Practical Research 1 – Grade 11

Quarter 1 – Module 6: The Kinds and Importance of Qualitative Research

Across Fields
First Edition, 2020

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 Practical
Research 1 11
Quarter 1
Self-Learning Module 6
The Kinds and Importance of Qualitative Research
Across Fields
Introductory Message

For the Facilitator:

Welcome to Practical Research 1 Grade 11 Self-Learning Module on The Kinds

and Importance of Qualitative Research Across Fields!

This Self-Learning Module was collaboratively designed, developed and

reviewed by educators from the Schools Division Office of Pasig City headed by its
Officer-in-Charge Schools Division Superintendent, Ma. Evalou Concepcion A.
Agustin, in partnership with the City Government of Pasig through its mayor,
Honorable Victor Ma. Regis N. Sotto. The writers utilized the standards set by the K
to 12 Curriculum using the Most Essential Learning Competencies (MELC) in
developing this instructional resource.

This learning material hopes to engage the learners in guided and independent
learning activities at their own pace and time. Further, this also aims to help learners
acquire the needed 21st century skills especially the 5 Cs, namely: Communication,
Collaboration, Creativity, Critical Thinking, and Character while taking into
consideration their needs and circumstances.

In addition to the material in the main text, you will also see this box in the
body of the module:

Notes to the Teacher

This contains helpful tips or strategies that
will help you in guiding the learners.

As a facilitator you are expected to orient the learners on how to use this
module. You also need to keep track of the learners' progress while allowing them to
manage their own learning. Moreover, you are expected to encourage and assist the
learners as they do the tasks included in the module.
 For the Learner:

Welcome to Practical Research 1 Self-Learning Module on The Kinds and

Importance of Qualitative Research Across Fields!

This module was designed to provide you with fun and meaningful
opportunities for guided and independent learning at your own pace and time. You
will be enabled to process the contents of the learning material while being an active
learner.

This module has the following parts and corresponding icons:

Expectations - This points to the set of knowledge and skills

that you will learn after completing the module.

Pretest - This measures your prior knowledge about the lesson

at hand.

Recap - This part of the module provides a review of concepts

and skills that you already know about a previous lesson.

Lesson - This section discusses the topic in the module.

Activities - This is a set of activities that you need to perform.

Wrap-Up - This section summarizes the concepts and

application of the lesson.

Valuing - This part integrates a desirable moral value in the

lesson.

Posttest - This measures how much you have learned from the
entire module.
 EXPECTATIONS

This module aims to enlighten you on the various kinds of qualitative

research and its importance across fields.

After going through this module, you are expected to:

1. describe the kinds of qualitative research;
2. illustrate the importance of qualitative research across fields; and
3. classify researches based on its kinds.

PRETEST

Directions: Read the questions carefully. Write the letter of the best answer in
your notebook.

1. What kind of qualitative research provides a direct description of a

group, culture or community?
A. case study
B. ethnography
C. historical
D. phenomenology
2. Which research may have the least number of participants?
A. case study
B. grounded theory
C. historical
D. phenomenology
3. What does qualitative research offer in business?
A. It gives perspectives of artists in the modern world.
B. It helps understand processes and theories in education.
C. It provides qualitative data which serve as baseline data for scientific
investigation through observation.
D. It provides in-depth understanding on customers’ thoughts and
opinions leading to better service.
4. What is the importance of qualitative research in social sciences?
A. It may introduce interventions for cancer patients.
B. It may produce statistical data reflecting the attitude and behavior
of man.
C. It may provide a clear picture of the impact of past events to the
present time.
 D. It may provide description or explanation of man’s interactions in a
specific context.
5. In the topic, Struggles of a heartbroken 15-year old boy, what kind of
research can it be classified?
A. case study
B. grounded theory
C. historical
D. phenomenology

RECAP

In the previous module, you learned about the characteristics,

strengths and weaknesses of qualitative research. Can you still recall what
you learned?
Complete the matrix with the appropriate information as briefly as
possible. Write your answer in your notebook.

Characteristics of Strengths of Weaknesses of

Qualitative Research Qualitative Research Qualitative Research

LESSON

Read closely the conceptual information below on the most common

kinds of qualitative research.

I. KINDS OF QUALITATIVE RESEARCH

1. Case Study
 This qualitative research is an in-depth and detailed investigation of an
individual, group, organization, institution, situation, event or entity within
its real-life context. Case study can be exploratory, explanatory or descriptive.
As a researcher working on this kind of research, you identify a specific
contextual boundary or specific focus of the investigation. You may use varied
data collection methods such as observation, interview, questionnaire or
documentary analysis.

Examples
• A researcher who observes patients in an attempt to understand them
and help them overcome their depression
• A researcher who examines a marketing strategy a business person has
utilized

2. Ethnography
According to Coleman and Simpson in Discover Anthropology, ethnography
is the recording and analysis of a culture or society, usually based on
participant-observation and resulting in a written account of people, place or
institution. It is also a direct description of a group, culture or community. As
a researcher, you immerse in the culture of the one being studied. You serve
as an active participant who observes, interacts with participants and takes
detailed notes on observations and impressions.
Examples
• A researcher who observes a group of people on a specific practice like
a religious ceremony
• A researcher who observes the employees in an insurance company that
aims to redesign their system on the processing of insurance claims

3. Phenomenology
This qualitative research aims to understand the meaning of people’s
lived experiences. It explores the experience of people in a certain
phenomenon. In phenomenology, the participants relive their experiences
in order to obtain the very essence of their thoughts and perceptions. As a
researcher, you take detailed notes of what you hear, see, experience and
think in the course of collecting data.
Examples
• A researcher who studies the experiences of athletes who played in
international competitions
• A researcher who studies the experiences of students who join relief
operations
4. Grounded Theory
This qualitative research aims to discover or develop a theory from
systematically collected data which are analyzed and interpreted
inductively. This means that the theory is “grounded” in actual data; the
analysis and formulation of theory happen only after the data have been
collected. As a researcher, you have to conduct thorough interviews and
observations in order to get appropriate information.
Examples
• A researcher who explores the multicultural experiences of migrants
• A researcher who studies the system of disciplines of skilled workers

5. Narrative
This qualitative research explores and conceptualizes human
experience as it is represented in textual form. As a researcher, you capture
the narration of life experiences of an individual through interviews, family
stories, journals, field notes, letters, autobiography, conversations, pictures
or other artifacts. You make an in-depth exploration of the meanings people
assign to their experiences because this kind of research highlights special
events in the individual’s life.
Examples
• A researcher studies adolescent drug use at home, explains why it
happens and shows how a parent confronts and deals with this
problem
• A researcher explores the experiences of social media usage in school
which supports teaching and learning outside the classroom
6. Historical
This qualitative research aims to describe, explain and understand
actions or past events in order to understand present patterns and
anticipate future choices.
Examples

• A researcher examines previous advertisement campaigns and the

targeted demographic and split test it with new campaigns to
determine the most effective campaign
• A researcher describes how and where social work started, how it
developed over time and where it stands today

Table 1: Differences between the Types of Qualitative Research

Kinds of Qualitative Research Focus

Case Study Individual, organization, group,

situation, event and entity
 Ethnography Context or culture

Phenomenology People who have experienced a

phenomenon

Grounded Theory Develop a theory

Narrative Individual experience and sequence

Historical Past events

Basically, qualitative research which uses the naturalistic approach is

people-oriented. Personal viewpoints, feelings, attitudes, emotions and other
subjective traits are the data to be gathered in the natural setting such as
homes, schools, workplaces, streets, marketplaces, and the like.
Let’s find out the importance of qualitative research in the different fields
of study.
II. Importance of Qualitative Research Across Fields
In business, qualitative research explores industry problems in
unstructured manner. This research may reveal trends in thoughts, opinions
and dig deeper into the problem. It examines what is in the mind of customers,
managers or entrepreneurs including their emotions, beliefs, intentions and
perceptions. It can gather realistic view of clients which leads to
understanding why customers behave in a certain way or how they may
respond to a new product.
In humanities and social sciences, qualitative research explores the
complexities of social interactions, systems and processes. It allows in-depth
understanding of people’s attitudes and behavior. Research results in
qualitative research may serve as basis for identifying and highlighting social
values which define social standards. As a researcher, you may develop
theories or introduce practices that promote the welfare of the society.
In medical and allied health, qualitative research creates better
understanding of patients’ experiences, challenges and struggles. It helps
develop detailed, tailor-made interventions which improve outcomes.
In natural sciences, qualitative research provides non-numerical data
which are first gathered in any scientific investigation through observation.
From these observations, the researcher can infer predictions as basis for
interpretations.
In arts and design, qualitative research may provide detailed description
on the impact of arts in culture and the society. As a researcher, you delve
into the feelings and emotions of the artists and artisans and have better
understanding of art appreciation.
In technology and livelihood field, qualitative research discovers best
practices in the workplace, work ethics and strategies which increase
production.

ACTIVITIES

After what you have learned on the kinds of qualitative research and
importance of qualitative research across fields, you are now ready to do the
following tasks. Write your answer in your notebook.

1. Complete the unfinished sentences on the kinds of qualitative research.

a. In ethnography, the researcher examines ___________________________.
b. Case study is challenging because __________________________________.
c. Grounded theory focuses on ________________________________________.
d. In phenomenology, I explore ________________________________________.
e. Historical research allows me to _____________________________________.

2. Considering your track and strand, explain how qualitative research is

beneficial to your specialization?
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________

3. Of the six (6) kinds of qualitative research, which one do you like to
conduct? Why?
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
 WRAP-UP

To summarize, identify the key points in today’s lesson. Complete the

graphic organizer with the kinds of qualitative research and a short
description of each. Write your answer in your notebook.

VALUING

As the whole world faced the challenges of Covid-19 pandemic, what

are possible research topics which may be introduced to address the struggles
of people? List at least three (3) research topics and explain your reasons.
Write your answer in your notebook.

Research topics Reasons for conducting these

researches
1.

2.

3.
 POSTTEST

Directions: Read the questions carefully. Write the letter of the best answer in your
notebook.

1. What kind of qualitative research provides a direct description of a group,

culture or community?
A. case study
B. ethnography
C. historical
D. phenomenology

2. Which research may have the least number of participants?

A. case study
B. grounded theory
C. historical
D. phenomenology

3. What does qualitative research offer to natural sciences?

A. It gives perspectives of artists in the modern world.
B. It helps understand processes and theories in education.
C. It provides qualitative data which serve as baseline data for scientific
investigation through observation.
D. It provides in-depth understanding on customers’ thoughts and opinions
leading to better service.

4. What is the importance of qualitative research in technology and livelihood

field?
A. It may introduce interventions for cancer patients.
B. It may produce statistical data reflecting the attitude and behavior of man.
C. It may provide a clear picture of the impact of past events to the present
time.
D. It may provide description or explanation of best practices in the
workplace.

5. What kind of research is the topic, Filipino Novels in English: Then and Now?
A. case study
B. grounded theory
C. historical
D. phenomenology
 KEY TO CORRECTION

5. C 5. A
4. D 4. D
3. C 3. D
2. A 2. A
1. B 1. B
Posttest Pretest

References
Avilla, Ruel Atendido. 2016. Practical Research 1. Manila: DIWA Learning
Systems Inc.

Baraceros, Esther. 2017. Practical Research 1. Manila: Rex Bookstore Inc.

Coleman, Simon and Simpson, Bob (n.d) Discover Anthropology. Retrieved

From https://www.discoveranthropology.org.uk/about-anthropology/
Glossaryofterrms.html

Practical Research 1 Teacher's Guide. 2016. Manila: Department of Education