............................................................................................... iii

1. General Description .................................................................................. 2

2. Unpacking Precautions ............................................................................ 2
3. Features ..................................................................................................... 2
4. System Configuration ............................................................................... 3
5. Installation Precautions ............................................................................ 4
6. Specifications and Ratings and Standards............................................. 5
6.1 Specifications ........................................................................................................ 5
6.2 Ratings .................................................................................................................. 6
6.3 Standards ............................................................................................................. 6
7. Part names and Functions ....................................................................... 7
8. Connections ............................................................................................ 10
8.1 Connecting the cables ........................................................................................ 10
8.2 Assembling the connector plugs ........................................................................ 12
8.3 Wiring block diagram ......................................................................................... 14
9. Operation ................................................................................................. 15
9.1 Self-test ............................................................................................................... 16
10. Precautions when creating Programs ................................................... 18
11. Errors and Failures ................................................................................. 19
12. Replacing the coin battery ..................................................................... 22
13. Warranty, Repair, Disposal and Maintenance ....................................... 24
13.1 Warranty ........................................................................................................... 24
13.2 Repair ................................................................................................................ 24
13.3 Disposal ............................................................................................................. 24
13.4 Maintenance and inspection............................................................................. 25
14. Dimensions .............................................................................................. 26
15. Appendix .................................................................................................. 27
15.1 Warm-up patterns ............................................................................................. 27
15.2. Warm-up completion check serial command (SWS) table ............................... 27
15.3. RS-232C cable connection................................................................................. 28
15.4. Command and response specifications ............................................................ 29
15.5. External control command list ......................................................................... 30
15.6. SER command description................................................................................ 33
15.7. Status transition diagram ................................................................................ 34
15.8. X-ray tube voltage / current operation guaranteed range............................... 35
15.9. Interlock circuit ................................................................................................ 36
15.10. Fail-safe circuit .............................................................................................. 37
15.11 RS-232C command response list .................................................................... 38

1
 90 kV Microfocus X-Ray Source L11831-01 Instruction Manual

1. General Description
The Hamamatsu microfocus X-ray source L11831-01 is a compact X-ray generator
designed for non-destructive inspection that operating at a maximum tube voltage up to
90 kV and a maximum tube current up to 200 µA. The L11831-01 consists of a
microfocus X-ray tube that generates X-rays, a high-voltage generator circuit, and a
control circuit, which are assembled together in one unit. The L11831-01 can be
operated and controlled from an external control unit (PC, etc.).

2. Unpacking Precautions
Follow the precautions below when unpacking.
(1) When this product is delivered, first check the external appearance of the packages.
If you notice damage probably caused during shipping, immediately contact our
sales office.
(2) After unpacking, first read this manual carefully before attempting installation or
connections " in this manual.)
(3) If any part is missing, immediately contact our sales office. (See “4. System
configuration”.)
(4) Keep the packing boxes even after unpacking and installation because these boxes
will still be needed to ship the product to your customer or return it to us if
problems occur. If for some reason the packing boxes are damaged, contact our sales
office.

3. Features
 All operations of this X-ray source are controlled from an external unit through the
RS-232C interface
 X-ray tube voltage and current are adjustable via RS-232C serial commands
 Automatic X-ray source warm-up under optimal conditions
 Built-in interlock circuits for safety
 Built-in overload protection circuit for detecting excessive X-ray tube voltage and
current

2
 90 kV Microfocus X-Ray Source L11831-01 Instruction Manual

4. System Configuration
 X-ray source (L11831-01) ·································································· 1

Accessories
 Power connector plug (3-pin plug) ....................................................................1
 Connector plug (2-pin plug) for interlock 1 ........................................................1
 Connector plug (4-pin plug) for interlock 2 and
X-ray emission signal output .............................................................................1
 Protective earth cable (green/yellow, 3 m) ........................................................1
 Protective cover (attached to X-ray tube at shipping) .......................................1
 Screws for protective cover (attached to X-ray tube at shipping) .....................3
 CD-ROM ............................................................................................................1
L11831-01 instruction manual (this manual)
Microfocus X-ray source control software
Microfocus X-ray source control software instruction manual

Items to be prepared by user

 External control unit (PC, etc.)
 RS-232C cable (See “15.3 RS-232C cable connection” in this manual.)
 X-ray cabinet or enclosure
 Interlock switches (See “8. Connections” in this manual.)
 Interlock cables (See “8. Connections” in this manual.)
 X-ray ON indicator unit (See “8. Connections” in this manual.)
 External power supply (+24 V dc) and power cable

3
 9 kV Microffocus X-Ray Source L118
90 831-01 Instru
uction Manuaal

5. Installation Precau
P tions

his product with

Install th w the prote ective cover sstill attached
d to the
W
WARNING
G X-ray ou utput windoww. Installing this
t product w
with the prote ective
cover re emoved may y damage the e X-ray outpuut window.

To install th
his product, use the metthod explain
ned below while referrin
ng to the
dimensiona al outlines in
n “14 Dimen
nsions" in thiis manual.

Install th
his product using
u the spe
ecified screw
w holes. Insta
allation
C
CAUTION
N using otther methods s may damag ge this produuct.

 ure this prod

To secu duct, use thee mounting screw
s holes (M6, depth: 8mm) show
wn in
the dim
mensional ouutlines and tthe appropriiate stainles
ss screws.
 Do not use the scre
ew holes useed for attach
hing the prottective coverr to the X-ra
ay
output window to secure
s this p
product.
 After seecurely installing this p
product, rem
move the prottective coverr from the X-ray
X
output window. Ke eep the proteective cover and screws (M3, length h: 5 mm) together
with th
he packages since they m may be needded for shipp
ping of this p
product.

When in nstalling this product usinng the mountting screw ho oles,

remove e the protectivve cover fromm the X-ray ooutput windo ow after
the insta
allation is co e protective ccover is removed
omplete. If the
C
CAUTION
N before i nstalling this ere is a risk oof breaking the
s product, the
X-ray ouutput window w during insta
allation, resuulting in damaage to
this prod
duct.

There iss no specific installation direction

d for tthis product.
When in nstalling this product, alloow a space oof at least 100 mm
C
CAUTION
N from the w or other oobjects, and at least
e cooling fan vents to a wall
50 mm from the ven ntilation slits to a wall or oother objects
s. (See
below.)
Wall or shielding enclosure

L11831-01
1 L11831-01

Exh
haust
Exhaust
50 mm or
0 mm or
50 100
0 mm or more
moore moore

Air i ntake

Exh
haust Exhaust
E

(ZT3-C022-14)
(

4
 90 kV Microfocus X-Ray Source L11831-01 Instruction Manual

6. Specifications and Ratings and Standards

6.1 Specifications
X-ray tube voltage setting range 0 to 90 kV
0 to 200 µA
X-ray tube current setting range (See “15.8 Guaranteed X-ray tube voltage /
current operation range” in this manual.)
40 kV to 90 kV (See "15.8 Guaranteed X-ray
X-ray tube voltage operation guaranteed
tube voltage / current operation range" in this
range
manual.)
10 µA to 200 µA (See "15.8 Guaranteed X-ray
X-ray tube current operation guaranteed
tube voltage / current operation range" in this
range
manual.)
Command input through serial
X-ray tube voltage setting method
communication interface from external control
(UP/DOWN)
unit (1 kV steps)
Command input through serial
X-ray tube current setting method
communication interface from external control
(UP/DOWN)
unit (1 µA steps)
Interlock External shorting method (Normally closed)
Interlock-1* +24 V dc
Interlock-2 +12 V dc
X-ray output window material Beryllium (thickness: 0.3 mm)
Focal spot size(at 90 kV) (nominal size) 15 µm
X-ray emission angle Approx. 80 degrees
Focal point to window distance (FOD) Approx. 11 mm
Target material Tungsten
Dimensions (W × H × D) 167 mm × 291 mm × 172 mm
Weight Approx. 9.0 kg
Interface: RS-232C (9-pin D-sub connector)
Communication method: Full duplex system
Data transfer speed: 38400 bps
Data bit length: 8 bits
Communication method Stop bit: 1
Parity: None
Flow control: None
Delimiter: CR
Echo back: None
* : Interlock-1 must be used to comply with FDA regulation.

5
 90 kV Microfocus X-Ray Source L11831-01 Instruction Manual

6.2 Ratings
Input power +24 V dc (+2.4 V, -0 V)
Power consumption Less than 100 W
Rated output Continuous rating
Operating temperature 10 C to 40 C
Storage temperature 0 C to 50 C
20 % to 85 % (no condensation)
Do not leave this product in a low-humid
Operating/storage humidity environment such as in dry rooms, except
for a short period of time during
transportation such as by air.
By using the protective earth cable
provided, please connect the X-ray source
to a protective earth terminal of the
Grounding
inspection instrument or the inspection
room which the X-ray source is installed, or
to a protective earth terminal of the building.

6.3 Standards
RoHS compliance standard EN 50581:2012 Category 9
EMC compliance standard EN 61326-1:2013 Group 1, Class A
Location for use Indoor use only
Altitude for use Up to 2000 meters
Overvoltage category I
Pollution degree 2
IP code IP 20

Overvoltage category I: Equipment to be connected to a circuit (24 V

secondary circuit) designed to limit the transient
voltage to a low level

Pollution degree 2: Environment where only non-conductive pollution

occurs

IP 20: Protected against solid objects over 12.5 mm in

diameter, but not protected against water

Operating environment
This equipment is designed and tested for use in an industrial environment.
If this equipment is used in residential areas, EMI (electro-magnetic interference) may
occur.
This equipment must not be used in residential areas.

6
 9 kV Microffocus X-Ray Source L118
90 831-01 Instru
uction Manuaal

7. Part na
ames and
a Fuunction
ns

(
(1)

2)
(2

(10)

(5)

(6)

(8) (3)

(4)
(9)
(7) (11)

(30
088-2)

(1) X-ray output

o wind
dow
X-rays are emitted d from this w
window.
A proteective cover is attached tto this wind
dow at shipm
ment, so rem
move it before
e use
after th
he installatio
on is compleete.

Doo not touch the X-ray output window oof the X-ray tube.
Beeryllium used d for the X-ra
ay output winndow can cau use
WARNING accute toxicity or
o chronic tox xicity when inn the form off dust
paarticles.

Thhe X-ray outp put window is made of a very thin beryllium

fo il. Do not apply force to the window ssurface or scratch it.
CAUT
TION If tthe beryllium
m window is damaged,
d thee X-ray tube will not
opperate norma ally.

(2) Mounting screw holes

h
These are
a M6 screw w holes (dep
pth 8 mm) foor installing this producct and provid
ded at
de, bottom, and top.
each off the 4 corners on one sid

7
 9 kV Microffocus X-Ray Source L118
90 831-01 Instru
uction Manuaal

(3) RS-232
2C connecttor (recepta
acle)
Interfa
ace for contro
ol from an exxternal conttrol unit. Use an RS-2322C cable to connect
c
to the external
e con
ntrol unit (PC
C, etc.).
(4) DC pow
wer input connector
c (rreceptacle)
Connecct this termiinal to an exxternal powe
er supply (+2
24 V dc). Usse the suppliied
connecttor plug to make
m the connnection.

Poower supply problems ma ay cause maalfunction or

brreakdown. Use a regulateed power suppply if the po
ower
CAUT
TION so
ource is unstable. When needed, usee an UPS
(u e power supply) to keep the power ev
uninterruptible ven if a
poower failure occurs.
o

(5) “INTER
RLOCK 1” terminal
t (re
eceptacle)
Terminnal for the in
nterlock circ uit that worrks with the power line (+24 V dc) fo or the
high vooltage circuit. Connect thhis receptaccle to an inte
erlock circuiit using the
supplieed "interlock
k 1" connectoor plug (2-piin plug). Opeening this innterlock circuit
should turn off thee power to th
he high volta t stop emittting X-rays. To
age section to
restart X-ray emisssion, close th
he interlock circuit and then send aan XON com mmand
again. .
To ensuure even higgher safety, a
also providee another intterlock circuuit using thee
INTER RLOCK-2 recceptacle desccribed below w. These two o interlock ciircuits mustt be
indepenndent of eacch other.
Alwayss use the sup
pplied "interrlock 1" conn
nector plug (2-pin
( plug) for connectiion to
this “IN
NTERLOCK K 1” receptaccle.

ck functions tto avoid possible

Allways provide the interloc
WAR
RNING exxposure to X-rays.

(6) “INTER
RLOCK 2” terminal
t (rreceptacle)
Termin nal for the in
nterlock circuuit that is separate from
m the above interlock cirrcuit
(INTER RLOCK-1). This
T receptaacle also hass terminal piins to provid
de an outputt signal
for exteernal indicattion of X-rayy emission.
Pin asssignment is as follows:
P
Pins 1 and 2:
2 For interloock
P
Pins 3 and 4:
4 For outputt signal to in ndicate X-ra
ay emission.
This in
nterlock circuuit should au utomaticallyy shuts off X-ray emissioon when pins 1 and
2 are oppened. To reestart X-ray emission, cllose the inteerlock circuitt and then send
s an
XON coommand aga ain.
Pins 3 and 4 should d close when n X-rays aree emitted, in
n order to turrn on an extternal
indicator lamp, etcc. .
To ensu
ure even hig
gher safety, a
also provide
e another intterlock circu
uit using the
e
INTERRLOCK-1 recceptacle desccribed abovee. These twoo interlock ciircuits mustt be
indepen
ndent of eacch other.
Alwayss use the sup
pplied "interrlock 2" conn
nector plug (4-pin
( plug) to connect to
t this
"INTERRLOCK 2" receptacle.
r

ck functions tto avoid possible

Allways provide the interloc
WAR
RNING exxposure to X-rays.

8
 90 kV Microfocus X-Ray Source L11831-01 Instruction Manual

(7) Protective earth terminal

Connect the supplied earth cable to this terminal to ground this product.

WARNING Always ground to avoid electrical shock.

(8) Cooling fan

This cooling fan prevents the temperature of the internal power supply circuit from
rising during operation.

If the cooling fan vents are blocked by a wall or other

objects, the internal temperature may rise excessively,
CAUTION causing flame or fire. Install this product in locations with
good ventilation. Do not block the vents.

(9) Name label

Shows production information such as the model number, serial number, and
production date.

(10) Warning labels

Indicate X-ray and high voltage hazards. Always comply with the safety
instructions.

(11) Battery replacement cover

This product contains a coin battery (type No.CR2032). To replace this battery,
follow the instruction described in "12. Replacing the coin battery" in this manual.

9
 90 kV Microfocus X-Ray Source L11831-01 Instruction Manual

8. Connections
8.1 Connecting the cables
Connect the cables as follows while referring to "8.3 Wiring block diagram" in this
manual.

(1) Install this product..

Install this product in the X-ray cabinet or enclosure by using the mounting screw
holes in this product. Tighten M6 screws (Stainless) at 4 locations to secure the
product.

Use the screws with a length 8 mm longer than the

CAUTION thickness of the mount plate on which this product is
installed.

(2) Connect the protective earth cable.

Use the supplied protective earth cable to ground this product.

WARNING Always ground to avoid electrical shock.

(3) Connect the "INTERLOCK 1" connector plug.

Always provide the interlock functions to avoid possible

WARNING exposure to X-rays.

Using the supplied 2-pin plug (this is different from the plug for "INTERLOCK 2"),
connect the "INTERLOCK 1" to an interlock circuit for the X-ray cabinet or
enclosure. This interlock circuit should be designed so that pins 1 and 2 are closed
only when the door of the X-ray cabinet or enclosure is completely closed and no
X-rays can leak out. (For more details, see "15.9 Interlock circuit" in this manual.)

When connecting the interlock-1 circuit, use a cable with

shielded wire at least as thick as stranded wire AWG16.
Cable length should be less than 5 meters.
To configure the interlock-1 circuit, use a safety switch
rated at +30 V dc,10 A or more.
WARNING All pins and cables should be isolated from the grounded
parts.
The "INTERLOCK 1" and "INTERLOCK 2" circuits must
be independent of each other. Do not share these two
interlock circuits for the X-ray cabinet or enclosure with
each other.
NOTE：The interlock connection cable should be prepared by the user.

10
 90 kV Microfocus X-Ray Source L11831-01 Instruction Manual

(4) Connect the "INTERLOCK 2" connector plug.

Using the supplied 4-pin plug (this is different from the plug for "INTERLOCK 1"),
connect the "INTERLOCK 2" output to an interlock circuit for the X-ray cabinet or
enclosure and the X-ray emission signal output to an X-ray emission indicator lamp.
This interlock circuit should be designed so that pins 1 and 2 are closed only when
the door of the X-ray cabinet or enclosure is completely closed and no X-rays can
leak out. Pins 3 and 4 for X-ray emission signal output should be closed when X-rays
are emitted, so that an external indicator lamp turns on. (For more details, see "15.9
Interlock circuit" in this manual.)

When connecting the "INTERLOCK 2" circuit, use a

cable with shielded wire at least as thick as stranded wire
AWG22. Cable length should be less than 5 meters.All
pins and cables should be isolated from the grounded
parts.
WARNING The X-ray output indicator lamp specifications should not
exceed 24 V dc and 0.1 A.
"INTERLOCK 1" and "INTERLOCK 2" circuits must be
independent of each other. Do not share these two
interlock circuits for the X-ray cabinet or enclosure with
each other.

NOTE：The interlock connection cable should be prepared by the user.

(5) Connect the RS-232C cable.

Using an RS-232C cable (crossover cable or null-modem cable with 9-pin D-sub
female connector and inch screw), connect this product to the external control unit
such (PC, etc.). Secure the connector by tightening the screws on the connector plug.
(For more details, see "15.3 RS-232C cable connection" in this manual.)

Use a crossover cable (null-modem cable) for the

CAUTION RS-232C cable.
The cable length should be less than 5 meters.

NOTE：The RS-232C cable should be prepared by the user.

(6) Connect the power supply.

Using the supplied power plug, connect this product to an external power supply
(+24 V dc).

Use an external power supply having a power capacity of

150 W or more, or a current capacity of 6 A or more. If the
power capacity is insufficient, the power supply voltage
CAUTION may drop, causing unstable operation.
When connecting the power supply, use a cable with
stranded wire at least as thick as AWG16. The cable
length should be less than 3 meters.

NOTE: The external power supply (+24 V dc) and connection cable should be
prepared by the user.

11
 90 kV Microfocus X-Ray Source L11831-01 Instruction Manual

8.2 Assembling the connector plugs

Use the procedure explained below to assemble the connector plugs for the the power
supply and safety interlock circuits.

(1) Power supply connector plug (NANABOSHI NCS-253-P)

CONNECTION
① CONNECTOR TOP ⑥ CABLE CLAMP
② SHIELD MESH ⑦ SHIELDED CABLE
1: GROUND
③ METAL TAPE ⑧ SET SCREW
2: +24 V dc
④ LOCK RING ⑨ CONTACT POINTS
3: 0 V dc (GROUND)
⑤ OUTER SHELL ⑩ INSULATION TAPE

(ZT3-C002-14)

<Cable>
Conductor : 3-core lead (AWG16 or thicker)
Shield : Mesh tin-plated soft copper wire
Sheath : 6 to 10 mm diameter
Length : Maximum 3 m

1. Remove the set screw (8) and take the connector top (1) out.
2. Remove the cable clamp (6), and pass the outer shell (5) and the lock ring (4) though
the shield cable (7) as shown in the drawing.
3. Strip the end of the shielded cable (7) and expose the shield mesh (2) as shown in
the drawing, then wrap there with two or three turns of metal tape (3) and solder it
to the shield mesh (2).
(The metal tape (3) area should be gripped by the clamp (6) when the connector top
(1) and the outer shell (5) are fastened.)
4. Solder the cables to the contact points (9) according to the pin numbers shown in the
drawing, then wrap the soldered area with two or three turns of insulation tape
(10).
5. Screw the lock ring (4) and then outer shell (5) into the connector top (1), and
tighten the set screw (8) securely.
6. Check that the outer shell (5) contains the metal tape (3).
7. Using a multimeter, check the conduction between the outer shell (5) and the other
end of shield mesh in the shielded cable (7) to ensure that the outer shell (5) is
electrically isolated from the other conductors.

NOTE: The connection cable should be prepared by the user.

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 90 kV Microfocus X-Ray Source L11831-01 Instruction Manual

(2) "INTERLOCK 1" connector plug (NANABOSHI NJC-202-PM)

Assemble this connector plug the same way as described in (1) Power supply
connector plug (NANABOSHI NCS-253-P).

① CONNECTOR TOP ⑥ CABLE CLAMP

CONNECTION ② SHIELD MESH ⑦ SHIELDED CABLE
1: INTERLOCK OUT ③ METAL TAPE ⑧ SET SCREW
2: INTERLOCK RETURN ④ LOCK RING ⑨ CONTACT POINTS
⑤ OUTER SHELL ⑩ INSULATION TAPE

(ZT3-C002-14)

<Cable>
Conductor : 2-core lead (AWG16 or thicker)
Shield : Mesh tin-plated soft copper wire
Sheath : 6 to 10 mm diameter
Length : Maximum 5 m
NOTE: The connection cable should be prepared by the user.

(3) "INTERLOCK 2" connector plug (NANABOSHI NJC-204-PM)

Assemble this connector plug the same way as described in (1) Power supply
connector plug (NANABOSHI NCS-253-P).

CONNECTION ⑥ CONNECTOR TOP ⑪ CABLE CLAMP

1: INTERLOCK OUT ⑦ SHIELD MESH ⑫ SHIELDED CABLE
2: INTERLOCK RETURN ⑧ METAL TAPE ⑬ SET SCREW
3: X-RAY SIGNAL ⑨ LOCK RING ⑭ CONTACT POINTS
4: X-RAY SIGNAL ⑩ OUTER SHELL ⑮ INSULATION TAPE

(ZT3-C002-14)

<Cable>
Conductor : 2-core lead (AWG22 or thicker)
Shield : Mesh tin-plated soft copper wire
Sheath : 6 to 10 mm diameter
Length : Maximum 5 m
NOTE: The connection cable should be prepared by the user.

13
 90 kV Microfocus X-Ray Source L11831-01 Instruction Manual

8.3 Wiring block diagram

(ZT3-C001-13)

14
 90 kV Microfocus X-Ray Source L11831-01 Instruction Manual

9. Operation
When using the Microfocus X-ray source control software, refer to the separate
"Microfocus X-ray source control software Instruction Manual"
When creating a control program on your own, refer to "15.5 External control command
list" and "15.11 RS-232C command response list" in "15. Appendix" of this manual.

To prevent accidental exposure to X-rays in cases when

the interlock circuit becomes defective, be sure to stop
WARNING emitting X-rays before opening the door of the X-ray
cabinet or enclosure.

Small amounts of X-rays are emitted when a tube voltage

WARNING is applied even if the tube current is 0 μA. Be careful to
avoid exposure to X-rays.

X-rays are harmful to the human body.

During warm-up, X-rays are emitted under the conditions
WARNING that the tube voltage and current reach a maximum of 90
kV and 89 μA. Be careful to avoid exposure to X-rays.

When not emitting X-rays for a long time (more than 1

CAUTION hour) while no tube voltage is applied, turn the power off.
This helps extend the X-ray tube life.

When not using for a long time, perform a warm-up once

CAUTION every 3 months in order to maintain the quality.

Turn the power off when not emitting X-rays for a long
CAUTION time. This will help extend the X-ray tube life.

15
 90 kV Microfocus X-Ray Source L11831-01 Instruction Manual

9.1 Self-test
This product consists of an X-ray tube, a high-voltage block, and a control circuit.
Service life and malfunctions of each part can be checked and diagnosed.

Self-test measures or checks the following 5 items:

1. Cathode level (Cathode: Important component that affects X-ray tube service life.)
2. Input power supply voltage level
3. Control circuit board error
4. High-voltage block error
5. Circuit board temperature

Self-test commands are described below. When the status of this product is "STS 2",
sending a self-test start command "TSF" starts a self -test.

When the status of this product is "STS 2", sending a

self-test start command "TSF" automatically starts
emitting X-rays, and the tube voltage increases up to 60
WARNING kV along with an increase in the tube current.
Use extra caution to avoid exposure to X-rays during
self-test operation.

X-ray emission automatically stops about 1.5 minutes after X-ray emission is
automatically started. The self-test finishes about 10 seconds after X-ray emission has
stopped. During this measurement period, do not send an "XOF" command. Sending
such a command interrupts the self-test.

Use the "ZTE" command to check whether the self-test is finished or not. When a "ZTE
0" is returned in response to the "ZTE" command, the self-test is not yet finished or no
self-test is being run. When a "ZTE 1" is returned, the self-test is finished.

When power is turned off, self-test results will be cleared

CAUTION and return to the state before the self-test was run.

Operation Command Name

Status check STS Status check
TSF Self-test start
ZTE Self-test completion check
Diagnosis
ZTB Self-test result check
ZTR Self-test detailed result check

When a self-test is finished, send a "ZTB" or "ZTR" command to check the results.

In the case of a "ZTB" command, simple OK/NG (pass/fail) results are returned.
ZTB 0: OK, ZTB 1: NG

In the case of a "ZTR" command, detailed results are returned.

16
 90 kV Microfocus X-Ray Source L11831-01 Instruction Manual

Note that “ZTB” may sometimes return “NG (fail)” even when “ZTR” does not show
any error. In that case, please contact our sales office.

The contents and sequence of a return are described below using the following
example:
Return example: ZTR 5 24.5 24.3 24.4 0 0 0 32 30
Each number is sequentially returned. The table below shows the meaning of each
number (each alphabet represents a number).
ZTR a bb.b cc.c dd.d e f g hh ii

Sequence Item Range Meaning of numbers (unit)

a Cathode level 1 to 5 5: good → 1: bad (life)

bb.b Maximum input power supply voltage 0.00 to 99.9 (V)

cc.c Minimum input power supply voltage 0.00 to 99.9 (V)

dd.d Average input power supply voltage 0.00 to 99.9 (V)

e Operation of control circuit 1 0 to 1 0: normal 1: abnormal

f Operation of control circuit 2 0 to 1 0: normal 1: abnormal

g High-voltage block 0 to 1 0: normal 1: abnormal

hh Circuit board temperature 1 00 to 99 (°C)

ii Circuit board temperature 2 00 to 99 (°C)

The above return example indicates the followings:

Cathode level = 5：good
Maximum input power supply voltage = 24.5 V
Minimum input power supply voltage = 24.3 V
Average input power supply voltage = 24.4 V
Control circuit 1 = 0：normal
Control circuit 2 = 0 : normal
High-voltage block = 0 : normal
Circuit board temperature 1 = 32°C
Circuit board temperature 2 = 30°C

The cathode level before shipment is 5. This level (number) decreases over the
operating time or conditions. When this number becomes 2 or less, the maximum
tube current drops under the condition that the tube voltage is low. Use this
number as a general guide for determining the replacement period for the X-ray
tube unit.

When no self-test is being run or the power is turned off, a response "ZTR 0"
(self-test not run) is returned.

(ZT3-C025-9)

17
 90 kV Microfocus X-Ray Source L11831-01 Instruction Manual

10. Precautions when creating Programs

This section explains precautions to take when creating a control software program on
your own without using the microfocus X-ray source control software that comes with
the microfocus X-ray source.

1. For safety reasons this product automatically stops emitting X-rays if

communication is cut off for more than 3 seconds. Send any command at regular
periods within 3 seconds to continue X-ray emission.

2. A "ERR 0 NOC" is returned in response to a command that is first sent after

power-on. This is to check the connection and is not a problem. As the first
command, send a dummy command such as "↓ (carriage return)".

3. When the response to the status check command "STS" is "STS 0” (warm-up
standby), sending an X-ray emission command "XON" starts auto warm-up. For
auto warm-up patterns and steps, see "15.1 Warm-up patterns" in the appendix of
this manual.
4. When the overload protection function is activated, send an overload protection
reset command "RST" to reset the overload protection function. After resetting,
please wait 1 to 2 minutes and then start X-ray emission. If the overload protection
function is triggered again, reduce the tube voltage and current settings by about
10 % and restart X-ray emission. Then gradually increase the tube voltage and
current back to the previous levels.

5. The tube voltage can be set to any value within the X-ray tube voltage setting
range.However, the wattage control works to adjust the tube current so that the
wattage will not exceed 8 W during the small focus mode and 16 W during the
middle focus mode. In all three focus modes, the tube current cannot be preset to a
value exceeding their wattage control values. In large focus mode, the maximum
tube current is fixed at 200 µA .

6. Send the tube voltage and tube current setting commands only when changing the
tube voltage and tube current settings. This product has a control circuit for
stabilizing the X-ray output. Frequently sending the tube voltage and tube current
commands, even if with the same setting, might affect the stabilization.

7. When this product is operated with a control software program that the user has
created, we will accept no responsibility for any breakdowns or damage to this
product, loss of data, and any other direct or indirect damage resulting from use of
that program.

8. An “ERR 0 NOC” is returned if there is an error in the command or parameter or if

an incorrect command (character string) not included in the external command list
is sent.
(ZT3-C026-8)

18
 90 kV Microfocus X-Ray Source L11831-01 Instruction Manual

11. Errors and Failures

(1) No X-ray emission
Check the following points if no X-rays are emitted even though an X-ray emission
start "XON" command was sent.

Trouble with connections or power supply

Possible causes Corrective action
RS-232C cable is
Check and connect the RS-232C cable securely.
disconnected.

RS-232C cable used is Check the RS-232C cable wiring while referring to "15.3
not a crossover cable. RS-232C cable connection" in the appendix of this manual.

Check whether +24 V dc is supplied from the external

power supply. If the voltage supplied from the external
power supply is not in the +24 V range, the X-ray source
Power is not supplied or may not operate correctly.
cannot be turned on. If the X-ray source does not operate even when power is
supplied from the external power supply, then the fuse may
have blown. When the fuse has blown, the X-ray source
may have a problem. Please contact our sales office.

Response to the status check command “STS” is not “STS 3”

Possible causes Corrective action

X-ray tube is being

Cannot emit X-rays during preheat. Wait one minute.
preheated.

Check the connections for the interlock circuits for the X-ray
Interlock circuit is open. cabinet or enclosure, and close all the doors that might
trigger interlock functions.

If there are no problems with the above but no X-rays are emitted, then this product
may be at fault. Please contact our sales office.

(2) To cancel the overload protection function

Although in rare cases this product may generate excessive voltage or current
during operation. If this happens, the overload protection function automatically
stops emitting X-rays to protect the internal control circuit. When a "STS 4" is
returned in response to the status check command "STS", this indicates the
overload protection function is working. To restart X-ray emission from this state,
cancel the overload protection function by sending the overload protection reset
command "RST" and check that a "RST" response is returned. Then, be sure to wait
for a few minutes before sending the X-ray emission command "XON" again. At this
point, we recommend reducing the tube voltage and current settings by about 10%
and restart X-ray emission. Then gradually increasing the tube voltage and current
back to the previous levels. If a "STS 4" is returned again, turn off the external
supply and then turn it back on.
If a "STS 4" response is still returned even after the above operation, then this
product is probably at fault. Stop using it and contact our sales office.

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 90 kV Microfocus X-Ray Source L11831-01 Instruction Manual

(3) Control board "Error" display

During operation with dedicated software:
When an "ERROR 3" or "ERROR 4" appears on the status display, a transistor in
the internal circuit or the relay contact in the interlock circuit is probably at fault or
this product itself may be at fault. In this case, immediately stop using and turn the
power off, then contact our sales office.
When an "ERROR 203" or "ERROR 204" or "ERROR 207" appears on the status
display, turn the power off, wait for 30 seconds or more, and then turn the power
back on. If an "ERROR 203" or "ERROR 204" or "ERROR 207" appears again, the
internal circuit of this product is probably at fault. Immediately stop using and turn
the power off, then contact our sales office.

During command operation:

If a "STS 5" is returned in response to the status check command "STS" and also a
"SER 3" or "SER 4" is returned in response to the control board error check
command "SER", this product is probable at fault. Immediately stop using and turn
the power off, then contact our sales office.
If a "STS 5" is returned in response to the status check command "STS" and also a
"SER 203" or "SER 204" or "SER 207" is returned in response to the control board
error check command "SER", turn the power off, wait for 30 seconds or more, and
then turn the power back on. If a "SER 203" or "SER 204" or "SER 207" is returned
again in response to the control board error check command "SER", the internal
circuit of this product is probably at fault. Immediately stop using and turn the
power off, then contact our sales office.
If other errors occer, refer to "15.6 SER command discription" in "15. Appendix" of
this manual.

(4) Input power supply voltage error display

During operation with dedicated software:
When an "ERROR 201" or "ERROR 202" or “ERROR 208” appears on the status
display, turn the power off, check the input power supply voltage and adjust the
input power supply voltage so that it is within the specified range, then turn the
power back on. If an "ERROR 201" or "ERROR 202" or "ERROR 208" appears again,
this product is probably at fault. Immediately stop using and turn the power off,
then contact our sales office.

During command operation:

If a "STS 5" is returned in response to the status check command "STS" and also a
"SER 201" or "SER 202" or “SER 208” is returned in response to the control board
error check command "SER", turn the power off, check the input power supply
voltage and adjust the input power supply voltage so that it is within the specified
range, then turn the power back on. If an "SER 201" or "SER 202" or "SER 208"
appears again in response to the control board error check command "SER", this
product is probably at fault. Immediately stop using and turn the power off, then
contact our sales office.

20
 90 kV Microfocus X-Ray Source L11831-01 Instruction Manual

(5) High temperature error display

During operation with dedicated software:
When an "ERROR 209" appears on the status display, turn the power off, wait until
the temperature of this product becomes within the specified range, and then turn
the power back on. If an "ERROR 209" appears again, this product is probably at
fault. Immediately stop using and turn the power off, then contact our sales office.

During command operation:

If a "STS 5" is returned in response to the status check command "STS" and also a
"SER 209" is returned in response to the control board error check command "SER",
turn the power off, wait until the temperature of this product becomes within the
specified range, and then turn the power back on. If an "SER 209" appears again in
response to the control board error check command "SER", this product is probably
at fault. Immediately stop using and turn the power off, then contact our sales
office.

When an error occurs, this product cannot be used until

the error is cleared. To clear the error, turn the power off,
CAUTION check the status of this product, and then turn the power
back on. If the error is still not cleared after turning the
power back on, contact our sales office.
(ZT3-C027-9)

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 90 kV Microfocus X-Ray Source L11831-01 Instruction Manual

12. Replacing the coin battery

This product contains a coin battery (type No. CR2032).
When the coin battery voltage becomes low, the time elapsed during power-off
periods will be unknown. If XON is input under this condition, warm-up may not
start or a long warm-up may start which should be performed after a long power-off
period.

When a "SBT 1" is returned in response to the "SBT" command, then contact our
sales office for assistance or replace the coin battery by following the instructions
below.

Required items:
Tool
・#2 Phillips screwdriver

Replacement battery
・Coin cell lithium battery CR2032

To replace the battery:

Before replacing the battery, make sure that this product is at room temperature.
Before opening the battery replacement cover, take the following precautions to
prevent damage from static electricity.

Electrical shock hazard!

Always turn off the power supply before replacing the
WARNING battery. Electrical shock may result if the power supply is
in operation.

Notes on static electricity

The control board used in this product is extremely sensitive to electrostatic charge.
Observe the following precautions to protect it from damage from electrostatic
charge.

・ Preventive measures for static electricity

1) Turn off the power to this product.
2) Disconnect the power cable from this product.
3) Disconnect all other cables from this product.
・ Completely discharge static electricity charged on your body by touching grounded
parts.
・ Make sure that objects such as plastic or polystyrene that generate static electricity
are not placed near the work area.

After taking the above precautions in “Notes on static electricity”, replace the
battery by following the steps below.
(ZT3-C028-10)

22
 90 kV Microfocus X-Ray Source L11831-01 Instruction Manual

1. Remove a battery replacement cover of this product.

Remove the screw securing the battery replacement cover with a #2 Phillips
screwdriver, and remove the cover.

2. Remove the battery.

Push the battery in the direction of yellow arrow and slightly raise the left end of
the battery.

Then pull out the battery in the direction of light blue arrow. At this point, be
careful not to break the plastic retainer.

3. Install a new battery.

Insert the new battery in place (with the positive side facing up).
Slightly press down the battery so that it is securely inserted into the socket.

4. Reattach the battery replacement cover.

Reattach the cover and tighten the screw.
At this time, be careful so that the cables under the battery are not pinched by the
cover.

(ZT3-C028-10)

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 90 kV Microfocus X-Ray Source L11831-01 Instruction Manual

13. Warranty, Repair, Disposal and Maintenance

13.1 Warranty
This product has been thoroughly tested and checked prior to shipment to ensure the
performance meets the required specifications. However, this does not guarantee the
product integrity, so you must take appropriate safety measures to avoid possible
trouble that might occur during normal use.
Should any failure be found in the workmanship or materials used in manufacture or if
any damage caused by shipment is discovered, notify our sales office immediately.
This product is warranted for a period of 18 months from the date of delivery from
Hamamatsu Photonics. The warranty is limited to repair or replacement, free of charge
within the warranty period.
This warranty does not cover secondary breakdowns, damages, losses or accidents to
equipment, materials or human beings that were caused or induced by this product.
Moreover, this warranty does not cover breakdowns, losses or damages which were
caused by using this product in a way contrary to the procedures or operating
environment described in the instruction manual and/or due to negligent use, or by
reshipping, shifting, dropping or modifications by the customer. Also please
acknowledge that this warranty will not cover effects from equipment being used
simultaneously with this product as well as accidents such as natural or man-made
disasters, etc.
The X-ray output window is made of a thin beryllium foil. Do not apply force to the
window surface or scratch it. If the beryllium window cracks or is damaged, the X-ray
tube will not operate normally. The warranty does not cover any damage to the X-ray
output window caused by external force or shock.

13.2 Repair
If a failure is found in the product or you suspect trouble, contact us with the specific
symptom and detailed description of the trouble. This will help reduce the cost and time
required for repairing and adjusting the product the product.
While every effort is made to repair the returned product in as short a time as possible,
the repair of a product which was purchased long time ago may require additional time.
Please acknowledge that repair of a product using parts not in current production or a
product which has been modified or severely damaged by the customer may be refused.

13.3 Disposal
This product uses lead and its compounds, beryllium, and insulating oil.
When disposing of this product, take appropriate measures in compliance with
applicable regulations regarding waste disposal, and correctly dispose of it yourself, or
entrust proper disposal to a licensed industrial waste disposal company. In any case, be
sure to comply with the regulations in your country or state to ensure correct disposal.

(ZT3-C029-5)

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 90 kV Microfocus X-Ray Source L11831-01 Instruction Manual

13.4 Maintenance and inspection

To use this product safely and correctly, perform periodic maintenance and inspections.
• Carefully read this manual and comply with the instructions to ensure safe use.
• If this product gets wet or if oil or dust gets inside this product, the electrical
insulation will deteriorate leading to hazardous situations such as electrical
shock or fire. If this product is heavily contaminated, immediately stop using and
contact our sales office for advice.
• To clean the body of this product, gently wipe it with soft, dry cloth.
• Clean the cooling fan and ventilation slilts at regular intervals.
• This product uses Insulating oil for high voltage. If the insulating oil leaks,
immediately stop using and contact our sales office.

(ZT3-C029-5)

Before starting maintenance and inspection, make sure

CAUTION that the power to this product is off.

When performing maintenance and inspection, do not

touch the X-ray output window of this product. Do not
apply force to the window surface or scratch it. If the
WARNING beryllium window cracks or is damaged, the X-ray tube will
not operate normally. Beryllium used for the X-ray output
window can cause acute toxicity or chronic toxicity when in
the form of dust particles.

25
 9 kV Microffocus X-Ray Source L118
90 831-01 Instru
uction Manuaal

14. Dimen
nsions [Unit : mm]]

(3088-2)

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 90 kV Microfocus X-Ray Source L11831-01 Instruction Manual

15. Appendix
15.1 Warm-up patterns
When X-ray emission is restarted with the "XON" command after the X-ray source has
been left unused with X-ray emission stopped or with the power supply (external +24 V
dc power supply) turned off, warm-up will start automatically in any of the following
operation patterns. The X-ray tube voltage and current will increase up to their
maximum levels during warm-up.
If the warm-up is interrupted while still in progress and then the X-ray emission is
restarted with the "XON" command, the warm-up will resume from the step where it
was interrupted.
The warm-up operation pattern varies according to how long the X-ray source operation
has been stopped, as shown in the table below.
Warm-up time (minutes)
Pattern 1 Pattern 2 Pattern 3
Tube Tube current
Step
voltage (kV) (A) 8 hours to less than 1 1 month to less than
3 months or more after
month after being 3 months after being
being stopped
stopped stopped
1 20 0 1 5 10
2 40 10 1 5 30
3 60 30 3 6 20
4 70 50 3 7 30
5 80 70 3 7 20
6 90 89 4 10 10
Total (minutes) 15 40 120

Even if 8 hours have still not elapsed after stopping X-rays or

turning off the power supply (external +24 V dc power
supply), warm-up will be performed for 1 minute after the +24
CAUTION V dc power supply is turned back on, in order to preheat the
cathode of the X-ray tube. No X-rays can be emitted during
this preheating.

15.2 Warm-up completion check serial command (SWS) table

Pattern 1 Pattern 2 Pattern 3
Tube Tube Within
Step Voltage Current 8 hours after 8 hours to less 1 month to less
3 months or
than 1 month than 3 months
(kV) (μA) being stopped more after being
after being after being
stopped
stopped stopped
1 20 0 SWS 1 0 SWS 2 0 SWS 3 0
2 40 10 SWS 1 1 SWS 2 1 SWS 3 1
3 60 30 SWS 1 2 SWS 2 2 SWS 3 2
SWS 0 0
4 70 50 SWS 1 3 SWS 2 3 SWS 3 3
5 80 70 SWS 1 4 SWS 2 4 SWS 3 4
6 90 89 SWS 1 5 SWS 2 5 SWS 3 5
(ZT3-C013-6)

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 90 kV Microfocus X-Ray Source L11831-01 Instruction Manual

15.3 RS-232C cable connection

RS-232C signal list
Pin No. Signal name Note
1 DCD Shorted to DTR and DSR
2 RXD Receive data
3 TXD Transmit data
4 DTR Shorted to DCD
5 GND Signal ground
6 DSR Shorted to DCD
7 RTS Shorted to CTS
8 CTS Shorted to RTS
9 RI Not used

Use an RS-232C cable (crossover cable or null-modem cable

CAUTION with 9-pin D-sub female connector and inch screw) to connect
this product to an external control unit (PC, etc.).

Crossing cable connection diagram

External control unit X-ray source

(PC, etc.)
1 1
2 2
3 3 Short
4 4
5 5
6 6
7 7
Short
8 8
9 9
Frame Frame
Shield

(ZT3-C010-3)

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 90 kV Microfocus X-Ray Source L11831-01 Instruction Manual

15.4 Command and response specifications

This product can be operated from an external unit via serial communication.

1) Command
Each command consists of an alphanumeric character string and separated by a
delimiter.
When a parameter is needed, use a space to separate it from the command, as shown in
example 1 below.
Use a CR (carriage return) as the delimiter.

Example 1: When a parameter is needed

Command : HIV 90↓ (↓ : CR)

Example 2: When no parameter is needed

Command : XON↓

2) Response
When this product receives a command, it returns a response to that command. The
delimiter is a CR (carriage return).

i) When this product has processed a command correctly, it returns a response to the
command.

Example 3: When a command was processed correctly

Transmitted command : STS↓
Response : STS 2↓

ii) If the received command or parameter was incorrect, this product returns error
information that begins with a character string "ERR". This product also returns
“ERR” information when it is in a status that does not allow the received command
to be run. Error information is described below.

Command response Error description

ERR 0 NOC Incorrect command
ERR 10 *** Status error ( status that cannot receive a command)
ERR 20 *** Parameter error (setting is out of range)
ERR 40 *** Wattage error ( wattage limit exceeded)

Example 4: When parameter setting is out of range

Transmitted command : HIV 180↓
Response : ERR 20 HIV↓

Note: For more information on the commands and responses, see "15.5 External control
command list" and "15.11 RS-232C command response list" in the appendix of this
manual.
(ZT3-C035-3)

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 90 kV Microfocus X-Ray Source L11831-01 Instruction Manual

15.5 External control command list

1. Control commands
Command Name Description
XON X-ray emission start Starts emitting X-rays.
XOF X-ray emission stop Stops emitting X-rays.

HIV *** Tube voltage setting Sets the X-ray tube voltage. (Note 1,Note 2)

CUR *** Tube current setting Sets the X-ray tube current. (Note 1,Note 2)

When the response to the “STS” command is "STS 0" or "STS

WUP Warm-up start
2", warm-up starts by sending a "WUP" command.

When the response to the “STS” command is "STS 2", a

self-test starts by sending a "TSF" command. Upon sending
the "TSF" command, X-rays automatically starts and then
TSF Self-test start
stops after about 90 seconds. The self-test continues for about
10 seconds after stopping X-ray emission. To interrupt the self
-test before it is completed, send a "XOF" command.

When the overload protection is activated, X-ray emission

RST Overload protection reset stops and the status return "STS 4".
The RST command resets the overload protection.

Note 1: The wattage control function works when the tube voltage is 40 kV or more. Settings
in which the wattage will exceed 8 W cannot be made. When the tube voltage is
changed, the tube current is automatically adjusted so as not to exceed the wattage
limit because the tube voltage value takes priority.
Note 2: When the tube voltage is 40 kV or less, the tube current can be set up to a maximum
of 200 μA. However, this does not guarantee actual operation. For tube current
setting versus tube voltage, see "15.8 Guaranteed X-ray tube voltage/current
operation range" in "15. Appendix" of this manual.
(ZT3-C012-22)

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 90 kV Microfocus X-Ray Source L11831-01 Instruction Manual

2. Status commands

Command Name Description

Returns the operation status of this product.
Response is returned with the following priority.
"STS 5" : X-rays cannot be emitted.
(Preheating, circuit board defect, interlock open)
"STS 4" : Overload protection is activated.
STS Status check
"STS 1" : Warm-up in progress.
"STS 6" : Self-test in progress.
"STS 3" : X-rays are being emitted.
"STS 0" : Waiting for warm-up.
"STS 2" : Ready to emit X-rays.
Returns the preheating status.
SPH Preheat monitor "SPH 0" : Preheating is complete.
"SPH 1" : Preheating in progress.
Returns the operation status of this product at one time. Seven
parameters are returned, including the status "STS", output
voltage "SHV", and output current "SCU" from the left. The
SAR Batch status check remaining four are the reserved area and shown in "0 0 0 0".
Example: If the status is "XON" and the output is 50 kV, 30
μA, then the following response is returned: "SAR 3 50 30 0 0
0 0"
Returns the status at one time, indicating that X-rays cannot
be emitted. Four parameters are returned, including a
hardware error "SER", interlock "SIN", and preheating "SPH"
"NOT READY" batch from the left. The remaining one is the reserved area and
SNR
check shown in "0".
Example: If no hardware error occurs, interlock is open, and
preheating is complete, then the following response is
returned: "SNR 0 1 0 0"
Output tube voltage
SHV Returns the X-ray tube voltage (kV).
check
SCU Output tube current check Returns the X-ray tube current (µA).
Tube voltage setting
SPV Returns the X-ray tube voltage setting ( kV).
check
Tube current setting
SPC Returns the X-ray tube current setting ( µA).
check
Preset voltage/current
SVI Returns the tube voltage (kV) and current (µA) settings.
check
SWS Warm-up pattern check Returns the warm-up mode and step.
Returns the warm-up status
"SWE 0": Warm-up is complete.
SWE Warm-up status check "SWE 1": Warm-up is in progress.
"SWE 2": Warm-up is ready (not started).

Returns the interlock status.

SIN Interlock check "SIN 1": Interlock circuit is open.
"SIN 0": Interlock is closed.

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 90 kV Microfocus X-Ray Source L11831-01 Instruction Manual

Command Name Description

Returns whether or not self-test is complete.
Self-test completion
ZTE "ZTE 0": Self-test not run or incomplete
check
"ZTE 1": Self-test complete
Returns self-test results.
A "ZTB 0" (test not run) is returned if power is turned off after
self-test.
ZTB Self-test result check
"ZTB 0" : Self-test not run or NG (fail)
"ZTB 1" : OK (pass)
"ZTB 2" : Self-test in progress
Returns self-test detailed results. (Note 3)
A "ZTR 0" (test not run) is returned if power is turned off after
self-test.
The return format is “ZTR a bb.b cc.c dd.d e f g hh ii”.
a : Cathode level
bb.b : Maximum value of input power supply voltage
Self-test detailed result
ZTR cc.c : Minimum value of input power supply voltage
check
dd.d : Average value of input power supply voltage
e : Operation of control circuit 1
f : Operation of control circuit 2
g : High-voltage block
hh : Circuit board temperature 1
ii : Circuit board temperature 2

Returns the accumulated time period (hours) that this product

STM Power-on time check
has been in power-on.

X-ray emission time Returns the accumulate time period (hours) that X-rays have
SXT
check been emitted during operation and warm-up.

Returns the control board status.

X-ray emission will stop if a response other than "SER 0" is
SER Hardware error check
returned. For details, see "15.6 SER command description" in
this manual..

Returns whether the coin battery needs to be replaced. (Note

4)
SBT Coin battery check
"SBT 0": Normal
"SBT 1": Battery is low. (Note 4)

Returns the model name.

TYP Model name check
A "TYP L11831-01" returned for this product

Note 3: For detailed information on the self-test function, see “9.1 Self-test” in this manual.

Note 4: If the battery voltage becomes low and "SBT 1" is returned, the time elapsed during
power-off periods will be unknown. If XON is input under this condition, warm-up
may not start or a long warm-up may start which should be performed after a long
power-off period. Contact our sales office for assistance or replace the battery by
following the instructions in “12. Replacing the Coin Battery” in this manual.

(ZT3-C012-22)

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 90 kV Microfocus X-Ray Source L11831-01 Instruction Manual

15.6 SER command description

When the "SER" command is transmitted, a "SER 0" is returned as long as no error
occurs. If an error occurs, one of the following values is returned. If two or more errors
occur at the same time, the response is returned with the priority listed below.

SER description table: Error No. priority (SER command response)

Priority Error No. (Error description) Corrective action

1 SER 3 (Control board error)) Contact our sales office.
2 SER 4 (Control board error) Contact our sales office.
The fan is stopped. Check to see if a foreign
object is cogged in the fan blades and find the
cause of the stopped fan.
3 SER 200 (Cooling fan error)
The fan might be broken if excessive supply
voltage is applied. In this case, contact our sales
office.
SER 201
Check the input power supply voltage and
4 (Input power supply voltage
adjust it to meet the specifications.
error))
SER 202 Input power supply voltage is too low. Check the
5 (Input power supply voltage input power supply voltage and adjust it to meet
error) the specifications.
6 SER 204 (Control board error)) Contact our sales office.
7 SER 207 (Control board error)) Contact our sales office.
SER 208 Input power supply voltage is too high. Check
8 (Input power supply voltage the input power supply voltage and adjust it to
error 3) meet the specifications.
9 SER 203 (Control board error)) Contact our sales office.
If an error still occurs even after setting the
10 SER 209 (Temperature alarm) ambient conditions to meet the specifications,
contact our sales office.
(ZT3-C036-4)

When an error occurs, this product cannot be used until the

error is cleared. To clear the error, turn the power off and then
CAUTION turn it back on. If the error is still not cleared after turning the
power back on, contact our sales office.

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 90 kV Microfocus X-Ray Source L11831-01 Instruction Manual

15.7 Status transition diagram

The above figure shows the STS status transition.

“STS 5” involves three conditions of “Preheat”, “SER” and “Interlock” as included in “STS 5”
above.
Some blocks handle two or more statuses. The arrow coming out of those blocks means that
transition occurs from any of the statuses in the block. The arrows entering those blocks make
transition to the black circle in the block.

(*1) Time elapsed after X-ray emission was last stopped.

(*2) Transition to “OVER” is made only from any of “STS 1”, “STS 3” or “STS 6”, since “OVER”
only occurs during X-ray emission.
(ZT3-C017-4)

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 90 kV Microfocus X-Ray Source L11831-01 Instruction Manual

15.8 Guaranteed X-ray tube voltage/current operation range

250

200
Tube Current(µA)

150

100

50

0
40 50 60 70 80 90
Tube Voltage(kV)

* X-ray tube voltage range is guaranteed 40 kV to 90 kV.

* The maximum output of 200 μA tube current output is possible only when the
tube voltage of 40 kV.
*Tube current less than 10 μA is operating outside the warranted range.

(ZT3-C014-23)

35
 90 kV Microfocus X-Ray Source L11831-01 Instruction Manual

15.9 Interlock circuit

(ZT3-C015-5)

36
 90 kV Microfocus X-Ray Source L11831-01 Instruction Manual

15.10 Fail-safe circuit

(ZT3-C016-5)

37
 RS-232C command response list
Control command response list
X-ray source status
Category Command Name NOT READY
WARMUP YET WARMUP STANDBY XON OVER SELF TEST
PREHEAT INTER LOCK OFF ERR *
XON X-ray emission start XON ERR 10 XON XON ERR 10 XON
X-ray emission ON/OFF
XOF X-ray emission stop XOF

Tube voltage HIV Tube voltage setting HIV 0-90

Tube current CUR Tube current setting CUR 0-200
Warm-up WUP Warm-up start WUP ERR 10 WUP WUP ERR 10 WUP
Diagnosis TSF Self-test start ERR 10 TSF ERR 10 TSF TSF ERR 10 TSF ERR 10 TSF ERR 10 TSF ERR 10 TSF ERR 10 TSF ERR 10 TSF
Others RST Overload protection reset ERR 10 RST ERR 10 RST ERR 10 RST ERR 10 RST RST ERR 10 RST ERR 10 RST ERR 10 RST ERR 10 RST

Status command response list

X-ray source status
Category Command Name NOT READY
WARMUP YET WARMUP STANDBY XON OVER SELF TEST
PREHEAT INTER LOCK OFF ERR *
STS Status check STS 0 STS 1 STS 2 STS 3 STS 4 STS 6 STS 5 STS 5 STS 5
SPH Preheat monitor SPH 0 SPH 0 SPH 0 SPH 0 SPH 0 SPH 0 SPH 1 SPH 0-1 SPH 0
Status check
SAR Batch status check SAR 0-6 0-90 0-200 0 0 0 0 (Parameters acquired in response to "STS", "SHV" and "SCU" commands are returned at one time, followed by 4 zeros (0) which are separated by a space.)
SNR "NOT READY" batch check SNR * 0-1 0-1 0 (Parameters acquired in response to the "SER", "SIN" and "SPH" commands are returned at one time, followed by 1 zero (0) which is separated by a space.)
SHV Output voltage check SHV 0-90
SCU Output current check SCU 0-200
Tube voltage
SPV Preset tube voltage check SPV 0-90
Tube current
SPC Preset tube current check SPC 0-200
SVI Preset voltage and current check SVI 0-90 0-200

38
SWS Warm-up step check SWS 1-3 0-5 SWS 1-3 0-5 SWS 0 0 SWS 0 0 SWS 0-3 0-5 SWS 0-3 0-5 SWS 0-3 0-5
Warm-up
SWE Warm-up status check SWE 2 SWE 1 SWE 0 SWE 0 SWE 0/2 SWE 0/2 SWE 0-2
Interlock SIN Interlock check SIN 0 SIN 0 SIN 0 SIN 0 SIN 0 SIN 0 SIN 0-1 SIN 1 SIN 0-1
ZTE Self-test completion check ZTE 0-1　（0：YET　1：END） ZTE 0 ZTE 0 ZTE 0-1
15.11 RS-232C command response list

Diagnosis ZTB Self-test result check ZTB 0-2 (0: YET/NG 1: OK 2: Self-test in progress) ZTB 2 ZTB 0-1
ZTR Self-test detailed result check (opened) ZTR a bb.b cc.c dd.d e f g hh ii 　 or ZTR 0 (See Detail 1.)
Others STM X-ray source power-on time check STM 0-999999 (in units of hours; minutes are truncated)
SXT X-ray emission time check SXT 0-999999 (in units of hours; minutes are truncated)
SER Hardware error check SER 0 SER 0 SER 0 SER 0 SER 0 SER 0 SER 0 SER 0 SER * (See Detail 2.)
Control
SBT Coin battery check SBT 0/1（0: normal 1: low voltage)
Product information TYP Model name check TYP L11831-01
Asterisk (*) in the table represents an error number "3, 4, 200 to 209".
Command error description
Command response Error description
ERR 0 NOC Command error (Incorrect command was received.)
ERR 10 *** Status error (Not ready to receive commands.)
90 kV Microfocus X-Ray Source L11831-01 Instruction Manual

ERR 20 *** Parameter error (Parameter value was outside the allowable range.)
ERR 40 *** Wattage error (Wattage was outside the allowable range.)

Detail 1: ZTR a bb.b cc.c dd.d e f g hh ii Detail 2: Error No. priority （SER command response)
Sequence Description Range Meaning Priority Error No. Action
a Cathode level 1-5 5:good → 1:deteriorated 1 3 (Control board error ) Contact our sales office.
bb.b Maximum value of input power voltage 0.00 - 99.9 V 2 4 (Control board error ) Contact our sales office.

(ZT3-C018-17)
cc.c Minimum value of input power voltage 0.00 - 99.9 V 3 200 (Cooling fan error) Check the cause of the stopped fan. If the fan is broken, contact our sales office.
dd.d Average value of input power voltage 0.00 - 99.9 V 4 201 (Input supply voltage error ) Adjust the input supply voltage so that it meets the specifications.
e High voltage block 0-1 0: normal 　1: abnormal 5 202 (Input supply voltage error ) Adjust the input supply voltage so that it meets the specifications.
f Control circuit 1 operation 0-1 0: normal 　1: abnormal 6 204 (Control board error ) Contact our sales office.
g Control circuit 2 operation 0-1 0: normal 　1: abnormal 7 207 (Control board error ) Contact our sales office.
hh PC board temperature 1 (°C) 00 - 99 ℃ 8 208 (Input supply voltage error ) Adjust the input supply voltage so that it meets the specifications.
ii PC board temperature 2 (°C) 00 - 99 ℃ 9 203 (Control board error ) Contact our sales office.
ZTR 0 : Self-test is not run. ("ZTR 0" is returned when power is turned off after self-test.） 10 209 (Temperature alarm) If an error still occurs even after setting the ambient conditions to meet the specifications.