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Hybridisation

Carbon hybridization involves mixing atomic orbitals to form hybrid orbitals that are more stable for bonding. Sp hybridization involves one s and three p orbitals forming four sp hybrid orbitals in tetrahedral geometry with bond angles of 109 degrees. Sp2 hybridization involves one s and two p orbitals forming three sp2 hybrid orbitals in trigonal planar geometry with bond angles of 120 degrees. Sp hybridization involves one s and one p orbital forming two sp hybrid orbitals in linear geometry with a bond angle of 180 degrees. The type of hybridization determines the molecular geometry and bond angles of carbon compounds.

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39 views5 pages

Hybridisation

Carbon hybridization involves mixing atomic orbitals to form hybrid orbitals that are more stable for bonding. Sp hybridization involves one s and three p orbitals forming four sp hybrid orbitals in tetrahedral geometry with bond angles of 109 degrees. Sp2 hybridization involves one s and two p orbitals forming three sp2 hybrid orbitals in trigonal planar geometry with bond angles of 120 degrees. Sp hybridization involves one s and one p orbital forming two sp hybrid orbitals in linear geometry with a bond angle of 180 degrees. The type of hybridization determines the molecular geometry and bond angles of carbon compounds.

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Low YouKe
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Carbon

electronic configuration

I Ii

set

I TH

sp

hybridisation involves the mixing of one s and three valence


p

orbitals

sp s t pt t
p p

sp's

orbitals have 25 s character and 75 p character

sp

hybridised carbon atom forms 4 t bonds

the four
sp hybrid orbitals are energetically more stable tha

the

original 2s and Ip atomic orbitals

The hybridisation of one s orbital


with three P orbitals produces 4

sp

hybrid orbitals in the tetrahedral shape and a bond L of 109

In

ethane

one of the sp hybrid orbitals overlaps head on with that of the

adjacent carbon atom to give one c Ct bond

FIbond

the carbon atoms overlap


Each of the remaining sp orbitals of

head on with a hydrogen atom to form three C H t bond

bond

10 H

0 88 28

spicy

The hybridisation of one s orbital and two porbitals produces three


hybrid orbitals in the trigonal planar shape and a bond L of
sp
1200

sp orbitals have 33.3 5Character and 66.7 P character


The remaining unhybridised2Pa orbital lies I to the spaplane

in ethene

two of the sp hybrid orbitals overlap head on with the s


orbital of two hydrogen atoms to give two C H o bonds

88
one of the sp hybrid orbitals overlaps head on with the sp orbital
of the adjacent carbon atom to give one c c a bond

8088
The unnybridised P orbital of the adjacentcarbon atoms overlap sideway
forming a c c Tebond

088888
O
i
the combination of sp spaoverlap and p p a bond overlap
between c atoms results in the sharing of 4 electrons and
the formation of c c bond

In benzene
two of the sp hybrid orbitals of a carbon atom overlap
head on with the sp hybrid orbital of two adjacent carbon
atoms to give two c c o bond

Hey
one of the spl hybrid orbitals overlaphead on
with the s orbit
of a hydrogen atom to
give one c Ho bond

008 opt
83 890
The unhybridised P orbital of the adjacent carbon atoms
bonds which are
overlap sideways forming a system of a
spread out over the six carbon atoms in the ring

985
0888885188

It
The hybridisation of one s orbital and one P orbital producers tw
sp hybrid orbitals in the linear shape and a bond of 1800
Sp orbitals have 50 s character and 50 P character

sp hybridised carbon atom form 2 a bond and 2 Tlbonds


the two unhybridised Ip orbitals are lying I to each other

In ethyne
One of the sp hybrid orbitals overlaps head on with that of the adjacent
carbon atom to give one c c a bond

Theother sp hybrid orbital overlaps head on with an s orbital of


hydrogen to give one c H t bond

0000
The two unnybridised p orbitals of the adjacent carbon atoms
overlap sideways forming two c c Te bonds which lie at
rights to each other

0880
The combination of sp sp t overlap and two pairs of p p t
overlap between c atoms results in the shaving of 6 elections
and the formation of CEC bond

8588

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