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SLG 2.1.2 Definition of Functions and Operations On Functions (Session 2 of 3)

This document provides a 30-minute lesson on operations of functions. It begins with the target of applying function evaluation concepts and performing addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division of functions. Examples are provided to demonstrate evaluating functions and performing the basic operations on functions. A summary reviews the terminology and notation for the four basic operations on functions. Students are then given practice problems and an assessment to solve using given functions.

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jvvuvuuv lopez
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© © All Rights Reserved
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
0% found this document useful (0 votes)
78 views

SLG 2.1.2 Definition of Functions and Operations On Functions (Session 2 of 3)

This document provides a 30-minute lesson on operations of functions. It begins with the target of applying function evaluation concepts and performing addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division of functions. Examples are provided to demonstrate evaluating functions and performing the basic operations on functions. A summary reviews the terminology and notation for the four basic operations on functions. Students are then given practice problems and an assessment to solve using given functions.

Uploaded by

jvvuvuuv lopez
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Subject Code Math 5 Differential Calculus

Guide Code 2.0 Review of Functions and Introduction to Limits


Lesson Code 2.1.2 Operations on Functions
Time Limit 30 minutes

Time Actual
Allocatio Time
Components Sample Tasks n Allocation
(in (in
minutes)a minutes)b

Target By the end of this guide, the students will have been able to: 0.5

i. Apply the concept of evaluation of functions.


ii. Perform the operations of functions such as addition,
subtraction, multiplication, and division.

Hook
On the previous lesson, we have learned how to evaluate 1
functions. Now, we will discuss the four basic operations of
functions such as; Addition, Subtraction, Multiplication and
Division.

How do we execute these operations with functions?

Ignite Functions are usually defined as the sums, differences, 12


products, and quotients of various expressions.(Cole &
Swokowski, 2010, p.197)

For example, if 𝑓(𝑥) = 3𝑥 + cos 𝑥, we may regard 𝑓(𝑥) as


a sum of two functions 𝑔 and ℎ given by

𝑔(𝑥) = 3𝑥 and ℎ(𝑥) = cos 𝑥.

We call 𝑓 as the sum of 𝑔 and ℎ and denote it by 𝑔 + ℎ. Thus,

𝑓 (𝑥) = 𝑔(𝑥) + ℎ (𝑥) = (𝑔 + ℎ )(𝑥) = 3𝑥 + cos 𝑥.

Generally, if 𝑔 and ℎ are any functions, we use the terminology and


notation as shown in Table 1 below.

Table 1. Sum, Difference, Product and Quotient of Functions


Terminology Function Value
Sum: 𝑔+ℎ (𝑔 + ℎ )(𝑥) = 𝑔(𝑥) + ℎ(𝑥)
Difference: 𝑔 − ℎ (𝑔 − ℎ )(𝑥) = 𝑔(𝑥) − ℎ(𝑥)
Product: 𝑔ℎ (𝑔ℎ )(𝑥) = 𝑔(𝑥) ∗ ℎ(𝑥)
𝑔 𝑔 𝑔(𝑥)
Quotient: ( ) (𝑥) = , ℎ (𝑥) ≠ 0
ℎ ℎ ℎ(𝑥)

Mathematics 5 | Page 1 of 6
NOTE

Generally, the expression (𝑔 + ℎ )(𝑥) = 𝑔(𝑥) + ℎ(𝑥) is

true but 𝑔(𝑎) + 𝑔(𝑏) ≠ 𝑔(𝑎 + 𝑏).

Example 1 | Determining the function values while performing the


operations of functions.

If 𝑓 (𝑥) = 5𝑥 − 3 and ℎ (𝑥) = 𝑥 2 − 5, find the following;

a) (𝑓 + ℎ )(−2) b) (𝑓 − ℎ)(−2)

𝑓
c) (𝑓ℎ)(−2) d) (𝑔) (−2)

Solution
We can solve the function values first before performing
the operations on functions, that is,

𝑓 (−2) = 5(−2) − 3 = −13 and ℎ(−2) = (−2)2 − 5 = −1.

a) (𝑓 + ℎ )(−2) = f(−2) + h(−2) = −13 + (−1) = −14

b) (𝑓 − ℎ )(−2) = f(−2) − h(−2) = −13 − (−1) = −12

c) (𝑓ℎ)(−2) = 𝑓 (−2) ∗ ℎ(−2) = (−13)(−1) = 13

𝑓 𝑓(−2) −13
d) ( ) (−2) = = = 13
ℎ ℎ(−2) −1

Example 2 | Performing the operations of functions.

Given ℎ (𝑥) = 𝑥 2 + 3𝑥 − 4 and 𝑔(𝑥) = 2𝑥 − 2, solve the


following:

a) (ℎ + 𝑔)(𝑥) b) (ℎ − 𝑔)(𝑥)


c) (ℎ𝑔)(𝑥) d) (𝑔) (𝑥)

Solution
Using the functions ℎ (𝑥) = 𝑥 2 + 3𝑥 − 4 and 𝑔(𝑥) =
2𝑥 − 2, we have;

a) (ℎ + 𝑔)(𝑥) = ℎ(𝑥) + 𝑔(𝑥)


= (𝑥 2 + 3𝑥 − 4) + (2𝑥 − 2)
= 𝑥 2 + 5𝑥 − 6

Mathematics 5 | Page 2 of 6
b) (ℎ − 𝑔)(𝑥) = ℎ(𝑥) − 𝑔(𝑥)
= (𝑥 2 + 3𝑥 − 4) − (2𝑥 − 2)
= 𝑥2 + 𝑥 − 2

c) (ℎ𝑔)(𝑥) = ℎ(𝑥) ⋅ 𝑔(𝑥)


= (𝑥 2 + 3𝑥 − 4)(2𝑥 − 2)
= 2𝑥 3 + 4𝑥 2 − 14𝑥 + 8

ℎ ℎ(𝑥)
d) ( ) (𝑥 ) =
𝑔 𝑔(𝑥)

𝑥 2+3𝑥−4
= substitute the values of the functions
2𝑥−2

(𝑥−1)(𝑥+4)
= factor the numerator and denominator
2(𝑥−1)

𝑥+4
= cancel 𝑥 − 1 ≠ 0
2

Example 3 | Performing the operations of functions.

Given 𝑔(𝑥) = 2𝑥 2 − 3𝑥, then solve

𝑔(𝑥 + ∆𝑥 ) − 𝑔(𝑥 )
, ∆𝑥 ≠ 0.
∆𝑥
Solution

𝑔(𝑥+∆𝑥)−𝑔(𝑥) [2(𝑥+∆𝑥)2 −3(𝑥+∆𝑥)]−[2(𝑥)2 −3𝑥]


=
∆𝑥 ∆𝑥

substitute 𝑥 + ∆𝑥 and 𝑥

2[𝑥 2 +2𝑥(∆𝑥)+(∆𝑥)2 ]−3𝑥−3(∆𝑥)]−2𝑥2 +3𝑥


=
∆𝑥

expand (𝑥 + ∆𝑥)2

2𝑥 2 +4𝑥(∆𝑥)+2(∆𝑥)2 −3𝑥−3(∆𝑥)−2𝑥 2 +3𝑥


=
∆𝑥

distribute 2 to

4𝑥(∆𝑥)+2(∆𝑥)2 −3(∆𝑥)
= simplify
∆𝑥

∆𝑥(4𝑥+2∆𝑥−3)
= factor out ∆𝑥
∆𝑥

= 4𝑥 + 2∆𝑥 − 3 cancel out ∆𝑥 ≠ 0

Mathematics 5 | Page 3 of 6
NOTE
The expression in Example 3 is called a
𝑑𝑖𝑓𝑓𝑒𝑟𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑒 𝑞𝑢𝑜𝑡𝑖𝑒𝑛𝑡 and is very significant in calculus.
You’ll learn more about this in Module 3.

To learn more about composing functions click the link below.

https://youtu.be/fDlWPUEPqBM

Navigate
10
LET US PRACTICE

Solve the following using the given functions below.


𝑥+2
𝑓 (𝑥) = 𝑥 3 + 3𝑥 2 + 2𝑥, ℎ(𝑥) =
𝑥+1

a) (ℎ + 𝑓)(𝑥) b) (ℎ − 𝑓)(𝑥)

𝑓
c) (ℎ𝑓)(𝑥) d) (ℎ ) (𝑥)

Knot
In this lesson, you have learned how to evaluate functions 0.5
and perform the operations on functions. Below is the summary of
all the topics discussed.

 The four basic operations of functions are as follows;

Terminology Function Value


Sum: 𝑔+ℎ (𝑔 + ℎ )(𝑥) = 𝑔(𝑥) + ℎ(𝑥)
Difference: 𝑔 − ℎ (𝑔 − ℎ )(𝑥) = 𝑔(𝑥) − ℎ(𝑥)
Product: 𝑔ℎ (𝑔ℎ )(𝑥) = 𝑔(𝑥) ⋅ ℎ(𝑥)
𝑔 𝑔 𝑔(𝑥)
Quotient: ( ) (𝑥) = , ℎ (𝑥) ≠ 0
ℎ ℎ ℎ(𝑥)

Mathematics 5 | Page 4 of 6
ASSESSMENT

Given: 6
𝐹 (𝑥) = (𝑥 − 2)(𝑥 − 1)
𝐺 (𝑥) = 𝑥 2 (2 − 𝑥)
𝐻 (𝑥) = 𝑥 2 − 2𝑥 + 1

Solve the following using the given functions .

𝐻(𝑥) 𝐺(𝑥)
a) (𝐻 + 𝐹 − 𝐺)(𝑥) b)
𝐹(𝑥)

𝐻(𝑥+𝑘)−𝐻(𝑥)
c)
𝑘

a
suggested time allocation set by the teacher
b
actual time spent by the student (for information purposes only)

REFERENCES

Albarico, J.M. (2013). THINK Framework. (Based on Ramos, E.G. and N. Apolinario. (n.d.)
Science LINKS. Rex Bookstore, Inc.)

Larson, R. & Edwards, B.H. (2010). Calculus, 9th Ed. US: CENGAGE Learning.
Stewart, James (2016). Calculus: Early Transcendentals. United States: Cengage Learning.

Swakowski, E., and Cole, J., 2010. Algebra and Trigonometry with Analytic Geometry, 12ed.
CENGAGE Learning.

Icon used for references was grabbed from https://www.flaticon.com .

Prepared by: Romeo M. Madrona, Jr. Reviewed by: Julius O. Albina


Position: Special Science Teacher (SST) I Position: Special Science Teacher (SST) IV
Campus: PSHS-CALABARZON Campus: PSHS- Central Visayas Campus

Mathematics 5 | Page 5 of 6
SOLUTION KEY TO LET US PRACTICE

Odd numbers only.

Solve the following using the given functions below.

𝑥+2
𝑓 (𝑥) = 𝑥 3 + 3𝑥 2 + 2𝑥, ℎ(𝑥) = 𝑥+1

a) (ℎ + 𝑓)(𝑥) = ℎ(𝑥) + 𝑓(𝑥)


𝑥+2
= + 𝑥 3 + 3𝑥 2 + 2𝑥
𝑥+1
1
= 𝑥 3 + 3𝑥 2 + 2𝑥 + 1 + (Answers may vary)
𝑥+1

b) (ℎ − 𝑓)(𝑥) = ℎ(𝑥) − 𝑓 (𝑥)


𝑥+2
= − (𝑥 3 + 3𝑥 2 + 2𝑥 )
𝑥+1
1
= 1 − 2𝑥 − 3𝑥 2 − 𝑥 3 + (Answers may vary)
𝑥+1

c) (ℎ𝑓)(𝑥) = ℎ(𝑥) ⋅ 𝑓(𝑥)


𝑥+2
=( ) (𝑥 3 + 3𝑥 2 + 2𝑥)
𝑥+1

𝑥+2
=( ) (𝑥)(𝑥 2 + 3𝑥 + 2)
𝑥+1

𝑥+2
=( ) (𝑥)(𝑥 + 1)(𝑥 + 2)
𝑥+1

= 𝑥 (𝑥 + 1)(𝑥 + 2)2 (Answers may vary)

𝑓 𝑓(𝑥)
d) (ℎ ) (𝑥) = ℎ(𝑥)

𝑥 3 + 3𝑥 2 + 2𝑥
=
𝑥+2
𝑥+1
𝑥+1
= 𝑥 (𝑥 + 1)(𝑥 + 2) ⋅ ( )
𝑥+2

= 𝑥 (𝑥 + 1)2 (Answers may vary)

Mathematics 5 | Page 6 of 6

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