Course: Chemistry
Unit: Matter
Assignment: Solubility and Temperature
Project Expectations and Instructions:
Projects and Mini Project are 20% of the overall grade. Completing and doing well on projects is very
important for your unit and overall grade.
For this project, you will be using Gizmos simulations through
ExploreLearning. Before starting this project, you will need to setup
your account. See instructions in this document: Gizmos Account
Setup Instructions YOU WILL NOT BE ABLE TO DO THE PROJECT UNTIL
YOU SETUP YOUR ACCOUNT.
This document will walk you through how to use the Gizmos simulation. Please answer all
questions in the Answer boxes in complete sentences. Make sure to include units on all
numbers. Leave the rest of the document intact. Your teacher will include notes in the
document and add points in the “Points Earned” column.
The videos below give tips for completing projects successfully.
Writing Hypotheses: https://youtu.be/T9BoeNanqCY
Writing Conclusions: https://youtu.be/O815ejDzamo
** Please read over the teacher comments after the report is submitted and graded. **
Solubility and Temperature
Student Name:
Date:
Name of Grader:
Hypothesis:
● A hypothesis is a prediction of what you think the results of the project will be before you
complete the project.
● Create an if, then statement for each part of the lab that is related to the goal(s) of the
experiment. (Example: Goal: To determine what improves student grades. Hypothesis: If
students get adequate rest, then grades will improve).
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Goal Hypotheses Possible Earned
Compare the solubility of two If one substance dissolves more than another, 5
substances (potassium then it’s solubility will be greater.
nitrate and sodium chloride)
Explore how temperature If the temperature of a solvent is higher, then the
affects solubility solubility will increase.
Prior Knowledge Questions (Do these BEFORE using the Gizmo.)
Question Answer Possible Earned
1. What happens when you stir a spoonful It dissolves into the water at a 1
of sugar into hot water? rapid rate.
When sugar or another substance is dissolved in water, it disappears from view and forms a
homogeneous mixture with the water, also called a solution.
Question Answer Possible Earned
2. If you can’t see the sugar, how can you You can tell it’s there by tasting 1
tell it is there? the water.
3. Does sugar dissolve more easily in hot or It dissolves more easily in hot 1
cold water? water.
Gizmo Warm-up
A solution generally consists of two parts, a solute that is
dissolved and a solvent that the solute is dissolved into. For
example, sugar is a solute that is dissolved into the solvent
water. In the Solubility and Temperature Gizmo, you will
study how temperature affects how much solute will dissolve
in a solution.
To begin, check that Potassium nitrate is selected and the
Temp. of the water is 20 °C. Click OK.
Question Answer Possible Earned
1. In this solution, what is the solute Solute: Potassium nitrate 2
and the solvent?
Solvent: Water
2. Click Add 10g to mix 10g of potassium nitrate into the water.
Question Answer Possible Earned
A. Did all of the potassium nitrate Yes, it all dissolved. 1
dissolve?
B. How can you tell? I can tell because it is not visible 1
anymore.
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Get the Gizmo ready:
Activity A: ● Click Reset.
Solubility ● Check that the Temp. is 20 °C and that Potassium
nitrate is selected.
Question: How do we find how much solute can be dissolved in a solvent?
1. Observe: Click OK. Click Add 20 g, and observe the potassium nitrate being mixed into the solution.
On the right, select the BAR CHART tab and turn on Show numerical value. The bars show how
much solute has been added and how much has piled up on the bottom.
Question Answer Possible Earned
Did all of the solute dissolve? Yes, it did. 1
2. Calculate: The concentration of a solution is equal to the mass of solute divided by the volume of
solvent. Units of concentration are grams per 100 milliliters (g/100 mL, or g/dL).
Question Answer Possible Earned
What is the concentration of this 20g/100mL 1
solution? Use complete units.
3. Experiment: Click Add 20 g again.
Question Answer Possible Earned
A. Did all of the solute dissolve? Explain No, it did not dissolve all of the 1
how you can tell. solute. I can tell because there is a
small pile of undissolved potassium
nitrate at the bottom of the beaker.
B. Based on the amount of solute added 30.65 grams of solute dissolved 1
and the amount piled up on the bottom, into the water.
how many grams of solute dissolved in
the water?
C. The solubility of the solution is equal to The solubility of Potassium Nitrate 2
the maximum concentration of the in water at 20⁰C is 30.65g/100mL.
solute.
What is the solubility of potassium
nitrate in 20⁰C water? Use complete
units.
4. Experiment: Click Reset, and select Sodium chloride. With the Temp. still set to 20 °C, click OK. Add
sodium chloride to the beaker until it starts piling up at the bottom.
Question Answer Possible Earned
A. How much sodium chloride did you I added 40 grams. 1
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add?
B. How much sodium chloride piled up 3.34 grams piled up on the bottom. 1
at the bottom?
C. How much sodium chloride dissolved 36.66 grams of sodium chloride 1
in the water? dissolved into the water.
D. What is the solubility of sodium 36.66g/dL 2
chloride in 20⁰C water? Use
complete units.
5. Apply: Complete the calculations to show how much sodium chloride and potassium nitrate can be
dissolved in 2L of water. Type your calculations in the “Work” boxes.
Question Answer Possible Earned
A. At 20⁰C, how much sodium chloride Work: 20 x 36.66 = 733.2 2
could be dissolved into 2L of water?
Answer: 733.2g
B. How much potassium nitrate could be Work: 20 x 30.65 = 613 2
dissolved into the same amount of
water? Answer: 613g
Get the Gizmo ready:
Activity B:
Solubility and ● Click Reset.
temperature ● Set the Temp. to 10 °C.
● Select Potassium nitrate, and click OK.
Question: How does temperature of the solvent affect solubility?
Question Answer Possible Earned
1. Predict: Based on your own I think that the higher the 1
experience, how do you expect temperature is, the greater the
temperature to affect solubility? solubility is.
2. Gather data: Use the Gizmo to measure the solubility of potassium nitrate at each temperature
given in the table below. Record values to the hundredth place. Then drag the blue dots onto the
graph to graph the resulting solubility curve at right. If you cannot get the dots to move into the
graph, please use the google doc here:
https://docs.google.com/document/d/1lgQEA9cez7C0JROe9Ohsjd5R21_tzglgmcivCIQK3oo/copy
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Solubility
Temperature
(g/100 mL)
10 °C 20.54
20 °C 30.65
30 °C 54.44
40 °C 61.91
50 °C 83.06
60 °C 107.89
70 °C 136.40
80 °C 168.59
90 °C 204.47
Possible Earne
d
Data 5
Graph 5
3. Infer: Based on your graph, what would you predict is the solubility of potassium nitrate at a
temperature of 5 °C? 95 °C? Check your 5 °C prediction with the Gizmo.
Predicted Solubility Actual Solubility
Temperature
(g/100 mL water) (g/100 mL water)
5°C 15 16.86
95 °C 220 (impossible to find)
Possible Earned
3
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4. Gather data: Use the Gizmo to measure the solubility of sodium chloride at each temperature given
in the table below. Record values to the hundredth place. Then drag the blue dots onto the graph
to graph the resulting solubility curve at right.
Solubility
Temperature
(g/100 mL)
10 °C 36.18
20 °C 36.66
30 °C 37.13
40 °C 37.61
50 °C 38.09
60 °C 38.57
70 °C 39.05
80 °C 39.52
90 °C 40.00
Possible Earne
d
Data 5
Graph 5
If you needed to use the google doc for the graphs, please paste your shareable google doc
link with both completed graphs in the box below (Only if you couldn’t move the dots in the
document):
5. Infer: Based on your graph, what would you predict is the solubility of sodium chloride at a
temperature of 5 °C? 95 °C? Check your 5 °C prediction with the Gizmo.
Predicted Solubility Actual Solubility
Temperature
(g/100 mL water) (g/100 mL water)
5°C 36 35.94
95 °C 40.21 40.24
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Possible Earned
4
Question Answer Possible Earned
6. Compare: How does the solubility The solubility curve for sodium 2
curve for sodium chloride compare chloride is not really a curve
with the solubility curve for potassium because the change in temperature
nitrate? affects it so little. On the other
hand, the solubility curve for
potassium nitrate rises very
quickly.
7. Think and discuss: What do you think I think it would be more like the 2
the solubility curve would look like for solubility curve for potassium
sugar? Explain. nitrate. This is because sugar is
degraded by heat, and dissolve in
water, so the combination should
dissolve sugar rather quickly at
higher heats.
Conclusion:
Discuss the Hypotheses - Look back at hypotheses you wrote on page 1.
Answer Possible Earned
What were your hypotheses and were My hypotheses were, “If one 4
they correct? (minimum 2-3 sentences) substance dissolves more than
another, then it’s solubility will be
greater,” and “If the temperature
of a solvent is higher, then the
solubility will increase.” The first
one was partially correct, and the
second was definitely correct.
How do you know your hypotheses were I knew my hypotheses were correct 7
correct or incorrect? Use relevant by observing the results of the
data/observations to support your Gizmo. I knew that the first one
answer. (minimum 3-5 sentences) was true after calculating the
solubility of both substances.
Whichever mixture was able to
dissolve more of the solute, had a
greater solubility. For example,
potassium nitrate had a solubility
of 30.65 while sodium chloride had
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a solubility of 36.66 at 30° C. My
second hypothesis was true
because I observed the results of
adjusting the temperature. Both
substances had a greater solubility
at higher temperatures.
Discuss the Goals - Form a summary statement for each goal, showing you understand and have met
the goals of this lab. Be sure to explain all major concepts and relationships presented in this lab.
(minimum 3-5 sentences for each)
Answer Possible Earned
Goal 1: Compare the solubility of two Potassium nitrate had a much 10
substances (potassium nitrate and sodium higher solubility than sodium
chloride) chloride at temperatures at or
above 30° C. However, sodium
chloride had a higher solubility at
20° C or lower. This was shown by
how much of the substance was
left at the bottom of the beaker
after adding a certain amount.
Sodium chloride had a higher up
front solubility, but then only
increased very minutely as the
temperature went up. Potassium
nitrate on the other hand,
increased its solubility very quickly
when the temp
Goal 2: Explore how temperature affects Sodium chloride had a higher up
solubility front solubility, but then only
increased very minutely as the
temperature went up. Potassium
nitrate on the other hand,
increased its solubility very quickly
when the temperature was raised.
Generally, it appears that the
temperature affects solubility of
substances. The higher the
temperature, the higher the
solubility.
Points Earned:
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Units/Spell Check/etc: 5
Points Possible 85
Total Score:
Areas of Strength:
Areas for Growth:
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