NATIVITY GIRLS CATHOLIC SCHOOL (NGCS)

Name __________________________________ grade 12 section ____ subject physics unit 1 year 2015 E.C
Date ___________________________________ Quarter 1 worksheet #1 topic 2nd law of thermodynamics
Workout the following problems
1. A Carnot engine whose low-temperature reservoir is at 170C has an efficiency of 40%. By how much
should the temperature of the high-temperature reservoir be increased to increase the efficiency to 50%?

2. A Carnot engine absorbs 52 kJ as heat and exhausts 36 kJ as heat in each cycle. Calculate (a) the
engine’s efficiency and (b) the work done per cycle in kilojoules.

3. A Carnot engine has an efficiency of 22.0%. It operates between constant-temperature reservoirs

4. A Carnot engine operates between 235 0C and 115 0C, absorbing 6.30 x104 J per cycle at the higher
temperature. (a) What is the efficiency of the engine? (b) How much work per cycle is this engine
capable of performing?

5. A heat pump is used to keep a house warm at 22°C. How much work is required of the pump to
deliver 3100 J of heat into the house if the outdoor temperature is (a) 0°C, (b) -150C ? Assume ideal
(Carnot) behaviour.

6. A Carnot air conditioner takes energy from the thermal energy of a room at 70 F and transfers it as
heat to the outdoors, which is at 96 0F. For each joule of electric energy required to operate the air
conditioner, how many joules are removed from the room?

7. The electric motor of a heat pump transfers energy as heat from the outdoors, which is at -5.00C, to a room
that is at 17 0C. If the heat pump were a Carnot heat pump (a Carnot engine working in reverse), how
much energy would be transferred as heat to the room for each joule of electric energy consumed?

8. The cycle in Fig. 20-31 represents the operation of a petrol (otto) internal combustion engine. Volume
V 3= 4.00V 1. Assume the gasoline– air intake mixture is an ideal gas with γ =1.30. What are the ratios
T2 T3 T4 p3 p4
(a) , (b) , (c) , (d) , and (e) ? (f) What is the engine efficiency?
T1 T1 T1 p1 p1
P

3p 1 2

p1 1 3

V1 3V1 V

9. How much work must be done by a Carnot refrigerator to transfer 1.0J as heat (a) from a reservoir at
7.00C to one at 270C, (b) from a reservoir at -730C to one at 270C, (c) from a reservoir at -1730C to one
at 270C, and (d) from a reservoir at -2230C to one at 270C?

10. A Carnot air conditioner takes energy from the thermal energy of a room at 70 0F and transfers it as
heat to the outdoors, which is at 960F. For each joule of electric energy required to operate the air
conditioner, how many joules are removed from the room?

11. A restaurant refrigerator has a coefficient of performance of 5.0. If the temperature in the kitchen
outside the refrigerator is 32°C, what is the lowest temperature that could be obtained inside the
refrigerator if it were ideal?

12. What is the change in entropy of 1 mol of water at 0°C when it is frozen to ice at 0°C?
13. The temperature of 2.0mol of an ideal diatomic gas goes from 25°C to 55°C at a constant volume.
What is the change in entropy?

14. An ideal gas expands isothermally (T=410K) from a volume of 2.50 L and a pressure of 7.5 atm to a
pressure of 1.0 atm. What is the entropy change for this process?

15. A Carnot engine whose high-temperature reservoir is at 620 K takes in 550 J of heat at this
temperature in each cycle and gives up 335 J to the low-temperature reservoir. (a) How much
mechanical work does the engine perform during each cycle? (b) What is the temperature of the low-
temperature reservoir? (c) What is the thermal efficiency of the cycle?

16. A Carnot engine is operated between two heat reservoirs at temperatures of 520 K and 300 K. (a) If
the engine receives 6.45 kJ of heat energy from the reservoir at 520 K in each cycle, how many joules
per cycle does it discard to the reservoir at 300 K? (b) How much mechanical work is performed by
the engine during each cycle? (c) What is the thermal efficiency of the engine?

17. A Carnot heat engine has a thermal efficiency of 0.600, and the temperature of its hot reservoir is 800
K. If 3000 J of heat is rejected to the cold reservoir in one cycle, what is the work output of the engine
during one cycle?

18. A refrigerator has a coefficient of performance of 2.10. In each cycle it absorbs 3.4x 104 J of heat from
the cold reservoir. (a) How much mechanical energy is required each cycle to operate the refrigerator?
(b) During each cycle, how much heat is discarded to the high-temperature reservoir?

19. A diesel engine performs 2200 J of mechanical work and discards 4300 J of heat each cycle. (a) How
much heat must be supplied to the engine in each cycle? (b) What is the thermal efficiency of the
engine?

20. An aircraft engine takes in 9000 J of heat and discards 6400 J each cycle. (a) What is the mechanical
work output of the engine during one cycle? (b) What is the thermal efficiency of the engine?

21. One mole of an ideal monatomic gas at an initial volume V1 = 25 L follows the cycle shown in Figure
19-15. All the processes arequasistatic . Find (a) the temperature of each state of the cycle, (b) the heat
flow for each part of the cycle, and (c) the efficiency of the cycle.
P ( Kpa )

200 2

100 1 3

V1 2V1 V ( L)
22. The heat engine shown in fig. drawn below uses 0.020 mole of a diatomic gas as the working
substance. a. Determine T1, T2, and T3. b. Make a table that shows ∆ U, ∆ W, and ∆ Q for each of the
three processes. c. What is the engine’s thermal efficiency?
P ( Kpa )

400

100

1000 V max V (cm 3)