A ping-pong ball has an average density of 0.0840 g/cm3 and a diameter of 3.80 cm.
What
force would be required to keep the ball completely submerged under water?
-0.258 N
A bank vault is opened by applying a force of 300 N perpendicular to the plane of the door,
1.2 m from the hinges. Find the torque due to this force about an axis through the hinges.
-360 N·m
A blimp is filled with 400 m3 of helium. How big a payload can the balloon lift? (The density
of air is 1.29 kg/m3; the density of helium is 0.18 kg/m3.)
-444 kg
Who demonstrated that when heat is gained or lost by a system during some process, the
gain or loss can be accounted for by an equivalent quantity of mechanical work done on the
system?
-Joule
A 0.20-kg object is attached to a spring with spring constant k = 10 N/m and moves with
simple harmonic motion over a horizontal, frictionless surface. At the instant that it is
displaced from equilibrium by −0.060 m, what is its acceleration?
-3.0 m/s2
What temperature increase is necessary to increase the power radiated from an object by a
factor of 6?
-about 57%
-A 5.00-g lead bullet is traveling at a speed of 240 m/s when it embeds in a wood post. If we
assume that half of the resultant heat energy generated remains with the bullet, what is the
increase in temperature of the embedded bullet? (specific heat of lead = 0.0305 kcal/kg⋅ °C,
1 kcal = 4 186 J)
-113°C
A mass of 4.0 kg, resting on a horizontal, frictionless surface, is attached on the right to a
horizontal spring with spring constant 30 N/m and on the left to a horizontal spring with
spring constant 50 N/m. If this system is moved from equilibrium, what is the effective
spring constant?
-80 N/m
On a sunny day at the beach, the reason the sand gets so hot and the water stays relatively
cool is attributed to the difference in which property between water and sand?
-specific heat
A simple pendulum of length 2.00 m has a mass of 100 g attached. It is drawn back 30.0° and
then released. What is the maximum speed of the mass?
-2.29 m/s
Which of the following characterizes the net force on a particle falling through a fluid at its
terminal speed?
-It is zero.
A figure skater with arms initially extended starts spinning on the ice at 3 rad/s. She then
pulls her arms in close to her body. Which of the following results?
-a greater rotational rate
Inside a house, stepping on a tile floor barefooted may feel almost cold, but stepping on
carpet in an adjacent room feels comfortably warm. Why is this?
-It's because the thermal conductivity of carpet is less than that of tile.
A uniform bridge span weighs 70.0 × 103 N and is 40.0 m long. An automobile weighing 15.0 ×
103 N is parked with its center of gravity located 12.0 m from the right pier. What upward
support force does the right pier provide?
-45.5 × 103 N
A bank vault is opened by applying a force of 300 N perpendicular to the plane of the door,
1.2 m from the hinges. Find the torque due to this force about an axis through the hinges.
-360 N·m
When an object is moving in simple harmonic motion, which of the following is at a minimum
when the displacement from equilibrium is zero?
-the magnitude of the acceleration
A ceiling fan is turned on and reaches an angular speed of 120 rev/min in 20 s. It is then
turned off and coasts to a stop in an additional 60 s. The ratio of the average angular
acceleration for the first 20 s to that for the last 60 s is which of the following?
--3
What is the total mass of the Earth's atmosphere? (The radius of the Earth is 6.4 × 106 m, and
atmospheric pressure at the surface is 105 N/m2.)
-5 × 1018 kg
Spherical particles of density 1.6 g/cm3 are shaken in a container of water (viscosity = 1.0 ×
10−3 N⋅ s/m3). The water is 8.0 cm deep and is allowed to stand for 30 minutes. What is the
radius of the largest particles still in suspension at that time?
-5.8 × 10−6 m
A baseball pitcher loosens up his pitching arm. He tosses a 0.20-kg ball using only the
rotation of his forearm, 0.32 m in length, to accelerate the ball. What is the moment of inertia
of the ball alone as it moves in a circular arc with a radius of 0.32 m?
-2.0 × 10−2 kg·m2
A 0.0020-kg lead bullet is traveling at a speed of 240 m/s when it embeds in a block of ice at
0°C. If all the heat generated goes into melting ice, what quantity of ice is melted? (Lf = 80
kcal/kg, the specific heat of lead = 0.03 kcal/kg⋅ °C, and 1 kcal = 4 186 J)
-1.7 × 10−4 kg
A pipe carrying water has a radius of 1.0 cm. If the flow velocity is 9.0 cm/s, which of the
following characterizes the flow? Take the viscosity of water to be 1.0 × 10−3 N⋅ s/m.
-streamlined
A uniform pressure of 8.1 × 105 N/m2 is applied to all six sides of a copper cube. What is the
percentage change in volume of the cube? (for copper, B = 14 × 1010 N/m2)
-0.6 × 10−3 %
Carly places one end of a steel bar in a Bunsen flame and the other end in an ice cube. By
what factor is the rate of heat flow changed when the bar's cross-sectional area is doubled?
-2
A 6.0 kg mass in the xy plane is moving in the negative x direction at 3.0 m/s along the line y
= 4.0 m. As the mass passes the point (x, y = 10 m, 4.0 m), what is its angular momentum
with respect to the z axis?
-72 SI units
Three disks have the same mass and the same total kinetic energy. Disk #1 has radius R,
disk #2 has radius 2R, and disk #3 has radius 3R. Which one has the highest vtranslational?
-The all have the same vtranslational.
A heavily loaded boat is floating in a pond. The boat starts to sink because of a leak but quick
action plugging the leak stops the boat from going under although it is now deeper in the
water. What happens to the surface level of the pond?
-It stays the same.
A turntable has a moment of inertia of 3.0 × 10−2 kg·m2 and spins freely on a frictionless
bearing at 25 rev/min. A 0.60-kg ball of putty is dropped vertically on the turntable and
sticks at a point 0.10 m from the center. By what factor does the kinetic energy of the system
change after the putty is dropped onto the turntable?
-0.83
Which state of matter is associated with the very highest of temperatures?
-plasma
A solid rock, suspended in air by a spring scale, has a measured mass of 8.00 kg. When the
rock is submerged in water, the scale reads 3.20 kg. What is the density of the rock? (water
density = 1 000 kg/m3)
-1.67 × 103 kg/m3
The surface of the Sun has a temperature of about 5,780 K. If the radius of the Sun is 7 × 108
m, determine the power output of the sun. (Take e = 1, and σ = 5.67 × 10−8 W/m2⋅ K4)
-3.9 × 1026 W
The position of a 0.64-kg mass undergoing simple harmonic motion is given by x = (0.120 m)
cos (πt/16). What is the maximum net force on the mass as it oscillates?
-3.0 × 10−3 N
A mass on a spring vibrates in simple harmonic motion at a frequency of 4.0 Hz and an
amplitude of 4.0 cm. If a timer is started when its displacement is a maximum (hence x = 4
cm when t = 0), what is the speed of the mass when t = 5 s?
-zero
A fan blade, initially at rest, rotates with a constant acceleration of 0.036 rad/s2. What is its
angular speed at the instant it goes through an angular displacement of 10 rad?
-0.85 rad/s
1400 rev/min is equivalent to which of the following?
-147 rad/s
By what factor should the length of a simple pendulum be changed if the period of vibration
were to be quadrupled?
-16
A baseball pitcher loosens up his pitching arm. He tosses a 0.20-kg ball using only the
rotation of his forearm, 0.32 m in length, to accelerate the ball. What is the moment of inertia
of the ball alone as it moves in a circular arc with a radius of 0.32 m?
-1.9 × 10−2 kg·m2
A uniform solid sphere rolls down an incline of height 3 m after starting from rest. In order
to calculate its speed at the bottom of the incline, one needs to know:
-no more than is given in the problem.
On a sunny day at the beach, the reason the sand gets so hot and the water stays relatively
cool is attributed to the difference in which property between water and sand?
-specific heat
A 2.0 cm x 2.0 cm steel rod of length 80 cm has its left end clamped and a force of 2.0x10^5
N applied perpendicular to its length at its right end. By how much does the right end shift
from its original position? For steel Young's modulus is 2x10^11 Pa, the bulk modulus is
1.4x10^11 Pa, and the shear modulus is 8.1x10^10 Pa.
-4.9x10^-3m
Which of the following involves the greatest heat transfer?
-One gram of steam at 100°C changing to water at 100°C.
A solid sphere, a solid cylinder, and a hoop each have the same mass and radius. If they are
spinning at the same angular velocity, which one has the greatest angular momentum?
-the hoop
A baseball pitcher loosens up his pitching arm. He tosses a 0.20-kg ball using only the
rotation of his forearm, 0.32 m in length, to accelerate the ball. What is the moment of inertia
of the ball alone as it moves in a circular arc with a radius of 0.32 m?
-1.9 × 10−2 kg·m2
The Garfield Thomas water tunnel at Pennsylvania State University has a circular cross-
section that constricts from a diameter of 3.6 m to the test section, which is 1.2 m in
diameter. If the speed of flow is 4.0 m/s in the large-diameter pipe, determine the speed of
flow in the test section.
-36 m/s
The surfaces of a Dewar flask are silvered for the purpose of minimizing heat transfer by
what process?
-radiation
The surface of the Sun has a temperature of about 5,780 K. If the radius of the Sun is 7 × 108
m, determine the power output of the sun. (Take e = 1, and σ = 5.67 × 10−8 W/m2⋅ K4).
-3.9 × 1026 W
By what factor should the length of a simple pendulum be changed if the period of vibration
were to be quadrupled?
-16
A uniform rod of length L and mass M is pivoted about one end. Attached to the rod is a
mass M at its midpoint and at the end opposite the pivot is another mass M. What is the
moment of inertia of this configuration about the pivot?
-19ML^2/12
A mass-spring system on a horizontal frictionless surface is set in simple harmonic motion
with amplitude A. The mass is then doubled and the system is again set into simple
harmonic motion with the same amplitude. Which of the following is true about the total
mechanical energy of the system due to doubling the mass?
-It has not changed.
Doubling the displacement from equilibrium of an object in simple harmonic motion will
bring about a change in the magnitude of the object's acceleration by what factor?
-2.0
A uniform meterstick balances on a fulcrum placed at the 40-cm mark when a weight W is
placed at the 20-cm mark. What is the weight of the meterstick?
-2W
The inside of a house is at 20°C on an early morning when the temperature outside is 15°C.
The next morning the inside temperature is the same but the outside temperature is now
10°C. How much does the energy per unit time lost by conduction through the walls, windows,
doors, etc., change for the house from the first morning to the second one?
-The loss doubles.
A uniform, horizontal beam of length 6.0 m and weight 140 N is attached at one end to a wall
by a pin connection (so that it may rotate). A cable attached to the wall above the pin
supports the opposite end. The cable makes an angle of 60° with the horizontal. What is the
tension in the cable needed to maintain the beam in equilibrium?
-81 N
A slice of bread contains about 150 kcal. If specific heat of a person were 1.00 kcal/kg⋅ °C, by
how many °C would the temperature of a 70.0-kg person increase if all the energy in the
bread were converted to heat?
-2.14°C
A figure skater with arms initially extended starts spinning on the ice at 3 rad/s. She then
pulls her arms in close to her body. Which of the following results?
-a greater rotational rate
How much power is theoretically available from a mass flow of 1 100 kg/s of water that falls
a vertical distance of 110 m?
-1 186 kW
An object of mass m and moment of inertia I has rotational kinetic energy KER. Its angular
momentum is:
-(2 IKER)1/2.
An inventor develops a stationary cycling device by which an individual, while pedaling, can
convert all of the energy expended into heat for warming water. What minimum power must
be generated if 250 g water (enough for 1 cup of coffee) is to be heated in 15 min from 25°C to
91°C? (1 cal = 4.186 J, the specific heat of water is 4 186 J/kg⋅ °C)
-80 W
An ore car of mass 2000 kg rolls downhill on tracks from a mine. At the end of the tracks,
10.0 m lower in elevation, is a spring with k = 400,000 N/m. How much is the spring
compressed in stopping the ore car? Ignore friction.
-0.99 m
A bowling ball has a mass of 7.0 kg, a moment of inertia of 2.8 × 10−2 kg·m2, and a radius of
0.10 m. If it rolls down the lane without slipping at a linear speed of 3.7 m/s, what is its total
kinetic energy?
-67.1 J
A centrifuge rotates at 100 rev/s (i.e., 628 rad/s). If the test tube places the suspension at
9.0 cm from the axis of rotation, by what factor are the terminal speeds of the settling
particles increased as compared to sedimentation cause by gravity?
-3.6 × 103
As I use sandpaper on some rusty metal, the sandpaper gets hot because:
-frictional processes increase the internal energy of the sandpaper.
An inventor develops a stationary cycling device by which an individual, while pedaling, can
convert all of the energy expended into heat for warming water. How much mechanical
energy is required to increase the temperature of 300 g of water (enough for 1 cup of coffee)
from 24°C to 95°C? (1 cal = 4.186 J, the specific heat of water is 4 186 J/kg⋅ °C)
-89,000 J
An object at 19°C has its temperature increased to 33°C. The power then radiated by this
object increases by how many percent?
-21
A fountain sends water to a height of 100 m. What must be the pressurization (above
atmospheric) of the underground water system? (1 atm = 105 N/m2)
-9.8 atm
A bowling ball has a mass of 8.0 kg, a moment of inertia of 3.2 × 10−2 kg·m2, and a radius of
0.10 m. If it rolls down the lane without slipping at a linear speed of 3 m/s, what is its angular
speed?
-30 rad/s
A ping-pong ball has an average density of 0.0840 g/cm3 and a diameter of 3.80 cm. What
force would be required to keep the ball completely submerged under water?
-0.258 N
Marc attaches a falling 500-kg object with a rope through a pulley to a paddle wheel shaft.
He places the system in a well-insulated tank holding 35 kg of water. When the object falls,
it causes the paddle wheel to rotate and churn the water. If the object falls a vertical
distance of 90 m at constant speed, what is the temperature change of the water? (1 kcal = 4
186 J, the specific heat of water is 4 186 J/kg⋅ °C, and g = 9.8 m/s2)
-3.0 C°
By what factor is the total pressure greater at a depth of 890 m in water than at the surface
where pressure is one atmosphere? (water density = 1.0 × 103 kg/m3, 1 atmosphere pressure
= 1.01 × 105 N/m2, and g = 9.8 m/s2)
-86
Water pressurized to 3 × 105 Pa is flowing at 6.0 m/s in a pipe which contracts to 1/3 of its
former area. What are the pressure and speed of the water after the contraction? (Density of
water = 1 × 103 kg/m3.)
-1.6 × 105 Pa, 18 m/s
A 0.2-kg aluminum plate, initially at 20°C, slides down a 15-m-long surface, inclined at a 27°
angle to the horizontal. The force of kinetic friction exactly balances the component of
gravity down the plane so that the plate, once started, glides down at constant velocity. If
90% of the mechanical energy of the system is absorbed by the aluminum, what is its
temperature increase at the bottom of the incline? (Specific heat for aluminum is 900
J/kg⋅ °C.)
-0.07 C°
I attach a 2.0-kg block to a spring that obeys Hooke's Law and supply 4.0 J of energy to
stretch the spring. I release the block; it oscillates with period 0.30 s. The amplitude is:
-9.5 cm.
Carly places one end of a steel bar in a Bunsen flame and the other end in an ice cube. By
what factor is the rate of heat flow changed when the bar's cross-sectional area is doubled?
-2
Atmospheric pressure is 1.0 × 105 N/m2, and the density of air is 1.29 kg/m3. If the density of
air is constant as you get higher and higher, calculate the height of the atmosphere needed
to produce this pressure.
-7 900 m
A hoop, solid sphere, and solid cylinder each have the same mass and same radius. When
rolling down the same incline, which has the greatest torque from gravity on it?
-They all have the same torque.
An automobile accelerates from zero to 30 m/s in 6.0 s. The wheels have a diameter of 1.0 m.
What is the average angular acceleration of each wheel?
-10 rad/s2
Suppose a 0.30-kg mass on a spring that has been compressed 0.20 m has elastic potential
energy of 1.0 J. How much further must the spring be compressed to triple the elastic
potential energy?
-0.15 m
An astronomical unit (AU) is the average distance from the Earth to the Sun. An comet in
orbit around the Sun has a perihelion (near point to the Sun) of 0.50 AU and an aphelion (far
point from the Sun) of 5.0 AU. If the comet's orbital speed at aphelion is v, what is its speed
at perihelion?
-10v
A meterstick is supported by a knife-edge at the 50-cm mark. Doug hangs masses of 0.40
and 0.60 kg from the 35-cm and 80-cm marks, respectively. Where should Doug hang a third
mass of 0.30 kg to keep the stick balanced?
-10 cm
Consider two steel rods, A and B. B has three times the area and twice the length of A, so
Young's modulus for B will be what factor times Young's modulus for A?
-1.0
1400 rev/min is equivalent to which of the following?
-147 rad/s
A solid sphere and a solid cylinder both have the same radius and mass. If the sphere is
spun about an axis through it center with angular velocity Wsphere, what angular velocity
must the cylinder have to the same rotational kinetic energy as the sphere? Round your
answer to 2 significant figures.
-Wcylinder = 0.89Wsphere
Sound waves of a certain frequency in air having a wavelength of 1.9 m will have what
wavelength in water? Take the speed of sound in air to be 340 m/s and in water to be 1 490
m/s.
-8.3 m
A mass of 4.1 kg, resting on a horizontal frictionless surface, is attached on the right to a
horizontal spring with spring constant 23 N/m and on the left to a horizontal spring with
spring constant 60 N/m. If this system is moved from equilibrium, what is the effective
spring constant?
-83 N/m
Material 1 has Young's modulus Y1 and density ρ1, material 2 has Young's modulus Y2 and
density ρ2, and material 3 has Young's modulus Y3 and density ρ 3. If Y1 > Y2 > Y3 and
if ρ1 < ρ2 < ρ 3, which material has the highest speed of sound?
-material 1
The oxygen molecule (O2) may be regarded as two masses connected by a spring. In
vibrational motion, each oxygen atom alternately approaches, then moves away from the
center of mass of the system. If each oxygen atom of mass m = 2.67 × 10−26 kg has a
vibrational energy of 1.6 × 10−21 J and the effective spring constant is 50 N/m, then what is
the amplitude of oscillation of each oxygen atom?
-8 × 10−12 m
In an isothermal process for an ideal gas system (where the internal energy doesn't change),
which of the following choices best corresponds to the value of the work done on the system?
-the negative of its heat intake
A chamber that can be filled with different gases has placed in it a source of sound that in
air produces a frequency of 200 Hz and a microphone to pick up the sound for frequency
analysis. First the chamber is filled with helium (speed of sound 1 000 m/s at room
conditions), then the helium is replaced with oxygen (speed of sound 330 m/s at room
conditions), and then finally the helium is replaced with carbon dioxide (speed of sound 269
m/s at room conditions). In which gas is the highest frequency of sound found by the
microphone during this experiment?
-They all have the same frequency of sound.
A 4-mol ideal gas system undergoes an adiabatic process where it expands and does 24 J of
work on its environment. What is its change in internal energy?
-−24 J
A vibrating guitar string emits a tone simultaneously with one from a 500-Hz tuning fork. If a
beat frequency of 4 Hz results, what is the frequency of vibration of the string?
-Either choice B or C is valid.
The lowest A on a piano has a frequency of 27.5 Hz. If the tension in the 2.0-m long string is
151 N and one-half wavelength occupies the string, what is the mass of the string?
-25 g
An 100-g piece of copper, initially at 295°C, is dropped into 250 g of water contained in a 300-
g aluminum calorimeter; the water and calorimeter are initially at 10.0°C. What is the final
temperature of the system? (Specific heats of copper and aluminum are 0.0920 and 0.215
cal/g·°C, respectively. cw = 1.00 cal/g·°C)
-18.1°C
A 6-g lead bullet traveling in 20°C air at 300 m/s strikes a flat steel plate and stops. What is
the final temperature of the lead bullet? (Assume the bullet retains all heat.) The melting
point of lead is 327°C. The specific heat of lead is 0.128 J/g·°C. The heat of fusion of lead is
24.5 J/g.
-327°C
When the standing wave pattern in a pipe is NANA, the pipe has which of the following set of
properties? (N stands for node, A for antinode.)
-It is open at one end and closed at the other end.
The surface of the Sun is at approximately 5 700 K and the temperature of the Earth's
surface is about 290 K. What total entropy change occurs when 920 J of heat energy is
transferred from the Sun to the Earth?
-3.01 J/K
Quadrupling both the tension in a guitar string and its mass per unit length will result in
changing the wave speed in the string by what factor?
-1.00 (i.e., no change)
As a copper wire is heated, its length increases by 0.200%. What is the change of the
temperature of the wire? (αCu = 16.6 × 10−6/C°)
-120°C
How far away is a lightning bolt if it takes 13 s for the sound of the associated thunder to
reach the observer?
-3 miles
In typical calorimetry problems, what is the usual conservation law being used?
-energy
A car with bad shocks bounces up and down with a period of 1.78 s after hitting a bump. The
car has a mass of 1,400 kg and is supported by four springs of force constant k. What is k for
each spring?
-4,361 N/m
If a radio wave has speed 3.61 × 108 m/s and frequency 94.1 MHz, what is its wavelength?
-3.84 m
On a PV diagram, 2 curves are plotted, both starting at the same point (P1, V1) and both
ending at the same increased volume (V2). One curve is for an isothermal process; the other
is for an adiabatic process. Except for the common starting point, which curve is the upper
one?
-The isothermal process curve will always be the upper one.
A phase difference of 120° corresponds to what wavelength difference?
-1/3λ
A sound intensity of 70 dB is observed at a distance d from the source of sound. What sound
intensity would be observed at a distance 2d from the source?
-64 dB
In an isothermal process for an ideal gas system (where the internal energy doesn't change),
which of the following choices best corresponds to the value of the work done on the system?
-the negative of its heat intake
On an average diet, the consumption of 12 liters of oxygen releases how much energy? (4.3
kcal are released per liter of oxygen consumed.)
-216 kJ
A musical tone, sounded on a piano, has a frequency of 820 Hz and a wavelength in air of
0.400 m. What is the wave speed?
-328 m/s
A musical tone, sounded on a piano, has a frequency of 450 Hz and a wavelength in air of
0.800 m. What is the wave speed?
-360 m/s
A thermodynamic process that happens very quickly tends to be:
-adiabatic.
A traveling wave train has wavelength 1.0 m and speed 20 m/s. Find the wave frequency.
-20 Hz
Carly places one end of a steel bar in a Bunsen flame and the other end in an ice cube. By
what factor is the rate of heat flow changed when the bar's cross-sectional area is tripled?
-3.0
The lowest A on a piano has a frequency of 27.5 Hz. If the tension in the 2.0-m long string is
151 N and one-half wavelength occupies the string, what is the mass of the string?
-25 g
The oxygen molecule (O2) may be regarded as two masses connected by a spring. In
vibrational motion, each oxygen atom alternately approaches, then moves away from the
center of mass of the system. If each oxygen atom of mass m = 2.67 × 10−26 kg has a
vibrational energy of 1.6 × 10−21 J and the effective spring constant is 50 N/m, then what is
the amplitude of oscillation of each oxygen atom?
-8 × 10−12 m
According to the first law of thermodynamics, the sum of the heat gained by a system and
the work done on that same system is equivalent to which of the following?
-internal energy change
A train station bell gives off a fundamental tone of 1000 Hz as the train approaches the
station at a speed of 20.0 m/s. If the speed of sound in air is 335 m/s, what will be the
apparent frequency of the bell to an observer riding the train?
-1060 Hz
A 1.5-m string is held fixed at both ends. When driven by a 160-Hz source, the string vibrates
in 2 distinct segments. What is the natural fundamental frequency of the string?
-80 Hz
The superposition principle has to do with which of the following?
-how displacements of interacting waves add together
A wave travels in a string at 60 m/s. A second string of 40% greater linear density has the
same tension applied as in the first string. What will be the resulting wave speed in the
second string?
-51 m/s
Marc attaches a falling 250-kg object with a rope through a pulley to a paddle wheel shaft.
He places the system in a well-insulated tank holding 12 kg of water. When the object falls, it
causes the paddle wheel to rotate and churn the water. If the object falls a vertical distance
of 100 m at constant speed, what is the temperature change of the water? (1 kcal = 4186 J, the
specific heat of water is 4186 J/kg · °C, and g = 9.8 m/s2)
-4.9°C
A flute behaves like a tube open at both ends. If its length is 70.0 cm, and the speed of sound
is 340 m/s, what is its fundamental frequency in Hz?
-243 Hz
A pipe of length 10.0 m increases in length by 2.0 cm when its temperature is increased by
90°F. What is its coefficient of linear expansion?
-40 × 10-6/°C
Consider a vibrating string that makes a sound wave that moves through the air. As the
guitar string moves up and down, the air molecules that are a certain horizontal distance
from the string will move:
-toward and away from the guitar string.
Two water waves meet at the same point, one having a displacement above equilibrium of 60
cm and the other having a displacement above equilibrium of 70 cm. At this moment, what is
the resulting displacement above equilibrium?
-130 cm
A mass of 0.4 kg, hanging from a spring with a spring constant of 85 N/m, is set into an up-
and-down simple harmonic motion. What is the speed of the mass when moving through a
point at 0.05 m displacement? The starting displacement of the mass is 0.1 m from its
equilibrium position.
-1.3 m/s
Comparing the speed of sound in liquids, gases, and solids, the speed of sound is usually
lowest in ____ and highest in ____.
-gases, solids
A 0.31-kg block rests on a frictionless level surface and is attached to a horizontally aligned
spring with a spring constant of 45 N/m. The block is initially displaced 4.9 cm from the
equilibrium point and then released to set up a simple harmonic motion. What is the speed of
the block when it passes through the equilibrium point?
-0.59 m/s
How much heat energy must be removed from 150 g of oxygen at 22°C to liquefy it at −183°C?
(The specific heat of oxygen gas is 0.218 cal/g·°C, and its heat of vaporization is 50.9 cal/g.)
-14,300 cal
Sound waves of a certain frequency in air having a wavelength of 1.9 m will have what
wavelength in water? Take the speed of sound in air to be 340 m/s and in water to be 1 490
m/s.
-8.3 m
A mass on a spring vibrates in simple harmonic motion at a frequency of 6 Hz and an
amplitude of 3 cm. If a timer is started when its displacement is a maximum (hence x = 3 cm
when t = 0), what is the speed of the mass when t = 7 s?
-zero
If a long spring with spring constant k is cut into 4 equal lengths, what is the spring constant
of each of the 4 shorter springs?
-It is 4k.
According to the first law of thermodynamics, for any process that may occur within an
isolated system, which of the following choices applies?
-None of the above choices apply.
Waves propagate at 8.6 m/s along a stretched string. The end of the string is vibrated up and
down once every 1.5 s. What is the wavelength of the waves that travel along the string?
-12.9 m
When considering human metabolism in terms of the 1st Law of Thermodynamics, which of
the following represents the metabolic rate?
-ΔU / Δt
Suppose working outside on a hot day someone generate 450 J of heat each second. If this
energy is compensated for by the evaporation of sweat, how much water would be lost in an
hour? The latent heat of fusion for water is 334 kJ/kg and for vaporization is 2,200 kJ/kg.
-0.74 liter
Which of the following has the highest specific heat?
-water
In an isovolumetric process where the pressure increases, are the heat absorbed, work
done by the system, and the change in internal energy of the system positive, negative, or
zero?
-Q is +, W is 0, and ΔU is +.
A person consumes 2,000 kcal/day while expending 3,500 kcal/day. In a month's time, about
how much weight would this person lose if the loss were essentially all from body fat? (Body
fat has an energy content of about 4 100 kcal per pound.)
-11 pounds
The Carnot cycle consists of a combination of ____ and ____ processes.
-adiabatic, isothermal
A ventilation fan has blades 0.25 m in radius rotating at 30 rpm. What is the tangential speed
of each blade tip?
-0.79 m/s
The Earth’s gravity exerts no torque on a satellite orbiting the Earth in an elliptical orbit.
Compare the motion at the point nearest the Earth (perigee) to the motion at the point
farthest from the Earth (apogee). At the point closest to the Earth:
-None of the above.
A uniform solid sphere rolls down an incline of height 3 m after starting from rest. In order
to calculate its speed at the bottom of the incline, one needs to know:
-no more than is given in the problem.
The SI base units for the spring constant are which of the following?
-kg/s2
In a large tank of liquid, the hydrostatic pressure at a given depth is a function of:
-Choices a and c are both valid.
Four identical springs each have the same spring constant k. If the four springs are attached
end to end forming a spring four times the length of one of the original springs, what will be
the spring constant of the combination?
-k/4
A 10-kg piece of aluminum (which has a specific heat of 900 J/kg·°C) is warmed so that its
temperature increases by 5.0 C°. How much heat was transferred into it?
-6.3x10^4J
A tire stops a car by use of fiction. What modulus should we use to calculate the stress and
strain on the tire?
-shear modulus
A uniform meterstick balances on a fulcrum placed at the 40-cm mark when a weight W is
placed at the 20-cm mark. What is the wright of the meterstick?
-2W
Supposed a car has a 100,000 mile 10 year warranty on the wheels and axles of a car. How
many turns will the wheels of 0.80-m diameter make if both the mileage and warranties run
out simultaneously and what will be the average angular velocities of the wheel? Assume
that miles = 1.6x103 m and that a year is 3.16x107s.
-6.4x10^7, 0.2 rad/s
A 0.19-m radius grinding wheel takes 2.8 s to speed up from 3.0 rad/s to 12.0 rad/s. What is
the wheel’s average angular acceleration?
-3.2 rad/s^2
fluid stream is 2.0 kg what force is the water applying to the wall if backsplash is negligible?
-32 N
A jet of water flowing from a hose at 15 m/s is directed against a wall. If the mass flow in the
fluid stream is 2.0 kg what force is the water applying to the wall if backsplash is negligible?
-30 N
An automobile accelerates from zero to 30 m/s in 6.0 s. The wheels have a diameter of 1.0 m.
What is the average angular acceleration of each wheel?
-10 rad/s^2
Tripling the weight suspended vertically from a coil spring will result in the displacement of
the spring’s lower end by what factor?
-3.0
If I0=10-2 W/m2 is the threshold of hearing a sound with intensity I1=10-11 W/ms2 will give a
certain decibel level. Suppose a new sound has an intensity I2=3I12/I0 . What is the new
decibel level?
-25 dB
A child on a swing supported by ropes of length 4 m. With what frequency will she need to
apply the driving force to maintain swinging?
-0.25 Hz
A silver bar of length 30 cm and cross-sectional area 2.0 cm2 is used to transfer heat from
a 100°C reservoir to a 0°C block of ice. How much ice is melted per second? (For Silver,
k=427 W/m · °C, For ice, Lf=334,000 J/kg.)
-0.085 g/s
A standing wave is set up in a 5-m string fixed at both ends. The string vibrates in 8 distinct
segments when driven by a 140-Hz source. In how many distinct standing wave segments
will the string vibrate if the tension is increased by a factor of 5?
-No standing wave pattern occurs.
A steel piano string is attached, under tension, at each end to secure posts. When gently
struck, a faint can be detected coming from the string. The string is then cooled by blowing
cold air over it and then struck it again. How does the note now detected compare to the
previous one.
-It is at a higher frequency than the original one.
The lower A on a piano has a frequency of 27.5 Hz. If the tension in the 2.0-m long string is
151 N and one-half wavelength occupies the string, what is the mass of the string?
-25 g
Two loudspeakers are placed facing each other and driven by the same source at 680 Hz.
Listener is positioned between the two speakers on the line separating them, thus creating a
constructive interference at the listener’s ear. If one of the speakers is gradually pushed
toward the listener, how far must it be moved to repeat the condition of constructive
interference at the listener’s ear? (The speed of sound = 340 m/s.)
-0.50 m
How much thermal energy must be added to 7.4 moles of a diatomic ideal gas to raise its
temperature 22.4 K?
-3,444 J
A system is acted on by its surroundings in such a way that it receives 50 J of heat while
simultaneously doing 20 J of work. What is its net change in internal energy?
-30 J
In an isovolumetric process where the pressure increases, are the heat absorbed, work
done by the system , and the change in internal energy of the system positive, negative, or
zero?
-Q is +, W is 0, and ΔU is +
How far away is a lightning strike if you hear the thundering 6 s after you see the lightning
bolt strike? (Vsound=340 m/s, Vhght=3x10^8 m/s)
-2,040 m
A pipe of length 10.0 m increased in length by 2.0 cm when its temperature is increased by
90°F. What is its coefficient of linear expansion?
-40x10^6/°C
While at a crosswalk, you hear a frequency of 510 Hz from an approaching police car. After
the police car passes, its frequency is 460Hz. What is the speed of the police car? (speed of
sound=340 m/s)
-17.5 m/s
If an ideal gas does positive work on its surroundings, we may assume, with regard to the
gas.
-volume increases
The motion of a piston in an automobile engine is nearly simple harmonic. If the 1-kg piston
travels back and forth over a total distance of 13.6 cm, what is its maximum speed when the
engine is running at 3,600 rpm?
-12.82 m/s
A waterfall is 70 m high. What is the increase in water temperature at the bottom of the falls
if all the initial potential energy goes into heating the water? (g=9.8 m/s2, cw=4186 J/kg·°C)
-0.16°C
A sound wave coming from a tuba has a wavelength of 1.5 m and travels to your ears at a
speed of 360 m/s. What is the frequency of the sound you hear?
-240 Hz
