REINF, ELASTOMERIC BEARING DESIGN

CALCULATION (SI UNITS)

Project Name : TULARAMPUR BRIDGE ( FOR 40m SPAN)

A. Specification
AASHTO LRFD BRIDGE DESIGN SPECIFICATION VERSION 2012 (METHOD B STEEL -
REINFORCED ELASTOMERIC BEARINGS (SECTION : 14 .7 .5)

B. Design Conditions

B. 1 Seating material:
Super - Structural Concrete
Sub - Structural Concrete

B. 2 Loads:

Service Limit State

Fz (Vertical)
Bearin Dead
DLive
g Name Load,
Load, DL+LL
DL
LL (kN)
(kN)
FIX 1288 255 1543
MOVE 1288 255 1543

B. 3 Displacements and Rotations:

Rotations Displacements
Displacements
Bearin Static Loads Live Load Live Load
g Name Long. Trans. Long. Trans. Long. Trans. Long. Trans.
(mm) (mm) (mm) (mm) (rad) (rad) (mm) (mm)
FIX 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.0026 0.000 0.00 0.00
MOVE 33.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.0026 0.000 0.00 0.00

B. 4 Materials
B. 4.1 Rubber as per Art. 14.7.5.2
The shear modulus of the elastomer at 23oC shall used as the basis of the design
The elastomer shall have a shear modulus between 0.55MPa and 1.21MPa
B. 4.2 Inner Reinfforcement steel G250 (ASTM A36)
Yeild Strength 250 Mpa
Tensile Strength 400 Mpa
C. Design the Bearing

C.1 Dimension of Steel Reinforced Elastomeric Bearing

Long. D Short D Rubber Dimensions
Bearin Cover (mm)
Rubber Ge L T LRb TRb hrt tcover
g Name hri (mm) n tTop
(mm) (mm) (mm) (mm) (mm) tBot (mm) (mm)
(mm)
FIX NR 0.8 420 420 410 410 12 3 36 2 2 5
MOVE NR 0.8 450 450 440 440 11 5 55 2 2 5

Steel Plate Dimensions

Bearin HTop HBot Hbr
LS TS Σhs
g Name hs (mm) ns (mm) (mm) (mm)
(mm) (mm) (mm)
FIX 410 410 3 4 12 0 0 53
MOVE 440 440 3 6 18 0 0 78

C.2 Shape Factor

Art, 14.7.5.1-1

L = plan dimension of the bearing perpendicular to the axis of rotation under consideration (generally parallel to the
global longitudinal bridge axis), mm
T = plan dimension of the bearing parallel to global transverse bridge axis of rotation under consideration
(generally parallel to the global transverse bridge axis), mm
hri = thickness of ith elastomeric layer, mm

Bearin LRb TRb hri

Si
g Name (mm) (mm) (mm)
FIX 410 410 12 8.5
MOVE 440 440 11 10.0
C.3 Shear Deformation Art, 14.7.5.3.2
C3.1 Maximum horizontal displacement of the bridge super-structure, ∆o
∆o = 65% of ∆T+∆sk+∆cr
C3.2 Maximum shear deformation of the bearing at Service Limit State, ∆s shall be taken as ∆o

C3.3 The bearing shall satisfy:

hrt ≥ 2Δs Art, 14.7.5.3.2-1
Where, hrt = totall elastomer thickness
∆s = maximum totall shear deformation of the elastomer from applicable service load in table 3.4.1-2

Nonseismic lateral displacement

Bearin
ΔT ∆sk ∆cr ∆o Δs 2xΔs hrt
g Check
(mm) (mm) (mm) (mm) (mm) (mm) (mm)
Name
FIX 0.00 0 0 0.0 0.0 0 36 OK
MOVE 33.00 0 0 21.5 21.5 42.9 55 OK
C.4 Combined Compression, Rotation and Shear `

Combination of axial load, rotation and shear at service limit shall satisfy

Art: 14.7.5.3.3-1

The static component of γa shall also satisfy:

γ a,st ≤ 3.0 Art: 14.7.5.3.3-2
Where,
γa = shear strain caused by axial load
γr = shear strain caused by rotation
γs = shear strain caused by shear displacement
Subscripts “st” and “cy” indicate static and cyclic loading, respectively.

C.4.1 Shear strain caused by axial load

C.4.1 .1 Effect of cyclic load:

Art: 14.7.5.3.3-3
Where,
γa = γa,cy = shear strain caused by the effect of live load
Da = dimensionless coefficient used to determine shear strain due to axial load:
For rectangular bearing,Da = 1.4
& for a circular bearing Da = 1.0
σs = σs,cy= average compressive stress due to Live Load
G = shear modulus of the elastomer
Si = shape factor of the ith internal layer of an elastomeric bearing
The effective reduced area of bearig:
Ae,cy = As[1-(∆L(cy)/LRb) -(∆T(cy)/TRb) ]

Where, ∆L(cy) is the maximum horizontal relative dis[placement of parts of bearing in the direction of dimension L
of the bbearing due to cyclic load effect, ∆T(cy) is the maximum horizontal relative dis[placement of parts of
bearing in the direction of dimension T of the bbearing due to cyclic load effect
 C.4.1 .2 Effect of static load:

<=3
Where,
γa= γa, s t = shear strain caused by the effect of static load
Da = dimensionless coefficient used to determine shear strain due to axial load:
For rectangular bearing, Da = 1.4
& for a circular bearing Da = 1.0
σs = σs,st= average compressive stress due to Static Load
G = shear modulus of the elastomer
Si = shape factor of the ith internal layer of an elastomeric bearing
The effective reduced area of bearig:
Ae,st = As[1-(∆L(st)/LRb) -(∆T(st)/TRb) ]

Where, ∆L(st) is the maximum horizontal relative dis[placement of parts of bearing in the direction of dimension L
of the bbearing due to static load effect, ∆T(st) is the maximum horizontal relative displacement of parts of bearing
in the direction of dimension T of the bearing due to static load effect
Bearin
LRb TRb ∆L(st) ∆T(st) ∆L (cy) ∆T(cy) As G
g Da Si
(mm) (mm) (mm) (mm) (mm) (mm) (mm2) (Mpa)
Name
FIX 410 410 0.00 0 0 0 168100 1.4 0.8 8.5417
MOV 440 440 33.00 0 0 0 193600 1.4 0.8 10

Bearin A Ae(cy)
e(st) FZst FZcy σs,st σs,cy Check γa,st <
g 2 2
γa,st γa,cy
(KN) (KN) (Mpa) (Mpa) 3
Name (mm ) (mm )
FIX 168100 168100 1288.00 255 7.66 1.52 1.57 0.31 OK
MOV 179080 193600 1288.00 255 7.19 1.32 1.26 0.23 OK

C.4.2 Shear strain caused by rotation

C.4.2.1 Effect of cyclic load:
C.4.2.1.1 In longitudinal direction:

Art: 14.7.5.3.3-6

Where: ɤr= ɤr,cy(L)

Dr = Dimensionless coefficient used to determine shear strain due to rotation for a rectangular bearing:
Dr = 0.5
L = LRB =Longitudinal dimention of the bearing (perpendicular to the axis of rotation)
θs = θs,cy(L) = maximum cyclic service limit state design rotation angle of the elastomer
hri = Thickness of ith interior elastomeric layer
n = Number of interior layers of elastomer
 C.4.2.1.2 In transverse direction:

Where: ɤr= ɤr,cy(T)

Dr = Dimensionless coefficient used to determine shear strain due to rotation for a rectangular bearing:
Dr = 0.5
L = TRB =Longitudinal dimention of the bearing (perpendicular to the axis of rotation)
θs = θs,cy (T)= maximum cyclic service limit state design rotation angle of the elastomer
hri = Thickness of ith interior elastomeric layer
n = Number of interior layers of elastomer

C.4.2.2 Effect of static load:

C.4.2.2.1 In longitudinal direction:

Art: 14.7.5.3.3-6

Where: ɤr= ɤr,st(L)

Dr = Dimensionless coefficient used to determine shear strain due to rotation for a rectangular bearing:
Dr = 0.5
L = LRB =Longitudinal dimention of the bearing (perpendicular to the axis of rotation)
θs = θs,st(L) = maximum static service limit state design rotation angle of the elastomer
hri = Thickness of ith interior elastomeric layer
n = Number of interior layers of elastomer

C.4.2.2.2 In transverse direction:

Where: ɤr= ɤr,st(T)

Dr = Dimensionless coefficient used to determine shear strain due to rotation for a rectangular bearing:
Dr = 0.5
L = TRB =Longitudinal dimention of the bearing (perpendicular to the axis of rotation)
θs = θs,st (T)= maximum static service limit state design rotation angle of the elastomer
hri = Thickness of ith interior elastomeric layer
n = Number of interior layers of elastomer

FIX MOV
Dr = 0.5 0.5
Bearin
LRb TRb hri n θs,st(L) θs,cy(L) θs,cy(T)
g θs,st(T) rad ɤr,st(L) ɤr,st(T) ɤr,cy(L) ɤr,cy(T)
(mm) (mm) (mm) Layer rad rad rad
Name
FIX 410 410 12 3 0.00 0.00 0.003 0.000 0 0 0.51 0
MOV 440 440 11 5 0.00 0.00 0.003 0.000 0 0 0.42 0
C.4.3 Shear strain caused by shear deformation
C.4.3.1 In longitudinal direction:
C.4.3.1.1 Shear strain due to cyclic effect:

Art: 14.7.5.3.3-10

Where: hrt= Total elastomeric thickness

Δs= ΔL,cy Maximum cyclic shear deformation of the elastomer
ɤs= ɤs,L,cy

C.4.3.1.2 Shear strain due to static effect:

Where: hrt= Total elastomeric thickness

Δs= ΔL,st Maximum static shear deformation of the elastomer
ɤs= ɤs,L,st

C.4.3.2 In transverse direction:

C.4.3.2.1 Shear strain due to cyclic effect:

Art: 14.7.5.3.3-10

Where: hrt= Total elastomeric thickness

Δs= ΔT,cy Maximum cyclic shear deformation of the elastomer
ɤs= ɤs,T,cy

C.4.3.2.1 Shear strain due to static effect:

Where: hrt= Total elastomeric thickness

Δs= ΔT,st Maximum static shear deformation of the elastomer
ɤs= ɤs,T,st

Bearin
ΔL,st ΔT,st ΔL,cy ΔT,cy h,rt
g ɤs,L,st ɤs,T,st ɤs,L,cy ɤs,T,cy
(mm) (mm) (mm) (mm) (mm)
Name
FIX 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 36.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0
MOV 33.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 55.00 0.60 0.00 0.00 0
C.4.4 Check combined shear strain
C.4.4.1 In longitudinal direction:

∑ɤ1=

C.4.4.2 In transverse direction:

∑ɤ2=

Bearin
ɤa,L,st ɤr,L,st ɤs,L,st ɤa,L,cy ɤr,L,cy ɤs,L,cy ɤa,T,st ɤr,T,st ɤs,T,st ɤa,T,cy ɤr,T,cy ɤs,T,cy
g
FIX 1.57 0 0.00 0.31 0.51 0.00 1.57 0.00 0.00 0.31 0.00 0
MOV 1.26 0 0.60 0.23 0.42 0.00 1.26 0.00 0.00 0.23 0.00 0

Bearing
∑ɤ1 ∑ɤ2 Max ( ∑ɤ1,∑ɤ2 ) Check
Name
FIX 3.00 2.11 3.00 OK
MOV 2.99 1.66 2.99 OK
C.5 Stability of elastomer bearings:

Bearings shall be investigated for instability at the service limit state load combinations
Bearings satisfying the following equation Eq. 14.7.5.3.4-1shall be considered
stable, and no further investigation of stability is required.
Art: 14.7.5.3.4-1
in which,

Art: 14.7.5.3.4-2

Art: 14.7.5.3.4-3

Where:
G = shear modulus of the elastomer
hrt = total elastomer thickness
LRb = the shorter dimension within main plan dimensions of bearing
LRb = the longe dimension within main plan dimensions of bearing
Si = shape factor of ith internal layer of elastomeric bearing
If A> B, the stress due to total load shall satisfythe following equaions:
If the dridge deck is free to translate horizontally,

Art: 14.7.5.3.4-4
If the dridge deck is fixed to translate horizontally,

Art: 14.7.5.3.4-5

A negative or infinite limit from Eq. 14.7.5.3.4-5, indicates that the bearing is stable and is not dependent
on σs. If the value A−B ≤ 0, the bearing is stable and is not dependent on σs.

Bearin 2A>B
LRb TRb hrt G
g Si A 2A B 2A≤B
(mm) (mm) (mm) (Mpa) σs (2A-B) (A-B)
Name
FIX 410 410 36 8.5417 0.80 0.10 0.195 0.203 OK 9.2 -0.01 -0.11
MOV 440 440 55 10 0.80 0.14 0.277 0.178 NA 8.0 0.10 -0.04

Bearin Support Condition Long. Trans.

CHEC
g GSi/ GSi/ CHECK
Long. Trans. CHECK CHECK K
Name (2A-B) (A-B)
FIX FIX FIX -858.6 -64.90 -64.90 OK -64.90 OK
MOV MOV FIX 80.704 -202.86 80.70 OK -202.86 OK
C.6 Reinforcement
The minimum thickness of steel reinforcement, hs, shall not be less than
Art: 14.7.5.3.5
1.6mm and shall satisfy:
At the service limit state:
Art: 14.7.5.3.5-1

σs= average compressive stress due to total load from applicable SLS Mpa
hri=Thickness of interior elastomeric layer
Fy= yield strength of steel plate Mpa
If the holes exist in the reinforcement,the minimum thickness shall be increased by a equal to twice
the gross divided by the net width,

Bearin
hri σs Fy 3hriσs/Fy hs
g CHECK
(mm) (Mpa) (Mpa) (mm) (mm)
Name
FIX 12 9.2 250 1.32 3.00 OK
MOV 11 8.0 250 1.05 3.00 OK

At the fatigue limit state:

Art: 14.7.5.3.5-2

ΔFTH = constant amplitude fatigue threshold for Category A as specified in Article 6.6
ΔFTH = 165 Mpa
σL = average compressive stress at the SLS due to live load Mpa

Bearin 2hriσL/Δ
hri σL ΔFTH hs
g FTH CHECK
(mm) (Mpa) (Mpa) (mm)
Name (mm)
FIX 12 1.5 165 0.22 3.00 OK
MOV 11 1.3 165 0.18 3.00 OK
C.7 Compressive Deflecion
Deflections of elstomeric baerings due to dead load and instantaneous
live load alone shall be considered separately
Loadings shall be at the service limit state with all load factors equal to 1.0
Instantaneous live load deflection shall be takan as:

Art: 14.7.5.3.6-1

Where,
εLi = Instantaneous live load copressive strain in ith elastomer layer
hri =thickness of ith elastomer layer
A maximum relative live load dflection across a joint of 3.175mm is suggested. Joint and seals
that are seneitive to relative deflections may require limits that are tighter than this
Initial dead load deflection shall be taken as:

δd = Σεdihri
Where,
εdi = initial compressive strain in ith elastomer layer
hrii = thickness of ith elastomer layer

εLi =σ/6GSi2

σ = instantaneous live load compressive stress ordead load compressive stress in an individual elastomer
layer (Mpa)
S = shape factor of an individual elastomer layer
G = shear modulus of the elastomer (Mpa)
Long-term dead load deflections should be considered where joints and seals between sections of the
bridge rest on bearings of different design and when estimating redistribution of forces in continuous
bridges by settlement.
Long-term dead load deflection, including the effects
of creep, shall be taken as:
δd = δd + ɑcrδd
Where, ɑcr = creep deflection divided by initial dead load dflection = 0.35 (Table 14.7.6.2-1)

Bearin σs,Li G σs,Dl G

Si εLi δL Check εdi δd δlt Check
g (Mpa) (Mpa) (Mpa) (Mpa)
FIX 1.517 0.8 8.5417 0.0043 0.156 OK 7.662 0.800 0.022 0.788 1.06 N/A
MOV 1.3171 0.8 10 0.0027 0.151 OK 6.653 0.800 0.014 0.762 1.03 N/A
C.7 Anchorage for bearing without bonded external plates Art. 14.7.5.4

In bearings without externally bonded steel plates, a restraint system shall be used to secure the bearing against
horizontal movement if:

θs/n ≥ 3εa/ Si
θs = total of static and cyclic maximum service limit state design rotation angles of the elastomer
specified in Article 14.4.2.1 in which the cyclic component is multiplied by 1.75 (rad
number of interior layers of elastomer, where interior layers are defined as those layers which are
n= bonded on each face. Exterior layers are defined as those layers which are bonded only on one face.
When the thickness of the exterior layer of elastomer is equal to or greater than one-half the
thickness of an interior layer, the parameter, n, may be increased by one-half for each such exterior
layer
εa = total of static and cyclic average axial strain taken as positive for compression in which the cyclic
component is multiplied by 1.75 from applicable service load combinations in Table 3.4.1-1
Si = shape factor of the ith internal layer of an elastomeric bearing

In longitudinal direction

Bearin
θs,DL θs,LL θs, n θs/n Restraint
g εDi εLi 3εa Si 3εa/Si system
(rad) (rad) (rad) (layer) (rad)
Name
FIX - - - - - - - - - - -
MOV 0.000 0.003 0.003 5 0.001 0.014 0.003 0.056 10.00 0.006 No use

Intransverse direction

Bearin
θs,DL θs,LL θs, n θs/n Restraint
g εDi εLi 3εa Si 3εa/Si system
(rad) (rad) (rad) (layer) (rad)
Name
FIX - - - - - - - - - - -
MOV 0.000 0.000 0.000 5 0.000 0.01 0.003 0.056 10.00 0.006 No use