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Solving Problems Involving Polynomial Functions

The document provides examples of solving problems involving polynomial functions, including finding the length of an edge of a cube, writing the polynomial function for a volume of a rectangular prism given its zeros, evaluating population functions at given times, and evaluating weight functions given days of illness. The examples cover topics like extracting cube roots, writing polynomials from factors, evaluating functions, and applying the concepts to real-world word problems involving volume, population, weight, and other applications of polynomial functions.

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Emely
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367 views

Solving Problems Involving Polynomial Functions

The document provides examples of solving problems involving polynomial functions, including finding the length of an edge of a cube, writing the polynomial function for a volume of a rectangular prism given its zeros, evaluating population functions at given times, and evaluating weight functions given days of illness. The examples cover topics like extracting cube roots, writing polynomials from factors, evaluating functions, and applying the concepts to real-world word problems involving volume, population, weight, and other applications of polynomial functions.

Uploaded by

Emely
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Solving Problems Involving Polynomial Functions

Example 1: A cube has a capacity of 125 cm3. What is the length of its edge?
Solution:
𝑉𝑐𝑢𝑏𝑒 = 𝑠3 Use the appropriate formula.
125 𝑐𝑚3 = 𝑠3 Substitute the given.
3 3
√125 𝑐𝑚3 = √𝑠3 Extract the cube roots.

5 𝑐𝑚 = 𝑠 Simplify and write the


final answer.
𝑠 = 5 𝑐𝑚
Therefore, the length of the edge of the cube is 𝟓 𝒄𝒆𝒏𝒕𝒊𝒎𝒆𝒕𝒆𝒓𝒔.

Example 2: Find the polynomial function which represent the volume of a


rectangular prism and with the zeros {3, −3, 1}.
Solution: To find the function representing the volume of the prism, we use
the formula 𝑉𝑟. 𝑝𝑟𝑖𝑠𝑚 = 𝑙𝑤ℎ. The zeros shall be transformed as factors and these
factors will be substituted as the length, width, and height of the prism.
Follow the steps below.
𝑉𝑟. 𝑝𝑟𝑖𝑠𝑚 = 𝑙𝑤ℎ Use the appropriate formula.
𝑥 = 3 → 𝒙 − 𝟑; 𝑥 = −3 → 𝒙 + 𝟑; 𝑥 = 1 → 𝒙 − 𝟏 Write the zeros as factors.
= (𝑥 − 3)(𝑥 + 3)(𝑥 − 1) Substitute the given.
= (𝑥2 − 9)(𝑥 − 1) Multiply the binomials.
𝑉𝑟.𝑝𝑟𝑖𝑠𝑚 = 𝑥3 − 𝑥2 − 9𝑥 + 9 Simplify.
Therefore, the polynomial function that represents the volume of
the rectangular prism is 𝑽(𝒙) = (𝒙𝟑 − 𝒙𝟐 − 𝟗𝒙 + 𝟗) 𝒄𝒖𝒃𝒊𝒄 𝒖𝒏𝒊𝒕𝒔.

Example 3: A demographer predicts that the population, 𝑃, of a town t years


from now can be modeled by the function 𝑃(𝑡) = 6𝑡4 – 5𝑡3 + 200𝑡 + 12,000.
What will the population of the town be two years from now?
Solution: The given function that modeled the population of the town shall
be evaluated at 𝑡 = 2. Follow the steps below.
𝑃(𝑡) = 6𝑡4 − 5𝑡3 + 200𝑡 + 12,000 Given Function

𝑃(2) = 6(2)4 − 5(2)3 + 200(2) + 12,000 Evaluate 𝑃(𝑡) when 𝑡 = 2..

= 6(16) − 5(8) + 200(2) + 12,000 Simplify.


= 96 − 40 + 400 + 12,000 Simplify.
.
𝑃(2) = 12,456

Therefore, in two years, the town will be having a population of 𝟏𝟐, 𝟒𝟓𝟔
𝒑𝒆𝒐𝒑𝒍𝒆.

Example 4: The resulting weight, 𝑤, of a patient who has been sick for
𝑛 𝑑𝑎𝑦𝑠 can be modelled by the equation 𝑤(𝑛) = (0.1𝑛3 − 0.6𝑛2 + 110) 𝑝𝑜𝑢𝑛𝑑𝑠.
If a 125-𝑝𝑜𝑢𝑛𝑑 person has been ill for a week, how much weight did he lost?
𝑤(𝑛) = 0.1𝑛3 − 0.6𝑛2 + 110 Given Function
𝑤(7) = 0.1(7)3 − 0.6(7)2 + 110 Evaluate 𝑤(𝑛) when 𝑛 = 7.
= 0.1(343) − 0.6(49) + 110 Simplify.
= 34.3 − 29.4 + 110 Simplify.
.

𝑤(7) = 114.9 𝑝𝑜𝑢𝑛𝑑𝑠


𝑤𝑒𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡 𝑙𝑜𝑠𝑡 = 𝑜𝑟𝑖𝑔𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑙 𝑤𝑒𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡 – 𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑢𝑙𝑡𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑤𝑒𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡 Formula
= 125 𝑝𝑜𝑢𝑛𝑑𝑠 − 114.9 𝑝𝑜𝑢𝑛𝑑𝑠 Substitute the weights.
𝑤𝑒𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡 𝑙𝑜𝑠𝑡 = 10.1 𝑝𝑜𝑢𝑛𝑑𝑠 Simplify.
Therefore, the person has lost 𝟏𝟎. 𝟏 𝒑𝒐𝒖𝒏𝒅𝒔 for a week.
What’s More!

Read and analyze each situation very carefully. Answer the items as
required.
1. The area of a rotonda is 21.98 𝑠𝑞𝑢𝑎𝑟𝑒 𝑓𝑒𝑒𝑡. What is the length of its
diameter?
Hints: 𝐴𝑐𝑖𝑟𝑐𝑙𝑒 = 𝜋𝑟2, 2𝑟 = 𝑑, 𝜋 = 3.14

2. Find the volume of a Rubik’s cube if one of its sides measure


(𝑥 + 4) 𝑚𝑖𝑙𝑙𝑖𝑚𝑒𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑠.
Hint: 𝑉𝑐𝑢𝑏𝑒 = 𝑠3

3. Write the polynomial function, 𝑃(𝑥), with the zeros 2 of multiplicity


three and −1.
Hint: Write the zeros as factors.

4. A farmer has a poultry farm whose area is expressed by the


polynomial function (𝑥) = (8𝑥2 + 97𝑥 + 12) 𝑠𝑞𝑢𝑎𝑟𝑒 𝑚𝑒𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑠. What is
the actual land area of the poultry farm if 𝑥 = 3 𝑚𝑒𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑠?
Hint: Evaluate the function for the given length.

5. Annie went to the grocery and bought items which cost


𝐶(𝑥) = 5𝑥4 + 2𝑥3 + 4𝑥 + 18 𝑝𝑒𝑠𝑜𝑠. If x is 4.00 𝑝𝑒𝑠𝑜𝑠, how much did
Annie pay?
Hint: Evaluate the function for the given amount.

6. A car manufacturer determines that the company’s profit, P, can


be modeled by the function 𝑃(𝑥) = 𝑥4 + 2𝑥 – 3, where 𝑥 represents
the number of cars sold. What is the profit when 𝑥 = 200?
Hint: Evaluate the function for the given number of cars sold.
Answer Key

What I Know

1. A 6. B 11. C
2. A 7. C 12. C
3. B 8. C 13. D
4. A 9. B 14. A
5. A 10. A 15. A

What’s New

1. 16 𝑢𝑛𝑖𝑡𝑠
2. 16 𝑠𝑞𝑢𝑎𝑟𝑒 𝑢𝑛𝑖𝑡𝑠
3. (4𝑥3 − 16𝑥2 + 16𝑥) 𝑐𝑢𝑏𝑖𝑐 𝑢𝑛𝑖𝑡𝑠

What’s More

1. 5.29 𝑓𝑒𝑒𝑡 4. 𝐴(3) = 375 𝑠𝑞𝑢𝑎𝑟𝑒 𝑚𝑒𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑠


2. (𝑥3 + 12𝑥2 + 48𝑥 + 64) 𝑐𝑢𝑏𝑖𝑐 𝑓𝑒𝑒𝑡 5. 𝐶(4) = 1,442.00 𝑃𝑒𝑠𝑜𝑠
3. 𝑃(𝑥) = 𝑥4 − 5𝑥3 + 6𝑥2 + 4𝑥 − 8 6. 𝑃(200) = 1,600,000,397 𝑃𝑒𝑠𝑜𝑠

Solutions:
1. 5.29 𝑓𝑒𝑒𝑡 4. 𝐴(3) = 375 𝑠𝑞𝑢𝑎𝑟𝑒 𝑚𝑒𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑠
𝐴𝑐𝑖𝑟𝑐𝑙𝑒 = 𝜋𝑟2 𝐴(𝑥) = (8𝑥2 + 97𝑥 + 12) 𝑠𝑞. 𝑚𝑒𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑠
21.98 = 3.14𝑟2 𝐴(3) = (8(3)2 + 97(3) + 12) 𝑠𝑞. 𝑚𝑒𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑠
2
21.98 3.14𝑟 𝐴(3) = 375 𝑠𝑞𝑢𝑎𝑟𝑒 𝑚𝑒𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑠
3.14 = 3.14
√𝑟2 = √7
𝑟 = 2.6458 𝑓𝑒𝑒𝑡
𝑑 = 2𝑟 = 2(2.6458)
𝑑 = 5.29 𝑓𝑒𝑒𝑡

2. (𝑥3 + 12𝑥2 + 48𝑥 + 64) 𝑐𝑢. 𝑚𝑚 5. 𝐶(4) = 1,442.00 𝑝𝑒𝑠𝑜𝑠


𝑉𝑐𝑢𝑏𝑒 = 𝑠3 𝐶(𝑥) = 5𝑥4 + 2𝑥3 + 4𝑥 + 18
= (𝑥 + 4)3 𝐶(4) = 5(4)4 + 2(4)3 + 4(4) + 18
= (𝑥 + 4)(𝑥 + 4)(𝑥 + 4) 𝐶(4) = 1,442.00 𝑝𝑒𝑠𝑜𝑠
𝑉𝑐𝑢𝑏𝑒 = (𝑥3 + 12𝑥2 + 48𝑥 + 64) 𝑐𝑢. 𝑚𝑚
3. 𝑃(𝑥) = 𝑥4 − 5𝑥3 + 6𝑥2 + 4𝑥 − 8 6. 𝑃(200) = 1,600,000,397 𝑝𝑒𝑠𝑜𝑠
𝑥 = 2 𝑜𝑓 𝑚𝑢𝑙𝑡𝑖𝑝𝑙𝑖𝑐𝑖𝑡𝑦 3 → (𝑥 − 2), (𝑥 − 2), (𝑥 − 2) 𝑃(𝑥) = 𝑥4 + 2𝑥 − 3
𝑥 = −1 → 𝑥 + 1 𝑃(200) = 2004 + 2(200) − 3
𝑃(𝑥) = (𝑥 − 2)(𝑥 − 2)(𝑥 − 2)(𝑥 + 1) 𝑃(200) = 1,600,000,397 𝑝𝑒𝑠𝑜𝑠
= (𝑥3 − 6𝑥2 + 12𝑥 − 8)(𝑥 + 1)
𝑃(𝑥) = 𝑥4 − 5𝑥3 + 6𝑥2 + 4𝑥 − 8
What I Can Do

1. 𝑃(10) = 𝑧𝑒𝑟𝑜 𝑃𝑒𝑠𝑜𝑠


2. The company would have a profit of 2,000,000 𝑃𝑒𝑠𝑜𝑠.
3. The company will not have a revenue. Instead, it will lose
4,375,000 𝑃𝑒𝑠𝑜𝑠.
4. If I were the manager of the company, I would maintain 22
𝑏𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑐ℎ𝑒𝑠
to have the maximum profit of 2,112,000 𝑝𝑒𝑠𝑜𝑠.

Assessment

1. D 6. A 11. A
2. B 7. B 12. C
3. C 8. A 13. B
4. A 9. C 14. A
5. C 10. C 15. B

Additional Activity

1. a. 𝐶(50) = 165,000 2. a. 𝑅(7) = 15,096 𝑝𝑒𝑠𝑜𝑠


b. 𝐶(70) = 283,000 b. 𝑅(10) = 34,770 𝑝𝑒𝑠𝑜𝑠

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