SLG 2.1.2 Definition of Functions and Operations On Functions (Session 2 of 3)
SLG 2.1.2 Definition of Functions and Operations On Functions (Session 2 of 3)
Time Actual
Allocatio Time
Components Sample Tasks n Allocation
(in (in
minutes)a minutes)b
Target By the end of this guide, the students will have been able to: 0.5
Hook
On the previous lesson, we have learned how to evaluate 1
functions. Now, we will discuss the four basic operations of
functions such as; Addition, Subtraction, Multiplication and
Division.
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NOTE
a) (𝑓 + ℎ )(−2) b) (𝑓 − ℎ)(−2)
𝑓
c) (𝑓ℎ)(−2) d) (𝑔) (−2)
Solution
We can solve the function values first before performing
the operations on functions, that is,
𝑓 𝑓(−2) −13
d) ( ) (−2) = = = 13
ℎ ℎ(−2) −1
a) (ℎ + 𝑔)(𝑥) b) (ℎ − 𝑔)(𝑥)
ℎ
c) (ℎ𝑔)(𝑥) d) (𝑔) (𝑥)
Solution
Using the functions ℎ (𝑥) = 𝑥 2 + 3𝑥 − 4 and 𝑔(𝑥) =
2𝑥 − 2, we have;
Mathematics 5 | Page 2 of 6
b) (ℎ − 𝑔)(𝑥) = ℎ(𝑥) − 𝑔(𝑥)
= (𝑥 2 + 3𝑥 − 4) − (2𝑥 − 2)
= 𝑥2 + 𝑥 − 2
ℎ ℎ(𝑥)
d) ( ) (𝑥 ) =
𝑔 𝑔(𝑥)
𝑥 2+3𝑥−4
= substitute the values of the functions
2𝑥−2
(𝑥−1)(𝑥+4)
= factor the numerator and denominator
2(𝑥−1)
𝑥+4
= cancel 𝑥 − 1 ≠ 0
2
𝑔(𝑥 + ∆𝑥 ) − 𝑔(𝑥 )
, ∆𝑥 ≠ 0.
∆𝑥
Solution
substitute 𝑥 + ∆𝑥 and 𝑥
expand (𝑥 + ∆𝑥)2
distribute 2 to
4𝑥(∆𝑥)+2(∆𝑥)2 −3(∆𝑥)
= simplify
∆𝑥
∆𝑥(4𝑥+2∆𝑥−3)
= factor out ∆𝑥
∆𝑥
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NOTE
The expression in Example 3 is called a
𝑑𝑖𝑓𝑓𝑒𝑟𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑒 𝑞𝑢𝑜𝑡𝑖𝑒𝑛𝑡 and is very significant in calculus.
You’ll learn more about this in Module 3.
https://youtu.be/fDlWPUEPqBM
Navigate
10
LET US PRACTICE
a) (ℎ + 𝑓)(𝑥) b) (ℎ − 𝑓)(𝑥)
𝑓
c) (ℎ𝑓)(𝑥) d) (ℎ ) (𝑥)
Knot
In this lesson, you have learned how to evaluate functions 0.5
and perform the operations on functions. Below is the summary of
all the topics discussed.
Mathematics 5 | Page 4 of 6
ASSESSMENT
Given: 6
𝐹 (𝑥) = (𝑥 − 2)(𝑥 − 1)
𝐺 (𝑥) = 𝑥 2 (2 − 𝑥)
𝐻 (𝑥) = 𝑥 2 − 2𝑥 + 1
𝐻(𝑥) 𝐺(𝑥)
a) (𝐻 + 𝐹 − 𝐺)(𝑥) b)
𝐹(𝑥)
𝐻(𝑥+𝑘)−𝐻(𝑥)
c)
𝑘
a
suggested time allocation set by the teacher
b
actual time spent by the student (for information purposes only)
REFERENCES
Albarico, J.M. (2013). THINK Framework. (Based on Ramos, E.G. and N. Apolinario. (n.d.)
Science LINKS. Rex Bookstore, Inc.)
Larson, R. & Edwards, B.H. (2010). Calculus, 9th Ed. US: CENGAGE Learning.
Stewart, James (2016). Calculus: Early Transcendentals. United States: Cengage Learning.
Swakowski, E., and Cole, J., 2010. Algebra and Trigonometry with Analytic Geometry, 12ed.
CENGAGE Learning.
Mathematics 5 | Page 5 of 6
SOLUTION KEY TO LET US PRACTICE
𝑥+2
𝑓 (𝑥) = 𝑥 3 + 3𝑥 2 + 2𝑥, ℎ(𝑥) = 𝑥+1
𝑥+2
=( ) (𝑥)(𝑥 2 + 3𝑥 + 2)
𝑥+1
𝑥+2
=( ) (𝑥)(𝑥 + 1)(𝑥 + 2)
𝑥+1
𝑓 𝑓(𝑥)
d) (ℎ ) (𝑥) = ℎ(𝑥)
𝑥 3 + 3𝑥 2 + 2𝑥
=
𝑥+2
𝑥+1
𝑥+1
= 𝑥 (𝑥 + 1)(𝑥 + 2) ⋅ ( )
𝑥+2
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