Power Electronics
LECTURE -7 –DC-DC CONVERTER (BOOST CHOPPER)
DR. AHMED HANAE KASSEM
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Outlines
1.Introduction to Boost chopper, Construction, and theory of operation
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Introduction to Boost converter
In this type the output voltage is greater than the
input voltage hence the name is boost chopper.
A boost chopper is usually using a power
MOSFET
The circuit operation can be divided into two
modes.
Mode (1) begin when S is switched on at t = 0.
Mode (2) begin when S is switched off at t = ton.
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Introduction to Boost converter
1.Continuous conduction mode (CCM)
Without
capacitor
Mode (2) begins when (S) is switched off
at t = ton. the current in this case flows
Mode (1) begins when (S) is switched on at through L, C , load and diode D the
t = 0. the input current, which rises, flows inductor current fails until the switch
through the inductor L and the switch. turned on again in the next cycle. 4
Introduction to Boost converter We want to find the value of the
Vo output voltage in terms of Vs
1.Continuous conduction mode (CCM) input voltage and the duty cycle
k = ( ton / T)
While Switch is ON the constant supply While Switch is OFF the voltage across
voltage is applied across the inductor L SO: the inductor L is given by :
is = i L Voltage across the load
Voltage across the inductor −
Voltage across the inductor 5
Introduction to Boost converter
1.Continuous conduction mode (CCM)
Switch (S) is on the inductor voltage is VL1=VS
(S) is off the inductor voltage VL2 = (VS-Vo)
If the average inductor voltage is zero, the area under the curve over the period T is
zero so that:
𝑉𝐿1 𝑡𝑜𝑛 = 𝑉𝐿2 𝑡𝑂𝑓𝑓 = 0
Divide each side by T and substitute by the values of VL1 and VL2 we obtain
𝑡𝑜𝑛 𝑇 − 𝑡𝑜𝑛 𝑡𝑜𝑛
𝑉𝑆 + 𝑉𝑆 − 𝑉𝑂 = 0 𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒 =𝐾
𝑇 𝑇 𝑇
𝑉𝑆 𝐾 = − 𝑉𝑆 − 𝑉𝑂 1 − 𝐾
𝑉𝑆 𝐾 = −𝑉𝑆 + 𝑉𝑆 𝐾 + 𝑉𝑂 − 𝑉𝑂 𝐾
0 = −𝑉𝑆 + 𝑉𝑂 − 𝑉𝑂 𝐾
𝑉𝑂 1 𝑉𝑂 − 𝑉𝑆
∴ 𝑉𝑂 1 − 𝐾 = 𝑉𝑆 ∴ = ,𝑘 =
𝑉𝑆 1 − 𝐾 𝑉𝑜 6
Introduction to Boost converter
1.Continuous conduction mode (CCM)
0 K 1
VO VS
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Introduction to Boost converter
1.Continuous conduction mode (CCM)
Current ripple
During the switch on period
Inductor voltage = source voltage
VL = VS
Over the on-period ton : the current ramps up 1
𝑉𝑆 𝑑𝑖 𝐼1 − 𝐼0 𝑉𝑆 𝑡𝑜𝑛 𝑡𝑜𝑛 = 𝐾𝑇, 𝑇 =
= = (𝐼1 − 𝐼0 ) = 𝑓
𝐿 𝑑𝑡 𝑡𝑜𝑛 𝐿 𝑉𝑠
∆𝐼𝐿 = 𝑡𝑜𝑛 8
𝐿
Introduction to Boost converter
1.Continuous conduction mode (CCM)
During the switch off period Inductor voltage
𝑑𝑖
𝑉𝑠 − 𝑉𝑎 = −𝐿
𝑑𝑡
Over the off-period toff : the current ramps down
𝑉𝑆 − 𝑉𝑂 −𝑑𝑖 𝐼1 − 𝐼0
= = , Δ𝐼 = (𝐼1 − 𝐼0 )
𝐿 𝑑𝑡 𝑡𝑜𝑓𝑓
𝑉𝑂 − 𝑉𝑆
(𝐼1 − 𝐼0 ) = ∗ 𝑡𝑜𝑓𝑓
𝐿 I1
𝑉𝑜 − 𝑉𝑠
∆𝐼𝐿 = 𝑡𝑜𝑓𝑓 I0
𝐿
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Introduction to Boost converter
1.Continuous conduction mode (CCM)
During the switch on period
𝑉𝑠 𝑘 𝑉𝑠
∆𝐼𝐿 = 𝑡𝑜𝑛 , 𝑡𝑜𝑛 = 𝑘𝑇, 𝑡𝑜𝑛 = , ∴ ∆𝐼𝐿 = 𝑡𝑜𝑛
𝐿 𝑓 𝐿
During the switch off period
𝑉𝑜 − 𝑉𝑠
∆𝐼𝐿 = 𝑡𝑜𝑓𝑓 , 𝑡𝑜𝑓𝑓 = (1 − 𝑘)𝑇
𝐿
𝑉𝑆 𝑉𝑆 𝑉𝑠 𝑉𝑠
𝑉𝑂 = , 1−𝐾 = ∴ 𝑡𝑜𝑓𝑓 = 𝑇=
1−𝐾 𝑉𝑂 𝑉𝑜 𝑓 𝑉𝑜
Substituting
𝑉𝑠 (𝑉𝑜 −𝑉𝑠 )
∆𝐼𝐿 =
𝐿 𝑓 𝑉𝑜
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Introduction to Boost converter
1.Continuous conduction mode (CCM)
Peak-to-peak capacitor ripple voltage (ΔV)
• When the transistor is on, the capacitor supplies
the load current for t = ton.
• The average capacitor current during time ton is
Ic = Ia and
• The peak-to-peak ripple voltage of the capacitor
is determined as;
𝑡𝑜𝑛 𝑡𝑜𝑛
1 1 𝐼𝑎 𝑡𝑜𝑛
∆V = න 𝐼𝑐 𝑑𝑡 = න 𝐼𝑎 𝑑𝑡 =
𝐶 𝐶 𝐶
0 0
𝐾 𝑉𝑂 − 𝑉𝑆
t on = , 𝑘 =
f 𝑉𝑜
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Introduction to Boost converter
Switch stress
Peak voltage stress on the switch
𝑉𝑠𝑤 𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 𝑉𝑜
Peak current stress through the switch:
1 𝑉𝑠
𝐼𝑠𝑤 𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 𝐼𝑜 + ∆𝐼𝐿 𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 𝐼𝑜 +
2 2𝑓𝐿
𝑘=1
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Introduction to Boost converter
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Introduction to Boost converter
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Introduction to Boost converter
Example: An ideal Boost converter modulates power from a 100 V source. to a
resistive load of 3 Ω. If the average current rating of the diode is 100 A and the
frequency of modulation is 1 kHz, determine:
(a) the maximum average power absorbed by the load
(b) the associated duty cycle k of the transistor switch
(c) The average current rating of the transistor switch
Solution
(a) To find the maximum average power absorbed by the load .
The average current in the capacitor is zero for steady state switching.
Therefore, the average current IO in the load is the same as the average current in the
diode so: I = I = 100 A
O D
P = VO I O = I R = (100) 3 = 30 10 W
2
O
2 3
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Introduction to Boost converter
Example: An ideal Boost converter modulates power from a 100 V source. to a
resistive load of 3 Ω. If the average current rating of the diode is 100 A and the
frequency of modulation is 1 kHz, determine:
(a) the maximum average power absorbed by the load
(b) the associated duty cycle k of the transistor switch
(c) The average current rating of the transistor switch
Solution
(b) To find the associated duty cycle k of the thyristor switch
P 30 103
The average voltage across the load is given by VO = = = 300 V
IO 100
VS VS 100
VO = k = 1- so K = 1 - = 0.667
1− K VO 300
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Introduction to Boost converter
Example: An ideal Boost converter modulates power from a 100 V source. to a
resistive load of 3 Ω. If the average current rating of the diode is 100 A and the
frequency of modulation is 1 kHz, determine:
(a) the maximum average power absorbed by the load
(b) the associated duty cycle k of the transistor switch
(c) The average current rating of the transistor switch
Solution
(c) To find the average current rating of the thyristor switch
I T = IS − I D Where; Is : The average source current
ID : The average current rating of the diode
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Introduction to Boost converter
Example: An ideal Boost converter modulates power from a 100 V source. to a
resistive load of 3 Ω. If the average current rating of the diode is 100 A and the
frequency of modulation is 1 kHz, determine:
(a) the maximum average power absorbed by the load
(b) the associated duty cycle k of the transistor switch
(c) The average current rating of the transistor switch
Solution
(c) To find the average current rating of the thyristor switch
PI/P = PO/P so The power input = 30 103 W
PI/P 30 103
IS =
VS
=
100
= 300 A I O = I D = 100 A
I T = IS − I D I T = 300 - 100 = 200 A 18
Thank you
Dr. Ahmed Hanae Kassem
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