Orca Share Media1674179053580 7022015901149063586
Orca Share Media1674179053580 7022015901149063586
College of Education
Liwanag, Odiongan, Romblon
Learning Module in
Team Sports
2nd Semester, AY: 2021-22
Volleyball
DANIEL M. FABELLO
Course Instructor
Introduction
This course is designed for the student’s acquisition of knowledge and skills in selected Team
sports including its latest official/standard rules, scientific playing skills necessary for instructions,
coaching & competitions.
Teamsports, a sport that involves competition between teams of players. “baseball is a team
sport but golf is not” type of: athletics, sport. an active diversion requiring physical exertion and
competition.
This course provides opportunities for the student to learn and improve physical skills. In
addition, students develop knowledge of rules, terminology, proper technique, and safety issues specific
to each particular activity.
Teamsports events like basketball, volleyball, softball, and others is designed to improve basic
playing skills, knowledge, working within the principles of team organization and to provide an awareness
of these events as a lifetime sport offering fun and physical fitness development and maintenance.
This module constitutes the content, exercises, sports events and activities of this course. As a
major subject for Bachelor of Physical Education, this course requires physical fitness, video presentation,
pictures, focus and in-depth understanding of concepts about Team sports. In every practical
demonstration, the students are encouraged to use alternative materials as their equipment in every sport
events. As BPED students, they are expected to be creative in all aspect and submit the module in the
given time and answer all exercises and activities honestly as future BPED Mentors.
On completion of the course students should identify the Team sports events. Acquire knowledge
on basic rules and scientific playing skills of the selected Team sports events; experience and enjoy
playing the Team sports events.
Further, students should understand through theory and practice the implications of and benefits
from participation in physical activity that leads to a healthy lifestyle and top positive social relationships.
Module 1
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Learning Outcomes:
DEFINITION
Basketball game is played by 2 teams of 5 players each. The aim of each team is to score
in the opponents' basket and to prevent the other team from scoring.
Winner of a game: The team that has scored the greater number of points at the end of
playing time shall be the winner.
HISTORY:
The game of basketball as it is known today was created by Dr. James Naismith in
December 1891 in Springfield, Massachusetts, to condition young athletes during cold months.
Naismith was 31 years old, a physical education instructor at YMCA International Training
School (now known as Springfield College) in Springfield, Massachusetts. Upon the request of
his boss, Naismith was tasked to create an indoor sports game to help athletes keep in shape in
cold weather. It consisted of peach baskets and a soccer style ball. He published 13 rules for
the new game. He divided his class of eighteen into two teams of nine players each and set
about to teach them the basics of his new game. The objective of the game was to throw the
basketball into the fruit baskets nailed to the lower railing of the gym balcony. Every time a
point was scored, the game was halted so the janitor could bring out a ladder and retrieve the
ball. After a while, the bottoms of the fruit baskets were removed. The first public basketball
game was played in Springfield, Massachusetts, on March 11, 1892.
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An illustration of a basketball game that accompanied Naismith's article from The Triangle in
1892 listing his 13 rules.
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13. The side making the most goals in that time shall be declared the winner. In the case of
a draw, the game may, by agreement of the captains, be continued until another goal is
made.
PLAYING COURT:
The length of a basketball court is 28 meters. The measurement can be reduced to 26 meters
for Premier, Club and Community courts where only smaller spaces are available.
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The width of the International-standard basketball court is usually 15 meters. The court can be
reduced by no more than 1 meter (14m) if required for lower levels of play.
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– Backboards: 1.80 meters wide, 1.05 meters deep, 2.90 meters from the floor
– Baskets comprising (pressure release) rings and nets; 3.05 meters (10 feet) high
– Backboard support structures including padding.
EQUIPMENT:
- A typical basketball
A basketball is a spherical ball used in basketball games. Basketballs usually range in size from
very small promotional items that are only a few inches (some centimeters) in diameter to
extra large balls nearly 2 feet (60 cm) in diameter used in training exercises. For example, a
youth basketball could be 27 inches (69 cm) in circumference, while a National Collegiate
Athletic Association (NCAA) men's ball would be a maximum of 30 inches (76 cm) and an NCAA
women's ball would be a maximum of 29 inches (74 cm). The standard for a basketball in
the National Basketball Association (NBA) is 29.5 inches (75 cm) in circumference and for
the Women's National Basketball Association (WNBA), a maximum circumference of 29 inches
(74 cm). High school and junior leagues normally use NCAA, NBA or WNBA sized balls.
– Game clock
– Scoreboard
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– Shot clock
– Stopwatch or suitable (visible) device (not the game clock) for timing time-outs;
– Scoresheet
– Buzzer
– Player foul markers
– Team foul markers
– Alternating possession arrow
PLAYING REGULATIONS:
1. Playing Time:
• 20 minutes before the game begin
• 10 minutes per quarter; 5 minutes for overtime;
• 2 minutes interval between 1st& second quarters, 3rd& 4th quarters;
• 15 minutes halftime period
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PLAYING VIOLATIONS:
1. Violation during jumpball:
• Tapping the ball more than twice
• Tapping the ball before it reaches the highest peak
• Contact on the ball other a tap. (forearm, closed fist, cradling, pushing)
• Catching the ball from a tap of the opponent
• Leaving the jumping position before the ball is legally tapped
• (non-jumpers) Entering the circle before the ball is legally tapped by any of the
jumper
2. Violations while progressing with the ball:
• Player and Ball out-of-Bounds
• Double Dribble
• Travelling**(Oct. 2017) just base it in the pivot foot
• Ball Returned to Back-court
• Deliberate kicking the ball
• Contacting the ball with a closed fist
3. Clock Related Violations
• 3 seconds
• 5 seconds (Closely Guarded )
• 8 seconds
• 24 seconds (shot clock)
4. Goal Tending and Goal Interference
• Offensive
• Defensive
5. Violation during throw-in:
• 5 seconds
• Stepping on the court
• Handing-in the ball
• Taking more than one (1) normal steps sideways
6. Violation during Free- Throw:
• 5 seconds
• Faking the free-throw
• Entering the restricted area before the ball touches the ring
• Stepping at the free-throw line
• (Jumpers) entering the restricted area before the ball leaves the hand(s) of the
free-thrower
• Disconcerting the free-thrower
FOULS:
Definition -A foul is an infraction of the rules concerning illegal personal contact with an
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opponent and/or unsportsmanlike behaviour.
Types of Fouls:
1. Personal Foul – with body contact
2. Technical Foul - unsportsmanlike behaviour; without body contact
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1. Dribbling
Dribbling is an important skill for all basketball players. This skill will allow you to move up and
down the court, maneuver past defenders and execute plays.
In dribbling, head downcourt, control the ball with fingers not palm, keep the ball in front to
the side of the body, keep eyes looking ahead, keep the ball below waist height and push the
ball hard into the floor. It is also best if you know how to dribble equally well with both hands.
Types of Dribbling:
a. Fast dribble (dribbling the ball from backcourt to frontcourt as fast as possible)
b. Cross-over dribble (to change direction) e.g. between legs, behind the back, turn around
c. Controlled Dribble
2. Shooting
In order to score points in basketball, you need to shoot the ball into the hoop. This requires
the ability to properly hold and throw the ball into the air toward the basket while avoiding
defenders. A proper shot requires precise aiming, arm extension and lift from the legs.
Different types of shots:
a. Jump shots
b. Lay-ups
c. Free throws (Set shot)
d. Slam Dunk
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Please visit these links for video showing:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ph3e45iAnUc – How to shoot perfectly
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aSqeWUuQSlM – Coby Bryant tips in shooting
3. Passing
Passing is another skill that when mastered can help you become a complete basketball
player. Basketball is a team sport that involves finding a teammate who is open for a shot.
The ability to pass the ball to this player can make the difference between scoring and not
scoring. Really great passers are an important part of a basketball team and usually the ones
who set up scoring plays.
Types of Passing:
a. Chest-Push pass
b. Bounce pass
c. Overhead pass
4. Running
Running is a big part of basketball. In a full-court game, you will find yourself running back and
forth as the game quickly transitions between offense and defense. When you have the ball,
running will help you to avoid defenders and get to the basket quicker. On defense, you often
will find yourself needing to run after the opponent, especially during fast breaks.
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Please visit this link for video showing:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=O_Z4gkyPNG0
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BASKETBALL TERMINOLOGY:
Airball - A basketball shot that misses everything; net, backboard, and rim.
Assist - A pass to another basketball player that leads directly to a made basket.
Block Out or Box Out - Getting your body between the basketball player and the basket to get a
rebound.
Blocked Shot - When a defensive basketball player makes contact with the basketball while another
player is shooting the ball.
Carry the Ball - similar to traveling. When a basketball player moves with the ball without properly
dribbling it.
Charging - an offensive foul which occurs when an offensive basketball player runs into a defender who
has established position.
Double Team - when two basketball teammates join efforts in guarding a single opponent.
Fast Break - a basketball play that begins with a defensive rebound by a player who immediately sends
an outlet pass toward midcourt to his waiting teammates; these teammates can sprint to their basket and
quickly shoot before enough opponents catch up to stop them.
Field Goal - when the basketball enters the basket from above during play; worth 2 points, or 3 points if
the shooter was standing behind the 3-point line.
Forwards - the two basketball players on the team that are responsible for rebounding and scoring close
up to the basket. They are usually taller than the guards.
Foul Lane - the painted area bordered by the end line and the foul line, outside which players must stand
during a free-throw; also the area an offensive basketball player cannot spend more than 3-seconds at a
time in.
Foul Line - the line 15' from the backboard and parallel to the end line from which basketball players
shoot free-throws.
Guards - the two basketball players who usually handle setting up plays and passing to teammates
closer to the basket.
Personal Foul - contact between basketball players that may result in injury or provide one team with an
unfair advantage; players may not push, hold, trip, hack, elbow, restrain or charge into an opponent.
Rebound - when a basketball player grabs a ball that is coming off the rim or backboard after a shot
attempt; see offensive rebound and defensive rebound.
Screen - when the offensive basketball player stands between a teammate and a defender to give his
teammate the chance to take an open shot.
Shot Clock - a clock that limits the time a team with the basketball has to shoot it to a given amount of
time.
Traveling - when the ball handler takes too many steps without dribbling; also called walking.
Turnover - when the offense loses possession through its own fault by passing the basketball out of
bounds or committing a floor violation.
Zone Defense - a defense where each defender is responsible for an area of the court and must guard
any player who enters that area.
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Activity!
TASK 1: Enumeration and explanation!
Directions: Enumerate the playing skills of basketball on the space provided and write your short
explanation how to do those skills in playing basketball.
Playing Skills:
1. _________________________________-
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
2. _________________________________-
______________________________________________________________________
_________________________________-
3. ______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
4. _________________________________-
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
5. _________________________________-
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
6. _________________________________-
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
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TASK 2: Practical Demonstration!
Directions: Execute/demonstrate the basic skills in playing basketball. Attach your personal picture on
the box provided, and submit video clippings while executing the skills in 3 times repetition.
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TASK 3: Reflective Essay!
Directions: Write reflective essay about playing 2x2 or 3x3 basketball on a half-court. Attached your
picture during the game with your opponent. Send recorded video clipping while playing for at least 30-60
seconds. (Note: Choose family members or close friends as your team mate and opponent)
Reflection:
____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
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Module 2
Volleyball
Learning Outcomes:
Learning Objectives:
1. Draw/sketch the volleyball court
2. Enumerate the basic playing skills of volleyball.
3. Identify your favorite among the skills and explain why.
DEFINITION:
Volleyball, game played by two teams, usually of six players on a side, in which the players use
their hands to bat a ball back and forth over a high net, trying to make the ball touch the court
within the opponents’ playing area before it can be returned.
History
Volleyball was invented in 1895 by William G. Morgan, physical director of the Young Men’s
Christian Association (YMCA) in Holyoke, Massachusetts. It was designed as an indoor sport for
businessmen who found the new game of basketball too vigorous. Morgan called the sport
“mintonette,” until a professor from Springfield College in Massachusetts noted the volleying
nature of play and proposed the name of “volleyball.”
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PLAYING COURT
The playing court is 18m long and 9m wide and is surrounded by a free zone 3m wide on all
sides. The space above the playing area is known as the free playing space and is a minimum of
7m high from the playing surface.
All lines on the court are 5cm wide and are a light colour different from the colour of the floor.
The front zone on each court is limited by the axis of the center line and the rear edge of the
attack line. The front zone extends beyond the side lines to the end of the free zone.
The service zone is a 9m wide area behind each end line and extends to the end of the free
zone. It is 15cm long and drawn 20cm behind the end line as an extension of the side lines.
The substitution zone extends from both attack lines to the scorer’s table.
The Libero Replacement zone is part of the free zone on the same side as the team benches,
extending from the attack line up to the end line.
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Equipment:
1. The Ball
The ball shall be spherical, made of a flexible leather or synthetic leather case with a bladder
inside, made of rubber or a similar material. Its colour may be a uniform light colour or a
combination of colours. Its circumference is 65-67 cm and its weight is 260-280 g. Its inside
pressure shall be 0.30 to 0.325 kg/cm2
The net is 1 m wide and 9.50 to 10 m long (with 25 to 50 cm on each side of the side bands),
made of 10 cm square black mesh.
An antenna is a flexible rod, 1.80 m long and 10 mm in diameter, made of fibreglass or similar
material. The antennae are placed on opposite sides of the net. The top 80 cm of each antenna
extends above the net and is marked with 10 cm stripes of contrasting colour, preferably red
and white. The antennae are considered as part of the net and laterally delimit the crossing
space.
3. Player’s Equipment
a. Knee Pads
Knee pads prevent injuries. They work well to prevent bruising and burns. All
knee pads must fit comfortably around the leg area.
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a. Ankle Braces
It prevent sprained ankle especially when setting the ball, at the time of
frequent under-the-net contact.
b. Proper Footwear
Mens and womens volleyball shoes are essential gear for the game. These
shoes contain a gum rubber sole to provide maximum traction.
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6 players on the floor at any one time - 3 in the front row and 3 in the back row
Maximum of 3 hits per side
Points are made on every serve for wining team of rally (rally-point scoring).
Player may not hit the ball twice in succession. (A block is not considered a hit.)
Ball may be played off the net during a volley and on a serve.
A ball hitting a boundary line is in.
A ball is out if it hits an antennae, the floor completely outside the court, any of the net
or cables outside the antennae, the referee stand or pole, the ceiling above a non-
playable area
It is legal to contact the ball with any part of a player’s body.
It is illegal to catch, hold or throw the ball.
A player cannot block or attack a serve from on or inside the attack zone.
After the serve, front-line players may switch positions at the net.
A team may request two (2) Time out of 30 seconds per set.
A team may request a substitution for not more than six (6) times every set. ( entrance
of the Libero is not counted as substitution)
Each team has the right to designate from the list of players on the score sheet up to
two specialist defensive players: Liberos. Only one Libero may be on court at any time.
Libero may not serve, block and spike.
Matches are made up of sets; the number depends on level of play. 3-set matches are 2
sets to 25 points and a third set to 15. Each set must be won by two points. The winner
is the first team to win 2 sets. 5-set matches are 4 sets to 25 points and fifth set to 15.
The team must win by 2 unless tournament rules dictate otherwise. The winner is the
first team to win three sets.
COMMON VIOLATIONS:
1. During Service:
a. Delay in service (8 seconds)
b. Illegal service (illegal contact with the ball)
c. Illegal server (rotational fault)
d. Stepping on the boundary lines of the service zone
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3. Other violations:
a. Touching the net and its supports (cord and posts)
b. Invading (Entering the opponent’s court
c. Positional fault (illegal switching)
d. Illegal substitution
e. Delaying the game
f. Ball in
g. Ball out
A good defensive stance when waiting to pass the ball is to have bent knees, body leaning
forward at the waist with the weight of the body slightly forward, and arms bent out in front but
hands not clasped together. Don’t just swing your arms at the ball – aim your pass by point your
hands and shoulders in the direction you’d like the ball to go.
2. Volleying
A volley is a more generic term that means contacting the ball as an overhead pass with your
hands (mostly your fingers). A set is actually a type of volley.
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A volley can be used on your own side of the court, or it can be used as an offensive way of
getting the ball back over the net.
Put your hands up over your head, with your index fingers almost touching your forehead and
your thumbs and index fingers shaping into almost a diamond – that’s the starting point for an
overhead pass.
3. Setting
A set is a specialized type of volley. It’s usually the second hit, and it’s intended to set up one of
your teammates to attack the ball.
The setter is a specialized position, which means there’s one player whose job it is to try to set
every ball.
4. Attacking
While spiking is the most glamourous and well-known type of attack, there are actually other
ways to deliver an offensive play as well.
Hitting or spiking is when a player jumps up and hits the ball with a one-armed overhead
swinging motion, contacting the ball squarely with their slightly open hand. The intent of a hit is
pure power – jumping helps generate more power and momentum.
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A tip is similar to a hit in technique, but instead of powering the ball as hard as possible, the
attacker simply pokes at the ball to “tip” it over the net.
5. Diving
Diving is basically crashing to the floor in an all-out attempt to keep the ball from touching the
floor. Okay, it’s not really about crashing to the floor… using a good technique will not only
help you save your body some aches and pains, but using some skill and coordination means you
have a better chance of actually keeping the ball in play.
6. Blocking
A block is a defensive play when a player jumps at the net to block the hit from coming onto
their team’s side of the net. The key secret to blocking is timing.
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7. Serving
Every play in volleyball starts with a serve. Serving is the only time in the game that you start
with full control of the ball. A player can choose to serve over or underhand.
VOLLEYBALL TERMINOLOGY:
Ace: A serve that results directly in a point, usually when the ball hits the floor untouched on the
receiving team’s side of the court.
Attacker: Also “hitter” and “spiker.” A player who attempts to hit a ball offensively with the purpose of
terminating play.
Attack Line: A line 3 meters/10 feet away from, and parallel to, the net. Separates the front-row players
from the back-row players. A back-row player cannot legally attack the ball above the net unless he
takes off from behind this line
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Back row/court: Space from baseline (endline) to attack line. There are 3 players whose court positions
are in this area (positions 1, 6 & 5 on court)
Back Row Attack: When a back-row player takes off from behind the attack line (10-foot/3-meter) line
and attacks the ball. Various terms A-B-C-D-PIPE-BIC.
Center line: The boundary that runs under the net and divides the court into two equal halves.
Cross-court attack: An attack directed diagonally from the point of attack. Also called an angle hit.
Defense: One of the 6 basic skills. The key skills used to receive the opponent's attack are digging and
sprawling. The dig resembles a forearm pass from a low ready position and is used more for balls that
are hit near the defender. The sprawl is a result of an attempted dig for a ball hit farther away from the
defender. It resembles a dive.
Double block: Two players working in unison to intercept a ball at the net.
Five-One (5-1): An offensive system that uses five hitters and one setter.
Four-Two (4-2): An offensive system using four hitters and two setters.
Front-row: Three players whose court position is in front of the attack line (3M/10 Foot), near the net.
These players are in positions 2, 3 & 4 on the court.
Held ball: A ball that comes to rest during contact resulting in a violation.
Jump serve: The server uses an approach, toss, takeoff and serves the ball with a spiking motion while in
the air. There are two main types: jump float, jump spin.
Libero: A player specialized in defensive skills. This player must wear a contrasting jersey color from his
or her teammates and cannot block or attack the ball when it is entirely above net height. When the ball
is not in play, the libero can replace any back-row player without prior notice to the officials.
Mintonette: The original name of the game of volleyball, created by William Morgan.
Outside hitter: Usually plays at the ends of the net when in the front row. Also called right-side
(opposite) or left side (power).
Overhand pass: A pass with both hands open that is controlled by the fingers, with the face below the
ball. Both hands simultaneously contact the ball above the head and direct it to the intended target.
Overhand serve: Serving the ball and striking it with the hand above the shoulder. Float or spin.
Penetration: The blocker’s ability to reach over the net above the opponent’s court.
Rally scoring: Scoring method where points can be won by the serving or receiving team.
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Rotation: The clockwise movement of players around the court and through the serving position
following a side out. Players must retain their initial rotational order throughout
Serve: One of the 6 basic skills. Used to put the ball into play. It is the only skill controlled exclusively by
one player.
Set: One of the 6 basic skills. The tactical skill in which a ball is directed to a point where a player can
spike it into the opponent’s court. Sets can be set at different heights and different locations on the net
and offensively there are names for each of these. First number is location on net and second number
height of set. (Example: 13.) Sets can also be named.
Set attack: When a setter attempts to score rather than set the ball to a setter. Also called a shoot set.
Setter: The second passer whose job it is to position a pass to the hitter.
Side out: Change of service when a serving team has failed to score a point. Occurs when the receiving
team successfully puts the ball away against the serving team, or when the serving team commits an
unforced error.
Six-two (6-2): An offense with four spikers and two spiker/setters. Setter comes from the back row.
Spike: Also called a hit or attack. A ball contacted with force by a player on the offensive team who
intends to terminate the ball on the opponent’s floor or off the opponent’s blocker.
Switch: To change court positions after a ball is served to facilitate strongest player positions.
Underhand serve: A serve performed with an underhand striking action. The ball is usually contacted
with the heel of the hand.
Yellow Card: Given by the official to a player or coach as a warning of misconduct. Two yellow cards
result in an automatic red card.
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Activity!
TASK 1: Volleyball Court
Directions: Sketch (not copy-paste) a volleyball court, specify its dimension/measurement and
identify/name the following lines and areas:
1. Width of the court 6. Center line
2. Length of the court 7. Attack line
3. Service zone 8. Attack area
4. Back boundary line 9. Back court zone
5. Sideline boundary lines 10. Distance of the attack line from center line
1. _____________________________________
2. _____________________________________
3. _____________________________________
4. _____________________________________
5. _____________________________________
6. _____________________________________
7. _____________________________________
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B. My volleyball skill. ____________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
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Spiking Blocking
Reflections:
____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
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Module 3
Softball
Learning Outcomes:
Learning Objectives:
1. Draw/sketch the softball diamond
2. Enumerate the basic playing skills of softball.
3. Identify your favorite among the skills and explain why.
Concept!
DEFINITION:
Softball is played by two teams of 9 players each who try to score more runs than their
opponent by rounding the bases and crossing home plate as many times as possible. The
batting team stays up to bat until the fielding team puts out 3 batters. Softball, a variant
of baseball and a popular participant sport, particularly in the United States.
HISTORY of SOFTBALL:
Although many people assume that softball was derived from baseball, the sport’s first game actually
came about because of a football game. The history of softball dates back to Thanksgiving Day of 1887,
when several alumni sat in the Chicago, Illinois Farragut Boat Club, anxiously awaiting the outcome of
the Yale versus Harvard football game. When Yale was announced as winner, a Yale alumnus playfully
threw a boxing glove at a Harvard supporter. The Harvard fan swung at the balled-up glove with a stick,
and the rest of the group looked on with interest. George Hancock, a reporter for the Chicago Board of
Trade, jokingly called out, “Play ball!” and the first softball game commenced with the football fans
using the boxing glove as a ball and a broom handle in place of a bat.
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SOFTBALL DIAMOND:
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PLAYER’S EQUIPMENT and GEAR:
1. Bat
The bat is made up of wood, aluminum or from metals. The shape of the bat is like a cylinder
and its diameter is 6 inches. The length of the bat varies but it cannot be greater than 86 cm.
The diameter of the barrel is 2¼ inches. The weight of the bat is 1.2 kilograms.
2. Ball
As the name of the sport is softball, a ball is the centre of the game. But despite its name, the
ball which is used is not soft. Softball is derived from the famous American sport baseball
which is mainly played by men. But softball is meant for women. As this sport is mainly
dominated by women, the name of the game is softball.
3. Gloves
In American Softball Association, the size of the gloves cannot exceed 36 centimeters. In
softball matches, all defensive players wear fielding gloves. But there are normally different
size of gloves available for players at different positions on the field.
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4. Uniform
Uniforms include helmets, head bands, visors, caps, shoes, shocks, shirt and pant, tight sliding
undershorts etc.
For female players, uniforms like headbands and caps are optional.
5. Batting Helmet: The most important piece of safety equipment in softball is the batting
helmet. Softball helmets help to distribute the forces of any ball that strikes the batter's
head.
6. Catcher's Equipment: Softball catchers must wear helmets with face guards and throat
protectors, body protection (chest protectors) and shin guards that reach up above the
knees. Failure to wear full body protection while catching can result in serious injuries.
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SOFTBALL PLAYING RULES:
Starting Play-
The visiting team bats first while the home team starts out in the field on defense. Each fielder lines up
in one of the 9 fielding positions. The first batter steps into the batter’s box and prepares to hit the pitch.
Positions-
Fielding players line up in the following positions:
Pitcher – on the pitching rubber
Catcher - behind home plate
1st Baseman
2nd Baseman
3rd Baseman
Shortstop – between 2nd and 3rd base
Leftfielder – outfield between 2nd and 3rd base
Centerfielder – outfield behind 2nd base
Right fielder – outfield between 1st and 2nd base
Batting -
There is a batter’s box on both sides of home plate. The batter may choose which side of the plate to hit
from, but both of her feet must be inside the box. They attempts to score runs by hitting the ball when
it’s pitched to them. The batter may continue to hit until they: Hit the ball in fair territory, get 3 strikes,
or get 4 balls.
Strikes-
The strike zone is the area between the batter’s shoulders and knees. A "strike" is called when the
batter:
Fails to swing at a pitch that crosses the plate in the strike zone,
swings at a pitch and misses,
hits the ball out of bounds with fewer than two strikes against them.
Once they get 3 strikes they’re out, and the next batter comes up to the plate.
A batter can’t strike out on a foul ball. If they have two strikes, there’s no limit to the
number of foul balls they’re allowed to hit. They can only strike out on a swing and miss
or a ball they fail to swing at in the strike zone.
Balls-
A "ball" is a pitch that is delivered outside of the strike zone that is not struck at by the batter. If a batter
receives 4 balls, she gets to walk to first base.
Runner-
The batter becomes a runner when:
They hit a ball in fair territory and runs to first base, walks after 4 balls, or hit by a pitch.
A runner may overrun 1st base when she hits the ball as long as she turns out of bounds
after she passes the base.
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Runners may not overrun any other base. If they do and are tagged while they are off
the base, they are out.
Duration-
A standard game lasts 7 innings.
Scoring-
The team that scores the most runs is the winner.
A run is scored when a base runner rounds all of the bases by stepping on each one in order from 1st,
2nd, 3rd, and crosses home plate.
If the ball is hit over the outfield fence in fair territory, it is considered a home run and the batter has a
free trip all the way around the bases until she crosses home plate.
Double play –
When 2 players get out on the same play.
Steal –
When a runner runs to the next base without the ball being hit. The runner may not
leave the base until after the pitcher releases the ball. The runner is out if she is tagged
with the ball before reaching the base.
Tagging up –
When a fielder catches a fly ball, a runner cannot leave the base until after the ball hits
the fielder’s glove. If they leave the base too early, they have to go back and touch the
base before they can run to the next base. If the ball gets to the base before they return
to tag up, they are out.
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The right catching skills allow a player not only to catch the ball without getting hurt but also to
position him to throw the ball precisely. The fact is that catching and throwing are two of the
fundamental defensive skills in softball. The ability to catch and throw a ball is very important
as this enables a player to throw out a baserunner who is attempting to advance to the next
base.
https://www.rushordertees.com/blog/fun-softball-practice-drills-team-building-exercises/-
Catching Drills video
2. Throwing
Throwing is one of the two most important defensive skills a player must learn in softball. A
quick and accurate throw can make it hard for the opposing team to advance their runners or
make a score. Softball players should practice the right throwing technique in order to hit their
targets quickly, precisely and consistently.
3. Fielding
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Fielding is another essential defensive skill that a softball team must master. Good team fielding
makes it difficult for the opposition to score runs. Players are drilled on the right way of fielding
a ball that is hit on the ground as well as in the air. Fielding drills also involve knowing where to
throw the ball. Many times fielders must rehearse particular plays so they will know where to
throw the ball if it is hit to them.
4. Pitching
In softball, a pitch is the act of throwing a ball underhand by using a windmill motion.
The pitcher will throw the ball towards home plate to a catcher to start the play. The
pitcher will attempt to strike out the batter or prevent the batters from getting on the
bases.
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Hitting is probably the most challenging and enjoyable skill to learn in softball. Hitting a small
ball with a rounded bat out to a particular area - in the split of a second - is a technique that
softball players must continually practice and perfect. A good hit requires hand-eye
coordination, quick reaction time, right technique and confidence.
6. Base Running
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Excellent base running is not just about speed, it is also about smart running. Even more
important than simply moving around the bases is the wisdom to evaluate the current game
situation. A wily base runner takes into consideration the number of outs and the fielding
placements of the opposition. Fast and smart base running puts great pressure on the
defensive team.
In softball, where running and sliding are often done, a good pair of softball cleats and a trusty
pair of supportive, moisture-wicking softball socks are essential items.
SOFTBALL TERMINOLOGY:
Ball – as called by the umpire, a pitch that does not enter the strike zone in flight and is not
struck at by the batter
Base – one of four points on the infield that must be touched by a runner in order to score a
run. Also applies to the rubber or canvas bags comprising first, second, and third base, as well
as the hard plastic or rubber plate known as home plate.
Baseline – the area between each base along which the base runner must generally run
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Batter – also known as “hitter”; an offensive player who takes his/her position in the batter’s
box to try to hit the pitch
Batter’s box – a rectangular area beside home plate where the batter must stand to hit the
pitch
Batting order – the official list giving the sequence in which members of the (offensive) team
must come to bat
Catcher – defensive player who normally positions him/herself behind home plate and receives
pitches
Center fielder – the defensive player positioned near the middle of the outfield
Defensive team – the nine players in the field (pitcher, catcher, 1st, 2nd, & 3rd basemen,
shortstop, and left, center, and right fielders)
Fielder – any one of the nine players on the defensive team (pitcher, catcher, 1st, 2nd, & 3rd
basemen, shortstop, and left, center, and right fielders)
First baseman – the defensive player in the portion of the infield near the bag that the batter
will initially run to (invisible line goes from catcher to first baseman to right fielder)
Foul ball – a batted ball that settles on foul territory between home and first base, or between
home and third base, or that bounds past first or third base on or over foul territory, or that
first falls on foul territory beyond first or third base, or that, while on or over foul territory,
touches the person of an umpire or player, or any foreign object to the natural ground; A foul
fly shall be judged according to the
relative position of the ball and the foul line, including the foul pole, and not as to whether the
infielder is on foul or fair territory at the time he/she touches the ball.
Foul lines – the two straight lines extending from home plate past the outside edges of first and
third bases to the outfield fence
Foul tip – a batted ball that goes sharply and directly from the bat to the catcher’s hands and is
legally caught. It is not a foul tip unless caught, and any foul tip that is caught is a strike, and the
ball is in play. It is not a catch if it is a rebound, unless the ball has first touched the catcher’s
glove or hand
Hit – when a batter reaches first base (or any succeeding base) safely on a fair ball which settles
on the ground or touches a fence before being touched by a fielder, or which clears a fence;
when a batter reaches first base safely on a fair ball hit with such force, or so slowly, that any
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fielder attempting to make a play with it has no opportunity to do so; when a batter reaches
first base safely on a fair ball which takes an unusual bounce so that a fielder cannot handle it
with ordinary effort.
Home plate – the five-sided piece of whitened rubber that the batter stands beside to hit the
pitch
Homerun – a safe hit, when no error or putout results, which allows the batter to reach all four
bases and score a run; usually a fly ball in fair territory which goes over the outfield fence
Infield – the diamond-shaped area in fair territory formed by the three bases and home plate
that is normally covered by defensive players (known as infielders)
Inning – that portion of the game within which the teams alternate on offense and defense and
in which there are three putouts for each team. Each team’s at-bat comprises a half-inning
Left fielder – the defensive player in the outfield closest to the third base foul line
Offensive team – the team that is at bat
Pitcher – the player who throws the ball to the batterright fielder – the defensive player in the
outfield closest to the first base foul line
Run – the point scored when a batter or base runner advances to home plate
Rover – a tenth (10th) defensive player used in some recreational leagues. The Rover plays
exclusively in the outfield, and while he or she can move around the outfield the Rover
generally plays either between Right Field and Centre Field, or between Left Field and Centre
Field depending on the Batter
Shortstop – a defensive player who normally positions him/herself in fair territory between
second base and the third baseman
Single – a hit that allows a batter to reach first base safely
Strikeout – when a batter is put out by a third strike caught by the catcher; a batter is put out
by a third strike not caught when there is a runner on first before two are out; a batter becomes
a runner because a third strike is not caught; a batter bunts a ball into foul territory after two
strikes (unless such a bunt results in a fly ball, which is caught by any fielder. This is not
considered a strikeout, but a putout by the fielder)
Strike zone – the space over any part of home plate between the batter’s armpits and the top
of his/her knees when he/she assumes a natural batting stance
Strike – as called by the umpire, a pitch that enters the strike zone in flight and is not struck at
by the batter; a pitch that a batter swings at and misses; a foul ball
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Third baseman – the defensive player in the infield stationed near the last bag that a base
runner would touch before heading for home plate (invisible line goes from catcher to third
baseman to left fielder)
Walk – also called base on balls (BB); an automatic advance to first base for the batter after the
pitcher delivers four “balls” as called by the umpire, based on their being outside the strike
zone
Activity!
TASK 1: Softball Diamond
Directions: Sketch (not copy-paste) a softball diamond, specify its dimension/measurement and
identify/name the following lines and areas:
1. Distance of Pitching plate from home base 6. Third Base
2. Distance of each bases 7. Foul line
3. Home plate 8. Batter’s Box
4. First Base 9. Coach Box
5. Second Base 10. On Deck Circle
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TASK 2: My kind of Softball playing skills
Directions: Enumerate the softball playing skills and choose one (1) skill that is suited for you and
explain why?
1. _____________________________________
2. _____________________________________
3. _____________________________________
4. _____________________________________
5. _____________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
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Catching a rolling ball Catching a Chest level ball
Pitching Batting
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Reflections:
____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
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https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OEkDXHoqtcE – Batting drills (video)
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=leDfLWdAZQk – Hitting drills (video)
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eVCDvYlF9r0 – Baserunning drills (video)
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=awBfD3Fm-y4 – Baserunning drills (video)
https://softballontario.ca/softball-terminology/
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