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Z0e jrefrmusL;ypfuGefjrLewD 14
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Z0e jrefrmusL;ypfuGefjrLewD 15
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Z0e jrefrmusL;ypfuGefjrLewD 23
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Z0e jrefrmusL;ypfuGefjrLewD 24
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Z0e jrefrmusL;ypfuGefjrLewD 25
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Z0e jrefrmusL;ypfuGefjrLewD 31
]igodwmawmh wpfa,mufrS r&dSbl;? aeygOD;? 'DtaMumif;bmjzpfvkdYar;wmvJ}

olYpum;udkMum;&í uRefawmfrsm;pGmauseyfNyD; acgif;udk wqwfqwfndwfaevdkufrdonf/

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b,folrqdkygEkdifaeNyD qdkygawmh? [kwf&JYvm;}

][kwfrSmayghav? tJ'g bmudk&nf&GnfNyD; rif;uar;aewmvJ}

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om

uRefawmfu wdkuf½dkufrajzbJ rkom;rygatmifjyefíajymvdkuf&onf/ ,if;odkYajymNyD;onfESifh AD½dkudkzGifhí

uRefawmfht0wftpm;rsm;udk xkwfNyD;c&D;oGm;vufqGJaowåmxJodkY t0wftpm;rsm;udkxnfhvdkufonf/
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vSxl;onf uRefawmfvufESpfzufudk qkyfudkifNyD; rsufESmcsKdaoG;um toem;cHavonf/

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][aumif&? 'DacwfrSm om;arG;tusÐb,frSm0,fvdkY&rSmvJuG}

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Z0e jrefrmusL;ypfuGefjrLewD 32
olonfom;arG;ukwftusÐudk vSrf;,lí olYudk,fwGifuyfum ayGYydkuf&if; ][dkif; . . &Sm;Amhpf} [k xyfí
qdkjyefonf/

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ajymvdkufonf/
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om;arG;tusÐudkMunfhvdkuf ][,f . . 'gBuD;udk bmvkyf&rSmvJ} [k tHcJNyD; rsufESmvTJvdkuf? aemufwpfcsD
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rvIyfr,Suf? rufrufarmarm rsufaMumrjywf Munfhaerdavawmh\/

Z0e jrefrmusL;ypfuGefjrLewD 33
xdkYaemuf olYyg;pyfrS vnfacsmif;arS;uyfaeonfhtoHrsKd; xGufay:vmavonf/

]oufoufcdkifudk ighpdwfxJrSm cspfaewm [kwfcsifrS[kwfrSmygav? wu,fawmhigwdkYvJ twnftwHh

oGm;vmaeMu? [kd'if;? 'D'if;vkyfaeMuwmrS r[kwfbJ[m}

]at;aygh? 'grsKd;yJ jzpfrSmaygh}

uRefawmfu tqif;wGef;vdkufavonf/

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uRefawmfu olYudkaxmufcHNyD; ]'DukwftusÐvJ 0wfMunfhprf;ygOD; oli,fcsif;&m} [k qdkum tusÐudk

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vSrf;ay;vdkuf\/
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vSxl;onf [efvkyfraebJ aumufNyD;pGyfvdkuf\/ ukwftusÐonf tay:ydkif;u em;&Gufaemufa&muf

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onfhtxd ukyfydk;axmufaeNyD; atmufydkif;u ajczsm;xdí aeavonf/ olYudkMunfh&onfrSm 0efBuD;

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tusÐ0wfxm;aom vljyufESifhwlaeonf/
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oluawmh ausauseyfeyfBuD;NyHK;um ]wdkif;&ufwJh . . yuúvm . . rdk;&GmwmeJY toifhqdkovdk

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ighudk,feJYawmh zpfzpfazmf . . azmfazmfzpf aewmyJ} [k qdk\/

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onfwGif uRefawmf ukvm;xdkifay:rS xvdkufonf/ NyD;vQif uRefawmhvufudk qefYwef;íay;um

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]'Dvdkqdk&if tay;t,lwnfhNyDaygh} [k ajymMunfhonf/

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olu wHawG;udk tEkdifEkdifrsKdum ]tay;t,lwnfhNyD} [k qdkvsuf uRefawmfhvufudkqGJíqkyfudkifNyD;

vIyfvkdufonf/ aemufaeYwGif uRefawmfESifhoufoufcdkifwdkY pHkwGJckwfMu&avonf/ xdkodkY olESifh
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uRefawmfvkdcsifonfh tqifhtwef;odkYa&mufatmif rnfrQBudK;yrf;&rnfudk od&efvdkonf r[kwfygavm/

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]'D[dkw,frSmpm;&wm odyfaumif;? t&rf;aumif;} [k qdkonf/ onfhaemuf ½kyf&SifodkYac:oGm;onf/
½kyf&Sif½HkutxGufwGif olu ]'D½Hkuawmh 'dyfyJ? *&dwfyJ} [kcsD;usL;avonf/ xdkYaemuf
olYudktrsKd;orD;aqmifodkY ta&mufvkdufNyD;ydkYvkdufonf/ uRefawmfuolYudkEIwfqufNyD; jyefrnftjyKwGif
olu ]'DaeYawmh tm;BuD;aysmf? trsm;BuD;aysmf} [k ol\cHpm;rIudk xkwfazmfajymygonf/

xdkYaemufuRefawmfonf pdwfav;av;jzifh uRefawmhftcef;odkYjyefvmcJh\/ uRefawmfhtzdkYrSm txifESifh

tjrifvGJaeavNyD/ uRefawmfxrf;&Guf&rnfh wm0ef\yrmPESifhBuD;av;rIudk uRefawmfavQmhNyD; wGufcJhrd
onf/ olESifh ,ckvdk ezl;awGY'l;awGY awGY&awmhrSyif ol\todynmacgif;yg;rIESifh aygh&Twf&Twfajymqdk
wwfonfh 0oDygaeNcif;udk tHhMoavmufatmif awGY&ayawmhonf/

Z0e jrefrmusL;ypfuGefjrLewD 34
onftwdkif;qdkvQif olYudk todynmA[kokw jynhf0atmif jyKvkyfay;&½HkESifh NyD;rnfr[kwf/ tjrif
us,fatmif? awG;wwfatmifac:wwfatmif t&ifOD;pGm oifay;&efvdkavonf/ þwm0efrSm rao;i,f?
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tvSESifh [eftrlt&mwdkYu olYudkpdwfrysufEkdifatmif uRefawmfhtm; zrf;pm;xm;av&m olYudk uRefawmf
vkdcsifovdk rjzpfjzpfatmif yHkoGif;&ef pdwfESvHk;udk 'kef;'kef;csvdkufrdygawmhonf/

onfawmh uRefawmfbmvkyf&rnfenf;/ uRefawmfonf þudpöudk tEkvHky#dvHk pOf;pm;vdkufonfhtcg

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0goemxkHol wpfOD;jzpfonf/ ausmif;r*¾Zif;ESifheH&Huyfpmapmifrsm;wGif uAsmawmfawmfrsm;rsm; 0ifa&muf

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a&;om;cJhzl;ygonf/ uAsLya'ownf; [laom uAsmenf;? qef;enf;wdkYudkvnf; tawmfuav;

ESYHESHYpyfpyf wD;rd? acgufrd&dSygonf/
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odkYjzpf&m oufoufcdkiftaMumif;udk pOf;pm;vdkufonfhtcg uAsmwGifa'gownf;[laom tjypftqmrsm;

&dSovdk vlwdkYwGifvnf; tjypftqmrsm; &dSwwfMuonfudk EIdif;,SOfMunfhrdavonf/ uAsmwGif
l us

a'gouif;vQif *kPf&oajrmufovdk vlwGifvnf; tjypftqmuif;vQif aumif;jcif;ig;jzmESihf

jynfhpHkavonf/ xdkaMumifh oufoufcdkiftm; tvdr®mynm wdk;wufvmatmif uAsm? vuFmenf;jzifh
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jyKjyif,l&ef uRefawmf qHk;jzwfvdkufavonf/

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aemufwpfBudrf oufoufcdkifESifhcsdef;&mwGif ]'Dnae oufoufeJYudk,feJY uefapmif;oGm;NyD; pum;ajymMu

&atmifvm;} [k tqdkjyKvkduf&\/
o ok
wil

]tdk . . oufoufwkdYu uefapmif;qdk&if tBudKufAvdkufaygh}

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oufoufcdkifESifhywfoufvdkY uRefawmfajymvdkwm wpfck&dSyg\/ onf[muawmh olYvdkazmfa&Gonfh

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rdef;uav;rsKd;udk urÇmukefus,foa&GY &SmvdkYjzifh rawGYEkdifjcif;jzpfygonf/

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em;vnfxm;&if uAsmudkydkifydkifEkdifEkdifpyfwwfw,f? pma&;wJhtcgrSm pmacsmw,f? pum;ajym&rSmvnf;
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Z0e jrefrmusL;ypfuGefjrLewD 35
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0gusjzpfjzpf xyfwvJvJqdkwmrsKd;? Oyrm . . 'dyfyJ . . *&dwfyJ qdkwmaygh? 'Dpum;ESpfvHk;[m ukvm;BuD;eJY
l us

t&mBuD;vkd teuf"dyÜm,ftwlwlrdkY xyfNyD;qdkwm tydkpum;jzpfraebl;vm;}

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]tdk . . 'Dvdkvm;? aemufudk 'Dvdka'gooifhwJh pum;awG oufoufrajymawmhygbl;aemf . . aemf}

f th
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]aemufNyD;awmh a,bk,stm;jzifh odrf;usKH;NyD;ajymwJhpum;&Sdao;w,f? Oyrm . . udk,fvufvIyf&Sm;

avhusifhjcif;onf aumif;\/ xdkaMumifh vlwdkif;udk,fvufvIyf&Sm;avhusifhoifh\ qdkwmrsKd;}
o ok
wil

]'Dtqkdudk oufouftrsm;BuD;axmufcHw,f? ukd,fvufvIyf&Sm;avhusifhw,fqdkwm usef;rma&;twGuf

odyfaumif;wmyJ[m}
l be
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]tJ'gu 'Dvdk&dSw,fav? udk,fvufvIyf&Sm;avhusifhjcif;[m aumif;wmrSefygw,f? 'gayr,fh vlwdkif;

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our

qdkEkdifyghrvm;? rqdkEkdifbl;? q&m0efrsm;uawmif wcsKdYvlawGudk NidrfNidrfoufoufaezdkY

ñTefMum;&wm&dSw,f? 'gaMumifhoHk;oyfcsufwpfckckudk vkyfwJhtcg vHk;axG;NyD;rajym&bl;?
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wdusrSefuefrI&dS&w,f? udk,fvufvIyf&Sm;avhusifhrIeJYywfoufvdkYajym&&if 'g[m rsm;aomtm;jzifh

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olwdkYtzdkYaumif;\/ odkYr[kwf rsm;pGmaom olwdkYtzdkYaumif;\/ tJ'Dvdk ajym&&if? 'Dvkdr[kwf&if

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isk

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csD;rGef;wJhpum;jzpfvdkY a'goroifhwJhtjyif av;eufwJhoabmudkaqmifw,f}

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Z0e jrefrmusL;ypfuGefjrLewD 36
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aumif;vGef;vdkY odyfaysmfwmyJ}

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oabmaygufyHkr&ao;/ odkYaomf uRefawmfvufavQmhvdkufvQif bmr[kwfonfhvlwpfa,muf uRefawmf
jzpfoGm;rnf/ odkYtwGuf uRefawmfquf&jyefonf/
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]tckajymrSmu twåa'go? tJ'gu xkdufwefwmxuf vGefuJNyD;csD;usL;wm? yHkpHjy&&if vrif;xufom?

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udk,ftrlt&m rwlwm? Oyrm jy&&if ]aorSmudk armifraMumufygbl;? oufaysmuf&if armifwpfudk,frdkY?
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vif;wtdk zifudkEdIufrSm pdk;vdkufygbd} qdkwmrsKd;aygh? olYpum;u aorSmudkawmh raMumufbl;? vif;w

f th

qGJrSm aMumufw,fqdkawmh a&SYpum;eJY aemufpum;rnD? a&SYuBuD;us,fNyD; aemufu avQmf&Twf&Twf

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vkyfvkdufawmh ayghroGm;bl;vm;}
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Z0e jrefrmusL;ypfuGefjrLewD 48
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Z0e jrefrmusL;ypfuGefjrLewD 49
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Z0e jrefrmusL;ypfuGefjrLewD 50
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Z0e jrefrmusL;ypfuGefjrLewD 51
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Z0e jrefrmusL;ypfuGefjrLewD 52
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Z0e jrefrmusL;ypfuGefjrLewD 53
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Z0e jrefrmusL;ypfuGefjrLewD 54
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Z0e jrefrmusL;ypfuGefjrLewD 55
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Z0e jrefrmusL;ypfuGefjrLewD 56
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Z0e jrefrmusL;ypfuGefjrLewD 57
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Z0e jrefrmusL;ypfuGefjrLewD 58
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Z0e jrefrmusL;ypfuGefjrLewD 59
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Z0e jrefrmusL;ypfuGefjrLewD 60
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Z0e jrefrmusL;ypfuGefjrLewD 75
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Z0e jrefrmusL;ypfuGefjrLewD 78
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Z0e jrefrmusL;ypfuGefjrLewD 108

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Z0e jrefrmusL;ypfuGefjrLewD 110

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ajymNyD;onfhaemuf ]'Daoewf wpfcktwGuf tawmfcufaewmyJ? udkifrdwJholwdkif; ypfcsifcwfcsif
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Z0e jrefrmusL;ypfuGefjrLewD 162

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Z0e jrefrmusL;ypfuGefjrLewD 163

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Z0e jrefrmusL;ypfuGefjrLewD 164

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Z0e jrefrmusL;ypfuGefjrLewD 165

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r&dSonfhtwGuf ½kwfw&ufaomf ]igaoewftrSefcH&vGef;vdkY aoewfrsm;NyD;aea&mhovm;} [k

wil

atmufarhNyD;rS OD;vwftm;MunfhrdonfwGif ½IHYumrJhumjzifh em;&Gufzsm;udk vufacsmif;rsm;jzifh

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Z0e jrefrmusL;ypfuGefjrLewD 166

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pdk;armifrSm 0rf;ajrmufaomtrlt&m rjzpfay:bJ ]'Dvdkqdk&if uRefawmhfudk cdkifvHkwJhukrÜPDwpfckrSm

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Z0e jrefrmusL;ypfuGefjrLewD 167