Pointers to Review PERDEV
3 Aspect of human development
Physical Development - covers the growth of the body and the brain motor and sensory skills,
and even physical health.
Cognitive Development – Covers our capacity to learn to speak, to understand, to reason and to
create
Psychosocial Development – includes our social interactions with other people, our emotions
personality, beliefs and values.
Human development is influenced by:
Heredity – inborn traits passed on by the generations of offspring from both sides of the
biological parents families.
Environment – is the world outside of ourselves and the experiences that results from our
contact and interaction with this external world.
Maturation – is the natural progression of the brain and the body that affects the cognitive
psychological and social dimensions of a person.
SUPERIOR MAN - The great Chinese being will always desire to become the SUPERIOR MAN not just to
his peers and follower.
Psychology – the study of human thinking and behavior, serves as a foundation for personal
development.
Vitruvian Man - was created by Leonardo da Vinci. around the year 1487 Man representing his own
reflection on human proportion and architecture, superimposed on a human head to represent
humanism
Maslow’s hierarchy of needs
Physiological
Safety
Love/Belonging
Esteem
Self-Actualization
Abraham Harold Maslow – a psychologist who studied positive human qualities and the lives of
exemplary people
Self-Actualization – A person’s motivation to reach his or her full potential.
Adolescence - the transition period between childhood and early adulthood.
the three stages of adolescence as:
Early adolescence - between 10 and 13 years of age
Middle adolescence - between 14 and 16 years of age
Late adolescence - between 17 and 20 years of age
Self - is identified in various contexts, such as in psychology, sociology, or religion.
Self - is the essence of a person: his thoughts, feelings and actions, experiences, beliefs, values,
principles, and relationships.
Self - is defined as the cognitive and affective representation of one's identity, it is then defined in terms
of human characteristics such as behavior and thought.
Personality - is the essence of who we are and is the embodiment of one's physical, psychological,
cognitive, affective, and spiritual self.
Nature and Nurture – influenced the personality
O.C.E.A.N :
Openness to experience - curiosity, interest, imagination, and creativity to new ideas.
Conscientiousness - planning, organizing, hardworking, controlling, persevering, and
punctuality.
Extraversion - sociable, talkative, active, outgoing, and fun-loving.
Agreeableness - friendly, warm, trusting, generous, and kind-hearted.
Neuroticism - calm, relaxed, and comfortable.
Personality trait - a disposition to behave consistently in a particular way.
Two different kinds of tests
MBTI - Myers-Briggs Type Indicator
Rorschach Inkblot Test
Elements of Holistic Development
Social-emotional - Social-emotional development involves the development of a child’s
emotional wellbeing, identity.
Physical Development - Physical development is another major area of holistic development.
Cognitive Development - Cognitive development is the area that traditional academic settings
address most proactively, and it’s one that still needs care and attention no matter the setting.
Linguistic Development - Linguistic development is the last main area of holistic development.
Holism - the tendency in nature to form wholes which are greater than the sum of the parts through
creative evolution.
The Various Aspect of Holistic Development of Person
Physiological - The physical attributes including the Five Physical sense.
Cognitive - The Intellectual functions of the mind thinking, recognizing, reasoning, analyzing,
projecting, Synthesizing, recalling and assessing.
Psychological - How thinking, feeling and behaving interact and happen in a person.
Social - The manner by which an individual interacts with other individuals or groups of
individuals
Spiritual - The attribute of a person's consciousness and beliefs, including the value and virtues
that quide and put meaning into a person's life
Six Basic Emotions
Happiness
sadness
fear
anger
surprise
disgust
Emotion - is taken from the Latin verb, movere, which means to move or be upset or agitated.
Attitude - is a result of a person’s evaluation of an experience with another person, object, idea,
behavior, or situation based on his or her values and belief systems.
Behavior - is a manifestation or acting out of the attitudes an individual has.
Values - At the core of every person lies a system of beliefs that adheres to the highest ideals of human
existence.
10 Basic Human Values
Self-Direction - independent thought and action; choosing, creating, and exploring
Stimulation — excitement, novelty, and challenge in life
Hedonism — pleasure and sensuous gratification for oneself
Achievement - personal success through demonstrating competence according to social
standards
Power — social status and prestige, and control or dominance over people and resources
Security — safety, harmony, and stability of society, of relationships, and of self
Conformity — restraint of actions, inclinations, and impulses that are likely to upset or harm
others and violate social expectations or norms
Tradition — respect, commitment, and acceptance of the customs and ideas that traditional
culture or religion provide the self
Benevolence — preserving and enhancing the welfare of those with whom one is in frequent
personal contact (the ‘in-group’)
Universalism — understanding, appreciation, tolerance, and protection for the welfare of all
people and of nature
Influencers
Zorka Hereford - author of essential life skills guide for personal development and self-realization
The two proponents of humanistic psychology
Abraham Maslow – theorized the five stages of human development
Carl Rogers - theorized that “the Individual has within himself the capacity and the tendency,
latent if not evident, to move forward toward maturity”.
Leonardo da Vinci – creator of the Vitruvian Man
Martin Seligman – psychologist and president of the American psychological association
D. W. Fiske - The developer of trait theory (1949)
Costa and McRae – developers of the Big Five or Five-Factor Model. (1992)
Gordon Allport - defines personality as "a pattern of habits, attitudes, and traits that determine an
individual's characteristics, behavior, and traits".
Rene Descartes – mind and body dualism theory.
General Jan C. Smuts – author of holistic (1926).
Christian von Ehrehfels - author of Gestalt (1890).
Paul Ekman - identified Six Basic emotions that human beings experience.
Shalom H.Schwartz – 10 Basic Human Values.
