INDUSTRIAL UNIVERSITY OF HOCHIMINH CITY

FACULTY OF FOREIGN LANGUAGES

COURSE ASSIGNMENT
Course: Phonetics and Phonology
Course Code: 2111411
Class Code: 420300269312
Group: 312C
Group Members and Signatures:

Nguyễn Thị Thơm 21097001

Tô Nguyễn Anh Thi 21136751

Nguyễn Thị Thanh Thủy 21101971

Nguyễn Văn Thuần 21100571

Ngô Nguyễn Anh Thư 21097241

Phùng Thị Mỹ Thức 21101051

Nguyễn Ngọc Minh Thư 21059681

Đỗ Thị Anh Thư 21134841

Phạm Hoài Thương 18019021

Cao Dương Anh Thư 21136781

 Group 312-C: The police came and asked her a lot of questions.

1. Transcribe phonemically individual word in the given sentence,

putting the words in separate lines. Then give the number of sounds
in each word.

The police came and asked her a lot of questions.

/59 p9=lIs k$m 9nd Askt h+r 9 l4t 4v =kwesT9nz/

• The /59/: 2 sounds

• Police /p9=lIs/: 5 sounds
• Came /k$m/: 3 sounds
• And /9nd/: 3 sounds
• Asked /ÁAskt/: 4 sounds
• Her /h+r/ or /h9r/: 3 sounds
• A /9/: 1 sound
• Lot /l4t/: 3 sounds
• Of /9v/: 2 sounds
• Questions /=kwesT9nz/: 8 sounds

2. Describe the vowels in each one-syllable word.

• The /9/: mid central neutral

• Came /$/: closing
• And /9/: mid central neutral
• Asked /A/: open back neutral
• Her /+/: mid central neutral
• A /9/: mid central neutral
• Lot /4/: open back rounded
• Of /9/: mid central neutral
3. Describe the consonants in each one-syllable word.

Word Transcription Consonant Describe

the /59/ 5 voiceless dental fricative

k voiceless velar plosive

came /k$m/
m voiced bilabial nasal

n voiced alveolar nasal

and /9nd/
d voiced alveolar plosive

s voiceless alveolar fricative

asked /ÁAskt/ k voiceless velar plosive

t voiceless alveolar plosive

h voiceless glottal fricative

her /h+r/
r voiced post-alveolar
approximant

l voiced alveolar lateral

approximant
lot /l4t/
t voiceless alveolar plosive

of /9v/ v voiced labiodental fricative

4. Write the maximum phonological structure of an English syllable.
Then analyze the structure of the one-syllable words in the given
sentence.

Pre- Post- Post- Post-

Post- Pre-
Initia Initial Vowel Final Final Final Final
Initial Final
l 1 2 3
the 5 9
came k $ m
and 9 n d
asked A s k t
her h + r
a 9
lot l 4 t
of 4 v

5. Transcribe the given sentence, using the appropriate form.

The police came and asked her a lot of questions.

/5ə pə=lIs keɪm ən Askt ər eɪ l4t əv =kwestSənz/

• The: /59/ → weak forms because this word before consonants.

• and: /ən/ → weak forms because this word use to connect main
content
• her: /ər/ → weak forms because this word before vowels.
• of: /əv/ → weak form because this word is preposition and in a
sentence that means to belong to or to be related to something or
someone
• a: /ə/ → weak form because this word before consonants.
• police: /pəli:s/, came: /keɪm/, asked: /Askt/, question: /kwestʃənz/
→ strong forms because this words are content words.
6. Give 1 example including illustration and explanation for each type
of assimilation, elision and linking.

• Assimilation
Example: meet people: /miːt ˈpiː.pəl/
 Assimilation: /miːp ˈpiː.pəl/
Cf changes to become like Ci , so the assimilation is called regressive, the
phoneme that comes first is affected by the one that comes after it. The
final consonant in ‘meet’ is alveolar. In rapid, casual speech the t will
become p before a bilabial consonant.

• Elison
Example: Combine: /kəmˈbaɪn/
 Elison: /kmˈbaɪn/
In connected speech /ə/ in the first syllable can easily disappear because the
/k/ is a plosive that takes up the whole of the middle portion of the syllable.

• Linking:
Example: Never again: /ˈnev.ər əˈɡen/
The word after ‘never’ begins with a vowel sound. In this case, the ‘r’ is
pronounced. This is called a ‘linking /r/’ and it helps to make the words
flow together more smoothly in natural speech.

7. Give 3 examples including 1 noun, 1 adjective, 1 verb for each type

of stress. Stress marks are also included for illustration and
explanation.

Kinds of
Word Transcription Explain
word
Final syllable
Simple Two- Enter /=ent9/ is weak, so the
words syllable (v) first syllable is
stressed
 The first
syllable is
Hollow stressed
/=h4l!/ because the
(adj)
final syllable
contains “!”

Stress falls on
Money /=m6ni/ the first
(n)
syllable

The final
syllable is
Entertain (v) /-ent9=t$n/ strong, so it
received
primary stress

The first
Three-
syllable is
syllable
Potato /p9=t$t!/ weak, so the
(n) stress comes
on the next
syllable
Stress falls on
Opportune /=4p9tjUn/ the first
(adj)
syllable
Disconnect /-d1sk9=nekt/ The prefix
(v) does not affect
the position of
Co-founder /k! =f~nd9/ the stress,
Complex (n) words have
Prefixes
words same rules as
those for
Bilingual /b#=l17gw9l/ polysyllabic
(adj) words without
prefixes.
 Picturesque
Suffixes /-p1kT9r=esk/
(adj)
carrying Stress will
the primary come on the
stress suffix
themselves Examinee /1g-z`m1=nI/
(n)

Wonderful /=w6nd9f9l/
(adj)
Suffixes Word stress
that do not Classify does not
affect /=kl`s1f#/ change when
(v)
stress adding
placement suffixes
Happiness /h`pin9s/
(n)

Ingredient (n) /in=grIdi9nt/

When adding
Suffixes
Distinguish suffixes, the
that /d1=st1n7gw1S/ stress come
influence (v)
the syllable
stress in
before that
the stem
suffix
Confidential
/-k4nf1=denS9l/
(adj)

Football (n) /=f3tbOl/

Com Compound Blackboard /=bl`kbOd/ Stress on the

pounds nouns (n) first element

Washing /=w4S17m9-SIn/
machine (n)
 Second-class /-sek9nd=klAs/
(adj)
Primary stress
is on the final
Other Understand /-6nd9=st`nd/ word, the first
compounds (v) word takes
secondary
Bad-tempered stress
/-b`d=temp9d/
(adj)

Export (n) /=ekspOt/

Export (v) /1k=spOt/ When

changing the
/=rekOd/ stress, the
Record (adj)
word part of
Word-class pairs
speech,
Record (v) /r1=kOd/ transcription
and meaning
Contract (n) /=k4ntr`kt/ will change

Contract (v) /k9n=trt`t/

8. Put the sentence stress marks and divide the given sentence up into
feet, using a dotted vertical line as a boundary symbol.

The police came and asked her a lot of questions.

1 2 3 4 5 6
The po =lice =came and =asked her a =lot of =questions

9. Give simple utterances or bits of dialogs as examples for each tone

mark: Rise, Fall, Fall-Rise, Rise-Fall and Level. Decide and
underline the tonic syllable (the most prominent syllable) in each
utterance, then write a tone mark just in front of the tonic syllable.

• Rise tune:
Are you going to take the /job
 ➔ Invitations to continue

• Fall tune:
Close the door \quickly
➔ Finality

• Fall-rise tune:
A: I have heard that she is a kind woman
B: \/ Yes
➔ Response with reservations
• Rise-fall tune:
A: I have heard that he is a kind man
B: /\ Yes
➔ Convey strong feelings of approval or surprise
• Level tune
A: Can I go -now
B: -Yes
➔ A feels uninteresting and is complaining about having to go to a
formal wedding. Thus, B feels bored when A said that.