This project has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020

research and innovation program under grant agreement No 792059

Oct. 28th
PV Tracker – Design and Control
INTRODUCTION
(10:00-12:00)
PV TRACKER – DESIGN & CONTROL - Convert Italia -

General Topics Speaker Time

Introduction to Tracker Device for PV plant.
Mono axial tracker Concept Design: G. Demofonti 10 min
performances vs reliability

Structural Design of mono axial tracker A. Ricci 20 min

Structural Design of mono axial tracker:

A. Ricci 20 min
Wind Loads and Aerodynamic design

Questions & Answers All 10 min

Criteria for the evaluation of corrosion resistant of
G. Demofonti 20 min
tracker operating in aggressive environment
Electronic control board and powering system of
A. Timidei 15 min
mono axial tracker
Failure modes, Qualification of tracker and
G. Demofonti 15 min
Maintenance actions
Questions & Answers All 10 min
GoPV Project | 1st TRAINING COURSES
TECHNICAL FOCUS ON FUTURE SOLAR PV SYSTEMS

October 26-29th 2020

 Introduction to Tracker Device for PV plant.
Performances/Reliability Vs LOCE

Specific Topics:
1. Introduction to Tracker System for PV plant

2. Basic performances and reliability required to a single-axis tracker in relation to service

conditions, environments and expected life of the PV plant.

3. Presentation of solutions developed in GOPV project

Speaker:
Giuseppe Demofonti, Convert Italia

Time: 10 minutes
GoPV Project | 1st TRAINING COURSES
TECHNICAL FOCUS ON FUTURE SOLAR PV SYSTEMS

October 26-29th 2020

 Introduction to Tracker Device for PV plant.

• The productivity of PV modules depends, in general, on their inclination with respect to the sun.
• From the beginning of PV technology, many efforts have been spent to develop devices able to change the
TRACKER orientation of the module surface.
• Single or double axis trackers have been developed instead of fixed oriented structures.

Concentrated Photovoltaics panel

GoPV Project | 1st TRAINING COURSES

Standard Photovoltaics panel TECHNICAL FOCUS ON FUTURE SOLAR PV SYSTEMS

October 26-29th 2020

Introduction to Tracker Device for PV plant.

Horizontal single axis tracker

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TECHNICAL FOCUS ON FUTURE SOLAR PV SYSTEMS

October 26-29th 2020

 Single axial tracker in large PV utility plants

SINGLE AXIS TRACKER

• The costs/benefits balance in large PV plants of standard

PV modules identified the horizontal single axis tracker
as best compromise: with a reasonable increase of
CAPEX and OPEX costs, it allows to increase
productivity by 20-30%.

• This potential is driving a growing interest for PV

horizontal single axis trackers with strong and fast
increase in market share over the coming years: more of
50% of market in 2021

GoPV Project | 1st TRAINING COURSES

TECHNICAL FOCUS ON FUTURE SOLAR PV SYSTEMS

October 26-29th 2020

 Horizontal single axis tracker.

Key tracker components

What are the key components?

Steel structure

Driving devices
/ Actuator

Control board /
Power system
GoPV Project | 1st TRAINING COURSES
TECHNICAL FOCUS ON FUTURE SOLAR PV SYSTEMS

October 26-29th 2020

 Technical requirements for horizontal single axis tracker
Good reliability in relation to the hazards from the environment
vs
Low LCOE
Hazards from the environment : Appropriate Design:
➢ External loads: wind, snow,…. ➢ Use of consolidate knowhow about the steel structure design;
➢ Use of available international standard and certification codes,
➢ Ground movements: landslide, earthquake, ….
➢ Accurate models for loads- tracker interaction:
➢ Weather events: lightning strikes, storms,…. • Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) Analysis
➢ Time: aging, gear wear of driving devices, … • Finite element stress-strain analysis of tracker steel critical
components.
➢ Aggressive environment: corrosion,….
➢ Full and Mid-scale lab test:
• Wind-tunnel test
• Tests in climatic chambers on electronic /electromechanical
components,
➢ Appropriate use of available field experiences
GoPV Project | 1st TRAINING COURSES
TECHNICAL FOCUS ON FUTURE SOLAR PV SYSTEMS

October 26-29th 2020

 Horizontal single axis tracker for bifacial modules

The new horizontal single axis tracker for bifacial modules should ensure a significant contribution of reflected
light on the back of the PV module.
A new architecture of the tracker is needed: from single module to double module in portrait configuration
The overall height of the tracker is more than doubled, with consequent greater effect of external loads on
the stability of the tracker, in particular wind loads.

GoPV Project | 1st TRAINING COURSES

TECHNICAL FOCUS ON FUTURE SOLAR PV SYSTEMS

October 26-29th 2020

 GOPV project: Goals concerning Tracker Device
Reduction of the Levelized Cost Of Electricity LCOE by:
➢ Contribution for increasing the yearly producible at the string level up to 2430 kWh/kWp:
New tracker design and tracking strategy focused on the use of bifacial modules

➢ Decreasing tracker cost down to 0,11€/W:

AIMS Use of lower cost structure materials/coiting: Weathering steel or Glass Fiber Reinforced
Polymer instead of HDG steel or Sendzimir galvanized steel

➢ Extending service lifetime of the tracker up to 35 years:

Improving existing know how for correctly predict the corrosion behavior and aging of
Weathering steel in specific environment

A pre-series of new tracker solutions will be available for

FINAL OUTPUT
“Integrated PV System Demonstration”
GoPV Project | 1st TRAINING COURSES
TECHNICAL FOCUS ON FUTURE SOLAR PV SYSTEMS

October 26-29th 2020

 GOPV Tracker Main Features

CONCEPT DESIGN
✓ 2 modules portrait

TRACKER
✓ Total number of modules: 26
CONFIGURATION ✓ Dimension: ≈ 4 m x 14 m
✓ Tracking angle: ± 55°

POSSIBLE ✓ Connection of two adjacent trackers

EVOLUTIONS ✓ Overall dimensions: ≈ 4 m x 28 m

✓ Improve Wired Communication Control Board and Drive to reduce the length of cables
ELECTRONICS ✓ Develop a “new” Tracker Wireless Control System: SCADA 2° level
✓ Improve a Self-Power System to supply locally and independently groups of trackers
PV TRACKER – DESIGN & CONTROL
Convert Italia
General Topics Speaker Time
Introduction to Tracker Device for PV plant.
Mono axial tracker Concept Design: G. Demofonti 10 min
performances vs reliability

Structural Design of mono axial tracker A. Ricci 20 min

Structural Design of mono axial tracker:

A. Ricci 20 min
Wind Loads and Aerodynamic design

Questions & Answers All 10 min

Criteria for the evaluation of corrosion resistant of
G. Demofonti 20 min
tracker operating in aggressive environment
Electronic control board and powering system of
A. Timidei 15 min
mono axial tracker
Failure modes, Qualification of tracker and
G. Demofonti 15 min
Maintenance actions
Questions & Answers All 10 min
GoPV Project | 1st TRAINING COURSES
TECHNICAL FOCUS ON FUTURE SOLAR PV SYSTEMS

October 26-29th 2020

 This project has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020
research and innovation program under grant agreement No 792059

Oct. 28th
PV Tracker – Design and Control
STRUCTURAL DESIGN
(10:00-12:00)
 Structural Design of Mono Axial Tracker

Specific Topics:
1. Design Inputs – Approaches - Restrictions
2. Main Codes
3. GOPV project: Goals concerning Tracker Design

Speaker:
Andrea Ricci, Convert

Time: 20 minutes
GoPV Project | 1st TRAINING COURSES
TECHNICAL FOCUS ON FUTURE SOLAR PV SYSTEMS

October 26-29th 2020

 Design Input and Approaches

Permanent Loads Variable Loads

1. Snow Load,
1. Structure weight (≈40% of total masses),
2. Wind Load (Static pressure and dynamic effect),
2. Modules weight (≈60% of total masses).
3. Thermal Load,
4. Seismic Load.

→ Except for particular cases, in common applications Wind Loads govern the tracker design.
15
Design General Restrictions

General Consideration
Trackers have to be considered as common steel structures and be compliant with civil
regulations such for example EN1993 – Eurocode 3.
➢ Main structures calculation requirement in terms of deformations and resistance have to be
respected.

Main resistance and deflection evaluation

All components must be adequately designed to avoid local instability problems (local buckling)
✓ Bending and Torsional section resistance and deflection for the main beam (tube),
✓ Bending section resistance and deflection for module rails,
✓ Bending and twisting section resistance for the piles.

GoPV Project | 1st TRAINING COURSES

TECHNICAL FOCUS ON FUTURE SOLAR PV SYSTEMS

October 26-29th 2020

 Design Specific Restrictions

Aiming error
In all service ranges no plastic deformations are permitted:
➢ Tracking accuracy must be guaranteed in the range of a few degrees (usually around 1° or 2°) of error
throughout the expected life of the project

Module Deflection
➢ PV-Modules have to be considered as independent elements, which do not produce any structural
resistance improvement and which may have their own rotations/displacements.
➢ Commonly it is considered the L/150 limit as a deflection restriction prescribe to prevent failures among
the connection's points (bolts, rivet, clamps, etc).

Large Scale application

The most restrictive requirement is the “large scale application”:
➢ High range of possible installations
➢ Cost reduction purpose → steel reduction as much as possible. GoPV Project | 1st TRAINING COURSES
TECHNICAL FOCUS ON FUTURE SOLAR PV SYSTEMS

October 26-29th 2020

 Standard Design - Piles

➢ Piles are one of the most variable elements in tracker designing, since it is affected by all soil-mechanical-
characteristics possible changings.
➢ Currently more and more detailed models for embedded length calculation are requested and eventually
confirmed with pull-out tests.
➢ This is turning out to be a consolidated practice given the uncertainty about the soil properties definition on
large sites.
➢ Omega (Ω) sections maximize the contact surface with the soil, reducing embedment lengths.
➢ Concrete foundations in general are not used.

GoPV Project | 1st TRAINING COURSES

TECHNICAL FOCUS ON FUTURE SOLAR PV SYSTEMS

October 26-29th 2020

 Standard Design – Standardization process

➢ One of the main standard components scope is to be easily manufactured worldwide and easily adaptable to
different situations.
➢ As for example, the module rails have been developed to be suitable in both configurations: frame and
frameless module installation (currently both available in the market).

Frameless configuration (GOPV Project) With frame configuration

→ Same omega shape profiles for both configurations GoPV Project | 1st TRAINING COURSES
TECHNICAL FOCUS ON FUTURE SOLAR PV SYSTEMS

October 26-29th 2020

 Connection Design

➢ Most of connections are bolted joint, assembled directly in field, whereas welds are realized only into
manufacturing workshop and on small single tracker components (mainly mechanical components).
➢ Due to their complexity (geometrical and in terms of loading condition), many times finite element
analysis and lab testing are required to make reliable calculation and a cost-effective design.

GoPV Project | 1st TRAINING COURSES

TECHNICAL FOCUS ON FUTURE SOLAR PV SYSTEMS

October 26-29th 2020

 Mechanical Elements (KIT) Design

➢ All mechanical elements (KIT) needs a specific design, mainly based on:
✓ the load inputs coming from standard component design (defined by the codes),
✓ Installation and maintenance requirements
✓ Movement and mechanical performances granted along the project life.
➢ Due to their complexity (geometrical and in terms of loading condition), many times finite element analysis
and lab testing are required to make reliable calculation and a cost-effective design.

GoPV Project | 1st TRAINING COURSES

TECHNICAL FOCUS ON FUTURE SOLAR PV SYSTEMS

October 26-29th 2020

Structural Calculation Report

Since trackers are considered as civil structures, in general a Structural Calculation Report of
tacker for each PV plant must be carried out .

Structural Calculation Report Index:

➢ General description of PV plant
➢ Standard rules and codes used
➢ Mechanical properties of used steel
➢ Analysis of Loads: permanent and variable
➢ Loads combination
➢ Structural FE analysis
➢ Design of mechanical connection
➢ Pull-out of piles analysis and geotechnical assessment
GoPV Project | 1st TRAINING COURSES
TECHNICAL FOCUS ON FUTURE SOLAR PV SYSTEMS

October 26-29th 2020

 Available Codes

General overview
➢ A dedicated design code focused on tracker don’t exist.
➢ Two main international standards approaches exist dedicated to steel structure and building:
✓ Eurocode
✓ ASCE 7-16
➢ In both code “physics described” always remains the same, they difference, in terms of:
✓ loads and load combinations,
✓ return time of each characteristic variables loads (50 years vs hundreds of years),
✓ difference between the “Service Limits” and “Ultimate Limits”.
▪ Tracker must be designed according to the local regulations, since trackers are considered as civil structures.
▪ Additional requirements coming from the customer must be meet.
o Assumptions too conservative could make a project no-economically favourable: generally studies to derogate single
standard aspects must be made.
o A comprehensive regulation focus on monoaxial tracker is being developed in the IEC–WG9: at the moment, it is only
focused on people safety.
GoPV Project | 1st TRAINING COURSES
TECHNICAL FOCUS ON FUTURE SOLAR PV SYSTEMS

October 26-29th 2020

 GOPV project: Goals concerning Tracker Design

Main issues 1P → 2P

✓ NEW appropriate Design,

CRITICAL ASPECTS ✓ Improvement of wind load evaluation criteria
✓ Higher loads on the actuator/motor device

✓ More accurate models for wind loads: Wind tunnel tests and CFD simulation.
NEEDS
✓ Development of a more performing actuator.

GoPV Project | 1st TRAINING COURSES

24
TECHNICAL FOCUS ON FUTURE SOLAR PV SYSTEMS

October 26-29th 2020

 Actuator – Motor device

Increasing tracker dimensions the motor system needs to be improved

to stand higher loads.

Previous Current New

Actuator Actuator Targets
Maximum 45,0 kN 60,0 kN 90 - 110 kN
Load
Maximum 370 mm 420 mm 800mm
Displacement

25
 Design Input – GOPV 2-P Tracker

➢ Configuration: 2 PV modules portrait,

➢ Number of modules: 26 (dimension of module ~ 2000 x 1000 mm)
➢ Modules Installation: frameless, installed by 3 clamps for side.
➢ The maximum tracking will be ±55°, with an error of ±2°.
➢ The minimum distance from the ground is: 0.50 m
➢ An actuator for each tracker.

GoPV Project | 1st TRAINING COURSES

26
TECHNICAL FOCUS ON FUTURE SOLAR PV SYSTEMS

October 26-29th 2020

PV TRACKER – DESIGN & CONTROL Convert Italia

General Topics Speaker Time

Introduction to Tracker Device for PV plant.
Mono axial tracker Concept Design: G. Demofonti 10 min
performances vs reliability

Structural Design of mono axial tracker A. Ricci 20 min

Structural Design of mono axial tracker:

A. Ricci 20 min
Wind Loads and Aerodynamic design

Questions & Answers All 10 min

Criteria for the evaluation of corrosion resistant of
G. Demofonti 20 min
tracker operating in aggressive environment
Electronic control board and powering system of
A. Timidei 15 min
mono axial tracker
Failure modes, Qualification of tracker and
G. Demofonti 15 min
Maintenance actions
Questions & Answers All 10 min
GoPV Project | 1st TRAINING COURSES
TECHNICAL FOCUS ON FUTURE SOLAR PV SYSTEMS

October 26-29th 2020

 This project has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020
research and innovation program under grant agreement No 792059

Oct. 28th
PV Tracker – Design and Control
WIND LOADS and AERODYNAMIC DESIGN
(10:00-12:00)
Structural Design of Mono Axial Tracker:
Wind Loads and Aerodynamic Design

Specific Topics:
1. Wind loads Base Knowledge
2. Wind Loads: Main Codes approach
3. Wind loads evaluation: technical needs & available approaches
4. Wind Loads and Aerodynamic Design: GOPV Project
✓ Wind tunnel – Static tests & Aeroelastic tests
✓ CFD Simulations / Analysis

Speaker:
Andrea Ricci, Convert

Time: 20 minutes GoPV Project | 1st TRAINING COURSES

TECHNICAL FOCUS ON FUTURE SOLAR PV SYSTEMS

October 26-29th 2020

 Wind Loads: Base Knowledge

Aerodynamic actions on structure put in a uniform wind flow:

✓ Drag (D), acting along the direction of flow,
✓ Lift (L), acting perpendicular to the flow direction,
✓ Torsional Moment (M), acting around tracker axis.

Drag D and Lift L forces are defined as function of the airflow velocity and surface width:
𝒄 ∙ 𝟏Τ𝟐 𝝆𝒗𝟐 ∙ 𝑩,
where c represents a coefficient obtained for several angle of attack α in wind tunnel tests;

Drag D and Lift L forces can be considered simultaneously determining force F, perpendicularly to the surface:

𝑭 = 𝒄𝒑 ∙ 𝟏Τ𝟐 𝝆𝒗𝟐 ∙ 𝑩,
Where cp is the “wind pressure coefficient” which changes as a function of the attack angle α. GoPV Project | 1st TRAINING COURSES
TECHNICAL FOCUS ON FUTURE SOLAR PV SYSTEMS

October 26-29th 2020

 Wind Loads: Main Codes approach

Definition of wind velocity to use in the design

Two main wind approaches coexist:
✓ “mean wind velocity” 10 minutes average wind speed - represents by Eurocode 1-4,
✓ “gust wind speed” 3 second gust wind speed - represents by the ASCE 7-16

Describing the same phenomenon both approaches depend mainly by the same parameters (such as terrain
topography, roughness,…) and lead both to the calculation of the Peak Pressure.

Loads resulting force

➢ The two codes differ on the force F application point:
𝑭
✓ in the Eurocode 1-4 is put fixed at L/4 from the panel edge,
✓ in the ASCE 7-16 it is variable proportionally to wind coefficients.
➢ The equivalent torsion moment M acting to the main beam, would be
higher when considering the Eurocode 1-4 approach.
GoPV Project | 1st TRAINING COURSES
TECHNICAL FOCUS ON FUTURE SOLAR PV SYSTEMS

October 26-29th 2020

 Wind Loads: Main Codes approach

Issues connected with codes are:

✓ the absence of a specific standard for tracker design, only building codes could
be considered;
✓ trackers are manly design as a generic single canopy roof,
✓ no information about internal and external structure is generally taken into
account.

➢ A code procedure does not adequately describe the wind interaction among
tracker and air flow and represents a conservative approach;
➢ CFD and Wind Tunnel tests are the only way to “fill this gap of knowledge”.

GoPV Project | 1st TRAINING COURSES

TECHNICAL FOCUS ON FUTURE SOLAR PV SYSTEMS

October 26-29th 2020

 Wind loads evaluation: needs & available approaches

WIND LOADS

Structural design Tracker shape

(Thicknesses) (Geometry)

Aero-elastic phenomenon Wind pressure coefficient (Cp) Definition between one

- Bigger surface exposed to wind,
- Depending on national codes, or two canopies analysis
- Lack of a specific tracker design code, - Gap between modules rows
- Lighter structures,
- Need to reduce nominal wind loads/security definition
- Installation in climatological hard sites.
coefficients.

WIND TUNNEL TESTS CFD Simulations GoPV Project | 1st TRAINING COURSES
TECHNICAL FOCUS ON FUTURE SOLAR PV SYSTEMS

October 26-29th 2020

 Wind loads evaluation: GOPV Project

GOPV Specific Issues:

➢ Wind loads – “Gap effects”
➢ Wind loads – reliable data for wind coefficients
➢ Aeroelastic instability data for GOPV -2P Tracker

GOPV Approach:
➢ Wind Tunnel Test, using the “Politecnico di Milano” Wind Laboratory - GVPM,
➢ CFD – Simulations, using ANSY-CFX Software
➢ Collaboration with University of Rome “La Sapienza” and Enginesoft
GoPV Project | 1st TRAINING COURSES
TECHNICAL FOCUS ON FUTURE SOLAR PV SYSTEMS

October 26-29th 2020

 Wind loads – “Gap effects”

The University of Rome “La Sapienza” and Enginesoft were involved to support Convert in the develop
CDF studies concerning wind-tracker interaction, especially focused on:
✓ the role of the gap on a two-portrait-modules tracker has on wind loads actions,
✓ how to the wind loads acting on surfaces may change due to for to different angles of attack.

Wind

For example in a 5° tilt position the gap produce around 50%

of load reduction on the tracker
Wind loads
CFD Simulations - Influence of a multiple tracker array
Study of a multiple tracker array configuration by the CFD analysis:
Shielding effect of the windward rows on the following ones

The wind pressure reduction is around 35% starting from the third row
 Wind loads
CFD Simulations - Influence of a multiple tracker array
➢ The influence of a tracker arrays on internal structures it is affected by the GCR (Ground Cover Ratio)
➢ Lower is the row spacing higher is the sheltering effect: positive effect on the pressure on modules

17,5 m – GCR = 0,25

8,50 m – GCR=0,50
 Wind Tunnel Test – Wind Static Loads

Main Reason of Wind tunnel tests:

➢ To provide an experimental support to the CFD analysis: on both gap and shielding effects,
➢ Obtain reliable data for wind coefficients in different plant positions,
➢ Correctly and safely derogate codes,

GoPV Project | 1st TRAINING COURSES

Aimed to a more appropriate and cost-effective design TECHNICAL FOCUS ON FUTURE SOLAR PV SYSTEMS

October 26-29th 2020

 Wind Tunnel Test – Wind Static Loads

Wind tunnel laboratory can provide wind pressure coefficients, distinguish among different tracker position, for
different tilt angles and for different wind directions.

Measured parameters
✓ Pressure and moment coefficient vs orientation of modules α,

✓ Sensitivity of wind loads if changing the distance among modules,

✓ Sensitivity of wind loads reduction due to shielding effects of
windward structures

October 26-29th 2020

 Wind Tunnel Test – Wind Static Loads

Results
➢ The WT result is allowing a more accurate plant design, distinguishing among internal and external rows.
➢ Internal rows are around 80 - 85% of the overall structures: the optimization of their design assure a cost reduction.

Roughly, inner rows suffer:

• ≈ -40% pressure and torque reduction in
stowing/safety position,
• ≈ -50% pressure and torque reduction in
service positions.

GoPV Project | 1st TRAINING COURSES

TECHNICAL FOCUS ON FUTURE SOLAR PV SYSTEMS

October 26-29th 2020

 Wind Tunnel Test - Aeroelastic instability

➢ Nowadays tracker design is heavily focused on aerodynamic instability, especially for the windward rows.
➢ This turns to be the main and more restrictive design issue.

M
Torsional static
instability (Divergence)
α

Galloping

Flutter
Wind Tunnel Test - Aeroelastic instability

Analyzed Aeroelastic instability phenomena on GOPV tracker:

✓ Torsional stability – Divergence,
✓ Flutter,
✓ Galloping,

GoPV Project | 1st TRAINING COURSES

TECHNICAL FOCUS ON FUTURE SOLAR PV SYSTEMS

October 26-29th 2020

 Wind Tunnel Test - Aeroelastic instability

Results:
➢ As long as the tracker-flow ensemble can have an overall damping
higher than the forcing in play, the system is in equilibrium.

➢ As the wind speed increases, the total damping increases up to a

peak value, beyond which there is a sharp variation. The full system
in no more able to damp forces as before: Vibrations starts.

➢ Up to the total damping remains as positive value, vibration

amplitude remain “constant” without being destructive,

➢ Once the total damping become a negative value, the tracker-flow

interaction increase up to a destructive event.
 Aerodynamic Design of GOPV 2- P tracker

Aeroelastic instability phenomena:

• Torsional stability – Divergence:

only in Stow position (0° +/-1°) – stable up to 35 m/s (*)

• Dynamic Instability Flutter:

All other Service positions – stable up to 23 m/s (*)
Not Galloping in the same range of wind velocity

(*) Note: velocity are referred to 10minutes averaged values measured at 10m height above ground.
To scale at gust factor a multiplier x 1,46 is suggested

GOPV 44
 Wind Tunnel Test - Aerodynamic

Design – Spread Results

To understand the results obtained in the tunnel are obviously related to
a model, which has certain mechanical properties of stiffness, mass and
damping. It is therefore necessary to scale those results to the single
project case by case.
The comparison between model and project could be developed
thought:
➢ Reduce velocity parameter,

➢ Mass ratio,

➢ Damping scale. GoPV Project | 1st TRAINING COURSES

TECHNICAL FOCUS ON FUTURE SOLAR PV SYSTEMS

October 26-29th 2020

PV TRACKER – DESIGN & CONTROL Convert Italia

General Topics Speaker Time

Introduction to Tracker Device for PV plant.
Mono axial tracker Concept Design: G. Demofonti 10 min
performances vs reliability

Structural Design of mono axial tracker A. Ricci 20 min

Structural Design of mono axial tracker:

A. Ricci 20 min
Wind Loads and Aerodynamic design

Questions & Answers All 10 min

Criteria for the evaluation of corrosion resistant of
G. Demofonti 20 min
tracker operating in aggressive environment
Electronic control board and powering system of
A. Timidei 15 min
mono axial tracker
Failure modes, Qualification of tracker and
G. Demofonti 15 min
Maintenance actions
Questions & Answers All 10 min
GoPV Project | 1st TRAINING COURSES
TECHNICAL FOCUS ON FUTURE SOLAR PV SYSTEMS

October 26-29th 2020

 This project has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020
research and innovation program under grant agreement No 792059

Thank you for your attention.

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