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100% found this document useful (1 vote)
329 views416 pages1800 Mechanical Movements Devices and AP
Uploaded by
Samuel EstradaCopyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF or read online on Scribd
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Mechanical Movements,
Devices and Aplanes
GARDNER D. HISCOX DOVER SCIENCE BOOKS
De Re METALLICA, Georgius Agricola. (0-486-60006-8)
C.oup Puysics: A PopuLaR INTRODUCTION TO APPLIED METEOROLOGY, Louis J.
Battan. (0-486-42885-0)
‘THe FeRMi SOLUTION: Essays on Science, Hans Christian von Baeyer.
(0-486-41707-7)
EXPERIMENTS AND OBSERVATIONS ON THE GasTRIC JUICE AND THE PHYSIOLOGY OF
Dicestion, William Beaumont. (0-486-69213-2)
CLoups IN A GLASS OF BEER: SIMPLE EXPERIMENTS IN ATMOSPHERIC PHysics, Craig
F Bohren. (0-486-41738-7),
EINSTEIN’ 's THEORY oF RELATIVITY, Max Born. (0-486-60769-0)
1D LETTERS ON EVOLUTION AND ORIGIN OF SpEciES, Charles Darwin. (0-
486-20479-0)
THe NOTEBOOKS OF LEONARDO DA ViNCcI, Leonardo da Vinci. (Available in
United States only.) (0-486-22572-0, -486-22573-9) Two-volume set
‘THe GEOMETRY OF RENE Descartes, René Descartes. (0-486-60068-8)
INVESTIGATIONS ON THE THEORY OF THE BROWNIAN MoveMeNT, Albert Einstein.
(0-486-60304-0)
‘THE PRINCIPLE OF RELATIVITY, Albert Einstein, et al. (0-486-60081-5)
‘SIDELIGHTS ON RELATIVITY, Albert Einstein. (0-486-24511-X)
‘THE THIRTEEN BOOKS OF Eucub’s ELEMENTS, translated with an introduction and
commentary by Sir Thomas L. Heath. (0-486-60088-2, 0-486-60089+),
0-486-60090-4) Three-volume set
GALILEO AND THE ScienTiFIC RevoLuTioN, Laura Fermi and Gilberto
Bernardini. (0-486-43226-2)
‘TritrmopyNamics, Enrico Fermi, (0-486-60361-X)
On Dreams, Sigmund Freud (translated by M. D. Eder). (0-486-41595-3)
Wir anp Its ReLation ‘to THE UNconscious, Sigmund Freud. (0-486-27742-9)
Diaocues ConcerNinc Two New Sciences, Galileo Galilei. (0-486-60099-8)
‘Tre TRIUMPH OF THE DARWINIAN METHOD, Michael T. Ghiselin. (0-486-43274-2)
De Manet, William Gilbert. (0-486-26761-X)
‘THe ANaromicaL Exercises: De Motu Corbis AND Dé CIRCULATIONE SANGUINIS IN
ENGLISH TRANSLATION, William Harvey. (0-486-68827-5)
PLASMA ConrinemeNt, R. D. Hazeltine and J. D. Meiss. (0-486-43242-4)
THe PHYSICAL PRINCIPLES OF THE QUANTUM THEORY, Werner Heisenberg.
(0-486-60113-7)
ON THE SENSATIONS OF Tone, Hermann L. F. Helmholtz. (0-486-60753-4)
Man’s PLace IN NaTurE, Thomas H. Huxley. (0-486-43273-4)
‘THe PRINCIPLES OF PsYCHOLOGY, William James. (0-486-20381-6, 0-486-20382-4)
Two-volume set
PsycHOLoGy: THE BRIEFER Course, William James. (0-486-41604-6)
THEORIES OF FIGURES OF CELESTIAL Bopies, Wenceslas S. Jardetzky.
(0-486-44148-2)
Puysics AND PHILosopHy, Sir James Jeans. (0-486-24117-3)
‘Science AND Music, Sir James Jeans. (0-486-61964-8)
(continued on back flap) 1800
MECHANICAL
MOVEMENTS
Devices and Appliances
Sixteenth Edition, Enlarged
GARDNER D. HISCOX
DOVER PUBLICATIONS, INC.
Mineola, New York Bibliographical Note
This Dover edition, first published in 2007, is an unabridged republication of the
1921 sixteenth (enlarged) edition of the work originally published in 1921 by The
Norman W. Henley Publishing Co, New York, under the title Mechanical Movemenis,
Powers and Devices: A treatise describing mechanical movements and devices used
in constructive and operative machinery and the mechanical arts, being practically a
mechanical dictionary, commencing with a rudimentary description of the early
known mechanical powers and detailing the various motions, appliances and inven-
tions used in the mechanical arts to the present time. The first edition was published
in 1899,
International Standard Book Number: 0-486-45743-5
Manufactured in the United States of America
Dover Publications, Inc., 31 East 2nd Street, Mineola, N.Y. 11501 PREFACE
+
The need for an illustrated and condensed work of reference
for the inventor, the mechanical student, the artisan, and the work-
ingman with the ambition of an inquiring mind, has become not
only apparent to teachers of mechanics, but a real want among all
who are interested in mechanical thought and work.
It is an interest the growth of which has been greatly encour-
aged by the rapid development of the inventive and mechanical
arts during the past half century,
The increasing inquiries from inventors and mechanics, in
regard to the principles and facts in constructive and operative
mechanics have induced the author to gather such illustrations as
have been found available on the subject of mechanical motions,
devices, and appliances, and to place them in a form for ready
reference with only sufficient text to explain the general principles
of construction and operation, and as a partial exhibit of the
mechanical forms in general use, with a view to place the largest
amount of illustrated information within the limited means of
the humblest seeker after mechanical knowledge.
The field of illustrated mechanics seems almost unlimited,
and with the present effort the author has endeavored partially to
fill a void and thus to help the inquirer in ideal and [eS
mechanics, in the true line of research,
Mechanical details can best be presented to the mind by dia-
grams or illustrated forms, and this has been generally acknowl-
edged to be the quickest and most satisfactory method of convey-
ing the exact conditions of mechanical action and construction.
Pictures convey to the inquiring mind by instantaneous com-
parison what detailed description by its successive presentation of
ideas and relational facts fail to do; hence a work that appeals
directly to the eye with illustrations and short attached descrip-
tions, it is hoped, will become the means of an acceptable form of mechanical education that appeals to modern wants for the en-
couragement of inventive thought, through the study of illustra-
tions and descriptions of the leading known principles and facts
in constructive art.
The designing of the details of mechanical motion, devices,and
appliances for specific purposes is an endless theme in the con-
structive mind, and if we may be allowed to judge from the vast
number of applications for patents, of which there have been over
a million in the United States alone, and of which over six hundred
thousand have been granted in consideration of their novelty and
utility, the run of mechanical thought seems to have become a vast
river in the progress of modern civilization.
To bring into illustrated detail all the known forms and ele-
ments of construction is not within the limit of a human life; but
to explore the borders of inventive design through the works that
have passed into record has been the principal aim of the author of
this book.
GARDNER D. HISCOX.
PREFACE TO SIXTEENTH EDITION
The success of the previous editions of this work warrants
the issue of this edition in enlarged and improved form. More
than one hundred and sixty up-to-date mechanical movements and
devices have been added, including many Straight Line Move-
ments, thus making it a most useful book of reference for those
engaged in mechanical studies and pursuits, notably inventors
and designers of machinery, in fact, for all whg are interested in
mechanics and its devices. CONTENTS.
SECTION I.
THE MECHANICAL POWERS.
WercHt, Resonvtion or Forces, Parssures, Levers, PULLEYS, TACKLE,
The Resolution of Suspension—Lever Paradox—The Lever and Its Power—
The Inclined Plane—The Wedge—The Screw—Worm Gear or Endless Screw
—Chinese Wheel—Tackle Blocks—Chinese Windlass—Chinese Shaft Derrick—
Compound Weight Motor—Rope Twist Lever—Spanish Windlass—Rope Grip
Hook—Guy Rope Clip and Thimble—Rope End—Hemp Rope End. , .17 to 28
SECTION II.
TRANSMISSION OF POWER,
Repss, Be.ts, Friction GEAR, Spur, BEVEL, AND SCREW GEAR.
Alternating Circular Motion—Circular Motion—Eccentric Crank—Capstan, or
Vertical Windlass—Steering Gear—Jumping Motion—Rope Sprocket Wheel—
V-Grooved Rope Pulley—Rope Transmission—Vibratory Motion—Transmission
by Rope—Transmission by Rope to a Portable Drill or Swing Saw—Horizontal
Rope Transmission—Rope Transmission—Rope Transmission to a Movable
Shaft—Vertical Tension Carriage—Belt Lacing—Novel Belt Lacing—Over-
and-Over Lacing—Interlocking Belt Lacing—Cross Lacing—Sectional Belt Lac-
ing—Quarter Twist Belt—Full Twist Belt—Full Twist or Cross Belt—Belting
to a Shaft at any Angle—Quarter Twist Return Belt—Change Speed Step
Pulleys—Cone Pulleys—Curved Cone Pulleys—Shifting Device for Cone Pulleys
—Belt Transmission—Belt Transmission of Power—Variable Transmission of
Motion—Stop, Driving, and Reversing Motion—Two Speed Pulleys and Belts—
Pulleys, Combined with a Differential Gear—Transmission of Two Speeds—
Two-Speed Gear—Variable Speed or Cone Gearing—Transmission of Power
—Frictional Rectilinear Motion—Variable Rotary Motion—Variable Motion
—Friction Gear—Transmission of Variable Speed—Variable Speed Gear—
‘Transmission of Rotary Motion—Combination of Friction Gear—Grooved Fric-
tion Gearing—Variable Motion—Transmission of Circular Motion—Three Crank
Link—Sprocket Wheel and Chain—Link Belt and Pulley—Toothed Link Chain
and Pulley—Step Gear—V-Toothed Gearing—Oblique Tooth Gear—V-Toothed
Gear—Split Spur Gear—Star Wheel Gear—Elastic Spur Gear—Internal Spur
Gear and Pinion—Bevel Gears—Crown Wheel—Spiral Gearing—Oblique, Spur,
and Bevel Gear—Oblique Bevel Gear—Gear Train— Worm Gear—Skew Worm
and Wheel Gear—Uniform Intermittent Motion—Variable Speed Bevel Gear.
29 to 46 4 CONTENTS.
SECTION III.
MEASUREMENT OF POWER.
SPEED, PRESSURE, WEIGHT, NUMBERS, QUANTITIES, AND APPLIANCES.
Prony Brake—The Prony Brake Rule—“ Webber” Dynamometer—Measure-
ment of Power—“Tatham’s” Dynamometer—Bell-Crank Dynamometer—
“ Neer’s ” Rotary Transmitting Dynamometer—“Van Winkle’s ” Power Meter—
‘Traction Recording Dynamometer—Friction Machine—Torsion Dynamometer—
Tensile Testing Machine—Bourdon Pressure Gauge—Corrugated Tube-Pressure
Gauge—Recording Pressure Gauge—Parallel Motion of the Indicator—Parallel
Motion for the Indicator—“Amsler” Planimeter—“ Lippincott” Planimeter—
Centrifugal Speed Indicator—Speed Indicator—Meter Dial—Automatic Tipping
Scale—Double Link Balanced Scale—Differential Weighing Beam—Engine
Counter—Operation of a Counter—Intermittent Rotary Motion—Tire Measure
Counter... pauriusconeeenmersnnracts ar ragiee 50)
SECTION Iv.
STEAM POWER.
BOILERS AND ADJUNCTS, ENGINES, VALVES AND VALVE GEAR, PARALLEL
Motion GEAR, GOVERNORS AND ENGINE Devices, ROTARY ENGINES,
OscILLATING ENGINES.
“Stevens” Boiler—Plain Cylindrical Boilers—Hanging Water Drum Cylindrical
Boiler—Cylindrical Double Flue Boiler—Internally Fired Flue Boiler—Hori-
zontal Tubular Boiler—Locomotive Boiler—Marine Boiler—“ Eclipse ” Return
‘Tubular Marine Boiler—* Galloway” Boiler—Internal Fired Cylindrical Tubular
Boiler— Dion” Vehicle Boiler—* Babcock and Wilcox ” Water Tube Boiler—
“ Harrison” Boiler—Submerged Head Vertical Boiler—“ Hérreshoft ” Boiler—
“ Thomycroft” Boiler—“ See” Water Tube Boiler—* Yarrow” Water Tube
Boiter—“ Boyer's” Water Tube Boiler—“ Hazelton” Boiler—“ Climax” Boiler—
“ Moyes” Water Tube Boiler—* Wheeler” Vertical Tube Boiler—“ Cahall” Ver-
tical Water Tube Boiler—Vertical Water Tube Boiler—Boiler of the “ Serpollet”
‘Tricycle—“ Serpollet’s” Steam Generator—“ Serves” Boiler Tube—Shaking and
Tipping Furnace Grate—Shaking Grate for a Boiler Furnace—Furnace Grate
with Dumping Sections—“ Columbia” Stoker—“Playford” Mechanical Stoker—
“ American” Boiler Stoker—Mechanical Stoker—“ Jones ” Model of a Mechan-
ical Stoker—“ Meissner ” Model of a Mechanical Stoker for a Furnace—Feed
Worm and Air Blast—Petroleum Burner—Pop Safety Valve—Differential Seat
Safety Valve—Safety Valve—Original Form of the Molipile or Hero’s Steam
Engine—Steeple Engine—Vertical Engine, with Bell-Crank Lever—Inclined
Paddle-Wheel Engine—Diagonal Twin-Screw Engine—Twin-Screw Vertical
Cylinder Engine—Trank Engine—Oscillating Engine—Compound Oscillating
Engine—Oscillating Hoisting Engine—Three-Cylinder Engine—Tandem Com-
pound Vertical Engine—Compound Engines—Compound Yacht Engine—
High-Speed Tandem Compound Engine—Modern High-Speed Engine~
Single D Slide Valve—Balanced Slide Valve—Double-Ported Slide Valve~ CONTENTS. 5
“Meyer” Cut-off Valve—Single D Slide Valve—Gridiron Slide Valve—Rotary
‘Valves—Steam Engine Valve Chest—Balanced Slide Valve—Balanced Slide
Valve (Buchanan & Richter’s Patent)—“Richardson-Allen” Balanced Slide
Valve—Balanced Throttle Valve—Wing Throttle Valve—Multiple Port Piston
Throttle Valve—‘ Corliss” Valve Gear—Locomotive Link-Motion Valve Gear
—Walschaert's Valve Gear—Reversing Link Motion—Valve Gear—‘Joy’s”
Valve Gear—* Bremme ” Valve Gear—Single Eccentric Valve Gear—Cam-Bar
‘Valve Movement—Valve Gear of a Cornish Engine—Variable Expansion Gear
—Single Eccentric Variable Valve Throw— Allen” Valve Lift or Toe—Tappet
Lever Valve Motion—Starting Lever—Simple Unhooking Device—Simple Re-
versing Gear—Joy’s” Hydraulic Shifting Eccentric—Shifting Eccentric—
Valve Motion Fecentric— Peaucellier’s” Parallel Motion—Parallel Motion
—*Cartwright’s” Parallel Motion—Cross-Head Slide—Rack Gear Parallel
Motion—“ Watt” Governor—Compensating Governor—Gravity Centrifugal
Governor—Engine Governor—Centrifugal Ball Governor—Inverted Governor
—Direct-Acting Centrifugal Governor—Spring Balanced Centrifugal Governor
—Parabolic Governor—“ Anderson's” Gyroscope Governor—Horizontal Cen-
trifugal Governor—Vane or Wing Governor—Governor for a Steam Engine—
Differential Governor—« Hunton” Governor—“ Proell” Governor— Porter”
Governor—‘ Richardson” Governor—Principle of the “ Pickering” Governor
—* Pickering” Governor—Pulley or Fly-Wheel Governor—Crank-Shaft Gover-
nor—Fly-Wheel or Pulley Governor—Slotted Cross-Head—Trammel Crank—
Crank-Pin Lubricator—Centrifugal Crank-Pin Oiler—Centrifugal Lubricating
Device—“ Cochrane” Rotary Engine— Franchot” Rotary Engine—Double
Slide Piston Rotary Engine—“ILamb” Rotary Engine— Cochrane” Rotary
Engine—Rotary Engine—“Napuer” Rotary Engine—Roller Piston Rotary
Engine— Cochrane” Rotary Engine—*« Boardman ” Rotary Engine—* Smith”
Rotary Engine—“Berrenburg” Rotary Engine— Fletcher's” Rotary Con.
densing Engine—“Bartrum and Powell” Rotary Engine—t Ritter” Rotary
Engine—“ Holly” Rotary Engine—‘ Stocker” Rotary Engine— Forrester”
Rotary Engine—“ Kipp” Rotary Piston Engine— Ruth's ” Rotary Engine—
“Almond” Engine—Rotating Cylinder Engine—Rotary Multicylinder Engine
—‘Bates” Compound Vibrating Engine—“Davies’” Disc Engine—* Reu-
leaux” Engine or Pump—“ Link” Vibratory Engine—Oscillating Piston Engine
—Vibrating Piston Engine—“ Knickerbocker” Four Piston Rotary Engine—
“Roots” Double Quadrant Kngine—“Root’s” Square Piston Engine—
“Dake” Square Piston Engine—“Wilkinson’s” Steam Turbine— Dow”
Steam Turbine—" De Laval” Steam Turbine—“ Parsons?” Steam Turbine.
57 to to2
SECTION V,
STEAM APPLIANCES.
Unsectors, Srzam Pumps, CoNDENSERS, SEPARATORS, TRAPS, AND VALVES
“Peerless” Injector—Shaeffer and Budenberg” Injector—‘ National ”
Automatic Injector— Metropolitan ” Injector—“Lunkenheimer” Injector—
“Eberman” Injector—“ Nathan” Injector—é Little Giant” Injector— Pen-
berthy” Special Injector—“Park” Injector— Sellers’” Restarting Injector 6 CONTENTS.
—“ Little Giant ” Locomotive Injector—“ Metropolitan.” Double-Tube Injector
—*Brownley” Injector—* Leader” Injector—“ Excelsior” Injector—* Kort-
ing” Injector—* Hancock ” Inspirator—Ball-Valve Injector—* Hancock” Loco:
motive Inspirator—“ Standard " Injector—« Sellers’ ” Self-A djusting Injector—
Steam Pump—‘ Misch’s” Valve Tappet—Independent Jet Condenser Pump—
Ejector Condenser—Exhaust Jet Condenser—Balanced Reducing Valve—Pre-
sure Reducing Valve—“ Foster ” Pressure Reducing Valve—“ Hotchkiss ” Boiler
Cleaner—Feed-Water Heater—Steam Separator—Filter for Boiler—Return
Steam Trap—Spring Steam Trap—Steam Trap—“ Bundy” Steam Trap—
Steam Trap with Valve— Heintz” Steam Trap—* Moran’s” Flexible Steam
Joint—Corrugated Expansion Coupling—Flanged Expansion Joint—Auto-
matic Relief Valve—Horizontal Swing Check Valve—Globe Valve—Exhaust
Steam Head—Centrifugal Exhaust Head, se sesees 0103 to 116
SECTION VI.
MOTIVE POWER.
Gas anp Gasouine Encines, VALve Gra AND APPLIANCES, CONNECTING
Rops anp Hans.
Gasoline Engine—Sectional Plan of a Gasoline Engine—Simple Gas or Gasoline
Engine—Gasoline Engine Valve Gear—“Union” Model Gas Engine—Gasoline
Carriage Motor—Vertical Gasoline Engine—Vertical Kerosene Oil Engine—
“Diesel” Motor— Vertical Gas Engine—Street Railway Gas Motor Passenger Car
Gasoline Motor Car—Valve Gear—Double-Grooved Eccentric Valve Gearfor
a Four-cycle Gas Engine—Plumb-Rob Governor—Inertia Governor—Pendulam
Governor—Differential Cam Throw—Governor and Variable Cam—Inlet
‘Valve—Gas Engine Valve Gear—Gasoline Vaporizer—Carburetter—Automatic
Oiler—Uniform Automatic Oiler—Crank-Rod Head Adjustment—Trunk Piston
Rod—Connecting Rod Head—Connecting Rod End—Solid Strap End—Steel
Ball Adjustment—Solid End Connecting Rod—Forked End Connecting Rod
—Adjustable Link—Link or Connecting Rod......+seesee8 :eee+II7 to 130
SECTION VIL
HYDRAULIC POWER AND DEVICES.
Warer Wxzzts, Tursines, Governors, Imracr Wurets, Pumrs, Rorary
Pumps, SteHons, WATER Lirrs, Eyecrors, WATER Rams, Merers, InpI-
caTors, Pressure RecuLators, VaLvzs, Prre Joints, Frvrers.
Overshot Water Wheei—Iron Overshot Wheel—Undershot Water Wheel—
Saw-Mill Water Wheel—Breast Water Wheel—Flutter Wheel—Barker Wheel
—Current Motor—Current Water Wheel—Fixed Bucket Water-Raising Cur
rent Wheel—Bucketed Water-Raising Current Wheel—Current Wheel Water
Lift—Drainage Wheel—Persian Wheel—Ancient Water Lift—“Archimedian”
Screw Water Lift—Volute Turbine—High-Pressure Turbine—“ Leffel” Dou-
ble-Runner Turbine—“Jonval” Turbine—Turbine and Gate— Lancaster”
‘Turbine—" Munson” Double Turbine—Camden” Turbine— Model” Turbine CONTENTS. x
—*Swain” Turbine—“ Warren” Central Discharge Turbine—Fourneron”
Turbine—Belt Water-Wheel Govemor—Water Wheel Governor—Impact
‘Water Wheel—Pelton Water Wheel—Buckets of a Pelton Water Whed—
Power of Water—Compound Beam Pumping Engine—“Dean” Steam Pump
—Worthington Duplex Pump—Hialf-Yoke Connection—Yoke Connection—
Reversing Movement—Double-Acting Lift and Force Pump—Double-Acting
Differential Pump—Lift and Force Pump—Tramp Pumping Device—Lift Pump
—Double Lantern Hellows Pump or Blower—Diaphragm Pump—* Fairburn”
Bailing Scoop—Pendulum Water Lift—Chain Pump—Reciprocating Motion—
‘Well Pulley and Buckets—Swape, or New Engine Sweep—Parallel Motion—
“Golding” Centrifugal Pump—“ Quimby” Screw Pump—Rotary Pump—“ Pap-
penheim” Rotary Pump—“ Repsold” Rotary Pump—Tri-Axial Rotary Pump
Rotary Pump or Motor—*Cary” Rotary Pump—Vacuum Jet Condenser
and Rotary Pump—‘Ramelli” Rotary Pamp— Heppel” Rotary Pump—
“Emera” Rotary Pump—*Knott” Rotary Pump— Pattison” Rotary Pump
— Cochrane” Rotary Pump—Hydraulic Transmission of Power—Siphon—
Ejector or Jet Pump—Automatic Water Ejector—Automatic Sprinkler—
Hydraulic Ram—“ Pearsall’s” Hydraulic Ram and Air ‘Compressor—Silent
Hydraulic Ram—Double-Piston Reaction Hydraulic Ram— Water Meter—Disc
‘Water Meter—Water Velocity Indicator and Register—Anchored Ferry Boat—
“Mueller” Water-Pressure Regulator—“ Mason” Water-Pressure Regulator—
Pump Water-Pressure Regulating Valve—Hydraulic Press—Hydrostatic Press
—Hydraulic Intensifier—Portable Hydraulic Riveter—iydraulic Rail Bender
—Hydraulic Rail Punch—Hydraulic Elevator Lift—Horizontal Hydraulic
Elevator Lift—Hydraulic Pulling Jack—Water Purifying Filter—Reversible
Filter—Filtering Cistem—Upward Flow Filter—Domestic Filter—Porous
Water Filter—Stoneware Filter—“ Ward” Flexible Pipe Joint—Flexible Ball
Joint—Flexible Pipe Joints—Universal Pipe Joint—Toggle Clip Pipe Joint
Bibb—Disc Valve and Guard—Double-Beat Disc Valve—Hydraulic Valve—
Multiple Ball Valve—Multiple Ring Valve—Double-Beat Pump Valve—Vibra-
ting Motion—Variable Compensating Weights—Sand Auger—Driven Well
Automatic Flush Sewer Tank—Atomizer—Ball and Jet Nozzle—Spray Jet
Nozzle—Hero’s Fountain—“Chapman” Aspirator or Vacuum Pump—Hy.
Graulic Lifte......ceccesees w teeeeeeseeasssIQh to 164
SECTION VIII.
AIR POWER APPLIANCES,
Winpaatts, BeLLows, BLowzns, AiR COMPRESSORS, ComPREsseD AIR Tools,
Motors, Aim Ware Lirts, BLowprpzs,
Aneroid Barometer, Box Kite—Curved Vane Windmill or Motor—Feathering
‘Windmill—Hemispherical Cup Windmill—Windmill of our Grandfathers—
Windmill and Steel Tower—Modern Windmill—Ancient Windmill—Electric
Windmill Plant—Smith's Circular Bellows—Double Organ-Blowing Bellows
—Three-Throw Bellows—Foot Bellows—Fan Blower— Hodges” Compound
Blower—“ Wedding” Rotary Blower—‘ Fabry” Rotary Blower—*Root”
Rotary Blower—Hydraulic Air Compressor—Piston Hydraulic Air Compressot
—Tromp or Hydraulic Air Blast—Air Compressor—Hydraulic Air Compressor 8 CONTENTS.
—Automatic Air Compressor—Water-Jet Air Compressor—Trunk Air Com-
Pressor—Duplex Steam-Actuated Air Compressor—Compound Air Com-
Pressor—Duplex Air Compressor—Togg!. -Joint Duplex Air Compressor—
Air Compressor Cylinder—Piston and Valves—Air-Compressing Cylinder—
Air Compressor Governor—Air-Cooling Receiver—Single Valve Air Pump—
Crank Equalizing Angle—Crank Equalizing Angle in Air Compression—Direct
Air Pressure Pump—Compressed Air Water Elevator—Raising Sunken Ves-
sels—Compressed Air Lift System—Compressed Air Power—Compound
Pneumatic Locomotive—Pneumatic Paint Sprayer—Portable Fire Ex-
tinguisher—Fire Extinguisher—Compressed Air Lift—Duplex Pneumatic
Riveter—Pneumatic Hammer— Hotchkiss” Atmospheric Hammer—Grim-
shaw” Compressed Air Hammer—Compressed Air Sheepshearing Machine—
Portable Riveter—Pneumatic Portable Riveter—Pneumatic Breast Drill—
Pneumatic Motor Drill Stock—Air and Gasoline Torch—Torch Soldering Cop-
per—Air and Gasoline Vapor Brazer—aAir and Gasoline Brazing Apparatus—
Double Cone Ventilator—Spiral Vane or Cowl—Wind Instruments 165 to 188
SECTION Ix. *
ELECTRIC POWER AND CONSTRUCTION.
Generators, Motors, WiRING, CowrrozLinG AND MEAst7uN, LicHTING,
Execrarc FURNACES, FANS, SEARCHLIGHT, AND ELEcrric APPLIANCES.
Series Wound Motor or Generator—Electric Generator Construction—Single-
Pole Shunt Generator—Four-Pole Ring Armature—Ring Armature—Two-Pole
or Shuttle Spool Armature—Shuttle Armature—Maltiple Brash Commutator—
Bipolar Shunt Generator—Four-Pole Compound Generator—Electric Gener-
ator Construction—Consequent-Pole Compound Generator—Triple-Expansion
Engine and Multipolar Dynamo—Direct-Connected Vertical Compound Engine
—Flexible Coupling—Car Track Motors—Electric Fusible Cut-Out—Rheostat
or Resistance Coils—Trolley Car—Sectional Feeder System—Street Railway
Single Motor—Electric Car Brake—Electric Street-Car Brake—Electric Igniter
—Sparking Dynamo—Magneto-Electric Machine—Electric Thermostat—Tele-
phone Transmitter—Telephone Receiver—Electric Gas Lighter—Pocket Elec:
tric Light—Are Light and Regulating Gear—Luminous Fountain—Electric
Heater—Electric Soldering Copper—Electric Sad Iron—Electric Searchlight—
Electric Furnace—Open-top Electric Furnace—‘ Siemens” Electric Gas Fur-
nace—‘Cowles” Electric Furnace—Electric Welding Plant—Portable Electric
Motor Drill Plant—Electric Perforating Pen—Electric Hoist—Electric Brake
—Electric Rock Drill—Electric Fan—Electric-Driven Fan +189 to 204
SECTION X.
NAVIGATION AND ROADS.
Vessrts, Saris, Rope Knots, PADDLE WHEELS, PRopeLters, RoAD SCRAPERS
‘AND Roxters, Veutctes, Moror CARRracEs, TrIcyctxs, BICYCLES, AND
Motor Apyuncrs.
Leg-of Mutton Sail—Skip Jack—Square or Lug Sail—Lateen Rig—Split Lug
or Square Sail—Two-Masted or Dipping Lug—Newport Cat-Boat—Sloop— CONTENTS, 9
Lateen-Rigged Felucca—Pirogne—Three-Quarter Lug Rig—“ Sliding Gunter”
—Skiff Vawl Rig—Sloop Vawl—Jib Topsail Sloop—The Cutter—Schooner
Rig—Full Schooner Rig—Topsail Schooner—Clab Topsail Rig—Hermaphro-
dite Brig—A Brigantine—A Barkentine—Full-Rigged Brig—A Bark—Full-
Rigged Ship—Ice Boat—Rope Knots and Hitches—Clove Hitch—Half Hitch
—Timber Hitch—Square or Reef Knot—Stevedore Knot—Slip Knot—Flem:
ing Loop—Bowline Knot—Carrick Bend—Sheet Bend and Toggle—Sheet
Bend—Overhand Knot—Figure Eight Knot—Double Knot—Blackwall Tackle
Hitch—Fisherman’s Bend Hitch—Round Tum and Half Hitch—Chain Stop
—Disengaging Hook—Slip Hook—Releasing Hook—Boat-Detaching Hook—
Swinging Oarlock—Pivoted Steps—Screw Anchor—Floating Lighthouse—
Stone Dry-Dock—Floating Dry-Dock—Feathering Paddie Wheel or Water
Motor—Vertical Bucket Paddle Wheel—Feathering Paddle Wheel—Outward
‘Thrust -Propeller Wheel—Screw Propeller—Reversing Propeller—Reversing
Screw Propeller--Screw Propulsion—Thrust Bearing—« Silver’s” Marine Gov-
ernor—Deep-Sea Sounding Ball—Sounding Weight Release—Sampler Sounding
‘Weight—Submarine Lamp—Road Builders’ Level— Road Machine—Reversible
Road Roller—Road Roller—Single Eccentric Reversing Gear—Elastic Wheel
—Spring Wheel—Application of Trace Springs— Serpollet’s” Steam Tricycle
—Steam Fire Engine—Jacketless Gasoline Carriage Motor—Gasoline Motor
Carriage—Light Electric Carriage—Electric Phaeton—Electric Brougham—
Differential Gear—Baby-Carrier Tricyde—Electric Tricycle—Ice Bicycle—
Bicycle Gear—Bicycle Crank—Swinging Ball-Bearing Bicycle Pedal—A. F.
‘Haven’s Planetary Crank Gear—Detachable Link Chain—Ball-Bearing Problem
—Acetylene Bicycle Lamp—Bicycle Lamp........eseeseeeeseeee +4205 to 228
SECTION XI
GEARING,
Racks anp Prvions; Srreat, Enuirrical anp Worm Gran; DIFFERENTIAL
AND Sror-Moriow Gear; EpteyciicaL AND Pranerary Trains; “FEr-
cuson’s” PaRapox,
Ordinary Rack and Pinton—Doubling the Length of a Crank Stroke—Sawmill
Feed—Rack Motion—Air-Pump Movement—Circular Rack—Rectilinear
Vibrating Motion—Vertical Drop Hammer—Sector Pinion and Double Rack
—Reciprocating Motions—Crank Substitute—Alternate Circular Motion—
Quick Back Motion—Alternate Rectilinear Motion—Reciprocating Rectilinear
Motion—Mangle Rack—Mangle Wheel—Mangle Wheel Gear—Continuous
Rotary Motion—Mangle Machine Gear—Worm Screw Rack—Rotary Motion
—Adjustable Feed Rolls—Saw-Tooth Worm Gear—Right- and Left-Hand
Worm Gear—Three-Part Worm Screw—Traversing Motion—Globoid Spiral
Gear Wheels—Internal Worm-Gear Wheel—Worm-Gear Pinion—Anti-Fric-
tion Worm Gear—Release Rotary Motion—Release Cam—Hunting Tooth
Worm Gear—Differential Screw and Gear Movement—Complex Alternating
Reciprocal Motion—Two-Toothed Pinion—Pin Wheel and Slotted Pinion—
Variable Rotary Motion—Scroll Gear—Spiral Hoop Geer—Accelerated Cir
cular Motion—Roller-Bearing Gear Teeth—Ball Gear—Spiral Gearing—Ex- 8 CONTBWTS.
panding Pulley—Concentric Differential Speed—Differential Motions—Differen
tial Gear—Doubling the Number of Revolutions on One Shaft—Multiple Gear
Speed—Variable Throw Traversing Bar—Revolution of a Pinion—Differential
Speed—Capstan Gear—Slow Forward and Quick Back C:, cular Motion—Geared
Grip Tongs—Variable Circular Motion—Elliptical. Spar Gear—Elliptical Gear
Wheel—Irregular Circular Motion—Variable Reciprocating Motion—Altemat-
ing Rectilinear Motion—Intermittent Motion of Spur Gear—Spiral Stop-Motion
Gear—Fast and Slow Motion Spur Gear—Intermittent Gears—Intermittent
Rotary Motion—Inegular Vibratory Motion—Variable Vibrating Motion—
Motion by Rolling Contact—Variable Sectional Motion—Uniform Speed of
Sectional Spur Gear—Scroll Gearing—Intermittent Rotary Motion—Stop Roller
Motion—Change Gear Motion—Differential Driving Gear—Equalizing Pulley
—Equalizing Gear—Doubling a Revolution on Same Shaft—Continuous Shaft
Motion—Altemating Motion—Eccentric Wheel Train—Epicyclic Gear—Epi-
cyclic ‘Train—Automatic Clutch Motion for Reversing—Eccentric Gear—Sun
and Planet Crank Motion—High-Speed Epicyclic Train—Sun and Planet
‘Winding Gear—Epicyclic Gear Train—Compound Epicyclic Train—Planetary
‘Motion—Planetary Gear Train—* Ferguson’s” Mechanical Paradox. 229 to 252
SECTION XII.
MOTION AND DEVICES CONTROLLING MOTION,
RatcueTs AND PAWLS, CAMS, CRANKS, INTERMITTENT AND SToP MorIoNs,
‘Wrrrrs, VoLUTE Canis, VARIABLE CRANKS, UNIVERSAL SHAFT COUPLINGS,
Gyroscorr.
Ratchet Bar Lift—Ratchet Lift—Ratchet Governor—Rotary Motion—Inter-
mittent Circular Motion—Intermittent Rotary Motion—Double Pawl Ratchet
—Continuous Feed of a Ratchet—Double-Pawl Ratchet Wheel—Intermittent
Rotary Motion—Intermittent Circular Motion—Ratchet Intermittent Motion—
Pawl Lift—Oscillating Motion—Continuous Rotary Motion—Intermittent
Motion—Windlass Grip Pawl—Ratchet and Level Pawl—Internal Multiple
Cam—Ratchet Head—Reciprocal Circular Motion—Ball Socket Ratchet—
‘Continuous Motion Ratchet—Stops of Various Forms—Stops for a Spur Gear—
Stops for a Lantern Wheel—Safety Centrifugal Hooks—Crank Motion—
Centrifugal Safety Catch for Hoisting Drums—Stop Motion—Variable Recipro-
cating Motion—Irregular Rocking Motion—Rocking Arm—Yoke Strap—
‘Triangular Curved Eccentric—Triangular Eccentric—Reciprocating Motion—
Uniform Reciprocating Motion—Needle-Bar Slot Cam—Slotted Yoke—Crank
Motion—Trammel Gear—Slotted Lever Motion—Intermittent Reciprocating
Motion—Variable Crank Throw—Variable Adjustment—Four-Bolt Cam—
Equalizing Tension Spring and Lever—Alternating Rectilinear Motion—Tra-
verse Bar—Rectilinear Motion—Intermittent Rotary Motion—Vibrating
Toothed Wheel—“ Lazy Tongs” Movement—Quadrangular Rectilinear Mo-
tion—Parallel Motion—Intermittent Motion—Rocking Escapement—-Rotary
and Longitudinal Motion—Reciprocating Feed Ratchet—Friction Rod Feed
Ratchet—Friction Hauling Ratchet—Cam-Tever Grip—Lever Toggle Joint—
Single Toggle Arm Letter-Press—Toggle-Joint Cam Movement—Double-Screw CONTENTS, peg
Toggle Press—Screw Stamping Press—Multiple Return Grooved Cylinder—Re
ciprocating Rectilinear Motion—Rectilinear Motion—Six Radial Grooved Tram-
mel—Rectilinear Reciprocating Motion—Rocking Motion—Pair of Toe Levers
—Wiper Cam for Stamp Mills—Angular Wipers—Equalizing Levers or Toes—
Variable Crank Motion—Spiral-Grooved Face Plate—Lever—Cam Sectors—
Gear-Disengaging Cam Lever—Oblique Disc Motion—Grooved Cylinder Cam—
‘Traverse Motion—Four-Motion Feed, of Wheeler and Wilson and other Sewing-
machines—Reciprocating Rectilinear Motion—Quick Reciprocating Rectilinear
Motion—Cylindrical Cam—Cam-Operated Shears—Irregular Cam Motion—
Vibrating Rectilinear Motion—Irregular Vibrating Circular Motion—Clover-
Leaf Cam—Power Escapement—Rotary Motion—Inregular Reciprocating
Motion—Bevelled Dise Cam—Grooved Heart Cam—Heart-Shaped Groove—
Laying out a Heart Cam—Cam Motion—Double Cam Motion—Pivoted Fol-
lower—Reciprocating Motion—Ovoid Curve—Variable Power Transmitted
from a Crank—Elliptical Crank—Curvilinear Motion—Spring Lathe-Wheel
Crank—* Brownell ” Crank Motion—Ordinary Crank Motion—Eecentrie and
Straps for Valve Motion—Reciprocating Motion—Variable Circular Motion—
Irregular Motion—Variable Power Vibrating Movement—Variable Crank Pin
—Variable Rectilinear Motion—Variable Crank Throw—Variable Radius
Lever—Combination Crank-Motion Curves—Flexible Angular Coupling-
Sliding Contact—Shaft Coupling—Rectilinear Motion—Angular Shaft Coupling
—Universal Joint—Double Link Universal Joint—Universal Angle Coupling
—“ Almond” Angular Shaft Coupling—“ Hooke’s” Angular Shaft Coupling—
Rack and Pinion Movement—Gyroscope—Globe Gyroscope—Tension Helico-
Volute Spring—Double Helico-Volute Spring—Compression Helical Spring
Single Volute Helix Spring—Compound Disc Spring..........253 to 282
SECTION XIII.
HOROLOGICAL.
Cock AND Watcu Movements AND Devicrs.
Cycloidal Pendulum Movement—Compensating Pendulum Bob—Compound
Compensating Pendulum—Centrifugal Pendulum— Antique Clock Escapement
—Crown Tooth Escapement—Double Ratchet:Wheel Escapement—Star-
Wheel Escapement—Anchor Escapement—Recoil Escapement—Pendulum
Escapement—Stud Escapement—Lantern-Wheel Escapement—Pin-Wheel Es-
capement—Hook-Tooth Escapement—Single-Pin Pendulum Escapement—
Three-Toothed Escapement—Detached Pendulum Escapement — Mudge
Gravity Escapement—Tri-Toothed Pendulum Escapement— Harrison”
Winding Device—Double Tri-Toothed Pendulum Escapement—«Bloxam's”
Gravity Escapement—Dead-Beat Clock Escapement—Endless Cord.
Winding Device for Clocks—Clock Train—Compensation Watch Balance—
Watch Regulator—Antique Watch Escapement—Verge Escapement—Cylinder
Escapement—Duplex Escapement—Jewelled Detached Lever Escapement—
“Guemsey” Escapement—Anchor and Lever Escapement—Lever Escapement
—Lever Chronometer Escapement—“Arnold” ChronometerEscapement—Fusee 2 CONTENTS.
Chain and Spring Dram—Chronometer Escapement— Geneva” Stop—Geared
Watch Stop—Watch Stop Sten Winding Movement—Pin-Geared Watch
Stop—Watch Train...,.... iwiaseiens aided vo Seve pas Watons 883 t01296
SECTION XIV.
MINING.
QuarRvine, VENTILATION, Horstivc, CONVEYING, PULVERIZING, SEPARATING,
Roastine, EXCAVATING, AND DReDGING.
Diamond Prospecting Drill—Rock Drill—Diamond Well-Boring Machine—
Portable Diamond Drill—Are Tappet Valve Motion—Tappet Valve, for a Rock
Drill—Rock Drill—Rock Drill with Balanced Piston Valve—Coal-Cutting
Machine—Link Chain Cutter—Drill for Curved Holes—Box-Wing Blower—
Multiplex Butterfly Valve—Steam-Driven Ventilating Fan—Miner’s Safety
Lamp—Horse-Power Hoisting Dram—Steam Hoisting Engine—Strap Brake—
Elevator Tower—Horizontal Boom Tower—Mast and Gaff Hoist—Coal-Load-
ing Tipple—“Otis Stop” for Elevator Cars—Elevator Dumping Head—Mining
Buckets and Skip—Belt Conveyer—Chain Scraper Conveyer—Cable Conveyer
—Driving Mechanism—Log Conveyer—Rope Tramway—Automatic Dumping
Car—Toggle Joint—Stone Crusher— Buchanan” Rock Crusher—Roller Coal
Crusher—Eight-Stamp Ore Mill—Rolling Crusher—Arastra” Ore Mill—
“Chili” Mill—Pulverizing Ball and Pan Mill—Revolving Pulverizing Mill—
Hydraulic Balanced Giant Nozale—Coal Dust Press—Klondike Mining Machine
—Gold Separator—Centrifugal Separator—Magnetic Ore Separator—Iron Ore
Separator—Railway Steam Shovel—Magnetic Ore Separators (Hoffman-Edison
Types)—Ore Roasting Furnace—Railway Excavator—Railway Steam Shovel—
Continuous Ditching Dredge—Clam-Shell Bee eretias Hoisting Dredge
—Floating Dredge—Marine Dredge... soee+2Q7 to 312
SECTION XV.
MILL AND FACTORY APPLIANCES,
Hancers, SHarr BEARINGS, BALL Bearines, Steps, Courtincs, UNIVERSAL
AND FLEXIBLE COUPLINGS, CLurcuEs, SrzeD Gear, Suop Toots, ScREW
‘Tureabs, Hotsts, MACHINES, TEXTILE APPLIANCES.
Adjustable Bracket Hanger—Adjustable Floor Bearing—Adjustable Post
Hanger—Adjustable Floor Stand—Continuous Traversing Roller—Roller
Wheel Anti-Friction Bearing—Ball Bearings—A djustable Hanger for Shafting—
Screw Traversing Ball Bearing—Hanging Shaft-Suspended Shaft—Curved
Step Bearing—Conical Pivot Bearing—Lubrication of a Hanging Bearing—
Vertical Shaft Step—Shaft Step Adjustment—A djustable Step Bearing—Collar
Bearing and Step—Oil Circulating Step—Lenticular Bearing—Spherical Step
Bearing—Angle Coupling—“ Oldham” Coupling—Flexible Link Coupling—
Flexible Shaft Coupling—Angle Shaft Coupling— Universal Joint—* Hooke’s”
Universal Joint —“Goubet’s ” Universal Shaft Coupling—Ball Socket Universal
Joints—Right-Angle Shaft Coupling—Right-Angle Shaft Coupling (“Hobson * CONTENTS. 3
Patent)—Eccentric Line Coupling —Simple Friction Pulley—Friction Clatch—
‘V-Grooved Face Clatch—Clatch and Gear—Cone Clutch —Multiple Plate Fric-
tion Clutch—Pin Clutch—Friction Pin Clutch—Friction Clutch Bevel Gear—
Spring Friction Clutch— Double Toggle-Joint Friction Clutch—Adjustable Fric-
tion Clutch—Double Conic Rope Dram—Variable Speed Device—Expanding
Pulley — Variable Speed Transmitting Device — Belt Holder — Jointed
Radial Arm—Drilling Machine Clamp--Sccew Bench Clamp— Auto-
matic Bench Clamp—Wood-Bending Clamp and Formers—Boiler Tube
Exparder—Roller Tube Expander—Revolving Tool Head—Collapsing Tap—
Wabble Saw—Automatic Screw-Cutting Die—Universal Chuck—Compound
Lever Shears—Disc Shears— Gig Saw—Band Saw—Toggle-Joint Lever Press
or Punch—Power Stamping Press—Hand Drilling Machine—Portable Drill—
Maltiple Drilling Machine—Stamp Mill Cam Motion—Blackemith’s Helper—
Revolving Rapid-Blow Hammer—Helve Trip Hammer—Friction Drop Ham-
mer—Beam Trip Hammer—Spring Hammer—Tire Shrinker—Combined Tire
Upsetting and Punching Machine—Plate Sawing Machine—Combined Punch
and Shears—Suspended Swing Treadle—Power Rumbling Mill—Centrifugal
Separator—Closure of Rollers— Vibrating Lift—Differential Pitch Movement—
Feed Wheel—Combined Ratchet and Hand-Feed Gear—Gear Train—Quick
Return Movement—Reversing Gear—Flexible Universal Steam Joint—Bye
Pass Cock or Valve—Sight-Feed Lubricator—Screw Mévement—Centering
Tool—Vernier Caliper—Expansion Bit—Double-Acting Screwdriver—Pump
Drill Stock—Reciprocating Drill Stock—Compound Lever Cutting Pliers—
Ball Socket—Screw Threads —Continual Barrel Elevator—Telescopic Hydraulic
Elevator—Traveller Hoist—Tvavelling Crane—[-Bar Travelling Tramway—
Swing Bracket Crane—Adjustable Universal Sheave— Harrington” Chain
Hoist—" Yale” Duplex Hoist—Safety Tackle—Differential Chain-Pulley Block
—Double Screw-Gear Hoist—Taper Tube Rolls—* Yale-Weston” Differential
Gear Hoist—Tube-Rolling Machine—Seamless Tube Making—Wire-Bending
Machine—Hopper and Bell—“Bessemer” Steel Converter—Lense-Grinding
Machine—Grinding Mill—“ Bogardus” Mill—Circulating Screw Propeller
and Mixing Tank—Double Cylinder Planer—Double Toggle-Joint Screw
Press—Steam Cotton Press—Toggle-Bar Press—Sector Press—Bark or Cob
‘Mill—~Drawing and Throstle Twisting, Rolls and Bobbin Winder—Cop Winder
—Bobbin Winder—Cloth Dresser—Knitting Machine, ...........313 to 348
SECTION XVI.
CONSTRUCTION AND DEVICES,
Mrxine, Testinc, Stump AND PILe PULLING, TACKLE Hooxs, Pitz Drivine,
Dumrine Cars, Sronz Grips, DERRicks, CONVEYER, TIMBER SPLICING,
Roor AND BripcE Trusses, SusPENSION BripcEs,
Post Augur—Pug Mill—Conical Pug Mill—Conical Mixing Barrel—Concrete
Mixer—Cement-Testing Machine—Hydraulic Sand Ejector—Toggle Stump
Puller—Right and Left Hand Turnbuckle—Swivel Shackle Slip Hook—Trip
Hook—Balanced Riveting Machine—Releasing Grip—Automatic Disengaging
Grip—Swivelling Dumping Car—Square Box Side-Dumping Car—Lever Grip 4 CONTENTS.
‘Tongs—Adjustable Grip Tongs—Pneumatic Dumping Car—Lewis Wedge for
Lifting Stone—Stone Grinding and Polishing Machine—Four-Guy Mast Der-
rick—Shears with Winch or Tackle Block—Swinging Derrick Crane—Portable
Steam Derrick—Swing-Boom Crane—Cable Hoist and Conveyer—Cantilever
Woisting and Conveying Machine—Timber Splicing—Timber Cords and
Arches—Truss Roof—Queen Post Roof Truss—Wooden Road Bridge Truss
—Deck Bridge Trusses—Bridge Truss—Arched Deck Truss Bridge—Bridge
‘Trusses—Arch Truss Bridge—Swing Bridge—Cantilever Bridge—Suspension
Badges soon ddac cinsvie te Saudeane Tes sve egagtonges
SECTION XVII.
DRAUGHTING DEVICES.
PARALLEL Ruzes, Curve DzLingaTors, TRAMMELS, ELLIPSOGRAPHS, PAN:
TOGRAPHS,
Proportional Compasses—Roller Parallel Ruler—Slotted Parallel Ruler—Three
Part Parallel Ruler—Spring Cyclograph—Flexible Curve Scriber—Helicograph
—Great Curve Delineator—Conchoid Delineator—Cyclograph—Trammel for
Drawing Ellipses—Ellipsograph—Parabola Scriber—Geared Ellipsograph—~
Hyperbola ee ones Ree eae Cen-
trolinead—Spherometer, «+363 to 370
SECTION XVIII,
MISCELLANEOUS DEVICES.
AxmaL Powxs, SHexr SHEARS, MOVEMENTS AND DEVICES, ELEVATORS,
Cranzs, Sewinc, TYPEWRITING, AND PRINTING MACHINES, RAILWAY
Devices, TRUCKS, Braxss, TURNTABLES, LOCOMOTIVES, GAS, GAS FUR-
NacES, ACETYLENE GENERATORS, GASOLINE MANTLE LAMP, FIREARMS,
Human Treadmill—Horse-Power Tread Wheel—Horse-Power Machine—Dog-
Power Machine—Geared Horse-Power—Multiple Bladed Sheep Shears—Horse
Clipper—Machine Sheep Shears—‘Almond’s” Flexible Metallic Tube—Evo-
lution of a Wood Screw—Artificial Leg and Foot—Mean Time Sun Dial—
Door Push Check—Folding Ladder Simple Combination Lock—Tripod—Dou-
ble Spherical Socket—Disc Slicer—Micrometer Screw Adjustment— Correct
Principle in Setting a Hot-Water House Boiler—Under-Feed Heating Fur-
nace—Harvester or Mowing Machine—Bell Clapper Movement—Piano Key and
Action—Lapidary or Lithologica: Lathe—Wire-Drawing Machine—Wire-Cov-
ering Machine—Stirring Machine for Grain Mash—Sector Wheel Baling Press
—Wood Compression Carving Machine—Belt-Driven Elevator—Safety Catch
for Elevators—Elevator Safety Gear—Swing Derrick—Package Elevator—
Post Crane—Wharf Crane—Antomatic Balance Crane—Sewing-Machine Shut-
tle—Sewing-Machine Feed Bar—Sewing-Machine Hook and Bobbin—Hook of
the “ Wheeler and Wilson” Sewing-Machine—Sewing-Machine—Spring Motor
for Sewing-Machine—Tinplate Lacquering Machine—Single Cylinder Printing
Press—Typewriting Machine—“ Gordon” Printing Press—Rack and Pawl— CONTENTS, 15
Ball-Bearing Screw Jack—Hydraulic Transfer Jack—Rail-Cutting Saw—Prouty-
Noble Automatic or Self-Winding Brake—Street-Car Sand Box—Friction
Brake for Street Railway Cars—Car Truck for Street Railways—Street-Car
Truck—Car Truck—Trolley-Car Truck—Freight-Car Truck—Cable Railway
Grip—Cable Grip for Street Railways—Linked Hinges—Endless Cable Grip
Car—Street Railway Sweeping Car—Equalizing Lever—Novel Car Brake—
Wooden Frame Turn-Table—Iron Frame Turn-Lable—Single-Cylinder Loco-
motive—Modern Locomotive and Tender—Passenger Locomotive, Eight-
Wheel Model—Ten-Wheel Freight Locomotive—Freight Locomotive—Centre
Valve for a Gas House—Disc Valve for Large Gas Pipes—Centre Guide Gas
Holder—Counter-Weighted Gas Holder—Expanding Pipe Stopper—Lantern
Bellows Dry Gas Meter—Wet Gas Meter—Dry Gas Meter—Gas Pressure
Regulator—Fuel Gas Burner—Gas Furnace—Gas-Heated Incubator—Acety-
lene Gas Generator—Antomatic Gasoline and Mantle Lamp—Acetylene Gen-
erator and Gas Holder—Acetylene Burner—Bayonet Joint—Gun Lock—Co-
Cylinder Revolving Device for Firearms—Magazine Rifle, “Lee-Metford”
‘Model—“Martini-Henry” Rifle—Chassepot Gun—Remington Rifle—‘Rem-
ington” Magazine Gun—Hotchkiss” Magazine Gun—‘“Lebel” Rifle—
“Mauser” Rifle—“Winchester” Magazine Rifle—Disappegring Gun, “Mon-
crief Model”, +4371 to 306
ADDITIONS TO
THE FOURTEENTH EDITION.*
Secrton I.—Lever Safety Trip—Lever Sector—Lever and Ratchet—Lever
Movement—Lever Action—Straight line Linkage—Lever and its Office
Inclined Plane.
Section [I.—Parallel Plyers—Transmission Circular Motion—Reversing
Lever—Transmission, Reciprocating—Link Transmission—Gyrating Lever
‘Transmission—Transmission by Bell Crank—Gambrel Joint Linkage—
Two Revolutions for One Stroke—Equalizing Thrust—Speed Changing
Pulley—Helping Crank Over Center—Reverse Motion Drive—Intermitt
tent Transmission—Registering Dynamometer.
Section III.—St. John’s Steam Meter—Belt Shipper—Three Horse Whif-
fletrees—Anemometer.
Secrion IV.—Crude Petroleum Burners—Petroleum Furnace—Automo-
bile Boiler—Feeding Pulverized Fuel—Roney Stoker—Sterling Boiler—
Worthington Boiler—Compound Locomotive Cylinders.
Section V.—Pulsometer Steam Pump—Edwards Air Pump—Steam Soot
Sucker—Air Cooling Tower—Flcxible Metallic Hose and Tubing.
Secrion VI.—Stake Puller—Stalk Puller—Valve Gear—Gasoline Atom-
izers—Ignition Plug—Jump Spark Coil—Caloric Engine—Four Cylinder
Motor.
*Section numbers below refer back to additions to each original section already cited on
pages 3-15, except for Section XIX ("Straight Line Movements”) that is an entirely new.
section added on pages 307 to 402 as of the fourteenth edition. 16 CONTENTS.
Section VII.—Hydraulic Sprinkler Head—Milk Cooler—Hydraulic Irri-
gation Engine—Four Stage Centrifugal Pump—Current, Meter.
Section VIII—Wind Instruments—Ventilator—Wind Gauge—Compound
Pohle Air Lift—Prairie Wind Mill—Gas Crucible Furnace—Oil Burn-
ing Melting Furnace—Mechanical Flyer.
Secrion IX.—Non-Arcing Lightning Arrester—Ampere Meter—Re-
cording Watt-hour Meter—Electric Escapement—Pneumatic Emergency
Brake—Solenoid Electric Fan—Alternating Current Transformer—
Electro Magnetic Ratchet Driver.
Secrion X—Air Ship—Railroad Gates—Railway Pneumatic Signal—
Self-Registering Tide Gauge—Novel Steering Gear—Ship’s Steering
Gear—Street Cleaning Machine—Spring Wheel—Automobile Horn.
Section XI—Link Chain Hoist—Bicycle Signal Bell—Multiple Speed
Gear—Changeable Motion. Gear—Pneumatic Grain Elevator—Flying
Machine.
Section XII.—Hydro-Extractor—Reversible Pulley—Four Speed Change
Gear—Heddle Cam—Ferris Wheel—Wave Motions—Sewing Machine
Hook—Positive Shuttle Motion—A Curious Padlock. “3
Secrion XIII.—Equated Sun Dial—Universal Sun Dial—Electric Balance
Wheel Clock—Compensating Pendulum—Electro-Magnetic Clock Pendu-
lum—Electric Time Clock—Electric Winding Device.
Secrion XIV.—Disintegrator—Ore Crusher—Hand Power Rock Drill—
Free Running Axle—Garbage Furnace—Automatic Ore Dump—Air
Blast for Moving Coal—Rope Drive for Mine Haulage.
Sscrion XV.—Traveling Derrick—Modern Cotton Gin—Spool Winding
Machine—Conical Roller Thrust Bearing—Steam Vulcanizers—Right
Angle Shaft Transmission—Take-up and Let-off Motion for Looms.
Section XVI—Expansion or Anchor Bolts—Rolling Lift Bridge—Con-
crete Bridge—Melan Bridge—Steel Arched Concrete Bridge—Hydraulic
Pile Driver—Log Sawing Machine.
Section XVII—Ellipsograph Turntable—Ellipsographs—Omni-Telemeter
Odontograph, Section Liner—Dotting Instrument—Eidograph—Tracing
Bar—Refiecting Drawing Board—Self-Registering §Barometer—Spiro-
graph. a
Section XVIII.—Railway Water Lift—Two Speed Gear.
Section XIX.—Two Lever and One Link Straight Line Motion—Two
Lever and Three Link Straight Line Motion—Two Lever and One
Link Straight Line Motion—One Lever and Sliding Link Straight Line
Motion—One Lever and Two Link Straight Line Motion—Three Lever
Two Link Straight Line Motion—Two Lever, One Link Straight Line
Motion—Three Lever, Two Link Straight Line Motion in Opposite
Directions—Two Link, One Lever Straight Line Motion—Oil Switch
Movement with Three Levers and Two Links—Oil Switch Movement
with Two Levers and One Link—Oil Switch Movement with Two
Levers and One Link—Oil Switch Movement with Two Levers and One
Link—Oil Switch Movement with Three Levers and Three Links.
397 to 402
InpDEx — 403 to 409 Section I.
THE MECHANICAL POWERS.
Forces AND THE MEASURE oF THEIR Work.
Force may be said to be the cause of motion and power in
mechanics. Its condition may be static or dynamic; in the latter
condition it becomes the means for the practical application of motion
in the various forms of mechanical devices. Its statical condition is
illustrated in the strains sustained in the material of construction and
suspension.
The first arid simple form of static force may be illustrated in
the column, in the various positions in which it may be used for
resistance of any kind; although in machinery, it may in
() itself become a moving body under stress, Static force
may be represented by a column supporting weight; a
beam under compressive strain; a body of water retained
in a mill dam, steam pressure in a boiler, compressed air
or liquefied gases, and a suspended weight;
a coiled spring or anything that is under pres-
sure without motion, The principal expressions for static
force are compression, tension, and torsion, or their com-
binations. The resolution of forces is the geometrical rela-
tion and value of two or more forces acting upon a single
point from different directions, or of a single force acting
against several points of resistance.
The terms of resolution may be directional, static, or dynamic.
3. THE RESOLUTION OF SUS-
PENSION—in which W represents a
force or the weight of gravitation, and
P,P’ the resisting power or equivalent
weights. Solution :
Pand P'= half the weight
‘Sine of angle of depression @ or 5
when the angles are equal. 38 ‘THE MECHANICAL POWERS.
4. For unequal angles the forces
vary as the sines of the angles from the
vertical, respectively.
(*) * Solution: P= W xsiney
P= WX sinev
Sine (+0)
s. In a combination of forces
the resolution involves the sines of
the varying angles,
P=wx siney P’= Wx sinev’
Sine(yo)’ Sine)
6. The forces in the direction of P and
P’ in which the weight of a beam inclined
and resting upon a point at P’ = W, at the
centre of gravity.
P=Wxa P=Wxe
ee
oe
The longitudinal thrust of struts or braces is the same as for
tensional strains inversely, only that the weight of timbers or heavy
materials should be considered separately, as shown further on.
7. Where the members are of
the same length and at equal angles.
PandP’= _half the weigh
» Sine of the angle a or 2.
408
aves ie
e
8, For unequal angles.
Solution: P = Wxsine y
Sine (y+2)
P’ = Wxsinev
‘Bine (y-F2) THE MECHANICAL POWERS. 19
g. With truss beams carrying un-
equal weights the formula for end
thrust are for equal angles,
P=wx siney
Sine (9-F2)
P= WX siney
Sine (y+)
For unequal angles, the formula is
the same as in No. 8.
zo. LEVER PARADOX.
Two levers or scale beams, one
.—, above the other,
| accurately bal.
anced and pivo-
ted at their ends
to two T arms as
shown in the cut, may have equal weights hung at various distances
on the arms, and they will be balanced on the centre line and at any
angle above or below the centre line. A nut for amateurs to crack.
THE LEVER AND ITS POWER.
The weight of lever is not considered.
x1, First order.
Daron
12. Second order,
bta_W Px(sFa)_
a pte
a
wxd
ap
G@+a)
(ae a 13. Third order.
b+a "P PxXb_
¢ WwW’ «+7 ™
wx o44)_p 20 THE MECHANICAL POWERS.
14. Bell Crank or Angular Lever, first
order, Same notation as No, 11.
x5. Bell Crank or Angular Lever,
second order. Same Notation as No, 12.
16, Bell Crank or Angular Lever,
third order.
wx ( + (@X cosine of angle )
é
18. Compound Lever, first and second orders.
a@l@axsh WwW
TX Te
Px ax (es
oxy
Wwxsxd'
2x (7 +e)
The differential weight of lever arms must be adjusted to the
proper factor for accurate computation. THE MECHANICAL POWERS. 21
19. Revolving Lever, first order.
W=Pxa
b
P=Wxs
@
20. Revolving Lever, second order,
W=Px (+3)
