or Basic Education co ZAM BIABasic Education Atlas of ZAMBIA Editorial Advisor LM. Bwalya, Provincial Education Officer, Northen Province A.B.K, Nzala, Curriculum Development Specialist (Social Studies), Curriculum Development Centre, Ministry of Education PH. Menda, Examination Officer, Ministry of Education, Lusaka Contents Page ped 2 eS ate Zambia Our Nation 7 Malawi > Fieeren, Ps ond Seabed Le Physical, Policital and Economic Botswana Fistere sie Pan i Physical, Political and Economic Namibia Picture and Map Physical, Political and Economi School and its Surroundings ‘ee SSO Village and its Surroundit 5 Angola Sas aeiaaisalcea eT OT a : Physical, Political and Economic and Map Symbols ane nen Sy = Conse [Demoeratic Republi) Living in our Community “ Z Physical, Political and Economic Zambia 2 fia", eee Physical 8 Physical Climate ano Political Natural Vegetation and Soils n Climate z History 2 Natural Vegetation Administrative and Communications B History Central and Western Regions 145 Crops, Livestock and Fishing 2a Northern and Eastern Regions, 8 Minerals, Industry and Eneray a Agriculture and Fishing 7 Communications 2 Minerals and Energy B Population a Industry and Trade t 13 Regional Ecbnomic Groupings 4a Population and Languages 20 Photographs 45 Tourism 21 Word Lusaka 2 Political Photographs 2 Physical Southern Africa Chinate, Physical and Political 2 Economic Activity Agriculture, Minerals, Communications and Trade 25 icironfrienital Probie oa x Communications a ee International Organisations Population 2 1s and their Capitals Tanzania Physical, Political arid Economic a : 58 Mozambique ____ Physical, Political and Economic 29 sees ings enLWW. ecZmarerials -Com =<. National Flag a: ‘The national flag was adopted in 1964 whon Zambia achieved independence. The colours are based on the flag of the United National independence Party which ed the struggle for freedom. The green background epresents natural resources, red stands for blood shed in the struggle to achieve freedom, black for the indigenous people of Zambia and orange for the mineral weslth of the country. The eagle symbolises ‘the freedom and ability to rise above the country’s problems. ee aS sll ur Nation == . Coat of Arms ‘The state coat of arms is adapted from the arms of the Colony of Northern Rhodesia which dates to 1927. The eagie of liberty represents the conquest of freedom and the nation’s hops for the future. The shield is a representation of Victoria Falls with white water cascading over black rack. The black also symbolises the African population and its link to the Zambezi river which is where the name Zambia comes from. The coat of arms also has emblems of Zambia's natural resources; minerals and mining, agriculture and wildlife. The shield is supported by two figures which Fepresent the common man and woman of the natio The Country's motto is “One Zambia, One Nation” The National Anthem Stand and sing of Zambia, proud and free, Land of work and joy in unity, Victors in the struggle for the right, We have won freedom's fight, Alone, strong and free Arica is our own motherland, Fashion'd with and blessed by God's good hand, Let us all her people join as one, Brothers under the sun. Alone, strong end free One fand and one nation is our ery, Dignity and peace ‘neath Zambia's sky, Like our noble eagle in its flight, : Zambia, praise to thee. All one, strong and free. Chorus Praise be to God, Praise bo, Praise be, Praise be, Bloss our great Nation, Zambia, Zambia, Zambia, Free men we stand Undor the flag of our land, Zambia, praise to Thee! All one, strong and free. carci wena eNENLD 1 Si iPictures, Plans and Scale Picture Pictures and Plans Look at the left-hand picture. It shows some classroom objects. You can only see the top and sides of the objects. 1 How many different things ean you see? 2 Whet are they? Now lock at the plan opposite, When you stand on your cheir and look down this is what you will se from above, You can only sae the top of the objects. Collect six objects and put them on the floor. Look down at them and draw their plans. Show your plans to a friend and let him ‘guess what they are, On the left is a picture of two children sitting at their desk. Their names are Mutinta and Mulenga. They are measuring pieces of paper with their rulers. Can you see the same objects that were drawn in the picture above? Below is a plan of the same desk. itis drawn as if you were looking down from above. Now you can see only the top of the desk, book and rulers. 1 Why are Mutinta’s and Mulenga’s shoes not included on the plan? 2 Look at the shape of their desk, Draw the shape of your own desk and chair. Scale ‘This plan fs much smaller than a real desk ‘and chait. This is because itis drawn to scale. itis the same shape but much smaller insizo. To draws plan of your own desk you need a scale bar. Your teacher will holp you make. ‘ong and show you how to uso t. You will use a scale on which 1 centimetre on your plan represents 10 centimetres on your desk, Using the scale bar and ruler measure the lan opposite and work out the real width of the desk. {eenimetr on this an represents Weant™mewas onthe dae Scoleber ee ee eeClassroom Picture and Plar Jcunboore Floor Hreacher's Desk and Chair children’s Desks Chileren's Chairs + Blackboard == walimap = window mma WI! = — Door This is 2 picture of a classroom. see that all the chilcren are sitting three rows of desks facing the blackboard. Mutinta and Mulence ore sitting on the left at the back of the classroom. Look at the different ob in the picture. Now look for these plan below. 1. Where is the blackboard? 2 How many desks are in the plan? 3 Can youname something that is in the picture but not in the plan? Look at the plan of the classroom belo ‘This is what you would see if you we: looking down from above. You can =. all of the classroom now. ‘Name something in the plan that you cannot see in the pictura. Look at the desks. They are arranged in three rows. This is the same as i picture. How are the desks set out in your classroom? Books, pencils and rulers are not shows in the plan. This is because tho scale iso: small to show every single object. This pian has a key. The key helps us to Understand the plan. It tells us zhe mea of the different lines, colours, shapes = symbols used on the plan. Look at the key. 1. What cofour is used to show the desk? 2 What shape is used to show 2 window? 3 Work out how many cupboards there in the plan. The key will show you what 70 took for. Look at the scale bar below. On this contimatre now roprosants 80 cantim: on the ground. Trace the scele ber usi paper. Now use this scale bar to work ‘the real distance on the plan. 1 What is the real width of the teacher's desk? 2 What is the real distance from ‘blackboard to the back of the class? 3 Look at the picture again. Is it possi work out real distances using the 4 Nove draw-a plan of your avn! using the same seafe as this plar room? | cecrimatra.on ti plan Seantiretrerin tha elacsr Scale bat ° to 0 ze PoPicture and Map School and its Surroundings x oh Look at the picture above showing tha ‘school and part of the community. The map ‘on the left shows the same area as the picture. You can sae all the rooms in the school now. 1 How many classrooms can you sea? 2 Name two other buildings in the plan tho: are not schoo! buildings. Look at the blackboard in the picture on | Page 3. The children are learning about | direction, Nov look at the compass below Itis used to find direction. The needle on ‘the compass always points North. Turn the ‘compass so that the needle and the line North are together. You ean find all the itections. These are: North (N}, South {S). East (E} and West (W). All the meps'> this atlas have been drawn with North a =>=2 {op of the map. 1_Use the compass to work out which direction the vagetable plot is from Matinta and Mulenga’s classroom 2 What direction is the football pitch trom the Headmaster's office? 1 cersnsta.on this map repress Binatieson the ground ond Path Fence © Standsipe Flagpole7 Village and its Surroundings Picture and Map Village Key (Over 200 metros 100-200 metres 0-100 motres eitions oad — Railway ~ giation DS s J eel “ 2 pee Bridge River Spot height Station Schoo! Ferm buildings ‘The picture above shows a much larger area than the picture on paged. Youcan see the whole of the village and its surroundings. 1 Can you sti see the school? 2. What colour is the roof of the village school? 3. How many buildings are there in the village? Onthe leftis a map of the same aroa as the picture. Compare this map to the one on paged. Youwillsee that less detail is shown at this scale. Only the most important buildings can be included, Look at the scale bar below. What is the scale used on this map? Now look at the key. 11 What colours used to show the built- up area? 2 Drave the symbol for a station and a school. 3 Whatcolourand type of line is used to show the roads? 1 eentimetre on this mep represents 300 metres an the grou Seale bar 300 7990) DO mate- Relief Representation and Map Symbols Relief Symbols ‘On the right is @ diagram of the same landscape. The relief, othe shape, of the area is shown by a series of coloured layers. Each layer indicates a section of the land at a particular height. Key Metres JJover 4000 2000-4000 1000-2000 Leis 200500 0-200 1 Mountain Peak River Lake ‘This is amap of the imaginary landscape. It shows the landscape as seen from above. The riversand lake are shown by ‘On the leftis a diagram of animaginary landscape. It shows an area of mount peaks, hills and valleys. Rivers flow from the high ground through the vallaysinto a lake in the lowlands. blue lines. Thelandis shown by a series of colours according to its height. The positions of the mountain poaks are shown by black triangles. To drawthe heightof the land accurately ‘contour lineis used. Acontour line joins together places of the same height. For example, the line between the graen and yellow sections on this map is the 200, metres contourline. The land below this, ling is less than 200 metres high. The land above the line is more than 200 metres high. Now look at the key to the map. It tells youwhat height each colour represents, Other symbols used in this atlas ‘Symbols aro used on mapsto represent features on the ground. However thoy cannot always be drawn to scale and often have to be greatly exaggerated in size. Symbols can be grouped into three types. 1 Point eg. Mountain Peak, Marsh, Town, Airport, Waterfall 2 Line eg. International Boundary, Road, Oil Pipeline, Coastline. 3 Area eg. Relief colours, Population Density, Land Use categories. Asample of some of the symbols used in the atlas are shown here. 6 —— international Boundary Major Road Other Road Ralimay B _ international Airport 3 Capital ny © Important Towa = Other Town © Coffee Y Groundmus Th Maize Y Rusber Se Sorghum Y Sugar Cane > Tea Thermal Powor Hydro Electric Power Copper Diamonds Ho {eos puesrou sorddoua § seucueg 2 hey ‘sdoug payse|ag jo uoRONpolg Aoy Ss “ o amavawiz 2 Zoey = (aay “waa) opNoo (aay Waa) <— “oanoo- er A Surysty pu yooysenry.‘sdoag aauaysisqn: $ Burysig pu yoorsanry ‘sdoug yse ‘eare sNOA UI posyserd —Gujuses aouers!sqns pue jejozeuiW09 Pm zones © 03U) UIeI6 Jey ——Busysiy $0 spoyreuLom) ISeBENg 2 ~ veemIag seouaVayip ayi ie 1y) | —Zambia Minerals and Energy (aay wad) ‘o9NOD wequeddog ou, coe'en ” ooobas ” oooear (Atuo ‘yeddoo 104 ‘sayn0s Yodxe omy aWeN Z eIQWEZ UI 1amod JO sa0inos Ulu ay} 10 1eYM 1 quatudojeaap pur ut 04 pare) wusin ou snyoins seusoud rN cow ssouesuew pest 219 wo p08 soxdog yee 109) sresouln hoy eer onda eo ed xend 18sey pte Avouor ff | ses ey E01 sume Aq pa 22 saim204nLEA, ‘eouapuadapu! ‘20uls panaiyae uaaq sey juauidojanap Jeuisnpu! s,equiez yo yonpy, Andino Bumoejnueus jo Industry and Trade Zambia Buninjoeynuew jo ying ey, yeyseu acre ay? so} wmeub sasoy ‘ave. 0 wo | aiaio | | “spooB poumseynuew pue Aouryoeu 50 ree enieA Ia see suodwi pue sionposd Jeanynoube pue siesourw possovosdun Ajujew suodxo elquiez £661 ‘Aupounuos Aq spodwy pue spodx3 season Sere sede setaunoa ua do, £661 ‘stodx3 yo uopeunseg um oby be abe Buyssso0g pur uyuyouy Sursse0014 poor, F awiessy 924A Fe] : sronpo.s 1oqany, Cr) peovsur Bl pue anvigwvzow MSL suse» Bl VINVZNVL Auysnp'Zambia Population and Languages ajewey aby (pe329[04d) O66L pruesAg xeg pue aby wnois ob Ge ad aula rons a cousn mromayy chop 7 “pein Aq pajeaio suuejqosd 2440 ouios 010 101M, Z “pasemdod Arosuap 5} a0u)n0rd UNOA 40 Ue YUM LE “souapuiadepur noumpasquen | (snsueg 861) Ler B18 £ uoneindog jeio eonoust ods carole a= 000 02-000 «| (000 05-000 nz « 000 001-000 08 © 00 6g2-000.00; « 020 081-000 08 « sé6enbu24 uF Sareoouiy! padd-yO0y vy Tourism Zambia i i ; voly wowebeuey swe9 OC sip pus eee won, “sonnie|eu pue SpuaLy UISIA 02 LLL LE puv Agpijoy uo auc 896 LS YaIyAA J0 9661 Ul SIOUSIA ggg Egg B1aM SIU, wsunoy Burdojarop 5} uaususen06 ano yoiym ur shen isaB6ng — “sous. wan “Ayneag jesmeu. geouynoud sNOA Uy wood aue sauoWasea jeuonpeN YUM & ‘eBueyoxe UB 16404 Jo eaunos v ¢} ‘eournoid snod ——_-Arjunos aup 04 fe!ayaUIeq S1 wIStNOY. ur suowoense istinos ons oweN 4 ‘ussyinoy newer aie 08a J wouldojonep eup ul ojos jueHOdUs duseg sseyjesnoysoy tue Aejd aidoad ay jo pue su UCD POOE “s}a30H RPMLAO NRL Gold S Groundnuts x ran Ore Sheep Nicket YW SugerCene = x Tin @ Tea © Industrial Centre Tobacco ° 100 200300 owas Although Zimbabwe has a fairly mixed economy, 67% of the population is still employed in agriculture, A variety of cash crops are grown, of which coffee and sugar are increasingly important. However, tobacco is Zimbabwe's principal export bringing in more money than any other crop. 27)Physical, Political and Economic Mozambique wv390 NYIONT eand suepunog eusisieny wens wea yeuueunon 7 oa os 0 001-008 ove-c001 | 0002 90) aT a =apts Physical, Political and Eoonomis Physical and Political | ] a5 eee : fanes sae : PAN es \ % TAnzaAnia = \ tanzania aera PAu Se / J_-foruner wa Key Key reves HIB revesytanation ax Fishing =a Tea Over 2000 x. Waters @ ntomational Airport : A ines Gropa SOURIS, Toba 1000-2000 Isemgicnsl capil Cy Ei : 800-1000 Main Road ¢ Important Town Aesdases] Mater Feat Pine woke © col ssn sa ines eee saci 9 lway = OthorTown ¥ SugarCone —@- Indusval Conve day's v Cattle ‘F Sweot Potatoes 1 Mourn Pook © Cote eae ee eget Gaon ee a 30 arr ueaCieneePhysical and Political ee ee Physical, Political and Economic Botswani Key Mees ver 1000 sp 1000 © 0800 A Mountain Paai ‘Seasonal Rivor Waterfall <7. Swomp =) Pan International unary Main and alinay & — Imeenaionl Aiport © Capita cin = iret = Other Town Botswana is mostly semi-desort with aria regs in the south and wast. Most people lve along tha eastern border where both land 2 ‘water resources are best. Much of the countn however is sparsely populated, with wide areas of land totally uninhabited, NAMIBIA wkcanincanl * PANS GR. cena i KALAHAR | “Gane ‘ RESERVE, ABUASPAUBE fF voy ee oleae 5 Med ¥ swantigg sw Tye ‘ Bees ve SOUTH AFRICA aa Key Hon a [/ | Man Food crop and Lvestock Nationa Park! Game Rasen | Ungroduetiv Land ¥ come ° Tv Mie , tes ° 2 Pues a 5 Sorghum . rushed and the dlamands SorN amibia Physical, Po litical and Economic Key Nes Over 2000 [1000-2000 00-1000 200-300 a0 4 Mountain Peak —> Seasonal River Watertall Swamp Pan Intoznational Boundary Main Road —— Railway e Kgalagadi Inermations} Airport = Capital City © Important Town 2 Other Town ee) 600 klomates Namibia is situstedin south west Africa, It is dominated in the west by the Namib Desert which then rises steeply eastwards,up to the plateau which forms most of the country. Name the highest paint on the plateau. Economic [neo OCEAN Lader 0 Se vy _pkeemensnoes Hsu pier HENVON ne Key FEI ain veto ering [F_| Mainy Talons Crop Forming [| NaonolParkiGare Reserve ‘ [| unproduesve Land ¥ catie Mitee le Fiehing ¥ sheep + Gonts ¥ Wht Maize = vegetables + Copper © Siver © Dismonds =x Tin = tos He Tungsten bith Uranium = Manganese Vanogum + san © ine © Indust! Cone ee Namibia is very rich in minerals anc SOUTH _-s| 8 result mining plays a major part in ‘A 7] Namibian economy. in 1991 mining BRIA i | sondim SarerinG Giese bare Product compared to agriculture’s Of all the minerals produced, diamonds 32 are the most important, aogate s ! Physical, Political and Economic Angola Physical and Political] Key Mores TERE over 2000 1000-2000 00-1000 00-500 0-200 A Mountain Pook Seasonal River Waterfall | Dam Swamp Intarational Boundary — Main Road Railway port Capital City © Intornationat = important Town (thar Town 120046000 oma Angola is dominated by a high Inland plateau which forms over 60% of the country. Cabindais part of Angola butis separated by part of Congo (Dem. Rep.) Name two other countries which share boundaries with Angola. Key HB comet Mainly Cash Crops Mainly Food Crops ‘National ParkiGame Reserve Se Bananas Copper ¥ Cattle ° Diamonds © Colles = tron Ore 3 Cotton = Manganese = Fishing A oil + Goats Phosphates T Moize sat Oy beim © Industral Contre = Piss ¥ Sheep Sisal Y Sugar Cane 23> 43000 loretras Angola has a large variety of mineral deposits, including iron ore and oll. It is the second largest oil producer i sub-saharan Africa, Diamonds are also important, with Angola producing aver 5% of the world’s diamonds. List three other minerals found in Angola. 33nme [Pam Ban \ Dhveinal Daliting) and Conn tcl Congo (Dem. Rep.) Physical, Political and Economic canna ArRleAN REPUBLIC ‘CAMEROON, g GABON: aad BOE i rasa | © | ing inghana Ce . ¢ ea " “o. fanzania a : alm a x ane x 34 Rem RRR 200-500 0-200 Mountain Peak Waterfall Dom Swamp — Railway Jiternations! Airport @ Congo (Dem. Rep.) is situated in central Airica. It has a short coastline of 37 km Cpe! city Important Town Other Tawn 290 00 qo International Boundary Main Road 800 koreves and is bordered by a total of 9 countries. Name the two rivers which form part of the boundary between Congo (Dem. Rep.) and Congo. Key Henn Mainly Cash Crops x Lena alow Summits alvaye snow covered and is Affica also has many areas of desert, the ae sy Ee ao largest of which is the Sahara. Pr 1 What is its latitude and longitude? 2 Which region of Africa doss the Sahara | 35>\ \saupl & ARABIA SEYCHELLES International Bo Capital city + Important Town 10 wundary 1600 ometoe Nairobi, the capital of Kenya, Kenya has five city in Atnca. Find out why Cairo’s growth neighbouring countries, which are they and has been influenced by its location, can you name their capital cities?21092900 ktometres Climatic Regions Key Koppen's Classification Tropics! Rain Forest ‘Tropical Savane” Africa Natural Vegetation ATLANTIC OCEAN L Key [Eiijowen [TE Ter porate ana McuntsinGrassiond [Sem Desert (erubanay © JTempertaand MourtinFoest |_| Short Grass Savanna ad Sees [Ta Grae Saverm wih soma os EI angrove roves Dry Deciduous Woodland Ea Oasis and Irrigated Nile Valley [Freptcal Rein Forest S60 10001640 torneras ass Savanna vegetation Wi Scattered acacia and bacbab trees in the Masai Mara Game Reserve, Kenya, = | i es es= Tonic eon Peutuiann out wawys 20 ASR ubsaharan Africa 1880 rtius 1988 ape Veroo 1875 [Mejor African Stas and Empires around 1880 T1960 = 1961-1870 Colonial Boundaries in 1914 Spanish [I scigin Tern | Poraguese Up to the late 19th Century, many Africans organised themselves into states or empires, sometimes with a King asa ruler. These changed over the centuries es empires grew and declined, and as different rulers camoto power. The first map shows the major states and empires that existed around 1880, From the 15th Century Europeans had been visiting Africa to trade with the African people, As trade increased, the Europeans built settlements along the African coast from which to trade, explore and look for minerals. These settlements gradually became the bases for European ‘eolonies’. Acolony wasn area of land ruled by a European country. Sometimes the Europeans had to fight many wars with the Africans to gain control of an area. By 1914, almost ‘the whole of Africa had been divided between seven Europesn countries. Look at the map above. Which European country controlled the largest area of Africa? Gradually the African people grew restless under European control. Thay wanted to set up their own governments. In each country African people began to create political parties. These ical parties put pressure on the Europeans to grant them dependence. The map on the leftgives dates at which each country achieved indapendence "Although the Union of South Africa was formed in 1910 it was not until 1994 that the first non-racial democratic slections were held and a Gavernment of National Unity was formed. Compare the map on page 36 with the map on the left. Find Zambia. In which year did Zambia become independent? _ecermanaenuaverncamactTs 39Africa Crops, ewastsan and Fishing “ATLANTIC OCEAN INDIAN OCEAN « [icrsin crops | unroduetio SS Bananas. SS Groundnuts 0 Cirus Frit OPalne Y Cloves Rubber 0 Cocoa Sugar Coffee = Tee 2 Goren Q Tobacco Grapes 2B Yems © 5091090 1500 torts Cash Crop Production in Africa 1994 coma 2008 Palm Oit North and ‘antral america Total World Production 5.8 million tonnes Total World Production 10.5 million tonnes Total World Production 14.6 million tonnes 40 aATLANTIC OCEAN y Minerals and Energy = Asbestos = aust Chrome * Coal > cobalt * Copper Phosphate Diamonds © siner oo xin oid U Uranium = Hyaio-leevie Power = Zine Industry 4 Indust Contre TE] chemicais lott Processing engineering [H]oW Retinary EE]rood Processing [lentes Tilton and Steet [a] Vehicle Assembly Major Railway © Important Town Major Air Route © Other Town Mejor Sea Route ~~ Navigable River canal Dar es Salaam, at the ond oF railway, handles the trace 19901600 kllomenes Zambia 42 riPopulation Africa ‘ilometre People por sul ‘over 200 100-200 50-100 10-50 __|-10 Population of Cities Ove" 9 milion 21-8 milion + 800,000-1 milion + 250,000-500,000 International Boundary 259 1090 180 hilometres g Population of African Countries 1998 (in millions) gers | Angee, Ectswans Burne Faso Soret | cane Verse Gora! ance Rep — i 73] Mai oa | Mauritania 23 | | Mounts 11 ‘Seyemaias ar Siena Leona 48 Somel 2 | South Atien 435 Sun mr Swecland 1. Why do the Following factors affect the population distribution in Africa: a) Climate? b) Altitude? ¢) Urbanisation? @) Transport neiwork? 0) Industrial dovalopment? 2. Cairo is the largest city in Africa with ‘over 6,663,000 peopla. Which is the largest city in our country and how many poopie live there? 43Africa Regional Economic Grouping Note: Cape Verde and Seyeneties | joined the OAU in 1978 and Mauritius in 1963, Note: Mauritius iss member ofCOMESA Key (DN SAL Qegerisation of ‘Atvican Unity 10992090 Horetrs Noto: Mauritius is] member of SADC, Cape Verde la'a member of ECOWAS Key [iiiljeacea [sive ~ ecowas Hiiayceeac 44 Key EAC East Atrican [Community for Eastarn and Southern Arica rican mombers of OPEC [DU FOME RA Cormon Marke 1000 2000 tometres Ces) OAU - Organisation of African Unity This is the most important African organisation. It wes formed in 1963 and aims to end colonialism and to defend the independence of its members therefore promoting unity and solidarity. Regional Economic Groupings ‘ Africa has a number of regional economic groupings which Protect the interest of the region. EAC ~ East African Community The community was revived in 1996 to promote trade and development. COMESA - Common Market for Eastern and Southern Africa Previously called the Preferential Trade Area, COMESA was formed in 1993 with a view to establishing @ common market by the year 2000. OPEC - Organisation of the Petroleum Exporting Countries. It was formed in 1860 to unity petroleum policies and stabilise the price of oil on tho world market, BADEA - Arab Bank for Economic Development in Africa Provides investment for developing projects, ECOWAS - Economic Community of West African States, The community was formed in 1975 to promote trade, co-operation and self-reliance in West Africa, SADC — Southern African Development Community was set up to unite the economic development within these countrias. CEEAC - Economic Community of Central African States aims to create a common market with free movement of people, goods, services and capital.w, providing an enormous source of ver for hyoro-lectricity. ' photograph of Fakaha, Cote D'ivore ‘ows one method used to dry andprosorve maize in areas with a jong dry season it groundselis an alpine pent that grows igh altitudes of 4000m. Seen here on Mt a it has lobe toothed leaves and flowers Photographs Africa This 1s vilage inthe Bole Peteau area of Ethiopia. There is enough rainfall for the farming of food crops and the grazing of cattle, sheen and goats. Cairo s the cufturaland commercial capital of Egypt. Central Cairo has the largest population in Afrca with over 6 000 000 people. Mangrove poles at Lamu Harbour, Kenye They are soaked for several weeks in soa water, which seasons and preserves the wood making it resistant to termites. Camels are desert animals used mostiy as pack animals seen here in Algeria, They can withstand long periods af drought, drinking up to 60 fires of water. Gold smelting in the Mazowe/Jumbo region of Zimbabwe. The furnace needs very high temperatures for this process. The Niger River is an important petroleum producing area. This is a deiling rig in the Rivers State delta area of Southern Nigeria, 45 ‘in Mourtss the dense lord lagoon vegetation provides @ sharp contrast t0 the steep volcanic siopes of the Mount du Rempart.JEORNOg PHOM” iNorld Physical S}UaufUO - POM NW3I90 | \ QILNYTLY \ainos \nva20 o1slaVdee Climate World PACIFIC OCEAN So. onestomion NS Wet and Dry Lands Key — Prevailing Winds 20004000 , vesiey Pa ‘Average Annual Rainfall Milimetres JOver 2000 Very Wet Lands 1900-2000 War Lands ABETIC . OCEAN JABETIC,, OCEAN x ‘500-1000 Moderatoly Wet Lands 250-500 Dry Lands Less then 250. Vary Dry Lands limatic Regions ey Tropical Wet (Rainforest Warm Temperate Coot Temperate HE re [EEE] sourtan cine 43NT —————— ES A lll TT — wuz es 21641 Puotpoayn pur yeo105 a, & 7 wow eum po mL sig won x oma ruaueulied pes ¢ www a 8 tiny 00 yoddog wwoneg sevr't pus ope Ue Gi seve ona owns 8 0009) pueremey | | asp puey ‘soosnesoy Afs0U3 pue fs0UNW JOfeW sou sotews hoy 5 : [ World Economic ActivityEX = Major Earthquake within the last 100 years reo flied by the Sm yh seal iv oats Serial as rat birtrase nthe val arane BERBER Ares lable 1 Earthquake oturbor Wain anes flected iy Tete igs — fee eee eee secre eects Panstw eves Aso tata erg 2000 dmg 60 Klometee TT Nonlesnes oryphaons + Active Volcano within tha tust 100 years ral Disasters Made Problems [HII HeoviyPototod Sone and Latos HEB re vocon SIRT REST Boee |r Pal Sm an Lee HERR 0 resent Ceertesion © _ fost Disha | EaRiAnie: PON: [EIB Areas of epic Detoresation aigaes es ven vouesg SpUCHOUION vsn sous ven 8 vsn ued 6 sn wsn #0 vs vs vsn 6 Aue unpjuesg pusug s ven ‘620149 vsn sajaBuy 507 6a vsn (Kpoues) 04 s90n OEY vsn Beau f:29 jo souuo, Aauno9 su9Bu98seq J0 “ON Anuno3 uodiny 228/ ou0 uy suabusssed 40 YOYlIW UF suodute ues doy, a smny re erp og ite — i \ wxOCo7 — 000% o . 4 af Norld CommunicationsInternational Organisations World St Limi SU vincent the Finided &Tobogo was suapernad x <_Sslerpon in aber or eisense eos i & Snsr s , 7 “There are 185 member countries ofthe United Nations. Countrios which are hot members ofthe United Nations are: Kiribati” Swritariane Tonget Mambots ofthe Morten of tho United Natone iireeNetonsana me Nera Taiwen Tuvelut ‘ Common Paci faland eountrins inthe Commanweath but notin the United Nations Vvarican city 5 20904000 6000 Klometro ‘The Commonwealth is made up of 53 countries. The countries are all equal in status. There is no formal aly or aim but the countries provide mutual essistance to each other and co-operate in all foreign and omestic affairs such as trade, education, cultural affairs nd sport he Commonwealth headquarters are in London, England but Heads of Government of all member countries meet cegularly in the different cities within the Commonwealth, ‘South Africa rejoined the Commanwealth in 1994, The flag of the United Nations After the Second World War people wanted peace and unity. On 24th October, 1945 the United Nations cam existance to promote peace and co-operation between nations. It is the largest organisation in the world and its headquarters are based in New York, USA. There are 185 membar countries and they meet every year in the General Assembly to discuss their disputes and problems. The United Nations aims to help people of the world and to maintain their friendship. Below is a "diagram which shows how the United Nations is organised. Several specialised agencies exist within the United Nations, each having particular responsibilities. Examples are: UNESCO (Education, Scientific and Cultural Organisation), FAQ (Food and Agriculture Organisation) and WHO (World Health Organisation). Ee re ee ‘The chief administrctive Responsible for the Responsibe for Established to look after ‘The principal jueicial offic ofthe Unitog ‘aintonanee of peace eeonomi, social, cultural teniteries which arena! organ of the United Nations. Ibis composed of relsecurty. tiseomposed — educstional and heaith fully ait-governing. 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