§ )\e):\ Saracen SikTable of Contents Abou the Author 4 ROUTING - Overview 5 FLOATING STATIC ROUTING 4 DEFAULT ROUTING. 0 UB: STATIC ROUTING... sn sonnel LAB: STATIC ROUTING USING THREE ROUTERS. ...nnnnve ee UB: Static Routing ~ Redundant inks. B LAB: Static Routing (vert Floating static routes, lngest match) a OYNAMIG ROUTING 36 OSPF - ROUTING PROTOCOL a OSPF ~ SINGLE AREA CONFIGURATION, 45 LAB: DYNAMIC ROUTING USING OSPF SINGLE AREA 48 OSPF BEST PATH CALCULATION — 58 SPF MULTIPLE AREAS... a _ o a 1 LAB: DYNAMIC ROUTING USING (SPF MULTIPLE AREA. 63 UB: OSPF Redundant Links. 8 USPFv2 INTERFACE SUB-COMMANDS. . n SPF NETWORK TYPES..sceso = - oe oe m4 UB: OSPF OR /ADR ELECTION OVER ETHERNET ..-nnsnsnoshinwntinennsininni 19 SPF ~ Advertising Default Routes, 82 LAB: DEFAULT ROUTE. IN OSPF 81 EIGRP ROUTING a LAB: VERIFYING EIGRP PROCESS ‘no LAB: DYNAMIC ROUTING USING EIGRP. 104 LAB: EIGRP - Redundant links 108 (Pf Summarizaton - OSPF -EIGRP. 113 LAB: EIGRP. SUMMARIZATION 123 AB : OSPF SUMMARIZATION 135, IPVE Addressing sone sen ss sonnel AB: Basic configuration of pv MI (PVE ROUTING 4a LAB: [PVE STATIC Routing 54IPV6 Default Routing UAB SPAY... : : First Hop Redundancy Protocols ~ HSRP, VRRP, GLEP. Border Gteway ProQocdsenen ABP NEIGHBORS — BBP -EBBP....snsnn LAB: IBGP Peering... 7 7 - 7 IBGP Peering with Loopback Interfaces “Redundancy. LE: BGP Peering USING LOUPEACSS..... EGP Peering. . LAE: Basic EBGP Configuration & Verity Next-hop Behavior... BBP AtribURS nnn AGP Weight AtIBU nnn UAB USING WEIGHT ATTRIBUTE... UB : WEIGHT ATTRIBUTE using Route-maps AGP Local preference UU: USING LOCAL PREFERENCE. UAB: LOCAL PREFERENCE USING ROUTE-MAP. nono ABP Path Selection ProcessesAbout the Author Sikandar Shaik, a Triple CCIE (RS/SP/SEC # 35012), is a highly experienced and extremely driven senior technical insfructor and network consultant. He has been training networking courses for more than 15 years, teaching on a wide range of topics including Routing and Switching, Service Provider and Security (CCNA to CCIE). In addifion, he has been developing and updating the content for these courses. He has assisted many engineers in passing out the lab examinations and securing certifications. Sikandar Shaik is highly skilled at designing, planning, coordinating, maintaining, troubleshooting and implementing changes to various aspects of mulfi-scaled, multi-platform, multi-protocol complex networks as well as course development and instruction for a technical workforce in a varied networking environment. His experience includes responsibilities ranging from operating and maintaining PC's and peripherals to network control programs for multi-faceted data communication networks in LAN, MAN and WAN environments. Sikandar Shaik has delivered instructor led trainings in several states in India as well as in abroad in countries like China, Kenya and UAE. He has also worked as a Freelance Cisco Certified Instructor globally for Corporate Major Clients. Acknowledgment First and foremost | would like fo thank the Almighty for his continued blessings and for always being there for me. You have given me the power and confidence fo believe in myself and pursue my dreams. | could never have done this without the faith I have in you. Secondly | would like to thank my family for understanding my long nights at the computer. | have spent a lot of fime on preparing workbooks and this workbook would not have been possible without their support and encouragement. 1 would also like fo recognize the cooperation of my students who took my trainings and workbooks. 1 believe my workbooks have helped them in upskilling themselves with respect fo the subject and technologies and | will continue preparing workbooks for the updated technology versions. Shaik Gouse Moinuddin Sikandar CCIE x 3 (RS/SP/SEC) Feedback Please send feedback if there are any issues with respect to the content of this workbook. | would also appreciate suggestions from you which can improve this workbook further. Kindly send your feedback and suggestions af [email protected]TING - Overview Routing ~ Static / Default Routing Sikandar Shaik CCIEx3 (RS/SP)/SEC # 35012 Senior Technical Instructor Facebook.com/sikandar3aQl2/ Youtube.com/sikandarshaik (c Saree cfaiitieo CERTIFIED (cle) ( core )( (cciE E} HTN, zal ‘SECURITY Www.Noasolutions.com What is IP Routing ? NOA NETWORK ONCRE ACADEMY » Forwarding of IP packets from one network to another network ( based on IP address) » The sending host uses IP Address, Choosing the best path from the routing table. Ifthe destination is focal, send directly: (ARP / based on MAC address) Ifthe destination Is not local, send to the default gateway. » Router Checks the Routing table (for destination address in the packet) to decide where to forward the IP packet. » Best path selection is based on the type of routing we are using (static /Dynamic) 1012020 tra.t8.10 0.12020 £0 1721640 $0Example of IP Routing JN OA. Host A uses some application that sends data to host B (172.1629) > My IP addressmask is 172.16.19/24, so my local subnet contalns numbers 172-16.1.0~ 172.161.255 (including the subnet ID and subnet broadcast address) » The destination addres is 1721.28, which Is lealy not in my focal subnet. Send the packet to my default gateway, which is set to 172.16.1.1. To send the packet, encapsulate It in an Ethernet frame. Make the destination MAC address be R1’s Go/0 MAC address (host As default gateway) Comme Ea re —— Terenas | ESSE) RRS SS Verification Mf G 2A.STATIC ROUTING Types of Routing NEA. Cisco routers enable IPv4 routing globally, by default 10,120.20 > Static Routing > Static Default Routing » Dynamic Routing 172.18.10 20000 roano senna : Routed Protocol: IP ° 50 so009 sn000 Static Routing ‘Administrator manually configure the best route to destination network Dynamic Routing Router learns routes automatically &: decides the best route ( using Routing Protocols) Static Routing OA, > Administrator manually configure the best route to destination network > Mandatory need of Destination Network ID , Next-hop IP / Exit interface (confight Ip route Static Routing — Configuration Example MPA,, ‘Subnet 172.16.2.0724 subnet 172.164.0728 ‘Subnet 172.16.1.0724 ‘Subnet 172.16:3.0726 ip route 172.16.2.0 255.255.255.0 80/0/0 0 255.255.255.0 172.16.5.3 ‘Subnet 172.165.0728 ip route 172.16 Lf show ip route static codes: 1 - local, ¢ - connected, SURUBEEEIE, R - RIP, M- mobile, 3 - BGP 1 Lines omitted for brevity Gateway of last resort Sa not eet 372.16.0.0/16 is variably subnetted, BllGtbHeES/ll2UnaEKS 5 172.16.2.0/24 is directly connected, Serial0/0/0 r 172.16.3.0/24 [2/0] via 172.26.5.3 Static Routing — Lab Prerequisite NEA, + Design/Connect devices as given topology ( PC/Routers/Switches) » Assign IP addressing as per the diagram ( PC/Routers) » Verify the interfaces status (should be ~ UP ~ UP ) Rieshow ip int brief Interface IP-address OK? Method Staus Protocol GigabitEthemeto/a 192.168.1.100 YES manual up w GigabitEtherneto/1 unassigned YES unset administratively down down, Serialvor ——yo001 YES manual up wVerification before static Routing NA, Risshow ip int brief Interface IP-Address OK? Method Status Provocol GigabitEtherneta/o192.1661.100 YES manual up w GGigabitEtherneta/1 unassigned YES unset administratively down down Seriaiovoo 10.001 YES manual up ® R-tashow Ip route 10.0008 is variably subneted, 2 subnets, 2 masks snns2 C 100.00/8is directly connected, Serialoi0/0 10.00.1/32 is directly connected, Serilo/0"0 192:168.1.0/2 i variably subneted, 2 subnets, 2 masks 192.168.0724 rectly connected, GigabtEthernete/0 1921681100732 i rectly comected, GlgabitEthereto'o PC>ping 192.168.2.1 | Pinging 192.18.2.1 with 22 byces of das Reply from 192.166.1100: Destination host unreachable. Reply from 192.168.1100: Destination host unreachable Reply from 192.168.1100: Destination hast unreachable 2 a Reply from 192168110: Destination hast unreachable Static Routing - Configuration NOA, R-(configh Ip route 192.168.2.0 255.255.255.0 10.0.0.2 Ritshow Ip route 10.0.0.018 I valably subnetted, 2 subnets, 2 masks C 100007815 drectly connected, Serio‘ | 1o00:132s directly connected, Serialo‘o70 182:168.1.0/24Isvalably submetted, 2 subnets, 2 masks C 192.168.1026 Is directly connected, GlgabltEtherneto/0 L 192166110032 Is rectly connected, GlgabitEtherneto0 5 192:168.2.0/24 {1/01 via 10.002 R-2{configy Ip route 192.168.1.0 255.255.255.0 10.0.0.1Static Routing ~ Verification Risshow ip route 10.0008 is varably submetted, 2 subnets, 2 masks € 19.00.0185 directly connected, Serialv0/0 L 100.0122 is iecty connected, Seraloyoro 182-108:.0/24 Is varlablysubnetted, 2 subnets, 2 masks 192.168.1.0/2¢is directly connected, CigabtFtherneto/0 L192 1681100/3 Is drectly connected, Gigabléthemeto/o, S 192.14820/24 [1/0] via 19002 PC>ping 192.168.2.1 Pinging 19216621 with 32 bytes of data: Reply fom 192.163.2.1: bytes=32 me=zoms TTL=126 Reply fom 192.168.21: bytes=2time=20ms TTL=126 Reply from 192.168.2.1: bytes=32 time=2ims TTL=126 Reply fom 192-168.2.1: bytes=52 dme=21ms TTL=126 Static Routing 3 Routers — Lab Prerequisite PCotracert 192.168.2.1 ‘Tract route to 192.768.21 over a maximum of 30 hops 1 ams 9ms Toms 192:1683.100 3o7ms 2ms zoms 19216821 Mf OA. Ratshow ip route static $ 192,168.1.0/24 [1/0] via 10.0.1 > Design/Connect devices as given topology ( PC/Routers/Switches) » Assign IP addressing as per the diagram ( PC/Routers) > Verify the interfaces status (should be ~ UP ~ UP) Ritshow ip int brief GigabitEtherneto/0 192.168.2.100 YES manual GigabitEtherneto/1 unassigned YES unset Serialo/or0 10002 YES manual Serialo/or1 11001 YES ‘manualStatic Routing 3 Routers ~ Configuration XA, ip route Revconfight tp route 192.168.20 255.255.255.0 10.002 Ret(configit Ip route 192,168.30 255.255.255.0 S0/0/0 Rev(confight Ip route 11.000 255.255.255.252 10.002 nil R-s(configy Ip route 192.168.20 255.255.255.0 S0/0/0 R-x(configh Ip route 192.168.1.0 255.255.2550 11.0.1 R-x(configy Ip route 10.0.0.0 255.255.255.252 Re2(confight ip route 192.168.1.0 258.255.255.0 50/0/0 Re2(configl’ ip route 192.1683 255.255.255.0 11.002 1.00.1 Static Routing 3 Routers ~ Verification NEA, Ritshow Ip route static +71000/30Is subnetced, 1 subnets Smaooivolva woao2 5 192:168.20/24 1/0] va 2002 5 192:148.3.0/24 Is directly connected, Seriala/o/0 Ratshow ip route static 5 192.166:.0/2611/0] via 100031 Is directly connected, Serialav0/0 S 19216830728 (1/0) via 1.002 oh 10.20.0790 subneted,1 subnets S 10000117) via 11.001 seat $.192:168.1.0/24 (10) va 1.001, 5 192168.20/26s directly connected, Serlalor0°0 (CAptracert 192.168.3.1 Capping 192.168.3.1 “Tracing route to 192.1683.1 over a maximum of 30 hops Pinging 193-1683. with 32 bytes of data: > cav0 Rephy from 192.168. ti Tims oms ome r92368.1 Ken fom ebay tmeoms Teas 29m ims ome 10003 Reply from 192-1683. bytes-32 tme—2ms TTL=125 3 2ms ums ams 11902 Reply rom 192-1683. bytes=32 me=2ms TTL=125 4 M1ms tims oms —s92.1663.1 ‘Trace complete.Static Routing - Nexthop or terface JN CA, (config Ip route > Next-hop defines to which next-hop to send ( point-to-point ,Broadcast or Point multipoint networks) > Static route to direct traffic using thel ERICH; the trafic wil be SERSTBFoRdcast ( Router will ARPHGRhe final GesStIOH?| May decrease performance, because iets Roateastnenorts That means $< > is best practice to use The configuration exit interface will work but may affect the performance of you network Ratshow Ip route Ritshow ip route static, 10.000/501s subnette, 1 subnets 11.000290{s subnetted, subnets 5 10000/30{V01 via 1.001 S nooo (v0) via o0a2 11.0.00/8 i variably subneted,2 subnets, 2 masks $ 19216820726 [1/0] ia 2002 C 110007816 directly connected, Seraior0/0 _Spnres307 aay comecte, Sree 1 11.002/32 i directly connected, Seriair0/0 5 192:168.10/24[1/01 la 11.001 5 192.168.20/24's directly connected, Serisiov0/0 192166:3.0724 Is varlably submetted, 2 subnets, 2 masks Ratshow ip route static C 192.168 30/24 I rectly connected, GigabitEtherneto/0 S 192.168:1.0/241101 via 10001 1 192-168.3.100/52 is directly connected, GigablEthernew0 Is directly connected, Srilo/o/0 S 1921683072410] va 1.002 Source 192.168.1.1/24 Destination 192.168.3.1/24Static Routes- Multiple Paths \s per the static Routing configured in the previous I + Toreach R1- R2 LAN uses path via R1-R2 + Torreach R1-R3 LAN uses path via R1-R2-R3 Re(configh fp route 192.168.20 255.255.255.0 10.0.0.2 Re(configh fp route 192.168.30 255.255.255.0 So/0/0 Re(configh ip route 11.0.0 255.255.255.252 R-2(configh® fp route 192.168.1.0 R.2(configh fp route 192.168.3.0 255.255.255.0 s0/0/0 255.255.255.0 11.00.2 R-x(configyt ip route 192.168.20 R-x(configyt Ip route 192.168.1.0 R-xXconfig ip route 10.000 255.255.2550 0/0/0 255.255.2550 11.001 255.255.255.252 11.0.0.1 Static Routes- Multiple Paths Ri(confighAHGlIBl route 192.168.20 255.255.2550 10.0.0.2 Ri(configno Ip route 192.168.3.0 255.255.255.0 S0/0/0 Ri(confightno ip route 11.000 255.255.255.252 100.02 Ri(confighip route 192,168.20 255.255.255.0 12.002 Ru(configh ip route 192.168.30 255.255.255.0 So/0/1 Ru(confighip route 11.000 255.255.255.252 120.02 Rafshow run | be ip route J route 192.168.1.0 255.255.2550 Serial/0/0 Ip route 1921683.0 255.255.2550 1.002 Re{configh+ no ip route 192.168.1.0 255.255.255.0 Serialo/0/0 Ra{configh Ip route 192.168.1.0 255.255.255.0 11.0.0.2 | 10.002 JM OA. Re1(config)rint so/a/0 sD Gateway of last resort is not set C 120006 s directly connected, Serialo-a/t C_192.168:1.0/24sdrecty connected, GigEthernetero Ratshow run | begin ip route Ip route 19216820 255.255.2550 Serala/0/0 Ip route 192.168.1.0 255:255255011.001 Ip route 10.000 255.255.255.252 11003 a(confight no Ip route 192.168.1.0 255.255.255.0 11.0.0.1 Ra(configh?_no ip route 10.0.0.0 255.258.255.252 11.0.0.1 Ra(configh Ip route 192.168.1.0 255.255.255.0 30/0/1 Ri(config® Ip route 1.0.00 255.255.255.252 50/0/1FLOATING STATIC ROUTING Floating Static Routes JN A, Limitations of Static Routing » Single Point of failure. > Administrator need to re-configure the alternate path ( previous lab) » No backup path Pre-configured by default. worse “ae 0 Floating Static Routes allows you to configure static backup routes » These backup route will be used automatically if primary route or link falls Floating Static Routes ~ Configuration Example NA, Re(confight IP route 192.168.2.0 255.255.255.0 10.0.0.2 pera Ret(configh IP route 192.168.2.0 255.255.2550 12.0.0.2 2 Routing Protocol Administrative Distance Directly connected ° » Not scalable ( need to configure on each & every router for destination Networks State route 1 » Provides Redundant Routing ( if using Static Routing) adi : : GRP (dynamic routing does this automaticaly) eral AGRE ry » Default Administrative Distance of Static Routing — 1 RP 120 > Best route selected based on the Least AD value. (Least AD more Preferred) EemmalEIGRP 70 Unknown 255Floating Static Routes — Configuration XA, Ri(confightip route 192.168.2.0 255.255.255.0 10.002 Ro{confighilp route 192.168.1.0 255.255.255.0 10.0.0.1 Ri(confighip route 192.168.2.0 255.255.255.0 12.00.2 2 Ra{confighiip route 192.168.1.0 255.255.2550 11.0.0.2 2 Ri(configip route 11.000 2550.00 10.002 Ra{confighiip route 192.168.3.0 255.255.255.0 11.0.02 Ri(configiip route 17.000 255.000 1200.2 2 Ra{confightip route 192.168.3.0 255.255.255.0 10.0.01 2 Ri(confighip route 192.168.3.0 255.255.255.0 12.002 Ra{confighip route 12.000 255.000 100.01 Ri(configip route 192.168.3.0 255.255.255.0 10.002 2 Ra{confighip route 12.000 255.000 11.00.22 Ri(confighedo sh ip route static S m990%811/0i via 10902 S_ 1921662024 10] la to002 S_ 1921683024 170] va 12002,Floating Static Routes ~ Configuration NEA, Ra(confightip route 192.168.1.0 255.255.255.0 12.0.0.1 Ra(confightip route 192.168.1.0 255.255.2550 11.0.0.1 2 Ra(confightip route 192.168.2.0 255.255.255.0 11.0.0.1 Rarshow ip route static Ra(confightip route 192:168.2.0 255.255.255.012.0.0.1 2 S- 12000781101 via 12003 5 192168:10/24 1/0 via 10001 Ra(confightip route 10.0.0 255.0.00 11.0.0.1 s Ra(confightip route 10.0.0 255.000 1200.1 2 19216830728 [2/0] via 0.00.1 Ra(configitdo sh ip route static S 10000%8{1/0] va 11.003 5 192168.1.0728 1/01 via 120.03 S- 192168.20/26 1/0] via 11.001DEFAULT ROUTING Static Default Routing XA, » By Default, ROURERseard packet if MBElatehes routes in the Routing able. » Routes uses default route if no specific route matches the Routing table. Used to route rac for GRTESRANOA nt -onfig)# Ep Heute 0.0. R2# how ip route 1.9/8 te sesty coamcted Serisle/07. ee > Routers can be configured to use a Satay configured or Mymareallyearned default route. Static Default Routing MOA, » Also can be used at end locations.(optional) ‘Company has many remote sites, each with a single, relatively slow WAN connection Dynamic routing uses more bandwidth for updates/messages. TREAT hs only AEBERAEBAVAKANROU to we 0 send packets to the rest of the network ‘Send Al Non iocal Packets to Core son |— R2 (config) # ip route 0.0.0.0 0.0Static Default Routing XA, R2 (config) # Sp/E6ute00¥0101/070z0,0)80/0/2 codes: 1 = conected, QIRINEAENG, R - RIP, = mobile, 8 - BoP catoway of ast resort fn 0.0.0.9 t0 network 9.9.0.0 5# 0,0.0.0/9 tw aizectiy comactad, Serialo/e/t 07 > S, meaning static, but also with a *, meaning itis a candidate default route >The “Gateway of Last Resort” refers to the chosen default route, Static Routing ~ Limitations NA, > Mandatory need of Destination Network ID , Next-hop IP / Exit interface » Not Scalable for bigger networks (because of manual Route Configuration) » Any changes will impact the communication ( need to re-configure)192.168.1.3, 192.168.1.4 192.168.1.4 Neaaaade 192.168.2.1 192.168.2.2 192.168,1,0/24 192.168.2.0/24 Pre-requirement for LAB (check previous labs) «Design the topology ( connectivity ) «Assign the IP address according to diagram «Make sure that interfaces used should be in UP UP state * Verify Routing table and reachability between the LAN’s ( using PING and TRACE commands } R-I#tshow ip route Gateway of last resort is not set 4 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0 R-2#tshow ip route Gateway of last resort is not set c 4 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/O NOTE: * The above routing table displays only the networks which are directly connected * By default router don't know about the networks which are not directly connected and that the reason there is no reachability between the two LAN’s * So to provide reachability we need fo implement any type of the routingPC> ipconfig IP Address..... 192.168.1.1. Subnet Mask... soot 255.255.255.0 Default Gateway. 192.168. 1.100 PC>ping 192.168.2.1 Pinging 192.168.2.1 with 32 bytes of data: ten for Vl | eb Besta ow unwachobl Reply from 192.168.1.100: Destination host unreachable. Reply from 192.168.1.100: Destination host unreachable. Ping statistics for 192.168.2.1 Packets: * from the above output we can see there is no communication between 192.168.1.1 and 192.168.2.1 and they are on different networks. * In order to communicate we need fo implement any of the routing ( here in this we use static routing ) On R-1 R-I(config) # ip route 192.168.2.0 255.255.255.0 10.0.0.2 -I (config) # end R-Iifsh ip route Gateway of last resort is not set C 10.0.0.0/8 is directly connected, Seriai0/0 C_192.168.1.0/24 is ie connected, Fastéthernet0/0 On R-2 R-2{config) #ip route 192.168.1.0 255.255.2550 10.0.0.1 R-2(config) tend R-2itshow ip route Gateway of last resort is not set C_ 10.0.0.0/8 is gies connected, Serial0/0 C 192.168.2.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0 PC>ipconfig IP Address... Default Gateway. 192, 168.1.100PC>ping 192.168.2.1 Pinging 192.168.2.1 with 32 bytes of data: Request timed out. Reply OMMOZNSBIANNBYIES=32 time=20ms TIL=126 Reply from 192. 168,2.1: bytes=32 time=21ms THL=126 Reply from 192, 168.2.1: bytes=32 time=21ms TIL=126 PC>ping 192.168.2.2 Pinging 192.168.2.2 with 32 bytes of data: Request timed out. Reply from 192.168.2.2: byte: Reply from 192.168.2.2: byte: PC>racert 192.168.2.1 Tracing route to 192.168.2.1 over a maximum of 30 hops: R-2tping 192.168.1.1 Type escape sequence to abort. Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 192. 168.1. 1, timeout is 2 seconds: Success rate is FOOIBEPEEMT (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 10/15/18 msLoli je 192.168.2.1 192,168.22 192.168.3.1 192.168.3.2 192.168.1.2 192.168.1.0/24 192.168.2.0/24 192.168,3.0/24 Pre-requirement for LAB (check previous labs) + Design the topology { connectivity } «Assign the IP address according to diagram * Make sure that interfaces used should be in UP UP state TASK: © Configure Static routing + Verify Routing table and reachability between the LAN's ( using PING and TRACE commands } R-I#sh ip route Gateway of last resort is not set C 10.0.0.0/8 is directly connected, Seriai0/0 C 192.168.1.0/24 is directly connected, Fast&thernet0/O R-2#tsh ip route Gateway of last resort is not set C 10.0.0.0/8 is directly connected, Seriai0/0 C 11.0.0.0/8 is directly connected, Seriai0/1 C 192.168.2.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0 R-3#sh ip route Gateway of last resort is not set C 11.0.0.0/8 is directly connected, Seriai0/0 C 192.168,3.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0 Router- 1 R-1(config)# ip route 192.168.2.0 255.255.255.0 10.0.0.2 R-I(config}# ip route 192.168.3.0 255.255.255.0 10.0.0.2Router -2 R-2(config)# ip route R-2(config) # ip route Router -3 R-3(config) # ip route config] # ip route 192.168.1.0 255.255.255.0 10.0.0.1 192,168.3.0 255.255.255.0 11.0.0.2 192.168.2.0 258.255.255.0 11.0.0.1 192.168.1.0 255.255.255.0 11.0.0.1 R-3l R-3{config) # jp route 10.0.0.0 255.0.0.0 1.0.0.1 R-1#tshow ip route Gateway of last resort is not set C_ 10.0.0.0/8 hat comnected Serial0/0 C_ 192.168.1.0/24 i connected, FastEthernet0/0 R-2#show ip route C 10.0.0.0/8 is directly connected, Serial /0 C_11.0.0.0/8 is J connected, Serial0/I CC 192.168.2.0/24 is cr connected, FastEthernet0/0 R-3tshow i route c 11.0.0.0/8 is directly connected, Serial0/0 C 192.168.3.0/24 is directly connected, Fastéthernet0/0 PC>ipconfig IP Address... 21 192.168.1.1 Subnet Mask. + 255.255.255.0 Default Gateway... 192, 168. 1.100 PC>ping 192.168.2.1 Pinging 192.168.2.1 with 32 bytes of data: Request timed out. Reb om 92 TSB ZESEYES=32time=19ms T= 125 Reply from 192.168.2.1: bytes=32 time=20ms TIL=126 Reply from 192.168.2.1: bytes=32 time=14ms TTL=126 PC>ping 192.168.3.1 Pinging 192.168.3.! with 32 bytes of data: Request timed out. epi om SATSESINEWES=2 time=27ms M=125Reply from 192.168.3.1: bytes=32 time=22ms TIL=125 Reply from 192.168.3.1: bytes=32 time=25ms TIL=125 PC>tracert 192.168.3.1 Tracing route to 192.168.3.1 over a maximum of 30 hops: 1_5ms_8ms_ 8 Trace complete. R-I#tping 192.168.3.1 Type escape sequence to abort. Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 192.168.3.1, timeout is 2 seconds: Success rate is [OOIBEFEEMt (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 9/16/31 ms R-3#ping 192.168.1.1 Type escape sequence fo abort. Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 192.168.1.1, timeout is 2 seconds: Success rate is TOO/BEFEBAt (5/5), round-trip minjavg/max = 10/15/18 msLAB: Static Routing - Redundant links 2 s6.1.0/26 92.1683. swa.tent2 ‘iasesa.0/24 TASK: * Continue with the same configurations done in the previous lab. * Connect RI - R3 WAN link using any of the serial interface and assign ip address as per the diagram. * Save the topology and configurations for future labs. R-1#sh ip interface brief Interface IP-Address OK? Method Status Protocol FastEthernet0/0 192.168.1.100 YES manual up up FastEthernet0/I unassigned YES unset administratively down down Serial0/0 10.0.0.1 YES manual up up Serial0/1 unassigned YES unset administratively down down R-3#tsh ip interface brief Interface IP-Address OK? Method Status Protocol FastEthemet0/0 192.168.3100 YES manual up up FastEthemet0/] unassigned _YES unset administratively down down Seriai0/0 1.0.0.2 YES manual up up SerialO/1 unassigned YES unset administratively down down. R-1 (config:f) #interface serial 0/1 R-I(configeif) #ip address 12.0.0.1 255.0.0.0 R-1(configrif} #no shutdown R-1 (config-f] #clock rate 64000 R-I(config:f) #end R-1#tsh ip int brief Interface IP-Adaress OK? Method Status Protocol FastEthernet0/0 192.168.1100 YES manual up up Fastethernet0/1_ unassigned YES unset administratively down down Seriaio/0 10.0.0.1 YES manual up up Seriai0/1 12.0.0.) YES manual down down when Saroniehonscsi meaassahtonnsam® Page 25R-3(config) #int serial 0/1 R-3(config-f] #ip address 12.0.0.2 255.0.0.0 R-3(config-f] #no shutdown R-3(configeif] #end R-3#tsh ip int brief Interface IP-Address OK? Method Status Protocol Fastéthemet0/0 192.168.3100 YES manual up up FastEthemet0/I unassigned _YES unset administratively down down Serial0/0 1.0.0.2 YES manual up up Serial/1 12.0.0.2 YES manual up up R-3#ping 12.0.0.1 Type escape sequence fo abort. Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 12.0.0.1, timeout is 2 seconds: mm Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip minfavg/max = 5/11/28 ms R-3#tsh ip route Gateway of last resort is not set S$. 10.0.0.0/8 [1/0] via 11.0.0.1 C 11.0.0.0/8's directly connected, Seriai0/0 C_ 12.0.0.0/8 is directly connected, Serial0/1 S 192.168. 1.0/24 [1/0] via 1.0.0.1 S. 192,168.2,0/24 [1/0] via 11.0.0.1 CC 192,168.3.0/24 is directly connected, Fastéthernet0/0 R-Iifsh ip route Gateway of last resort is not set CC 10.0.0.0/8 is directly connected, Serial0/0 S_ 11.0.0.0/8 [1/0] via 10.0.0.2 C 12.0.0.0/8 is directly connected, Serial0/1 CC 192.168.1.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0 S$ 192,168.2.0/24 [1/0] via 10.0.0.2 S$ 192.168.3.0/24 [1/0] via 10.0.0.2 PC>ipconfig FastEthernet0 Connection:(default port) Link-local IPv6é Address. FE80::210:1 1 FF:FE3B:B4D1 IP Adatress.. 7 192.168.1.1 Subnet Mask... 1 255.255.255.0 Default Gateway. 192.168.1.100 PC>ping 192.168.2.1 Pinging 192.168.2.1 with 32 bytes of data: Request timed out. Reply from 192.168.2.1: byte: Reply from 192. 168.2.1: byte:Reply from 192.168.2.1: bytes=: Ping statistics for 192.168.2.1: Packets: Sent = 4, Received = 3, Lost = I (25% loss), Approximate round trip fimes in mill-seconds: ‘Minimum = Ims, Maximum = 2Ims, Average = 8ms PC>ping 192.168.3.1 Pinging 192.168.3.1 with 32 bytes of data: Request timed out. Reply from 192.168.3.1: byte: Reply from 192.168.3.1: byte: Reply from 192.168.3.1: bytes: Ping statistics for 192. 168.3.1 Packets: Sent = 4, Received = 3, Lost = 1 (25% loss), Approximate round trip times in mill-seconds: ‘Minimum = 2ms, Maximum = éms, Average = 3ms PC>tracert 192.168.2.1 Tracing route to 192.168.2.1 over a maximum of 30 hops: 1 Oms Oms Oms 192.168.1.100 2 1ms Oms Oms 10.0.0.2 3 Oms Ims ims 192.168.2.1 Trace complete. PC>tracert 192.168.3.1 Tracing route to 192.168.3.1 over a maximum of 30 hops: 1 Oms Oms Oms 192.168.1100 20ms Oms ims 10.0.0.2 3 lms Oms Oms 11.0.0.2 4. 17ms Oms Oms 192.1683.) Trace complete. As per the static Routing configured in the previous lab ‘+ Toreach RI- R2 LAN uses path via R1-R2 + Toreach R1-R3 LAN uses path via RI-R2-R3 TAS ‘+ Shutdown the link netween R1-R2 (Here we are assuming the link goes down) R-1 (config) #int s0/0 R-I (configrif) #shutdown R-I(config-f]#endR-Iifsh ip route Gateway of last resort is not set C 12.0.0.0/8 is directly connected, Serial0/1 CC 192.168.1.0/24 is directly connected, Fastéthernet0/0 Shutting down the link between R1-R2 will automatically removes the static route from the RI as the static route are configured via s0/0 interface as the next-hop is not reachable The major drawback is if the route goes down the administrator has fo manually change the route on all the routers R-1 (config) #no ip route 192.168.2.0 255.255.255.0 10.0.0.2 R-I (config) #no ip route 192.168.3.0 255.255.255.0 10.0.0.2 R-1 (config) #no ip route 11.0.0.0 255.0.0.0 10.0.0.2 R-I (config) #ip route 1.0.0.0 255.0.0.0 12.0.0.2 R-I (config) #ip route 192.168.2.0 255.255.255.0 12.0.0.2 R-I (config) #ip route 192.168.3.0 255.255.255.0 12. R-2itsh ip interface brief Interface IP-Address OK@ Method Status Protocol FastEthemet0/0 192.168.2100 YES manual up up FastEthemet0/1 unassigned —_YES unset administratively down down Seriai0/0 10.0.0.2 YES manual down down Seriai0/1 1.0.0.1 YES manual up up R-2tsh ip route Gateway of last resort is not set C 11.0.0.0/8 is directly connected, Serial0/1 CC 192.168.2.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthemet0/0 S$ 192,168.3.0/24 [1/0] via 1.0.0.2 R-2(config) #no ip route 192.168.1.0 255.255.255.0 10.0.0.1 R-2(config) # ip route 12.0.0.0 255.0.0.0 11.0.0.2 R-2(config) # ip route 192.168.1.0 255.255.255.0 1.0.0.2 R-2#sh ip route Gateway of last resort is not set C 11.0.0.0/8 is directly connected, Serial0/1 S- 12.0.0.0/8 [1/0] via 11.0.0.2 S_ 192,168.1.0/24 [1/0] via 1.0.0.2 C 192.168.2.0/24 is directly connected, Fastethernet0/0 S$ 192.168.3.0/24 [1/0] via 1.0.0.2 R-3tsh ip route Gateway of last resort is not set S_ 10.0.0.0/8 [1/0] via 11.0.0.1 C 11.0.0.0/8 is directly connected, Serial0/0CC 12.0.0.0/8 is directly connected, Serial0/1 S-_ 192.168.1.0/24 [1/0] via 1.0.0.1 $_ 192.168.2.0/24 [1/0] via 1 1.0.0.1 C 192.168.3.0/24 is directly connected, Fastéthernet0/0 Here the routes are sfill in the routing table, but the reachabilityto 192.168. 1.0 wiil not work. As R3 send fo R2 and R2 sends back fo R3 as per the routing fable manually configured. To verify use tracert command on PC from 192.168.3.1 fo 192.168.1.1 PC>ipconfig FastEthernet0 Connection:(default port) Link-local IPV6 AAAPeS8 nun! FEBO::200:CFFIFEOA:98CA, IP AALS... sorerersenree! 192,168.3.1 Subnet Mask, 255.255.255.0 Default Gateway... 1 192.168.3.100 PC>tracert 192.168.1.1 Tracing route to 192.168.1.1 over a maximum of 30 hops: 1 lms Oms Ims 192.168.3.100 22ms Oms 3ms 11.0.0.) 3 Ims Oms ims ~ 192,168.3.100 4 4ms Oms ims 11.0.0.) 5 lms Ims Sms 192.168.3.100 6 Iims Iims Ims 11.0.0.1 7 1ms Oms 16ms 192.168.3100 8 13ms Ilms 13ms 11.0.0.) 9 10ms I3ms I3ms 192.168.3.100 10 12ms 12ms 12ms_ 11.0.0.1 I) 13ms 16ms 12ms — 192.168.3.100 12 12ms 12ms 18ms_ 11.0.0.1 13 12ms 6ms 12ms 192.168.3.100 14 l6ms 12ms 12ms_ 11.0.0.) 15 12ms 12ms 13ms_ 192.168.3.100 16 22ms 22ms 14ms_ 11.0.0.1 17 I1ms 12ms 18ms 192.168.3.100 18 16ms 25ms 23ms 1.0.0.1 19 23ms 22ms 22ms 192.168.3.100 20 Contro-C AC R-3{config) #no ip route 192.168.1.0 255.255.255.0 11.0.0.1 R-3(config) #ip route 192.168.1.0 255.255.255.0 12.0.0.1 R-3#tsh jp route Gateway of last resort is not set S$. 10.0.0.0/8 {1/0} via 1.0.0.1 C 11.0.0.0/8 is directly connected, Serial /0/0 C 12.0.0.0/8 is directly connected, Serial0/0/1 S$ 192.168.1.0/24 [1/0] via 12.0.0.1 S 192.168.2.0/24 [1/0] via 11.0.0.1CC 192.168.3.0/24 is directly connected, Fastéthernet0/0 PC>ipconfig FastEthernet0 Connection:(default port) Link-local IPvé Adiatress........! FE8O::200:CFF:FE6A:98CA IP AAAS... 192.168.3.1 Subnet Mask... 1 255.255.255.0 Default Gatewayonsnnrne! 192,168.3.100 PC>ping 192.168.1.1 Pinging 192.168.1.1 with 32 bytes of data: Reply from 192.168.1.1: bytes=32 time=1ms TL=126 Reply from 192.168.1.1: bytes=32 time=Ims T.=126 Reply from 192.168. 1.1: bytes=32 time=3ms M.=126 Reply from 192,168. 1.1: bytes=32 time=Ims TL=126 Ping statistics for 192. 168.1.1 Packets: Sent = 4, Received = 4, Lost = 0 (0% loss), Approximate round trip times in mill-seconds: ‘Minimum = Ims, Maximum = 3ms, Average = Ims PC>tracert 192.168.1.1 Tracing route to 192.168.1.] over a maximum of 30 hops: 1 Ims Oms Oms 192.168.3.100 2 1ms Oms Oms 12.0.0. 3 ims Oms Oms 192.1681.) Trace complete. PC>ping 192.168.2.1 Pinging 192.168.2.1 with 32 bytes of data: Reply from 192.168.2.1: bytes=32 time=Ims TTL=126 Reply from 192.168.2.1: bytes=32 time=Ims TTL=126 Reply from 192.168.2.1: bytes=32 time=3ms TIL=126 Reply from 192.168.2.1: bytes=32 time=Ims TTL=126weasess0/24 So es mesnaaya4 TASK: © Design Topologyand assign Ip addresses as per the diagram * Configure static routing on R1/R2/R3 usnig the shortest path and ensure that all the LAN interfaces of each other can ping to each other. R- sh ip int brief Interface IP-Adaress OK? Method Status Protocol FastEthemet0/0 —_192.168.1.100 YES manual up up FastEthemet0/I unassigned —_YES unset administratively down down Seriai0/0 1.0.0.1 YES manual up up, Serial0/1 12.0.0.1 YES manual up up R-2#sh ip int brief Interface IP-Adaress OK? Method Status Protocol FastEthemet0/0 192.168.2100 YES manual up up FastEthemet0/I unassigned YES unset administratively down down Seriai0/0 10.0.0.2 YES manual up up Serial0/1 1.0.0.1 YES manual up up R-3#sh ip int brief Interface IP-Adaress OK? Method Status Protocol FastEthemet0/0 —_192.168.3.100 YES manual up up FostEthemet0/I unassigned _YES unset administratively down down Serial0/0 1.0.0.2. YES manual up up Serial0/1 12.0.0.2 YES manual up up R-1(config) #ip route 192.168.2.0 255.255.255.0 10. R-1 (config) #ip route 192.168.3.0 255.255.255.0 12. R-1(config) #ip route 1.0.0.0 255.0.0.0 10.0.0.2 R-1(config) #end R-2(config) #ip route 192.168. 1.0 255.255.255.0 10. wns seraeio, si nme marameattimnsam Page 54R-2(config) #ip route 192.168.3.0 255.255.255.0 11.0.0.2 R-2(config) #ip route 12.0.0.0 255.0.0.0 10.0.0.1 R-2(config) #end R-3(config) R-3(config) R-3(config) R-3(config) #ip route 192.168.2.0 255.255.255.0 11.0.0. tip route 192.168.1.0 255.255.255.0 12.0.0.1 tip route 10.0.0.0 255.0.0.0 11.0.0.1 tend R-3#sh ip route static S$ 10.0.0.0/8 [1/0] via 1.0.0.1 S$ 192,168.1.0/24 [1/0] via 12.0.0.1 S$ 192.168.2.0/24 [1/0} via 11.0.0.1 R-2#sh ip route static $ 12.0.0.0/8 [1/0] via 10.0.0.1 S-_ 192,168.1.0/24 [1/0] via 10.0.0.1 S- 192.168.3.0/24 [1/0] via 11.0.0.2 R-1#tsh ip route static S$ 11.0.0.0/8 [1/0] via 10.0.0.2 S$ 192.168.2.0/24 [1/0] via 10.0.0.2 S- 192.168.3.0/24 [1/0] via 12.0.0.2 R-1#ping 192.168.3.100 Type escape sequence fo abort. Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos fo 192. 168.3.100, timeout is 2 seconds: mt Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 1/10/14 ms R-I#fraceroute 192.168.3.100 Type escape sequence fo abort. Tracing the route to 192.168.3.100 1 1200.2 9msec 2msec 2msec R-I#tfraceroute 192.168.2.100 Type escape sequence fo abort. Tracing the route to 192.168.2100 1 10.0.0.2 1é6msec Omsec Omsec R-2#traceroute 192.168.1.100 Type escape sequence fo abort. Tracing the route to 192.168.1.100 1 10.0.0.1 1msec Omsec Omsec R-2#traceroute 192.168.3.100 Type escape sequence fo abort. Tracing the route to 192.168.3.100 1 11.0.0.2 1msec Imsec I msecR-3# ping 192.168.1.100 Type escape sequence fo abort. Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 192.168.1.100, timeout is 2 seconds Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), roundtrip min/avg/max = 1/15/29 ms R-3é#ping 192.168.2.100 Type escape sequence fo abort. Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 192.168.2.100, timeout is 2 seconds: Mi Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 1/16/29 ms R-3#ttraceroute 192.168.2.100 Type escape sequence fo abort. Tracing the route to 192.168.2100 1 11.0.0.) msec 2msec I msec R-3#traceroute 192.168.1.100 Type escape sequence fo abort. Tracing the route to 192.168.1.100 1 120.01 Imsec 2msec msec TASK: * Configure floating static routes on RI to provide redundancy even if any one the link fails using higher adminstrative distance. * Verify by shutting down one of the interface. (config) #ip route 192.168.2.0 255.255.255.0 12.0.0.2 10 (config) #ip route 192.168.3.0 255.255.255.0 10.0.0.2 10 (config) #ip route 11.0.0.0 255.0.0.0 12.0.0.2 10 (config) #end 7 1 1 1 Re Tish 6 route static S- 192.168.3.0/24 [1/0] via 12.0.0.2 (config) #int s0/0 Rel ( R-I (config-f] #shutdown R-I (configeif) #exit nena sh 3 route static S- 192.168.3.0/24 [1/0] via 12.0.0.2 R-1 (config) #int s0/0 R-I (config-f]#no shutdown R-I (config-if) #exitR-1 (config) #int s0/1 R-I (config-f]#shutdown R-I (config-if) #exit R-1(config)#do sh ip route static S$ 11.0.0.0/8 [1/0] via 10.0.0.2 S$ 192,168.2.0/24 [1/0] via 10.0.0.2 $ 192,168.3.0/24 [10/0} via 10.0.0.2 R-1 (config) #int s0/1 R-1(configeif) #no shutdown R-I(config-if] #end :_ Verifying longest Match: To reach from RI fo reach 192.168.2.0 the route uses 10.0.0.2 as next hop (because of AD valve =1 compared to nexthop = 12.0.0.2 (AD-= 10) Configure R1 to write static route to 192.168.2.100/32 via 12.0.0.2 verify the routing table. R-T#tsh running-confi ip route 192.168.3.0 255.255.255.0 12.0.0.2 ip route 11.0.0.0 255.0.0.0 10.0.0.2 ip route 192.168.2.0 255.255.255.0 12.0.0.2 10 lip route 192.168.3.0 255.255.255.0 10.0.0.2 10 ip route 11.0.0.0 255.0.0.0 12.0.0.2 10 R-I#tsh ip route static S- 11.0.0.0/8 [1/0] via 10.0.0.2 S$ 192,168.2,0/24 [1/0] via 10.0.0.2 S$ 192.168.3.0/24 [1/0] via 12.0.0.2 R-1 (config) #ip route 192.168.2.100 255.255.255.255 12.0.0.2 -I (contig) #end R-Iitsh ip route static S_ 11.0.0.0/8 [1/0] via 10.0.0.2 192, 168.2.0/24 is variably subnetted, 2 subnets, 2 masks 192. 168.2.0/24 [1/0] via 10.0.0.2 S- 192.168.3.0/24 [1/0] via 12.0.0.2 R-I#traceroute 192.168.2.100 Type escape sequence fo abort. Tracing the route to 192.168.2.100 1 12.0.0.2 10msec Omsec I msec 2 11.0.0.1 Omsec Omsec Omsec R-I#Hfraceroute 192.168.2.1 Type escape sequence fo abort. Tracing the route to 192.168.2.11 10.0.0.2 2msec Imsec Omsec 2 192.168.2.1 Omsec Omsec IémsecDYNAMIC ROUTING Dynamic Routing ~ Overview JN OA, » Routing - Move an IP packet from one network to a different network » A router learns about nonattached networks through configuration of static routes or through dynamic Routing protocols. Advantages of Dynamic Routing » No need of manual configuration (unlike static routing) > Leams about other networks via advertisements ( of directly connected networks) » Automatically select the best route. ( bullds routing table) » Updates the topology changes dynamically. » No need to know the destination networks. (others network) » Administrative work is reduced » Applicable for large organizations. Dynamic Routing Protocols NA, » Routing Information Protocol Version 2 (RIPv2) » Enhanced Interior Gateway Routing (EIGRP) » Open Shortest Path First (OSPF) » Intermediate System-to-Intermediate System (15-15) » Border Gateway Protocol (BGP)PF - ROUTING Pi 1 OSPF — Open Shortest path First Sikandar Shaik CDIEx3 (RS/SP)/SEC # 35012 Senior Technical Instructor Facebook com/sikandar35012/ if _gentinieo (care) Youtube.com/sikandarshaik (cc c JAS core} Twitter.com/sikandarccie SOME se Linkedin.com/in/sikandarshaik/ Www Nozsalutions.cam Knowledge Pre-requisite outing ( OSPF/ISIS CCNA 200-301 ( old CCNA RS ~ 200-125) » Understand LAN/WAN Connectivity » IP address configuration » What is Routing ? » Static & Default Routing, Configurations » Dynamic Routing ~ overview / Basic configuration CERTIFIED (CCIE) SECURITY | BA.OSPF _- Open Shortest path first NA, » Standard protocol (Cisco /Non-Cisco devices) > [Slastessrouringyprotocal (arty subnetanask information & supports VLSM). » Uses SPF (shortest path first) or clikistra algorithm. > Metric - Least Cost (Sum of al the cost values) (cost=10 *8/B.W.) » Administrative distance is 110. » Supports Equal cost load balancing, RP osPr chcouyn avtomohignem ant 1,000,000 0,000 | C S BS Lo oss ea — How it works ? ( 2ps0 Sten clon!) Aun NEA. Becomingneishbor: (Cheb, ols rele tion chwrwext) We lrnicon oh donner » A relationship between two routers that connect tothe same dat ink, Show decd couet created so that the neighboring routers have a means to exchange their LSDBs. * Exchanging databases: 1chomyie oho Uafor mnchue Bpobep yur rn Birman) » The process of sending LSAs to neighbors SSithatlallFOUterslearnsthesamieILSAS. ‘Adding the best routes: = exehouge 158 » Calculating the best routes, and adding those to the IPva routing table a Router LSA ~ Parl Contants nt Ads: 172160128 Site ue oct 10eae ne ae mievells = rdbufi he Aalohn dee Vu wage Cored as 198 (peg et hai esep enwre Mo pogutle bolle Toko ks Ws = OSPF — Becoming Neighbors i a MA,, OSPRpress sare with messages called OSPR SES. OWN forte & porn dh Roufeys > [iia state of a neighbor relationship. Indicates thatthe rourer ROCHE ve SHOSPE Wea PIC. eo 36 og” @* > *e-- > State indicates that a hello packet has been received from another router avant diet obbe une cefehm but bidirectional communication has not been established. de ronwone lo roe] &ro Of paver! AWAY: °Y, * eharneng ont of efals > Bidirectional communication has been established. Ber plone se orye > Ifa DR or BDR is needed, the election occurs during this state. (covered later) r Adresse oe mull oa ffusion OSPF Becoming Neighbors (© 7S % Heyes NA, > Helo pate ae sre » Router sends multicast OSPF Hello packets to each interface and hopes to receive OSPF Hello packets from other routers connected to those interfaces. » OSPF routers can become nelhbor fey ate connected fo these subnet. (Pi to R2 Link comes up...) @rteto, soon (ri, My FIO 1.4.1.4 pat a echanne Cu few de loroen » way means both routers becom neighbors & ready to exchange their LSDB with each other. > Verity OSPF neighbors 4 Show ip ospf neighborve rebh “ 7 ape L mbohon de roumens howe Ba hae ce danacto Verify OPSF Neighbors ‘ NETWORK OWLIWE ACADEMY » Once both routers become neghbors and ready to change thelr (SDB with each other » Verify OSPF neighbors 4 Show Ip ospf neighbor R2tahow ip capt neighbor Neighbor 1D Pei State iser6e.2.100 0 PULLS — isa"age't i000 Fumay — ae OSPF Router-ID ( deat font de revtewr Y NW OA aay » OSPF router ID (RID) is a 32-bit number that uniquely identifies an OSPF router » OSPF router is identified using same ID in all directions. > Router-ID decided based on the order given below Manual Router-D ( prefered) 2. Highest IP of the Loopback interface 3. Highest IP of Physical Interface Sexian0/e/a » Default uses highest IP address of active physical interface. if not configured) a ——Fa0/ Fa0/1—— Routertconfig) # Router ospf 1 Routericonfig-router) # Routerid 19.1.1.1 baa ee Titi NOTE >The RID must be unique for each OSPF process in an OSPF domain. » and must be unique between OSPF processes on a same router.OSPF Router-ID_- Verification NPA. routing Protocol Sa Tompe 1" : fR2tshow ip ospf neighbor Ineignnsr 1p Pri state Dead Time is2ri68-3.100 0 FuuL/ — cor00:38, iszit6s:2:100 © 0 Fuuty — 0:00:30, 28 Sorialo/0/2 Seria10/0/0 OSPF — LSDB MOA, > First, the routers together build a lot of information about the network: routers, inks, IP addresses, status information » Then the routers flood the information, so all routers know the same information. Advertise practically every detail about the internetwork to all the other routers. > At the end, every router in the internetwork must have exact same information about the internetwork. Link State Database (LSDB) 8 Router LSA — Partial Contents Router 1 Int IP Adese: 172.169.1106 3888 uP. 10 » Each LSA isa data structure with some specific information about the network topology > LSDB is simply the collection of all the LSAs » Display information about different OSPF LSAs. 4# show ip ospf databaseOSPF Database Table NA, » Referred to as LSDB (link state database) » Every router in the Internetwork must have exact same information about the Internetwork. © show Ip ospf database Link State Database (LSDB) 8 Router LSA — Partial Contos ower. 8888 Ink IP Across: 172.16 2.1728 State uP. Gost +0 n2tehow ip ospf davan: ‘with 1D (192.168.2.100) (Process 2D 2) Router Link states (Area 0) Link 10 aby Router age seat checkaun Link count i92:i68.1.100 1921168-1-100 1236 (x80000006 Oxoocbe7 3 92146013100 1921168131100 1235 (090000006 Ox000ab0 3 OSPF — Exchanging the LSDB Between Nei EXSTART bors NA, >This the fist tat Tg aM ATE. » Routers identify which router will be qifiastehOF Shive FOF He USDB SynchrOniaatOn, so 00 e002 roeOSPF — Exchanging the LSDB Between Neighbors NA, > After two routers decide to exchange databases, » Exchange list of LSAs in their respective databases—not all the details of the LSAs, » Then each router can check which LSAs it already has and then ask the other router for only the LSAs waaay ESI eee aay ory aataine a. = ‘Thanks forthe information Aah EXCHANGE » During this state, routers are exchanging link states by using DBDIpaekers. OSPF — Adding the Best routes NA, » Each router can check which LSAs it already has and then ask the other router for only the LSAs » At the end, every router in the Internetwork must have exact same information about the internetwork. x ‘we s wate ‘0 Ls te entry for network 172.160.0/16 ws no isa isa ee sa Here is re 2.160076 [aa sa — E <—> \Dauetanenomee) ic LOADING Ea + LSR packets are sent to the neighbor, - Stic OREERETECNELSAsa eben iso bt not esi) inte Exchange sate, FULL ‘ighboring routers are fully adjacent. (Routers have synchronized database). » Apply algorithm analyzes (with math) the LSDB Calculate the best route based on Bandwidth (10% /BW) ~ update in the Routing table.Maintaining Neighbors and the LSDB NA, » Incremental updates » Periodically send hello packets are sent every fOSCOH (eae 4038) “ek > Convergence rate is fast (40 sec) Periodic Update ~ 30 Minutes » Each router (the defauin, > (ote that , 50 there Is no single big event where the network is overloaded with flooding LSAs) OSPF -Tables Mf OA, Neighbor table > Includes the list SGnfSeRCORnectee FOURS InfoMMaHIOh. # show ip ospf nelghbor Routing table » The best route to the destination # show ip route Database Table » Referred to as LSDB (link state database) 4+ show ip ospf databasePF LE AREA CONFIGURATION Configuring OSPF KOA, (config router ospf snap (configrouter+ network area comes: pate one ln Alcon Tuer sett Ri(config-routen# network 10.1000 00.255.255 are > [PFOEESSIDNs 2 number used to/fentfyaROSPR outing pFOEAon the router at » Multiple OSPF processes can be started on the same router » The number can be any value between 1 and 65,535. OSPF - Wild Card Mask ( WCM) XA, Tells the [OS which portion of the bits to match or ignore. » Decimal o: The router must compare this octet as normal 5 Decinol25: The router ignores his ett, considering Ito already match vB t tt ttt 0. 0. 0.255 0. 0.285.285 0.285.255 .285 In OSPF wildcard mask: (0 - Checks the corresponding bit in the address, ‘1 Ignores the corresponding bitin the address 1 0 0.0.255.255 aread ak Ri(config-router# network 10.1 nasa. 1 2 sn2.100 wots saronie st onscaies memsaahtinssam® Page 45Calculating Wild card Mask — for Subnets MPA,, Global Subnet Mask 255. 255. 255. 255 255. 255. 255. 255 255. 255. 255. 255, 255, 255. 255, 255 Subnet Mask 255. 255. 255. 0 255. 255, 255. 240 255, 255, 252. 0 255. 255. 285. 255 In OSPF wildcard mask: (0 Checks the corresponding bitin the address 1 = Ignores the corresponding bitin the address fi AB uct 10. 1. 2 La eee eee Ri(config-outer}# network 10.1.0.0 0.0. t { 255 = Ignore Wild card Mask — Examples JN OA. Wildcard 0.0.0.0: > Inother words, the numbers must exactly match, "****** ~s 6B = Wildcard 0.0.0.255: Compare the fist tree octets only In OSPF wildcard mask (0 Checks the corresponding bitin the address > Ignore the last octet when comparing the numbers. A 2igeaa tea covseca ding ba na stated Wildcard 0.0.255.255: a > Ignore the last two octets when comparing the numbers. Rt(Config-router# network 10.1.0.0 0.0.285.285 area 0 Wildcard 0.255.255.255: “ > Compare tiifistiéeterjonty. » Ignore the last three octets when comparing the numbers. Wildcard 255.255.255.255: ised ak neon atl aes wi mth te network conmans ete a ana, seca mmmenomronnoacom "Page 46OSPF Single Area ~ Pre-requisite NOA. Fr » Connectivity » IP Addressing configured >All interfaces UP (configh router ospf (config-router)# network area OSPF Single Area — Configuration XA,, (confighs router ospf (config-router)s network area R-2(configirouter ospf 1 R-2(config-routerfenetwork 192.168.2.0 0.0.0.255 area 0 Re2{config-routeryenetwork 11.0.0.0 0.255.255.255 area 0 R.2(config-routeryinetwork 10.0.0.0 0.255.255.255 area 0 Ret(confighrouter ospf 1 Ret(config-routerymnetwork 192.168.1.0 0.0.0.255 areao Rev(config-routerenetwork 10.0.0 0.255.255.255 areao R-2(configtrouter ospf 1 R-x(config-routernetwork 192.168.3.0 0.0.0.255 areao R-x(config-routeryénetwork 11.0.0.0 0.255.255.255 area 0OSPF Single Area ~ Verification 32.168. 1-0 (110/65) vis 10.0.0-1, 03:59:33, sertai0/0/0 ol Jo 392:16615-0 (110/65) via 11.0.0.2, 03:59:33, seriai0/0/2 > Show ip ospf neighbor » Show Ip protocols > # Show Ip route » show Ip ospf database — Ravehow ip oapt Heightor } fateh Sp ope oath oh rp (192.168.2.100) (Process 25 1) ]152.168.2.200 Router Link states (Rees 0) apy pouter age Y52.te8:2.100 144 289000004 Oadotter 5 OSPF — Advertisement Example 60/01 network Match addresses | G0/0.2 10.1.0.0 that begin with | G0/0/0 0.0.255.255 10.1 60/10 60/2/0 60/01 Severe Match addresses | 60/02 Poe2 that begin with 10 | C0/0/0 0.255.255.255 Be Go/r/o G0/2/0 60/01 network 60/02 0.0.0.0 tee 60/0/0 255.255,255.255 G0/1/0 60/2/0 network Match addresses 10.1.13.0 that begin with | 60/1/0 0.0.0.255 10.113 network ‘Match one 10.1.13.1 o/t/o yy address: 10.1.13.1192.168.2.1 192.168.2.2 192.168.3.2 192.168.2.0/24 © 192.168.3.0/24 Pre-requirement for LAB (check previous labs) * Design the topology ( connectivity } ‘© Assign the IP address according to diagram + Make sure that interfaces used should be in UP UP state Configure Dynamic routing using OSPF single area as per the diagram Verify Routing table and reachability between the LAN's ( using PING and TRACE commands } R-I#tsh ip route Gateway of last resort is not set C 10.0.0.0/8 is directly connected, Seriai0/0 CC 192.168.1.0/24 is directly connected, Fastéthernet0/0 R-2tsh ip route Gateway of last resort is not set C 10.0.0.0/8 is directly connected, Seriai0/0 C 11.0.0.0/8 is directly connected, Serial0/1 C 192.168.2.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0 R-3#tsh ip route Gateway of last resort is not set C 11.0.0.0/8 is directly connected, Seriai0/0 CC 192.168.3.0/24 is directly connected, Fastéthemet0/0 Router- 1R-1(config) #router ospf 1 R-1(config-outer) #network 192.168.1.0 0.0.0.255 area 0 -I (config-router) #network 10.0.0.0 0.255.255.255 area 0 (config) #router ospf 1 (config-router) #network 192,168.20 0.0.0.255 area 0 (config-outer) #network 11.0.0.0 0.255.255.255 area 0 (config-router) #network 10.0.0.0 0.255.255.255 area 0 Router -3 R-3(config) #router ospf 1 R-3{config-router) #network 192.168.3.0 0.0.0.255 area 0 R-3(config-router) #network 11.0.0.0 0.255.255.255 area 0 ———ee R-2#show ip ospf neighbor Neighbor ID Pri State Dead Time Address __ interface 192.168.1100 0 FULL/- 00:00:35 10.0.0.1_—Serial0/0 192.168.3.100 0 FULL/ - 00:00:37. 1.0.0.2 Serial0/1 R-1#tshow ip route Gateway of last resort is not set C 10.0.0.0/8 is io connected, Serial0/0 C_192.168.1.0/24 is i connected, FastEthernet0/0 R-1#sh ip route ospf © 11.0.0.0 [110/128] via 10.0.0.2, 00:04:25, Serial0/0 O 192,168.2.0 [110/65] via 10.0.0.2, 00:04:25, Sericl0/0 © 192,168.3.0 [110/129] via 10.0.0.2, 00:03:23, Seriai0/0 R-2#show ip route ospf © 192.168.1.0 [110/65] via 10.0.0.1, 00:05:09, Serial0/0 © 192,168.3.0 [110/65] via 1.0.0.2, 00:04:14, Serial0/1 R-3#show ip route ospf © 10.0.0.0 [110/128] via 11.0.0.1, 00:04:49, Seriai0/0 O 192.168.1.0 [110/129] via 11.0.0.1, 00:04:49, Seriai0/0 © 192,168.2.0 [110/65] via 11.0.0.1, 00:04:49, Sericl0/0 R-1#show ip protocolsRouting Protocol is (OSBne Outgoing update filter lst for all interfaces is not set Incoming update fitter lst for ail interfaces is not set Router Number of areas in this router is 1. | normal 0 stub 0 nssa Maximum path: 4 “va for Network: Routing Information Sources: Gateway Distance __Last Update 10.0.0.2 110 00:05:46 Distance: (default is 110) R-1#show ip ospf database OSPF Router with ID (192.168.1.100) (Process ID 1) Router Link LinkID ADVRouter Age — Seq# Checksum Link count 192,168.1.100 192.168.1.100 468 0x80000003 Ox00d1f4 3 192.168.2.100 192.168.2100 411 0x80000005 0x0054e6 5 192,168.3.100 192.168.3100 411 0x80000003 0x0010ad 3 PC>ipconfig IP Address... 192.168.1.1. Subnet Mask. sev! 255.255.2550 Default Gateway. 192,168. 1.100 PC>ping 192.168.2.1 Pinging 192.168.2.1 with 32 bytes of data: Request timed out. #=32 time=19ms TIL=126 Reply from 192.168.2.1: bytes=32 time=20ms TL=126 Reply from 192. 168.2.1: bytes=32 time=!4ms TTL=126 PC>ping 192.168.3.1 Pinging 192.168.3.1 with 32 bytes of data: Request timed out. epi om SSE SMEYES=92 time=27ms M=125 Reply from 192.168.3.1: bytes=32 time=22ms TIL=125 Reply from 192.168.3.1: bytes=32 time=25ms TIL=125 PC>tracert 192.168.3.1 Tracing route to 192.168.3.] over a maximum of 30 hops: 1 5ms &ms 8&ms 192.168.1.100 2 12ms 9ms 8ms 10.0.0.2 3. 17ms ms I2ms 1.0.0.2 4 24ms 27ms 25ms 192.1683.) Trace complete. R-1#ping 192.168.3.1 Type escape sequence fo abort. Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 192.168.3.1, timeout is 2 seconds:Success rate is JOOIBErEEnt (5/5). round-trip min/avg/ma» 9/16/31 ms R-3#ping 192.168.1.1 Type escape sequence fo abort. Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 192.168.].1, timeout is 2 seconds: Success rate is TOOIBEPEEMT (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 10/15/18 msPF BEST P LATION OSPF - Best Routes Calculation with SPF XA, » OSPF LSAs contain useful information, but they do not contaln the specific Information that a router needs to add to Its [Pv routing table. » A router cannot just copy information from the LSDB into a route in the IPv4 routing table. » Each router use SPF algorithm to calculate the best route MiesumposanesOSPF interface costs for ANSUGOMTNNTEAAERE in che route. Router then adds each route to its routing table: a route wit a subnet number and mask an outgoing interface, and a next-hop router IP adress [aa¥ehow tp route oer $52.166,4.0 [130/65) via 20.0.0.2, 03:59:39, sexia10/0/0 3921468.3.0 (110765) vis 11-0:012, 03:89:33, Serial0/0/2 coateaoan OSPF - Best Routes Calculation with SPF NA, » RICRY-Re Left 10 + 180+ 10 = 200 > RI-R5-Re-Rs Middle 20 + 30440 + 10 = 100 > RISR2-R3-R4-R8 Right 30+ 60+2045+10= 125 ‘ute x Each router use SPF algorithm #6 tales the Best route rere3070 >The sum of the OSPF interface costs for all outgoing interfaces inthe route » Router then adds each route to its routing table: » a route with a subnet number and mask, an outgoing interface, and a next-hop router IP address OSPF METRICOSPF Metrics (Cost) JM OA. (Cisco routers allow three different ways to change the OSPF interface cost: Using the defaule calculation per interface, and changing the Ancerface bandwidth setting, © which changes the calculated value » Directly, using the interface subcommand(IBTSSpFEDSE » Using the defautt calculation per interface, and aig tie OSPR Ie/erence bancindch setting, which changes the calculated value [Riteonfiay® interface 307078] 2 (contig-is)# Spleape ease wonfig-if}# interface 30/1/0 1 config-if)# SBTSEBETESSENS seal 30.00/58 Ehret 10950 / 3000 fo] 00o00/c0.000 ie is 0960s 1000/00, 200 1 10Gb erat ‘eomg00rtps | 300.0030, 00 600 2 [Tocieteetnernet | Sesonpookipr | sae.0n/en p68 Te OSPF Metrics (Cost) — Default Reference Bandwidth » SPF calculates the metric for each route, © Choosing the route with the best metric for each destination subnet. » By default, uses the interface bandwidth to make decistons © Reference bandwidth (100 Mbps) 10"/ Interface bandwidth » Interface Bandwidth = uses default 100 Gbps 1 aneur e ae oe 40.Gbps 1 eee . ees 10Gbps 1 1 Gbps 1 Seal 109.00 / 1548 a heat 10.00 /10000| ~ Faster 0009/1000 3 Gest Ere 10.00/600, 008 1 [akin ts S0Giab eo 109909/10 009000 1 ‘384 Kops 266 10 ait thro 0.009100 009860 z 128 Kops 781OSPF Metrics (Cost) — Default Reference Bandwidth NEA, » By default, uses the Interface bandwidth to make decisions © Reference bandwidth ‘Interface bandwidth > Ineerface Bandwidth ~ uses default Jetganterenanacare Sa up, tine proceed a wp Ra(confighe int g0/0 ‘w0Mmepe 1 ‘01bpe D 154 tops # 18K 18 226 ngs 8 120% mi “s. OSPF Metrics (Cost) ~ Default Reference Bandwidth NA, Limitations » 10S default reference bandwidth setting used earier with much slower links » Any interface with an interface bandwidth of 100 Mbps or faster ties with a calculated OSPF cost of 1 (OSPF rounds up for these calculations, resulting in a lowest possible OSPF interface cost of 1. » All interfaces from Fast Ethernet’s 100 Mbps and faster tie with their default OSPF cost » OSPF would treat a 100-Mbps link as having the same cost as a 10- or 100-Gbps link, \which is probably not the right basis for choosing routes. 100 Gbps 1 40.6bps [ft | 10.6bps 1 | 1 Gbps is | 100 tops [ft | iad 101bps 10 | 2 e ee ro) : 768 Kops | Gear om 1 ana apa Gg amet serio z aaa a 129 ht 1enos/inpnee8 2OSPF Metrics (Cost) - Manual Cost NOA,, > To.change OSPF cost directly, using the interface subcommand Ip ospf cost x [Riconfig)# interface BO/O2 | ’ icoxso Ri(config-it)# Splespficost 4 Ri (config-if)# 4plespeleest|s Ri(config-if)# interta Raf show 4p ospt interface brief Interface PID Area IP Adsreos/tiask (BBE State Noro F/C contain mm : © waa yma lms = > wise me aa siozfo 2 worse 1m aA NOTE » The output also shows a cost value of 1 for the other Gigabit interfaces, * which is the default OSPF cost for any interface faster than 100 Mbps. OSPF Metrics (Cost) - Auto-cost reference-bandwidth NOA, We can still use OSPF’s default cost calculation & changing the reference bandwidth » with the auto-cost reference-bandwidth speed » Default is 100 Mbps ( Cost — 1) 100,000/100,000 » Allow room for higher speeds. ‘auto-cost reference-bandwidth 100,000 command, meaning 48)500. MBs or 100 Gbps.) + 100-Gbps links to have an OSPF cost of 1, > 40-Gbps links to have a cost of 4, 10-Gbps links to have a cost of 10, » and 1-Gbps links to have a cost of 100. R2(config)erouter ospf 1 R2(config-router}sauto-cost reference-bandwidth 100000 lR2tshow ip osps JeigabieEthecnet0/0 és protocol és up 24, rea Metvork Type BROADCAST, ERENT NOTE > Cisco recommends making the OSPF reference bandwidth setting the same on all OSPF routers in an enterprise network.OSPF MULTIPLE AREAS OSPF Areas Sikandar Shaik BENGWB!(RS/SP)/SEC #35012 a aes SCE) cor) -acebook.com/sikandar. Youtube.com sikandarshaik Gor ce (coe) Titer c/aondarenia a za f Lis som/in/sikandarshaik/ Www.Noasolutions.com OSPF Areas > OSFP with all interfaces into the same area (usually area 0), and it works » Larger OSPF networks suffer with a single-area design. NETWORK ONLINE ACADEMY CCIE) (ccle) (cei iM OA. » Example - Enterprise network with 900 routers, rather than only 11, and several thousand subnets » Takes more CPU time & resources to run SPF Algorithm on all database. » Impact the OSPF Convergence time — very slow to react to changes in the network. Sinale Area OSPFOSPF Single Area — Limitations JM OA, » A larger topology database requires more memory on each router. » Takes more CPU time & resources to run SPF Algorithm on all database. » A single interface status change anywhere in the Internetwork (up to down, or down to up) forces every router to run SPF again! » Impact the OSPF Convergence time ~ very slow to react to changes in the network. My SPF algorithm runs too many times Jam recelving too many advertisements (LSA) My Database & Routing table is too big am running low on memoryOSPF Multiple Areas a, OA. > Multiple Areas allows to logically group set of routers in one Area. » One large LSDB and break it into several smaller LSDBs by using OSPF areas «mar Example » Internetwork with 100 routers and 200 subnets, » Broken in 10 areas, would average 10 routers and 20 subnets per area » The SPF calculation on a router would have to only process topology about 10 routers and 20 inks, > rather than 109 routers and 209 links. Ligue mena mrnceg deabare (mater arbor ‘Any changes LSA advertised with in the Area (flooding LSA with inthe Area) OSPF Multiple Areas NA, OSPF Areas are logical grouping of Routers > Minimizes the CPU & Memory resources to build & process database (smaller database) All the routers maintain same database with inthe same Area » Any changes LSA advertised with in the Area (/RSRdifi@/LSAWith inith@VAFea) ‘Any change impact all the routers with the same area Faster Convergence — if any changes occur. Restrict any changes with in that area. (not flood outside area) Routers with in the same area participate in AlgorithmOSPF multiple Areas — Design Rules NA, > One Area (use any Area number) H&Sithaiiso:so Routers. » Two or more - Must have one area called as area 0 (its backbone area) My routing table is ‘smaller as it only ‘contains Area 1 routes OSPF Multiple Areas ~ Configuration Example Area 23 router ape I network 10.1-1.2 0.0.0.0 6A network 20.2.2.2 0.0.0.0 az@al/0 network 10.2.12.1 0.0.0.0 SEBaI23 network 10.1.13.1 0.0.0.0 S#@aiIa3 network 10.1.14.1 0.0.0.0 ‘Area 0 a0. 101.2124 Area 4OSPF multiple Areas ~ Configuration Mf OA, (config router ospf (configrouters network area Ret(confightrouter ospf 1 Reconfig-rourerpanetwork 192.168.1.0 0.0.0.255 area 10 Revconfig-routerbenetwork 10.0.0.0 —0.255.255.255 area 10 — oe R-2{confighsrouter ospf 1 R-{configitrouter ospf 1 R-2{config-router)enetwork 192.168.20 0.0.0.255 area 0 R-s{config-routerjanetwork 192.168.3.0 0.0.0.255 area 20 R-2(config-router)ynetwork 11.0.00 0.255.255.255 area 20 R-3{config-router)ynetwork 11.0.0.0 0.255.255.255 area 20 Re2(configrouterienetwork 10.0.00 _0.255.255.255 area 10 Verification NEA. OSPF multiple Areas sarkes-s-t00 "0 Fuuh e fR2tshow ip route ospt Jo 192.168.1.0 [110/6477] via 10.0.0.1, 00200: Jo 192.168:3:0 [110/6477] via 1.0.0.2, 00:00: 3, Serialo/o/o 1, Serial0/0/1 lo IA 11-0,0.0 [11076840] via 10.0.0.2, 00:01:23, Serial0/0/0 192.468.2.0 (110/16¢) via i0:0:0%2, 00:01:23, Sertai0/0/0 1 )-2, 00200246, Serial0/0/0 0 [14076541] wha 10.0.OSPF multiple Areas ~ VerificationPF MULTIPLE AREA 192.168.1.3, 192.168.1.1 192,168.14 ‘t90.108.12 192,168.21 192.168.22 192.168.3.1 192.168.3.2 192.168.1.0/24 192.168.2.0/24 192.168.3.0/26 Pre-requirement for LAB (check previous labs) * Design the topology { connectivity } Assign the IP address according to diagram Make sure that interfaces used should be in UP UP state TASK: ‘© Dynamic routing using OSPF multiple area Verify Routing table and reachability between the LAN's (using PING and TRACE commands ) R-1#sh ip route Gateway of last resort is not set C 10.0.0.0/8 is directly connected, Serial0/0 C 192.168.1.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0 R-2itsh ip route Gateway of last resort is not set C 10.0.0.0/8 is directly connected, Serial0/0 C 11.0.0.0/8 is directly connected, Serial0/1 C 192.168.2.0/24 is directly connected, Fastéthernet0/0 R-3#sh ip route Gateway of last resort is not set C 11.0.0.0/8 is directly connected, Seriai0/0 CC 192.168.3.0/24 is directly connected, Fastéthemet0/0 Router- 1R-1(config) #router ospf 1 R-I(config-router) #network 192.168.1.0 0.0.0.255 area 10 R-1(config-outer) #network 10.0.0.0 0.255.255.255 area 10 Router -2 R-2{config) #router ospf 1 R-2(config-router] #network 192,168.20 0.0.0.255 area 0 R-2(config-outer) #network 11.0.0.0 0.255.255.255 area 20 R-2{config-router) #nefwork 10.0.0.0 0.255.255.255 area 10 Router -3 R-3(config) #router ospf 1 R-3{config-router) #network 192.168.3.0 0.0.0.255 area 20 R-3(config-router) #network 11.0.0.0 0.255.255.255 area 20 ———— ee R-2#show ip ospf neighbor Neighbor ID Pri State Dead Time Address __ Interface 192,168.3.100 0 FULL/- 00:00:39 1.0.0.2 SerialO/I 192.168.1100 0 FULL/- 00:00:39 0.0.0.1 ~—Serial0/0 R-1#tshow ip route Gateway of last resort is not set C_ 10.0.0.0/8 is directly connected, Seriaio/0 O1A 11.0.0.0/8 C_192.168.1.0/24 is directly connected, Fastéthernet0/0 R-1#show ip route ospf O1A 11.0.0.0 [110/128] via 10.0.0.2, 00:06:24, Serial0/0 O1A 192,168.2.0 [110/65] via 10.0.0.2, 00:06:24, Serial0/0 O1A 192, 168.3.0 [110/129] via 10.0.0.2, 00:05:53, Serial0/0 R-2#tshow ip route ospf © 192.168.1.0 [110/65] via 10.0.0.1, 00:08:31, Serial0/0 © 192,168.3.0 [110/65] via 1.0.0.2, 00:08:04, Serial0/1 R-3#show ip route ospf OIA 10.0.0.0 [110/128] via 1 1.0.0.1, 00:08:21, Serial0/0 OIA 192, 168.1.0 [110/129] via 1.0.0.1, 00:08:21, SerialO/0 OIA 192.168.2.0 [110/65] via 11.0.0.1, 00:08:21, Serial0/0 R-1#sh ip ospf databaseOSPF Router with ID (192.168. 1.100) (Process ID 1) Router Link States LinkID ADVRouter Age — Seq# —_ Checksum Link count 192.168.1100 192.168.1.100 902 0x80000003 0x003b8b 3 192,168.2.100 192.168.2.100 902 0x80000002 0x00e758 2 Summary Net Link States (ARBGNIO) LinkID___ADVRouter Age — Seq# Checksum 192.168.2.0 192.168.2.100 905 _ 0x80000001 Ox00S7cb 11.0.0.0 192.168.2100 905 0x80000002 0x00063e 192.168.3.0 192.168.2.100 870 0x80000003 Ox00cal5 R-2#show ip ospf database OSPF Router with ID (192.168. Router Link States — Link ID ADVRouter Age — Seq# 192.168.2.100 192.168.2.100 708 100) (Process ID 1) Checksum Link count (0x80000002 0x0070d6 1 Summary Net Link States (Area 0) Link ID ADVRouter. Age — Seq# —_ Checksum 11.0.0.0 192.168.2100 698 0x80000001 0x00083e 10.0.0.0. 192.168.2100 689 0x80000002 0x001337 192.168.1.0 192.168.2100 689 0x80000003 0x00e001 192.168.3.0 192.168.2100 663 0x80000004 0x00c816 Router Link States (AF@@I10) LinkID ADVRouter Age Seg# —_ Checksum Link count 192,168.2.100 192.168.2100 694 — 0x80000002 0x00e758 2 192,168.1.100 192.168.1.100 694 0x80000003 0x003b8b 3 Summary Net Link States (Area 10) LinkID ADVRouter Age Seq# Checksum 192,168.20 192.168.2100 697 0x80000001 0x0057¢b 11.0.0.0 192.168.2100 697 0x80000002 0x00063d 192,168.3.0 192.168.2100 662 0x80000003 Ox00calS Router Link SREFESTAREGZO) linkID ADVRouter Age — Seq# Checksum Link count 192.168.2.100 192.168.2100 668 0x80000002 0x000a33 2 192.168.3.100 192.168.3.100 668 0x80000003 0x00 10ad 3 Summary Net Link SRGFSSARSa20) linkID ADVRouter Age — Seq#_—_ Checksum 192.168.2.0 192.168.2100 703 _ 0x80000001 0x0057cb 10.0.0.0 192.168.2100 689 0x80000002 0x001331 192.168.1.0 192.168.2.100 689 —_0x80000003 0x00e001 PC>ipconfig IP Address. 192.168.1.1 Subnet Mask. 255.255.255.0Default Gateway. 2 192,168.1.100 PC>ping 192.168.2.1 Pinging 192.168.2.1 with 32 bytes of data: Request timed out. Reply from 192.168.2.1: bytes-32 time=19ms TIL=126 Reply from 192.168.2.1: bytes=32 time=20ms TIL=126 Reply from 192.168.2.1: bytes=32 time=14ms TTL=126 PC>ping 192.168.3.1 Pinging 192.168.3.} with 32 bytes of data: Request timed out. 1-32 time=27ms TIL=125 Reply from 192.168.3.1: bytes=32 time=22ms TL=125 Reply from 192. 168.3.1: bytes=32 time=25ms TTL=125 PC>tracert 192.168.3.1 Tracing route to 192.168.3.1 over a maximum of 30 hops: 1 5ms &ms 8ms 192.168.1.100 2 12ms 9ms 8ms 10.0.0.2 3 I7ms éms 12ms 1.0.0.2 4 24ms 27ms 25ms 192.168.3.1 Trace complete. R-l#ping 192.168.3.1 Type escape sequence to abort. Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 192. 168.3.1, timeout is 2 seconds: Success rate is FOOIBEPEEMT (5/5). round-trip min/avg/max = 9/16/31 ms R-3#tping 192.168.1.1 Type escape sequence to abort. Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 192.168.1.1, timeout is 2 seconds: Success rate is JOOIBErEEMt (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 10/15/18 msveanen a 216880724 r92.108.20/24 R-1 (config) #router ospf 1 R-1(config-router) # network 10.0.0.0 0.255.255.255 area 0 R-1(config-router) # network 192.168.1.0 0.0.0.255 area 10 R-1 (config-router) #exit R-2{config] #router ospf 2 R-2{config-router)# network 192.168.2.0 0.0.0.255 area 0 R-2{config-router)# network 10.0.0.0 0.255.255.255 area 0 R-2{config-router] # network 1.0.0.0 0.255.255.255 area 0 R-2{config-router) tend R-3(config) # router ospf 3 R-3(config-router) #network 192,168.3.0 0.0.0.255 area 20 R-3(config-router] #nefwork 1.0.0.0 0.255.255.255 area 0 R-3(config-router) #end R-3#tsh ip ospf neighbor Neighbor ID Pri State Dead Time Adaress Interface 192.168.2.100 0 FULL/- 00:00:39 11.0.1 Serial0/0 R-3#tsh ip protocols Routing Protocol is “ospf 3" Outgoing update filter list for ail interfaces is not set Incoming update fitter list for all inferfaces is not set Router ID 192.168.3.100 Number of areas in this router is 2. 2 normal 0 stub 0 nssa Maximum path: 4 Routing for Nefworks: 192.168.3.00.0.0.255 area 20 11.0.0.0 0.255.255.255 area 0 Routing Information Sources: 15.0724Gateway Distance _ Last Update 192.168.1100 110 00:03:23 192.168.2100 110 00:01:05 192.168.3100 110 00:01:05 Distance: (default is 110) R-3itsh ip route ospf © 10.0.0.0 [110/128] via 11.0.0. 1, 00:01:28, Seriai0/0 OIA 192. 168.1.0 [110/129] via 11.0.0.1, 00:01:28, SerialO/0 © 192.168.2.0 [110/65] via 1.0.0.1, 00:01:28, Serial0/0 R-2itsh ip ospf neighbor Neighbor ID Pri State Dead Time Address __ Interface 192.168.1100 0 FULL/- 00:00:36 10.0.0.) Seriall0/0 192.168.3.100 0 FULL/ - 00:00:36 1.0.0.2 —Serial/1 R-2itsh ip route ospf OA 192.168.1.0 [110/65] via 10.0.0. 1, 00:05:31, Serial0/0 OIA 192,168.3.0 [110/65] via 11.0.0.2, 00:03:12, Serial0/1 R-Iitsh ip route ospf © 1.0.0.0 110/128] via 10.0.0.2, 00:07:05, Seriai0/0 © 192.168.2.0 [110/65] via 10.0.0.2, 00:07:05, Serial0/0 OIA 192. 168.3.0 [110/129] via 10.0.0.2, 00:04:40, Serial0/0 R-1itsh ip ospf database OSPF Router with ID (192.168.1.100) (Process ID 1) Router Link States (Area 0) UnkID ADVRouter Age — Seq# Checksum Link count 192.168.1100 192.168.1.100 480 0x80000002 Oxo0fa4d 2 192.168.2.100 192.168.2.100 341 — Qx80000005 0x009c9e 5 192.168.3100 192.168.3.100 341 Qx80000002 Ox00fc3e 2 Summary Net Link States (Area 0) LinkID— ADVRouter Age — Seq# Checksum 192,168.10 192.168.1.100 602 0x80000001 0x0069bb 192.168.3.0 192.168.3100 346 0x80000001 Ox0045db Router Link States (Area 10) LinkID— ADVRouter Age Seq# Checksum Link count 192,168.1.100 192.168.1.100 607 0x80000002 0x0079a0 1 Summary Net Link States (Area 10) LinkID ADVRouter Age = Seq# ~— Checksum 10.0.0.0 192.168.1100 624 — 0x80000001 Ox001¢2a 192,168.20 192.168.1.100 475 _ 0x80000002 Oxd0de04 11,0.0.0 192.168.1100 475 0x80000003 Ox008a75 192.168.3.0 192.168.1.100 331 0x80000004 Ox00524dR-1#ping 192.168.3.1 Type escape sequence fo abort. Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos fo 192.168.3. 1, timeout is 2 seconds: Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), roundtrip min/avg/max = 2/3/5 ms R-I#ttraceroute 192.168.3.1 Type escape sequence fo abort. Tracing the route to 192.168.3.1 1 10.0.0.2 Imsec Imsec Omsec 2 11.0.0.2 Imsec Omsec I msec 3 192,168.31 Imsec 5msec Omsec TASK: * Connect Wan link between R1-R3 + Assing IP address given int diagram and advertise in ospf area 0 R-1#tsh ip int brief Interface IP-Address OK? Method Status Protocol FastEthernet0/O —_192.168.1.100 YES manual up up Seriai0/0 10.0.0.) YES manual up up SeriaiO/1 12.0.0.1__ YES manual up up R-I#tping 12.0.0.2 Type escape sequence fo abort. Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos fo 12.0.0.2, timeout is 2 seconds: il Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip minfavg/max = 1/6/28 ms R-1 (config) #router ospf 1 R-I [config-router) #network 12.0.0.0 0.255.255.255 area 0 R-I [config-router] #end R-3 (config) #router ospf 3 R-3(config-router) #network 12.0.0.0 0.255.255.255 area 0 R-3(config-router] #end R-3itsh ip ospf neighbor Neighbor ID Pri State Dead Time Address __ Interface 192.168.2.100 0 FULL/- 00:00:39 1.0.0.1 Serial0/0 192.168.1100 0 FULL/- 00:00:33 12.0.0.1 Serial R-1#tsh ip route ospf © 1.0.0.0 [110/128] via 10.0.0.2, 00:00:57, Seriai0/0 [110/128] via 12.0.0.2, 00:00:57, Serial0/1 O 192.168.2.0 [110/65] via 10.0.0.2, 00:18:24, Serial0/0 OIA 192, 168.3.0 [110/65] via 12.0.0.2, 00:00:57, Serial0/1 R-I#traceroute 192.168.3.1 Type escape sequence fo abort. Tracing the route to 192.168.3.11 12.0.0.2 22msec 2msec 2msec 2 192,168.31 Imsec Imsec Omsec R-I (config) #interface serial 0/0 R-I (configif] #shutdown R-I (config-if) #exit R-1(config)#do sh ip ospf neighbor Neighbor ID. Pri State Dead Time Address __ Interface 192.168.3.100 0 FULL/- 00:00:33 12.0.0.2_—_Serial0/T R-1(config)#do sh ip route ospf © 11.0.0.0 [110/128] via 12.0.0.2, 00:00:21, Serialo/1 O 192.168.2.0 [110/129] via 12.0.0.2, 00:00:21, Serial0/1 OIA 192.168.3.0 [110/65] via 12.0.0.2, 00:02:48, Serial0/1 R-I#traceroute 192.168.3.1 Type escape sequence fo abort. Tracing the route to 192.168.3.1 1 1200.2 2msec Omsec 4msec 2 192.168.3.1 Imsec Omsec 10 msec R-I##fraceroute 192.168.2.1 Type escape sequence fo abort. Tracing the route to 192.168.2.1 1 12.0.0.2 40msec 14msec 2msec 2 1 2msec Imsec 2msec 3 192,168.21 3msec 3msec | msec R-I (config) #interface s0/0 R-I (config-if) #no shutdown R-I[configcif) tend R-1itsh ip ospf neighbor Neighbor ID Pri State Dead Time Adaress __ Interface 192.168.2.100 0 FULL/- 00:00:38 10.0.0.2 —_Seriall/0 192,168.3.100 0 FULL/- 00:00:32 12.0.0.2—_Seriall0/I R-1itsh ip route ospf © 1.0.0.0 [110/128] via 12.0.0.2, 00:00:26, SerialO/1 [110/128] via’ 10.0.0.2, 00:00:26, Serial0/0 © 192,168.2.0 [110/65] via 10.0.0.2, 00:00:26, Serial0/0 OIA 192. 168.3.0 [110/65] via 12.0.0.2, 00:04:21, Serial0/1 R-I#Hfraceroute 192.168.3.1 Type escape sequence fo abort. Tracing the route to 192.168.3.11 120.02 2msec Imsec 31 msec 2 192.168.3.1 12msec Imsec | msec R-1#traceroute 192.168.2.1 Type escape sequence fo abort. Tracing the route to 192.168.2.1 1 10.0.0.2 39msec Omsec Omsec 2 192,168.21 Omsec Imsec OmsecOSPFv2 INTERFACE SUB-COMMANDS OSPFv2 Interface Subcommands XOA,, + The configuration used the OSPF network command can be confusing Difficult to figure out which interfaces enabled with OSPF + Cisco added another option for OSPFv2 configuration called CSPRIRIEHSESTEORNgUBon + We use Ip ospf interface subcommand instead of using the network command in router configuration mode + You directly enable OSPFv2 on interfaces by configuring an interface subcommand on each interface. ToUeY Gapt network 10.1.1.1 0.0.0.0 a#8ai10 2.2.1 0.0.0.0 8800 1.12.1 0.0.0.0 6a etwork 10.2.13.1 0.0.0.0 a#8a23 RI(config)# outer ospt 1 Ri (conf ig-router) # #6) RENEE! IO: network 10. 0.0 0.255.255.255 area 0 network 10 Hi (config-vouter)# interface g0/0.1 network 10.2.26.3 0.0.0.0 aia Ri(config-subie)# 4p cape 2 are it) Antertace g0/0.2 1 (contig: mi(config-asbif)# 4p opf 1 aren 0 Ri (config-subif)# interface g0/0/0 i (config-if)# Spleape/tiarea0 Ri(contig-it}# interface 90/1/0 ni (config-if)# 4p ospf 1 area 0 [Ri (eonfig-S8)# interface g0/2/0 Ri(contig-it)# ip ospf 1 area 0OSPF v2 Interface Subcommands 1 = beginning Lines onictea tor brevity Routing for Networks: 10.2.0.0 0.0.255.255 area 0 Wa show Ap oopt intertace 0/0/0 Gigabitethernet0/0/0 is up, Line protocol is up internet Addr |= ending Line omitted for brevity ‘Area 23 ns out aime oat areas IV show Up protocols ‘Routing on Intertaces Contiqurea Explicitly (zea 0): ‘Gigabittehernet0/2/0 ‘cigabitzehernet0/2/0 ‘Gigabiemenernet0/0/0 ‘igabitsthernet0/0.2 igapiemtnerero/o, 10.1.12.1/24, Area 0, REESCHSGIVaINGEWSHEISESCGRERE PLY show 4p onpt Antertace 90/0/0 Gigabitatherneto/0/0 As vp, @ Internet Address 10.1.12.1/24, Area 0, NEES GESPASES BTS ne protocol | Lines onitted for brevityOSPF NETWORK TYPES OSPF Network Types Router @ -—S —SOSPF Broadcast Network — Challenges OA, > OSPF by default uses Broadcast network type on all types of Ethernet interfaces » In broadcast multi-access networks, we are faced by two challenges in an OSPF environment, Multiple adjacencies (Routers form neighbors all routers (same Broadcast Domain) "Flooding of LSAs Possibility of the creating AUKpIEUSUNLGO ) OSPF Broadcast Network — DR/BDR KOA, » In OSPF, these challenges are solved by electing the DR (designated Router and the BDR (Backup Designated Router). Specifically dving the last phase of 2-Way neighbor state S7TiSEBENGIERSTSFENE: + All neighbor routers form full adjacencies with the DR and BDR only. + The DROther routers will never update other routers in the network.What if DR goes down? NPA, » Ifthe DR fails, the BDR becomes the DR, and a new BDR is elected. DR/ BDR - Elections NPA. >The router having RBERHORI vil become DR » The router wih SeoheEighstpHOiGISEDR >In the case of a tie, Router with Higi@SEROUla® ID is DR Second highest router ID becomes the BDRDR/ BDR - Elections NA, Coe) Eee [ee Cony roe » In the case of a tie, Router with highest router ID is DR Second highest router ID becomes the BDR DR/ BDR- Elections NA, Coe) Ee When a better router enters the subnet, no preemption of the existing DR or BDR occurs. If the router fails, other routers will become DR and BDR, and the best router will not be DR again until the current DR and BDR fallOSPF Broadcast Network ~ Verfication NEA, » OSPF by default uses Broadcast network type on all types of Ethernet interfaces » Gigabit Ethernet interfaces on all four routers default to use network type broadcast Ritsh ip ospf neighbor Neighbor DP Stte Dead Time Address Interface yo002 1 2WAY/DROTHER onc0:31 10002 FastEthemeto/o yooos 1 FULL/BDR opens 10003 — FastEthemetoo yooos 1 FULL/DR —@n.0033 10004 FastEtherera/o Ressh ip ospf int fo/0 FastEthereto sup, fine protocol Is up Intemet Address 180048, Area 0 Process ID 1, Router ID 10.004, Network Type BROADCAST, Cost 1 Transmit Delay is 1 sc, State DR, Priovity Dealgnated Router (1D) 30.0.0 Inerce address 12.008 Backup Designated router (ID) 10003, Interface address 10003 Ra(confighrouter ospf 1 Indecent ionasensas al OSPF Broadcast Network Type MOA,, » OSPF by default uses Broadcast network type on all types of Ethernet interfaces > Gigabit Ethernet interfaces on all four routers default to use network type broadcast Rxiconfgherouter ospf 1 10.00.90.00.255 area Rrssh Ip ospf neighbor Lee el Nelghbor ID Pri State Dead Time Address Incerfice fo0e2, 1 aWAY/DROTHER co0031 10002 Fattherctoo e003 1 FULLODR —ceose 19003 FasiEihemeio yonos + FULUDR —opge38 19004 Fastthemeto Raésh ip ospf int foro FastEthermeto/0 sup, line protocol Is up Incernet Address 190.0478, Area o Process ID 1, Router ID 10.004, Network Type BROADCAST, Cost: 1 Transmit Delay is 1 sec, State DR, Priotty 1 Designated Router (ID) 100.04, Interface address 10.004 Backup Designated router (ID) 10.003, Interface address 10.003LAB: OSPF DR /BDR ELECTION OVER ETHERNET: TASK * Advertise The Interfaces using single area 0 defined As Per The Diagram RI ping 10.0.0.2 Type escape sequence to abort. Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 10.0.0.2, timeout is 2 seconds: Success rate is 80 percent (4/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 56/76/112 ms Ri#ping 10.0.0.3 Type escape sequence fo abort. Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 10.0.0.3, timeout is 2 seconds: ! Success rate is 80 percent (4/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 56/88/136 ms Ri#ping 10.0.0.4 Type escape sequence to abort. EB Sencing 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 10.0.0.4, timeout is 2 seconds Success rate is 80 percent (4/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 64/87/100 ms On all routers Rx(config) #Router ospf 1 Rx(config-router] #Nef 10.0.0.0 0.255.255.255 area 0 Rx(config-router) #end R1#sh ip ospf neighbor Neighbor ID Pri State Dead Time Address Interface 10.0.0.2 1 2WAY/DROTHER 00:00:31 10.0.0.2_—_Fast€thernet0/0! 10.0.0.3 00:00:33 10.0.0.4 —Fastéthernet0/0 Réttsh ip ospf neighbor Neighbor ID Pri State Dead Time Adaress Interface 10.0.0.1 1 FULL/DROTHER 00:00:30 10.0.0.1 _FastEthemet0/0 10.0.0.2 1. FULL/DROTHER 00:00:35 10.0.0.2 __FastEthemet0/0 10.0.0.3 1 FULL/BDR 00:00:31 10.0.0.3 —FastEthemet0/0 R2#tsh ip ospf neighbor Neighbor ID Pri State Dead Time Address Interface 10.0.0.1 1 2WAY/DROTHER 00:00:34 0.0.0.1 Fastéthernet0/0 . 1 FULL/BDR 00:00:35 10.0.0.3 —_FastEthernet0/0 10.0.0.4 1 FULLIDR 00:00:39 10.0.0.4 —_Fastéthernet0/0 R4‘#tsh ip ospf int f0/0 FastEthernet0/0 is up. line protocol is up Internet Adatess 10.0.0.4/8, Area 0 Process ID 1 Cost: 1 I Transmit Delay is | sec, Designated Router (ID) 10.0.0.4, Interface adatess 10.0.0.4 Backup Designated router (ID) 10.0.0.3, Interface address 10.0.0.3 R2#sh ip ospf int f0/0 FastEthernet0/0 is up, line protocol is up Internet Address 10.0.0.2/8, Area 0 Process ID 1, Router ID 10.0.0.2. Designated Router (ID) 10.0.0.4, Interface address 10.0.0.4 Backup Designated router (ID) 10.0.0.3, Interface address 10.0.0.3 Timer intervals configured, Hello 10, Dead 40, Wait 40, Retransmit 5 R3#tsh ip ospf int10/0 FastEthemet0/0 is up, line protocol is up Internet Adatess 10.0.0.3/8, Area 0 Process ID 1, Designated Router (ID) 10.0.0.4, Interface address 10.0.0.4 Backup Designated router (ID) 10.0.0.3, Interface address 10.0.0.3 Timer intervals configured, Hello 10, Dead 40, Wait 40, Retransmit 5 TASK + Configure the appropriate routers to mgke RI as DR and R2 should be BDR. © R4 should never become DR and BDR RI (config) #int 0/0 RI(config-if]#ip ospf priority ? <0-255> Priority RI (config-if}#ip ospf priority 255 R2(config] #int £0/0R2(config-i tip ospf priority 254 R2(config-if] #end R4(config] #int 10/0 RA(config-if tip ospf priority 0 On alll routers Rx#clear ip ospf process Reset ALL OSPF processes? [HOVE R4ftsh ip ospf neighbor Neighbor ID__Pri_State Dead Time Adaress __ Interface 10.0.0.3 1 2WAY/OROTHER 00:00:32 10.0.0.3 —FastEthemet0/0 RI#tsh ip ospf int f0/0 FastEthernet0/0 is up, line protocol is up Internet Adatess 10.0. rea 0 Process ID 1, Router ID 10.0.0. 1 Designated Router (ID) 10.0.0. 1, Interface address 10.0.0.1 Backup Designated router (ID) 10.0.0.2, Interface address 10.0.0.2 Timer intervals configured, Hello 10, Dead 40, Wait 40, Retransmit 5OSPF - Advertising Default Routes Advertising Default Routes - OSPF Sikandar Shaik CDIEx3 (RS/SP)/SEC # 35012 Senior Technical Instructor Facebook.com/sikandar3a0l2/ Youtube.com/sikandarshaik Iwitter.com/sikandarecie Linkedin.com/in/sikandarshaik/ Www Noasolutions.comStatic Default Routing XA, » By Default, Router discard packet if not matches routes in the Routing table. > Routes uses default route if no specific route matches the Routing table, Used to route trafic for unknown destinations (internet) [configh# Epi Feuta|ov0v0s0/0v0/0N0e0/o/a 228 show ip route erat > Routers can be configured to use a statically configured or dynamically learned default route. Advertising Default routes- OSPF/EIGRP Se ik OD. 0) to Connect Internet for Brach Offices » ISP connecting to every branch » Default route on every router towards Head offic. » Advertise default route in OSPE/EIGRP