;Tofy{ k|sfzsf n]vs

dxlif{ bofgGb ;/:jtL

ljqmd ;Djt\ !**! — !($)

-v_
 .. cf]#d\ ..
cy ;Tofy{k|sfzM
j]bflbljljw;R5f:qk|df0f}M
;dlGjtM
æd]/f] s'g} gjLg sNkgf jf dt–dtfGt/ rnfpg]
n]zdfq klg clek|fo xf]Og . kIfkftnfO{ 5f]8]/ o;nfO{
x]gf{n] ;Tof;To dt ;a}nfO{ ljlbt x'g] g} 5 . lsgeg]
d]/f] tfTko{ s;}sf] xflg jf lj/f]w ug{sf] nflu xf]Og
lsGt' ;Tof;Tosf] lg0f{o ug{–u/fpgsf] nflu xf] . o;}
k|sf/af6 ;a} dg'iox¿ Gofob[li6n] rNg clt plrt
x'G5 . dg'io–hGdsf] k|of]hg ;Tof;Tosf] lg0f{o ug{–
u/fpgsf] nflu g} xf], g ls jfbljjfb, lj/f]w ug{–
u/fpgsf] nflu . d}n] o; u|GynfO{ agfpg'sf] d'Vo
k|of]hg ;To–;To cy{sf] k|sfz ug'{ xf] .Æ
—bofgGb ;/:jtL

>LdTk/dx+;kl/j|fhsfrføo{dxlif{bofgGb;/:jtL:jfldlj/lrtM
-;j{yf /fhlgod] lgof]lhtM_
k|sfzsM

-u_
 u|Gysf] d"nnfO{ otfplt rnfpg] d]/f] ;fdYo{ 5}g . dfq dxlif{hLsf]
efiffnfO{ g]kfnLdf ¿kfGt/0f ug]{ d]/f] k|oTg /x]sf] 5 . s]xL hl6n ;Gbe{nfO{
k|i6Øfpgsf] nflu pxfFs} …;+:sf/ljlwÚ Pj+ …zf:qfy{;+u|xÚ tyf …efujt v08gd\Ú
k':tssf] ;xf/f lng'sf ;fy} g]kfnsf s]xL rlr{t :ynsf ;To 36gfnfO{
;d]6]sf] 5' . pxfFsf] efiff df}lns / kl/is[t /x]sfn] u|Gysf] dd{, ljifo /
z}nLnfO{ x'ax' g]kfnLdf ¿kfGt/0f u/]/ ptfg{ vf]Hbf efiffdf / 6fOlkË ubf{
d"ndf ;d]t kSs} klg q'l6 /xg uPsf] 5 xf]nf . o;nfO{ lj1hgx¿n]
cf}+NofOlbg' ePdf cfufdL ;+:s/0fdf ;d]6\g ;lhnf] x'g] lyof] .
cfof{jtL{o b]zx¿ dWo]df g]kfn klg Pp6f k|d'v b]z ePsf] / cljBfs}
sf/0fn] cwfld{stf, c1fg, s';+:sf/, cGwljZjf; Pj+ ¿l9jfbL k/Dk/faf6 of]
klg ef/tjif{b]lv cnu /xg ;s]sf] 5}g . u|Gydf p7fg ul/Psf ;Dk"0f{
;Tof;Tosf] ljifo jt{dfg ;dodf klg oyfjt} b]Vg kfOG5 . u|Gyn] !#) jif{
cufl8 rn]sf tTsfnLg ;dosf gjLg dtx¿sf] ;d]t s'/f ;d]6]sf] 5 .
jt{dfg ;dodf b]lvPsf cToGt–gjLg dtx¿ h:t} ;fO{+, cf];f], cå}t,
a|Xds'df/L, ç zflGt, af]nad, lgd{n OToflb ;a}sf dtx¿sf] klg ;dLIff
ug{sf] nflu ljåfg\x¿nfO{ o; u|Gyn] k|]/0ff lbG5 eÌ] d]/f] ljZjf; 5 . s'g} gofF
dt, kGy jf ;Dk|bfo agfpg'sf] ;§f j]bk|ltkflbt ;To–l;4fGtnfO{ u|x0f u/]/
c;TonfO{ Tofu ug{df ;Dk"0f{ dfgj hfltsf] lxtsf] nflu kSs} klg sNof0f /
pksf/sf] ljifo x'g]5 . afFsL s'/fx¿ u|Gy cfk}mn] af]ln/x]sf] 5 .
cg'jfbsM gf/fo0f kf}8]n
b'n]uf}+8f gu/kflnsf–!
uf5]kfgL, tgx"F
lj=;+= !)÷!!÷@)&#
[email protected]
[email protected]

-3_
 ljifo–;"rL
qm=;+= ;d'Nnf; ljifo k[i7 ;+Vof
— ;Tofy{k|sfz ljifos Znf]sx¿ !
— e"ldsf @
! klxnf] cf]+sf/ cflb O{Zj/sf] gfdsf] JofVof ^
!=! Æ O{Zj/sf] gfdx¿sf] JofVof ^
!=@ Æ dGqx¿sf] cy{ ^
!=# Æ cf]Íf/sf] JofVof (
!=$ Æ dËnfr/0fsf] ljifodf ;dLIff !^
@ bf];|f] ;Gtfgsf] nflu ;'lzIffsf] ljifo !*
@=! Æ afn–aflnsfsf] lzIff ljifo !*
@=@ Æ e"t–k|]t cflbsf] ljifodf lgif]w !(
@=# Æ lrgf–l6Kkg Pj+ gju|xsf] ;dLIff @)
# t];|f] cWoog–cWofkg, a|Xdro{ Pj+ u|Gysf] ljifo @#
#=! Æ cWoog–cWofkgsf] ljifo @#
#=@ Æ u'? dGqsf] JofVof @#
#=# Æ k|f0ffofdsf] af/]df lzIff @$
#=$ Æ ;GWof–clUgxf]qsf] ljifodf pkb]z @%
#=% Æ o1kfq agfpg] ljlw Pj+ xf]dgsf] kmn @%
#=^ Æ pkgogsf] af/]df ;dLIff @^
#=& Æ a|Xdro{sf] ljlwsf] af/]df j0f{g @^
#=* Æ kfFr k|sf/sf] k/LIff Pj+ cWoog–cWofkg #!
#=( Æ k7g–kf7gsf] af/]df ljz]if ljlw #&
#=!) Æ k|dfl0ft–ck|dfl0ft u|Gyx¿sf] ljifo #(
#=!! Æ :qL Pj+ z"b|sf] nflu cWoog ljlw $!
$ rf}yf] ;dfjt{g, ljjfx Pj+ u[xf>dsf] ljlw $$
$=! Æ ;dfjt{gsf] ljifodf j0f{g $$
$=@ Æ 6f9f ljjfx ubf{sf kmfObfx¿ $$
$=# Æ ljjfxdf :qL–k'?ifsf] k/LIff $%
$=$ Æ ;fg} pd]/df ljjfx ug{ lgif]w $%
$=% Æ u'0f–sdf{g';f/n] j0f{ Joj:yf $&
$=^ Æ ljjfxsf nIf0fx¿ %!
$=& Æ :qL–k'?ifsf Jojxf/x¿ %#
$=* Æ kfFr dxfo1x¿ -a|Xd, b]j, tk{0f, >f4 xf]d_ %$
$=( Æ kfv08L lt/:sf/ %&
$=!) Æ laxfg p7]b]lvsf wd{sd{x¿ %&
$=!! Æ kfv08Lsf] nIf0fx¿ %*
$=!@ Æ u[x:y wd{sf] ljifo %*
$=!# Æ kl08tsf] nIf0fx¿ ^)
$=!$ Æ d"v{sf] nIf0fx¿ ^)

-ª_
$=!% Æ ljBfyL{sf sd{sf] j0f{g ^)
$=!^ Æ k'glj{jfx Pj+ lgof]usf] ljifo ^!
$=!& Æ u[x:y cf>dsf] >]i7tf ^&
% kfFrf}+ jfgk|:y Pj+ ;+Gof; cf>dsf] ljlw ^*
%=! Æ jfgk|:yff>dsf] ljlw ^*
%=@ Æ ;+Gof; cf>dsf] ljlw ^(
^ 5}6f}+ /fhf / k|hfsf] wd{ Pj+ st{Josf] j0f{g &%
^=! Æ /fhwd{sf] ljifo &%
^=@ Æ tLg ;efsf] af/]df syg &%
^=# Æ /fhf Pj+ ;efkltsf nIf0fx¿ &%
^=$ Æ b08sf] af/]df JofVof &^
^=% Æ /fhfsf] st{Jo &&
^=^ Æ cÝfx| Jo;gx¿sf] lgif]w &*
^=& Æ dGqL, b"t Pj+ /fhk'?ifx¿sf] nIf0f &(
^=* Æ dGqLx¿sf] sfo{lgof]u Pj+ b'u{ lgdf{0fsf] JofVof &(
^=( Æ o'4sf k|sf/ Pj+ tl/sf *)
^=!) Æ /fHosf] nIf0fx¿ Pj+ ljlw *!
^=!! Æ u|fd clwkltsf] j0f{g Pj+ s/ lng] k|sf/ *#
^=!@ Æ dGq0ffsf] k|sf/ *#
^=!# Æ cf;g cflb 5 u'0fx¿sf] JofVof *$
^=!$ Æ /fhf, pbf;Lg ldq Pj+ zq';Fu rNg] ljlw *$
^=!% Æ zq';Fu o'4 ug]{ tl/sf *%
^=!^ Æ Jofkf/ cflb tyf /fhefusf] syg *&
^=!& Æ cÝfx| ljjfbf:kb dfu{x¿df wd{ Pj+ Gofon] rNn]=== *&
^=!* Æ ;fIfLsf] nflu st{Jo / pkb]z **
^=!( Æ e'm6f ;fIfLsf] nflu b08 ljlw *(
^=@) Æ rf]/sf] nflu b08sf] JofVof ()
& ;ftf}+ O{Zj/ Pj+ j]b ljifodf lj:t[t JofVof (#
&=! Æ O{Zj/ / j]bsf] JofVof (#
&=@ Æ O{Zj/sf] ljifodf k|Zgf]Q/x¿ (#
&=# Æ O{Zj/sf] :t'lt–k|fy{gf–pkf;gf (^
&=$ Æ O{Zj/sf 1fgsf k|sf/x¿ ((
&=% Æ O{Zj/sf] cl:tTjsf] ljifodf syg !))
&=^ Æ O{Zj/sf] cjtf/ lgif]wsf] af/]df syg !))
&=& Æ hLjsf] :jtGqtf !)@
&=* Æ hLj / O{Zj/sf] leÌtfsf] j0f{g !)@
&=( Æ O{Zj/sf] ;u'0ftf / lgu'{0ftfsf] af/]df syg !)#
&=!) Æ j]bsf] ljifodf ljrf/ !)&
* cf7f}+ ;[li6–pTklQ–l:ylt–k|nosf] ljifodf JofVof !!!
*=! Æ ;[li6 / pTklQsf] ljifo !!!
*=@ Æ O{Zj/sf] leÌtf, k|s[lt / pkfbfg–sf/0fsf] JofVof !!!
*=# Æ ;[li6 ljifodf gfl:ts dtsf] lg/fs/0f !!%
-r_
*=$ Æ dg'iox¿sf] cflb;[li6 Pj+ :yfgsf] lg0f{o !@)
*=% Æ cfo{ / Dn]R5x¿sf] ljifodf JofVof !@!
*=^ Æ O{Zj/n] hut\nfO{ wf/0f ug]{ ljifodf JofVof !@@
( gjf}+ ljBf–cljBf / aGw–df]Ifsf] ljifodf JofVof !@^
(=! Æ ljBf–cljBfsf] ljifo !@^
(=@ Æ aGw / d'lQmsf] ljifodf j0f{g !@*
(=# Æ tbgGt/ >j0frt'i6o !##
!) bzf}+ cfrf/–cgfrf/ / eIo–ceIosf] ljifodf==== !$)
!)=! Æ cfrf/ / cgfrf/sf] ljifodf j0f{g !$)
!)=@ Æ eIo / ceIosf] ljifodf j0f{g !$#
cg'e"ldsf -!_ !$*
!! P3f/f}+ cfof{jt{sf dtdtfGt/ / v08g–d08g ljifo !$(
!!=! Æ d08gsf] ljifo !$(
!!=@ Æ rqmjtL{ /fhfx¿sf] gfd pNn]v !$(
!!=# Æ dGqx¿sf] l;l4 Pj+ lg/fs/0f !%)
!!=$ Æ jfddfu{sf] lg/fs/0f !%#
!!=% Æ cå}tjfbsf] ;dLIff !%&
!!=^ Æ e:d, ?b|fIf, ltns, dfnf, s07L cflbsf] ;dLIff !^#
!!=& Æ j}i0fjdtsf] af/]df ;dLIff !^%
!!=* Æ d"lt{k"hfsf] af/]df ;dLIff !^&
!!=( Æ uof>f4sf] af/]df ;dLIff !&$
!!=!) Æ huÌfy tLy{sf] af/]df ;dLIff !&$
!!=!! Æ /fd]Zj/sf] af/]df ;dLIff !&%
!!=!@ Æ sflnosGt, ;f]dgfy cflbsf] ;dLIff !&^
!!=!# Æ åf/sf Hjfnfd'vL cflbsf] ;dLIff !&&
!!=!$ Æ xl/åf/, ab/Lgfy, kz'kltgfy cflbsf] ;dLIff !&&
!!=!% Æ df+;fxf/ Pj+ aln k|yfsf] lgif]w !&(
!!=!^ Æ uËf:gfgsf] ;dLIff !*)
!!=!& Æ gfd:d/0f / tLy{ zAbsf] JofVof !*)
!!=!* Æ u'? dfxfTDosf] ;dLIff !*!
!!=!( Æ cÝfx| k'/f0fx¿sf] ;dLIff !*!
!!=@) Æ lzjk'/f0fsf] ;dLIff !*@
!!=@! Æ dfs{08]o k'/f0fsf] ;dLIff !*$
!!=@@ Æ efujt k'/f0fsf] ;dLIff !*$
!!=@# Æ ;"o{ cflb gju|xk"hfsf] ;dLIff !**
!!=@$ Æ u?8k'/f0fsf] ;dLIff !*(
!!=@% Æ bfg / kfqsf] nIf0f Pj+ ;dLIff !(#
!!=@^ Æ PsfbzL cflb j|tx¿sf] ;dLIff !($
!!=@& Æ df/0f–df]xg–pRrf6gsf] ;fy} jfddfu{sf] ;dLIff !(^
!!=@* Æ z}jdtsf] ;dLIff !(&
!!=@( Æ zfQm–j}i0fjdtsf] ;dLIff !(&
!!=#) Æ saL/kGysf] ;dLIff @))
-5_
!!=#! Æ gfgskGysf] ;dLIff @)!
!!=#@ Æ bfb"/fd, /fd:g]x kGysf] ;dLIff @)#
!!=## Æ uf]s'lno] uf]:jfdLdtsf] ;dLIff @)$
!!=#$ Æ :jfdL gf/fo0fdtsf] ;dLIff @)*
!!=#% Æ dfWj, lnË, rqmflÍt, a|fXdk|fy{gf ;dfhflbsf] ;==== @!!
!!=#^ Æ cfo{;dfhsf] ljifo @!$
!!=#& Æ tGqflb ljifos k|Zgf]Q/x¿ @!%
!!=#* Æ a|Xdrf/L Pj+ ;+Gof;Lsf] ;dLIff @!*
!!=#( Æ cfof{jt{b]zLo /fhj+zfjnL @@!
cg'e"ldsf -@_ @@$
!@ afx|f}+ gfl:tsdt rf/jfs, af}4 / h}g v08g–d08g @@%
!@=! Æ gfl:tsdtsf] ;dLIff @@%
!@=@ Æ rf/jfsdtsf] ;dLIff @@^
!@=# Æ af}4flbsf gfl:ts e]bx¿ @@&
!@=$ Æ af}4 / ;f}utdtsf] ;dLIff @#)
!@=% Æ h}gdtsf] ;dLIff @#)
!@=^ Æ ;ft eËsf :ofåfbx¿ @#!
!@=& Æ h}g / af}4sf] P]Sotf @#@
!@=* Æ tf}tfltsf] dtsf] pNn]v @#$
!@=( Æ h}gdtsf] O{Zj/v08g ljifodf k|Zgx¿ @#^
!@=!) Æ hut\sf] cgflbTj ;DaGwL ;dLIff Pj+ h}gsf ;fw'=== @#&
!@=!! Æ h}gdtdf /x]sf l;4fGt–;+u|x¿ @#&
!@=!@ Æ hLjsf] cgGt;Tjsf] ljifodf ;dLIff @#(
!@=!# Æ h}gdtsf] ;dLIff @#(
!@=!$ Æ h}gdtdf d"lt{k"hfsf] k|df0fx¿ @#(
!@=!% Æ h}gdtdf /x]sf c;Dej syfx¿sf] ;dLIff @$)
!@=!^ Æ h}gdtdf /x]sf] sfn / e"ldsf] kl/df0f @$#
!@=!& Æ h}gdtdf /x]sf] hLj–chLjsf] nIf0fx¿ @$%
!@=!* Æ ;DoSTjflbsf] nIf0fx¿ @$%
!@=!( Æ h}gdtdf d"lt{k"hfsf] k|df0fx¿ @%#
!@=@) Æ h}gdtdf /x]sf] c;Dej syfx¿sf] ;dLIff @%#
!@=@! Æ h}gdtsf @$ tLy{Í/x¿sf] JofVof @%*
!@=@@ Æ h}gdtdf /x]sf] hDa"åLkflbsf] lj:tf/ @%(
cg'e"ldsf -#_ @^#
!# t]x|f}+ O{;fO{dtsf] ljifodf JofVof @^$
!#=! Æ O{;fO{dtsf] ;dLIff @^$
Æ !#=@ -s_ k'/fgf] ljwfgsf] k':ts tf}/]t @^$
!#=@=! Æ pTklQ k':ts -tf}/]t_ @^$
!#=@=@ Æ ofqfsf] k':ts -tf}/]t_ @&$
!#=@=# Æ n}Jo Joj:yfsf] k':ts -tf}/]t_ @&^
!#=@=$ Æ u0fgfsf] k':ts -tf}/]t_ @&*
!#=@=% Æ ;d'Pnsf] bf];|f] k':ts -tf}/]t_ @&*
-h_
!#=@=^ Æ /fhfx¿sf] k':ts -tf}/]t_ @&(
!#=@=& Æ sfnsf] ;dfrf/sf] k':ts -ha"/_ @&(
!#=@=* Æ P]oa" sf] k':ts -ha"/_ @&(
!#=@=( Æ pkb]zsf] k':ts -ha"/_ @*)
Æ !#=# -v_ gofF ljwfgsf] k':ts O~hLn @*)
!#=#=! Æ dQL /lrt O~hLn cfVofg -O~hLn_ @*)
!#=#=@ Æ dfs{ /lrt O~hLn cfVofg -O~hLn_ @()
!#=#=# Æ n"sf /lrt O~hLn cfVofg -O~hLn_ @()
!#=#=$ Æ o"xÌf /lrt ;';dfrf/ -O~hLn_ @()
!#=#=% Æ o"xÌfsf] k|sflzt jfSo -O~hLn_ @(!
cg'e"ldsf -$_ @((
!$ rf}wf}+ ojgdtsf] ljifodf ;dLIff #))
!$=! Æ ojgdtsf] ;dLIff #))
!% — :jdGtJo–cdGtJo ljifodf k|sfz #$!

-em_
 .. cf]#d\ ..
cy ;Tofy{k|sfzljifosZnf]sfM
>Lo'QmbofgGb;/:jtL:jfldlj/lrtM
bofof cfgGbf] ljn;lt k/:jfTdljlbtM,
;/:jTo:ofGt] lgj;lt d'bf ;Toz/0ff .
tbfVoflto{:o k|sl6tu'0ff /fli6«k/df,
;sf] bfGtM zfGtf] ljlbtljlbtf] j]BljlbtM ..!..
;Tofy{k|sfzfo u|Gy:t]g}j lgld{tM .
j]bflb;Tozf:qf0ff+ k|df0f}u'{0f;+o'tM ..@..
ljz]ifefuLx j[0ff]lt of] lxt+,
lk|of]˜q ljBf+ ;'s/f]lt tflŒjsLd\ .
cz]ifb'MvfQ' ljd'Ro ljBof,
; df]IfdfKgf]lt g sfdsfd'sM ..#..
g ttM kmndl:t lxt+ ljb'iff],
Xolws+ k/d+ ;'neÌ' kbd\ .
net] ;'otf] ejtLx ;'vL,
sk6L ;';'vL eljtf g ;bf ..$..
wdf{Tdf ljhoL ; zf:qz/0ff] lj1fgljBfj/f]–
˜wd]{0f}j xtf] ljsf/;lxtf]˜wd{:;'b'Mvk|bM .
o]gf˜;f} ljlwjfSodfgdggft\ kfv08v08M s[t–
:;To+ of] ljbwflt zf:qljlxtGwGof]˜:t' tfb[lU3 ;M ..%..



oL Znf]s ;Tofy{k|sfz k|yd ;+:s/0fsf] d"nk|ltdf ljifo;"rLsf] kZrft\ n]lvPsf] 5 . dxlif{
bofgGbsf] CUj]bflbefioe"ldsf, ;+:sf/ljlw, cfof{leljgo cflb u|Gyx¿df klg o;} k|sf/ Znf]s
n]Vg] z}nL ldNb5 . oL Znf]s k|yd / låtLo ;+:s/0fdf k|sflzt x'g afFsL /x]sf] lyof] , To;}n]
oxfF k|sflzt ul/Psf] 5 .
 cf]#d\
e"ldsf
h'g ;dodf d}n] of] u|Gy …;Tofy{k|sfzÚ agfPsf] lyPF, To; ;do / To; eGbf k"j{
;+:s[tefif0f ug]{, k7g–kf7gdf ;+:s[t g} af]Ng] / hGde"ldsf] efiff klg u'h/ftL x'gfsf] sf/0fn]
dnfO{ o; efiffsf] ljz]if kl/1fg lyPg, o;}n] efiff cz'4 aÌ uPsf] lyof] . clxn] efiff af]Ng /
n]Vgsf] nflu hflg;s]sf] 5' . To;}n] o; u|GynfO{ efiff Jofs/0ffg';f/ z' 4 u/]/ bf];|f] k6s
5kfOPsf] 5 . ljz]if u/]/ o; k6sdf o;sf] efiff k"j{ eGbf pQd x'g uPsf] 5 . sxL+–sxL+ zAb,
jfSo /rgfsf] e]b x'g uPsf] 5 ;f] ug{ plrt lyof], lsgeg] o;sf] e]b u/] lagf efiffsf] kl/kf6L
;'wfg{ sl7g lyof], k/Gt' cy{sf] e]b ul/Psf] 5}g, a¿ a9L n]lvPsf] 5 . xf], h'g k|yd 5Kgdf sxL+–
sxL+ e'n /xg uPsf] lyof], To;nfO{ lgsfNb} zf]w u/]/ 7Ls–7Ls ul/Psf] 5 .
of] u|Gy rf}w -!$_ ;d'Nnf; cyf{t\ rf}w ljefux¿df /rgf ul/Psf] 5 . o;df !) ;d'Nnf;
k"jf{4{ / $ ;d'Nnf; pQ/fw{ u/]/ ag]sf] 5, k/Gt' cGTosf b'O{ ;d'Nnf; / kZrft\ :jl;4fGt s'g}
sf/0fjz k|yddf 5fKg ;lsPsf] lyPg, clxn] Tof] klg 5kfOPsf] 5 .
!— klxnf] ;d'Nnf;df O{Zj/sf] cf]+sf/f˜˜lb gfdx¿sf] JofVof 5 .
@— bf];|f] ;d'Nnf;df ;Gtfgx¿sf] nflu lzIffsf] af/]df atfOPsf] 5 .
#— t];|f] ;d'Nnf;df a|Xdro{, k7gkf7gJoj:yf, ;Tof˜;To u|Gyx¿sf gfd / k9\g–
k9fpgsf] nflu /Llt atfOPsf] 5 .
$— rf}yf] ;d'Nnf;df ljjfx / u[xf>dsf] Jojxf/sf] af/]df atfOPsf] 5 .
%— kfFrf}+ ;d'Nnf;df jfgk|:y / ;+Gof;f>dsf] ljlw atfOPsf] 5 .
^— 5}6f}+ ;d'Nnf;df /fhwd{sf] af/]df atfOPsf] 5 .
&— ;ftf}+ ;d'Nnf;df j]b / O{Zj/sf] af/]df atfOPsf] 5 .
*— cf7f}+ ;d'Nnf;df hut\sf] pTklQ, l:ylt / k|nosf] ljifo 5 .
(— gjf}+ ;d'Nnf;df ljBf, cljBf, aGw / df]Ifsf] ljifodf 5 .
!)— bzf}+ ;d'Nnf;df cfrf/, cgfrf/ / eIofeIosf] ljifodf 5 .
!!— P3f/f}+ ;d'Nnf;df cfof{jtL{o dt dtfGt/sf] v08g–d08gsf] ljifo 5 .
!@— afx|f}+ ;d'Nnf;df rf/jfs, af}4 / h}gdtsf] ljifosf] af/]df 5 .
!#– t]x|f}+ ;d'Nnf;df O{;fO{ dtsf] ljifosf] af/]df 5 .
!$— rf}wf}+ ;d'Nnf;df d';ndfgx¿sf] dtsf] ljifosf] af/]df 5 .
/ rf}wf}+ ;d'Nnf;sf] cGtdf cfo{x¿sf] ;gftg j]bljlxt dtsf] ljz]iftM JofVof n]lvPsf] 5,
h;nfO{ d}n] klg oyfjt\ dfGb5' .
d}n] o; u|GynfO{ agfpg'sf] d'Vo k|of]hg ;To–;To cy{sf] k|sfz ug'{ xf], cyf{t\ h'g ;To
xf] To; ;TonfO{ / h'g ldYof xf] To; ldYofnfO{ g} k|ltkfbg ug'{ ;To cy{sf] k|sfz ;De]msf] 5' .
To;nfO{ ;To elg+b}g hxfF ;Tosf] :yfgdf c;To / c;Tosf] :yfgdf ;Tosf] k|sfz ul/G5 . lsGt'
h'g kbfy{ h:tf] 5 To;nfO{ To:t} eÌ', n]Vg' / dfÌ'nfO{ ;To elgG5 . h'g dg'io kIfkftL x'G5, Tof]
cfˆgf] c;TonfO{ klg ;To / bf];|f] lj/f]wL dtjfnfsf] ;TonfO{ klg c;To l;4 ug{df k|j[Q x'G5,
o;}n] Tof] ;To dtnfO{ k|fKt x'g ;Sb}g . o;}n] ljåfg\ cfKtx¿sf] oxL d'Vo sfd xf] ls pkb]z jf
n]våf/f ;a} dg'iox¿sf] ;fd'Ì] ;Tof˜;Tosf] :j¿k ;dlk{t ul/b]cf];\, kZrft\ pgLx¿ :jo+n]
cfˆgf] lxtflxt ;De]m/ ;Tofy{nfO{ u|x0f / ldYofy{sf] kl/Tofu u/]/ ;bf cfgGbdf /x"g\ . dg'iosf]
cfTdf ;Tof˜;TonfO{ hfÌ]jfnf 5 tyflk cfˆgf] k|of]hgsf] l;l4, x7, b'/fu|x / cljBflb bf]ifx¿af6
;TonfO{ 5f]8]/ c;Todf e'mSg hfG5 . k/Gt' o; u|Gydf To:tf] s'g} s'/f] /flvPsf] 5}g / g t s;}sf]
dg b'vfpg' jf s;}sf] xflgdf tfTko{ 5, lsGt' h;af6 dg'io hfltsf] pÌlt / pksf/ x'G5,
;Tof˜;TonfO{ dg'ion] hfg]/ ;Tosf] u|x0f / c;Tosf] kl/Tofu u¿g\, lsgeg] ;Tof]kb]zsf] lagf
cGo s'g} klg dg'io hfltsf] pÌltsf] sf/0f 5}g .
o; u|Gydf hxfF e'n–r'sn] cyjf zf]wg tyf 5fKgdf e'n–r's /xg uPdf, To;nfO{
lj1hgx¿n] ljlbt u/fOlbPdf h:tf] ToxfF ;To x'g]5 To:t} ul/lbg]5f}+ . / hf] s;}n] kIfkftn]
cGoyf zÍf jf v08g d08g ug]{5, To;sf] s'/fdf Wofg lbOg] 5}g . xf], olb Tof] dg'iodfqsf]
lxt}ifL eP/ s]xL hgfOlbPdf To;nfO{ ;To–;To a'lemPdf To;sf] dtnfO{ ;+u[xLt ul/g]5 .
 oBlk cfhef]ln y'k|} ljåfg\ k|To]s dtx¿df 5g\, ltgLx¿ kIfkftnfO{ 5f]8]/ ;j{tGq l;4fGt
cyf{t\ h'g–h'g s'/f ;a}sf] cg's"n ;a}df ;To x'G5, To;sf] u|x0f / hf] Ps bf];|f;Fu lj?4 s'/fx¿
5g\, To;sf] Tofu u/]/ k/:k/ k|Lltn] rNg] / rnfpg] u/]df t hut\sf] k"0f{ lxt x'g]5 . lsgeg]
ljåfg\x¿sf] lj/f]wn] cljåfg\x¿df lj/f]w a9]/ cg]sljw b'Mvsf] j[l4 / ;'vsf] xflg x'g hfG5 . o;
xflgn], h'g ls :jfyL{ dg'iox¿nfO{ lk|o 5, ;a} dg'iox¿nfO{ b'Mv;fu/df 8'afOlbPsf] 5 . oL
dWo]af6 hf] sf]xL ;fj{hlgs lxt nIodf nfu]/ k|j[Q x'G5, To;;Fu :jfyL{x¿ lj/f]w ug{df tTk/
eP/ cg]s k|sf/sf] lj£g ub{5g\ . k/Gt' …;Tod]j holt gfg[t+ ;To]g kGyf ljttf] b]jofgM .Ú cyf{t\
;j{bf ;Tosf] ljho / c;Tosf] k/fho / ;Toaf6} ljåfg\x¿sf] dfu{ lj:t[t x'G5 . o; b[9
lgZrosf] cfnDagaf6 cfKt hgx¿ k/f]ksf/ ug{df pbf;Lg eP/ slxNo} ;Tofy{k|sfz ug{sf] nflu
x6\b}gg\ . of] 7"nf] b[9 lgZro xf] ls …oQbu|] ljifldj kl/0ffd]˜d[tf]kdd\ .Ú of] uLtfsf] jrg xf] .
o;sf] clek|fo of] xf] ls h'g–h'g ljBf / wd{k|flKtsf sd{ 5g\, tL k|yd ug{df ljifs} t'No /
kZrft\ cd[tsf] ;b[z x'G5g\ . o:t} s'/fx¿nfO{ lrQdf /fv]/ d}n] o; u|Gysf] /rgf u/]sf] 5' . >f]tf
jf kf7su0f klg k|yd k|]dn] x]/]/ o; u|Gysf] ;To–;To tfTko{ hfg]/ oy]i7 dgg u¿g\ .
o;df of] clek|fo /flvPsf] 5 ls h'g–h'g ;a} dtx¿df ;To–;To s'/fx¿ 5g\, tL–tL
;a}df clj?4 x'gfn] To;nfO{ :jLsf/ u/]/, h'g–h'g dtdtfGt/x¿df ldYof s'/f 5g\, To;–To;sf]
v08g ul/Psf] 5 . o;df of] clek|fo /flvPsf] 5 ls ;a} dtdtfGt/x¿sf u'Kt jf k|s6 g/fd|f
s'/fx¿sf] k|sfz u/]/ ljåfg\ cljåfg\ ;a} ;fwf/0f dg'iox¿sf] ;fd'Ì] /fv]sf] 5', ;a}sf] ;a};Fu
ljrf/ dy]/ k/:k/ k|]dL x'Fb} Ps ;To dt:y aÌ ;sf}+ .
oBlk d cfof{jQ{ b]zdf hGd]+ / a:b5', tyflk h;/L o; b]zsf] dtdtfGt/x¿sf] e'm§f
s'/fsf] kIfkft gu/]/ ofyftYo k|sfz ub{5', To;/L g} bf];|f b]z:y jf dtjfnfx¿sf] ;fy klg
ub{5' . h;/L :jb]zLx¿sf ;fy dg'iof]Ìltsf] ljifodf nfUb5', To;/L g} ljb]zLx¿sf ;fy klg tyf
;a} ;Hhgx¿n] klg nflu kg{ of]Uo 5 . lsgeg] d klg s'g} Pssf] kIfkftL x'Gy]+ eg] t h;/L
cfhef]lnsf :jdtsf] :t'lt, d08g / k|rf/ ub{5g\ / bf];|fsf] dtsf] lgGbf, xflg / aGw ug{df tTk/
x'G5g\, To:t} d klg x'Gy]+, k/Gt' o:tf s'/f dg'iokgb]lv alxM 5 . lsgeg] h;/L kz' anjfg\ eP/
lga{nx¿nfO{ b'Mv lbG5g\ / dfb{5g\ klg, ha dg'io z/L/ kfP/ To:t} sd{ ub{5g\ eg] t tL dg'io
:jefjo'Qm xf]Ogg\, lsGt' kz'jt\ x'g\ . / h;n] anjfg\ eP/ lga{nx¿sf] /Iff ub{5 To;}nfO{ dg'io
eGb5g\ / h;n] :jfy{jz eP/ k/xflgdfq ul//fVb5, To;nfO{ hfÌ' ls kz'sf] klg bfh' xf] .
ca cfof{jtL{x¿sf] ljifodf ljz]if u/]/ P3f/f}+ ;d'Nnf;;Dd n]v]sf] 5' . oL ;d'Nnf;x¿df
h'g ls ;Todt k|sflzt ul/Psf] 5, Tof] j]bf]Qm x'gfn] dnfO{ ;j{yf dGtJo 5 / h'g gjLg k'/f0f
tGqflb u|Gyf]Qm s'/fx¿sf] v08g ul/Psf] 5, Tof] ToStJo 5 .
oBlk h'g afx|f}+ ;d'Nnf;df rf/jfssf] dt n]lvPsf] 5, Tof] o; ;dodf IfL0ff˜:t h:tf] 5
/ of] rf/jfs af}4 h}g;Fu w]/} ;DaGw cgLZj/jfbflbdf /fVb5 . of] rf/jfs ;a} eGbf 7"nf] gfl:ts
xf] . To;sf] r]i6fnfO{ /f]Sg cfjZos 5, lsgeg] h'g ldYof s'/f] /f]lsPg eg] t ;+;f/df y'k|} cg{y
k|j[Q x'g hfG5 .
rf/jfssf] h'g dt xf], Tof] af}4 / h}gsf] dt xf], Tof] klg afx|f}+ ;d'Nnf;df ;+If]kaf6
n]lvPsf] 5 . / af}4 tyf h}gLx¿sf] dt klg rf/jfssf] dtsf] ;fy d]n /fVb5 / s]xL yf]/}
s'/fdfdfq} e]b 5, / h}gL klg w]/} c+zdf rf/jfs / af}4x¿sf] ;fy d]n /fVb5 / yf]/} s'/fdf dfq
e]b 5 . o;}n] h}gLx¿sf] leÌ zfvf uÌ] ul/G5 . Tof] e]b afx|f}+ ;d'Nnf;df n]lvlbPsf] 5' . oyfof]Uo
jxL+ ;Demg" . h] o;sf] leÌ 5, ;f]–;f] afx|f}+ ;d'Nnf;df b]vfOPsf] 5 . af}4 / h}gsf] dtsf] ljifo
klg n]lvPsf] 5 .
oL dWo]df af}4x¿sf] bLkj+zflb k|frLg u|Gyx¿df af}4dt ;+u|x …;j{bz{g;+u|xÚ df b]vfOPsf]
5, To;}af6 lnP/ oxfF n]lvPsf] 5 / h}gLx¿sf lgDglnlvt l;4fGtsf k':tsx¿ 5g\ . tL dWo]af6—
$ rf/ d"n;"q, h:t}—
!–cfjZos;"q, @–ljz]if cfjZos;"q, #–bzj}sflns;"q, / $–kflIfs;"q .
!! P3f/ cË, h:t}—
!–cfrf/f+u;"q, @–;'o8f+u;"q, #–7f0ff+u;"q, $–;djfof+u;"q, %–eujtL;"q,
 ^–1ftfwd{syf;"q, &–pkf;sbzf;"q, *–cGtu8bzf;"q, (–cg'Q/f]jjfO{;"q, !)–ljkfs;"q, /
!!–k|ZgJofs/0f;"q .
!@ afx| pkfË, h:t}—
!–pjjfO{o;"q, @–/fok;]gL;"q, #–hLjfleud;"q, $–kÌu0ff;"q, %–hDa"åLkk00flt;"q,
^–rGbkÌlt;"q, &–;"l/ok00flt;"q, *–lg/Lofjlnsf;"q, (–slKkof;"q, !)–skj8L;of;"q,
!!–k'lKkof;"q, / !@–k'Kkr"lnof;"q .
% kfFr sNk;"q, h:t}—
!–pQ/fWoog;"q, @–lgzLy;"q, #–sNk;"q, $–Jojxf/;"q, / %–hLtsNk;"q .
^ 5M 5]b, h:t}—
!–dxflgzLya[xåfrgf;"q, @–dxflgzLyn3'jfrgf;"q, #–dWodjfrgf;"q $–lk08lg?lQm;"q,
%–cf}3lg?lQm;"q, / ^–køo{"if0ff;"q .
!) bz koÌf;"q, h:t}—
!–rt':;/0f;"q, @–k~rvf0f;"q, #–tb'nj}oflns;"q, $–elQmkl/1fg;"q, %–dxfk|TofVofg;"q,
^–rGbfljho;"q, &–u0fLljho;"q, *–d/0f;dflw;"q, (–b]j]Gb|:tjg;"q, / !)–;+;f/;"q tyf
gGbL;"q, cg'of]uf]4f/;"q klg k|dfl0fs dfGb5g\ .
% k~rfË, h:t}—
!–k"j{ ;a} u|Gyx¿sf 6Lsf, @–lg?lQm, #–r/0fL, $–efio . oL rf/ cjoj / oL ;a} d"n
ldnfP/ k~rfË eGb5g\ .
logLx¿df 9"+l9ofn] cjojx¿nfO{ dfGb}gg\ / oL b]lv leÌ klg cg]s u|Gyx¿ 5g\ ls
h;nfO{ h}gLx¿n] dfGb5g\ . logLx¿sf] ljz]if dtdfly ljrf/ afx|f}+ ;d'Nnf;df x]g'{xf]nf .
h}gLx¿sf u|Gyx¿df nfvf}+ k'g?Qm bf]if 5g\ / logsf] of] klg :jefj xf] ls cfˆgf u|Gy
bf];|f] dtjfnfsf] xftdf 5 jf 5flkPsf] 5 eg] t s'g}–s'g}n] To; u|GynfO{ ck|df0f klg ub{5g\, of]
s'/f] logLx¿sf] ldYof xf] . lsgeg] h;nfO{ s;}n] dfGb5, s;}n] dfGb}g, o;}n] Tof] u|Gy h}gdtb]lv
aflx/ x'g ;Sb}g . xf], h;nfO{ s;}n] dfGb}g / g slxNo} s'g} h}gLn] dfg]sf] xf];\, ta g} cu|fXo x'g
;Sb5 . k/Gt' o:tf] s'g} klg u|Gy 5}g ls h;nfO{ h}gLn] dfGb}g . o;}n] h;n] h'g u|GynfO{ dfGb5
xf]nf p; u|Gy:y ljifos v08g d08g klg p;}sf] nflu ;Demg'kb{5 . k/Gt' slt t o:tf klg 5g\
ls To; u|GynfO{ dfGb5g\ / hfGb5g\ t/ klg ;ef jf ;+jfbdf d'v k]mb{5g\ . o;} x]t'n] h}gLx¿n]
cfˆgf u|Gyx¿nfO{ n'sfP/ /fVb5g\ . bf];|f] dt:ynfO{ lb+b}gg\, ;'gfpFb}gg\ / k9fpFb}gg\, o;}n] ls
To;leq c;Dej s'/fx¿ n]lvPsf 5g\ h;sf] s'g} klg pQ/ h}gLx¿n] lbg ;Sb}gg\ . e'm§f] s'/fnfO{
5f]l8lbg' g} pQ/ x'G5 .
t]x|f}+ ;d'Nnf;df O{;fO{x¿sf] dtsf] af/]df n]lvPsf] 5 . logLx¿n] afOannfO{ cfˆgf] wd{ –
k':ts dfGb5g\ . logLx¿sf ljz]if ;dfrf/ p;} t]x|f}+ ;d'Nnf;df x]g'{xf]nf / rf}wf}+ ;d'Nnf;df
d';ndfgx¿sf] dt–ljifosf] af/]df n]lvPsf] 5 . logLx¿n] s'/fgnfO{ cfˆgf] dtsf] d"n k':ts
dfGb5g\ . logLx¿sf klg ljz]if Jojxf/ rf}wf}+ ;d'Nnf;df x]g'{xf]nf / o; eGbf cufl8 j}lbsdtsf]
ljifodf n]lvPsf] 5 .
hf] s;}n] o; u|Gystf{sf] tfTko{nfO{ lj?4 dg;fon] x]g]{5 To;nfO{ s]xL klg clek|fo ljlbt
x'g]5}g, lsgeg] jfSofy{af]wdf rf/ sf/0f x'G5g\— cfsf+Iff, of]Uotf, cf;lQ / tfTko{ . ha oL rf/}
s'/fx¿df Wofg lbP/, h'g dg'ion] u|GynfO{ x]b{5, ta g} To;nfO{ u|Gysf] clek|fo oyfof]Uo ljlbt
x'g]5—
…cfsf+IffÚ s'g} ljifodfly jQmfsf] / jfSo:y kbx¿sf] cfsf+Iff k/:k/ x'g] ub{5 .
…of]UotfÚ To;nfO{ elgG5 ls h;af6 h] x'g ;Sb5, h:t} hnn] l;~rg' .
…cf;lQÚ h'g kbsf] ;fy h;sf] ;DaGw x'G5, To;}sf] ;dLk To; kbnfO{ af]Ng' jf n]Vg' .
…tfTko{Ú h;sf] nflu jQmfn] zAbf]Rrf/0f jf n]v u/]sf] x'G5, To;sf] ;fy To; jrg jf
n]vnfO{ o'Qm ug'{ .
y'k|} x7L–b'/fu|xL dg'io x'G5g\ ls h;n] jQmfsf] clek|fo eGbf lj?4 sNkgf ub{5g\, ljz]if
u/]/ dtjfbLx¿ . lsgeg] dtsf] cfu|xn] pgsf] a'l4 cGwsf/df km;]/ gi6 x'g hfG5 . o;}n] h;/L
d}n] k'/f0f, h}gLx¿sf u|Gy, afOan / s'/fgnfO{ k|yd g} ljsf/b[li6n] gx]/]/ tL leqaf6 u'0fx¿sf]
u|x0f / bf]ifx¿sf] Tofu tyf cGo dg'io hfltsf] pÌltsf] nflu k|oTg ub{5', To:t} ;a}n] ug{ of]Uo
5.
oL dtx¿sf] yf]/}–yf]/} dfq bf]if k|sflzt ul/Psf] 5, h;nfO{ b]v]/ dg'iox¿n] ;Tof˜;To
dtsf] lg0f{o ug{ ;Sg]5g\ / ;Tosf] u|x0f / c;Tosf] Tofu ug{ u/fpgdf ;dy{ aÌ]5g\, lsgeg] Ps
dg'io hfltdf axsfP/, lj?4 a'l4 u/fP/, Ps–csf{nfO{ zq' agfP/, n8fP/ dfg{ ljåfg\x¿sf]
:jefjb]lv alxM xf] .
oBlk o; u|GynfO{ b]v]/ cljåfg\x¿n] cGoyf ljrfg]{5g\, tyflk a'l4dfgLx¿n] oyfof]Uo
o;sf] clek|fonfO{ a'‰g]5g\, o;}n] d}n] cfˆgf] kl/>dnfO{ ;kmn ;De]msf] 5' / cfˆgf] clek|fo ;a}
;Hhgx¿sf ;fd'Ì] /fv]sf] 5' . o;nfO{ b]v]/–b]vfP/ d]/f] kl/>dnfO{ ;kmn ug'{xf];\ . / o;} k|sf/n]
kIfkft gul/sg ;Tofy{sf] k|sfz ug{df d jf ;a} dxfzox¿sf] d'Vo st{Jo sd{ xf] .
;jf{Tdf ;jf{Gtof{dL ;lRrbfgGb k/dfTdf cfˆgf] s[kfn] o; cfzonfO{ lj:t[t / lr/:yfoL
u¿g\ .
.. cndltlj:t/]0f a'l4då/lz/f]dl0fif' ..
.. Olt e"ldsf ..
:yfgM dxf/f0ffhLsf] pbok'/
efb|kb, z'SnkIf ljqmd ;+jt\ !(#(
—-:jfdL_ bofgGb ;/:jtL

 cf]#d\
;Tofy{k|sfz
-!_ klxnf] ;d'Nnf;
O{Zj/sf gfdx¿sf] JofVof -!=!_
Aae3m! , zNnae? im/Ç> z< vé?[/> zNnae? -vTvyR/ma , zNn/=#NÔae/ b&h/Spit/> z/N/na/e iv:[?uéé³/m>,

nmae/ äü?[e/ nm?Ste vayae/ Tvme/v à/Ty]</ äüa?is , Tvame/v à/Ty]</ äü? vid:yaim \/t</ v?id:yaim/ sTy<

v?id:yaim , tNmam?vtu/ tÖ/Ktar?mvtu , Av?tu/ mam! . Av?tu/ v/Ktar?m! ,

Aae3m! zaiNt/ZzaiNt/ZzaiNt?> .1.

—t}lQ/Lo cf/0os -k|kf7s &÷cg'jfs !_ ..
cy{— -cf]#d\_ h'g of] cf]+sf/ zAb 5 Tof] k/d]Zj/sf] ;jf]{Qd gfd xf], lsgeg] o;df h'g c,
p / d\ tLg cIf/ 5g\ tL ldn]/ Ps …cf]#d\Ú ;d'bfo ag]sf] 5 . o; Ps gfdaf6 k/d]Zj/sf] y'k|}
gfd cfpF5, h:t}– csf/af6 lj/f6\, clUg / ljZjflb . psf/af6 lx/0oue{, jfo' / t}h;flb .
dsf/af6 O{Zj/, cflbTo / k|1flb gfdx¿sf] jfrs / u|fxs xf] . p;nfO{ o;/L g} j]bflb
;Tozf:qdf :ki6;Fu JofVofg u/]sf] 5 ls hxfF k|s/0ffg's"n oL ;a} gfd k/d]Zj/sf g} x'g\ .
k|Zg— k/d]Zj/b]lv leÌ cy{x¿sf] jfrs lj/f6\ cflb lsg xf]Og < a|Xdf08, k[lyJoflb e"t,
dg'io, ljåfg\ / j}Bszf:qdf ;'7f] cflb cf}iflwx¿sf] klg oxL gfd n]lvPsf] 5 .
pQ/— 5g\, k/Gt' k/dfTdfsf klg x'g\ .
k|Zg— s]jn b]jtfx¿sf] u|x0f oL gfdaf6 ub{5f} ls ub}{gf} <
pQ/— tkfO{n] u|x0f ugf{df s] k|df0f 5 <
k|Zg— b]j ;a} k|l;4 / ltgLx¿ pQd klg 5g\, To;}n] d ltgLx¿sf] u|x0f ub{5' .
pQ/—s] k/d]Zj/ ck|l;4 / p;eGbf sf]xL pQd klg 5g\ < k'gM oL gfdx¿ k/d]Zj/sf] klg
lsg dfGb}gf} < ha k/d]Zj/ ck|l;4 / p;sf] t'No sf]xL 5}g eg] p;eGbf pQd c¿ sf]xL s;/L
x'g;Sb5 / < o;af6 tkfO{+n] eg]sf] of] s'/f] ;To x'Fb}g . lsgls tkfO{+n] olt eGb}df y'k|} bf]ifx¿
klg cfpF5g\, h:t}— …pkl:yt+kl/ToHof˜g'kl:yt+ ofrt Olt aflwtGofoMÚ s;}n] s;}sf] nflu
ef]hgsf] kbfy{ /fv]/ eGof] ls tkfO{+n] ef]hg ug'{xf];\ / p;n] To;nfO{ 5f]8]/ ck|fKt ef]hgsf] nflu
hxfF txL+ e|d0f ub{5 eg] Tof] t a'l4dfgL 7xl/+b}g . lsgeg] Tof] pkl:yt gfd ;dLk k|fKt ePsf]
kbfy{nfO{ 5f]8]/ cg'kl:yt cyf{t\ ck|fKt kbfy{sf] nflu >d ub{5 . o;af6 Tof] a'l4dfg\ xf]Og o:t}
tkfO{+sf] syg eof] . lsgls tkfO{+ tL lj/f6\ cflb gfdx¿sf h'g k|l;4 k|df0fl;4 k/d]Zj/ /
a|Xdf08flb pkl:yt cy{x¿sf] kl/Tofu u/]/ c;Dej / cg'kl:yt b]jflbsf] u|x0fdf >d ug'{x'G5,
o;df s'g} klg k|df0f / o'lQm 5}g . olb tkfO{+n] o:tf] eÌ vf]Hg'eof] eg] hxfF h;sf] k|s/0f 5,
ToxfF p;}sf] u|x0f ug'{ of]Uo x'G5, h:tf] s;}n] s;};Fu eGof] ls …x] e[To Û Tj+ ;}GwjdfgoÚ cyf{t\
t}+n] ;}Gwj lnP/ cfOh . ta To;n] ;do cyf{t\ k|s/0fnfO{ ljrf/ ug'{ cfjZos 5, lsgeg] ;}Gwj
gfd b'O{ kbfy{sf] x'G5, Pp6f 3f]8f / csf]{ nj0fsf] . olb udgsf] ;do 5 eg] t 3f]8f / ef]hgsf]
sfn eP t nj0fnfO{ Nofpg plrt x'G5 . olb udg;dodf nj0f / ef]hg;dodf 3f]8f nUof] eg]
t To;sf] :jfdL To;dfly q'm4 eP/ eÌ]5 ls ætF lga'{l4 k'?if xf];\ . udg;dodf nj0f /
ef]hgsfndf 3f]8f Nofpgsf] s] k|of]hg lyof] < tF k|s/0fljt\ 5}g;\, gqeg] h'g ;dodf h;nfO{
Nofpg'kg]{ lyof] To;}nfO{ NofpFly;\ . h'g t}+n] k|s/0f–ljrf/ ug'{ cfjZos lyof] Tof] t}+n] ul/g;\,
o;}n] tF d"v{ xf];\, dnfO{ 5f]8]/ hf .Æ o;af6 s] l;4 x'G5 eg] hxfF h;sf] k|s/0f ug{ plrt x'G5
ToxfF To;} cy{sf] u|x0f ug{ plrt x'G5 . o;/L g} xfdL / tkfO{+x¿n] dfÌ' / ug'{ klg kb{5 .
mNÇhêkae AwR -!=@_
Aae< oMäü? .1. —oh'j]{b -cWofo $)÷dGq !&_ ..
x]g'{xf];\ j]bx¿df o:tf–o:tf k|s/0fx¿df …cf]d\Ú cflb k/d]Zj/sf gfd 5g\ .
 AaeimTyetd]rmud!gIwmupasIt .2. —5fGbf]Uo pklgifb\ -cWofo !÷v08 !÷dGq !_ ..
AaeimTyetd]rimdœsvR< tSyaepVyaOyanm! .3. —df08"So pklgifb\ -!÷!_ ..
sveR veda yTpdmamniNt tpa<is svaRi[ c yÖdiNt ,

yidCDNtae äücYyR< criNt tÄe pd< s<¢he[ ävIMyaeimTyett! .4.

—s7f]klgifb\ -jNnL @÷dGq !%_ ..
àzaistar< sveR;am[Iya<sm[aerip , éKma-< SvPnxIgMy< iv*aÄ< pué;< prm! .5.

@tmiGn< vdNTyeke mnumNye àjapitm! , #NÔmeke pre àa[mpre äü zaZvtm! .6.

—dg':d[lt -cWofo !@÷Znf]s !@@–!@#_ ..
s äüa s iv:[u> s éÔSs izvSsae=]rSs prm> Svraq! ,

s #NÔSs kalaiGnSs cNÔma> .7. —s}jNo pklgifb\ -v08 !÷dGq *_ ..

#NÔ<? im/Ç< vé?[m/iGnma?hu/rwae? id/Vy> s su?p/[aeR g/éTma?n! ,

@k</ siÖàa? bhu/xa/ v?dNTy/iGn< y/m< ma?tirZva?nmahu> .8.

—CUj]b -d08n !÷;"Qm !^$÷dGq $^_ ..
su/p/[R< ivàa?> k/vyae/ vcae?i-/rek</ sNT<a? bhuxa k?LpyiNt .9.
—CUj]b -d08n !)÷;"Qm !!$÷dGq %_ ..
-Ur?is/ -Uim?r/Syid?itris iv/Zvxa?ya/ ivZv?Sy/ -uv?nSy x/ÇIR ,

p&/iw/vI< y?CD p&/iw/vI< d&?‡h p&iw/vI< ma ih?‡sI> puézÃgt! .10.

—oh'j]{b -cWofo !#÷dGq !*_ ..
! @ # ! @/ # @# @ # ! @
#NÔae mûa raedsI pàwCDv #NÔ> sUYyRmraecyt! ,
! @ # @ # !@ # !@ # @ # ! @
#NÔe h ivZva -uvnain yeimr #NÔe Svanas #Ndv> .11.
—;fdj]b -p=_÷cWofo !^÷-k|kf7s &÷lqs *÷dGq @_, -dGq !%**_ ..
àa/[ay/ nmae/ ySy/ sVRa?im/d< vze? ,

yae -U/t> sVRa?SyeZv/rae yiSm/NTsvR</ àit?i:Qtm! .12.

—cyj{j]b -sf08 !!÷;"Qm $÷dGq !_ ..
cy{— oxfF oL k|df0fx¿nfO{ n]Vgsf] tfTkøo{ oxL xf] ls h'g o:t}–o:t} k|s/0fx¿df cf]Íf/flb
gfdx¿af6 k/dfTdfsf] u|x0f x'G5 n]v]/ cfPsf] 5' . tyf k/d]Zj/sf] s'g} klg gfd cgy{s 5}g,
h;/L nf]sdf bl/b|L cflbsf] wgklt gfd x'G5g\ . o;af6 oxL l;4 x'G5 ls sxL+ uf}l0fs, sxL+
sfld{s / sxL+ :jfefljs cy{sf] jfrs xf] .
…cf]d\Ú cflb gfd ;fy{s x'g\ . h:t}— -cf]+ v+ _ …cjtLTof]d\, cfsfzldj JofksTjft\ vd\,
)

;j]{Eof] a[xTjfb\ a|XdÚ /Iff ugf{n] …cf]d\,Ú cfsfzjt\ Jofks x'gfn] …vd\Ú, ;a}eGbf ljzfn -7"nf]_
x'gfn] O{Zj/sf] gfd …a|XdÚ xf] ..!..
-cf]ldTo]t=_ …cf]#d\Ú h;sf] gfd 5 / hf] slxNo} klg gi6 x'Fb}g, p;}sf] pkf;gf ug{of]Uo 5,
cGosf] xf]Og ..@..
-cf]ldTo]t=_ ;a} j]bflb zf:qx¿df k/d]Zj/sf] k|wfg / lgh gfd …cf]#d\Ú nfO{ eg]sf] 5, cGo
;a} uf}l0fs gfd x'g\ ..#..
-;j]{ j]bf=_ lsgeg] ;a} j]b ;a} wdf{g'i7fg¿k tkZr/0f h;sf] syg / dfGo ub}{ / h;sf]
k|flKtsf] OR5f ub}{ a|Xdrøof{>d ub{5g\ p;s} gfd …cf]#d\Ú xf] ..$..
 -k|zfl;tf=_ h;n] ;a}nfO{ lzIff lbg] ;"IdeGbf klg ;"Id, :jk|sfz:j¿k, ;dflw:y a'l4n]
hfÌof]Uo 5, p;}nfO{ k/dk'?if hfÌ'kb{5 ..%..

/ :jk|sfz x'gfn] …clUgÚ, lj1fg:j¿k x'gfn] …dg'Ú / ;a}sf] kfng ugf{n] …k|hfkltÚ
k/d}Zjøo{tfjfnf x'gfn] …OGb|Ú, ;a}sf hLjgd"n x'gfn] …k|f0fÚ / lg/Gt/ Jofks x'gfn] k/d]Zj/sf] gfd
…a|XdÚ xf] ..^..
-; a|Xdf ; lji0f'=_ ;a} hut\nfO{ agfpgfn] …a|XdfÚ, ;j{q Jofks x'gfn] lji0f', b'i6nfO{ b08
lbP/ ?jfpgfn] …?b|Ú, dËndo / ;a}sf sNof0fstf{ x'gfn] …lzjÚ, …oM ;j{dZg't] g If/lt g ljgZolt
tbIf/d\Ú . ! . …oM :jo+ /fht] ; :j/f6\Ú . @ . …of]˜lUgl/j sfnM snlotf k|nostf{ ;
sfnflUg/LZj/MÚ . # . -cIf/_ hf] ;j{q JofKt / cljgfzL, -:j/f6\_ :jo+ k|sfz:j¿k / -sfnflUg_
k|nodf ;a}sf sfn / sfnsf klg sfn x'g\, o;}n] k/d]Zj/sf] gfd …sfnflUgÚ eof] ..&..
-OGb|+ ldq+=_ h'g Ps, clåtLo, ;To a|Xd j:t' 5, p;}sf] OGb|, ldq, j?0f, clUg, ;'k0f{,
dftl/Zjf cflb ;a} gfd x'g\ . …B'if' z'4]if' kbfy]{if' ejf] lbJoMÚ, …zf]egflg k0ff{lg kfngflg k"0ff{lg
sdf{l0f jf o:o ;M ;'k0f{M, of] u'jf{Tdf ; u?Tdfg\ of] dftl/Zjf jfo'l/j anjfg\ ; dftl/ZjfÚ .
-lbJo_ h'g k|s[Toflb lbJo kbfy{x¿df JofKt, -;'k0f{_ h;sf] pQd kfng / k"0f{ sd{ 5g\, -u?Tdfg\_
h;sf] cfTdf cyf{t\ :j¿k dxfg\ 5, -dftl/Zjf_ hf] jfo'sf] ;dfg cgGt anjfg\ 5, o;}n]
k/dfTdfsf] …lbJoÚ, …;'k0f{, u?Tdfg\Ú / …dftl/ZjfÚ oL gfd x'g\ . cyf{t\ >]i7 kfngstf{ clåtLo ;t\
¿kdf /x]sf] Pp6} k/d]Zj/sf ljleÌ u'0fx¿ / ¿ksf] ;DaGwdf ljåfg\x¿n] ljleÌ b[li6sf]0faf6
JofVof ub{5g\ . z]if gfdx¿sf] cy{ cufl8 n]Vg]5f}+ ..*–(..
-e"ld/l;=_ …ejlGt e"tflg o:of+ ;f e"ldMÚ h;df ;a} e"t k|f0fL x'G5g\, o;}n] O{Zj/sf] gfd
…e"ldÚ xf] . z]if gfdx¿sf] cy{ cufl8 n]Vg]5' ..!)..
-OGb|f] dÂjf=_ o;df …OGb|Ú k/d]Zj/sf] g} gfd xf], o;}n] of] k|df0f n]lvPsf] 5 ..!!..
-k|f0ffo=_ h;/L k|f0fsf] jzdf ;a} z/L/ / OlGb|ox¿ x'G5g\, To;/L g} k/d]Zj/sf] jzdf ;a}
hut\ /xG5 ..!@..
OToflb k|df0fx¿sf] cy{nfO{ 7Ls–7Ls hfÌfn] oL gfdx¿af6 k/d]Zj/sf] g} u|x0f x'G5,
lsgeg] …cf]#d\Ú / …cUGoflbÚ gfdx¿sf] d'Vo cy{n] k/d]Zj/sf] g} u|x0f x'G5 . h:tf] ls Jofs/0f,
lg?Qm, a|fXd0f ;"qflb Clif–d'lgx¿sf JofVofgaf6 k/d]Zj/sf] u|x0f b]lvgdf cfpF5 To;}nfO{ u|x0f
ug'{ ;a}sf] of]Uo 5, k/Gt' …cf]#d\Ú of] t s]jn k/dfTdfsf] g} gfd xf] / clUg cflb gfdx¿af6
k/d]Zj/sf] u|x0fdf k|s/0f / ljz]if0f lgodsf/s 5g\ . o;af6 s] l;4 x'G5 eg] hxfF–hxfF :t'lt,
k|fy{gf, pkf;gf, ;j{1, Jofks, z'4, ;gftg, ;[li6stf{ cflb ljz]if0f n]lvPsf 5g\ ToxL+–ToxL+ log}
gfdaf6 k/d]Zj/sf] u|x0f x'G5 / hxfF–hxfF o:tf k|s/0fx¿ 5g\ ls—
ttae? iv/raf?jayt iv/rajae/ Aix/ pUé?;> . —oh'j]{b -cWofo #!÷dGq %_ ..
ïaeÇa?Öa/yuí? àa/[í/ muoa?d/iGnr?jayt . —oh'j]{b -cWofo #!÷dGq !@_ ..
ten? de/va A?yjNt . —oh'j]{b -cWofo #!÷dGq (_ ..
p/íad!-Uimm/wae? pu/r> . —oh'j]{b -cWofo #!÷dGq %_ ..
t:dfåf Pt:dfbfTdg cfsfzM ;De"tM . cfsfzfåfo'M . jfof]/lUgM . cUg]/fkM .
cb\EoM k[lyjL . k[lyJof cf]ifwoM . cf]iflwEof]˜Ìd\ . cÌfb|]tM . /]t;M k'?ifM .
; jf Pif k'?iff]˜Ì/;doM .. —of] t}lQ/Lof]klgifb\ -jNnL @÷cg'jfs !_ sf] jrg xf] ..
o:tf] k|s/0fx¿df lj/f6\, k'?if, b]j, cfsfz, jfo', clUg, hn, e"ld cflb gfd nf}lss
kbfy{x¿sf x'G5g\ . lsgeg] hxfF–hxfF pTklQ, l:ylt, k|no, cNk1, h8, b[Zo cflb ljz]if0f n]lvPsf]
eP klg ToxfF–ToxfF k/d]Zj/sf] u|x0f x'Fb}g . Tof] pTklQ cflb Jojxf/b]lv k[ys\ 5 / pk/f]Qm
dGqx¿df pTklQ cflb Jojxf/ 5g\ . To;}n] oxfF lj/f6\ cflb gfdx¿af6 k/dfTdfsf] u|x0f geP/
;+;f/L kbfy{x¿sf] u|x0f x'G5 . lsGt' hxfF–hxfF ;j{1flb ljz]if0f xf];\, ToxfF–ToxfF k/dfTdf / hxfF–
hxfF OR5f, å]if, k|oTg, ;'v, b'Mv / cNk1flb ljz]if0f 5 eg], ToxfF–ToxfF hLjsf] u|x0f x'G5 . o:tf]
;j{q ;lDemg'kb{5 . lsgeg] k/d]Zj/sf] hGd–d/0f slxNo} klg x'Fb}g . o;af6 lj/f6\ cflb gfd /
hGdflb ljz]if0fx¿b]lv hut\sf] h8 / hLjflb kbfy{x¿sf] u|x0f ug'{ plrt x'G5, k/d]Zj/sf]
xf]Og . ca h'g k|sf/n] lj/f6\ cflb gfdaf6 k/d]Zj/sf] u|x0f x'G5, To;nfO{ o; k|sf/;Fu tn
n]lvPsf] k|df0fx¿ hfg .
cf]Íf/sf] cy{ -!=#_
…ljÚ pk;u{k"j{s -/fh[ bLKtf}_ o; wft'af6 lSjk\ k|Too ugf{n] lj/f6\ zAb l;4 x'G5 . …of]
ljljw+ gfd r/f˜r/+ hub|fholt k|sfzolt ; lj/f6\Ú ljljw cyf{t\ h;n] ax' k|sf/sf] hut\nfO{
k|sflzt ub{5, o;af6 …lj/f6\Ú gfdn] k/d]Zj/sf] u|x0f x'G5 .
-c~r' ultk"hgof]M_ -cu\, clu, O0f\ uToy{s_ wft' x'g\, logaf6 …clUgÚ zAb l;4 x'G5 .
…ut]:qof]˜yf{M— 1fg+ udg+ k|flKtZr]lt, k"hg+ gfd ;Tsf/MÚ . …of]˜~rlt, cRot]˜uToËtLlt jf
;f]˜odlUgMÚ hf] 1fg:j¿k, ;j{1, hfÌ], k|flKt x'g] / k"hf ug{ of]Uo 5, o;af6 k/d]Zj/sf] gfd
…clUgÚ xf] .
-ljz k|j]zg]_ o; wft'af6 …ljZjÚ zAb l;4 x'G5 . …ljzlGt k|lji6flg ;jf{0ofsfzfbLlg
e"tflg ol:dg\ of] jf˜˜sfzflbif' ;j]{if' e"t]if' k|lji6M ; ljZj O{Zj/MÚ h;df cfsfzflb ;a} e"t k|j]z
ul//x]sf 5g\ cyjf hf] logdf JofKt eP/ k|lji6 e}/x]5, o;}n] p; k/d]Zj/sf] gfd …ljZjÚ xf] .
OToflb gfdx¿sf] u|x0f csf/dfqfn] x'G5 .
…Hof]ltj}{ lx/0o+ t]hf] j} lx/0od\ .Ú —OTo}t/]oztkya|fXd0f] ..
…of] lx/0ofgf+ ;"of{bLgf+ t]h;f+ ue{ pTklQlgldQdlws/0f+ ; lx/0oue{MÚ h;df ;"of{lb t]h
ePsf nf]s pTkÌ eP/ h;sf] cfwf/n] /xG5g\ cyjf hf] ;"of{lb t]hM :j¿k kbfy{x¿sf] ue{ gfd,
pTklQ / lgjf;:yfg xf], o;af6 p; k/d]Zj/sf] gfd …lx/0oue{Ú xf] . o;df oh'j]{bsf] dGqsf]
k|df0f—
ih/r/{y/g/-R> sm?vÄR/ta¢e? -U/tSy? ja/t> pit/rek? AasIt! ,

s da?xar p&iw/vI< *amu/tema< kSmE? de/vay? h/iv;a? ivxem . —oh'j]{b -cWofo !#÷dGq $_ ..
OToflb :ynx¿df …lx/0oue{Ú af6 k/d]Zj/sf] g} u|x0f x'G5 .
-Jff ultuGwgof]M_ o; wft'af6 …jfo'Ú zAb l;4 x'G5 . -uGwg+ lx+;gd\_ …of] jflt
r/f˜r/~hu4/lt alngf+ alni7M ; jfo'MÚ h;n] r/f˜r/ hut\sf] wf/0f, hLjg / k|no ub{5 / ;a}
anjfg\x¿ eGbf anjfg\ 5, o;}n] O{Zj/sf] gfd …jfo'Ú eof] .
-lth lgzfg]_ o; wft'af6 …t]hMÚ / o;nfO{ tl4t ugf{n] …t}h;Ú zAb l;4 x'G5 . hf] :jo+
cfk"m k|sfz / ;"of{lb t]h:jL nf]sx¿nfO{ k|sfz ub{5 o;}n] O{Zj/sf] gfd …t}h;Ú eof] . OToflb
gfdfy{ psf/af6 u|x0f x'G5g\ .
-O{z P]Zjo]{_ o; wft'af6 …O{Zj/Ú zAb l;4 x'G5 . …o O{i6] ;j}{Zjo{jfg\ jQ{t] ; O{Zj/MÚ h;sf]
;To, ljrf/zLn, 1fg / cgGt P]Zjo{ 5, o;}n] p; k/dfTdfsf] gfd …O{Zj/Ú eof] .
-bf] cjv08g]_Ö…cjv08g+ gfd ljgfzMÚ o; wft'af6 …clbltÚ / o;nfO{ tl4t ugf{n]
…cflbToÚ zAb l;4 x'G5 . …g ljBt] ljgfzf] o:o ;f]˜odlbltM, clblt/]j cflbToMÚ h;sf] ljgfz
slxNo} x'Fb}g ToxL …cflbToÚ ;+1f O{Zj/sf] xf] .
-1f cjaf]wg]_ …k|Ú k"j{s o; wft'af6 …k|1Ú / o;nfO{ tl4t ugf{n] …k|f1Ú zAb l;4 x'G5 . …oM
k|s[i6tof r/f˜r/:o hutf] Jojxf/+ hfgflt ; k|1M k|1 Pj k|f1MÚ hf] lge|f{Gt 1fgo'Qm ;a} r/f˜r/
hut\sf] Jojxf/nfO{ oyfjt hfGb5 o;}n] …k|f1Ú O{Zj/sf] gfd eof] . OToflb gfdfy{ dsf/af6 u[xLt
x'G5g\ . h;/L Ps–Ps dfqfaf6 tLg–tLg cy{ oxfF JofVoft ul/Psf] 5 To;/L g} cGo gfdfy{ klg
cf]Íf/af6 hfÌ ;lsG5 .
h'g -zÌf] ldqM z+ j?0fM_ o; dGqdf ldqflb gfd 5g\ tL klg k/d]Zj/sf] gfd x'g\, lsgeg]
:t'lt, k|fy{gf, pkf;gf >]i7s} g} ul/G5 . >]i7 To;nfO{ eGb5g\ hf] cfˆgf] u'0f, sd{, :jefj / ;To–
;To Jojxf/x¿df ;a}eGbf clws xf];\ . tL ;a}df klg h'g cToGt >]i7 5 To;}nfO{ k/d]Zj/
eGb5g\ . h;sf] t'No g sf]xL eP, g sf]xL 5g\ / g sf]xL x'g]5g\ . ha t'No g} 5}gg\ eg] clwst/
x'g] t s'/} ePg < h:t} k/d]Zj/sf] ;To, Gofo, bof, ;j{;fdYo{ / ;j{1Tjflb cgGt u'0f 5g\, o:tf]
cGo s'g} h8 jf hLj kbfy{sf] 5}gg\ . h'g kbfy{ ;To xf], To;sf] u'0f, sd{, :jefj klg ;To g}
x'G5 . To;}n] ;a} dg'iosf] of]Uo 5 ls k/d]Zj/sf] g} :t'lt, k|fy{gf / pkf;gf u/, o;b]lv leÌsf]
sbflk gu/ . lsgeg] a|Xdf, lji0f', dxfb]j k"j{h dxfzo ljåfg\, b}To–bfgjflb lgs[i6 dg'io / cGo
;fwf/0f dg'iox¿n] klg k/d]Zj/df g} ljZjf; u/]/, p;}sf] :t'lt, k|fy{gf / pkf;gf u/], p;b]lv
leÌsf]nfO{ xf]Og . o:tf] xfdL ;a}n] ug{ of]Uo 5 . o;sf] ljz]if ljrf/ pkf;gf / d'lQmsf] ljifodf
ul/g] 5 .
k|Zg— ldqflb gfdx¿n] ;vf / OGb|flb b]jx¿sf] k|l;4 Jojxf/ b]Vgfn] pg}sf] u|x0f
ug'{kb{5 .
pQ/— oxfF pgLx¿sf] u|x0f ug'{ of]Uo 5}g, lsgeg] hf] dg'io s;}sf] ldq x'G5, jxL cGosf]
zq' / s;}b]lv pbf;Lg klg b]lvgdf cfpF5 . o;af6 d'Vofy{df ;vf cflbsf] u|x0f x'g ;Sb}g, lsGt'
h;/L k/d]Zj/ ;a} hut\sf] lglZrt ldq, g s;}sf] zq' g s;}sf] pbf;Lg xf], o;b]lv leÌ sf]xL
klg hLj o; k|sf/sf] slxNo} klg x'g ;Sb}g . To;}n] k/dfTdfs} u|x0f oxfF x'G5 . xf], uf}+0f cy{df
ldqflb zAbaf6 ;'Åbflb dg'iosf] u|x0f x'G5 .
-l`ldbf :g]xg]_ …c:dfb wftf]/f}0fflbsM SqM k|TooM .Ú o; wft'af6 cf}0fflbs …SqÚ k|Toosf]
x'gfn] …ldqÚ zAb l;4 x'G5 . …d]bt] ldBt], l:gXolt l:gXot] jf ; ldqMÚ hf] ;a};Fu :g]x ub{5 /
;a}n] k|Llt ug{ of]Uo 5, Tof] k/d]Zj/ ;a}sf] ;fFRrf] …ldqÚ xf], o;}n] k/d]Zj/sf] gfd …ldqÚ xf] .
-j[`\ j/0f], j/ O{K;fofd\_ oL wft'x¿af6 p0fflb …pgg\Ú k|Too x'gfn] …j?0fÚ zAb l;4 x'G5 .
…oM ;jf{g\ lzi6fg\ d'd'If"Gwdf{Tdgf] j[0ff]Toyjf oM lzi6}d'{d'If'lew{df{Tdlelj|{ot] jøo{t] jf ; j?0fM
k/d]Zj/MÚ hf] cfKtof]uL, ljåfg\, d'Qmsf] OR5f ug]{jfnf d'Qm / wdf{Tdfx¿sf] :jLsf/stf{, cyjf hf]
lzi6, d'd'If', d'Qm / wdf{Tdfx¿b]lv u|x0f ul/G5 Tof] …j?0fÚ gfdo'Qm O{Zj/ xf] . cyjf …j?0ff] gfd
j/M >]i7MÚ h;sf] nflu ;a} >]i7 5, o;}n] …j?0fÚ k/d]Zj/sf] gfd xf] .
-C ultk|fk0fof]M_ o; wft'af6 …ot\Ú k|Too ugf{n] …cøo{Ú zAb l;4 x'G5 / …cøo{Ú k"j{s -dfª\
dfg]_ o; wft'af6 …slgg\Ú k|Too x'gfn] …cøo{dfÚ zAb l;4 x'G5 . …of]˜øof{g :jfldgf] GofofwLzfg\
lddLt] dfGofg\ s/f]lt ;f]˜o{dfÚ h;n] ;To Gofo u/fpg] dg'iosf dfGo / kfk tyf k'0o ug]{x¿sf]
kfk / k'0osf] kmnsf] oyfjt\ ;To–;To lgodstf{ x'g\, To;}n] p; k/d]Zj/sf] gfd …co{dfÚ eof] .
-Olb k/d}Zjo]{_ o; wft'af6 …/g\Ú k|Too ugf{n] …OGb|Ú zAb l;4 x'G5 . …o OGblt k/d}Zjo{jfg\
ejlt ; OGb|M k/d]Zj/MÚ hf] clvn P]Zjo{o'Qm 5, To;}n] k/dfTdfsf] gfd …OGb|Ú xf] .
…a[xt\Ú zAbk"j{s -kf /If0f]_ o; wft'af6 …8ltÚ k|Too, a[xt\sf] tsf/sf] nf]k / ;'8fud x'gfn]
…a[x:kltÚ zAb l;4 x'G5 . …of] a[xtfdfsfzfbLgf+ kltM :jfdL kfnlotf ; a[x:kltMÚ hf] 7"nf]b]lv klg
7"nf] / ljzfn cfsfzflb a|Xdf08x¿sf] :jfdL xf], o;}af6 k/d]Zj/sf] gfd …a[x:kltÚ eof] .
-ljin[ JofKtf}_ o; wft'af6 …g'Ú k|Too eP/ …lji0f'Ú zAb l;4 ePsf] 5 . …j]j]li6 JofKgf]lt
r/f˜r/+ hut\ ; lji0f'M k/dfTdfÚ r/ / cr/¿k hut\df Jofks x'gfn] k/dfTdfsf] gfd …lji0f'Ú
eof] .
…p?d{xfg\ qmdM k/fqmdf] o:o ; p?qmdMÚ cgGt k/fqmdo'Qm x'gfn] k/dfTdfsf] gfd …p?qmdÚ
xf] . hf] k/dfTdf -p?qmdM_ dxfk/fqmdo'Qm -ldqM_ ;a}sf] ;[Åt\ clj/f]wL xf], Tof] -zd\_ ;'vsf/s,
Tof] -j?0fM_ ;jf]{Qd -zd\_ ;'v:j¿k, Tof] -co{df_ -zd\_ ;'vk|rf/s, Tof] -OGb|M_ -zd\_ ;sn
P]Zjo{bfos, Tof] -a[x:kltM_ ;a}sf] clwi7ftf -zd\_ ljBfk|b / -lji0f'M_ hf] ;a}df Jofks k/d]Zj/ xf],
Tof] -gM_ xfd|f] sNof0fsf/s -ejt'_ xf];\ .
-jfof] t] a|Xd0f] gdf]˜:t'_ …a[x, a[lx j[4f}Ú oL wft'x¿af6 …a|XdÚ zAb l;4 ePsf] 5 . hf]
;a}sf dfly lj/fhdfg, ;a} eGbf 7"nf, cgGt–ano'Qm k/dfTdf x'g\, p; a|XdnfO{ xfdL gd:sf/
ub{5f}+ . x] k/d]Zj/ Û -Tjd]j k|ToIf+ a|Xdfl;_ tkfO{+ g} cGtof{dL¿kn] k|ToIf a|Xd x'g'x'G5 -Tjfd]j
k|ToIf+ a|Xd jlbiofld_ d}n] tkfO{+nfO{ g} k|ToIf a|Xd eÌ]5', lsgeg] tkfO{+ ;a} 7fpFdf JofKt eP/
;a}nfO{ lgTo g} k|fKt x'g'x'G5 -Ct+ jlbiofld_ hf] tkfO{+sf] j]b:y oyfy{ cf1f xf], To;}sf] d ;a}sf
nflu pkb]z / cfr/0f klg ug]{5' . -;To+ jlbiofld_ ;To af]n"F, ;To dfg"F / ;To g} ug]{5',
-tGdfdjt'_ ;f] tkfO{+n] d]/f] /Iff ug'{xf];\ -tåQmf/djt'_ ;f] tkfO{+n] d cfKt ;TojQmfsf] /Iff ug'{xf];\
ls h;af6 tkfO{+sf] cf1fdf d]/f] a'l4 l:y/ eP/, lj?4 slxNo} klg ghfcf];\ . lsgeg] h'g tkfO{+sf]
cf1f xf], ToxL wd{ / hf] To;b]lv lj?4, ToxL cwd{ xf] . -cjt' dfdjt' jQmf/d\_ of] bf];|f] k6s kf7
clwsfy{sf] nflu xf] . h;/L …slZrt\ sl~rt\ k|lt jblt Tj+ u|fd+ uR5 uR5Ú o;df b'O{ k6s
lqmofsf] pRrf/0fn] tF zL3| g} u|fddf hf o:tf] l;4 x'G5 . o;/L g} oxfF klg tkfO{+ d]/f] /Iff cyf{t \
wd{df ;'lglZrt / cwd{b]lv 3[0ff ;bf u¿F o:tf] s[kf ddfly ug'{xf];\, d}n] tkfO{+sf] 7"nf] pksf/
dfÌ]5' -cf]#d\ zflGtZzflGtZzflGtM_ o;df tLg k6s zflGtkf7sf] k|of]hg of] xf] ls lqljwtfk
cyf{t\ o; ;+;f/df tLg k|sf/sf b'Mv 5g\—
klxnf] …cfWoflTdsÚ h'g cfTdf, z/L/df cljBf, /fu, å]if, d"v{tf / Hj/ kL8flbaf6 x'G5 .
bf];|f] …cflwef}ltsÚ h'g zq', Jof3| / ;kf{lbaf6 k|fKt x'G5 .
t];|f] …cflwb}ljsÚ cyf{t\ h'g cltj[li6, cj[li6, cltzLt, clt pi0ftf, dg / OlGb|ox¿sf]
czflGtn] x'G5 .
oL tLg k|sf/sf Sn]zx¿b]lv tkfO{+n] xfdLnfO{ b"/ u/]/ sNof0fsf/s sd{df ;bf k|j[Q
/fVg'xf];\ . lsgeg] tkfO{+ g} sNof0f:j¿k, ;a ;+;f/sf] sNof0fstf{ / wfld{s d'd'If'x¿sf sNof0fsf
bftf x'g'x'G5 . o;}n] tkfO{+ :jo+ cfˆgf] s?0ffn] ;a} hLjx¿sf] Åbodf k|sflzt x'g'xf];\ ls h;af6
;a} hLj wd{sf] cfr/0f / cwd{nfO{ 5f]8]/ k/dfgGbnfO{ k|fKt xf]pmg\ / b'Mvb]lv k[ys\ /x"g\ .
…sUYYRa?=Aa/Tma jg?tSt/Swu;?ZcÚ o; oh'j]{b -!#÷$^_ sf] jrgaf6 h'g hut\ gfd k|f0fL,
r]tg / hËd cyf{t\ hf] rNb5g\–lkmb{5g\, …t:y'ifMÚ ck|f0fL cyf{t\ :yfj/ h8 cyf{t\ k[YjL cflb x'g\,
tL ;a}sf cfTdf x'gfn] :jk|sfz¿k ;a}sf] k|sfz ugf{n] k/d]Zj/sf] gfd …;"o{Ú eof] .
-ct ;ftToudg]_ o; wft'af6 …cfTdfÚ zAb l;4 ePsf] 5 . …of]˜tlt JofKgf]lt ; cfTdfÚ hf]
;a hLjflb hut\df lg/Gt/ Jofks e}/x]sf] 5 . …k/Zrf;fjfTdf r o cfTdEof] hLj]EoM ;"Id]EoM
k/f]˜lt;"IdM ; k/dfTdfÚ h'g ;a} hLjflbb]lv pTs[i6 / hLj, k|s[lt tyf cfsfz eGbf klg clt;"Id
/ ;a} hLjx¿sf] cGtof{dL cfTdf xf], o;}n] O{Zj/sf] gfd …k/dfTdfÚ xf] .
;fdYo{jfn]sf] gfd …O{Zj/Ú xf] . …o O{Zj/]if' ;dy]{if' k/dM >]i7M ; k/d]Zj/MÚ hf] O{Zj/x¿df
cyf{t\ ;dy{x¿df ;dy{, h;sf] t'No c¿ sf]xL klg 5}gg\, p;sf] gfd …k/d]Zj/Ú xf] .
-if'`\ cleifj], if"ª\ k|fl0fue{ljdf]rg]_ oL wft'x¿af6 …;ljtfÚ zAb l;4 x'G5 . …cleifjM
k|fl0fue{ljdf]rg+ rf]Tkfbgd\ . oZr/fr/+ hut\ ;'gf]lt ;"t] jf]Tkfbolt ; ;ljtf k/d]Zj/MÚ h;n] ;a}
hut\sf] pTklQ ub{5, To;}n] k/d]Zjsf] gfd …;ljtfÚ xf] .
-lbj' qmL8fljlhuLiffJojxf/B'lt:t'ltdf]bd:jKgsflGtultif'_ o; wft'af6 …b]jÚ zAb l;4 x'G5 .
-qmL8f_ hf] z'4 hut\nfO{ qmL8f u/fpg] -ljlhuLiff_ wfld{sx¿nfO{ lhtfpg] OR5fo'Qm -Jojxf/_
;a}nfO{ r]i6fsf] ;fwgf]k;fwgx¿sf] bftf -B'lt_ :jo+k|sfz:j¿k ;asf k|sfzs -:t'lt_ k|z+;fsf]
of]Uo -df]b_ cfk"m cfgGb:j¿k / c¿nfO{ cfgGb lbg]jfnf -db_ dbf]GdQx¿nfO{ tf8\g]jfnf -:jKg_
;a}sf] zogfy{ /flq / k|nonfO{ u/fpg]jfnf -sflGt_ sfdgfsf] of]Uo / -ult_ 1fg:j¿k x'g'x'G5,
o;}n] k/d]Zj/sf] gfd …b]jÚ xf] . cyjf …of] bLJolt qmL8lt ; b]jMÚ hf] cfˆgf] :j¿kn] cfk}m g} qmL8f
ub{5 cyjf s;}sf] ;xfosf] lagf qmL8fjt\ ;xh :jefjaf6 ;a hut\nfO{ agfpF5 jf ;a}
qmL8fx¿sf] cfwf/ xf] . …ljlhuLift] ; b]jMÚ hf] ;a}nfO{ lhTg]jfnf, :jo+ ch]o cyf{t\ h;nfO{ s;}n]
klg lhTg ;Sb}g . …Jojxf/olt ; b]jMÚ hf] Gofo / cGofo¿kL Jojxf/nfO{ hfÌ] / pkb]i6f .
…oZr/fr/+ hut\ Bf]toltÚ hf] ;asf k|sfzs . …oM :t'ot] ; b]jMÚ hf] ;a} dg'iox¿sf k|z+;fsf
of]Uo / lgGbfsf] of]Uo g xf] . …of] df]bolt ; b]jMÚ hf] :jo+ cfgGb:j¿k / c¿nfO{ cfgGb u/fpF5,
h;nfO{ b'Mvsf] n]z klg g xf] . …of] dfBolt ; b]jMÚ hf] ;bf xlif{t, zf]sb]lv /lxt / c¿nfO{ xlif{t
u/fpg]jfnf / b'Mvb]lv k[ys\ /fVg]jfnf . …oM :jfkolt ; b]jMÚ hf] k|nosf] ;do cJoQmdf ;a}
hLjx¿nfO{ ;'tfpF5 . …oM sfdot] sfDot] jf ; b]jMÚ h;sf] ;a} ;To sfd / h;sf] k|flKtsf]
sfdgf ;a} lzi6n] ub{5g\ . …of] uR5lt uDot] jf ; b]jMÚ hf] ;a}df k|fKt / hfÌof]Uo 5, o;}n]
k/d]Zj/sf] gfd …b]jÚ xf] .
-s'lj cfR5fbg]_ o; wft'af6 …s'a]/Ú zAb l;4 x'G5 . …o ;j+{ s'Dalt :jJofKTofR5fbolt ;
s'a]/f] hubLZj/MÚ hf] cfˆgf] JoflKtn] ;a}sf] cfR5fbg ub{5, o;}n] k/d]Zj/sf] gfd …s'a]/Ú xf] .
-k[y' lj:tf/]_ o; wft'af6 …k[lyjLÚ zAb l;4 x'G5 . …oM ky{lt ;j+{ hulj:t[0fflt t:dft\ ;
k[lyjLÚ hf] ;a lj:t[t hut\sf] lj:tf/ ug]{jfnf xf], o;}n] O{Zj/sf] gfd …k[YjLÚ eof] .
-hn 3ftg]_ o; wft'af6 …hnÚ zAb l;4 x'G5 . …hnlt 3ftolt b'i6fg\, ;‹ftolt—
cJoQmk/df0jfbLg\ tb\ a|Xd hnd\Ú hf] b'i6x¿sf] tf8g / cJoQm tyf k/df0f'x¿sf] cGof]˜Go ;+of]u
jf ljof]u ub{5, Tof] k/dfTdfnfO{ …hnÚ ;+1s eGb5g\ . …oåf oHhgolt nflt ;sn+ hut\ tb\a|Xd
hnd\Ú cyjf hf] ;a}sf hgs / ;a} ;'v lbg]jfnf x'g\, o;}n] klg k/dfTdfsf] gfd …hnÚ xf] .
 -sf˘f[ bLKtf}_ o; wft'af6 …cfsfzÚ zAb l;4 x'G5 . …oM ;j{tM ;j{+ hut\ k|sfzolt ;
cfsfzMÚ hf] ;a}lt/af6 ;a hut\sf] k|sfzs xf], o;}n] p; k/dfTdfsf] gfd …cfsfzÚ xf] .
-cb eIf0f]_ o; wft'af6 …cÌÚ zAb l;4 x'G5 .
cBt]˜lQ r e"tflg t:dfbÌ+ tb'Rot] .. —t}lQ/Lof] pklgifb\ -@÷@_ ..
cxdÌdxdÌdxdÌd\ . cxdÌfbf]˜xdÌfbf]˜xdÌfbM .. —t}lQ/Lof] pklgifb\ -#÷!)_ ..
cQf r/f˜r/u|x0fft\ .. —j]bfGt ;"q -!÷@÷(_ .. of] Jof;d'lgs[t zf/L/s ;"q xf] ..
hf] ;a}nfO{ leq /fVg, ;a}nfO{ u|x0f ug{of]Uo, r/fr/ hut\sf] u|x0f ug]{jfnf xf], o;af6
O{Zj/sf …cÌÚ …cÌfbÚ / …cQfÚ gfd x'g\, / h'g o;df tLg k6s kf7 5 Tof] cfb/sf] nflu xf] .
h;/L c~hL/sf] kmndf s[ld pTkÌ eP/ p;}df /xG5g\ / gi6 x'G5g\ To;/L g} k/d]Zj/sf] aLrdf
;a hut\sf] cj:yf 5 .
-j; lgjf;]_ o; wft'af6 …j;'Ú zAb l;4 ePsf] 5 . …j;lGt e"tflg ol:dÌyjf oM ;j]{if'
e"t]if' j;lt ; j;'/LZj/MÚ h;df ;a cfsfzflb e"t a:b5g\\ / hf] ;a}df jf; ul/x]sf] 5, o;}n] p;
k/d]Zj/sf] gfd …j;'Ú xf] .
-?lb/\ c>'ljdf]rg]_ ?b]l0f{nf]kZr o; l0fhGt wft'af6 …?b|Ú zAb l;4 x'G5 . …of]
/f]boToGofosfl/0ff] hgfg\ ; ?b|MÚ hf] b'i6 sd{ ug]{x¿nfO{ ?jfpF5, o;af6 k/d]Zj/sf] gfd …?b|Ú
eof] .
oGdg;f Wofolt tåfrf jblt oåfrf jblt tt\ sd{0ff s/f]lt ot\ sd{0ff s/f]lt
tble;DkBt] .. —-z=sf+= !$÷k|kf= ^÷a|f= @÷s+= &_ of] oh'j]{bsf] a|fXd0fsf] jrg xf] .
hLj h;sf] dgn] Wofg ub{5 p;nfO{ jf0fLn] af]Nb5, h;nfO{ jf0fLn] af]Nb5 To;nfO{ sd{n]
ub{5, h;nfO{ ub{5 p;}nfO{ k|fKt ub{5 . o;af6 s] l;4 x'G5 eg] h'g hLj h:tf] sd{ ub{5, To:t}
g} kmn kfpF5 . ha b'i6 sd{ ug]{jfnf, O{Zj/sf] Joj:yfn] b'Mv¿k kmn kfpF5 ta ?G5 / o;} k|sf/
O{Zj/n] ltgnfO{ ?jfpF5, To;}n] k/d]Zj/sf] gfd …?b|Ú eof] .
cfkf] gf/f Olt k|f]Qmf cfkf] j} g/;"gjM . tf ob:ofog+ k"j{+ t]g gf/fo0fM :d[tM ..
—dg':d[lt -cWofo !÷!) Znf]s_ ..
hn, k|f0f / hLjx¿sf] gfd klg gf/ xf], tL cog cyf{t\ lgjf;:yfg x'g\ h;sf, o;}n] ;a}
hLjx¿df Jofks k/dfTdfsf] gfd …gf/fo0fÚ xf] .
-rlb cfXnfb]_ o; wft'af6 …rGb|Ú zAb l;4 x'G5 . …oZrGblt rGbolt jf ; rGb|MÚ hf]
cfgGb:j¿k / ;a}nfO{ cfgGb lbg]jfnf xf], o;}n] O{Zj/sf] gfd …rGb|Ú eof] .
-dlu uToy{s_ wft'af6 …dË]/nr\Ú -p=;"= %÷&)_ o; ;"qaf6 …dËnÚ zAb l;4 x'G5 . …of]
dËlt dËolt jf ; dËnMÚ hf] :jo+ dËn:j¿k / hLjx¿sf] dËnsf] sf/0f xf], o;}n] p;
k/d]Zj/sf] gfd …dËnÚ eof] .
-a'w cjudg]_ o; wft'af6 …a'wÚ zAb l;4 x'G5 . …of] a'Wot] af]Wo]t jf ;M a'wMÚ hf] :jo+
af]w:j¿k / ;a} hLjx¿sf] af]wsf] sf/0f xf], o;}n] p; k/d]Zj/sf] gfd …a'wÚ xf] . …a[x:kltÚ zAbsf]
cy{ ul/;lsPsf] 5 .
-O{z'lr/\ k"tLefj]_ o; wft'af6 …z'qmÚ zAb l;4 eof] . …oM z'Rolt zf]rolt jf ; z'qmMÚ hf]
cToGt kljq / h;sf] ;Ën] hLj klg kljq x'G5, o;}n] O{Zj/sf] gfd …z'qmÚ eof] .
-r/ ulteIf0fof]M_ o; wft'af6 …zg};\Ú cJoo pkkb nufP/ …zg}Zr/Ú zAb l;4 eof] . …oM
zg}Zr/lt ; zg}Zr/MÚ hf] ;a}df ;xhn] k|fKt w}o{jfg\ xf], o;}n] p; k/d]Zj/sf] gfd …zg}Zr/Ú
eof] .
-/x Tofu]_ o; wft'af6 …/fx'Ú zAb l;4 x'G5 . …of] /xlt kl/Tohlt b'i6fg\ /fxolt Tofholt
; /fx'/LZj/MÚ hf] PsfGt:j¿k h;sf] :j¿kdf bf];|f] kbfy{sf] ;+o'Qm 5}g, hf] b'i6nfO{ 5f]8\g] /
cGonfO{ 5f]8fpg]jfnf xf], o;}n] k/d]Zj/sf] gfd …/fx'Ú xf] .
-lst lgjf;] /f]ufkgog] r_ o; wft'af6 …s]t'Ú zAb l;4 x'G5 . …olZrs]tlt lrlsT;lt jf ;
s]t'/LZj/MÚ hf] ;a hut\sf] lgjf;:yfg, ;a /f]ux¿b]lv /lxt d'd'If'x¿nfO{ d'lQm ;dodf ;a
/f]ub]lv 5'6fpFb5, o;}n] k/d]Zj/sf] gfd …s]tÚ' xf] .
-oh b]jk"hf;Ëlts/0fbfg]if'_ o; wft'af6 …o1Ú zAb l;4 x'G5 . …o1f] j} lji0f'MÚ— of]
a|fXd0fu|Gysf] jrg xf] [ztky a|fXd0f -!÷!÷@÷!#_Ù uf]ky a|fXd0f pQ/efu -k|kf=$÷s+=^_] . …of]
ohlt ljålb\el/Hot] jf ; o1MÚ h;n] ;a} hut\sf] kbfy{x¿nfO{ ;+o'Qm ub{5 / ;a} ljåfg\x¿sf]
k"Ho xf], / a|Xdfb]lv lnP/ ;a} Clif–d'lgx¿sf] k"Ho lyof], 5 / x'g]5, o;}n] k/dfTdfsf] gfd …o1Ú
xf], lsgeg] pm ;j{q Jofks 5 .
-x' bfgf˜bgof]M, cfbfg] r]To]s]_ o; wft'af6 …xf]tfÚ zAb l;4 ePsf] 5 . …of] h'xf]lt ; xf]tfÚ
hf] ;a} hLjx¿nfO{ lbg of]Uo kbfy{x¿sf] bftf / u|x0f ug{ of]Uo xf], o;}n] O{Zj/sf] gfd …xf]tfÚ
eof] .
-aGw aGwg]_ o;af6 …aGw'Ú zAb ag]sf] 5 . …oM :jl:dg\ r/fr/+ hut\ aWgflt aGw'j4df{Tdgf+
;'vfo ;xfof] jf jQ{t] ; aGw'MÚ h;n] cfk"mdf ;a} nf]s–nf]sfGt/x¿nfO{ lgodn] a4 u/]/ /fVb5 /
;xf]b/sf] ;dfg ;xfos x'G5, o;}n] cfˆgf]–cfˆgf] kl/lw jf lgodsf] pNn‹g ug{ ;Sb}gg\ . h;/L
e|ftf efOx¿sf] ;xfosf/L x'G5, To;/L g} k/d]Zj/ klg k[lyJoflb nf]sx¿sf] wf/0f, /If0f / ;'v
lbgfn] …aGw'Ú ;+1s xf] .
-kf /If0f]_ o; wft'af6 …lktfÚ zAb l;4 ePsf] 5 . …oM kflt ;jf{g\ ; lktfÚ hf] ;a}sf] /Ifs
h:t} lktf cfˆgf] ;Gtfgdfly ;bf s[kfn' eP/ pÌlt rfxG5, To;/L g} k/d]Zj/ ;a} hLjx¿sf]
pÌlt rfxG5, o;af6 O{Zj/sf] gfd …lktfÚ xf] .
…oM lktö0ff+ lktf ; lktfdxMÚ hf] lktfx¿sf] klg lktf xf], o;}n] k/d]Zj/sf] gfd …lktfdxÚ
xf] .
…oM lktfdxfgf+ lktf ; k|lktfdxMÚ hf] lktfx¿sf] lkt[sf] lktf xf], o;af6 k/d]Zj/sf] gfd
…k|lktfdxÚ xf] .
-dfª\ dfg] zAb] r_ o;af6 …dftfÚ zAb l;4 x'G5 . …of] lddLt] dfgolt ;jf{~hLjfg\ ; dftfÚ
h;/L k"0f{s[kfo'Qm hggL cfˆgf ;Gtfgx¿sf] ;'v / pÌlt rfxlG5g\, To;/L g} k/d]Zj/n] klg
;a}sf] a9f]Q/L rfxG5, o;}n] k/d]Zj/sf] gfd …dftfÚ xf] .
-r/ ulteIf0fof]M_ cfª\ k"j{s o; wft'af6 …cfrfo{Ú zAb l;4 x'G5 . …oM cfrf/+ u|fxolt ;jf{
ljBf af]wolt ; cfrfo{ O{Zj/MÚ hf] ;To cfrf/sf] u|x0f ug]{jfnf / ;a} ljBfx¿sf] k|flKtsf] x]t'
eP/ ;a} ljBf k|fKt u/fpFb5, o;}n] k/d]Zj/sf] gfd …cfrfo{Ú eof] .
-uö zAb]_ o; wft'af6 …u'?Ú zAb ag]sf] 5 . …of] wDof{g\ zAbfg\ u[0ffTo'klbzlt ; u'?M . ;
k"j]{iffdlk u'?M sfn]gfgjR5]bft\ .Ú of] of]uzf:qsf] ;"q -!÷@^_ xf] . hf] ;Towd{k|ltkfbs, ;sn,
ljBfo'Qm j]bx¿sf] pkb]z ub{5, hf] ;[li6sf] cflbdf clUg, jfo', cflbTo, clË/f / a|Xdflb u'?x¿sf]
klg u'? / h;sf] gfz slxNo} x'Fb}g, o;}n] k/a|Xdsf] gfd …u'?Ú xf] .
-ch ultIf]k0fof]M hgL k|fb'ef{j]_ oL wft'x¿af6 …chÚ zAb ag]sf] 5 . …of]˜hlt ;[li6+ k|lt
;jf{g\ k|s[TofbLg\ kbfyf{g\ k|lIfklt hgolt sbflrÌ hfot] ;f]˜hMÚ hf] ;a} k|s[ltsf] cjoj cfsfzflb
e"t k/df0f'x¿nfO{ oyfof]Uo ldnfpF5, z/L/sf] ;fydf hLjsf] ;DaGw u/]/ hGd lbG5 / :jo+ slxNo}
hGd ln+b}g, o;}n] O{Zj/sf] gfd …chÚ xf] .
-j[x a[lx j[4f}_ oL wft'x¿af6 …a|XdfÚ zAb l;4 x'G5 . …of]˜lvn+ hulÌdf{0f]g ax{lt j4{olt ;
a|XdfÚ h;n] ;Dk"0f{ hut\nfO{ /r]/ a9fpF5, o;}n] p; k/d]Zj/sf] gfd …a|XdfÚ xf] .
…;To+ 1fgdgGt+ a|XdÚ of] t}lQ/Lof]klgifb\ -@÷!_ sf] jrg xf] . …;GtLlt ;Gt:t]if' ;T;' ;fw'
tT;Tod\ . oHhfgflt r/f˜r/+ huQH1fgd\ . g ljBt]˜Gtf]˜jlwd{of{bf o:o tbgGtd\ . ;j]{Eof]
a[xŒjfb\ a|XdÚ hf] kbfy{ x'g\ ltgnfO{ ;t\ eGb5g\ . ltgdf ;fw' x'gfn] k/d]Zj/sf] gfd ;To eof] .
h;n] ;a}nfO{ hfGb5, o;}n] k/d]Zj/sf] gfd …1fgÚ eof] . h;sf] cGt cjlw dof{bf olt nfdf]–
rf}8f, ;fgf] of 7"nf] 5, o:tf] kl/df0f 5}g, To;}n] k/d]Zj/sf] gfd …cgGtÚ eof] . hf] ;a} eGbf 7"nf]
ePs}n] k/d]Zj/sf] ;To, 1fg / cgGt gfd 5g\ .
-8'bf`\ bfg]_ cfª\k"j{s o; wft'af6 …cflbÚ zAb / g`\k"j{s …cgflbÚ zAb l;4 x'G5 . …o:dft\
k"j{+ gfl:t k/+ rfl:t ; cflbl/To'Rt] .Ú -dxfefio !÷!÷%÷@)_ …g ljBt] cflbM sf/0f+ o:o
;f]˜gflb/LZj/MÚ h;sf] k"j{ s]xL gxf];\ / k/] xf];\, To;nfO{ …cflbÚ eGb5g\, h;sf] cflbsf/0f sf]xL
klg 5}g, o;}n] k/d]Zj/sf] gfd …cgflbÚ xf] .
-6'glb ;d[4f}_ cfª\ k"j{s o; wft'af6 …cfgGbÚ zAb aGb5 . …cfgGblGt ;j]{ d'Qmf ol:dg\ oåf
oM ;jf{~hLjfgfgGbolt ; cfgGbMÚ hf] cfgGb:j¿k, h;df ;a} d'Qm hLj cfgGbnfO{ k|fKt ub{5g\ /
;a} wdf{Tdf hLjx¿nfO{ cfgGbo'Qm ub{5, o;}n] p; k/d]Zj/sf] gfd …cfgGbÚ eof] .
 -c; e'lj_ o; wft'af6 …;t\Ú zAb l;4 x'G5 . …obl:t lqif' sfn]if' g afWot] tT;b\ a|XdÚ hf]
;bf jt{dfg cyf{t\ e"t, eljiot\, jt{dfg sfnx¿df h;sf] afw gxf];\, p; k/d]Zj/nfO{ …;t\Ú
eGb5g\ .
-lrtL ;+1fg]_ o; wft'af6 …lrt\Ú zAb l;4 x'G5 . …oZr]tlt r]tolt ;+1fkolt ;jf{g\
;Hhgfg\ of]lug:tlRrTk/+ a|XdÚ hf] r]tg:j¿k ;a} hLjnfO{ r]tfpg] / ;Tof˜;TonfO{ hgfpg]jfnf
xf], o;}n] p; k/dfTdfsf] gfd …lrt\Ú xf] . oL tLg} zAbx¿sf] ljz]if0f x'gfn] k/d]Zj/sf] gfdnfO{
…;lRrbfgGb:j¿kÚ eGb5g\ .
lgTo— …of] w|'jf]˜rnf]˜ljgfzL ; lgToM .Ú hf] lgZrn cljgfzL xf], ;f] …lgToÚ zAbjfRo O{Zj/
xf] .
-z'Gw z'4f}_ o;af6 …z'4Ú zAb l;4 x'G5 . …oM z'Gwlt ;jf{g\ zf]wolt jf ; z'4 O{Zj/MÚ hf]
:jo+ kljq ;a cz'l4x¿b]lv k[ys\ / ;a}nfO{ z'4 u/fpg]jfnf xf], o;}n] O{Zj/sf] gfd …z'4Ú eof] .
-a'w cjudg]_ o; wft'af6 …QmÚ k|Too x'gfn] …a'4Ú zAb l;4 x'G5 . …of] a'4jfg\ ;b}j
1ftf˜l:t ; a'4f] hubLZj/MÚ hf] ;bf ;a}nfO{ hfGb5, o;af6 O{Zj/sf] gfd …a'4Ú eof] .
-d'Rn[ df]rg]_ o; wft'af6 …d'QmÚ zAb l;4 x'G5 . …of] d'~rlt df]rolt jf d'd'If"g\ ; d'Qmf]
hubLZj/MÚ hf] ;j{bf cz'l4x¿b]lv cnu / ;a} d'd'If'x¿nfO{ Sn]zaf6 5'6fOlbG5, o;}n] k/dfTdfsf]
gfd …d'QmÚ xf] . …ct Pj lgToz'4a'4d'Qm:jefjf] hubLZj/MÚ o;} sf/0fn] k/d]Zj/sf] :jefj lgTo,
z'4, a'4 / d'Qm 5 .
lg/\ / cfª\ k"j{s -8's[`\ s/0f]_ o; wft'af6 …lg/fsf/Ú zAb l;4 x'G5 . …lgu{t cfsf/fT;
lg/fsf/MÚ h;sf] cfsf/ s]xL klg 5}g / slxNo} klg z/L/ wf/0f ub}{g, o;}n] k/d]Zj/sf] gfd
lg/fsf/ xf] .
-c~h" JolQmDnIf0fsflGtultif'_ o; wft'af6 …c~hgÚ zAb ag]sf] 5 / lg/\ pk;u{sf] of]uaf6
…lg/~hgMÚ zAb l;4 x'G5 . …c~hg+ JolQmDn{If0f+ s'sfd OlGb|o}M k|flKtZr]To:dfBf] lgu{tM k[yUe"tM ;
lg/~hgMÚ hf] JolQm cyf{t\ cfs[lt, Dn]R5frf/, b'i6sfdgf / rIf'/flb OlGb|oflb ljifox¿sf] kyb]lv
k[ys\ 5, o;}n] O{Zj/sf] gfd …lg/~hgÚ eof] .
-u0f ;+Vofg]_ o; wft'af6 …u0fÚ zAb l;4 x'G5 . o;eGbf cufl8 …O{zÚ jf …kltÚ zAb /fVgfn]
…u0f]zÚ / …u0fkltÚ zAb l;4 x'G5 . …o] k|s[Tofbof] h8f hLjfZr u0oGt] ;+VofoGt] t]iffdLzM :jfdL
kltM kfnsf] jfÚ hf] k|s[Toflb h8 / ;a hLj k|Voft kbfy{x¿sf :jfdL jf kfng ug]{jfnf x'g\, o;}n]
O{Zj/sf] gfd …u0f]zÚ / …u0fkltÚ xf] .
…of] ljZjdLi6] ; ljZj]Zj/MÚ hf] ;+;f/sf] clwi7ftf xf], p; k/d]Zj/sf] gfd …ljZj]Zj/Ú xf] .
…oM s"6]˜g]sljwJojxf/] :j:j¿k]0f}j lti7lt ; s"6:yM k/d]Zj/MÚ hf] ;a} Jojxf/x¿df JofKt
/ ;a} Jojxf/x¿sf] cfwf/ eP/ klg s'g} Jojxf/df cfˆgf] :j¿knfO{ k]mb}{g, o;}n] k/d]Zj/sf] gfd
…s"6:yÚ xf] .
hlt …b]jÚ zAbsf] cy{ n]lvof] pltg} …b]jLÚ zAbsf] klg 5g\ . k/d]Zj/sf] tLg} lnËx¿sf] gfd
5g\, h:t}— …a|Xd lrlt/LZj/Zr]ltÚ ha O{Zj/sf] ljz]if0f x'g]5 ta …b]jÚ, ha lrltsf] x'Fbf ta …b]jLÚ
o;}n] O{Zj/sf] gfd …b]jLÚ xf] .
-zSn[ zQmf}_ o; wft'af6 …zlQmÚ zAb ag]sf] 5 . …oM ;j{+ hut\ st'{+ zSgf]lt ; zlQmMÚ hf]
;a} hut\ agfpgdf ;dy{ 5, o;}n] k/d]Zj/sf] gfd …zlQmÚ eof] .
-l>`\ ;]jfofd\_ o; wft'af6 …>LÚ zAb l;4 x'G5 . …oM >Lot] ;]Jot] ;j]{0f hutf
ljålb\eof]{luleZr ; >L/LZj/MÚ h;sf] ;]jg ;a hut\, ljåfg\ / of]uLhg ub{5g\, p; k/dfTdfsf]
gfd …>LÚ xf] .
-nIf bz{gfÍgof]M_ o; wft'af6 …nIdLÚ zAb l;4 x'G5 . …of] nIfolt kZoToÍt] lrÂolt
r/fr/+ hubyjf j]b}/fKt}of]{luleZr of] nIot] ; nIdLM ;j{lk|o]Zj/MÚ h;n] ;a} r/fr/ hut\nfO{
b]Vb5, lrlÂt cyf{t\ b[Zo agfpF5, h:t} z/L/sf] g]q, gfl;sflb / j[Ifsf kq, k'ik, kmn, d"n, k[YjL
hnsf] s[i0f, /Qm, Zj]t, d[lQsf, kfiff0f, rGb|–;"of{lb lr agfpF5, tyf ;a}nfO{ b]Vb5, ;a}
zf]efx¿sf] klg zf]ef xf] / hf] j]bflb zf:q, wfld{s ljåfg\ of]uLx¿sf] nflu nIo cyf{t\ x]g{ of]Uo
xf], o;}n] p; k/d]Zj/sf] gfd …nIdLÚ xf] .
 -;[ utf}_ o; wft'af6 …;/;\Ú o;df dt'k\ / ªLk\ k|Too x'gfn] …;/:jtLÚ zAb l;4 x'G5 . …;/f]
ljljw+ 1fg+ ljBt] o:of+ lrtf} ;f ;/:jtLÚ h;nfO{ ljljw lj1fg, zAb, cy{, ;DaGw k|of]usf] 1fg
oyfjt\ x'G5, o;}n] p; k/d]Zj/sf] gfd …;/:jtLÚ xf] .
…;jf{M zQmof] ljBGt] ol:dg\ ; ;j{zlQmdfgLZj/MÚ h;n] cfˆgf] sfo{ ug{df s;} cGosf]
;xfotfsf] OR5f n]zdfq klg ub}{g, cfˆg} ;fdYo{n] cfˆgf] ;a} sfd k"/f ub{5, o;}n] p;
k/dfTdfsf] gfd …;j{zlQmdfg\Ú xf] .
-0fL`\ k|fk0f]_ o; wft'af6 …GofoÚ zAb l;4 x'G5 . …k|df0f}/y{k/LIf0f+ GofoMÚ -jf=ef= !÷!÷!_ of]
jrg Gofo;"qdfly jfT:ofogd'lgs[t efiosf] xf] . …kIfkft/flxTofr/0f+ GofoMÚ h'g k|ToIfflb
k|df0fx¿sf] k/LIffaf6 ;To–;To l;4 ePsf] xf], tyf kIfkft/lxt wd{¿k cfr/0fnfO{ Gofo
eGb5g\ . …Gofo+ st'{+ zLnd:o ; Gofosf/LZj/MÚ h;sf] Gofo cyf{t\ kIfkft/lxt wd{ ug'{ g} :jefj
xf], o;}n] O{Zj/sf] gfd …Gofosf/LÚ xf] .
-bo bfgult/If0flx+;fbfg]if'_ o; wft'af6 …bofÚ zAb l;4 x'G5 . …bot] bbflt hfgflt uR5lt
/Iflt lxgl:t oof ;f bof, aÃL bof ljBt] o:o ; bofn'M k/d]Zj/MÚ hf] ceosf bftf, ;Tof˜;To
;j{–ljBfnfO{ hfÌ], ;a ;Hhgx¿sf] /Iff ug]{ / b'i6nfO{ oyfof]Uo b08 lbg]jfnf x'g\, o;}n]
k/dfTdfsf] gfd …bofn'Ú xf] .
…åof]ef{jf] åfEofldt+ ;f låtf, åLt+ jf, ;}j tb]j jf å}td\, g ljBt] å}t+ låtLo]Zj/efjf]
ol:d+:tbå}td\ .Ú cyf{t\ …;hftLoljhftLo:jute]bz"Go+ a|XdÚ— b'O{sf] x'g', b'O6}n] o'Qm x'g' Tof] låtf
jf åLt cyjf å}t, cyf{t\ h'g o;b]lv /lxt 5g\ . ;hftLo h:t} dg'iosf] ;hftLo bf];|f] dg'io x'G5,
ljhftLo h:t} dg'iob]lv leÌ hflt ePsf j[If, kfiff0fflb . :jut cyf{t\ h:tf] z/L/df cfFvf, gfs,
sfg cflb cjojx¿sf] e]b x'G5, To;/L g} bf];|f :jhftLo O{Zj/, ljhftLo O{Zj/ jf cfˆgf] cfTdfdf
tŒjfGt/ j:t'x¿b]lv /lxt Ps k/d]Zj/ xf], o;}n] k/dfTdfsf] gfd …cå}tÚ eof] .
…u'0oGt] o] t] u'0ff jf o}u'{0folGt t] u'0ffM, of] u'0f]Eof] lgu{tM ; lgu'{0f O{Zj/MÚ hlt ;Œj, /h,
td, ¿k, /;, :kz{, uGwflb h8sf u'0f, cljBf, cNk1tf, /fu, å]if / cljBflb Sn]z hLjsf u'0f x'g \
tL b]lv hf] k[ys\ 5 . o;df …czAbd:kz{d¿kdJood\Ú -s7f]klgifb\ !÷#÷!%_ OToflb pklgifb\sf
k|df0fx¿ 5g\ . hf] zAb, :kz{, ¿kflb u'0f/lxt 5, o;}n] k/dfTdfsf] gfd …lgu'{0fÚ xf] .
…of] u'0f}M ;x jQ{t] ; ;u'0fMÚ hf] ;a}sf 1fg, ;j{;'v, kljqtf, cgGtanflb u'0fn] o'Qm 5,
o;}n] k/d]Zj/sf] gfd …;u'0fÚ xf] . h;/L k[YjL uGwflb u'0fn] …;u'0fÚ / OR5flb u'0fn] /lxt x'gfn]
…lgu'{0fÚ eof], To;/L g} hut\ / hLjsf] u'0fx¿b]lv k[ys\ x'gfn] k/d]Zj/ …lgu{'0fÚ / ;j{1flb u'0fn]
;lxt x'gfn] …;u'0fÚ xf] . cyf{t\ o:tf] s'g} klg kbfy{ 5}g h'g ;u'0f / lgu'{0ftfaf6 k[ys\ xf];\ .
h;/L r]tg u'0fb]lv k[ys\ x'gfn] h8 kbfy{ lgu'{0f / cfˆgf] u'0fn] ;lxt x'gfn] ;u'0f, To;/L g} h8
u'0fb]lv k[ys\ x'gfn] hLj …lgu'{0fÚ / OR5flb cfˆgf] u'0fn] ;lxt x'gfn] …;u'0fÚ . o;/L g} k/d]Zj/df
klg ;Demg' kb{5 .
…cGto{Gt'+ lgoGt'+ zLn+ o:o ;f]˜odGtof{dLÚ hf] ;a k|f0fL / ck|f0fL¿k hut\sf] leq Jofks
eP/ ;a}sf] lgod ub{5, o;}n] p; k/d]Zj/sf] gfd …cGtof{dLÚ xf] .
…of] wDd]{ /fht] ; wd{/fhMÚ hf] wd{df g} k|sfzdfg / cwd{b]lv /lxt, wd{sf] g} k|sfz ub{5,
o;}n] k/d]Zj/sf] gfd …wDd{/fhÚ xf] .
-od' pk/d]_ o; wft'af6 …odÚ zAb ag]sf] 5 . …oM ;jf{g\ k|fl0fgf] lgoR5lt ; odMÚ h;n]
;a} k|f0fLx¿sf] sd{kmn lbgsf] nflu Joj:yf ub{5 / ;a} cGofob]lv k[ys\ /xG5, o;}n] k/dfTdfsf]
gfd …odÚ xf] .
-eh ;]jfofd\_ o; wft'af6 …euÚ o;af6 dt'k\ x'gfn] …eujfg\Ú zAb l;4 x'G5 . …euM
;sn}Zjøo{+ ;]jg+ jf ljBt] o:o ; eujfg\Ú hf] ;du| P]Zjo{n] o'Qm jf eHgof]Uo xf], o;}n] O{Zj/sf]
gfd …eujfg\Ú eof] .
-dg 1fg]_ o; wft'af6 …dg'Ú zAb aGb5 . …of] dGot] ; dg'MÚ hf] dg' cyf{t\ lj1fgzLn /
dfÌof]Uo 5, o;}n] O{Zj/sf] gfd …dg'Ú xf] .
-kö kfngk"/0fof]M_ o; wft'af6 …k'?ifÚ zAb l;4 ePsf] 5 . …oM :jJofKTof r/f˜r/+ hut\
k[0fflt k"/olt jf ; k'?ifMÚ hf] ;a hut\df k"0f{ e}/x]sf] 5, o;}n] p; k/d]Zj/sf] gfd …k'?ifÚ xf] .
 -8'e[`\ wf/0fkf]if0fof]M_ …ljZjÚ k"j{s o; wft'af6 …ljZjDe/Ú zAb l;4 x'G5 . …of] ljZj+ laelt{
w/lt k'i0fflt jf ; ljZjDe/f] hubLZj/MÚ h;n] hut\sf] wf/0f / kf]if0f ub{5, o;}n] k/d]Zj/sf]
gfd …ljZjDe/Ú xf] .
-sn ;+Vofg]_ o; wft'af6 …sfnÚ zAb ag]sf] 5 . …snolt ;+Voflt ;jf{g\ kbfyf{g\ ; sfnMÚ
hf] hut\sf] ;a} kbfy{ / hLjx¿sf] ;+Vof ub{5, o;}n] k/d]Zj/sf] gfd …sfnÚ xf] .
-lzin[ ljz]if0f]_ o; wft'af6 …z]ifÚ zAb l;4 x'G5 . …oM lziot] ; z]ifMÚ hf] pTklQ / k|noaf6
z]if cyf{t\ afFsL /xG5, o;}n] k/dfTdfsf] gfd …z]ifÚ xf] .
-cfKn[ JofKtf}_ o; wft'af6 …cfKtÚ zAb l;4 x'G5 . …oM ;jf{g\ wdf{Tdg cfKgf]lt jf
;j}{w{df{Tdle/fKot] 5nflb/lxtM ; cfKtMÚ hf] ;Tof]kb]zs ;snljBfo'Qm, ;a wdf{Tdfx¿nfO{ k|fKt
x'G5 / wdf{Tdfx¿b]lv k|fKt x'g of]Uo, 5n–sk6flbb]lv /lxt 5, o;}n] k/dfTdfsf] gfd …cfKtÚ xf] .
-8's[`\ s/0f]_ …zd\Ú k"j{s o; wft'af6 …zÍ/Ú zAb l;4 ePsf] 5 . …oM z+ sNof0f+ ;'v+ s/f]lt
; zÍ/MÚ hf] sNof0f cyf{t\ ;'vnfO{ u/fpg] x'g\, o;}n] …zÍ/Ú gfd O{Zj/sf] xf] .
…dxt\Ú zAb k"j{s …b]jÚ zAbaf6 …dxfb]jÚ zAb l;4 x'G5 . …of] dxtf+ b]jM ; dxfb]jMÚ hf]
dxfg\ b]jx¿sf b]j cyf{t\ ljåfg\x¿sf klg ljåfg\, ;"of{lb kbfy{x¿sf k|sfzs x'g\, o;}n]
k/dfTdfsf] gfd …dxfb]jÚ xf] .
-k|L`\ tk{0f] sfGtf} r_ o; wft'af6 …lk|oÚ zAb l;4 x'G5 . …oM k|0fflt k|Lot] jf ; lk|oMÚ h;n]
;a} wdf{Tdfx¿, d'd'If'x¿ / lzi6x¿nfO{ k|;Ì u/fpF5 / ;a}sf] sfdgfsf] of]Uo xf], o;}n] O{Zj/sf]
gfd …lk|oÚ xf] .
-e" ;Qfofd\_ …:jo+Ú k"j{s o; wft'af6 …:joDe"Ú zAb l;4 x'G5 . …oM :jo+ ejlt ;
:joDe"/LZj/MÚ hf] cfk"maf6 cfk}m 5, s;}af6 slxNo} pTkÌ ePsf] 5}g, o;}n] k/dfTdfsf] gfd
…:joDe"Ú xf] .
-s' zAb]_ o; wft'af6 …sljÚ zAb l;4 x'G5 . …oM sf}lt zAbolt ;jf{ ljBfM ; slj/LZj/MÚ hf]
j]båf/f ;a} ljBfx¿sf] pkb]i6f / j]Qf xf], o;}n] k/d]Zj/sf] gfd …sljÚ eof] .
-lzj' sNof0f]_ o; wft'af6 …lzjÚ zAb l;4 x'G5 . …ax'nd]tlÌbz{gd\Ú -wft'kf7] r'/flbu0f]_
o;af6 …lzjÚ wft' dflgG5 . hf] sNof0f:j¿k / sNof0fnfO{ u/fpg] xf], o;}n] k/dfTdfsf] gfd …lzjÚ
xf] .
oL ;o gfdx¿ k/d]Zj/sf n]lvPsf 5g\ . k/Gt' oL b]lv leÌ k/dfTdfsf] c;+Vo gfd 5g\ .
lsgeg] h;/L k/d]Zj/sf] cgGt u'0f, sd{, :jefj 5g\, To;/L g} p;sf cgGt gfd klg 5g\ . tL
dWo]af6 k|To]s u'0f, sd{ / :jefjsf] Ps–Ps gfd 5 . of] d}n] n]Vg' ;d'b|sf] cufl8 yf]kf]h:t} xf] .
lsgeg] j]bflb zf:qdf k/dfTdfsf] c;+Vo u'0f, sd{, :jefj JofVoft ul/Psf] 5, ltgnfO{ cWoog /
cWofkg u/fpgfn] ;a}nfO{ af]w x'g ;Sb5 / cGo kbfy{sf] 1fg klg ltg}nfO{ k"/f x'g ;Sb5, h;n]
j]bflb zf:qx¿nfO{ k9\b5g\ .
dËnfr/0fsf] ;dLIff -!=$_
k|Zg— h;/L cGo u|Gysf/x¿n] n]vsf] cflb, dWo / cGtdf dËnfr/0f ub{5g\ To:tf]
tkfO{+n] t s]xL klg g n]Vg' g ug'{ g} eof] <
pQ/— o:tf] ug'{ xfdLnfO{ of]Uo 5}g . lsgeg] hf] cflb, dWo / cGtdf dËn ub{5 eg] p;sf]
u|Gydf cflb, dWo / dWo tyf cGtsf] aLrdf h] hlt n]v]sf] xf]nf, Tof] ;a} cdËn g} /xg]5 .
o;}n]— …मङ्गलाचरणं शिष्टाचारात् फलदिशनाच्छ्रुतततश्चेततÚ of] ;f+Vozf:q -%÷!_ sf] jrg xf] . o;sf]
of] clek|fo xf] ls hf] Gofo, kIfkft/lxt, ;To, j]bf]Qm O{Zj/sf] cf1f xf] p;}sf] oyfjt\ ;j{q /
;bf cfr/0f ug'{nfO{ g} dËnfr/0f eGb5g\ . u|Gysf] cf/Deb]lv lnP/ ;dflKtko{Gt ;Tofrf/ ug'{
g} dËnfr/0f xf], g ls sxL+ dËn / sxL+ cdËn n]Vg' . x]g'{xf];\ dxfzo dxlif{x¿sf] n]vnfO{—
ofGogjBflg sdf{l0f tflg ;]ljtJoflg, gf] Ot/fl0f .. —of] t}lQ/Lof]klgifb\ -!÷!!_ sf] jrg xf] .
x] ;Gtfgx¿ xf] Û hf] …cgjBÚ clgGbgLo cyf{t\ wd{o'Qm sd{ 5g\, ltg}nfO{ ltdLn] ug{ of]Uo 5,
cwd{o'QmnfO{ xf]Og .
 o;}n] hf] cfw'lgs u|Gy jf 6Lsfsf/x¿sf] …>Lu0f]zfo gdMÚ, …;Ltf/fdfEof+ gdMÚ,
…/fwfs[i0ffEof+ gdMÚ, …>Lu'?r/0ff/ljGbfEof+ gdMÚ, …xg'dt] gdMÚ, …b'uf{o} gdMÚ, …j6'sfo gdMÚ, e}/jfo
gdMÚ, …lzjfo gdMÚ, …;/:jTo} gdMÚ, …gf/fo0ffo gdMÚ OToflb n]v b]Vgdf cfPsf 5g\, lognfO{
a'l4dfgL hgx¿ j]b / zf:qx¿sf] lj?4 x'gfn] ldYof g} ;DemG5g\ . lsgeg] j]b / Clif, d'lgx¿sf]
u|Gydf sxL+ klg o:tf] dËnfr/0f b]Vgdf cfpFb}g / cfif{ u|Gyx¿df …cf]#d\Ú tyf …cyÚ zAb t
b]lvgdf cfPsf] 5 . x]g'{xf];\—
…cy zAbfg'zf;gd\Ú . cy]Too+ zAbf]˜lwsf/fy{M k|o'Hot] . —Jofs/0f dxfefio -k:kzflÂs_ ..
…cyftf] wd{lh1f;fÚ . cy]TofgGto]{ j]bfWoogfgGt/d\ . —of] k"j{dLdf+;f -!÷!÷!_ ..
…cyftf] wd{+ JofVof:ofdMÚ . cy]lt wd{sygfgGt/+ wd{nIf0f+ ljz]if]0f JofVof:ofdM .
—of] j}z]lifs bz{g -!÷!÷!_ ..
…cy of]ufg'zf;gd\Ú . cy]Toodlwsf/fy{M . —of] of]uzf:qsf] jrg -!÷!_ ..
…cy lqljwb'MvfToGtlgj[lQ/ToGtk'?iffy{MÚ .
;f+;fl/sljifoef]ufgGt/+ lqljwb'MvfToGtlgj[Œoy{M k|oTgM sQ{JoM .—of] ;f+Vozf:qsf] jrg xf] .
…cyftf] a|Xdlh1f;fÚ . rt'i6o;fwg;+kŒogGt/+ a|Xd lh1f:od\ . —of] j]bfGt;"q xf] -!÷!÷!_
…cf]ldTo]tbIf/d'b\uLyd'kf;LtÚ . —of] 5fGbf]Uof]klgifb\ -!÷!÷!_ sf] jrg xf] ..
…cf]ldTo]tbIf/ldbœ ;j{+ t:of]kJofVofgd\Ú . —of] df08"Sof]klgifb\sf] z'¿sf] jrg xf] ..
o;/L g} cGo Clif–d'lgx¿sf] u|Gyx¿df …cf]#d\Ú / …cyÚ zAb n]lvPsf 5g\, To;/L g} -clUg,
O6\, clUg, o] lqifKtfM kl/olGt_ oL zAb rf/} j]bx¿sf] cflbdf n]lvPsf 5g\ . …>Lu0f]zfo gdMÚ
OToflb zAb sxL+ klg 5}g, / hf] j}lbs hgx¿ j]bsf] cf/Dedf …xl/M cf]d\Ú eg]/ n]Vb5g\ / k9\b5g\,
of] kf}/fl0fs / tflGqs hgx¿sf] ldYof sNkgfaf6 l;s]sf x'g\ . s]jn cf]Íf/sf] kf7 t Clif–
d'lgx¿sf u|Gyx¿df b]lvg cfPsf] 5Ù …xl/Ú zAb cflbdf sxL+ klg 5}g . o;}n] …cf]#d\Ú jf …cyÚ zAb
g} u|Gysf] cflbdf n]Vg'kb{5 . of] d}n] lsl~rgdfq O{Zj/sf] ljifodf n]v]+ ca o; eGbf cufl8
lzIffsf] ljifodf n]Vg] 5' .

Olt >Ld2ofgGb;/:jtL:jflds[t] ;Tofy{k|sfz]

;'efifflje"lift O{Zj/gfdljifo]
k|ydM ;d'Nnf;M ;Dk"0f{M ..!..

 -@_ bf];|f] ;d'Nnf;
afn–aflnsfsf] lzIff ljifo -@=!_
dft[dfg\ lkt[dfgfrfo{jfg\ k'?iff] j]b . —of] ztky a|fXd0fsf] jrg xf] ..
—-t'ngf–z=a|f=sf+= !$÷k|kf= %÷a|f *÷s+= @ .. tyf 5f=p=k|kf= ^÷v+= !$_ ..
j:t'tM ha hLj tLg pQd lzIfs cyf{t\ Ps dftf, bf];|f] lktf / t];|f] cfrfo{ eP eg] ta
g} dg'io 1fgjfg\ x'G5 . Tof] s'n wGo Û Tof] ;Gtfg 7"nf] efUojfg\ Û h;sf dftf / lktf wfld{s /
ljåfg\ x'G5g\ . hlt dftfaf6 ;GtfgnfO{ pkb]z / pksf/ k'Ub5, Tolt c¿ s;}af6 x'Fb}g . h;/L
dftf ;Gtfgdfly k|]d, ltgsf] lxt ug{ rfxlG5g\, Tolt cGo s;}n] ug{ ;Sb}g . o;}n] -dft[dfg\_
cyf{t\ k|z:tf wfld{sL ljb'ifL dftf ljBt] o:o ; dft[dfg\ . wGo tL dftf x'g\ hf] uef{wfgb]lv lnP/
ha;Dd k"/} ljBf gxf];\, ta;Dd ;'zLntfsf] pkb]z ub{l5g\ .
dftf / lktfsf] clt plrt of] xf] ls uef{wfgsf] k"j{, dWo / kZrft\ b'u{Gw, ¿If, a'l4gfzs
gzflb kbfy{x¿nfO{ 5f]8]/ h;n] zflGt, cf/f]Uo, an, a'l4, k/fqmd / ;'zLntfaf6 ;EotfnfO{ k|fKt
u¿g\ To:tf 3[t, b'Uw, ldi6, cÌkfg cflb >]i7 kbfy{x¿sf] ;]jg u¿g\ ls h;af6 /h–jLøo{ klg
bf]ifb]lv /lxt eP/ cTo'Qd u'0fo'Qm xf];\ . h:tf] Ct'udgsf] ljlw cyf{t\ /hf]bz{gsf] kfFrf}+
lbj;b]lv lnP/ ;f]x|f}+ lbj;;Dd Ct'bfg lbg] ;do xf] . ltgdf k|ydsf rf/ lbg TofHo 5g\, /x] !@
lbg, To;df klg PsfbzL / qof]bzLnfO{ 5f]8]/ afFsL !) /flqx¿df uef{wfg ug'{ pQd xf] /
/hf]bz{gsf] lbgb]lv lnP/ !^cf}+ /flq kZrft\ ;dfud gug'{ . k'gM ha;Dd Ct'bfgsf] ;do k"jf{]Qm
gcfcf];\ ta;Dd / ue{l:yltsf] kZrft\ Ps jif{;Dd ;+o'Qm gxf]pmg\ ls ha b'j}sf] z/L/ cf/f]Uo,
k/:k/ k|;Ìtf, s'g} k|sf/sf] zf]s gxf]cf];\ . h:tf] r/s / ;'>'tdf ef]hg–5fbg sf] ljwfg /
dg':d[ltdf :qL–k'?ifsf] k|;Ìtfsf] /Llt n]lvPsf] 5, To;} k|sf/n] u¿g\ / rn"g\ . uef{wfgsf] kZrft\
:qLn] c;fWo} ;fjwfgL;Fu ef]hg–5fbg ug'{kb{5 . kZrft\ Ps jif{ ko{Gt :qL–k'?ifsf] ;Ë gu¿g\ .
a'l4, an, ¿k, cf/f]Uo, k/fqmd, zflGt cflb u'0fsf/s b|Jox¿sf] g} ;]jg :qLn] ub}{/fvf];\ ls
ha;Dd ;Gtfgsf] hGd gxf];\ .
ha hGd xf];\ ta /fd|f] ;'ulGwo'Qm hnn] afnssf] :gfg, gf8L5]bg u/]/ ;'ulGwo'Qm
3[tflbsf] xf]d / :qLnfO{ klg :gfg, ef]hgsf] oyfof]Uo k|aGw ul/of];\ ls h;n] afns / :qLsf]
z/L/ qmdzM cf/f]Uo / k'i6 x'Fb} hfcf];\ . o:tf] kbfy{ p;sf] dftf jf wfoLcfdfn] vfpmg\ ls h;af6
b"wdf klg pQd u'0f k|fKt xf];\ . k|;"tfsf] b"w Ps lbg jf 5M lbg;Dd afnsnfO{ lknfpmg\ .
To;kl5 wfoLcfdfn] lknfpg] u¿g\ . k/Gt' wfoLcfdfnfO{ pQd kbfy{x¿sf] vfg–kfg dftf–lktfn]
u/fpmg\ . hf] sf]xL bl/b| 5g\ eg], wfoLcfdfnfO{ /fVg g;s]df ltgn] ufO{ jf afv«fsf] b"wdf pQd
cf}iflw h'g ls a'l4, k/fqmd, cf/f]Uo u/fpg]vfn] xf];\ To;nfO{ z'4 hndf lehfP/, 5fg]/ b"wsf]
;dfg hn ldnfP/ afnsnfO{ lknfpmg\ . hGd] kZrft\ afns / afnssL dftfnfO{ bf];|f] :yfg ls
hxfFsf] jfo' z'4 xf];\ To:tf] :yfgdf /fv"g\ . ;'uGw tyf bz{gLo kbfy{ klg /fv"g\, / To; b]zdf
e|d0f u/fpg plrt x'G5 ls hxfFsf] jfo' z'4 xf];\, / hxfF wfoLcfdf, ufO{, afv«f] cflbsf] b"w ldNg
g;sf];\, ToxfF h:tf] plrt x'G5 To:t} ug'{ . lsgeg] k|;"tf :qLsf] z/L/sf] c+zaf6 afnssf] z/L/
aGb5, o;}n] :qL k|;j ;dodf lga{n x'G5], To; ;do p;sf] b"wdf klg sd an x'G5, o;}n] k|;"tf
:qLn] b"w g lknfcf];\ . b"w /f]Sgsf] nflu :tgsf] l5b|df cf]iflwsf] n]k u/f];\, h;n] ubf{ b"w ;|ljt
gxf];\ . o:tf] ugf{n] låtLo dlxgfdf k'g/lk o'jtL x'g hfG5] . ta;Dd k'?if a|Xdro{n] jLo{sf] lgu|x
/fvf];\ . o; k|sf/ hf] :qL jf k'?ifn] ug]{5g\, ltgsf pQd ;Gtfg, bL3f{o', an, k/fqmdsf] j[l4 g}
e}/xg]5 ls h;af6 ;a} ;Gtfg, pQd an–k/fqmdo'Qm, bL3f{o', wfld{s xf]pmg\ . :qL of]lg;Íf]r,
zf]wg / k'?if jLo{sf] :tDeg u¿g\ . k'gM ;Gtfg hlt x'g]5g\ ltgLx¿ klg ;a} pQd x'g]5g\ .
afnsnfO{ dftfn] ;bf pQd lzIff u¿g\, h;n] ;Gtfg ;Eo ag"g\ / s'g} cËn] s'r]i6f g
ug{ kfpmg\ . ha af]Ng yfN5 ta p;sL dftf afnssf] lhÃf h'g k|sf/n] sf]dn eP/ :ki6
pRrf/0f ug{ ;sf];\ To:t} pkfo u¿g\ ls h'g j0f{sf] :yfg, k|oTg cyf{t\ h:t} …kÚ o;sf] cf]i7
:yfg / :k[i6 k|oTg ls b'j} cf]i7x¿nfO{ ldnfP/ af]Ng', o;sf] lagf z'4f]Rrf/0f x|:j, bL3{, Kn't
cIf/x¿nfO{ 7Ls–7Ls af]Ng ;Sb}g . dw'/, uDeL/, ;':j/, cIf/, dfqf, kb, jfSo, ;+lxtf, cj;fg
leÌ–leÌ >j0f xf]cf];\ . ha p;n] s]xL–s]xL af]Ng / a'‰g nfuf];\ ta ;'Gb/ jf0fL / 7"nf, ;fgf,
dfGo, lktf, dftf, /fhf, ljåfg\ cflb;Fu efif0f, pgLx¿;Fu jt{dfg / glhs a:g] cflbsf] klg lzIff
u¿g\ ls h;af6 pgsf] st} cof]Uo Jojxf/ gxf];\ ls ;j{q k|lti7f x'g hfcf];\ . h;/L ;Gtfg
lht]lGb|o, ljBflk|o / ;T;Ëdf ?lr u/f];\, To:tf] k|oTg ub}{ /fv"g\ . Joy{ qmL8f, /f]bg, xf:o, n8fO{,
xif{, zf]s, s'g} kbfy{df nf]n'ktf, O{iof{, å]ifflb g u¿g\ . pk:y]lGb|osf] :kz{ lagf lgldQ gu¿g\,
lsgeg] o;sf] :kz{ / db{gn] jLo{sf] IfL0ftf, gk'+;stf, x:tdf b'u{Gw klg x'G5 . o;}n] p;sf] :kz{
gu¿g\ . ;bf ;Toefif0f, zf}o{, w}o{, k|;Ìjbg cflb u'0fx¿sf] k|flKt h'g k|sf/n] x'G5 u/fpg] . ha
kfFr–kfFr jif{sf 5f]/f–5f]/L x'G5g\ ta b]jgfu/L cIf/x¿sf] cEof; u/fpg] cGob]zLo efiffx¿sf]
cIf/x¿ klg cEof; u/fpg] . To;kl5 h;af6 /fd|f] lzIff, ljBf, wd{, k/d]Zj/, dftf, lktf,
cfrfo{, ljåfg\, cltly, /fhf, k|hf, s'6'Da, aGw', elugL, e[To cflb;Fu s;/L–s;/L rNg'kb{5, oL
s'/fx¿sf] dGq, Znf]s, ;"q, uB, kB klg cy{ ;lxt s07:y u/fpg] . h;af6 ;Gtfg s'g} w"t{sf]
axsfpdf gcfcf];\ / hf]–hf] ljBfwd{lj?4 e|flGthfndf lu/fpg]vfn] Jojxf/ 5g\, ltgsf] klg
pkb]z ug]{, h;af6 e"t, k|]t cflb ldYof s'/fx¿sf] ljZjf; gxf];\ .
e"tk|]t cflbsf] lgif]w -@=@_
u'/f]M k|]t:o lzio:t' lkt[d]w+ ;dfr/g\ . k|]txf/}M ;d+ tq bz/fq]0f z'4Ølt ..
—dg':d[lt -cWofo %÷Znf]s ^%_ ..
cy{— ha u'?sf] k|f0ffGt xf];\, ta d[tsz/L/ h;sf] gfd …k|]tÚ xf] p;sf] bfx u/fpg] lzio
k|]txf/ cyf{t\ d[tsnfO{ p7fpg]x¿sf ;fy bzf}+ lbgdf z'4 x'G5 / ha To; z/L/sf] bfx e};Sof]
ta p;sf] gfd …e"tÚ x'G5 cyf{t\ Tof] cd'sgfdf k'?if lyof] . hlt pTkÌ ePsf 5g\ jt{dfgdf cfP/
/xFb}g, tL e"t:y x'gfn] ltgsf] gfd e"t xf] . o:tf] a|Xdfb]lv lnP/ cfh ko{Gtsf ljåfg\x¿sf]
l;4fGt xf] . k/Gt' h;nfO{ zÍf, s';Ë, s';+:sf/ x'G5, To;nfO{ eo / zÍf¿kL e"t, k|]t, zflsgL,
8flsgL cflb cg]s e|dhfn b'Mvbfos x'G5g\ .
x]/ Û ha sf]xL k|f0fL db{5 ta p;sf] hLj kfk–k'0osf] jz eP/ k/d]Zj/sf] Joj:yfsf]
;'v–b'Mvsf] kmn ef]Ugsf] cy{ hGdfGt/ wf/0f ub{5 . s] o; cljgfzL k/d]Zj/sf] Joj:yfnfO{ s;}n]
klg gfz ug{ ;Sb5 / < c1fgL hgx¿ j}Bszf:q jf kbfy{ljBfnfO{ k9\g], ;'Ì] / ljrf/b]lv /lxt
eP/ ;lÌkftHj/flb zf/L/ / pGdfbflb dfg; /f]ux¿sf] gfd e"t k|]tflb /fVb5g\ . To;sf] cf}iflw
;]jg / kYoflb plrt Jojxf/ gu/]/ tL w"t{, kfv08L, dxfd"v{ cgfrf/L, :jfyL{, eËL, rdf/, z"b|,
Dn]R5flb dfly klg ljZjf;L eP/ cg]s k|sf/sf] 9f]Ë, 5n–sk6 / plR5i6 ef]hg, 8f]/L, wfuf] cflb
ldYof dGq–oGq afFWg]–aFwfpg] ub{5g\ . cfˆgf] wgsf] gfz, ;Gtfg cflbsf] b'b{zf / /f]unfO{ a9fP/
b'Mv lbO/fVb5g\ .
ha cfFvfsf cGwf ufF7sf k"/f, tL b'a'{l4 kfkL :jfyL{x¿sxfF uP/ ;f]W5g\ ls ædxf/fh Û o;
s]6f], s]6L, :qL / k'?ifnfO{ yfxf 5}g s] eof] <Æ ta tL cGwf / n'Rrf eGb5g\ ls æo;sf] z/L/df
7"nf] e"t, k|]t, e}/j, zLtnf cflb b]jL r9]sL 5g\ ha;Dd o;sf] pkfo ub}{gf} ta;Dd o;n]
5f]8\g]5}g / k|f0f klg lng ;Sb5 . olb ltdLn] ef]u cyjf olt e]6L lbG5f} eg] xfdL dGq–hk–
k'/Zr/0fn] emf/k'ms u/]/ lgsflnlbg] 5f}+ .Æ ta tL cGwf / ltgsf ;DaGwLx¿n] eGb5g\ ls
ædxf/fh Û rfx] xfd|f] ;j{:j g} lsg ghfcf];\ k/Gt' lognfO{ lgsf] kfl/lbg'xf];\ .Æ ta t ltgsf]
eg]h:tf] x'g]5 . tL w"t{ eGb5g\ æn olt ;fdfu|L Nofcf], olt blIf0ff, b]jtfsf] e]6L / u|xbfg
u/fcf] .Æ d'h'/f, d[bË, 8Dk"m, yfnL lnP/ pgsf ;fd'Ì] ahfpF5g\, ufpF5g\, kmnfSg yfNb5g\ / tL
dWo]df Pp6f kfv08L pGdQ x'Fb} gfRb}, sfFKb} / pk|Fmb} eÌ yfNb5 ls d}n] o;sf] Hofg} lnG5' Û ta
tL cGwf To; eËL, rdf/ cflbsf] klg v'§fdf kb{5g\ / eGb5g\ ætkfO{+n] h] rfxg'x'G5 ToxL lng'xf];\,
o;nfO{ arfOlbg'xf];\ .Æ ta Tof] w"t{n] eGb5 ls æd xg'dfg x"F, Nofcf] ld7fO{, t]n, l;Gb"/,
;jfdgsf] /f]6L / /ftf]–nËf]6 .Æ æd b]jL jf e}/j x"F, Nofcf] kfFr af]tn dB, aL; s'v'/f, kfFr kf7L,
ld7fO{ / j:q .Æ ha pgLx¿n] eGb5g\ ls æh] rfxG5f} ToxL n]nÆ ta Tof] ax'nfx emg gfFRg–s'b\g
yfNb5 . k/Gt' ha s'g} ljåfg\n] To;sf] e]6L kfFr nfQf], 808f jf nk]6f] xfg]df To;sf] xg'dfg\, b]jL
/ e}/j em6\ k|;Ì eP/ stf efUb5 stf, lsgeg] Tof] s]jn wgflb x/0f ug{sf] nflu k|of]hgfy{ 9f]Ë
xf] .
 lrgf–l6Kkg Pj+ gju|xx¿sf] ;dLIff -@=#_
k]ml/ ha s'g} u|xu|:t, u|x¿k, Hof]ltlj{bfef;sxfF uP/ eGb5g\ ls— æx] dxf/fh Û o;nfO{ s]
eof] <Æ ta ltgLx¿n] eGb5g\ ls æo;dfly ;"of{lb q"m/ u|x r9]sf] 5 . olb ltdLn] logsf] zflGt,
kf7, k"hf, bfg u/fof} eg] ;'vL x'g]5f}, gq eg] t c;fWo} kLl8t / dg}{ klg a]/ x'Fb}g .Æ
pQ/— eÌ'xf];\ Hof]ltlj{t\ Û h:tf] of] k[YjL h8 5 To:t} g} ;"of{lb nf]sx¿ 5g\ . ltgLx¿
tfk / k|sfzflbb]lv leÌ s]xL klg ug{ ;Sb}gg\, s] logLx¿ r]tg x'g\ < hf] qmf]lwt eP/ b'Mv /
zfGt eP/ ;'v lbg ;Sg] <
k|Zg— s] o; ;+;f/df /fhf–k|hf ;'vL–b'MvL e}/fv]sf 5g\, of] u|xsf] kmn xf]Og / <
pQ/— xf]Og, oL ;a} kfk–k'0osf] kmn xf] .
k|Zg— To;f] eP s] Hof]ltifzf:q e'm6f] xf] t <
pQ/— xf]Og, hf] To;df cÍ, aLh, /]vful0ft ljBf 5, Tof] ;fFrf] xf], h'g kmnsf] nLnf 5 Tof]
;a} e'm6f] xf] .
k|Zg— s] of] hGdkq -lrgf–l6kg_ 5 ;f] lgikmn xf] t <
pQ/— xf], Tof] …hGdkqÚ xf]Og lsGt' To;sf] gfd …zf]skqÚ /fVg'kb{5 . lsgeg] ha ;Gtfgsf]
hGd x'G5, ta ;a}nfO{ cfgGb x'G5 . k/Gt' ta;Dd x'G5 ha;Dd hGdkq ag]/ u|xx¿sf] kmn
;'Gb}gg\ . ha k'/f]lxtn] hGdkq agfpg ltgLx¿nfO{ eGb5 ta p;sf dftf, lktf k'/f]lxt;Fu
eGb5g\ ls— ædxf/fh tkfO{+n] c;fWo} /fd|f] hGdkq agfpg'xf];\Æ hf] wgf9Ø 5 eg] t y'k|} /ftf]–
kx]+nf] /]vfx¿n] lrq–ljlrq / lgw{g /x]5 eg] t ;fwf/0f /Lltaf6 hGdkq agfP/ ;'gfpg cfpF5 .
ta p;sf cfdf–a'af Hof]ltifLsf cufl8 a;]/ eGb5g\ ls æo;sf] hGdkq t /fd|f] 5 lg <Æ
Hof]ltifLn] eGb5 æh:tf] 5 To:t} d ;'gfOlbG5', o;sf] hGdu|x Psbd} /fd|f] 5 / ldq u|x klg /fd|f]
5, h;sf] kmn wgf9Ø / k|lti7fjfg\, h'g ;efdf uP/ a:g]5 ;a}dfly o;sf] t]h kg]{5, z/L/df
cf/f]Uo / /fHodfGo klg x'g]5 .Æ OToflb s'/fx¿ ;'g]/ lktf cflb eGb5g\ æjfx–jfx Hof]ltifLhL Û
tkfO{ c;fWo} c;n x'g'x'G5 .Æ Hof]ltifLn] ljrfb{5 ls oL s'/fn] sfo{ l;4 gxf]nfh:tf] 5 . ta
Hof]ltifL eGb5 ls æoL u|x t Psbd} /fd|f x'g\ k/Gt' of] u|xrflx+ q"m/ xf] . cyf{t\ kmnfgf]–kmnfgf]
u|xsf] of]un] *cf}+ jif{df o;sf] d[To'of]u 5 .Æ o; s'/fnfO{ ;'g]kl5 dftf lktflb k'qsf] hGdsf]
cfgGbnfO{ la;]{/ zf]s;fu/df 8'a]/ Hof]ltifL;Fu eGb5g\ ls ædxf/fh Û ca xfdLn] s] u/f}+ <Æ ta
Hof]ltifLn] eGb5g\ æpkfo u/ .Æ u[x:yn] ;f]w]— æs] pkfo ug]{ <Æ Hof]ltifLn] eGb5 ls æo:tf]–o:tf]
bfg u/, u|xsf] dGqsf] hfk u/fpm / lgTo a|fXd0fnfO{ ef]hg u/fof} eg] cg'dfg 5 ls gju|xx¿sf]
lj£g x6\g]5 . cg'dfg zAb o;sf] nflu xf] ls olb dl/xfNof] eg] t eÌ] ls xfdLn] s] u/f}+,
k/d]Zj/b]lv dfly sf]xL klg 5}g, xfdLn] t y'k|} oTg u¥of}+ / ltdLn] klg u/fof}, To;sf] sd{ g} o:t}
lyof] . olb ar]sf] v08df eGb5g\ ls, x]/ xfd|f] dGq, b]jtf / a|fXd0fsf] zlQm s:tf] 5 Û ltd|f]
5f]/fnfO{ arfOlbof] . oxfF of] s'/f x'g'kb{5 ls hf] logsf] hk, kf7n] s]xL gePdf b'O{u'0 ff–tLgu'0ff
?k}ofF tL w"t{x¿;Fuaf6 lng'kb{5 / ar]sf] v08df klg lng'kb{5 . lsgeg] h:tf] HofltifLn] eGof] ls
æo;sf] sd{ / k/d]Zj/sf] lgod tf]8\gsf] nflu s;}sf] klg ;fdYo{ 5}gÆ, o:t} u[x:yn] klg egf];\
ls æof] cfˆgf] sd{ / k/d]Zj/sf] lgodaf6 ar]sf] xf] ltdLn] ugf{n] xf]Og .Æ ca t];|f u'? cflbn]
klg k'0o–bfg u/fP/ cfk}m lnG5g\ ltgnfO{ klg ToxLvfnsf] pQ/ lbg'kb{5, h'g Hof]ltifLnfO{ lbOPsf]
lyof] .
ca /Xof] zLtnf / dGq–tGq cflb . logLx¿n] klg o:t}vfnsf] 9f]Ë drfpFb5g\ . s;}n]
eGb5g\ ls æh'g xfdLn] dGq k9]/ 8f]/f] of oGq–hGt/ agfof}+ eg] t xfd|f b]jtf / k|]tfTdf To;
dGq–oGq–hGt/sf] k|tfkn] To;nfO{ s'g} jfwf–lj£g x'g lb+b}gg\ .Æ ltgnfO{ klg ToxL pQ/ lbg'kb{5
ls s] ltdL d[To', k/d]Zj/sf] lgod / sd{kmnb]lv klg arfpg ;Sb5f} / < ltdLn] o:tf] ubf{df klg
slt aRrfx¿ d/]/ uPsf 5g\ / ltd|f] 3/df klg db{5g\ / s] ltdL klg d/0fb]lv aRg ;Sb5f} / <
Toltj]nf ltgn] s]xL af]Ng ;Sg] 5}gg\ tL w"t{n] a'‰g] 5g\ ls ca oxfF xfd|f] s]xL jz rNg] 5}g .
o;af6 oL ;a} ldYof Jojxf/x¿nfO{ 5f]8]/ wfld{s, ;a b]zsf] pksf/stf{, lgisk6tfaf6
;a}nfO{ ljBf k9fpg], pQd ljåfg\ hgx¿sf] k|To'ksf/ ug'{, h;/L pgLx¿n] hut\sf] pksf/ ub{5g\,
o; sfdnfO{ slxNo} klg 5f]8\g' x'Fb}g / hlt nLnf, /;fog, df/0f, df]xg, pRrf6g, jzLs/0f cflb
ub{5g\, ltgLx¿nfO{ klg dxfkfd/ ;Demg'kb{5 . OToflb ldYof s'/fx¿sf] pkb]z afNoj:yfdf g}
cfˆgf ;Gtfgsf] Åbodf xflnlbg'kb{5 . h;af6 :j;Gtfg s;}sf] e|dhfndf k/]/ b'Mv kfpg]5}gg\ /
jLo{sf] /Iffdf cfgGb / gfz ug{df b'Mv k|flKt x'g] s'/f klg hgfOlbg'kb{5 . h:tf] æx]/ Û h;sf]
z/L/df ;'/lIft jLo{ /xG5 ta p;sf] cf/f]Uo, a'l4, an, k/fqmd a9]/ y'k|} ;'vx¿ k|fKt x'G5g\ .
o;sf] /If0fsf] oxL /Llt xf] ls ljifox¿sf] syf, ljifoL hgx¿sf] ;Ë, ljifox¿sf] Wofg, :qLsf]
bz{g\, PsfGt;]jg, ;Defif0f / :kz{ cflb sd{af6 a|Xdrf/L hg k[ys\ /x]/ pQd lzIff, k"0f{
ljBfnfO{ k|fKt ub{5g\ . o;/L g} ltdLn] pQd lzIff / k"0f{ ljBfnfO{ k|fKt u/ . h;sf] z/L/df jLo{
x'Fb}g Tof] gk'+;s, dxfs'nIf0fL / h;nfO{ k|d]x /f]u x'G5 tyf b'a{n, lg:t]h, lga'l4{, pT;fx, ;fx;,
w}o{, an, k/fqmdflb u'0fx¿b]lx /lxt eP/ gi6 x'g hfG5 . olb ltdL ;'lzIff, ljBfsf] u|x0f /
jLo{sf] /Iff ug{df o; ;dodf r'Sof} eg] t k'gM o; hGddf ltdLnfO{ of] cd"No ;do k|fKt x'g
;Sb}g . ha;Dd xfdL u[xsd{nfO{ ug]{jfnfx¿ afFRb5f}+, ta;Dd ltdLn] ljBf–u|x0f / z/L/sf] an
a9fpg'kb{5 .Æ
o; k|sf/sf] cGo lzIff klg dftf / lktfn] u¿g\, o;}n] …dft[dfg\ lkt[dfg\Ú zAbsf] u|x0f
pQm jrgdf ul/Psf] 5 . cyf{t\ hGdb]lv kfFrf} jif{;Dd cfdfn], 5}6f}+ b]lv cf7f}+ jif{;Dd lktfn]
lzIff u¿g\ / gjf}+ jif{sf] cf/Dedf låh cfˆgf] ;Gtfgsf] pkgog u/]/ cfrfo{s'ndf cyf{t\ hxfF k"0f{
ljåfg\ / k"0f{ ljb"ifL :qL lzIff / ljBfbfg u/fpFb5g\, ToxfF s]6f / s]6Lx¿nfO{ k7fOlbg' . z"b|flb
j0f{n] pkgog gul/sg} ljBfEof;sf] nflu u'?s'ndf k7fOlbg' . ltg}sf ;Gtfg ljåfg\, ;Eo /
;'lzlIft x'G5g\, h;n] k9fpgdf nf8\Kof/ slxNo} ub}{gg\ lsGt' tf8gf g} ul//fVb5g\ . o;df
Jofs/0f dxfefiosf] k|df0f 5 ls—
;fd[t}M kfl0fle£g{lGt u'/jf] ljiff]lIft}M . nfngf>lo0ff] bf]iff:tf8gf>lo0ff] u'0ffM ..
—Jofs/0f dxfefio -*÷!÷*_ ..
cy{— hf] dftf, lktf / cfrfo{ ;Gtfg / lziox¿nfO{ tf8gf ub{5g\, of] a'em ls ltgLx¿n]
cfˆgf ;Gtfg / lzionfO{ cfˆgf] xftn] cd[t lknfpFb}5g\, / h;n] ;Gtfgx¿ jf lziox¿nfO{
nf8\Kof/ ub{5g\ ltgLx¿n] cfˆgf ;Gtfgx¿ jf lziox¿nfO{ ljif lknfP/ gi6–e|i6 ub{5g\ . lsgeg]
nf8gn] ;Gtfg / lzio bf]ifo'Qm tyf tf8gfn] u'0fo'Qm x'G5g\ / ;Gtfg / lziox¿klg tf8gfn] k|;Ì
/ nf8gfn] ck|;Ì ;bf /xg] u¿g\ . k/Gt' dftf, lktf tyf cWofksx¿ O{iof{, å]ifn] tf8g gu¿g\
lsGt' dflyaf6 eo–k|bfg / leqaf6 s[kfb[li6 /fv"g\ .
h:tf] cGo lzIffsf], To:t} rf]/L, hf/L, cfn:o, k|dfb, dfbsb|Jo, ldYofefif0f, lx+;f, q"m/tf,
O{iof{, å]if, df]x cflb bf]ifx¿nfO{ 5f]8\g] / ;Tofrf/nfO{ u|x0f ug]{ lzIff u¿g\ . lsgeg] h'g k'?ifn]
h;sf] ;fd'Ì] Ps k6s rf]/L, hf/L, ldYofefif0fflb sd{ u¥of], p;sf] k|lti7f To;sf] ;fd'Ì]
d[To'ko{Gt x'Fb}g . h:tf] xflg k|lt1f ldYof ug]{jfnfsf] x'G5, To:t} cGo s;}sf] x'Fb}g . o;}n] hf];Fu
h:tf] k|lt1f ul/G5, To;nfO{ To;/L g} k"/f ug'{kb{5, cyf{t\ h:t} s;}n] s;};Fu eGof] ls æd
ltdL;Fu cyjf ltdL d;Fu cd's ;dodf ldNg]5' jf ldNg' cyjf cd's j:t' cd's ;dodf d}n]
ltdLnfO{ lbG5'Æ o;nfO{ To;/L g} k"/f u/f];\, gqeg] p;sf] k|tLlt s;}n] klg ug]{5}gg\ . o;}n] ;bf
;Tok|lt1fo'Qm ;a}n] x'g'kb{5 . s;}n] cledfg ug'{ /fd|f] xf]Og, lsgeg] …cledfgM l>o+ xlGtÚ of] s'g}
sljsf] jrg xf] . h'g cledfg cyf{t\ cxÍf/ xf], To;n] ;a} zf]ef / nIdLsf] gfz ul/lbG5, To;}
cledfg ug'{x'Fb}g .
5n, sk6, jf s[t£gtfn] cfˆg} Åbo g} b'Mlvt x'G5 eg] bf];|fsf] s] syf eÌ' < 5n / sk6
To;nfO{ eGb5g\ hf] leq cs}{ / aflx/ cs}{ ub{5, c¿nfO{ df]xdf kf/]/ csf{sf] xflgdf Wofg glb+b}
:jk|of]hg l;4 ub{5 . s[t£gtf To;nfO{ eGb5g\ ls s;}n] ul/lbPsf] pksf/nfO{ gdfÌ] . qmf]wflb
bf]if / s6' jrgnfO{ 5f]8]/ zfGt / dw'/ jrg g} af]nf];\ / w]/} s'/f gu/f];\ . hlt af]Ng'kb{5
To;eGbf Go"g jf clws gaf]nf];\ . 7"nfnfO{ cfb/ u/f];\, cfk"m p7]/ pgLx¿nfO{ pRrf;gdf /fvf];\ .
k|yd gd:t] egf];\ . pgLx¿sf] ;fd'Ì] pQdf;gdf ga;f];\ . ;efdf To:tf] :yfgdf a;f];\ hxfF
cfˆgf] of]Uotf xf];\ / bf];|f] s;}n] cfk"mnfO{ gp7fpmg\ . s;};Fu lj/f]w gul/sg k|;Ì x'Fb} u'0fx¿sf]
u|x0f / bf]ifx¿sf] Tofu u/ . ;Hhgx¿sf] ;Ë / b'i6x¿sf] Tofu ub}{ cfˆgf dftf, lktf / cfrfo{sf]
tg, dgn] ;]jf u/f];\ .
ofGo:dfsœ ;'rl/tflg tflg Tjof]kf:oflg gf] Ot/fl0f ..
—of] t}lQ/Lof]klgifb\ -!÷!!_ sf] jrg xf] ..
 o;sf] of] clek|fo xf] ls dftf, lktf, cfrfo{ cfˆgf] ;Gtfg / lziox¿nfO{ ;bf ;To pkb]z
u¿g\ / of] klg eg"g\ ls h'g–h'g xfd|f] wd{o'Qm sd{ 5g\, ltg–ltgsf] u|x0f u/ / hf]–hf] b'i6 sd{
5g\, ltg–ltgnfO{ Toflulbg] u/ . h]–h]nfO{ ;To hfGb5f} To;–To;sf] k|sfz / k|rf/ u/ . s'g}
kfv08L, b'i6frf/L dg'iodfly ljZjf; gu/ / h'g–h'g pQd sd{sf] nflu dftf–lktf / cfrfo{n]
cf1f lbG5g\ To;–To;sf] kfng u/f];\ . h;/L dftf–lktfn] wd{, ljBf, /fd|f] cfr/0fsf] Znf]s,
…lg306'Ú, …lg?QmÚ, …ci6fWofoLÚ, cyjf cGo ;"q jf j]bdGq s07:y u/fPsf x'g\, tL–tL nfO{ k'gM cy{
ljBfyL{x¿nfO{ ljlbt u/fOlbg] ug'{ . h;/L k|yd ;d'Nnf;df k/d]Zj/sf] JofVofg ul/Psf] 5, To;/L
g} dfg]/ p;sf] pkf;gf u/f];\ . h'g k|sf/n] cf/f]Uo, ljBf / an k|fKt xf];\ p;} k|sf/n] ef]hg,
5fbg / Jojxf/ ug'{–u/fpg' cyf{t\ hlt If'wf xf];\ To;eGbf s]xL Go"g ef]hg u/f];\ . dB–df+;flbsf]
;]jgb]lv cnu /xf];\ . c1ft uDeL/ hndf k|j]z gu/f];\, lsgeg] hn–hGt' jf cGo s'g} kbfy{af6
b'Mv / h;n] kf}l8g hfGb}g eg] 8'Ag klg ;Sb5 .
gjflj1ft] hnfzo] . —of] dg':d[lt -cWofo $÷Znf]s !@(_ sf] jrg xf] ..
clj1ft hnfzodf k|lji6 eP/ :gfgflb gu/f];\ .
b[li6k"t+ Go;]Tkfb+, j:qk"t+ hn+ lka]t\ . ;Tok"tf+ jb]åfr+, dgMk"t+ ;dfr/]t\ ..
—of] dg':d[lt -cWofo ^÷Znf]s $^_ sf] jrg xf] ..
cy{— b[li6nfO{ tn /fVb} tn–dflysf] :yfgnfO{ x]b}{ lx+8f];\, j:qn] 5fFg]/ hn lkof];\, ;Ton]
kljq u/]/ jrg af]nf];\, dgn] ljrf/ u/]/ cfr/0f u/f];\ .
dftf zq'M lktf j}/L, o]g afnf] g kfl7tM . g zf]et] ;efdWo], x+;dWo] asf] oyf ..
—of] s'g} sljsf] jrg xf] -rf0fSogLlt @÷!! _ ..
tL dftf / lktf cfˆgf ;Gtfgx¿sf k"0f{ zq' x'g\ ls h;n] ltgnfO{ ljBf k|flKt gu/fO{, tL
ljåfg\x¿sf] ;efdf To;/L g} lt/:s[t / s'zf]let x'G5g\ h;/L x+;sf] ayfgdf as'Nnf] . oxL dftf–
lktfsf] st{Josd{, k/dwd{ / sLlt{sf] sfd xf] ls hf] cfˆgf] ;GtfgnfO{ tg, dg, wgn] ljBf, wd{,
;Eotf / pQd lzIffo'Qm agfpg' . of] afnlzIffdf yf]/} dfq n]v]+, oltaf6 g} a'l4dfg\ hgx¿n] w]/}
a'‰g]5g\ .

Olt >Ld2ofgGb;/:jtL:jflds[t] ;Tofy{k|sfz]

;'efifflje"lift] afnlzIffljifo]
låtLoM ;d'Nnf;M ;Dk"0f{M ..@..

 -#_ t];|f] ;d'Nnf;
cWoog–cWofkgsf] ljifo -#=!_
ca t];|f] ;d'Nnf;df k9\g–k9fpgsf] nflu k|sf/ n]lvG5 . ;Gtfgx¿nfO{ pQd ljBf, lzIff,
u'0f, sd{ / :jefj¿k cfe"if0fx¿nfO{ wf/0f u/fpg' dftf, lktf, cfrfo{ / ;DaGwLx¿sf] d'Vo sd{
xf] . ;'g, rfFbL, xL/f, dfl0fs, df]tL, d'+uf cflb /Tgx¿n] o'Qm cfe"if0fx¿ wf/0f ugf{n] dg'iosf]
cfTdf ;'e"lift slxNo} x'g ;Sb}g . lsgeg] cfe"if0f wf/0f ugf{n] s]jn b]xfledfg, ljifof;lQm / rf]/
cflbsf] eo tyf d[To'sf] klg ;Dej x'G5 . ;+;f/df b]lvg cfpF5 ls cfe"if0fsf] of]un]
afnsflbx¿sf] d[To' b'i6x¿sf] xftaf6 x'g] ub{5 .
ljBfljnf;dg;f] w[tzLnlzIffMÙ ;Toj|tf /lxtdfgdnfkxf/M .
;+;f/b'Mvbng]g ;'e"liftf o], wGof g/f ljlxtsd{k/f]ksf/fM ..
h'g k'?ifx¿sf] dg ljBfsf] ljnf;df tTk/ /xG5Ù ;'Gb/ zLn:jefjo'QmÙ ;Toefif0fflb
lgodkfngo'QmÙ / hf] cledfg, ckljqtfb]lv /lxt, cGosf] dlngtfsf] gfzsÙ ;Tof]kb]z, ljBfbfgn]
;+;f/L–hgx¿sf] b'Mv b"/ ugf{n] ;'e"lift, j]bljlxt sd{af6 k/fO{sf] pksf/ ug{df tTk/ /xG5g\, tL
g/ / gf/L wGo 5g\ . lagf o;n] s;}sf] klg zf]ef x'Fb}g .
o;}n] cf7 jif{sf ePkl5 s]6fnfO{ s]6fsf] / s]6LnfO{ s]6Lsf] kf7zfnfdf k7fOlbg] ug'{ . hf]
cWofks, k'?if jf :qL b'i6frf/L 5g\ eg], ltgaf6 lzIff glbnfpg' . lsGt' hf] k"0f{ljBfo'Qm wfld{s
5g\ ltg}nfO{ k9fpg] / lzIff lbgdf of]Uo x'G5g\ . låh cfˆgf] 3/df s]6fx¿sf] o1f]kjLt /
sGofx¿sf] klg oyfof]Uo ;+:sf/ u/]/ oyf]Qm cfrfo{s'n cyf{t\ cfˆgf]–cfˆgf] kf7zfnfdf k7fOlbg' .
ljBf k9\g] :yfg PsfGt b]zdf x'g' kb{5 / tL s]6f / s]6Lx¿sf] kf7zfnf b'O{ sf]; Ps–csf{af6
6f9f x'g'kb{5 . hf] ToxfF cWoflksf / cWofks k'?if jf gf]s/–rfs/ x'G5g\ ltgLx¿ sGofx¿sf]
kf7zfnfdf :qL / s]6fx¿sf] kf7zfnfdf k'?if /xg'kb{5 . :qLx¿sf] kf7zfnfdf kfFr jif{sf] s]6f /
s]6fx¿sf] kf7zfnfdf kfFr jif{sL s]6L klg hfg lbg'x'Fb}g cyf{t\ ha;Dd a|Xdrf/L jf a|Xdrfl/0fL
/x"g\, ta;Dd :qL jf k'?ifsf] bz{g, :kz{g, PsfGt;]jg, efif0f, ljifosyf, k/:k/qmL8f, ljifosf]
Wofg / ;Ë oL cf7} k|sf/sf] d}y'gx¿b]lv cnu} /x"g\ / cWofksx¿n] ltgnfO{ oL s'/fx¿af6
arfpg] ug'{, h;af6 pQd ljBf, lzIff, zLn–:jefj, z/L/ / cfTdfb]lv ano'Qm x'g'sf] cfgGbnfO{
lgTo a9fpg ;s"g\ . kf7zfnfb]lv Ps of]hg cyf{t\ rf/ sf]; b"/ u|fd jf gu/ /xf];\ . ;asf] t'No
j:q, vfg, kfg, cf;g lbOof];\, rfx] ltgLx¿ /fhs'df/ / /fhs'df/L g} lsg gx"g\, rfx] b'MvL–
bl/b|sf ;Gtfg x'g\, ;a} tk:jL x'g'kb{5 . ltgsf dftf–lktf cfˆgf ;Gtfg;Fu jf ;Gtfg cfˆgf
dftf–lktf;Fu ldNg g;s"g\ / s'g} k|sf/sf] kq Jojxf/ g} Ps–csf{n] rnfpg ;s"g\, h;af6 ;+;f/L
lrGtfn] /lxt eP/ s]jn ljBf k9fpgdf g} tlNng /x"g\ . ha e|d0f ug{ hfG5g\ t ;fydf cWofks
/x"g\, h;n] ubf{ s'g} k|sf/sf] s'r]i6f ug{ g;s"g\ / g t cfn:o k|dfb g} ug{ ;s"g\ .
sGofgf+ ;Dk|bfg+ r s'df/f0ff+ r /If0fd\ .. —dg':d[lt -cWofo &÷Znf]s !%@_ ..
o;sf] clek|fo of] xf] ls o;df /fhlgod / hfltlgod x'g'kb{5 ls kfFrf}+ cyjf cf7f}+ jif{b]lv
cufl8 cfˆgf s]6f–s]6LnfO{ 3/df g/flvsg kf7zfnfdf cjZo k7fOlbg] ug'{, h;n] k7fpFb}gg\ tL
b08gLo x'g\ . k|yd s]6fsf] o1f]kjLt 3/df xf];\ / bf];|f] kf7zfnfdf cfrfo{s'ndf xf];\ . lktf, dftf
jf cWofksn] cfˆgf s]6f–s]6LnfO{ cy{;lxt ufoqL dGqsf] pkb]z ul/lbg] . dGq o; k|sf/ 5—
u'?dGqsf] JofVof -#=@_
Aae3m! -U-uRv/> Sv/> , tTs?iv/tuvRre?{y</ -geRa? de/vSy? xImih , ixyae/ yae n?> àcae/dya?t! .
—oh'j]{b -cWofo #^÷dGq #_ ..
o; dGqdf h'g k|yd cf]Íf/ 5, o;sf] cy{ k|yd;d'Nnf;df ul/;lsPsf] 5, ToxL+ x]/]/
a'‰g'xf];\ . ca tLg dxfJofÅltx¿sf] cy{ ;+If]kdf n]Vb5'— …e"l/lt j} k|f0fMÚ …oM k|f0folt r/f˜r/+
hut\ ; e"M :joDe"/LZj/MÚ h'g ;a hut\sf] hLjgsf] cfwf/, k|f0f eGbf klg lk|o / :joDe" xf] p;
k|f0fsf] jfrs x'gfn] …e"MÚ k/d]Zj/sf] gfd xf] . …e'jl/TokfgMÚ …oM ;j{+ b'Mvdkfgolt ;f]˜kfgMÚ hf] ;a}
b'Mvb]lv /lxt, h;sf] ;Ën] hLjsf] ;a} b'Mvx¿ 5'6]/ hfG5g\, o;}n] k/d]Zj/sf] gfd …e'jMÚ xf] .
…:jl/lt JofgMÚ …of] ljljw+ hub\ Jofgolt JofKgf]lt ; JofgMÚ hf] gfgfljw hut\df Jofks eP/
;a}nfO{ wf/0f ul//x]sf] 5, o;}n] k/d]Zj/sf] gfd …:jMÚ xf] . oL tLg} jrg t}lQ/Lo cf/0os -k|kf7s
&÷cg'jfs %_ sf x'g\ .
-;ljt'M_ …oM ;'gf]To'Tkfbolt ;j{+ hut\ ; ;ljtf t:oÚ hf] ;a hut\sf pTkfbs / ;a
P]Zjo{sf bftf x'g\ -b]j:o_ …of] bLJolt bLJot] jf ; b]jMÚ h;n] ;a} ;'v lbG5g\ / h;sf] k|flKtsf]
sfdgf ;a}n] ub{5g\ pg} k/dfTdfsf] h'g -j/]0od\_ …jQ'{dx{d\Ú :jLsf/ ug{ of]Uo clt>]i7 -eu{M_
…z'4:j¿kd\Ú z'4:j¿k / kljq u/fpg] r]tg a|Xd:j¿k xf] -tt\_ pg} k/dfTdfsf] :j¿ksf] xfdLx¿
-wLdlx_ …w/]dlxÚ wf/0f u/f}+ . s'g k|of]hgsf] nflu eg] -oM_ hf] ;ljtf b]j k/dfTdf -gM_ xfd|f] -lwoM_
a'l4x¿nfO{ -k|rf]boft\_ k|]/0ff u¿g\ cyf{t\ g/fd|f] sfdaf6 5'6fP/ /fd|f sfdx¿df k|j[Q u¿g\ .
…x] k/d]Zj/ Û x] ;lRrbfgGbfgGt:j¿k Û x] lgToz'4a'4d'Qm:jefj Û x] s[kflgw] Gofosfl/g\ Û x]
ch lg/~hg lglj{sf/ Û x] ;jf{Gtof{ldg\ Û x] ;jf{wf/ ;j{–huTkltM ;snhub'Tkfbs Û x] cgfb]
ljZjDe/ ;j{Joflkg\ Û x] s?0ffd[tjfl/w] Û ;ljt'b]{j:o tj obf]+ e"e'{jM :jj{/]0o+ euf]{˜l:t tåo+ wLdlx
bwLdlx w/d]lx Wofo]d jf . s:d} k|of]hgfo]Toqfx– x] eujg\ Û oM ;ljtf b]jM k/d]Zj/f] ejfg:dfs+
lwoM k|rf]boft\, ; Pjf:dfs+ k"Ho pkf;gLo Oi6b]jf] ejt' . gftf]˜Goå:t' ejQ'No+ ejtf]˜lws+ r
sl~rt\ sbflrGdGofdx] .Ú
x] dg'iox¿ xf] Û ;a} ;dy{x¿df ;dy{Ù ;lRrbfgGbfgGt:j¿kÙ lgTo z'4–lgToa'4–
lgTod'Qm:jefjjfnfÙ s[kf;fu/, 7Ls–7Ls Gofo u/fpg]jfnfÙ hGdd/0fflb Sn]z/lxt, cfsf/ ljsf/
/lxt, ;a}sf] 36–36nfO{ hfÌ]jfnf, ;asf wtf{, lktf, pTkfbsÙ cgflb, ljZjsf] kf]if0f ug]{jfnf,
;j{JofksÙ ;sn P]Zjo{o'Qm,hut\sf lgdf{tf, z'4:j¿k / h'g k|flKtsf] sfdgf ug{ of]Uo x'g\, pg}
k/dfTdfsf] h'g z'4 r]tg:j¿k xf], To;}nfO{ xfdLn] wf/0f u/f}+ . o; k|of]hgsf] nflu pg} k/d]Zj/
xfd|f] cfTdf / a'l4nfO{ cGtof{dL:j¿k xfdLnfO{ b'i6frf/ cwd{o'Qm dfu{b]lv x6fP/ >]i7frf/
;Todfu{df lx+8fpmg\, pgnfO{ 5f]8]/ bf];|f] s'g} j:t'sf] Wofg xfdLx¿n] gu/f}+ . lsgeg] g sf]xL pgsf]
t'No / clws 5g\ . pg} xfd|f lktf, /fhf, GofofwLz / ;a} ;'v k|bfg ug]{jfnf x'g\ .
o; k|sf/ ufoqL dGqsf] pkb]z u/]/ ;GWof]kf;gfsf] h'g :gfg, cfrdg, k|f0ffofd cflb
lqmof 5g\, l;sfpg' . k|yd :gfg o;dfg]df xf] ls h;af6 z/L/sf] afXo cjojx¿sf] z'l4, cf/f]Uo
cflb x'G5 . o;df k|df0f—
cb\leuf{qfl0f z'WolGt, dgM ;To]g z'Wolt . ljBftkf]Eof+ e"tfTdf, a'l41f{g]g z'Wolt ..
—of] dg':d[ltsf] -%÷!)(_ jrg xf] ..
hnn] z/L/sf] aflx/L cjojÙ ;Tofrf/n] dgÙ ljBf / tk cyf{t \ ;a} k|sf/sf] si6 klg ;x]/,
wd{sf] g} cg'i7fg ugf{n] hLjfTdfÙ 1fg cyf{t\ k[YjLb]lv lnP/ k/d]Zj/ ko{Gt kbfy{x¿sf] ljj]sn]
a'l4 cyf{t\ b[9lgZro kljq x'G5 . o;}n] :gfg ef]hgsf] k"j{ cjZo ug'{ kb{5 .
k|f0ffofdsf] af/]df lzIff -#=#_
bf];|f] k|0ffofd, o;df k|df0f—
k|f0ffofdfbz'l4Ifo] 1fgbLlKt/fljj]sVoft]M .. —of] of]uzf:q ;"q -@÷@*_ sf] jrg xf] ..
ha dg'ion] k|f0ffofd ub{5 ta k|ltIf0f pQ/f]Q/ sfndf cz'l4sf] gfz / 1fgsf] k|sfz x'Fb}
hfG5 . ha;Dd d'lQm x'Fb}g ta;Dd p;sf] cfTdfsf] 1fg a/fa/ a9\b} hfG5 .
bXoGt] Wdfodfgfgf+ wft"gf+ r oyf dnfM . ty]lGb|of0ff+ bXoGt] bf]iffM k|f0f:o lgu|xft\ ..
—of] dg':d[ltsf] -^÷&!_ Znf]s xf] ..
h;/L clUgdf tkfpgfn] ;'j0ff{lb wft'x¿sf] dn gi6 eP/ z'4 x'G5g\, To;/L g} k|f0ffofd
u/]/ dg cflb OlGb|ox¿sf] bf]if IfL0f eP/ lgd{n x'g hfG5 .
k|f0ffofdsf] ljlw—
k|R5b{gljwf/0ffEof+ jf k|f0f:o . —of] of]uzf:q ;"q -!÷#$_ sf] jrg xf] ..
h;/L cToGt j]un] jdg eP/ cÌ aflx/ lg:sG5, To;}u/L k|f0fnfO{ aflx/ ˆofFs]/ aflx/ g}
oyfzlQmn] /f]lslbg' . ha aflx/ lgsfNg rfx]df, ta d"n]lGb|onfO{ dfly lvr]/, jfo'nfO{ aflx/
ˆofFlslbg' . ha;Dd d"n]lGb|onfO{ dfly lvlr/flvG5, ta;Dd k|f0f aflx/ /xG5 . Pj+ k|sf/n] k|f0f
aflx/ clws /f]lsg ;Sb5 . ha 3a/fx6 x'G5 ta ;':t/L–;':t/L leq jfo'nfO{ ln+b} k]ml/ klg To;}
ub}{ hfg], hlt ;fdYo{ / OR5f x'G5, / dgdf …cf]#d\Ú o;sf] hk ub}{ hfg] . o; k|sf/n] cfTdf /
dgsf], kljqtf / l:y/tf x'G5 .
 Ps …afXoljifoÚ cyf{t\ aflx/ g} k|f0fnfO{ clws /f]Sg' . bf];|f] …cfEofGt/Ú cyf{t\ hlt k|f0fnfO{
leq /f]Sg ;lsG5 Tolt g} /f]Sg] . t];|f] …:tDej[lQÚ cyf{t\ Psbd hxfF–sf]–txL+ k|f0fnfO{ oyfzlQm
/f]lslbg' . …afXofEoGt/fIf]kLÚ cyf{t\ ha k|f0f leqaf6 aflx/ lgl:sg nfUb5 ta To;sf] lj?4
To;nfO{ lglSng glbOsg aflx/af6 leq lng] / ha aflx/af6 leq cfpg nfUb5 ta aflx/lt/
k|f0fnfO{ wSsf lbP/ /f]Sb} hfg] . o;/L Ps–bf];|fsf] lj?4 lqmof ub}{ uof}+ eg] t b'O6}sf] ult /f]lsP/
k|f0f cfˆgf] jzdf x'gfn] dg / OlGb|ox¿ klg :jfwLg x'G5g\ . an k'?iffy{ a9]/ a'l4 tLj| ;"Id¿k
x'g hfG5 ls h'g w]/} sl7g / ;"Id ljifonfO{ klg u|x0f ub{5 . o;af6 dg'io z/L/df jLo{ j[l4sf]
k|fKt eP/ l:y/ an, k/fqmd, lht]lGb|otf, ;a} zf:qx¿nfO{ yf]/} sfndf g} ;De]m/–a'e]m/ pkl:yt
ub{5 . :qLn] klg o;} k|sf/n] of]ufEof; ug]{ u¿g\ . ef]hg–5fbg, a:g]–p7\g], af]Ng]–rfNg], 7"nf–
;fgfl;t oyfof]Uo Jojxf/ ug]{h:tf s'/fsf] pkb]z ug]{ .
;GWof–clUgxf]qsf] ljifodf pkb]z -#=$_
;GWof]kf;g, h;nfO{ a|Xdo1 klg eGb5g\ . …cfrdgÚ Tolt g} hnnfO{ xTs]nfdf lnP/,
k~hfsf] d"n / dWob]zdf cf]i7 nufP/ ug]{ ls Tof] hn s07sf] tn Åbo;Dd k'uf];\, g To;sf]
clws, g Go"g . To;af6 s07:y skm / lkQsf] lgj[lQ clnslt x'G5 . kZrft\ …dfh{gÚ cyf{t\
dWodf / cgfldsf cf}+nfsf] cu|efun] g]qflb cËx¿df hn 5ls{g], To;af6 cfn:o b"/ x'G5 . hf]
cfn:o / hn k|fKt gePdf gubf{ x'G5 . k'gM ;dGqs k|f0ffofd, dg;fkl/qmd0f, pk:yfg . kl5
k/d]Zj/sf] :t'lt, k|fy{gf / pkf;gfsf] /Llt l;sfpg] . kZrft\ …c3dif{0fÚ cyf{t\ kfk ug{] OR5f klg
slxNo} gu/f];\ . of] ;GWof]kf;g PsfGt b]zdf Psfu|lrQn] u/f];\ .
ckf+ ;dLk] lgotf] g}Tos+ ljlwdfl:ytM . ;fljqLdKowLoLt uTjf/0o+ ;dflxtM ..
—of] dg':d[lt -cWofo @÷Znf]s !)$_ sf] jrg xf] ..
jgdf cyf{t\ PsfGt b]zdf uP/, ;fjwfg x'Fb}, hnsf] ;dLk l:yt eP/, lgTo sd{nfO{ ub}{
;fljqL cyf{t\ ufoqL dGqsf] pRrf/0f, cy{1fg / To;sf] cg';f/ cfˆgf]–rfn–rngnfO{ u/f];\ .
k/Gt' of] hk dgn] ug'{ pQd xf] .
o1kfq agfpg] ljlw Pj+ xf]dgsf] kmn -#=%_
bf];|f] b]jo1— hf] clUgxf]q, ljåfg\x¿sf] ;Ë ;]jflbaf6 x'G5 . ;GWof / clUgxf]q ;fo+–k|ftM
b'O6} sfndf dfq u/f];\ . b'O6} dfq /ft–lbgsf ;lGwj]nf x'G5g\, cGo xf]Og . yf]/}df klg Ps 306f
Wofg cjZo u/f];\ . h;/L ;dflw:y eP/ of]uLx¿n] k/dfTdfsf] Wofg ub{5g\, To;/L g} ;GWof]kf;g
klg ug]{ u/f];\ . bf];|f] clUgxf]q sd{–b'j} ;lGwj]nf cyf{t\ ;"of]{bosf] kZrft\ / ;"of{:tsf] k"j{ clUgxf]q
ug{sf] nflu ;do xf] . Pp6f s'g} wft' jf df6f]sf], dfly !@ jf !^ c+u'n rf}sf]0f,
Tolt g} ulx/f] / tn # jf $ c+u'n kl/df0fn] j]bL o; k|sf/;Fu agfcf];\ ls cyf{t\
dfly hlt rf}8f x'G5 To;sf] rt'yf{+z tn rf}8f xf];\ . To;df rGbg, knfz jf
cfd|flbsf] >]i7 sfi7x¿sf] 6'qmf To;} j]bLsf] kl/df0fn] ;fgf]–7"nf] u/]/ /fvf];\, To;sf]
dWodf clUg /fv]/ k'gM To;dfly ;ldwf cyf{t\ k"jf]{Qm OGwg /flvb]cf];\ . Ps k|f]If0fLkfq
o:tf] / t];|f] k|0fLtfkfq o; k|sf/sf], / Ps o; k|sf/sf]
cfHo:yfnL cyf{t\ 3[t /fVgsf] nflu kfq, / Ps rd;f o:tf] ;'g, rfFbL jf sfi7sf]
agfP/ k|0fLtf / k|f]If0fLdf hn tyf 3[tkfqdf 3[t /fv]/, 3[tnfO{ tkfcf];\ . k|0fLtf hn /fVg] /
k|f]If0fL o;sf] nflu xf] ls To;af6 xft w'g] hn lngsf] nflu ;'ud x'G5 . kZrft\ To; 3[tnfO{
/fd|f];Fu x]/f];\, x]/]kl5—
cf]+ e"/Ugo] k|f0ffo :jfxf . e'jjf{oj]˜kfgfo :jfxf . :j/flbTofo Jofgfo :jfxf .
e"e'{jM :j/lUgjføjflbTo]EoM k|f0ffkfgJofg]EoM :jfxf . —t}lQ/Lof]klgift\ -!÷%_ sf] cfzodf ..
clUgxf]qsf oL k|To]s dGqn] Ps–Ps cfx'lt b]cf];\ / hf] clws cfx'lt lbg' 5 eg] t—
ivZva?in dev sivtduRir/tain/ pra? suv , yÑ/Ô< tÚ/=Aa su?v . —oh'j]{b -cWofo #)÷dGq #_ ..
o; dGq / k"jf]{Qm ufoqL dGqn] cfx'lt b]cf];\ . …cf]+Ú …e"MÚ / …k|f0fÚ cflb oL ;a} gfd
k/d]Zj/sf x'g\ . logsf] cy{ cufl8 atfO;lsPsf] 5 . …:jfxfÚ zAbsf] cy{ of] xf] ls h:tf] 1fg
cfTdfdf x'G5 To:t} g} lha|f]n] af]nf];\, ljk/Lt xf]Og . h;/L k/d]Zj/n] ;a} k|f0fLx¿sf] ;'vfy{ o;
;a} hut\sf] kbfy{ /r]sf] 5, To;/L g} dg'ion] klg k/f]ksf/ ug'{kb{5 .
k|Zg— xf]dn] s] pksf/ x'G5 / <
pQ/— ;a}n] hfGb5g\ ls b'u{Gwo'Qm jfo' / hnaf6 /f]u, /f]un] k|f0fLx¿nfO{ b'Mv, / ;'ulGwt
jfo' tyf hnn] cf/f]Uo, / /f]ux¿ gi6 x'gfn] ;'v k|flKt x'G5 .
k|Zg— rGbgflb 3;]/ s;}nfO{ nufOlbof];\, jf 3[tflb vfgnfO{ lbof] eg] t 7"nf] pksf/ x'G5
lg . clUgdf xfn]/ Joy}{ gi6 ug'{ a'l4dfg\x¿sf] sfd xf]Og .
pQ/— olb ltdLn] kbfy{ljBf hfGbYof} eg] t slxNo} klg o:tf] s'/f eÌ] lyPgf} . lsg eg]
s'g} b|Josf] cefj x'Fb}g . x]/ Û hxfF xf]d ul/G5, ToxfFb]lv b"/ b]zdf l:yt k'?ifsf] gfl;sfn] ;'uGwsf]
u|x0f ub{5, To;/L g} b'u{Gwsf] klg . olQ s'/fn] a'em ls clUgdf xflnPsf] kbfy{ ;"Id eP/ k}mnFb}
jfo'sf] ;fydf b"/ b]zdf uP/ b'u{Gw lgj[lQ ub{5 .
k|Zg— ha o:tf] g} xf] eg] t s]z/, s:t'/L, ;'ulGwt k'ik / cQ/ cflb 3/df /fVgfn]
;'ulGwt jfo' eP/ ;'vsf/s x'G5 .
pQ/— To; ;'uGwsf] of] ;fdYo{ x'Fb}g ls u[x:ysf] jfo'nfO{ aflx/ lgsfn]/ z'4 jfo'nfO{ k|j]z
u/fpg ;sf];\, lsgeg] p;df e]bs–zlQm x'Fb}g / clUgsf] dfq} ;fdYo{ x'G5 ls To; jfo' /
b'u{Gwo'Qm kbfy{x¿nfO{ l5Ì–leÌ / xNsf u/]/ aflx/ lgsfnL kljq jfo'nfO{ k|j]z u/fOlbG5 .
k|Zg— To;f] eP dGq k9]/ xf]d ugf{sf] s] k|of]hg eof] t <
pQ/— dGqdf Tof] JofVofg 5 ls h;af6 xf]d ugf{sf] nfe ljlbt x'g hfG5 / dGqx¿sf]
cfj[lQ x'gfn] s07:y /xG5 . j]bk':tsx¿sf] k7g–kf7g / /Iff klg x'G5 .
k|Zg— s] xf]d gugf{n] kfk x'G5 / <
pQ/— lsgeg] h'g dg'iosf] z/L/af6 hlt b'u{Gw pTkÌ eP/ jfo' / hnnfO{ lauf/]/
/f]uf]TklQsf] lgldQ x'g hfgfsf] sf/0fn] k|f0fLx¿nfO{ b'Mv k|fKt u/fpFb5, Tolt g} kfk To;
dg'ionfO{ x'G5 . o;}n] To; kfksf] lgjf/0ffy{ Tolt g} ;'uGw jf To; eGbf clwsÙ jfo' / hndf
k}mnfpg' kb{5 / Vjfpg'–lknfpgfn] ToxL Ps JolQmnfO{ ;'vljz]if x'G5 . hlt 3[t / ;'uGwflb kbfy{
Ps dg'ion] vfG5, Tolt b|Josf] xf]dn] nfvf}+ dg'iosf] pksf/ x'G5 . k/Gt' h'g dg'ion] 3[tflb pQd
kbfy{ vfPg eg] t p;sf] z/L/ / cfTdfsf] ansf] pÌlt x'g ;Sb}g, To;}n] /fd|f] kbfy{ Vjfpg'–
lknfpg' klg kb{5, k/Gt' To;eGbf xf]d clws ug'{ plrt 5, o;}n] xf]d ug'{ cTofjZos 5 .
k|Zg— k|To]s dg'ion] slt cfx'lt ug'{kb{5 / Ps–Ps cfx'ltsf] slt kl/df0f xf] <
pQ/— k|To]s dg'ion] ;f]x|–;f]x| cfx'lt / 5M–5M dfzf 3[tflb Ps–Ps cfx'ltsf] kl/df0f
Go"g–eGbf–Go"g rflxG5 / o; eGbf clws u/]df emg} /fd|f] xf] . o;}n] cfo{j/lz/f]dl0f dxfzo, Clif,
dxlif{, /fhf, dxf/fhfx¿n] y'k|} xf]d ub{y] / u/fpFy] . ha;Dd xf]dsf] k|rf/ /Xof], ta;Dd cfof{jQ{
b]z /f]ub]lv /lxt / ;'vn] k"l/t lyof], olb clxn] klg k|rf/ ul/of] eg] t To:t} x'g hfg]5 . oL b'O{
o1 cyf{t\ Ps …a|Xdo1Ú h'g k9\g'–k9fpg', ;GWof]kf;g, O{Zj/sf] :t'lt, k|fy{gf, pkf;gf ug'{ . bf];|f]
…b]jo1Ú h'g clUgxf]qb]lv lnP/ cZjd]wko{Gt o1 / ljåfg\x¿sf] ;]jf ;Ë ug'{ . k/Gt' a|Xdro{df
s]jn a|Xdo1 / clUgxf]q dfq ug'{kg]{ x'G5 .
pkgogsf] af/]df ;dLIff -#=^_
a|fXd0f:qof0ff+ j0ff{gfd'kgog+ sQ'{dx{lt . /fhGof] åo:o . j}Zof] j}Zo:o}j]lt . z"b|dlk
s'nu'0f;DkÌ+ dGqjh{dg'kgLtdWofko]lbTo]s] .
—-;'=!÷@÷%_ of] ;'>'tsf] ;"q:yfg bf];|f] cWofosf] jrg xf] ..
a|fXd0f tLg} j0f{ a|fXd0f, Iflqo, j}ZoÙ Iflqo Iflqo / j}ZoÙ tyf j}Zo Ps j}Zo j0f{nfO{
o1f]kjLt u/fP/ k9fpg ;Sb5 . s'nLg z'enIf0fo'Qm z"b| xf] eg] t p;nfO{ dGq;+lxtf 5f]8]/ ;a}
zf:q k9fOlbg', z"b|n] k9f];\, k/Gt' To;sf] pkgog gu¿g\, of] dt cg]s cfrfo{x¿sf] xf] . o;
ljlw kZrft\ kfFrf}+ of cf7f}+ jif{b]lv s]6f–s]6fsf] kf7zfnfdf / s]6L–s]6Lsf] kf7zfnfdf hfpmg\ /
lgDglnlvt lgodk"j{s cWoogsf] cf/De u¿g\ .
a|Xdro{sf] ljlwsf] af/]df j0f{g -#=&_
if6\lq+zbflAbs+ røo{+ u'/f} q}j}lbs+ j|td\ . tblw{s+ kflbs+ jf u|x0fflGtsd]j jf ..
—dg':d[lt -cWofo #÷Znf]s !_ ..
 cy{— cf7f}+ jif{b]lv cufl8 5QL;f}+ jif{ ko{Gt, cyf{t\ Ps–Ps j]bsf] ;fËf]kfË k9\gdf afx|–
afx| jif{ ldnfP/ 5QL; / cf7 ldnfP/ rjfnL;, cyjf cÝfx| jif{sf] a|Xdro{ / cf7 k"j{sf] ldnfP/
5AaL;, jf gf} jif{ tyf ha;Dd ljBf k"0f{ u|x0f gu/f];\ ta;Dd a|Xdro{ /fvf];\ .
k'?iff] jfj o1:t:o oflg rt'lj{œzltjiff{l0f tTk|ftM;jg+ rt'lj{+zToIf/f ufoqL ufoq+
k|ftM;jg+, tb:o j;jf]˜GjfoQfM k|f0ff jfj j;j Pt] xLbœ ;j{+ jf;olGt ..!..
t~r]b]tl:dGjol; lsl~rb'ktk]T; a|"ofTk|f0ff j;j Ob+ d] k|ftM;jg+
dfWolGbgœ;jgdg';Gtg't]lt dfx+ k|f0ffgf+ j;"gf+ dWo] o1f] ljnf]K;Lo]To'4}j tt PToubf] x
ejlt ..@..
cy oflg rt'ZrTjfl/œzåiff{l0f tGdfWolGbgœ;jg+ rt'ZrTjfl/œzbIf/f lqi6'Kq}i6'e+
dfWolGbgœ;jg+ tb:o ?b|f cGjfoQfM k|f0ff jfj ?b|f Pt] xLbœ;j{œ /f]bolGt ..#..
t+ r]b]tl:dGjol; lsl~rb'ktk]T; a|"ofTk|f0ff ?b|f Ob+ d] dfWolGbgœ;jg+
t[tLo;jgdg';Gtg't]lt dfx+ k|f0ffgfœ?b|f0ff+ dWo] o1f] ljnf]K;Lo]To'4}j tt PToubf] x ejlt ..$..
cy ofGoi6frTjfl/œzåiff{l0f tQ[tLo;jgdi6frTjfl/œzbIf/f hutL hfut+ t[tLo;jg+
tb:oflbTofcGjfoQfM k|f0ff jfjflbTof Pt] xLbœ;j{dfbbt] ..%..
t+ r]b]tl:dGjol; lsl~rb'ktk]T; a|"ofTk|f0ff cflbTof Ob+ d] t[tLo;jgdfo'/g';Gtg't]lt dfx+
k|f0ffgfdflbTofgf+ dWo] o1f] ljnf]K;Lo]To'4}j tt PToubf] x}j ejlt ..^..
—oL ;a} 5fGbf]Uof]klgifb\ -#÷!^÷!–^_ sf jrg x'g\ ..
a|Xdro{ tLg k|sf/af6 x'G5 . slgi7, dWod / pQd . tL dWo]df slgi7— h'g of] k'?if
cÌ/;do b]x / k'l/ cyf{t\ b]xdf zog ug]{jfnf hLjfTdfÙ o1 cyf{t\ ctLj z'eu'0fn] ;Ët /
;Tst{Jo xf] . o;nfO{ cjZo g} @$ jif{ ko{Gt lht]lGb|o a|Xdrf/L /x]/ j]bflb ljBf / ;'lzIffnfO{
u|x0f u/f];\ / ljjfx u/]/ klg nDk6tf u/]g eg] t p;sf] z/L/df k|f0f anjfg\ eP/ ;a}
z'eu'0fx¿nfO{ jf; u/fpg]jfnf x'G5 ..!..
o; k|yd jodf h;n] p;nfO{ ljBfEof;df ;+tKt u/f];\ / Tof] cfrfo{n] klg To:t} pkb]z
u/f];\ / a|Xdrf/Ln] o:tf] lgZro u/f];\ ls hf] d k|yd cj:yfdf 7Ls–7Ls a|Xdro{;Fu /x]+ eg] d]/f]
z/L/ / cfTdf cf/f]Uo, anjfg\ eP/ z'eu'0fnfO{ a;fpg] d]/f] k|f0f x'g]5 . x] dg'iox¿ xf] Û ltdLx¿n]
o; k|sf/;Fu ;'vnfO{ lj:tf/ u/, hxfF d}n] a|Xdro{sf] nf]k gu¿F . @$ jif{kl5 u[xf>d u/]+ eg] t
k|l;4 g} 5 ls /f]u/lxt /xg]5' / cfo' klg d]/f] &) jf *) jif{;Dd /xg]5 ..@..
dWod a|Xdro{ of] xf]— hf] dg'io $$ jif{ ko{Gt a|Xdrf/L /x]/ j]bfEof; ub{5, p;sf] k|f0f,
OlGb|ox¿, cGtMs/0f / cfTdf ano'Qm eP/ ;a} b'i6x¿nfO{ ?jfpg] / >]i7x¿sf] kfng ug]{jfnf
x'G5 ..#..
hf] d o;} k|yd jodf h:tf] tkfO{+n] eÌ'x'G5 s]xL tk:of u¿F, t d]/f] of] ?b|¿k k|f0fo'Qm of]
dWod a|Xdro{ l;4 x'g]5 . x] a|Xdrf/Lx¿ xf] Û ltdLx¿n] o; a|Xdro{nfO{ a9fcf] . h;/L d}n] o;
a|Xdro{sf] nf]k gul/sg o1:j¿k x'G5' / p;} cfrfo{s'ndf cfpF5' / /f]u/lxt x'G5' . h;/L of]
a|Xdrf/Ln] /fd|f] sfd ub{5, To:t} ltdLx¿n] klg ug]{ u/ ..$..
pQd a|Xdro{ $* jif{ ko{Gtsf] t];|f] k|sf/sf] x'G5 . h:tf] $* cIf/sf] hutL 5Gb, To:t}
h;n] $* jif{ ko{Gt oyfjt\ a|Xdro{ ub{5, p;sf] k|f0f cg's"n eP/ ;sn ljBfx¿nfO{ u|x0f
ub{5 ..%..
hf] cfrfo{ / dftf–lktf cfˆgf ;Gtfgx¿nfO{ k|yd jodf ljBf u'0fu|x0fsf] nflu tk:jL
u/fP/ / p;}sf] pkb]z ub{5g\ / tL ;Gtfg cfk}m g} cvl08t a|Xdro{ ;]jgaf6 t];|f] pQd
a|Xdro{sf] ;]jg u/]/ k"0f{ cyf{t\ rf/ ;o jif{ ko{Gt cfo'nfO{ a9fcf];\, To;/L g} ltdLn] klg
a9fpm . lsgeg] hf] dg'io o; a|Xdro{df k|fKt eP/ nf]k ub}{g, ltgLx¿ ;a k|sf/sf] /f]ub]lv /lxt
eP/ wd{, cy{, sfd / df]IfnfO{ k|fKt ub{5g\ ..^..
rt;|f]˜j:yfM z/L/:o j[l4of}{jg+ ;Dk"0f{tf lsl~rTkl/xfl0fZr]lt . cfiff]8zfå[l4M .
cfk~rlj+zt]of}{jgd\ . cfrTjfl/+ztM ;Dk"0f{tf . ttM lsl~rTkl/xfl0fZr]lt ..
—-t'ngf=;'=!÷#%÷@(_ ..
 k~rlj+z] ttf] jif]{ k'dfg\ gf/L t' iff]8z] . ;dTjfutjLof}{ tf} hfgLofTs'znf] leifs\ ..
—-;"= !÷#%÷!#_ of] ;'>'tsf] ;"q :yfgsf] jrg xf] ..
o; z/L/df rf/ cj:yf x'G5g\ . Ps j[l4, h'g hGd]b]lv lnP/ !^ jif{ ko{Gt, bf];|f] of}jg,
h'g !^cf}+ jif{b]lv lnP/ @%cf}+ jif{ ko{Gt ;a} wft'x¿sf] a9\g] qmd x'G5 . t];|f] ;Dk"0f{tf, h'g @%cf}+
jif{b]lv lnP/ $)cf}+ jif{ ko{Gt ;a} wft'x¿sf] k'li6 x'G5 . rf}yf] lsl~rTkl/xfl0f, ha ;fËf]kfË
z/L/:y ;sn wft' k'i6 eP/ k"0f{tfnfO{ k|fKt x'G5g\, tbgGt/ h'g wft' a9\b5, Tof] z/L/df /xFb}g,
lsGt' :jKg, k|:j]bflb åf/af6 aflx/ lg:s]/ hfG5 . ToxL $)cf}+ jif{ g} pQd ;do ljjfxsf] xf],
cyf{t\ pQdf]Qd t $*cf}+ jif{df ljjfx ug'{ xf] .
k|Zg— s] of] a|Xdro{sf] lgod :qL jf k'?if b'O6}sf] nflu a/fa/ xf] t <
pQ/— xf]Og . hf] @% jif{ ko{Gt k'?ifn] a|Xdro{ u/] t !^ jif{ ko{Gt sGof, hf] k'?if #)
jif{;Dd a|Xdrf/L /x]df t :qL !& jif{, hf] k'?if #^ jif{ ko{Gt a|Xdrf/L /x]df t :qL !* jif{, hf]
k'?if $) jif{ ko{Gt a|Xdro{ u/]df t :qL @) jif{, hf] k'?if $$ jif{ ko{Gt a|Xdro{df /x]df t :qL
@@ jif{, hf] k'?if $* jif{ ko{Gt a|Xdro{df /x]df t :qL @$ jif{ ko{Gt a|Xdro{ ;]jg /fvf]; \, cyf{t\
$*cf}+ jif{eGbf cufl8 k'?if / @$cf}+ jif{eGbf cufl8 :qLn] a|Xdro{ /fVg x'Fb}g . k/Gt' of] lgod
ljjfx ug]{ k'?if / :qLx¿sf nflu xf] . h;n] ljjfx ug{ rfxFb}g, To;n] d/0fko{Gt a|Xdrf/L /xg
rfxG5 eg] t /xf];\, k/Gt' of] sfd k"0f{ ljBfjfnf, lht]lGb|o / lgbf]{if of]uL :qL / k'?ifsf] xf] . of]
Psbd sl7g sfd xf] ls h'g sfd j]unfO{ yfd]/ OlGb|ox¿nfO{ cfˆgf] jzdf /fVg' .
Ct+ r :jfWofok|jrg] r . ;To+ r :jfWofok|jrg] r . tkZr :jfWofok|jrg] r .
bdZr :jfWofok|jrg] r . zdZr :jfWofok|jrg] r . cUgoZr :jfWofok|jrg] r .
clUgxf]q+ r :jfWofok|jrg] r . cltyoZr :jfWofok|jrg] r . dfg'if+ r :jfWofok|jrg] r .
k|hf r :jfWofok|jrg] r . k|hgZr :jfWofok|jrg] r . k|hfltZr :jfWofok|jrg] r .
—of] t}lQ/Lof]klgifb\ - lzIffjNnL !÷cg'jfs (_ sf] jrg xf] ..
of] k9\g]–k9fpg]jfnfx¿sf nflu lgod xf] . -Ct+=_ oyfy{ pRrf/0fn] k9f];\ / k9fcf];\ -;To+=_
;Tofrf/n] ;ToljBfnfO{ k9f];\ / k9fcf];\ -tk=_ tk:jL cyf{t\ wdf{g'i7fg ub}{ j]bflb zf:qx¿ k9f];\
/ k9fcf];\ -bd=_ afXo OlGb|ox¿nfO{ g/fd|f] sfdaf6 /f]s]/ k9\b}–k9fpFb} hfcf];\ -zd=_ cyf{t\ dgsf]
j[lQnfO{ ;a} k|sf/sf] bf]ifx¿b]lv x6fP/ k9\b}–k9fpFb} hfcf];\ -cUgo=_ cfxjgLoflb clUg / ljB't\
cflbnfO{ hfg]/ k9\b}–k9fpFb} hfcf];\ / -clUgxf]q+=_ clUgxf]q ub}{ k7g / kf7g u/f];\–u/fcf];\
-cltyoM_ cltlyx¿sf] ;]jf ub}{ k9f];\ / k9fcf];\ -dfg'if+=_ dg'io ;DaGwL Jojxf/x¿nfO{ oyfof]Uo
u/]/ k9\b} / k9fpFb} /xf];\ -k|hf=_ cyf{t\ ;Gtfg / /fHosf] kfng ub}{ k9\b} / k9fpFb} hfcf];\ -k|hg=_
jLo{sf] /Iff / j[l4 ub}{ k9\b}–k9fpFb} hfcf];\ -k|hflt=_ cyf{t\ cfˆgf] ;Gtfg / lziosf] kfng ub}{
k9f];\–k9fcf];\ .
odfg\ ;]j]t ;tt+ g lgodfg\ s]jnfg\ a'wM . odfGktTos'jf{0ff] lgodfg\ s]jnfg\ ehg\ ..
—dg':d[lt -cWofo $÷Znf]s @)$_ ..
od kfFr k|sf/sf x'G5g\—
tqflx+;f;Tof:t]oa|Xdrof{kl/u|xf odfM .. —of]ubz{g ;"q -@÷#)_ sf] jrg xf] ..
cyf{t\ -clx+;f_ j}/Tofu, -;To_ ;To g} dfÌ', ;To g} af]Ng' / ;To g} ug'{, -c:t]o_ cyf{t\
dg, sd{, jrgn] rf]/L Tofu, -a|Xdro{_ cyf{t\ pk:y]lGb|osf] ;+od -ckl/u|x_ cToGt nf]n'ktf
:jTjfledfg/lxt x'g', oL kfFr odx¿sf] ;]jg ;bf u¿g\ .
lgod klg kfFr k|sf/sf 5g\—
zf}r;Gtf]iftkM :jfWofo]Zj/k|l0fwfgflg lgodfM .. —of] of]uzf:q ;"q -@÷#@_ sf] jrg xf] ..
-zf}r_ cyf{t\ :gfgflbaf6 kljqtf, -;Gtf]if_ ;Dos\ k|;Ì eP/ lg?Bd /xg' ;Gtf]if xf]Og,
lsGt' k'?iffy{ hlt x'g;Sb5 Tolt g} ug'{, xflg–nfedf xif{ jf zf]s gug'{, -tkM_ cyf{t\ si6;]jgn]
klg wd{o'Qm sd{x¿sf] cg'i7fg, -:jfWofo_ k9\g'–k9fpg' -O{Zj/k|l0fwfg_ O{Zj/sf] elQmljz]ifn]
cfTdfnfO{ clk{t /fVg', oL kfFr lgod atfOPsf] 5 . odx¿sf] lagf oL lgodx¿sf] ;]jg gug'{,
lsGt' oL b'O6}sf] ;]jg ug]{ ug'{ . h;n] odsf] ;]jgnfO{ 5f]8]/ s]jn lgodsf] ;]jg ub{5, To;n]
pÌlt k|fKt ub}{g . lsGt' cwf]ult cyf{t\ ;+;f/df lul//fVb5—
 sfdfTdtf g k|z:tf g r}j]xf:Tosfdtf . sfDof] lx j]bflwudM sd{of]uZr j}lbsM ..
—dg':d[lt -cWofo @÷Znf]s @_ ..
cy{— cToGt sfdft'/tf / lgisfdtf s;}sf] nflu klg >]i7 x'Fb}g, lsgeg] olb sfdgf u/]g
eg] t j]bx¿sf] 1fg / j]bljlxt sdf{lb pQd sd{ s;}af6 x'g ;Sb}g . o;}n]—
:jfWofo]g j|t}xf{]d}:q}ljB]g]Hoof ;'t}M . dxfo1}Zr o1}Zr a|fXdLo+ lqmot] tg'M ..
—dg':d[lt -cWofo @÷Znf]s @*_ ..
cy{— -:jfWofo_ ;sn ljBf k9\g]–k9fpg], -j|t_ a|Xdro{ ;Toefif0fflb lgod kfng ug]{,
-xf]d_ clUgxf]qflb xf]d, ;Tosf] u|x0f, c;Tosf] Tofu / ;To ljBfx¿sf] bfg lbg], -q}ljB]g_ j]b:y
sdf]{kf;gf 1fg ljBfsf] u|x0f, -OHoof_ kIf]i6Øflb ug'{, -;'t}M_ ;';Gtfgf]TklQ, -dxfo1}M_ a|Xd, b]j,
lkt[, j}Zjb]j / cltlyx¿sf] ;]jg¿k k~rdxfo1 / -o1}M_ clUgi6f]dflb tyf lzNkljBflj1fgflb
o1x¿sf] ;]jgn] o; z/L/sf] …a|fXdLÚ cyf{t\ j]b / k/d]Zj/sf] elQmsf] cfwf/¿k a|fXd0fsf] z/L/
agfpg'kb{5 . olt ;fwgx¿sf] lagf a|fXd0f–z/L/ aÌ ;Sb}g .
OlGb|of0ff+ ljr/tf+ ljifo]ijkxfl/if' . ;+od] oTgdflti7]b\ ljåfg\ oGt]j jflhgfd\ ..
—dg':d[lt -cWofo @÷Znf]s **_ ..
cy{— h;/L ljåfg\ ;f/lyn] 3f]8fnfO{ lgoddf /fVb5, To;/L g} dg / cfTdfnfO{ vf]6f
sfddf lvRg]jfnf ljifox¿df ljr/0f ul//x]sf] OlGb|ox¿sf] lgu|xdf k|oTg ;a k|sf/n] ug]{ .
lsgeg]—
OlGb|of0ff+ k|;Ë]g bf]ifd[R5To;+zod\ . ;lÌoDo t' tfGo]j ttM l;l4+ lgoR5lt ..
—dg':d[lt -cWofo @÷Znf]s (#_ ..
cy{— hLjfTdf OlGb|ox¿sf] jzdf eP/ lglZrt 7"nf–7"nf bf]ifx¿nfO{ k|fKt ub{5Ù / ha
OlGb|ox¿nfO{ cfˆgf] jzdf ub{5, ta} l;l4nfO{ k|fKt x'G5 .
j]bf:TofuZr o1fZr lgodfZr tkf+l; r . g ljk|b'i6efj:o l;l4+ uR5lGt slx{lrt\ ..
—dg':d[lt -cWofo @÷Znf]s (&_ ..
hf] b'i6frf/L, clht]lGb|o k'?if x'G5, To;sf] j]b, Tofu, o1, lgod / tk tyf cGo /fd|f
sfdx¿n] slxNo} klg l;l4nfO{ k|fKt ub{}gg\ .
j]bf]ks/0f] r}j :jfWofo] r}j g}Tos] . gfg'/f]wf]˜:TogWofo] xf]ddGq]if' r}j lx ..!..
g}Tos] gf:TogWofof] a|Xd;q+ lx tT:d[td\ . a|Xdfx'ltx't+ k'0odgWofojif6\s[td\ ..@..
—dg':d[lt -cWofo @÷Znf]s !)%–!)^_ ..
j]bflb zf:qx¿nfO{ k9\g]–k9fpg], ;GWof]kf;gflb k~rdxfo1nfO{ ug]{ / xf]ddGqdf cgWofo /
lg/f]w cyf{t\ cg'i7fgÖ/f]sfj6 x'Fb}g, lsgeg] lgTosd{df cgWofo x'Fb}g ..!.. h;/L Zjf;–k|Zjf; ;bf
lnOG5, aGw ug{ ;lsÌ, To;/L g} lgTosd{ k|ltlbg ug'{kb{5, g s'g} lbg 5f]8\g', lsgeg] cgWofodf
klg clUgxf]qflb pQd sd{ u/]sf k'0o¿k x'G5 . h:t} e'm6f] af]Nbf ;bf kfk / ;To af]Nbf ;bf k'0o
x'G5, To;/L g} g/fd|f] sfd ug{df cgWofo / /fd|f] sfd ugf{n] ;bf :jfWofo g} x'g] ub{5 ..@..
clejfbgzLn:o lgTo+ j[4f]k;]ljgM . rTjfl/ t:o j4{Gt cfo'lj{Bf ozf] and\ ..
—dg':d[lt -cWofo @÷Znf]s !@!_ ..
h;n] ;bf gd|, ;'zLn, ljåfg\ / j[4x¿sf] ;]jf ub{5Ù To;sf] cfo', ljBf, sLlt{ / anÙ oL
rf/ ;bf al9/fVb5g\ / h;n] o:tf] ub{}g, To;sf] cfo' cflb rf/ a9\b}gg\ .
clx+;o}j e"tfgf+ sfo{+ >]of]˜g'zf;gd\ . jfs\ r}j dw'/f ZnI0ff k|of]Hof wd{ldR5tf ..!..
o:o jfª\dg;] z'4] ;DoUu'Kt] r ;j{bf . ; j} ;j{djfKgf]lt j]bfGtkf]ut+ kmnd\ ..@..
—dg':d[lt -cWofo @÷Znf]s !%(–!^)_ ..
ljåfg\ / ljBfyL{x¿nfO{ of]Uo 5 ls j}/a'l4 5f]8]/ ;a} dg'iosf] nflu sNof0fsf] dfu{sf]
pkb]z u¿g\Ù / pkb]i6f ;bf dw'/, ;'zLntfo'Qm jf0fL af]nf];\ . h;n] wd{sf] pÌlt rfxG5, Tof] ;w}+
;Todf rnf];\ / ;Tosf] g} pkb]z u/f];\ ..!.. h'g dg'iosf] jf0fL / dg z'4 tyf ;'/lIft ;bf /xG5Ù
To;}n] ;a} j]bfGt cyf{t\ ;a} j]bx¿sf] l;4fGt¿k kmnnfO{ k|fKt ub{5 ..@..
;+dfgfb\ a|fXd0ff] lgTod'låh]t ljifflbj . cd[t:o]j rfsfª\If]bjdfg:o ;j{bf ..
—dg':d[lt -cWofo @÷Znf]s !^@_ ..
 ToxL a|fXd0fn] ;du| j]b / k/d]Zj/nfO{ hfGb5, hf] k|lti7fb]lv ljift'No ;bf 8/fpF5Ù /
ckdfgsf] OR5f cd[ts} ;dfg ug]{ ub{5 .
cg]g qmdof]u]g ;+:s[tfTdf låhM zg}M . u'/f} j;g\ ;l~rg'ofb\ a|Xdflwulds+ tkM ..
—dg':d[lt -cWofo @÷Znf]s !^$_ ..
o;} k|sf/n] s[tf]kgog låh a|Xdrf/L s'df/ / a|Xdrfl/0fL sGof ;':t–;':t j]bfy{sf] 1fg¿k
pQd tknfO{ a9fpFb} n}hfpmg\ .
of]˜gwLTo låhf] j]bdGoq s'?t] >dd\ . ; hLjÌ]j z"b|Tjdfz' uR5lt ;fGjoM ..
—dg':d[lt -cWofo @÷Znf]s !^*_ ..
h;n] j]bnfO{ gkl9sg cGoq >d ug]{ ub{5, Tof] cfˆgf] k'q–kf}q;lxt z"b|efjnfO{ zL3| g}
k|fKt x'g hfG5 .
jh{o]Gdw'df+;~r uGw+ dfNo+ /;fg\ l:qoM . z'Qmflg oflg ;jf{l0f k|fl0fgf+ r}j lx+;gd\ ..!..
cEoËd~hg+ rfI0ff]?kfgR5qwf/0fd\ . sfd+ qmf]w+ r nf]e+ r gQ{g+ uLtjfbgd\ ..@..
B"t+ r hgjfb+ r kl/jfb+ tyf˜g[td\ . :qL0ff+ r k|]If0ffnDed'k3ft+ k/:o r ..#..
PsM zoLt ;j{q g /]tM :sGbo]TSjlrt\ . sfdfl4 :sGbog\ /]tf] lxgl:t j|tdfTdgM ..$..
—dg':d[lt -cWofo @÷Znf]s !&&–!*)_ ..
a|Xdrf/L / a|Xdrfl/0fL dB, df+;, uGw, dfnf, /;, :qL / k'?ifsf] ;Ë, ;a} k|sf/sf cldnf],
k|f0fLx¿sf] lx+;f ..!.. cËx¿sf] db{g, lagf lgldQ pk:y]lGb|osf] :kz{, cfFvfdf c~hg, h'Qf / 5qsf]
wf/0f, sfd, qmf]w, nf]e, df]x, eo, zf]s, O{iof{, å]if / gfr, ufg, afhf ahfpg' ..@.. B"t, h'g;'s}sf]
syf, lgGbf, ldYofefif0f, :qLx¿sf] bz{g, cf>o, bf];|fsf] xflg cflb s'sd{x¿nfO{ ;bf
5f]l8b]cf];\ ..#.. ;j{q PSn} ;'tf];\, jLo{ :vlnt slxNo} gu/f];\ . h;n] sfdgfn] jLo{ :vlnt u¥of]
eg] t hfg ls To;n] cfˆgf] a|Xdro{–j|tsf] gfz u¥of] ..$..
j]bdg"Rofrfof]{˜Gt]jfl;gdg'zfl:t . ;To+ jb . wd{+ r/ . :jfWofofGdf k|dbM . cfrføof{o lk|o+
wgdfÅTo k|hftGt'+ df JojR5]T;LM . ;TofÌ k|dlbtJod\ . wdf{Ì k|dlbtJod\ . s'znfÌ k|dlbtJod\ .
e"To} g k|dlbtJod\ . :jfWofok|jrgfEof+ g k|dlbtJod\ ..!.. b]jlkt[–sføof{Eof+ g k|dlbtJod\ .
dft[b]jf] ej . lkt[b]jf] ej . cfrføof{b]jf] ej . cltlyb]jf] ej . ofGogjBflg sdf{l0f tflg
;]ljtJoflg gf] Ot/fl0f . ofGo:dfsœ;'rl/tflg tflg Tjof]kf:oflg ..@.. gf] Ot/fl0f . o] s]
rf:dR5«]of+;f] a|fXd0ff:t]iff+ Tjof;g]g k|Zjl;tJod\ . >4of b]od\ . c>4of b]od\ . l>of b]od\ . lx|of
b]od\ . leof b]od\ . ;+ljbf b]od\ . cy olb t] sd{ljlrlsT;f jf j[QljlrlsT;f jf :oft\ ..#.. o] tq
a|fXd0ffM ;dblz{gf] o'Qmf co'Qmf cn"Iff wd{sfdfM :o'o{yf t] tq jQ]{/g\ . tyf tq jQ]{yfM .
-cyfEofVoft]if' . o] tq a|fXd0ffM ;+dlz{gM . o'Qmf cfo'QmfM . cn"Iff wd{sfdfM :o'M . oyf t] t]if'
jQ]{/g\ . tyf t]if' jQ]{yfM .._ Pif cfb]z Pif pkb]z Piff j]bf]klgift\ . Ptbg'zf;gd\ . Pjd'kfl;tJod\ .
Pjd' r}tb'kf:od\ ..$.. —of] t}lQ/Lof]klgifb\ -!÷!!_ sf] jrg xf] ..
cfrfo{ cGt]jf;L, cyf{t\ cfˆgf lzio / lziofx¿nfO{ o; k|sf/n] pkb]z u/f];\ ls t}+n] ;w}+
;To af]n, wdf{rf/ u/, k|dfb/lxt eP/ k9\–k9f, k"0f{ a|Xdro{n] ;d:t ljBfx¿sf] u|x0f / cfrfo{sf]
nflu lk|o–wg lbP/, ljjfx u/]/ ;Gtfgf]TklQ u/ . k|dfbn] ;TonfO{ slxNo} klg g5f]8 \, k|dfbn]
wd{sf] slxNo} klg Tofu gu/, k|dfbn] cf/f]Uo / rt'/fO{nfO{ g5f]8\, k|dfbn] pQd P]Zjo{sf] j[l4nfO{
g5f]8\, k|dfbn] k9\g / k9fpg klg slxNo} g5f]8\ . b]j, ljåfg\ / dftf–lktflbsf] ;]jfdf k|dfb gu/ .
h;/L ljåfg\sf] ;Tsf/ ub{5;\, To;/L g} dftf, lktf, cfrfo{ / cltlysf] ;]jf ;bf ug]{ u/f];\ . h'g
clglGbt wd{o'Qm sd{ 5g\, tL ;Toefif0fflbnfO{ ug]{ u/f];\, tL b]lv leÌ ldYofefif0fflb slxNo} klg
gug"{ . h'g xfd|f ;'rl/q cyf{t\ wd{o'Qm sd{ 5g\, ltgsf] u|x0f u/ / h'g xfd|f kfkfr/0f x'g\
ltgnfO{ slxNo} klg gu/ . hf] sf]xL xfd|f dWodf pQd ljåfg\ wdf{Tdf a|fXd0f 5g\, pg}sf] ;dLkdf
a;]/ pg}nfO{ ljZjf; ug]{ ug'{ . >4fn] lbg', c>4fn] lbg', zf]efn] lbg', nHhfn] lbg', eon] lbg' /
k|lt1fn] klg lbg'kb{5 . ha s'g} j]nf tFnfO{ sd{ jf zLn tyf pkf;gf 1fgdf s'g} k|sf/sf] ;+zo
pTkÌ ePdfÙ ta t h'g tL ;dbzL{ kIfkft/lxt, of]uL, cof]uL, cfb|{lrQ, wd{sf] sfdgf ug]{
wdf{Tdfhg 5g\, h;/L tL wd{dfu{df nfUb5g\ To;/L g} tF klg nfUg] u/ . oxL cfb]z cf1f, oxL
pkb]z, oxL j]bsf] pklgift\ / oxL lzIff xf] . o;} k|sf/ rNg' / cfˆgf] rfn–rngnfO{ ;'wfg'{ kb{5 .
csfd:o lqmof sflrb\ b[Zot] g]x slx{lrt\ . oBl4 s'?t] lsl~rt\ tQTsfd:o r]li6td\ ..
 —dg':d[lt -cWofo @÷Znf]s $_ ..
dg'ion] lgZro ug'{kb{5 ls lgisfd k'?ifdf g]qsf] ;+sf]r–ljsf; x'g klg ;j{yf c;Dej
x'G5, o;af6 of] l;4 x'G5 ls h]–h] s'/fx¿ klg ub{5, Tof]–Tof] r]i6f sfdgfsf] lagf x'Fbg} .
cfrf/M k|ydf] wd{M >'To'QmM :dfQ{ Pj r . t:dfbl:dGT;bf o'Qmf] lgTo+ :ofbfTdjfg\ låhM ..!..
cfrf/flåRo'tf] ljk|f] g j]bkmndZg't] . cfrf/]0f t' ;+o'QmM ;Dk"0f{kmnefUej]t\ ..@..
—dg':d[lt -cWofo !÷Znf]s !)*–!)(_ ..
eÌ], ;'Ì]–;'gfpg], k9\g]–k9fpg]sf] kmn oxL xf] ls j]b / j]bfg's"n :d[ltx¿df k|ltkflbt
wd{sf] cfr/0f ug'{ . o;}n] wdf{r/df ;bf o'Qm /xf}+ ..!.. lsgeg] hf] wdf{r/0fn] /lxt x'G5, To;n]
j]bk|ltkflbt wd{hGo ;'v¿k kmnnfO{ k|fKt ug{ ;Sb}g / h;n] ljBf k9]/ wdf{r/0f ub{5, To;}n]
;Dk"0f{ ;'vnfO{ k|fKt ub{5 ..@..
of]˜jdGo]t t] d"n] x]t'zf:qf>ofb\ låhM . ; ;fw'lea{lxisfof]{ gfl:tsf] j]blgGbsM ..
—dg':d[lt -cWofo @÷Znf]s !!_ ..
h;n] j]b / j]bfg's"n cfKt k'?ifx¿n] u/]sf zf:qx¿sf] ckdfg ub{5, To; j]blgGbs
gfl:tsnfO{ hflt, kª\lQm / b]zaf6 afXo ul/lbg' kb{5 . lsgeg]—
>'ltM :d[ltM ;bfrf/M :j:o r lk|odfTdgM . PtRrt'lj{w+ k|fx'M ;fIff4d{:o nIf0fd\ ..
—dg':d[lt -cWofo @÷Znf]s !@_ ..
>'ltÖj]bÙ :d[ltÖj]bfg's"n cfKtf]Qm dg':d[Toflb zf:qÙ ;Tk'?ifx¿sf] cfrf/ hf] ;gftg cyf{t\
j]båf/f k/d]Zj/f]Qm–k|ltkflbt sd{Ù / cfˆgf] cfTdfdf lk|o, cyf{t\ h;nfO{ cfTdfn] rfxG5, h:tf] ls
;Toefif0fÙ oL rf/ wd{sf nIf0f x'g\ cyf{t\ log}af6 wdf{˜wd{sf] lgZro x'G5 . hf] kIfkft/lxt Gofo,
;Tosf] u|x0f, c;Tosf] ;j{yf kl/Tofu¿k cfrf/ xf], o;}sf] gfd …wd{Ú xf] / o;b]lv ljk/Lt hf]
kIfkft;lxt cGofofr/0f, ;Tosf] Tofu / c;Tosf] u|x0f¿k sd{ xf], o;nfO{ …cwd{Ú eGb5g\ .
cy{sfd]ij;Qmfgf+ wd{1fg+ ljwLot] . wd{+ lh1f;dfgfgf+ k|df0f+ k/d+ >'ltM ..
—dg':d[lt -cWofo @÷Znf]s !#_ ..
h'g k'?if -cy{_ ;'j0ff{lb /Tg / -sfd_ :qL;]jgflbdf km:b}gg\, ltg}nfO{ wd{sf] 1fg k|fKt
x'G5 . h;n] wd{sf] 1fgsf] OR5f ub{5, To;n] j]båf/f wd{sf] lgZro u/f];\, lsgeg] wdf{˜wd{sf]
lgZro lagf j]bsf] 7Ls–7Ls;Fu 1fg x'g ;Sb}g .
o; k|sf/ cfrfo{n] cfˆgf lziox¿nfO{ pkb]z u/f];\ / ljz]if u/]/ /fhf Ot/ Iflqo, j}Zo /
pQd z"b| hgx¿nfO{ klg ljBfsf] cEof; cjZo u/fcf];\ . lsgeg] h'g a|fXd0f x'g\ ltg}n] g} s]jn
ljBfEof; u¿g\ / Iflqoflbn] gu¿g\ t ljBf, wd{, /fHo / wgflbsf] j[l4 slxNo} x'g ;Sb}g .
lsgeg] a|fXd0f t s]jn k9\g–k9fpg / Iflqoflbaf6 hLljsfnfO{ k|fKt eP/ hLjg wf/0f ug{
;Sb5g\ . hLljsfsf] cfwLg / Iflqoflbsf] cf1fbftf / oyfjt\ k/LIfs b08bftf gx'gfn] a|fXd0fflb
;a} j0f{ kfv08 5n–sk6df km;]/, ljBfEof; wd{nfO{ 5f]8]/ kfv08df g} km:g hfG5g\ .
/ ha Iflqoflb ljåfg\ x'G5g\ ta a|fXd0f klg clws ljBfEof; / wd{kydf rNb5g\ / tL
Iflqoflb ljåfg\x¿sf] ;fd'Ì] kfv08, e'm6f] Jojxf/ klg ug{ ;Sb}gg\, / ha Iflqoflb cljåfg\ ePdf
t ltgn] h:tf] cfˆgf] dgdf cfpF5, To:t} g} ub{5g\–u/fpFb5g\ . o;}n] a|fXd0f klg cfˆgf] sNof0f
rfxG5 eg] t IflqoflbnfO{ j]bflb ;Tozf:qsf] cEof; clws k|oTgn] u/fcf];\ . lsgeg] Iflqoflb g}
ljBf, wd{, /fHo / nIdLsf] j[l4 u/fpg]jfnf x'g\, tL slxNo} leIffj[lQ ub}{gg\, o;}n] ltgLx¿ kIfkftL
klg ljBfJojxf/df x'g ;Sb}gg\ / ha ;a} j0f{df ljBf ;'lzIff x'G5 ta s;}n] klg kfv08¿k
cwd{o'Qm ldYofJojxf/nfO{ rnfpg ;Sb}g . o;af6 s] l;4 x'G5 eg] ls IflqoflbnfO{ lgoddf
rnfpg] a|fXd0f / ;+Gof;L tyf a|fXd0f / ;+Gof;LnfO{ ;'lgoddf rnfpg] Iflqoflb g} x'G5g\ . o;}n]
;a} j0f{sf :qL–k'?ifx¿df ljBf / wd{sf] k|rf/ cjZo x'g'kb{5 .
kfFr k|sf/sf] k/LIff Pj+ cWoog–cWofkg -#=*_
ca h]–h] k9\g'–k9fpg' 5, Tof]–Tof] /fd|f];Fu k/LIff u/]/ x]g{' of]Uo 5 . k/LIff kfFr k|sf/sf]
x'G5—
Ps— h]–h] O{Zj/sf] u'0f, sd{, :jefj / j]bb]lv cg's"n 5g\, ToxL–ToxL …;ToÚ / To;b]lv
lj?4 …c;ToÚ xf] .
 bf];|f]— h]–h] ;[li6qmdl;t cg's"n ToxL–ToxL …;ToÚ / h'g–h'g lj?4 xf], Tof] ;a} …c;ToÚ
xf] . hf] s;}n] eGb5— ælagf dftf–lktfsf] of]un] 5f]/f] pTkÌ eof]Æ, of] ;[li6qmdsf] lj?4 x'gfn]
c;To xf] .
t];|f]— æcfKtÆ cyf{t\ h'g wfld{s, ljåfg\, ;TojfbL, lgisk6Lx¿sf] ;Ë pkb]zsf] cg's"n
x'G5, Tof] u|fXo / h'g–h'g lj?4 x'G5 Tof]–Tof] …cu|fXoÚ xf] .
rf}yf]— cfˆgf] cfTdfsf] kljqtf, ljBfsf] cg's"n cyf{t\ h:tf] cfk"mnfO{ ;'v lk|o / b'Mv
clk|o nfUb5, o:t} ;j{q a'‰g' ls d}n] klg s;}nfO{ b'Mv jf ;'v lbPF eg] t Tof] klg ck|;Ì jf
k|;Ì x'G5 .
/ kfFrf}+— cf7} k|df0f cyf{t\ k|ToIf, cg'dfg, pkdfg, zAb, P]ltXo, cyf{klQ, ;Dej / cefj .
oL dWo]df k|ToIfsf] nIf0fflbdf h'g–h'g tn ;"q n]Vg]5', Tof]–Tof] ;a} Gofozf:qsf] k|yd /
låtLo cWofosf] hfÌ'—
OlGb|ofy{;lÌsiff]{TkÌ+ 1fgdJokb]ZodJolerfl/ Joj;fofTds+ k|ToIfd\ ..
—Gofozf:q -cWofo !÷cflÂs !÷;"q $_ ..
h'g >f]q, Tjrf, rIf', lhÃf / 3|f0fsf] zAb, :kz{, ¿k, /; / uGwsf] ;fy cJojlxt cyf{t \
cfj/0f/lxt ;DaGw x'G5, OlGb|osf] ;fy dgsf] / dgsf] ;fy cfTdfsf] ;+of]un] 1fg pTkÌ x'G5,
o;nfO{ k|ToIf eGb5g\ . k/Gt' h'g Jokb]Zo cyf{t\ ;+1f;+1Lsf] ;DaGwn] pTkÌ x'G5, Tof]–Tof] 1fg
xf]Og . h:t} s;}n] s;};Fu eGof] ls ætF kfgL lnP/ cfOhÆ p;n] kfgL NofP/ ydfpFb} eGof] ls æof]
kfgL xf]Æ k/Gt' jxfF …hnÚ oL b'O{ cIf/sf] ;+1fnfO{, g Nofpg] jf dufpg]jfnfn] b]Vg ;Sb5 . lsGt'
h'g kbfy{sf] gfd …hnÚ xf], ToxL k|ToIf x'G5, / h'g zAbb]lv 1fg pTkÌ x'G5 Tof] zAbk|df0fsf]
ljifo xf] . …cJolerfl/Ú h:tf] ls s;}n] /flqdf vfFaf]nfO{ b]v]/ k'?ifsf] lgZro u¥of], ha lbgdf
To;nfO{ b]Vof] t /flqsf] k'?if1fg gi6 eP/ :tDe1fg /Xof], o:tf] ljgfzL 1fgsf] gfd Jolerf/L
xf] . …Joj;fofTdsÚ s;}n] 6f9faf6 gbLsf] afn'jf b]v]/ eGof] ls æjxfF j:q ;'ls/fv]sf 5g\, hn xf]
jf c¿ s'g} rLh xf] < Æ æTof] b]jbQ plePsf] xf] jf o1bQ <Æ ha;Dd Ps lgZro x'Fb}g, ta;Dd
of] k|ToIf 1fg x'Fb}g . lsGt' h'g cJokb]Zo, cJolerfl/ / lgZrofTds 1fg xf], To;}nfO{ k|ToIf
eGb5g\ .
bf];|f] cg'dfg—
cy tTk"j{s+ lqljwdg'dfg+ k"j{jR5]ifjT;fdfGotf]b[i6~r ..
—Gofozf:q -cWofo !÷cflÂs !÷;"q %_ ..
h'g k|ToIfk"j{s cyf{t\ h;sf] s'g} Psb]z jf ;Dk"0f{ b|Jo s'g} :yfg jf sfndf k|ToIf ePsf]
xf], To;sf] b"/ b]zaf6 ;xrf/L Ps b]zsf] k|ToIf x'gfn] cb[i6 cjojLsf] 1fg x'g'nfO{ …cg'dfgÚ
eGb5g\ . h:t} k'qnfO{ b]v]/ lktf, kj{tflbdf w'jfFnfO{ b]v]/ clUg, hut\df ;'v–b'MvnfO{ b]v]/
k"j{hGdsf] 1fg x'G5 .
Tof] cg'dfg tLg k|sf/sf] x'G5 . Ps …k"j{jt\Ú h:t} afbnnfO{ b]v]/ jiff{, ljjfxnfO{ b]v]/
;Gtfgf]TklQ, kl9/fv]sf] ljBfyL{nfO{ b]v]/ ljBf x'g] lgZro x'G5— OToflb . hxfF–hxfF sf/0fnfO{ b]v]/
sfo{sf] 1fg x'G5, Tof] …k"j{jt\Ú . bf];|f] …z]ifjt\Ú cyf{t\ hxfF sfo{nfO{ b]v]/ sf/0fsf] 1fg xf];\ . h:t}
gbLsf] k|jfxsf] a9f]Q/LnfO{ b]v]/ dflylt/ ePsf] jiff{sf], k'qnfO{ b]v]/ lktfsf], ;[li6nfO{ b]v]/ cgflb
sf/0fsf], ;[li6df /rgfljz]ifnfO{ b]v]/ stf{ O{Zj/sf], kfk–k'0osf] cfr/0fnfO{ b]v]/ ;'v–b'Mvsf] 1fg
x'G5, o;}nfO{ …z]ifjt\Ú eGb5g\ . t];|f] …;fdfGotf]b[i6Ú h;df s'g} s;}sf] sfo{ sf/0f gxf];\ k/Gt' s'g}
k|sf/sf] ;fwDo{ Ps bf];|fsf] ;fy xf];\, h:t} sf]xL klg lagf glx+l8 bf];|f] :yfgdf hfg ;Sb}g, To;/L
g} c¿sf] klg :yfgfGt/0fdf hfg'Ù lagf udgsf] slxNo} x'g ;Sb}g . cg'dfg zAbsf] cy{ oxL xf] ls
cg' cyf{t\ …k|ToIf:o kZrfGdLot] 1fot] o]g tbg'dfgd\Ú h'g k|ToIfsf] kZrft\ pTkÌ xf];\, h:tf]
w"d|sf] k|ToIf b]v] lagf cb[i6 clUgsf] 1fg slxNo} klg x'g ;Sb}g .
t];|f] pkdfg—
k|l;4;fwDof{T;fWo;fwgd'kdfgd\ .. —Gofozf:q -cWofo !÷cflÂs !÷;"q ^_ ..
h'g k|l;4 cyf{t\ k|ToIf ;fwDo{af6 ;fWo cyf{t\ l;4 ug{ of]Uo 1fgsf] l;l4 ug{sf] nflu
;fwg xf], To;nfO{ …pkdfgÚ eGb5g\ . …pkdLot] o]g tb'kdfgd\Ú h:t} s;}n] s'g} e[To;Fu eGof] ls
ætF b]jbQsf] ;b[z lji0f'ldqnfO{ af]nfP/ n]Æ p;n] eGof] ls æd}n] p;nfO{ slxNo} klg b]v]sf] 5}gÆ .
p;sf] :jfdLn] p;nfO{ eGof] ls æh:tf] of] b]jbQ 5, To:t} g} Tof] lji0f'ldq 5ÙÆ æjf h:tf] of] ufO{
5, To:t} ujo cyf{t\ gLnufO{ x'lG5g\Æ . ha Tof] jxfF uP/ b]jbQs} ;b[z b]Vof], lgZro hfGof] ls
oxL lji0f'ldq xf], p;nfO{ lnP/ cfof] . cyjf s'g} jgdf h'g kz'nfO{ ufO{sf] ;b[z b]Vof], To;nfO{
hfGof] ls o;}sf] gfd ujo xf] .
rf}yf] zAbk|df0f—
cfKtf]kb]zM zAbM .. —Gofozf:q -cWofo !÷cflÂs !÷;"q &_ ..
hf] cfKt cyf{t\ k"0f{ ljåfg\, wdf{Tdf, k/f]ksf/lk|o, ;TofjfbL, k'?iffyL{, lht]lGb|o k'?if h:tf]
cfˆgf] cfTdfdf hfGb5 / h;af6 ;'v kfPsf] 5, p;}sf] sygsf] OR5faf6 k|]l/t ;a} dg'iosf]
sNof0ffy{ pkb]i6f xf];\ . cyf{t\ hlt k[YjLb]lv lnP/ k/d]Zj/ ko{Gt kbfy{x¿sf] 1fg k|fKt eP/
pkb]i6f x'G5 h'g o:tf] k'?if / k"0f{ cfKt k/d]Zj/sf] pkb]z j]b xf], To;}nfO{ …zAbk|df0fÚ hfg .
kfFrf} P]ltXo—
g rt'i6\jd}ltXofyf{klQ;Dejfefjk|fdf0oft\ .. —Gofozf:q -cWofo @÷cflÂs @÷;"q !_ ..
h'g Olt x cyf{t\ o; k|sf/ lyof]Ù p;n] o; k|sf/ u¥of] . cyf{t\ s;}sf] hLjg–rl/qsf] gfd
…P]ltXoÚ xf] .
5}6f}+ cyf{klQ—
…cyf{bfkBt] ;f cyf{klQMÚ s]glrb'Rot]— …;T;' 3g]if' j[li6M, ;lt sf/0f] sføo{+ ejtLltÚ lsdq
k|;Hot]— …c;T;' 3g]if' j[li6/;lt sf/0f] r sføo{+ g ejtLltÚ h;/L s;}n] s;};Fu eGof] ls
æafbnsf] x'gfn] jiff{ / sf/0fsf] x'gfn] sfo{ pTkÌ x'G5Æ o;af6 gelgsg} of] bf];|f] s'/f l;4 x'G5
ls ælagf afbn jiff{ / lagf sf/0f sfo{ slxNo} x'g ;Sb}g .Æ
;ftf}+ ;Dej—
…;Dejlt ol:dg\ ; ;DejMÚ s;}n] eGb5 ls ædftf–lktfsf] ;Ësf] lagf ;Gtfgf]TklQ, s;}n]
d[ts Ao'FtfP, kxf8 p7fP, ;d'b|df 9'Ëf t}/fP, rGb|dfsf] 6'qmf kf/], k/d]Zj/sf] cjtf/ eof], dg'iosf]
;L+u b]lvof] / aGWofsf] k'q / k'qLsf] ljjfx ul/of]Æ OToflb ;a} c;Dej x'g\ . lsgeg] oL ;a}
s'/fx¿ ;[li6qmdsf] lj?4 5g\ / h'g s'/f] ;[li6qmdsf] cg's"n xf];\, ToxL …;DejÚ xf] .
cf7f}+ cefj—
…g ejlGt ol:dg\ ;f]˜efjMÚ h:tf] s;}n] s;};Fu eGof] ls æxfQL lnP/ cfOhÆ p;n] pxfF
xfQLsf] cefj b]v]/ hxfF xfQL lyof], ToxfFaf6 lnP/ cfof] .
oL cf7 k|df0f . logLx¿df h'g zAbdf P]ltXo / cg'dfgdf cyf{klQ, ;Dej / cefjsf]
u0fgf u/]df, t rf/ k|df0f /xg hfG5g\ . o; kfFr k|sf/sf] k/LIffn] ;Tof˜;Tosf] lgZro dg'ion]
ug{ ;Sb5, cGoyf ;Sb}g .
wd{ljz]ifk|;"tfb\ b|Jou'0fsd{;fdfGoljz]if;djfofgf+ kbfyf{gf+ ;fwDo{j}wDof{Eof+
tŒj1fgflÌM>]o;d\ .. —j}z]lifs -cWofo !÷cflÂs !÷;"q $_ ..
ha dg'ion] wd{sf] oyfof]Uo cg'i7fg ugf{n] kljq eP/ …;fwDo{Ú cyf{t\ h'g t'No wd{, h:t}
k[YjL h8 / hn klg h8Ù …j}wDo{Ú cyf{t\ k[YjL s7f]/ / hn sf]dnÙ o;} k|sf/n] b|Jo, u'0f, sd{,
;fdfGo, ljz]if / ;djfo 5M kbfy{x¿sf] tTj1fg cyf{t\ :j¿k1fgb]lv …lgM>]o;d\Ú df]IfnfO{ k|fKt
ub{5 .
k[lyJofk:t]hf]jfo'/fsfz+ sfnf] lbufTdf dg Olt b|Jofl0f . —j}z]lifs -c=!÷cf=!÷;"=%_ ..
k[YjL, hn, t]h, jfo', cfsfz, sfn, lbzf, cfTdf / dg oL gj b|Jo x'g\ .
lqmofu'0fjT;djflosf/0fldltb|JonIf0fd\ .. —j}z]lifs -c=!÷cf=!÷;"=!%_ ..
…lqmofZr u'0ffZr ljBGt] ol:dF:tt\ lqmofu'0fjt\Ú h;df lqmof, u'0f / s]jn u'0f g} /xf];\,
To;nfO{ …b|JoÚ eGb5g\ . tL b]lv k[YjL, hn, t]h, jfo', dg / cfTdf oL 5M b|Jo lqmof / u'0fjfnf
x'g\ . tyf cfsfz, sfn / lbzf oL tLg u'0fjfnf t x'g\ lsGt' lqmofjfnf xf]Ogg\ . -;djflo_ …;dj]t'+
zLn+ o:o tt\ ;djflo, k|fUj[lQŒj+ sf/0f+, ;djflo r tTsf/0f+ r ;djflosf/0fd\, nIot] o]g
tNnIf0fd\Ú h'g ldNgsf] :jefjo'Qm, sfo{n] sf/0f k"j{sfn:y x'G5, h;af6 lqmofu'0fo'Qm x'G5,
To;nfO{ b|Jo eGb5g\ . h;af6 nIo hflgG5, h;/L cfFvfn] ¿k hflgG5, To;nfO{ nIf0f eGb5g\ .
¿k/;uGw:kz{jtL k[lyjL .. —j}z]lifs -c=@÷cf=!÷;"=!_ ..
h;df ¿k, /;, uGw / :kz{ x'G5 To;nfO{ …k[YjLÚ elgG5 .
 Jojl:ytM k[lyJof+ uGwM .. —j}z]lifs -c=@÷cf=@÷;"=@_ ..
k[YjLdf uGw, u'0f :jefljs 5 . ¿k, /; / :kz{ clUg, hn / jfo'sf] of]un] xf], hndf /;,
clUgdf ¿k, jfo'df :kz{ / cfsfzdf zAb :jefljs 5 .
¿k/;:kz{jTo cfkf] b|jfM l:gUwfM .. —j}z]lifs -c=@÷cf=!÷;"=@_ ..
¿k, /; / :kz{jfg\, b|jLe"t / sf]dn x'G5, To;nfO{ …hnÚ eGb5g\ . k/Gt' :jfefljs u'0f,
hnsf] /; xf], tyf ¿k–:kz{ clUg / jfo'sf] of]un] x'G5 .
cK;' zLttf .. —j}z]lifs -c=@÷cf=@÷;"=%_ ..
/ hndf zLtnTj klg u'0f :jfefljs xf] .
t]hf] ¿k:kz{jt\ .. —j}z]lifs -c=@÷cf=!÷;"=#_ ..
hf] ¿kjfnf / :kz{jfnf 5, Tof] …t]hÚ xf] . k/Gt' o;df ¿k :jfefljs / :kz{ jfo'sf] of]un]
ubf{ x'G5 .
:kz{jfg\ jfo'M .. —j}z]lifs -c=@÷cf=!÷;"=$_ ..
:kz{ u'0fjfnf …jfo'Ú xf] . k/Gt' o;df klg pi0ftf, zLttf, t]h / hnsf] of]un] x'G5 .
t cfsfz] g ljBGt] .. —j}z]lifs -c=@÷cf=!÷;"=%_ ..
¿k, /;, uGw / :kz{ cfsfzdf 5}g . lsGt'… zAbÚ g} cfsfzsf] u'0f xf] .
lgiqmd0f+ k|j]zgldTofsfz:o lnËd\ .. —j}z]lifs -c=@÷cf=!÷;"=@)_ ..
h;df k|j]z / lg:sg] x'G5, Tof] …cfsfzÚ sf] lnË xf] .
sføof{Gt/fk|fb'ef{jfRr zAbM :kz{jtfdu'0fM .. —j}z]lifs -c=@÷cf=!÷;"=@%_ ..
cGo k[YjL cflb sfo{x¿b]lv k|s6 gx'gfn] zAbÙ :kz{u'0fjfnf e"ld cflbsf] u'0f x'Fb}g . lsGt'
zAb cfsfzsf] g} u'0f xf] .
ck/:dÌk/+ o'uklRr/+ lIfk|ldlt sfnlnËflg .. —j}z]lifs -c=@÷cf=@÷;"=^_ ..
h;df ck/, k/, -o'ukt\_ Psk6s, -lr/d\_ ljnDa, -lIfk|d\_ zL3| OToflb k|of]u x'G5g\,
To;nfO{ …sfnÚ eGb5g\ .
lgTo]ijefjfblgTo]if' efjfTsf/0f] sfnfVo]lt .. —j}z]lifs -c=@÷cf=@÷;"=(_ ..
hf] lgTo kbfy{x¿df 5}g / clgTodf 5, o;}n] sf/0fdf g} sfn ;+1f xf] .
Ot Obldlt ot:tl2Zo+ lnËd\ .. —j}z]lifs -c=@÷cf=@÷;"=!)_ ..
oxfFb]lv of] k"j{, blIf0f, klZrd, pQ/, dfly, tn, h;df of] Jojxf/ x'G5, p;}nfO{ …lbzfÚ
eGb5g\ .
cflbTo;+of]ufb\ e"tk"jf{b\ eljiotf] e"tfRr k|frL .. —j}z]lifs -c=@÷cf=@÷;"=!$_ ..
h;af6 k|yd cflbTosf] ;+of]u ePsf] xf], 5, x'g]5, To;nfO{ …k"j{Ú lbzf eGb5g\, / hxfF c:t
x'G5, p;nfO{ …klZrdÚ, k"jf{led'v dg'iosf] bflxg]lt/ …blIf0fÚ / afofFlt/nfO{ …pQ/Ú lbzf elgG5 .
Pt]g lbuGt/fnflg JofVoftflg .. —j}z]lifs -c=@÷cf=@÷;"=!^_ ..
o;b]lv h'g k"j{–blIf0fsf] aLrdf lbzf 5 To;nfO{ …cfUg]oLÚ, blIf0f–klZrdsf] aLrnfO{
…g}C{ltÚ klZrd–pQ/sf] aLrsf] nflu …jfojLÚ / pQ/–k"j{sf] aLrsf] nflu …P]zfgLÚ lbzf eGb5g\ .
OR5få]ifk|oTg;'vb'Mv1fgfGofTdgf] lnËldlt .. —Gofozf:q -c=!÷cf=!÷;"=!)_ ..
h;df -OR5f_ /fu, -å]if_ j}/, -k|oTg_ k'?iffy{Ù ;'vÙ b'MvÙ -1fg_ hfÌ' u'0f xf], Tof] hLjfTdf .
j}z]lifsdf olt ljz]if 5—
k|f0ff˜kfglgd]iff]Gd]ifhLjgdgf]utLlGb|ofGt/ljsf/fM ;'vb'Mv]R5få]ifk|oTgfZrfTdgf] lnËflg ..
—j}z]lifs -cWofo #÷cflÂs @÷;"q $_ ..
-k|f0f_ leqaf6 jfo'nfO{ lgsfNg', -ckfg_ aflx/af6 jfo'nfO{ leq lng', -lgd]if_ cfFvfnfO{ tn
kfg'{, -pGd]if_ cfFvfnfO{ dfly p7fpg', -hLjg_ k|f0fnfO{ wf/0f ug'{, -dgM_ dgg ljrf/ cyf{t\ 1fg,
-ult_ oy]i6 udg ug'{, -OlGb|o_ OlGb|ox¿nfO{ ljifox¿df rnfpg', ltgaf6 ljifox¿sf] u|x0f ug'{,
-cGtlj{sf/_ If'wf, t[iff, Hj/, kL8f cflb ljsf/x¿ x'g', ;'v, b'Mv, OR5f, å]if / k|oTg oL ;a}
cfTdfsf lnË cyf{t\ sd{ / u'0f x'g\ .
o'ukH1fgfg'TklQd{g;f] lnËd\ .. —Gofozf:q -cWofo !÷cflÂs !÷;"q !^_ ..
h;af6 Ps sfndf b'O6f kbfy{sf] u|x0f, 1fg x'Fb}g, To;nfO{ …dgÚ eGb5g\ . of] b|Josf]
:j¿k / nIf0f elgof] . ca u'0fsf] af/]df atfOG5—
 ¿k/;uGw:kzf{M ;+VofM kl/df0fflg k[ySTj+ ;+of]u–ljefuf} k/Tjf˜k/Tj] a'4oM ;'vb'Mv]R5få]iff}
k|oTgfZr u'0ffM .. —j}z]lifs -c=!÷cf=!÷;"=^_ ..
¿k, /;, uGw, :kz{, ;+Vof, kl/df0f, k[ySTj, ;+of]u, ljefu, k/Tj, ck/Tj, a'l4, ;'v, b'Mv,
OR5f, å]if, k|oTg, u'?Tj, b|jTj, :g]x, ;+:sf/, wd{, cwd{ / zAb, oL @$nfO{ u'0f eGb5g\ .
b|Jof>øou'0fjfg\ ;+of]uljefu]ijsf/0fdgk]If Olt u'0fnIf0fd\ ..
—j}z]lifs -c=!÷cf=!÷;"=!^_ ..
u'0f To;nfO{ eGb5g\ ls hf] b|Josf] cf>odf /xG5, cGo u'0fnfO{ wf/0f ub}{g, ;+of]u /
ljefux¿df sf/0f gxf];\, -cgk]If_ cyf{t\ Ps bf];|fsf] ck]Iff gxf];\, ltgsf] gfd …u'0fÚ xf] .
>f]qf]knlAwa'{'l4lgu|f{XoM k|of]u]0ff˜leHjlnt cfsfzb]zM zAbM .. —dxfefio -!÷!÷@÷@_ ..
h;sf] >f]qaf6 k|flKt x'G5 Tof] zAb, / h;nfO{ a'l4n] u|x0f ub{5 Tof] zAb, / h'g k|of]un]
k|sflzt x'G5 Tof] zAb, / cfsfz h;sf] b]z xf], To;nfO{ klg …zAbÚ elgG5 . g]qaf6 h;sf] u|x0f
x'G5 Tof] ¿k, lha|f]af6 h'g ldi6flb cg]s k|sf/sf] u|x0f x'G5 Tof] /;, gfl;sfaf6 h;sf] u|x0f x'G5
Tof] uGw, Tjrfaf6 h;sf] u|x0f x'G5 Tof] :kz{, Ps–lå OToflb ;+VofÖh;af6 kbfy{x¿sf] u0fgf
x'G5, -kl/df0f_ h;af6 tf}n cyf{t\ xn'sf] jf ef/L ljlbt x'G5, -k[ySTj_ Ps bf];|faf6 cnu, -;+of]u_
Ps bf];|f];Fu ldNg', -ljefu_ Ps ldn]sfsf] cg]s 6'qmf x'g', -k/Tj_ o;b]lv of] k/ 5 -ck/_ p;b]lv
of] j/ 5, -a'l4_ 1fg, -;'v_ cfgGb, -b'Mv_ Sn]z, -OR5f_ /fu, -å]if_ lj/f]w, j}/, -k|oTg_ cg]s
k|sf/sf] an k'?iffy{, -u'?Tj_ ef/Lkg, -b|jTj_ klUng', -:g]x_ k|Llt / lrKnf]kgf, -;+:sf/_ bf];|fsf]
of]ub]lv jf;gf x'g', -wd{_ Gofofr/0f / sl7gTjflb, -cwd{_ cGofofr/0f / sl7gtfb]lv lj?4
sf]dntf, oL @$ u'0f x'g\ .
pTIf]k0fdjIf]k0fdfs'~rg+ k|;f/0f+ udgldlt sdf{l0f .. —j}z]lifs -c=!÷cf=!÷;"=&_ ..
-pTIf]k0f_ dflylt/ r]i6f ug'{, -cjIf]k0f_ tnlt/ r]i6f ug'{, -cfs'~rg_ ;Íf]r ug'{–v'lDrg',
-k|;f/0f_ k}mng', -udg_ ;defudf ult ug'{ cyf{t\ rNg', cfpg'–hfg', 3'Dg' cflb x'G5g\, lognfO{ sd{
eGb5g\ . logsf] nIf0f—
Psb|Jodu'0f+ ;+of]uljefu]ijgk]Ifsf/0fldlt sd{nIf0fd\ .. —j}z]lifs -c=!÷cf=!÷;"=!&_ ..
…Ps+ b|Jodf>o cfwf/f] o:o tb]sb|Jod\, g ljBt] u'0ff] o:o ol:+d:tbu'0fd\, ;+of]u]if' ljefu]if'
rf˜k]Iff/lxt+ sf/0f+ tTsd{nIf0fd\Ú cyjf …ot\ lqmot] tTsd{, nIot] o]g tNnIf0fd\ sd{0ff] nIf0f+
sd{nIf0fd\Ú Ps b|Josf] cfl>t, u'0fb]lv /lxt, ;+of]u / ljefu x'gdf ck]Iff/lxt sf/0f xf], To;nfO{
…sd{Ú eGb5g\ .
b|Jou'0fsd{0ff+ b|Jo+ sf/0f+ ;fdfGod\ .. —j}z]lifs -c=!÷cf=!÷;"=!*_ ..
h'g sfo{–b|Jo, u'0f / sd{sf] sf/0f b|Jo xf], Tof] ;fdfGo b|Jo xf] .
b|Jof0ff+ b|Jo+ sføo{+ ;fdfGod\ .. —j}z]lifs -c=!÷cf=!÷;"=@#_ ..
h'g b|Jox¿sf] sfo{ b|Jo g} xf], Tof] sfo{kgb]lv ;a} sfo{x¿ ;fdfGo x'g\ .
b|JoTj+ u'0fTj+ sd{Tj~r ;fdfGoflg ljz]iffZr .. —j}z]lifs -c=!÷cf=@÷;"=%_ ..
b|Jox¿df b|Jokg, u'0fx¿df u'0fkg, sd{x¿df sd{kg oL ;a} …;fdfGoÚ / …ljz]ifÚ elgG5g\ .
lsgeg] b|Jox¿df b|JoTj ;fdfGo, / u'0fTj sd{Tjb]lv b|JoTj ljz]if xf], o;} k|sf/n] ;j{q hfÌ' .
;fdfGo+ ljz]if Olt a'4Øk]Ifd\ .. —j}z]lifs -c=!÷cf=@÷;"=#_ ..
;fdfGo / ljz]if, a'l4sf] ck]Iffn] l;4 x'G5g\ . h:t}— dg'io JolQmx¿df dg'ioTj ;fdfGo /
kz'Tjflbb]lv ljz]if tyf :qLTj / k'?ifTj logdf a|fXd0fTj, IflqoTj, j}ZoTj, z"b|Tj klg ljz]if x'g\ .
a|fXd0f JolQmx¿df a|fXd0fTj ;fdfGo / Iflqoflbb]lv ljz]if xf], o;} k|sf/n] ;j{q hfÌ' .
Ox]bldlt otM sfo{sf/0fof]M ; ;djfoM .. —j}z]lifs -c=&÷cf=@÷;"=@^_ ..
o;df of], h:t} b|Jodf lqmof, u'0fLdf u'0f, JolQmdf hflt, cjojdf cjojL, sfo{df sf/0f
cyf{t\ lqmof–lqmofjfg\, u'0f–u'0fL, hflt–JolQm, sfo{–sf/0f, cjoj–cjojL, logsf] lgTo ;DaGw
x'gfn] …;djfoÚ elgG5, / h'g b|Jox¿sf] k/:k/ ;DaGw x'G5, Tof] ;+of]u cyf{t\ clgTo ;DaGw xf] .
b|Jou'0fof]M ;hftLof/DesTj+ ;fwDo{d\ .. —j}z]lifs -c=!÷cf=!÷;"=(_ ..
h'g ;dfghftLos b|Jo / u'0fsf] sfo{sf] cf/De x'G5, To;nfO{ …;fwDo{Ú eGb5g\ . h:t}
k[YjLdf h8Tj wd{ / 36flbsfof]{TkfbsTj :j;b[z wd{ xf], To:t} hndf klg h8Tj / lxd cflb
:j;b[z sfo{sf] cf/De, k[YjLsf] ;fy hnsf] / hnsf] ;fy k[YjLsf] t'No wd{ xf] . cyf{t\
b|Jou'0fof]lj{hftLof/DesTj+ j}wDo{d\ of] ljlbt eof] ls h'g b|Jo / u'0fsf] lj?4 wd{ / sfo{sf] cf/De
xf], To;}nfO{ …j}wDo{Ú eGb5g\, h;/L k[YjLdf sl7gTj, z'isTj / uGwŒj wd{ hnb]lv lj?4 / hnsf]
b|jTj, sf]dntf / /;u'0fo'Qmkg k[YjLb]lv lj?4 5 .
sf/0ff˜efjfTsfof{˜efjM .. —j}z]lifs -c=!÷cf=@÷;"=!_ ..
sf/0fsf] gx'gfn], sfo{ slxNo} klg x'Fb}g .
sf/0fefjfTsfo{efjM .. —j}z]lifs -c=$÷cf=!÷;"=#_ ..
sf/0f ePdf dfq} sfo{ x'G5 .
g t' sfof{efjfTsf/0ffefjM .. —j}z]lifs -c=!÷cf=@÷;"=@_ ..
sfo{sf] cefjn] sf/0fsf] cefj x'Fb}g .
sf/0fu'0fk"j{sM sfo{u'0ff] b[i6M .. —j}z]lifs -c=@÷cf=!÷;"=@$_ ..
h;/L sf/0fdf u'0f x'G5g\, To;/L g} sfo{df klg x'G5g\ . kl/df0f b'O{ k|sf/sf] x'G5—
c0f'dxlblt tl:dlGjz]ifefjflåz]iffefjfRr .. —j}z]lifs -c=&÷cf=!÷;"=!!_ ..
-c0f'_ ;"Id, -dxt\_ 7"nf], ;fk]If xf] . h:t} q;/]0f' lnIff eGbf ;fgf] / åØ0f's eGbf 7"nf] xf],
tyf kxf8 k[YjL eGbf ;fgf], j[Ifx¿ eGbf 7"nf] xf] .
;lblt otf] b|Jou'0fsd{;' ;f ;Qf .. —j}z]lifs -c=!÷cf=@÷;"=&_ ..
h'g b|Jo, u'0f / sd{x¿df ;t\ zAb clGjt /xG5, cyf{t\ -;b\ b|Jod\–;g\ u'0fM—;Tsd{_ ;t\
b|Jo, ;t\ u'0f, ;t\ sd{ . cyf{t\ jt{dfg sfnjfrL zAbsf] cGjo ;a}sf] ;fydf /xG5 .
efjf]˜g'j[Q]/]j x]t'TjfT;fdfGod]j .. —j}z]lifs -c=!÷cf=@÷;"=$_ ..
h'g ;a}sf] ;fy cg'jt{dfg x'gfn] ;Qf¿k efj xf], To;nfO{ …dxf;fdfGoÚ elgG5 . of] qmd
efj¿k b|Jox¿sf] xf], / h'g cefj xf] Tof] kfFr k|sf/sf] x'G5 .
lqmofu'0fJokb]zfefjfTk|fu;t\ .. —j}z]lifs -c=(÷cf=!÷;"=!_ ..
lqmof / u'0fsf] ljz]if lgldQsf] cefjn] k|fs\ cyf{t\ k"j{ -c;t\_ lyPg . h:t} 36, j:qflb
pTklQsf] k"j{ lyPgg\, o;sf] gfd …k|fuefjÚ . bf];|f]—
;b;t\ .. —j}z]lifs -c=(÷cf=!÷;"=@_ ..
h'g eP/ /xFb}g . h:t} 36 pTkÌ eP/ gi6 x'G5, of] …k|Wj+;fefjÚ elgG5 . t];|f]—
;Rrf;t\ .. —j}z]lifs -c=(÷cf=!÷;"=$_ ..
h'g x'G5 / x'Fb}g klg . h:t} …cuf}/Zjf]˜gZjf] uf}MÚ of] 3f]8f ufO{ xf]Og / of] ufO{ 3f]8f xf]Og .
cyf{t\ 3f]8fdf ufO{sf] / ufO{df 3f]8fsf] cefj / ufO{df ufO{ / 3f]8fdf 3f]8fsf] efj 5 . o;nfO{
cGof]˜Gofefj elgG5 . rf}yf]—
oRrfGob;bt:tb;t\ .. —j}z]lifs -c=(÷cf=!÷;"=%_ ..
h'g k"jf]{Qm tLg} cefjb]lv leÌ 5, To;nfO{ …cToGtfefjÚ eGb5g\ . h:t}—…g/z[ËÚ cyf{t\
dg'iosf] ;L+u, …vk'ikÚ cfsfzsf] k"mn / …aGWofk'qÚ sf] k'q OToflb . kfFrf}+—
gfl:t 36f] u]x Olt ;tf] 36:o u]x;+;u{k|ltif]wM .. —j}z]lifs -c=(÷cf=!÷;"=!)_ ..
3/df 38f 5}g cyf{t\ cGoq 5, 3/sf] ;fy 38fsf] ;DaGw 5}g . logLx¿nfO{ kfFrf}+ cefj
elgG5 .
OlGb|obf]iffT;+:sf/bf]iffRrfljBf .. —j}z]lifs -c=(÷cf=@÷;"=!)_ ..
OlGb|ox¿sf] / ;+:sf/sf] bf]ifaf6 cljBf pTkÌ x'G5 .
t2'i6+ 1fgd\ .. —j}z]lifs -c=(÷cf=@÷;"=!!_ ..
h'g b'i6 1fg xf] cyf{t\ ljk/Lt 1fg xf], To;}nfO{ …cljBfÚ eGb5g\ .
cb'i6+ ljBf .. —j}z]lifs -c=(÷cf=@÷;"=!@_ ..
h'g cb'i6 cyf{t\ oyfy{ 1fg xf], To;nfO{ …ljBfÚ eGb5g\ .
k[lyJoflb¿k/;uGw:kzf{ b|JoflgToTjfblgTofZr .. —j}z]lifs -c=&÷cf=!÷;"=@_ ..
Pt]g lgTo]if' lgToTjd'Qmd\ .. —j}z]lifs -c=&÷cf=!÷;"=#_ ..
h'g sfo{¿k k[lyJoflb kbfy{ / pgdf ¿k, /;, uGw, :kz{ u'0f 5g\, oL ;a} b|Jox¿sf] clgTo
x'gfn] clgTo x'g\, / h'g o;af6 sf/0f¿k k[lyJoflb lgTo b|Jox¿df uGwflb u'0f 5g\, tL lgTo x'g\ .
;bsf/0fjlÌTod\ .. —j}z]lifs -c=$÷cf=!÷;"=!_ ..
 h'g ljBdfg 5 / h;sf] sf/0f s'g} klg 5}g, Tof] lgTo xf] . cyf{t\ …;Tsf/0fjblgTod\Ú h'g
sf/0fjfnf sfo{¿k b|Jo u'0f xf], To;nfO{ clgTo elgG5 .
c:o]b+ sfo{+ sf/0f+ ;+of]lu lj/f]lw ;djflo r]lt n}lËsd\ . —j}z]lifs -c=(÷cf=@÷;"=!_ ..
o;sf] of], sfo{ jf sf/0f xf], OToflb ;djflo, ;+of]lu, Psfy{;djflo / lj/f]lw of] rf/
k|sf/sf] n}lËs cyf{t\ lnË–lnlËsf] ;DaGwn] 1fg x'G5 . …;djfloÚ h:tf] cfsfz kl/df0fjfnf xf],
…;+of]luÚ h:tf] z/L/ Tjrfjfnf xf], OToflbsf] lgTo ;+of]u x'G5, …Psfy{;djfloÚ Ps cy{df b'O6f /xg',
h:tf] sfo{¿k—:kz{ sfo{sf] lnË cyf{t\ hfÌ]jfnf xf], …lj/f]lwÚ—h:tf] e};s]sf] j[li6 x'g]jfnf j[li6sf]
lj/f]wL lnË xf] .
…JoflKtÚ—
lgotwd{;flxTod'eof]/]st/:o jf JoflKtM .. —;f+Vozf:q—@( ..
lghzSTo'b\ejldTofrfof{M .. —;f+Vozf:q—#! ..
cfw]ozlQmof]u Olt k~rlzvM .. —;f+Vozf:q—#@ ..
h'g b'O6} ;fWo ;fwg cyf{t\ l;4 ug{ of]Uo / h;af6 l;4 ul/G5 tL b'O6} cyjf Ps,
;fwgdfqsf] lglZrt wd{sf] ;xrf/ xf], To;}nfO{ …JoflKtÚ eGb5g\ . h:tf] w"d / clUgsf] ;xrf/
xf] ..@(.. tyf JofKt h'g w"d p;sf] lgh zlQmn] pTkÌ x'G5 cyf{t\ ha b]zfGt/df b"/ w'jfF hfG5
ta lagf clUgsf] of]un] klg w'jfF :jo+ /xG5, To;}sf] gfd JoflKt xf], cyf{t\ clUgsf] 5]bg, e]bg,
;fdYo{n] hnflb kbfy{ w"d¿kdf k|s6 x'G5 ..#!.. h:t} dxQŒjflbdf k|s[Toflbsf] Jofkstf /
a'4Øflbdf JofKotf wd{sf] ;DaGwsf] gfd JoflKt xf], h;/L zlQm cfw]o¿k / zlQmdfg\ cfwf/¿ksf]
;DaGw xf] ..#@.. OToflb zf:qx¿sf] k|df0fflbaf6 k/LIff u/]/ k9f];\ / k9fcf];\ . cGoyf
ljBfyL{x¿nfO{ ;Tosf] af]w slxNo} klg x'g ;Sb}g . h'g–h'g u|GynfO{ k9fpF5, To;–To;sf] k"jf]{Qm
k|sf/n] k/LIff u/]/ h'g ;To 7xl/G5, ToxL–ToxL u|Gy k9fcf];\ . h'g–h'g oL k/LIffx¿b]lv lj?4
x'G5g\, tL–tL u|Gyx¿ gk9f];\ / gk9fcf];\ . lsgeg]—
nIf0fk|df0ffEof+ j:t'l;l4M .. —Gofozf:q jfT:ofog efio -#÷!÷@*_ ..
nIf0f h:tf] ls uGwjtL k[YjL h'g k[YjL xf] Tof] uGwjfnL xf] . o:tf nIf0f / k|ToIfflb k|df0f,
oL b]lv ;a} ;Tof˜;To / kbfy{sf] lg0f{o x'g hfG5 . o;sf] lagf s]xL klg x'Fb}g .
k7g–kf7gsf] af/]df ljz]if ljlw -#=(_
ca k9\g–k9fpgsf] nflu k|sf/ n]lvG5— k|yd kfl0flgd'lgs[tlzIff h'g ls ;"q¿k xf], o;sf]
/Llt cyf{t\ o; cIf/sf] of] :yfg, of] k|oTg, of] s/0f xf] . h:t} …kÚ o;sf] cf]i7 :yfg, :k[i6 k|oTg
/ k|f0f tyf lha|f]sf] lqmof ug{'nfO{ …s/0fÚ eGb5g\ . o; k|sf/ oyfof]Uo ;a} cIf/x¿sf] pRrf/0f
dftf, lktf, cfrfo{n] l;sfOlbg' . tbgGt/ Jofs/0f cyf{t\ k|yd ci6fWofoLsf] ;"qx¿sf] kf7, h:t}
…j[l4/fb}r\Ú -ci6fWofoL cWofo !÷kfb !÷;"q !_ k]ml/ kbR5]b h:t} …j[l4M, cft\, P]r\Ú, kZrft\ ;df;
…cfRr P]Rr cfb}r\Ú, k]ml/ cy{— …cfb}rf+ j[l4;+1f lqmot]Ú cf, P], cf} sf] j[l4 ;+1f xf] . …tM k/f]
o:dfT; tk/:tfblk k/:tk/MÚ tsf/ h;b]lv k/ / h'g tsf/b]lv klg k/ xf];\, To;nfO{ …tk/Ú
elgG5 . o;af6 l;4 eof] ls h'g cfsf/b]lv k/ t\ / tsf/b]lv k/ P]r\ b'O6} tk/ x'g\ . tk/sf]
k|of]hg o; sf/0fn] xf] ls x|:j / Kn'tsf] j[l4 ;+1f ePg .
pbf/x0f …efuMÚ oxfF …eh\Ú wft'af6 …3`\Ú k|Toosf] k/ …3\, `\Ú sf] OT;+1f, nf]k, esf/:y
csf/sf] :yfgdf …cfÚ j[l4 eof] eg] t …efh\Ú . k'gM …h\Ú sf] u\ xf];\, csf/sf] ;fydf ldn]/ …efuMÚ
o:tf] k|of]u eof] .
…cWofoMÚ oxfF clwk"j{s …Oª\Ú wft'sf] x|:j Osf/sf] :yfgdf …3`\Ú k|Toosf] k/ …P]Ú j[l4 xf];\,
…cfo\Ú xf];\, ldn]/ …cWofoMÚ .
…gfosMÚ oxfF …gL`\Ú wft'sf] bL3{ O{sf/sf] :yfgdf …0j'n\Ú k|Toosf] k/ …P]Ú j[l4 xf];\, …cfoÚ
ldn]/ …gfosMÚ .
/ …:tfjsMÚ oxfF …:t'Ú wft'af6 …0j'n\Ú, x|:j psf/sf] …cf}Ú j[l4 …cfj\Ú cfb]z eP/ csf/df
ldNof] eg] t …:tfjsMÚ .
-s[`\_ wft'b]lv cufl8 …0j'n\Ú, k|Too p;sf] …0f\, n\Ú sf] OT;+1f eP/ nf]k, …j'Ú sf] :yfgdf
…csÚ cfb]z / Csf/sf] :yfgdf …cf/\Ú j[l4 eP/ …sf/sMÚ l;4 eof], / h'g–h'g ;"q cufl8 k5fl8sf],
k|of]udf nfUb5, To;sf] sfo{ ;a} atfOof];\ / v/Lkf6L cyjf sf7sf] kf6Ldf b]vfpFb}–b]vfpFb} sfFrf]
¿k wb}{ h:t} …eh±3`\±;'Ú . k|yd wft'sf] csf/sf] nf]ksf] kZrft\ 3\sf/ `\sf] nf]k eP/
…eh\±c±;'Ú o:tf] /Xof], k]ml/ …efu\±c±;'Ú, …efu±;'Ú k]ml/ efu¿F, k]ml/ efu¿+, k]ml/ efu\/ k'gM
efuM . h'g–h'g ;"qaf6 h'g–h'g sfo{ x'g' 5, To;–To;nfO{ k9]/ / n]Vg]–n]vfpg] ub}{ sfo{ ub}{–ub}{
hfg' . o; k|sf/n] k9\g]–k9fpg] ugf{n] /fd|f];Fu b[9 af]w x'G5 .
Ps k6s o;} k|sf/n] ci6fWofoL k9fP/ wft'kf7, cy{ / bz nsf/x¿sf] ¿k tyf k|lqmof
;lxt ;"qx¿sf] pT;u{ cyf{t\ ;fdfGo;"q h:t}— …sd{0o0f\Ú -ci6f=#÷@÷!_ sd{ pkkb nfu]sf] 5 eg]
t ;a} wft'n] dfq} c0f\ k|Too xf];\, h;/L …s'Desf/MÚ . kZrft\ ckjfb ;"q h:t} …cftf]˜g'k;u]{ sMÚ
-ci6f=#÷@÷#_ pk;u{leq sd{ pkkb nfu]sf] 5 eg] t cfsf/fGt wft'af6 …sÚ k|Too xf];\ . cyf{t\
h'g ax'Jofks h:tf] ls sdf]{kkb nfu]sf] 5 eg] t ;a} wft'af6 …c0f\Ú k|fKt x'G5, To;b]lv ljz]if
cyf{t\ cNk ljifo p;} k"j{ ;"qsf] ljifob]lv cfsf/fGt wft'sf] …sÚ k|Toon] u|x0f u/]/ lnof], h;/L
pT;u{sf] ljifodf ckjfb ;"qsf] k|j[lQ x'G5, To;/L ckjfbsf] ljifodf pT;u{sf] k|j[lQ x'Fb}g . h:t}
rqmjtL{ /fhfsf] /fHodf df08lns / e"ldbf/x¿sf] k|j[lQ x'G5, To:tf] df08lns /fhflbsf] /fHodf
rqmjtL{sf] k|j[lQ x'Fb}g . o;} k|sf/ kfl0flg dxlif{n] xhf/f}+ Znf]sx¿sf] aLrdf clvn zAb, cy{ /
;DaGwx¿sf] ljBf k|ltkflbt ul/lbPsf 5g\ .
wft'kf7sf] kZrft\ p0fflbu0fnfO{ k9fpgdf ;j{ ;'aGtsf] ljifo /fd|f];Fu k9fP/ k'gM bf];|f]
k6s zÍf, ;dfwfg, jflQ{s, sfl/sf, kl/efiffsf] 36gfk"j{s ci6fWofoLsf] låtLofg'j[lQ k9fcf];\ .
tbgGt/ dxfefio k9fcf];\ . cyf{t\ hf] a'l4dfg\, k'?iffyL{, lgisk6L, ljBfj[l4nfO{ rfxg]jfnf lgTo
k9f];\–k9fcf];\ t 8]9 jif{df ci6fWofoL / 8]9 jif{df dxfefio k9]/ tLg jif{df k"0f{ j}ofs/0f eP/
j}lbs / nf}lss zAbx¿sf] Jofs/0fb]lv af]w x'Fb} k'gM cGo zf:qx¿nfO{ zL3| k9\g–k9fpg ;Sb5 .
lsGt' h:tf] 7"nf] kl/>d Jofs/0fdf x'g] ub{5, To:tf] >d cGo zf:qx¿df ug{ kb}{g, / hlt af]w
lognfO{ k9\gfn] tLg jif{df x'G5, Tolt af]w s'u|Gy ;f/:jt, rlGb|sf, sf}d'bL, dgf]/dflbnfO{ k9\gfn]
krf; jif{df klg x'g ;Sb}g . lsgeg] hf] dxfzo dxlif{ hgx¿n] ;xhtf;Fu dxfg\ ljifo cfˆgf]
u|Gydf k|sflzt u/]sf 5g\, To:tf] oL If'b|fzo, dg'iosf] slNkt u|Gyx¿df s;/L x'g ;Sb5 / Û
dxlif{ hgx¿sf] cfzo, hxfF;Dd x'g ;Sb5 jxfF;Dd ;'ud / h;sf] u|x0fdf ;do yf]/} nfUb5, o;
k|sf/sf] x'G5 / If'b|fzo hgx¿sf] dg;f o:tf] x'G5 ls hxfF;Dd aÌ ;Sb5 ToxfF ;Dd sl7g /rgf
ug]{, h;nfO{ a8f] kl/>dn] cNk nfe p7fpg ;s"g\, h:t} kxf8nfO{ vÌ', sf}8Lsf] nfe kfpg' . cfif{
u|Gyx¿nfO{ k9\g' o:tf] xf] ls Ps uf]tf nufpg', ax'd"No df]ltnfO{ kfpg' .
Jofs/0fnfO{ k9]/ of:sd'lgs[t lg306' / lg?Qm 5M jf cf7 dlxgfdf ;fy{s k9f];\ /
k9fcf];\ . cGo gfl:tss[t cd/sf]zflbdf cg]s jif{ Joy{ gu'dfpg' . tbgGt/ lkËnfrfo{s[t
5Gbf]u|Gy h;af6 j}lbs nf}lss 5Gbx¿sf] kl/1fg, gjLg /rgf / Znf]s agfpg] /Llt klg oyfjt\
l;sf];\ . o; u|Gy / Znf]sx¿sf] /rgf tyf k|:tf/nfO{ rf/ dlxgfdf l;s]/ k9\g–k9fpg ;lsG5, /
j[Q/Tgfs/ cflb cNka'l4k|slNkt u|Gyx¿df cg]s jif{ g latfpg' . tTkZrft\ dg':d[lt, jfNdLls
/fdfo0f / dxfef/tsf] pBf]ukjf{Gtu{t ljb'/gLlt cflb /fd|f k|s/0f h;af6 b'i6 Jo;g b"/ xf];\ /
pQd ;Eotf k|flKt xf];\, To:t} sfJo/Llt cyf{t\ kbR5]b, kbfyf]{lQm, cGjo, ljz]io, ljz]if0f /
efjfy{nfO{ cWofksn] hgfOlbg' / ljBfyL{x¿n] hfGb} hfg' . lognfO{ Ps jif{ leq} k9]/ ;s"g\ .
tbgGt/ k"j{dLdf+;f, j}z]lifs, Gofo, of]u, ;f+Vo / j]bfGt cyf{t\ hxfF;Dd aÌ ;Sb5,
jxfF;Dd Clifs[t JofVof;lxt cyjf pQd ljåfg\x¿sf] ;/n JofVofo'Qm 5M zf:qx¿nfO{ k9f];\–
k9fcf];\ . k/Gt' j]bfGtsf] ;"qnfO{ k9\g eGbf k"j{ O{z, s]g, s7, k|Zg, d'08s, df08"So, P]t/]oL,
t}lQ/]oL, 5fGbf]Uo / a[xbf/0os oL bz pklgifb\x¿nfO{ k9]/ 5M zf:qx¿sf] efio j[lQ;lxt
;"qx¿nfO{ b'O{ jif{leqdf k9f];\ / k9fcf];\ . kZrft\ 5M jif{x¿sf] leqdf rf/} a|fXd0f cyf{t\ P]t/]o,
ztky, ;fd / uf]ky a|fXd0fx¿sf] ;lxt rf/} j]bx¿sf :j/, zAb, cy{, ;DaGw tyf lqmof;lxt
k9\g of]Uo 5 . o;df k|df0f—
S/w/a[ury</ -a?rh/ar> ik/la-U?dxI/Ty/ ved</ n iv?j/anait/ yae=W<a?m! ,

yae=WR<a?}/ #Ts/k?l< -/Ôm?Znute/ nak?meit/ }an?ivxUtpaPma .

—of] lg?Qm -!÷!*_ sf] dGq xf] ..
h;n] j]bsf] :j/ / kf7dfq k9]/ cy{nfO{ hfGb}g, Tof] h:tf] j[If–8fnL, kft, kmn, k"mn /
cGo kz'–wfGo cflbsf] ef/ p7fpF5, To:t} ef/jfx cyf{t\ ef/nfO{ p7fpg]jfnf xf], / h;n] j]bnfO{
k9\5 / pgsf oyfjt\ cy{ hfGb5, ToxL ;Dk"0f{ cfgGbnfO{ k|fKt eP/ b]xfGtsf] kZrft\ 1fgn]
kfkx¿nfO{ 5f]8]/, kljq wdf{r/0fsf] k|tfkn] ;jf{gGbnfO{ k|fKt x'G5 .
%/t Tv/> pZy/Ú d?dzR/ vac?mu/t Tv?> z&/{vÚ z&?[aeTyenam! ,

%/tae Tv?SmE t/Nv<1/? ivs?öe ja/yev/ pTy? %z/tI su/vasa?> . —CUj]b -d+=!)÷;"=&!÷d+=$_ ..
hf] cljåfg\ 5g\ ltgn] ;'Gbf;'Gb} klg ;'Gb}gg\, b]Vbfb]Vb} klg b]Vb}gg\, af]Nbfaf]Nb} klg af]Nb}gg\
cyf{t\ cljåfg\ hgx¿n] o; ljBf jf0fLsf] /x:onfO{ hfÌ ;Sb}gg\ / h;n] zAb, cy{ / ;DaGwnfO{
hfGb5 p;sf] nflu ljBf— h;/L ;'Gb/ j:q cfe"if0f wf/0f u/]sL, cfˆgf] kltsf] sfdgf ubL{ :qL
cfˆgf] z/L/ :j¿ksf] k|sfz kltsf] ;fd'Ì] ub{5]— To:t} ljBf ljåfg\sf] nflu cfˆgf] :j¿k k|sfz
ub{5, cljåfg\x¿sf] nflu xf]Og .
\/cae A/]re? pr/me Vyae?m/NyiS?mNde/va Aix/ ivñe? in;e/du> ,

yStÚ ved/ ikm&/ca k?ir:yit/ y #ÄiÖ/duSt #/me sma?ste . —CUj]b -d+=!÷;"=!^$÷d+=#(_ ..

h'g Jofks cljgfzL ;jf]{Ts[i6 k/d]Zj/df ;a} ljåfg\ / k[YjL ;"o{ cflb ;a} nf]s l:yt 5g\,
ls h;df ;a} j]bx¿sf] d'Vo tfTko{ xf], p; a|XdnfO{ h;n] hfGb}g, To;n] CUj]bflbb]lv s] ;'vnfO{
k|fKt ug{ g} ;Sb5 / < xf]Og–xf]Og lsGt' h;n] j]bnfO{ k9]/ wdf{Tdf, of]uL eP/ a|XdnfO{ hfGb5g\,
tL ;a} k/d]Zj/df l:yt eP/ d'lQm¿kL k/dfgGbnfO{ k|fKt x'G5g\ . o;}n] h]–hlt k9\g'–k9fpg' 5,
Tof] cy{1fg;lxt x'g'kb{5 . o; k|sf/n] ;a} j]bx¿nfO{ k9]/, …cfo'j]{bÚ cyf{t\ h'g r/s, ;'>'t cflb
Clif d'lg–k|0fLt j}Bs zf:q 5g\, ltgsf] cy{, lqmof, z:q–5]bg–e]bg, n]k, lrlsT;f, lgbfg, cf}ifw,
kYo, zf/L/, b]z, sfn / j:t'sf] u'0f 1fgk"j{s $ jif{sf] leqdf k9f];\–k9fcf];\ .
tbgGt/ …wg'j]{bÚ cyf{t\ h'g /fHo ;DaGwL sfd ug'{ 5, o;sf b'O{ e]b— Ps lgh
/fhk'?if;DaGwL / csf]{ k|hf;DaGwL xf] . /fhsfo{df ;a} ;ef, ;]gfsf] cWoIf, z:qf:qljBf, gfgf
k|sf/sf] Jo"xx¿sf] cEof; cyf{t\ h;nfO{ cfhef]ln …sjfhÚ eGb5g\ h'g ls zq';Fusf] n8fO{+sf]
;dodf lqmof ug'{kg]{ x'G5, To;nfO{ oyfjt\ l;sf];\ / h'g–h'g k|hfsf] kfng / j[l4 u/fpg] k|sf/
x'g\, ltgnfO{ l;s]/ Gofo k"j{s ;a} k|hfnfO{ k|;Ì /fvf];\, b'i6nfO{ oyfof]Uo b08 / >]i7x¿sf]
kfngsf] k|sf/ ;a k|sf/n] l;sf];\ . o; /fhljBfnfO{ b'O{–b'O{ jif{df l;s]/ …ufGwj{j]bÚ ls h;nfO{
ufgljBf klg eGb5g\, To;df :j/, /fu, /flu0fL, ;do, tfn, u|fd, tfg, jflbq, g[To, uLt cflbnfO{
oyfjt\ l;sf];\, k/Gt' d'Vo u/]/ ;fdj]bsf] ufg jflbqjfbgk"j{s l;sf];\ / gf/b;+lxtf cflb h'g–h'g
cfif{ u|Gy 5g\, ltgnfO{ k9f];\ k/Gt' eF8'jf, j]Zof / ljifof;lQmsf/s j}/fuLx¿sf] ube{zAbjt\ Joy{
cfnfk slxNo} gu/f];\, …cyj{j]bÚ ls h;nfO{ lzNkljBf eGb5g\ To;sf] kbfy{, u'0f–lj1fg–
lqmofsf}zn, gfgfljw kbfy{x¿sf] lgdf{0f, k[YjLb]lv lnP/ cfsfz–ko{Gtsf] ljBfnfO{ oyfjt\ l;s]/
cy{ cyf{t\ h;n] P]Zjo{nfO{ a9fpF5, To; ljBfnfO{ l;s]/ b'O{ jif{df …Hof]ltifzf:qÚ ;"o{l;4fGtflb
h;df aLhul0ft, cÍ, e"uf]n, vuf]n / e"ue{ljBf kb{5, To;nfO{ oyfjt\ l;sf];\ . tTkZrft\ ;a}
k|sf/sf] x:tlqmof, oGqsnf cflbnfO{ l;sf];\ . k/Gt' hlt u|x, gIfq, hGdkq, /flz, d'x"t{ cflbsf]
kmnsf] ljwfos u|Gyx¿ 5g\, ltgnfO{ e'm6f] ;De]m/ slxNo} klg gk9f];\ / gk9fcf];\ . o:tf] k|oTg
k9\g] / k9fpg]jfnfn] u/f];\ ls h;df aL; jf PSsfO{; jif{sf] leq ;du| ljBf pQd lzIff k|fKt
u/]/ dg'iox¿ s[ts[To x'Fb} ;bf cfgGbdf /x"g\ . hlt ljBf o; /Lltaf6 aL; jf PSsfO{; jif{x¿df
x'g ;Sb5, Tolt cGo k|sf/n] ztjif{df klg x'g ;Sb}g .
k|dfl0ft–ck|dfl0ft u|Gyx¿sf] ljifo -#=!)_
Clifk|0fLt u|Gyx¿nfO{ o; sf/0f k9\g'kb{5 ls pgLx¿ 7"nf ljåfg\, ;j{zf:qljt\ / wdf{Tdf
lyP / hf] cg[lif cyf{t\ h;n] cNk zf:q k9]sf 5g\ / h;sf] cfTdf kIfkft;lxt 5, ltgLx¿n]
agfPsf u|Gyx¿ klg To:t}vfn] x'g\ eg]/ hfÌ" .
k"j{dLdf+;fdfly Jof;d'lgs[t JofVof, j}z]lifsdfly uf}tdd'lgs[t k|z:tkfbefio, uf}tdd'lgs[t
Gofo;"qdfly jfT:ofogd'lgs[t efio, kt~hlnd'lgs[t ;"qdfly Jof;d'lgs[t efio, slknd'lgs[t
;f+Vo;"qdfly efu'l/d'lgs[t efio, Jof;d'lgs[t j]bfGt;"qdfly jfT:ofogs[t efio cyjf
af}wfogd'lgs[t efio j[lQ;lxt k9f];\–k9fcf];\, OToflb ;"qx¿nfO{ sNk cËdf klg uÌ'kb{5 . h:t}
Cu\, oh'M, ;fd, cyj{ rf/} j]b O{Zj/s[t x'g\ To:t} P]t/]o, ztky, ;fd / uf]ky rf/} a|fXd0fÙ lzIff,
sNk, Jofs/0f, lg306'–lg?Qm, 5Gb / Hof]ltif 5M j]bx¿sf] cËÙ dLdf+;flb 5M zf:q j]bx¿sf pkfËÙ
cfo'j]{b, wg'j]{b, ufGwj{j]b / cyj{j]b oL rf/} j]bx¿sf pkj]b OToflb ;a} Clif–d'lgn] agfPsf
u|Gyx¿ x'g\ . logdf klg h'g–h'g j]blj?4 k|tLt x'G5, ltg–ltgnfO{ 5f]l8lbg', lsgeg] j]b O{Zj/s[t
x'gfn] lge|f{Gt, …:jtMk|df0fÚ cyf{t\ j]bsf] k|df0f j]b g} x'G5 . a|fXd0fflb ;a} u|Gy …k/tMk|df0fÚ cyf{t\
logsf] k|df0f j]bfwLg xf] . j]bsf] ljz]if JofVof …CUj]bflbefioe"ldsfÚ df x]g'{xf];\ / o; u|Gydf klg
cufl8 n]Vg]5' .
ca h'g kl/Tofusf of]Uo u|Gyx¿ 5g\, ltgsf] kl/u0fg ;+If]kn] ul/G5 . cyf{t\ h'g–h'g tn
u|Gy n]Vg]5', tL–tL hfnu|Gy ;Demg'kb{5 . Jofs/0fdf sftGq, ;f/:jt, rlGb|sf, d'Uwaf]w, sf}d'bL,
z]v/, dgf]/dflb . sf]zdf cd/sf]zflb . 5Gbu|Gyx¿df j[Q/Tgfs/flb . lzIffdf …cy lzIff+ k|jIofld
kfl0fgLo+ dt+ oyfÚ OToflb . Hof]ltifdf zL3|af]w, d'x"t{lrGtfdl0f cflb . sfJodf gflosfe]b,
s'jnofgGb, /3'j+z, df3 . ls/ftfh'{gLoflb . dLdf+;fdf wd{l;Gw', j|tfsf{lb . j}z]lifsdf ts{;+u|xflb .
Gofodf hfubLzL cflb . of]udf x7k|bLlksflb . ;f+Vodf ;f+VotŒjsf}d'Bflb . j]bfGtdf of]ujfl;i7,
k~rbZoflb . j}Bsdf zfË{w/flb . :d[ltx¿df Ps dg':d[lt o;df klg k|lIfKt -kl5 ylkPsf_
Znf]sx¿nfO{ 5f]8]/ cGo ;a} :d[lt, ;a} tGq u|Gy, ;a} k'/f0f, ;a} pkk'/f0f, t'n;Lbf;s[t efiff
/fdfo0f, ?lSd0fLdËnflb / ;j{efiffu|Gy, oL ;a} skf]nslNkt ldYofu|Gy x'g\ .
k|Zg— s] oL u|Gyx¿df s]xL klg ;To 5}g t <
pQ/— yf]/} ;To t 5 k/Gt' o;sf] ;fydf y'k|} c;To klg 5 . o;af6 …ljif;Dk[QmfÌjt\
TofHofMÚ h;/L cTo'Qd cÌ ljifn] o'Qm x'gfn] 5f]8\gof]Uo x'G5, To:t} oL u|Gyx¿ x'g\ .
k|Zg— s] tkfO{+n] k'/f0f Oltxf;nfO{ dfÌ'x'Fb}g <
pQ/— xf] dfGb5', k/Gt' ;TonfO{ dfGb5', ldYofnfO{ xf]Og .
k|Zg— s'g ;To / s'g ldYof xf] t <
pQ/— a|fXd0ffgLltxf;fg\ k'/f0fflg sNkfg\ ufyf gf/fz+;Ll/lt .. –of] u[Xo;"qflbsf] jrg xf] ..
t'ngf—cfZjnfog -u[= ;"= c=#÷s+=#÷d+=!–@_Ù t}lQ/Lo cf/0os -k|kf=@÷cg'=(_ ..
h'g P]t/]oflb, ztkyflb, a|fXd0f n]lvof] pg}sf Oltxf;, k'/f0f, sNk, ufyf / gf/fz+;L kfFr
gfd x'g\, >Ldb\efujtflbsf] gfd k'/f0f xf]Og .
k|Zg— h'g TofHo u|Gyx¿df ;To 5, ltgnfO{ u|x0f lsg ub}{gf} <
pQ/— h]–hlt ltgdf ;To 5, ;f]–;f] j]bflb ;To zf:qx¿sf x'g\, / ldYof hlt ;a} pg}sf
3/sf x'g\ . j]bflb ;To zf:qx¿nfO{ :jLsf/ ugf{;fy ;a} ;Tosf] u|x0f e}xfNb5 . hf] s;}n] oL
ldYof u|Gyx¿af6 ;Tosf] u|x0f ug{ rfxG5g\ eg] t ldYof klg 3fF6Ldf 6fFl;P/ a]l/g] 5 . o;}n]
…c;Told>+ ;To+ b"/t:TofHoldltÚ c;Ton] o'Qm u|Gy:y ;TonfO{ klg 5f]l8lbg' kb{5, h;/L ljifo'Qm
cÌnfO{ .
k|Zg— ltd|f] dt s] xf] <
pQ/— j]b cyf{t\ h]–h] j]bdf ug{ / 5f]8\gsf] nflu lzIff ul/Psf] 5, To;}nfO{ xfdLn] oyfjt\
ug{–5f]8\g dfGb5f}+ . h; sf/0fn] j]b xfdLnfO{ dfGo 5, o;}n] xfd|f] dt j]b xf] . o:tf] dfg]/ g} ;a}
dg'ion], ljz]if u/]/ cfo{x¿n] P]sdTo eP/ /xg'kb{5 .
k|Zg— h:tf] ;Tof˜;To / Ps–bf];|fsf u|Gyx¿sf] k/:k/ lj/f]w 5, To:t} cGo zf:qx¿df
klg 5 . h:tf] ;[li6 ljifodf 5M zf:qsf] lj/f]w 5— dLdf+;f sd{, j}z]lifs sfn, Gofo k/df0f', of]u
k'?iffy{, ;f+Vo k|s[lt / j]bfGtzf:q a|Xdaf6 ;[li6sf] pTklQ dfGb5, s] of] lj/f]w xf]Og <
pQ/— xf]Og, k|yd t lagf ;f+Vo / j]bfGtsf] csf{ rf/ zf:qx¿df ;[li6sf] pTklQ k|l;4
n]v]sf] 5}g / logdf lj/f]w klg 5}g, lsgeg] ltdLnfO{ lj/f]wflj/f]wsf] 1fg 5}g . d ltdL;Fu ;f]W5'
ls lj/f]w s'g :yndf x'G5 < s] Ps ljifodf cyjf leÌ–leÌ ljifodf <
k|Zg— Ps ljifodf cg]sf}+sf] k/:k/ lj?4 syg xf];\, To;nfO{ aNn lj/f]w eGb5g\ . oxfF
klg ;[li6 Pp6} ljifo xf] .
pQ/— s] ljBf Pp6f 5 jf b'O6f < Pp6f xf] . olb Ps 5 eg] t Jofs/0f, j}Bs, Hof]ltif
cflbsf leÌ–leÌ ljifo lsg 5g\ < h:tf] ls Ps ljBfdf cg]s ljBfsf] cjojx¿sf], Ps–csf{;Fu
leÌ k|ltkfbg x'G5, To;/L g} ;[li6 ljBfsf] leÌ–leÌ 5M cjojx¿sf] 5M zf:qx¿df k|ltkfbg
ugf{n] logdf s]xL klg lj/f]w 5}g . h:tf] 3}+6f] agfpgdf sd{, ;do, df6f], ljrf/, ;+of]u–
ljof]uflbsf] k'?iffy{, k|s[ltsf] u'0f / s'dfn]sf] sf/0f xf,] To;/L g} ;[li6sf] h'g sd{ sf/0f xf], To;sf]
JofVof dLdf+;fdf, ;dosf] JofVof j}z]lifsdf, pkfbfg sf/0fsf] JofVof Gofodf, k'?iffy{sf] JofVof
of]udf, tŒjx¿sf] cg'qmdaf6 kl/u0fgsf] JofVof ;f+Vodf / lgldQsf/0f hf] k/d]Zj/ xf], To;sf]
JofVof j]bfGtzf:qdf 5, o;df s'g} klg lj/f]w 5}g . h:tf] j}Bszf:qdf lgbfg, lrlsT;f, cf}iflw–
bfg / kYosf] k|s/0f leÌ–leÌ slyt 5g\ k/Gt' ;a}sf] l;4fGt /f]usf] lgj[lQ xf], To;/L g} ;[li6sf
5M sf/0f 5g\, logdf Ps–Ps sf/0fsf] JofVof Ps–Ps zf:qsf/n] u/], o;}n] logLx¿df s]xL klg
lj/f]w 5}g . o;sf] ljz]if JofVof ;[li6k|s/0fdf ug]{5' .
h'g ljBf k9\g–k9fpgsf] nflu lj£g kfb{5, ltgnfO{ 5f]l8lbg' . h:t} s';Ë cyf{t\ b'i6 ljifoL
hgx¿sf] ;ËÙ b'i6Jo;g h:t} dBflb ;]jg / j]ZofudgflbÙ afNofj:yfdf ljjfx cyf{t\ @% jif{b]lv
k"j{ k'?if / !^ jif{b]lv k"j{ :qLsf] ljjfx x'g hfg', k"0f{ a|Xdro{ gx'g'Ù /fhf, dftf, lktf /
ljåfg\x¿sf] k|]d j]bflb zf:qx¿sf] k|rf/df gx'g'Ù cltef]hg, clthfu/0f ug'{, k9\g–k9fpg k/LIff
lng jf lbgdf cfn:o jf sk6 ug'{Ù ;jf]{kl/ ljBfsf] nfe g;Demg'Ù a|Xdro{n] jLo{, an, a'l4,
k/fqmd, cf/f]Uo, /fHo, wgsf] j[l4 gdfÌ'Ù O{Zj/sf] WofgnfO{ 5f]8]/ cGo kfiff0fflb h8–d"lt{sf]
bz{gdf Joy{ ;do gi6 ug'{Ù dftf, lktf, cltly / cfrfo{, ljåfg\ lognfO{ ;Tod"lt{dfg\ dfg]/ ;]jf /
;T;Ë gug'{Ù j0ff{>dsf] wd{ 5f]8]/ pmWj{k'08«, lqk'08«, ltns, s07L, dfnfwf/0f, PsfbzL, qof]bzL
cflbsf] j|t ug'{Ù uofsfzL cflb tLy{ / /fd, s[i0f, gf/fo0f, lzj, eujtL, u0f]zflbsf] gfd:d/0fn]
kfk b"/ x'g] ljZjf; ug'{Ù kfv08Lx¿sf] pkb]zn] ljBf k9\gdf c>4f x'g'Ù ljBf, wd{, of]u k/d]Zj/sf]
pkf;gfsf] lagf, ldYof–k'/f0fgfds efujtflbsf] syflbaf6 d'lQmnfO{ dfÌ'Ù nf]en] wgflbdf k|j[Q
eP/, ljBfdf k|Llt g/fVg'Ù otf–ptf Joy}{ 3'Db}/fVg'Ù OToflb ldYof Jojxf/x¿df km;]/ a|Xdro{ /
ljBfsf] nfeb]lv /lxt x'Fb} /f]uL / d"v{ aGb5g\ .
cfhef]lnsf ;Dk|bfoL / :jfyL{ a|fXd0f cflb h;n] c¿nfO{ ljBf / ;T;+uaf6 x6fP/ cfˆgf]
hfndf km;fpFb} pgLx¿sf] tg, dg, wg gi6 ul/lbG5g\, / rfxG5g\ ls hf] Iflqoflb j0f{ k9]/ ljåfg\
eP eg] t xfd|f] kfv08hfnaf6 5'6]/ xfd|f] 5nnfO{ lrGb}, xfd|f] ckdfg ug]{5g\ . OToflb lj£gx¿nfO{
/fhf / k|hfn] b"/ u/]/ cfˆgf 5f]/f / 5f]/Lx¿nfO{ ljåfg\ agfpgsf] nflu tg, dg, wgn] k|oTg ug]{
ug'{ .
:qL Pj+ z"b|sf] nflu cWoog ljlw -#=!!_
k|Zg— s] :qL / z"b|n] klg j]b k9\g] t < olb logLx¿n] k9] eg] t k]ml/ xfdLn] s] ug]{ lg <
/ logLx¿n] k9\gsf] nflu k|df0f klg t 5}g, h:tf] oxfF lgif]w 5—
:qLz"b|f} gfwLoftfldlt >'t]M .. —j]bfGtbz{g zf+s/efio -cWofo @÷kfb #÷;"q $_ ..
:qL / z"b| gk9"g\ of]— >'lt xf] .
pQ/— ;a} :qL / k'?if cyf{t\ dg'iodfqsf] k9\g] clwsf/ xf], / ltdL s'jfdf kl//fv / of]
>'lt klg ltd|} skf]nsNkgfaf6 ePsf] xf] . s'g} k|fdfl0fs u|Gysf] xf]Og, / ;a} dg'ionfO{ j]bflb
k9\g–;'Ìsf] nflu clwsf/sf] k|df0f oh'j]{bsf] 5AaL;f}+ cWofodf bf];|f] dGq 5—
ywe/ma< vaC<a? kLy/a[Im/avda?in/ jne?_y> ,

ä/ü/r/aj/Nya_ya‡ zU/Ôay/ cayRa?y c/ Svay/ car?[ay c , —oh'j]{b -cWofo @^÷dGq @_ ..

k/d]Zj/n] eGb5 ls -oyf_ h;/L d -hg]EoM_ ;a} dg'iox¿sf] nflu, -Odfd\_ o;,
-sNof0fLd\_ sNof0f cyf{t\ ;+;f/ / d'lQmsf] ;'vnfO{ lbg,] -jfrd\_ CUj]bflb rf/} j]bx¿sf] jf0fLsf]
-cf, jbflg_ pkb]z ub{5', To;/L g} ltdLn] klg u/ .
oxfF s;}n] k|Zg u/f];\ ls …hgÚ zAbn] låhx¿sf] u|x0f ug'{kb{5 lsgeg] :d[Toflb u|Gyx¿df
a|fXd0f, Iflqo, j}ZonfO{ g} j]bx¿ k9\g] clwsf/ n]v]sf] 5, :qL / z"b|flbnfO{ xf]Og .
pQ/— -a|Xd/fhGofEof+_ OToflb . x]/ Û k/d]Zj/ :jo+ eGb5 ls d}n] a|fXd0f, Iflqo
-cøof{o_ j}Zo -z"b|fo_ z"b| / -:jfo_ cfˆgf] e[To jf :qLoflb -c/0ffo_ / cltz"b|flbsf] nflu klg
j]bx¿sf] k|sfz u/]sf] 5', cyf{t\ ;a} dg'io j]bnfO{ k9\g]–k9fpg] / ;'Ì]–;'gfpg] u/]/ lj1fgnfO{
a9fpFb} /fd|f] s'/fsf] u|x0f / g/fd|f] s'/fsf] Tofu u/]/ b'Mvaf6 5'6 \b} cfgGbnfO{ k|fKt u¿g\ . eg Û
ca ltd|f] s'/f dfÌ] ls O{Zj/sf] < k/d]Zj/sf] s'/f cjZo dfggLo 5 . oltn] klg hf] s'g} o;nfO{
dfGb}g eg], To;nfO{ gfl:ts elgG5 . lsgeg] …gfl:tsf] j]blgGbsMÚ -dg':d[lt @÷!!_ j]bx¿sf]
lgGbs / gdfÌ]nfO{ gfl:ts eGb5g\ . s] k/d]Zj/n] z"b|sf] enfO rfxFb}g / < s] O{Zj/ kIfkftL xf] /
j]bnfO{ k9\g–;'ÌnfO{ z"b|sf] nflu lgif]w / låhx¿sf] nflu ljlw ug]{ < olb k/d]Zj/sf] clek|fo
z"b|flbsf] nflu k9fpg] ;'gfpg] x'Gy]g eg] t logsf] z/L/df jfs\ / >f]q–OlGb|o lsg /RYof] < h;/L
k/dfTdfn] k[YjL, hn, clUg, jfo', rGb|, ;"o{ / cÌflb kbfy{ ;a}sf] nflu agfPsf] xf], To;/L g} j]b
klg ;a}sf nflu k|sflzt u/]sf] xf], / hxfF st} lgif]w u/]sf] 5, To;sf] of] clek|fo xf] ls h;nfO{
k9\g]–k9fpgfn] s]xL klg cfpFb}g, Tof] lga'{l4 / d"v{ x'gfn] z"b| slxG5 . To;nfO{ k9\g–k9fpg Joy{
5, / h'g :qLx¿sf nflu lgif]w ub{5f}, Tof] ltd|f] d"v{tf, :jfy{tf / lga'{l4tfsf] k|efj xf] . x]/ Û j]bdf
sGofx¿n] k9\gsf] nflu k|df0f—
ä/ü/cYYRea?[ k/Ny/a3?/ yuva?n< ivNdte/ pit?m! , —cyj{j]b -sf08 !!÷cg'=#÷k|=@$÷;"=%÷d+=!*_ ..
h;/L s]6f] a|Xdro{;]jgn] k"0f{ ljBf / ;'lzIffnfO{ k|fKt u/]/ o'jtL, ljb'ifL, cfˆgf] cg's"n
lk|o ;b[z :qLx¿sf] ;fydf ljjfx ub{5, To:t} -sGof_ s'df/L -a|Xdro]{0f_ a|Xdro{ ;]jgn] j]bflb–
zf:qnfO{ k9]/ k"0f{ljBf / pQd lzIffnfO{ k|fKt u/]/ o'jtL x'Fb} k"0f{ o'jfj:yfdf cfˆgf] ;b[z lk|o
ljåfg\ -o'jfgd\_ k"0f{ o'jfj:yfo'Qm k'?ifnfO{ -ljGbt]_ k|fKt u/f];\ . o;}n] :qLx¿n] klg a|Xdro{ /
ljBfnfO{ u|x0f cjZo ug'{kb{5 .
k|Zg— s] :qLx¿n] klg j]bnfO{ k9\g] t <
pQ/— cjZoÙ x]/ Û >f}t;"qflbdf—
Od+ dGq+ kTgL k7]t\ ..
cyf{t\ :qL o1df o; dGqnfO{ k9f];\ . h;n] j]bflb zf:qnfO{ k9]sL g} 5}g eg] t o1df
:j/;lxt dGqx¿sf] pRrf/0f / ;+:s[tefif0f s;/L ug{ ;Sb5] < ef/tjif{sL :qLx¿df e"if0f¿k
ufuL{ cflb j]bflb zf:qx¿nfO{ k9]/ k"0f{ ljb'ifL ePsL lyOg\, of] ztkya|fXd0f -sf08 !$_ df :ki6
n]lvPsf] 5 . olb h'g k'?if ljåfg\ / :qL cljb'ifL / :qL ljb'ifL / k'?if cljåfg\ eP eg] t lgTok|lt
b]jf;'/–;+u|fd 3/df dlRrO/fVb5, k]ml/ ;'v sxfF < o;}n] hf] :qL gk9\g] eP t sGofx¿sf]
kf7zfnfdf cWoflksf s;/L x'Gy] tyf /fhsfo{ GofofwLzTjflb, u[xf>dsf] sfo{ h'g kltn] :qL /
:qLn] kltnfO{ k|;Ì /fVg], 3/sf] ;a} sfd :qLsf] cfwLg /xg', OToflb sfd lagf ljBfsf] /fd|f];Fu
slxNo} klg x'g ;Sb}g .
x]/ Û cfof{jQ{sf /fhk'?ifx¿sf :qLx¿ wg'j]{b cyf{t\ o'4ljBf klg /fd|f];Fu hfGby] . lsgeg]
olb hfg]sf x'Gy]gg\ eg] t s}s]oL cflb bz/y cflbsf ;fydf o'4df s;/L hfg ;Sy] / o'4 ug{
;Sy] < o;}n] a|fXd0fLnfO{ ;a} ljBf, IflqofnfO{ ;a} ljBf / o'4 tyf /fhljBfljz]if, j}ZofnfO{
Jojxf/ ljBf / z"b|fnfO{ kfsflb ;]jfsf] ljBf cjZo k9\g'kb{5 . h;/L k'?ifn] Jofs/0f, wd{ / cfˆgf]
Jojxf/sf] ljBf yf]/}df klg cjZo k9\g'kb{5, To;/L g} :qLx¿n] klg Jofs/0f, wd{, j}Bs, ul0ft,
lzNkljBf t cjZo l;Sg'kb{5 . lsgeg] lognfO{ l;s] lagf ;Tof˜;Tosf] lg0f{o, kToflbb]lv cg's"n
jt{dfg, oyfof]Uo ;Gtfgf]TklQ, ltgsf] nfng–kfng, j4{g / ;'lzIff ug'{, 3/sf] ;a} sfo{df h:tf]
rflxG5 To:t} ug'{ . j}Bs ljBfn] cf}ifwjt\ cÌkfg agfpg] . h;af6 3/df /f]u slxNo} gcfcf];\ /
;a} hgf ;bf cfglGbt /x"g\ . lzNkljBfnfO{ ghflgsg 3/ agfpg', j:q cfe"if0f cflbsf] agfpg'–
agfpg nufpg', ul0ft ljBfsf] lagf ;a}sf] lx;fa ;lDemg'–;Demfpg', j]bflb zf:qljBfsf] lagf
O{Zj/ / wd{nfO{ ghfg]/ cwd{b]lv slxNo} aRg ;Sg] lyPgg\ . o;}n] pgLx¿ g} wGo / s[ts[To x'g\
ls h;n] cfˆgf ;GtfgnfO{ a|Xdro{, pQd lzIff / ljBfn] z/L/ / cfTdfnfO{ k"0f{ an lbg ;s"g\,
h;af6 tL ;Gtfg dft[, lkt[, klt, ;f;", Zj;'/, /fhf, k|hf, l5d]sL, Oi6 ldq / ;Gtfgflb;Fu
oyfof]Uo wd{n] rn"g\ . oxL sf]z cIfo xf], o;nfO{ hlt Joo u¥of] plt a9\b} hfG5, cGo ;a} sf]z
Joo ugf{n] 36\b} hfG5 / efua08fdf klg lghefu lnG5g\, / ljBfsf]znfO{ rf]/n] rf]g{ ;Sb}g g t
efua08f g} nufpg'k5{ . o; sf]znfO{, /Iff / j[l4 u/fpgsf] nflu ljz]if /fhf / k|hf g} x'g\ .
sGofgf+ ;Dk|bfg+ r s'df/f0ff+ r /If0fd\ .. —dg':d[lt -cWofo &÷Znf]s !%@_ ..
/fhfsf] sfd xf] ls ;a} sGof / s'df/x¿nfO{ pQm ;dob]lv pQm ;do;Dd a|Xdro{df
/fv]/ ljåfg\ u/fpg' . hf] s;}n] o; cf1fnfO{ gdfg]df t p;sf dftf–lktfnfO{ b08 lbg' cyf{t\
/fhfsf] cf1fb]lv cf7 jif{sf] kZrft\ s]6f jf s]6L s;}sf] 3/df /xFg glbg' lsGt' cfrfo{s'ndf
/x"g\ . ha;Dd ;dfjQ{gsf] ;do gcfcf];\ ta;Dd ljjfx x'g gkfcf];\ .
;j]{iffd]j bfgfgf+ a|Xdbfg+ ljlziot] . jfo{Ìuf]dxLjf;l:tnsf~rg;lk{iffd\ ..
 —dg':d[lt -cWofo $÷Znf]s @##_ ..
;+;f/df hlt klg bfg 5g\ . cyf{t\ hn, cÌ, uf}, k[YjL, j:q, ltn, ;'j0f{ / 3[tflb oL ;a}
bfgx¿ eGbf j]bljBfsf] bfg clt>]i7 xf] . o;}n] hf];Fuaf6 hlt aÌ ;Sb5 Tolt g} k|oTg tg, dg,
wgn] ljBfsf] j[l4df Joo ug]{ u/f}+ . h'g b]zdf oyfof]Uo a|Xdro{, ljBf / j]bf]Qm wd{sf] k|rf/ x'G5,
ToxL b]z ;f}efUojfg\ x'G5 . of] a|Xdrof{>dsf] lzIff ;+If]kn] n]lvof] . o; eGbf cufl8 rf}yf]
;d'Nnf;df ;dfjQ{g, ljjfx / u[xf>dsf] lzIffsf] af/]df n]lvg]5 .

Olt >Ld2ofgGb;/:jtL:jflds[t] ;Tofy{k|sfz]

;'efifflje"lift] lzIffljifo]
t[tLoM ;d'Nnf;M ;Dk"0f{M ..#..

 -$_ Rff}yf] ;d'Nnf;
;dfjQ{g, ljjfx Pj+ u[x:yf>dsf] ljlw
;dfjQ{gsf] ljifo -$=!_
j]bfgwLTo j]bf} jf j]b+ jflk oyfqmdd\ . cljKn'ta|Xdrof]{ u[x:yf>ddfljz]t\ ..!..
—dg':d[lt -cWofo #÷Znf]s @_ ..
ha oyfjt\ a|Xdro{ cfrfof{g's"n rn]/, wd{n] rf/} j]b, tLg, b'O{ jf Ps j]bnfO{ ;fËf]kfË
k9]/ h;sf] a|Xdro{ vl08t gePsf] xf];\, Tof] :qL jf k'?if u[xf>ddf k|j]z u/f];\ .
t+ k|tLt+ :jwd]{0f a|Xdbfox/+ lkt'M . ;|lUj0f+ tNk cf;Lgdx{o]Tk|yd+ ujf ..@..
—dg':d[lt -cWofo #÷Znf]s #_ ..
Hff] oyfjt\ :jwd{ cyf{t\ h'g cfrfo{ / lziosf] xf], To;b]lv o'Qm lktf hgs jf cWofksb]lv
a|Xdbfo cyf{t\ ljBf¿k efunfO{ u|x0f, dfnfsf] wf/0f ug]{jfnf, cfˆgf] knËdf a;]sf cfrfof{nfO{
k|yd uf]bfgn] ;Tsf/ u/f];\ . o:t} nIf0fo'Qm ljBfyL{nfO{ klg sGofsf] lktfn] uf} lbP/ ;Ts[t
u/f];\ .
u'?0ffg'dtM :gfTjf ;dfj[Qf] oyfljlw . påx]t låhf] efof{+ ;j0ff{+ nIf0fflGjtfd\ ..#..
—dg':d[lt -cWofo #÷Znf]s $_ ..
u'?sf] cf1f lnP/, :gfg u/]/, u'?s'nb]lv cg'qmdk"j{s cfP/ a|fXd0f, Iflqo, j}Zo cfˆgf]
j0ff{g's"n ;'Gb/ nIf0fo'Qm sGof;Fu ljjfx u/f];\ .
c;lk08f r of dft'/;uf]qf r of lkt'M . ;f k|z:tf låhftLgf+ bf/sd{l0f d}y'g] ..$..
—dg':d[lt -cWofo #÷Znf]s %_ ..
h'g sGof dftfsf] s'nsf] 5M k':tfx¿df gxf];\ / lktfsf] uf]qsf] klg gxf];\, To; sGof;Fu
ljjfx ug'{ plrt x'G5 .
6f9f ljjfx ubf{sf kmfObfx¿ -$=@_
o;sf] of] k|of]hg xf] ls—
k/f]Iflk|of Oj lx b]jfM k|ToIflåifM .. —ztkya|fXd0f] .. t'=–z=a|f=-^÷!÷!÷@_Ù uf]=a|f=k"=-!÷!_ ..
of] lglZrt s'/f] xf] ls h:tf] k/f]If kbfy{df k|Llt x'G5, To:tf] k|ToIfdf x'Fb}g . h:t} s;}n]
ld>Lsf] u'0fnfO{ ;'g]sf] 5 / vfPsf] 5}g eg] t p;sf] dg To;} kbfy{df nflu/fv]sf] x'G5, h:t} s'g}
k/f]If j:t'sf] k|z+;f ;'g]/ ldNgsf] nflu pTs6 OR5f x'G5, To;/L g} b"/:y cyf{t\ hf] cfˆgf] uf]q jf
dftfsf] s'ndf lgs6 ;DaGwleqsL xf]Og eg] To;} sGof;Fu j/sf] ljjfx x'g'kb{5 .
lgs6df bf]if / b"/ ljjfx ug{df u'0f of] xf] ls—
-!_ klxnf]— hf] afns afNofj:yfb]lv lgs6 /xG5g\, k/:k/ qmL8f, n8fO{ / k|]d ub{5g\, Ps
csf{sf] u'0f, bf]if, :jefj, afNoj:yfsf] ljk/Lt cfr/0f hfGb5g\ / h'g gfË} klg Ps csf{nfO{
b]Vb5g\, pgsf] k/:k/ ljjfx x'gfn] k|]d slxNo} klg x'g ;Sb}g .
-@_ bf];|f]— h:t} kfgLdf kfgL ldnfpgfn] ljnIf0f u'0f x'Fb}g, To:t} Ps uf]q lkt[ jf
dft[s'ndf ljjfx x'Fbf wft'x¿sf] k]m/–abn gx'gfn] pÌlt x'Fb}g .
-#_ t];|f]— h;/L b"wdf ld>L jf z'7f] OToflb cf}iflwx¿sf] of]u x'gfn] pQdtf x'G5, To;/L g}
leÌ uf]q dft[–lkt[ s'nb]lv k[ys\ jt{dfg :qL k'?ifx¿sf] ljjfx x'g' Psbd} pQd xf] .
-$_ rf}yf]— h;/L Ps b]zdf /f]uL eP klg Tof] bf];|f] b]zdf jfo' / vfg–kfgsf] k]m/–abnn]
/f]u/lxt x'G5, To;/L g} b"/:y–b]zb]lv ljjfx ug{df pQdtf x'G5 .
-%_ kfFrf}+— lgs6 ;DaGw ubf{df Ps–csf{sf] lgs6 x'Fbfdf ;'v–b'Mvsf] efg / lj/f]w x'g' klg
;Dej 5, b"/:yx¿df x'Fb}g / b"/:yx¿sf] ljjfxdf b"/–b"/ k|]dsf] 8f]/L nlDaP/ a9\b} hfG5, lgs6:y
ljjfxdf x'Fb}g .
-^_ 5}6f}+— b"/–b"/ b]zsf] jt{dfg / kbfy{x¿sf] k|flKt klg b"/ ;DaGw x'gdf ;xhtfn] x'g
;Sb5, lgs6 ljjfx x'Fbfdf xf]Og, To;}n]—
b'lxtf b'lx{tf b"/]lxtf ejtLlt .. —lg?Qm -#÷$_ ..
lg?Qmdf n]lvPsf] 5 ls sGofsf] gfd b'lxtf o; sf/0fn] xf] ls o;sf] ljjfx b"/ b]zdf
x'gfn] lxtsf/L x'G5, lgs6 ubf{df x'Fb}g .
 -&_ ;ftf}+— sGofsf] lkt[s'ndf bfl/b|Ø x'g klg ;Dej 5, lsgeg] ha–ha sGof lkt[s'ndf
cfpF5], ta–ta p;nfO{ s]xL–g–s]xL lbg}kg]{ x'G5 .
-*_ cf7f}+— sf]xL lgs6df x'gfn] Ps bf];|fsf] cfˆgf]–cfˆgf] lkt[s'nb]lv ;xfosf] 3d08 / ha
;fgf]ltgf] s'g} klg j}dg:o x'Fbfdf t :qL t'?Gt} lktfsf] s'ndf hfg ;Sb5], Ps bf];|fsf] lgGbf clws
x'g]5 / lj/f]w klgÙ lsgeg] k|foM :qLx¿sf] :jefj tLI0f / d[b' x'G5, OToflb sf/0fn] lktfsf] Ps
uf]q, dftfsf] 5M k':tf / ;dLk b]zdf ljjfx ug'{ /fd|f] x'Fb}g .
ljjfxdf :qL–k'?ifsf] k/LIff -$=#_
dxfGTolk ;d[4flg uf]˜hfljwgwfGotM . :qL;DaGw] bz}tflg s'nflg kl/jh{o]t\ ..!..
—dg':d[lt -cWofo #÷Znf]s ^_ ..
rfx] hlt;'s} wg, bf}nt Pj+ rf}kfo, /fHo, >L cflbn] ;d[4 oL s'n eP tfklg
ljjfx;DaGwdf lgDglnlvt bz s'nnfO{ Toflulbg' ..!..
xLglqmo+ lgik'?if+ lgZ5Gbf] /f]dzfz{;d\ . IføofdofJok:dfl/lZjlqs'li7s'nflg r ..@..
—dg':d[lt -cWofo #÷Znf]s &_ ..
h'g s'n ;lTqmofb]lv xLg, ;Tk'?ifb]lv /lxt, j]bfWoogb]lv ljd'v, z/L/e/L nfdf–nfdf /pF,
cyjf xif{sf] /f]u ePsf], Ifo/f]uL, bdsf] /f]uL, bL3{vf]sL, cfdfzo -chL0f{_, 5f/]/f]uL, Zj]ts'i7 /
ulnts'i7o'Qm s'nx¿sf] sGof jf j/sf] ;fydf ljjfx x'g'x'Fb}g . lsgeg] tL ;a} b'u'{0f / /f]u ljjfx
ug]{jfnfsf] s'ndf klg j+zf0f' ¿kn] k|lji6 x'g hfG5, To;}n] pQd s'nsf s]6f / s]6Lx¿sf]
cfk;df ljjfx x'g'kb{5 ..@..
gf]åx]Tslknf+ sGof+ gf˜lwsfËL+ g /f]lu0fLd\ . gfnf]ldsf+ gfltnf]df+ g jfrf6fÌ lkËnfd\ ..#..
—dg':d[lt -cWofo #÷Znf]s *_ ..
g t kx]+nL j0f{sL, g clwsfËL cyf{t\ k'?ifeGbf cUnL, 7"nf] Hofg ePsL, clws anjfnL, g
/f]uo'Qm, g /pF/lxt, g clws /pF ePsL, g w]/} aQf}/L / Psbd} s'lx/f cfFvf ePsL .
gIf{j[IfgbLgfDgL+ gfGTokj{tgfldsfd\ . g kIolxk|]iogfDgL+ g r eLif0fgfldsfd\ ..$..
—dg':d[lt -cWofo #÷Znf]s (_ ..
g CIf cyf{t\ clZjgL, e/0fL, /f]lx0fL cflb gIfqsf gfd ePsLÙ kLkn, j/ cflb j[Ifsf gfd
ePsLÙ uËf, hd'gf cflb gbLsf gfd ePsLÙ rf+8fnL cflb cGTo gfdjfnLÙ ljGWof, lxdfnof, kfj{tL
cflb kj{t gfdjfnLÙ sfsL, Zo]gL cflb kIfL gfdjfnLÙ gfuL, e'hËf cflb ;k{ gfdjfnLÙ bf;L cflb
k|]io gfdjfnL / eLdf, eo+sf/L sfnL, r08L cflb eLif0f gfd ePsL sGofsf] ;fydf ljjfx
ug'{x'Fb}g . lsgeg] oL gfd s'lT;t / cGo kbfy{x¿sf klg x'g\ . lsGt'—
cJoËfËL+ ;f}DogfDgL+ x+zjf/0fufldgLd\ . tg'nf]ds]zbzgf+ d[åËLd'åx]lT:qod\ ..%..
—dg':d[lt -cWofo #÷Znf]s !)_ ..
h;sf] ;/n ;Lwf cË xf];\, lj?4 gxf];\Ù h;sf] gfd ;'Gb/ xf];\ cyf{t\ ozf]bf, ;'vbf cflb,
x+; / xfQLgLsf] t'No h;sf] rfn xf];Ù ;"Id nf]d, s]z / bfFto'QmÙ / h;sf] ;a} cË sf]dn xf]; \,
To:tL :qLsf] ;fydf ljjfx ug'{ /fd|f] x'G5 .
;fg} pd]/df ljjfx ug{ lgif]w -$=$_
k|Zg— ljjfxsf] ;do / k|sf/ s'grflx+ /fd|f] x'G5 <
pQ/— ;f]x|f}+ jif{b]lv lnP/ rf}aL;f}+ jif{;Dd sGof / kRrL;f}+ jif{b]lv lnP/ c8\rfnL;f}+
jif{;Dd k'?ifsf] ljjfxsf] nflu pQd ;do xf] . o;df h;n] ;f]x| / kRrL;df ljjfx u/]df lgs[i6,
cÝfx| aL;sL :qL, tL; k}+tL; jf rfnL;sf] k'?if dWod, rf}aL; jif{sL :qL / c8\rfnL; jif{sf]
k'?ifsf] ljjfx pQd xf] h'g b]zdf o; k|sf/sf] ljjfxsf] ljlw >]i7 / a|Xdro{ ljBfEof; clws
x'G5, Tof] b]z ;'vL / h'g b]zdf a|Xdro{–ljBfu|x0f /lxt, afNofj:yf / cof]Uox¿sf] ljjfx x'G5,
Tof] b]z b'Mvdf 8'Ab5 . lsgeg] a|Xdro{ ljBfsf] u|x0fk"j{s ljjfxsf] ;'wf/n] g} ;a} s'/fsf] ;'wf/ /
lau|]df ;a} s'/f lau|g hfG5 .
k|Zg—
ci6jiff{ ej]b\ uf}/L gjjiff{ r /f]lx0fL . bzjiff{ ej]TsGof tt pmWj{+ /h:jnf ..!..
dftf r}j lktf t:of Ho]i7f] e|ftf ty}j r . qo:t] g/s+ oflGt b[i6\jf sGof+ /h:jnfd\ ..@..
—of] Znf]s kf/fz/L -&÷^*_ / zL3|af]w -!÷%$, ^%_ df n]lvPsf] 5 ..
 cy{— sGofsf] cf7f}+ jif{ ljjfxdf uf}/L, gjf}+ jif{df /f]lx0fL, bzf}+ jif{df sGof / o;eGbf
cufl8 /h:jnf ;+1f x'g hfG5] ..!.. bz jif{;Dddf ljjfx gu/fOlbPdf t /h:jnf sGofsf dftf,
lktf / p;sf bfO–efO oL tLg}n] b]v]kl5 t g/sdf lub{5g\ ..@..
pQ/—
a|Xdf]jfr—
PsIf0ff ej]b\ uf}/L låIf0f]oGt' /f]lx0fL . lqIf0ff ;f ej]TsGof Xot pmWj{+ /h:jnf ..!..
dftf lktf tyf e|ftf dft'nf] elugL :jsf . ;j]{ t] g/s+ oflGt b[i6\jf sGof+ /h:jnfd\ ..@..
—of] ;Bf]lgld{t a|Xdk'/f0fsf] jrg xf] ..
cy{— hlt ;dodf Ps k/df0f'n] klN6 df5{, Tolt ;donfO{ If0f eGb5g\ . ha sGof hGdG5]
ta Ps If0fdf uf}/L, bf];|f] If0fdf /f]lx0fL, t];|f] If0fdf sGof / rf}yf] If0fdf /h:jnf x'g hfG5] ..!..
To; /h:jnfnfO{ b]v]/ p;sf dftf, lktf, bfO–efO, dfdf / alxgL ;a} g/sdf hfG5g\ ..@..
k|Zg— oL Znf]s k|df0f xf]Ogg\ .
pQ/— lsg k|df0f xf]Og < olb a|XdfhLsf] Znf]snfO{ k|df0f xf]Og eGb5f} eg] t ltd|f klg
k|df0f x'g ;Sb}g .
k|Zg— jfx–jfx Û k/fz/ / sfzLgfynfO{ klg k|df0f dfGb}gf} .
pQ/— jfx hL jfx Û s] ltdLn] a|XdfhLnfO{ k|df0f dfGb}gf}, k/fz/ / sfzLgfy eGbf a|XdfhL
7"nf xf]Ogg\ / < olb ltdLn] a|XdfhLsf Znf]snfO{ k|df0f dfGb}gf} eg] t, xfdLn] klg k/fz/,
sfzLgfysf Znf]snfO{ dfGb}gf}+ .
k|Zg— ltd|f Znf]s c;Dej x'gfn] k|df0f xf]Og, lsgeg] xhf/f}+ If0f hGd ;dodf g} laTb5
t ljjfx s;/L x'g ;Sb5 < / Tolt j]nf ljjfx ug{df s]xL kmn klg b]lv+b}g .
pQ/— olb xfd|f Znf]s c;Dej 5g\ eg] t ltd|f klg c;Dej 5g\ . lsgeg] cf7, gf} / bzf}+
jif{ ljjfx ug{ lgikmn 5, lsgeg] ;f]x|f}+ jif{ kZrft\ rf}aL;f}+ jif{ ko{Gt ljjfx x'gfn] k'?ifsf] jLo{
kl/kSj, z/L/ alni7, :qLsf] uef{zo k"/f / z/L/ klg ano'Qm x'gfn] ;Gtfg pQd x'G5g\ . h:tf]
cf7f}+ jif{sL sGofdf ;Gtfgf]TklQsf] x'g' c;Dej 5, To;/L g} uf}/L, /f]lx0fL gfd lbg' klg co'Qm 5 .
olb uf]/L sGof geP/ sfnL xf];\ t, p;sf] gfd uf}/L /fVg Joy{ 5 . k]ml/ uf}/L dxfb]jsL :qL,
/f]lx0fL j;'b]jsL :qL lyOg\ . pgnfO{ ltdL kf}/fl0fsx¿n] dft[;dfg dfGb5f} . ha sGofdfqdf uf}/L
cflbsf] efjgf ub{5f}, t k]ml/ pgLx¿l;t ljjfx ug'{ s;/L ;Dej / wd{o'Qm x'g ;Sb5 < To;}n]
ltd|f] / xfd|f] b'O{–b'O{ Znf]s ldYof g} x'g\ . lsg ls h;/L xfdLn] …a|Xdf]jfrÚ u/]/ Znf]s agfof}+, To;}
u/L g} k/fz/ cflbsf] gfdn] cfˆgf] dtna l;Gw'x¿n] Znf]s agfPsf x'g\ . To;}n] oL ;a}sf
k|df0fnfO{ 5f8]/ j]bsf] k|df0fn] sfd ug]{ u/ . x]/ Û dg':d[ltdf—
qLl0f jiff{0o'bLIf]t s'dfo{[t'dtL ;tL . pmWj{+ t' sfnfb]t:dflåGb]t ;b[z+ kltd\ ..
—dg':d[lt -cWofo (÷Znf]s ()_ ..
sGof /h:jnf ePkl5sf tLg jif{ ko{Gt kltsf] vf]hL u/]/ cfˆgf] t'No kltnfO{ k|fKt u/f];\ .
ha k|ltdf; /hf]bz{g x'G5 eg] t tLg jif{df #^ k6s /h:jnf ePkl5 ljjfxsL of]Uo x'G5], o;b]lv
k"j{ x'Flbg .

plrt ;do eGbf Go"g cfo' ePsf :qL k'?ifsf] uef{wfgdf d'lgj/ wGjGtl/ hL ;'>'tdf lgif]w ub{5g\—
pmgiff]8zjiff{ofdk|fKtM k~rlj+zltd\ .
oBfwQ] k'dfg\ ue{+ s'lIf:yM ; ljkBt] ..!..
hftf] jf g lr/~hLj]HhLj]åf b'a{n]lGb|oM .
t:dfbToGtafnfof+ uef{wfg+ g sf/o]t\ ..@..
cy{— ;f]x| jif{ eGbf Go"g jojfnL :qLdf, kRrL; jif{ eGbf Go"g cfo' ePsf] k'?ifn] ue{ :yfkg u¥of] eg]
t Tof] s'lIf:y ePsf] ue{n] ljklQ k|fKt ub{5 cyf{t\ k"0f{ sfn;Dd uef{zodf /x]/ pTkÌ x'Fb}g ..!..
cyjf pTkÌ eP klg lr/sfn;Dd afFRb}g jf afFr]df klg b'a{n]lGb|o x'G5 . o; sf/0fn]
cltafNofj:yfjfnL :qLdf ue{ :yflkt gu/f];\ ..@..
o:tf]–o:tf] zf:qf]Qm lgod / ;[li6qmdnfO{ b]Vgfn] / a'l4n] ljrf/ ugf{n] oxL l;4 x'G5 ls !^ jif{ eGbf
Go"g :qL / @% jif{ eGbf Go"g cfo'jfnf k'?if slxNo} uef{wfg ug{sf] of]Uo x'Fb}gg\ . oL lgod eGbf ljk/Lt ug]{x¿
b'MvefuL x'G5g\ .
 u'0f–sdf{g';f/n] j0f{ Joj:yf -$=%_
sfddfd/0fflQi7]b\ u[x] sGot{'dTolk . g r}j}gf+ k|oR5]Q' u'0fxLgfo slx{lrt\ ..
—dg':d[lt -cWofo (÷Znf]s *(_ ..
rfx] s]6f–s]6L d/0fko{Gt s'df/} /x"g\, k/Gt' c;b[z cyf{t\ k/:k/ lj?4 u'0f–sd{–:jefj
ePsfx¿;Fu slxNo} klg ljjfx x'g'x'Fb}g . o;af6 oxL l;4 x'G5 ls g k"jf]{Qm ;do eGbf k|yd, jf
c;b[z¿sf] ljjfx x'g of]Uo 5}g .
k|Zg— ljjfx ug'{ dftf–lktfsf] cfwLg x'g' kb{5 ls s]6f–s]6Lsf] cfwLgdf <
pQ/— s]6f–s]6Lsf] cfwLgdf ljjfx x'g' pQd xf] . olb dftf–lktfn] ljjfx u/fpgsf] nflu
ljrf/] tfklg s]6f–s]6Lsf] k|;Ìtfsf] lagf x'g'x'Fb}g . lsgeg] Ps bf];|fsf] k|;Ìtfaf6 ljjfx x'Fbfdf
lj/f]w yf]/} x'G5 / ;Gtfg pQd x'G5g\ . ck|;Ìtfsf] ljjfxdf lgTo Sn]z g} /xG5 . ljjfxsf] d'Vo
k|of]hg eg]sf] j/ / sGofsf] g} xf], dftf–lktfsf] xf]Og . lsgeg] olb pgLx¿df k|;Ìtf /Xof] eg]
t pgLx¿ ;'vL / lj/f]wdf pgLx¿ b'MvL x'G5g\ . /—
;Gt'i6f] efo{of eQf{ eqf{ eføof{ ty}j r . ol:dÌ]j s'n] lgTo+ sNof0f+ tq j} w|'jd\ ..
—dg':d[lt -cWofo #÷Znf]s ^)_ ..
h'g s'ndf :qLb]lv k'?if / k'?ifb]lv :qL ;bf k|;Ì /xG5g\, To; s'ndf cfgGb, nIdL /
sLlt{ lgjf; ub{5g\, / hxfF lj/f]w, snx x'G5, ToxfF bl/b|tf / lgGbf lgjf; ub{5g\ . o;}n] h;/L
:jo+j/sf] /Llt cfof{jQ{df k/Dk/fb]lv rn]/ cfPsf] 5, ToxL pQd xf] . ha :qL–k'?if ljjfx ug{
rfxG5g\ ta ljBf, ljgo, zLn, ¿k, cfo', an, s'n, z/L/sf] kl/df0fflb oyfof]Uo x'g'kb{5 . ha;Dd
oL ;a} s'/fsf] d]n x'Fb}g ta;Dd ljjfxaf6 s]xL klg ;'v x'Fb}g / g t afNoj:yfdf ljjfx ugf{n]
;'v x'G5 .
yuva? su/vasa/> pir?vIt/ Aaga/Ts %/ ïeya?N-vit/ jay?man> ,

t< xIra?s> k/vy/ %Ú?yiNt Sva/Xyae/3/? mn?sa dev/yNt?> .1. —CUj]b -d+=#÷;"=*÷d+=$_ ..
Aa xe/nvae? xunyNta/miz?ñI> sb/duR"a?> zz/ya Aà?duGxa> ,

nVya?nVya yuv/tyae/ -v?NtImR/hÎe/vana?msur/Tvmek?m! .2. —CUj]b -d+=#÷;"=%%÷d+=!^_ ..

pU/vIRr/h< z/rd?> zïma/[a d/a/e;avStae?é/;sae? j/r?yNtI> ,

im/nait/ iïY<a? jir/ma t/nUna/mPyU/ nu pTnI/v&R;?[ae jgMyu> .3.

—CUj]b -d+=!÷;"=!&(÷d+=!_ ..
h'g k'?if -kl/jLtM_ ;a}lt/af6 o1f]kjLt, a|Xdro{;]jgn] pQd lzIff / ljBfn] o'Qm,
-;'jf;fM_ ;'Gb/ j:q wf/0f u/]sf] a|Xdro{o'Qm, -o'jf_ k"0f{ hjfg eP/ ljBfu|x0f u/]/ u[xf>ddf,
-cfuft\_ cfpF5, -;M_ ToxL bf];|f] ljBfhGddf, -hfodfgM_ k|l;4 eP/, ->]ofg\_ cltzo zf]efo'Qm
dËnsf/L, -ejlt_ x'G5, -:jfWoM_ /fd|f];Fu Wofgo'Qm, -dg;f_ lj1fgn], -b]joGtM_ ljBfj[l4sf]
sfdgfo'Qm, -wL/f;M_ w}o{o'Qm, -sjoM_ ljåfg\x¿ -td\_ p;}nfO{ -pÌolGt_ pÌltzLn u/]/ k|ltli7t
ub{5g\, / hf] a|Xdro{wf/0f ljBf, pQd lzIffnfO{ u|x0f gul/sg} cyjf afNoj:yfdf ljjfx ub{5g\,
tL :qL k'?if gi6–e|i6 eP/ ljåfg\x¿sf dfem ck|lti7f sdfpF5g\ ..!..
hf] -ck|b'UwfM_ s;}n] gb'x]sf], tL -w]gjM_ ufO{s} ;dfg, -clzZjLM_ afNofj:yfb]lv /lxt,
-;jb'{3fM_ ;a} k|sf/sf] pQd Jojxf/nfO{ k"0f{ u/fpg]jfnL, -zzofM_ s'df/fj:yfsf] pNn‹g
u/fpg]jfnL, -gJofgJofM_ gjLg–gjLg lzIff / cj:yfn] k"0f{, -ejGtLM_ jt{dfg, -o'jtoM_ k"0f{
o'jfj:yf:y :qLx¿, -b]jfgfd\_ a|Xdro{ ;'lgodb]lv k"0f{ ljåfg\nfO{, -Psd\_ clåtLo, -dxt\_ 7"nf,
-c;'/Tjd\_ k|1fzf:qlzIffo'Qm, k|1fdf /d0fsf] efjfy{nfO{ k|fKt x'Fb} hjfg kltx¿nfO{ k|fKt u/]/,
-cfw'goGtfd\_ ue{ wf/0f u¿g\ . e'n]/ klg afNoj:yfdf k'?ifsf] dgn] klg Wofg gu/f];\, lsgeg]
oxL sd{ o; nf]s / k/nf]ssf] ;'vsf] ;fwg xf] . afNoj:yfsf] ljjfxn] hlt k'?ifsf] gfz ub{5 To;
eGbf clws :qLsf] gfz x'G5 ..@..
h;/L -g'_ zL3|, -z>df0ffM_ cToGt >d ug]{jfnf -j[if0fM_ jLo{ ;L+rgdf ;dy{ k"0f{
o'jfj:yfo'Qm k'?if, -kTgLM_ o'jfj:yf:y, ÅbonfO{ lk|o :qLx¿nfO{, -huDo'M_ k|fKt u/]/, k"0f{ ztjif{ jf
To; eGbf clws cfo'nfO{ cfgGbn] ef]Ub5g\, / k'q–kf}qflbn] ;+o'Qm /xG5g\ To;} u/L :qL k'?if ;bf
jQ{"g\, h;/L -k"jL{M_ k"j{ jt{dfg -z/bM_ z/bCt'x¿, / -h/oGtLM_ j[4fj:yfnfO{ k|fKt u/fpg]jfnL,
-pif;M_ k|ftMsfnsf] j]nfx¿nfO{ -bf]iffM_ /flq, / -j:tf]M_ lbg, -tg"gfd\_ z/L/sf], -l>od\_ zf]efsf],
-hl/df_ cltzo j[4kg, an / zf]efnfO{, -ldgflt_ b"/ ul/lbG5, To;/L g} -cxd\_ d :qL jf k'?if,
-p_ /fd|f];Fu, -clk_ lgZro u/]/ a|Xdro{n] ljBf, lzIff, z/L/ / cfTdfsf] an ;fy} o'jfj:yfnfO{
k|fKt u/]kl5 dfq} ljjfx u¿F, o;b]lv lj?4 ug'{, j]blj?4 x'gfn], ;'vbfos ljjfx slxNo} klg x'g
;Sb}g ..#..
ha;Dd o;} k|sf/ ;a} Clif–d'lg, /fhf–dxf/fhf, cfo{x¿ a|Xdro{n] g} ljBfnfO{ k9]/ g}
:jo+j/ ljjfx ub{y], ta;Dd o; b]zsf] pÌlt e}/x]sf] lyof] . hab]lv of] a|Xdro{n] ljBfnfO{
gk9\g, afNoj:yfdf k/fwLg cyf{t\ dftf–lktfsf] cfwLgdf ljjfx x'g yfNof], tab]lv qmdzM cfof{jQ{
b]zsf] xflg x'Fb} u}/x]sf] 5 . To; sf/0f o; b'i6 sfdnfO{ 5f8]/ ;Hhgx¿n] k"jf]{Qm k|sf/af6 :jo+j/
ljjfx ug]{ u¿g\ . ;f] ljjfx j0ff{g'qmdn] u/f];\ / j0f{Joj:yf u'0f sd{ :jefjsf] cg';f/ x'g'kb{5 .
k|Zg— s] h;sf dftf–lktf a|fXd0f 5g\ eg], Tof] a|fXd0fL–a|fXd0f x'G5 / h;sf dftf–lktf
cGoj0f{:y 5g\ eg], Tof] slxNo} a|fXd0f x'g ;Sb5 / <
pQ/— xf] x'g ;Sb5, y'k|} e};s]sf 5g\ / cufl8 klg x'g]5g\ . h:t} 5fGbf]Uo pklgifb\df
hfafn Clif c1ft s'n, dxfef/tdf ljZjfldq Iflqo j0f{ / dftË Clif rf08fn s'naf6 a|fXd0f
ePsf lyP . clxn] klg hf] pQd ljBf :jefjjfnf x'G5, Tof] a|fXd0fsf] of]Uo / d"v{ z"b|sf] of]Uo
x'G5, / o:t} cufl8 klg x'Fb} hfg]5 .
k|Zg— sxfF h'g /h–jLo{n] z/L/ ag]sf] x'G5, Tof] k]ml/P/ bf];|f] j0f{sf] of]Uo s;/L x'g
;Sb5 <
pQ/— /h–jLo{sf] of]un] a|fXd0f–z/L/ x'Fb}g . lsGt'—
:jfWofo]g hk}xf]{d}:q}ljB]g]Hoof ;'t}M . dxfo1}Zr o1}Zr a|fXdLo+ lqmot] tg'M ..
—dg':d[lt -cWofo @÷Znf]s @*_ ..
o;sf] cy{ k"j{df u/]/ cfPsf] 5' / oxfF klg ;+If]kdf n]Vb5'— -:jfWofo]g_, k9\g–k9fpg,
-hk}M_ ljrf/ ug{–u/fpg, -xf]d}M_ gfgfljw xf]dsf] cg'i7fg, -q}ljB]g_ ;Dk"0f{ j]bx¿nfO{ zAb, cy{,
;DaGw, :j/f]Rrf/0f;lxt k9\g'—k9fpg', -OHoof_ kf}0f{df;L Oli6 cflbnfO{ ug{], -;'t}M_ k"jf]{Qm
ljlwk"j{s wd{n] ;Gtfgf]TklQ, -dxfo1}Zr_ k"jf]{Qm a|Xdo1, b]jo1, lkt[o1, j}Zjb]jo1 / cltlyo1,
-o1}Zr_ clUgi6f]dflbo1, ljåfg\x¿sf] ;Ë, ;Tsf/, ;Toefif0f, k/f]ksf/flb ;Tosd{ / ;Dk"0f{
lzNkljBflb k9]/ b'i6frf/nfO{ 5f]8\b}, >]i7frf/df rNgfn] -Ood\_ of] -tg'M_ z/L/ -a|fXdL_ a|fXd0fsf]
-lqmot]_ agfpg ;lsG5 . s] o; Znf]snfO{ ltdLn] dfGb}gf} <
pQ/— dfGb5' .
k|Zg— k]ml/ lsg /h–jLo{sf] of]un] j0f{Joj:yfnfO{ dfGb5f} t <
pQ/— d PSn}n] dflGbg, lsGt' y'k|}n] k/Dk/fb]lv g} o:t} dfGb} cfPsf 5g\ .
k|Zg— s] ltdLn] k/Dk/fsf] klg v08g ub{5f} <
pQ/— ulb{g, k/Gt' ltd|f] pN6f] a'emfOnfO{ gdfg]/ v08g klg ub{5' .
k|Zg— xfd|f] pN6f] / ltd|f] ;Lwf a'emfO xf], o;sf] s] k|df0f 5 <
pQ/— oxL k|df0f xf] ls h'g ltdLx¿n] kfFr–;ft lk9Lx¿sf] cufl8sf] s'/fnfO{ jt{dfgsf]
;gftg dfGb5f} / xfdLn] j]b tyf ;[li6sf] cf/Deb]lv cfh ko{Gtsf] s'/fnfO{ k/Dk/f dfGb5f}+ . x]/ Û
h;sf] lktf >]i7 p;sf] k'q b'i6 / h;sf] k'q >]i7 p;sf] lktf b'i6 tyf sxL+ b'O6} >]i7 cyjf b'O6}
b'i6 b]lvgdf cfpF5 . o;}n] ltdLx¿ e|ddf k/]sf 5f} . x]/ Û dg' dxf/fhn] s] eg]sf 5g\—
o]gf:o lkt/f] oftf o]g oftf lktfdxfM . t]g ofofT;tf+ dfu{+ t]g uR5Ì l/iot] ..
—dg':d[lt -cWofo $÷Znf]s !&*_ ..
cy{— h'g dfu{af6 o;sf] lktf, lktfdx rn]sf 5g\, p;} dfu{df ;Gtfg klg rn"g\ k/Gt'
-;tfd\_ h;sf ;Tk'?if lktf, lktfdx 5g\ pgsf] dfu{df rn"g\ / h;sf lktf, lktfdx b'i6 5g\ t
pgsf] dfu{df slxNo} grn"g\ . lsgeg] ;Tk'?if, wdf{Tdf k'vf{x¿sf] dfu{df rNgfn] b'Mv slxNo} x'Fb}g,
o;nfO{ ltdLn] dfGb5f} ls dfGb}gf} <
xf]–xf] dfGb5f}+ .
 / x]/ Û h'g k/d]Zj/–k|sflzt j]bf]Qm s'/f xf] ToxL ;gftg / h'g o;b]lv lj?4 x'G5 Tof]
;gftg slxNo} x'g ;Sb}g . o:tf] ;a}n] dfÌ'kb{5 jf kb}{g <
cjZo dfÌ'kb{5 .
h;n] o:tf] dfGb}g, To;nfO{ eg ls s;}sf] lktf bl/b| 5 p;sf] k'q wgf9Ø /x]5 eg] t s]
cfˆgf] lktfsf] bl/b|fj:yfsf] cledfgn] wgnfO{ ˆofFlslbg] t < s] h;sf] lktf cGwf] x'G5, p;sf]
k'qsf] klg cfFvf k'm6flnlbg] t < h;sf] lktf s'sdL{ 5, s] p;sf] k'qn] klg s'sd{ g} ug]{ t <
xf]Og–xf]Og, lsGt' h'g–h'g k'?ifsf pQd sd{ 5g\, ltgsf] ;]jg / b'i6 sd{x¿sf] Tofu ul/lbg'
;a}sf] nflu cfjZos xf] . hf] s;}n] /h–jLo{sf] of]un] j0ff{>dnfO{ dfÌ] / u'0fsd{x¿sf] of]un]
dfGb}g eg] t To;nfO{ ;f]Wg'kb{5 ls hf] s;}n] cfˆgf] j0f{nfO{ 5f]8]/ gLr, cGToh cyjf s[ZrLg,
d';ndfg ePsf] 5, To;nfO{ a|fXd0f lsg dfGb}gf} < oxfF oxL eÌ]5f} ls p;n] a|fXd0fsf] sd{
5f]l8lbof] To;}n] pm a|fXd0f xf]Og . o;af6 olx l;4 x'G5 ls hf] a|fXd0fflb pQd sd{ ub{5g\,
ltgLx¿ g} a|fXd0fflb / h'g gLr klg pQd j0f{sf] u'0f sd{ :jefjjfnf x'G5 eg] t To;nfO{ klg
pQd j0f{df / hf] pQd j0f{:y eP/ klg gLr sd{ ub{5 eg] To;nfO{ gLr j0f{df cjZo uÌ'kb{5 .
k|Zg— äa/ü/[ae/=Sy/ muo?masId! ba/hU ra?j/Ny/> k&t> ,
^/ê td?Sy/ yÖEZy?> p/Ñya‡ zU/Ôae A?jayt . —oh'j]{b -cWofo #!÷dGq !!_ ..
of] oh'j]{bsf] #!cf}+ cWofosf] !!cf}+ dGq xf] . o;sf] cy{ of] xf] ls a|fXd0f O{Zj/sf] d'v,
Iflqo afx", j}Zo pm¿ / z"b| kuaf6 pTkÌ ePsf] xf] . o;}n] h;/L d'v, g afx' cflb / afx" cflb g
d'v x'G5g\, o;} k|sf/ a|fXd0f g Iflqoflb / Iflqoflb a|fXd0f x'g ;Sb}gg\ .
pQ/— o; dGqsf] cy{ h'g ltdLn] u/]sf 5f}, Tof] 7Ls xf]Og, lsgeg] oxfF k'?if cyf{t\
lg/fsf/, Jofks k/dfTdfsf] cg'j[lQ cfpF5 . ha pm lg/fsf/ 5 eg] To;sf] d'vflb cË x'g] s'/}
ePg, h'g d'vflb cËjfnf xf];\ t Tof] k'?if cyf{t\ Jofks xf]Og, / hf] Jofks xf]Og, Tof]
;j{zlQmdfg, hut\sf] ;|i6f, wtf{, k|nostf{, hLjx¿sf] k'0o–kfknfO{ hfg]/ Joj:yf ug]{jfnf, ;j{1,
chGdf, d[To'/lxt cflb ljz]if0fjfnf x'g ;Sb}g . To;}n] o;sf] cy{ of] xf] ls h'g -c:o_ k"0f{ Jofks
k/dfTdfsf] ;[li6df d'vs} ;b[z ;a}df d'Vo pQd xf], Tof] -a|fXd0f_ a|fXd0f, -afx"_—
…afx'j{} an+ afx'j}{jLo{d\Ú —ztkya|fXd0f t'=-^÷@÷#÷##Ù !#÷!÷!!÷%Ù %÷#÷#÷!&_ ..
an jLo{sf] gfd afx' xf], Tof] h;df clws x'G5 ;f] -/fhGoM_ Iflqo -pm¿_ sl6b]lv
cwf]lt/sf] / hfg'sf] pkl/:y efusf] gfd pm¿ xf], h'g ;a} kbfy{x¿df / ;a} b]zx¿df pm¿sf]
ann] hfG5–cfpF5, k|j]z ub{5, Tof] -j}ZoM_ / -kb\Eofd\_ h'g kusf] cyf{t\ gLr cËsf] ;b[z d"v{tflb
u'0fjfnf xf], Tof] z"b| xf] . cGoq ztky a|fXd0fflbdf klg o; dGqsf] o;/L g} cy{ ul/Psf] 5 .
h:t}—
o:dfb]t] d'Vof:t:dfGd'vtf] Xo;[HoGt . OToflb .
—t'ngf -z=a|f= ^÷!÷!÷!)Ù t}=;+= & ÷!÷!÷$_ ..
h;b]lv oL d'Vo x'g\ To;}n] d'vaf6 pTkÌ eP, o:tf] syg ;+ut x'G5 . cyf{t\ h:tf] d'v
;a} cËx¿df >]i7 xf], To;/L g} k"0f{ ljBf / pQd u'0f–sd{–:jefjn] o'Qm x'gfn] dg'iohfltdf pQd
a|fXd0f elgG5 . ha k/d]Zj/sf] lg/fsf/ x'gfn] d'vflb cË g} 5}gg\ t d'v cflbaf6 pTkÌ x'g'
c;Dej 5 . h:tf] ls aGWof :qLsf] k'qsf] ljjfx x'g' Û / hf] d'vflb cËaf6 a|fXd0fflb pTkÌ ePdf
t pkfbfg sf/0fsf] ;b[z a|fXd0fflbsf] cfs[lt cjZo x'GYof] . h:tf] d'vsf] cfsf/ uf]ndfn 5,
To;/L g} pgsf] z/L/ klg uf]ndfn x'g'kb{5 . Iflqox¿sf] z/L/ e'hfx¿sf] ;b[z, j}Zox¿sf] z/L/
pm¿sf] t'No / z"b|x¿sf] z/L/ kusf] ;dfg cfsf/jfnf x'Gy] . o:tf] 5}g . olb s;}n] ltdLnfO{ k|Zg
unf{ ls hf]–hf] d'vflbaf6 pTkÌ ePsf lyP, ltgsf] a|fXd0fflb ;+1f xf];\ k/Gt' ltd|f] xf]Og, lsgeg]
h;/L ;a} dg'iox¿ uef{zoaf6 pTkÌ x'G5g\ To;/L g} ltdL klg x'G5f} . ltdL d'vflbaf6 pTkÌ
geP/ a|fXd0fflb ;+1fsf] cledfg ub{5f} o;}n] ltdLn] eg]sf] cy{ Joy{ xf] / h'g xfdLn] cy{ u/]sf
5f}+ Tof] ;fFrf] xf], o:t} cGoq klg elgPsf] 5 x]/—
z"b|f] a|fXd0ftfd]lt a|fXd0fZr}lt z"b|tfd\ . IflqofHhftd]jGt' ljBfå}ZofQy}j r ..
—dg':d[lt -cWofo !)÷Znfs ^%_ ..
 hf] z"b|s'ndf pTkÌ eP/ a|fXd0f, Iflqo / j}Zosf] ;dfg u'0f, sd{, :jefjjfnf ePsf] 5
eg] t Tof] z"b| a|fXd0f, Iflqo / j}Zo x'g hfG5, To;/L g} hf] a|fXd0f, Iflqo / j}Zosf] s'ndf
pTkÌ eP/ z"b|sf] ;b[z x'G5 eg] t Tof] z"b| x'g hfg]5 . To;/L g} Iflqo, j}Zosf] s'ndf pTkÌ
eP/ a|fXd0f jf z"b|sf] ;dfg x'gfn] a|fXd0f / z"b| klg x'g hfG5 . cyf{t\ rf/} j0f{df h'g–h'g
j0f{sf] ;b[z h'g–h'g k'?if jf :qL xf];\, Tof]–Tof] p;} j0f{df ulgg hfG5 .
wd{røo{of h3Gof] j0f{M k"j{+ k"j{+ j0f{dfkBt] hfltkl/j[Qf} ..!..
cwd{røo{of k"jf]{ j0ff]{ h3Go+ h3Go+ j0f{dfkBt] hfltkl/j[Qf} ..@..
—of] cfk:tDasf] ;"q xf] -wd{;"q k|Zg @÷k6n %÷sl08sf !!÷;"q !)–!!_ ..
wdf{r/0fn] lgs[i6 j0f{ cfˆgf] eGbf pQd–pQd j0f{nfO{ k|fKt x'G5 / p;} j0f{df ulgG5
h'gdf p;sf] of]Uotf x'G5 ..!..
To;/L g} cwdf{r/0fn] k"j{–k"j{ cyf{t\ pQd–pQd j0f{jfnf dg'io cfk"meGbf gLrf j0f{x¿df
k|fKt x'G5 / p;} j0f{df ulgG5 ..@..
h:tf] k'?if h'g–h'g j0f{sf] of]Uo x'G5 To;/L g} :qLx¿sf] klg Joj:yf ;Demg'kb{5 . o;af6
s] l;4 x'G5 eg] o; k|sf/af6 x'gfn] ;a} j0f{ cfˆgf]–cfˆgf] sd{, u'0f, :jefjo'Qm eP/ z'4tfsf]
;fy /xG5g\ . cyf{t\ a|fXd0fs'ndf sf]xL Iflqo, j}Zo, z"b|sf] ;b[z gx"g\ / Iflqo, j}Zo tyf z"b| j0f{
klg z'4 /xG5g\ . j0f{;+s/tf k|fKt x'g]5}g . o;af6 s'g} j0f{sf] lgGbf jf cof]Uotf klg x'g]5}g .
k|Zg— hf] s;}sf] Pp6} k'q jf k'qL 5, To;n] bf];|f] j0f{df k|lji6 u¥of] eg] To;sf dftf–
lktfsf] ;]jf s;n] ug]{5 / j+zR5]bg klg x'g hfg]5, o:tf] cj:yfdf s:tf] k|sf/sf] Joj:yf
x'g'kb{5 <
pQ/— g s;}sf] ;]jfsf] eË / g s;}sf] j+zf]R5]bg g} x'g]5, lsgeg] ltgnfO{ cfˆgf 5f]/f–
5f]/Lsf] ;§fdf :jj0f{sf of]Uo bf];|f ;Gtfg, ljBf;ef / /fh;efsf] Joj:yfaf6 ldNg]5, To;}n] s]xL
klg cJoj:yf x'g]5}g . of] u'0f sd{n] j0f{x¿sf] Joj:yf sGofx¿sf] ;f]x|f}+ jif{ / k'?ifx¿sf] kRrL;f}+
jif{sf] k/LIffdf lgot ug'{kb{5 / o;} qmdaf6 a|fXd0fsf] a|fXd0fL, Iflqosf] Iflqof, j}Zosf] j}Zof /
z"b|sf] z"b|fsf] ;fydf ljjfx x'g'kb{5, ta g} cfˆgf]–cfˆgf] j0f{x¿sf] sd{ / k/:k/ k|Llt klg
oyfof]Uo x'g]5 . oL rf/} j0f{x¿sf] st{Jo sd{ / u'0f o; k|sf/ 5g\—
cWofkgdWoog+ ohg+ ofhg+ tyf . bfg+ k|ltu|xZr}j a|fXd0ffgfdsNkot\ ..!..
—dg':d[lt -cWofo !÷Znf]s **_ ..
zdf] bd:tkM zf}r+ IfflGt/fh{jd]j r . 1fg+ lj1fgdfl:tSo+ a|Xdsd{:jefjhd\ ..@..
—eujb\uLtf -cWofo !*÷Znf]s $@_ ..
a|fXd0fsf k9\g'–k9fpg', o1 ug'{–u/fpg', bfg lbg'–lng', oL 5M sd{ x'g\, k/Gt' k|ltu|xM
k|Toj/M dg':d[lt -!)÷!)(_, cyf{t\ bfg lng' gLr sd{ xf] ..!.. -zdM_ dgn] g/fd|f] sfdsf] OR5f klg
gug'{ / To;nfO{ cwd{df slxNo} klg k|j[Q x'g glbg', -bdM_ >f]q / rIf' cflb OlGb|onfO{
cGofofr/0fb]lv /f]s]/ wd{df rnfpg', -tkM_ ;bf a|Xdrf/L lht]lGb|o eP/ wdf{g'i7fg ug'{ . -zf}r_—
cb\leuf{qfl0f z'WolGt dgM ;To]g z'Wolt . ljBftkf]Eof+ e"tfTdf a'l41f{g]g z'Wolt ..
—dg':d[lt -cWofo %÷Znf]s !)(_ ..
hnn] aflx/L cË, ;Tofrf/n] dg, ljBf / wdf{g'i7fgn] hLjfTdf / a'l4 1fgn] kljq x'G5 .
leq /fuå]ifflb bf]if / aflx/sf] dnnfO{ b"/ u/]/ z'4 ug'{ cyf{t\ ;Tof˜;TonfO{ ljj]sk"j{s ;Tosf]
u|x0f / c;Tosf] Tofun] lgZro kljq x'G5 . -IfflGt_ cyf{t\ lgGbf–:t'lt, ;'v–b'Mv, zLtf]i0f, If'wf–
t[iff, xflg–nfe, dfgfkdfg cflbdf xif{–zf]s 5f]8]/ wd{df b[9 lglZrt /xg', -cfh{j_ sf]dntf,
lg/ledfg, ;/n:jefj /fVg', s'l6ntflb bf]if 5f]8\g', -1fgd\_ ;a} j]bflb zf:qx¿sf] ;fËf]kfË k9\g]–
k9fpg] ;fdYo{, ljj]s ;Tof˜;Tosf] lg0f{o, h'g j:t' h:tf] 5 cyf{t\ h8nfO{ h8 / r]tgnfO{ r]tg
hfÌ' / dfÌ', -lj1fg_ k[YjLb]lv lnP/ k/d]Zj/ ko{Gt kbfy{x¿sf] ljz]iftfn] hfg]/ ltgaf6 oyfof]Uo
pkof]u lng', -cfl:tSo_ slxNo} j]b, O{Zj/, d'lQm, k"j{–k/hGd, wd{, ljBf, ;T;Ë, dftf, lktf, cfrfo{
/ cltlyx¿sf] ;]jf g5f]8\g' / lgGbf klg slxNo} gug'{, oL kGw| sd{ / u'0f a|fXd0fj0f{ dg'iodf
cjZo x'g'kb{5 ..@.. Iflqo—
k|hfgf+ /If0f+ bfgldHofWoogd]j r . ljifo]ijk|;lQmZr Iflqo:o ;df;tM ..!..
—dg':d[lt -cWofo !÷Znf]s *(_ ..
 zf}o{+ t]hf] w[ltbf{Io+ o'4] rfKoknfogd\ . bfgdLZj/efjZr Iffq+ sd{ :jefjhd\ ..@..
—eujb\uLtf -cWofo !*÷Znf]s $#_ ..
Gofon] k|hfsf] /Iff cyf{t\ kIfkft 5f]8]/, >]i7x¿sf] ;Tsf/ / b'i6x¿sf] lt/:sf/ ug'{, ;a
k|sf/af6 ;a}sf] kfng -bfg_ ljBf wd{sf] k|j[lQ / ;'kfqx¿sf] ;]jfdf wgflb kbfy{x¿sf] Joo ug'{,
-OHof_ clUgxf]qflb o1 ug'{ jf u/fpg' -cWoog_ j]bflb zf:qx¿ k9\g' tyf k9fpg' /
-ljifo]ijk|;lQm_ ljifodf gkm;]/, lht]lGb|o /xFb}, ;bf z/L/ / cfTdfn] anjfg\ /xg' ..!.. -zf}øo{_ PSn}
;of}+ xhf/f}+;Fu klg o'4 ug{df eo gdfÌ', -t]hM_ ;bf t]h:jL bLgtf/lxt k|uNe b[9 /xg', -w[lt_
w}o{jfg\ x'g', -bfIo_ /fhkf6 / k|hf;DaGwL Jojxf/sf ;fy} ;a} zf:qx¿df rt'/f] x'g', -o'4]_ o'4df
klg b[9 lgMzÍ /x]/ p;;Fu slxNo} gx6\g', gefUg' cyf{t\ o; k|sf/n] n8f];\ ls h;af6 lglZrt
ljho xf];\, cfk"m arf];\, efUgfn], zq'nfO{ wf]sf lbgfn] g} hLt x'G5 eg] t o:t} g} u/f];\, -bfg_
bfgzLntf /fVg', -O{Zj/efj_ kIfkft/lxt x'Fb} ;a}sf] ;fy oyfof]Uo rNg', ljrfg'{, jrg lbP/ k|lt1f
k"/f ug'{, af]n]sf] s'/fnfO{ slxNo} klg eË x'g glbg', oL P3f/ Iflqo j0f{sf] sd{ / u'0f x'g\ .. j}Zo—
kz"gf+ /If0f+ bfgldHofWoogd]j r . jl0fSky+ s';Lb+ r j}Zo:o s[lifd]j r ..
—dg':d[lt -cWofo !÷Znf]s ()_ ..
-kz'/Iff_ ufO{ cflb kz'x¿sf] kfng, j4{g ug'{, -bfg_ ljBf wd{sf] j[l4 ug{–u/fpgsf] nflu
wgflbsf] Joo ug'{, -OHof_ clUgxf]qflb o1x¿ ug'{, -cWoog_ j]bflb zf:qx¿nfO{ k9\g', -jl0fSky_
;a} k|sf/sf] Jofkf/ ug'{, -s';Lb_ Ps ;os8fdf rf/ cfgf, 5M cf7, afx|, ;f]x| jf aL; cfgfb]lv
clws Jofh / d"n wgb]lv b'O{ u'0ff cyf{t\ Ps ?k}ofF lbPsf] 5 eg] t ;o jif{df klg b'O{ ¿k}ofF
eGbf clws glng' / glbg', -s[lif_ v]tL ug'{, oL ;a} j}Zosf u'0f sd{ x'g\ . z"b|—
Psd]j lx z"b|:o k|e'M sd{ ;dflbzt\ . Pt]iffd]j j0ff{gf+ z'>"iffdg;"oof ..
—dg':d[lt -cWofo !÷Znf]s (!_ ..
z"b|nfO{ of]Uo of] xf] ls lgGbf, O{iof{, cledfg cflb bf]ifx¿nfO{ 5f8]/ a|fXd0f, Iflqo /
j}Zox¿sf] ;]jf oyfjt\ ug'{ / To;}af6 cfˆgf] hLjg rnfpg', oxL Ps z"b|sf] sd{, u'0f xf] .
olt ;+If]kn] j0f{x¿sf u'0f / sd{ n]lvof] . h'g–h'g k'?ifdf h'g–h'g j0f{sf] u'0f sd{ x'G5g\,
To;–To; j0f{sf] clwsf/ lbg' . o:tf] Joj:yf /fVgfn] ;a} dg'io pÌltzLn x'g]5g\ . lsgeg] pQd
j0f{nfO{ eo x'g]5 ls xfd|f ;Gtfg d"v{Tjflb bf]ifo'Qm eP eg] t z"b| x'g]5g\ / ;Gtfg klg 8/fpFb}
/xg] 5g\ ls olb xfdL pQd rfnrng / ljBfo'Qm ePgf}+ eg] t z"b| x'g kg]{5 , / gLr j0f{df pQd
j0f{:y x'gsf] nflu pT;fx a9\g]5 . ljBf / wd{sf] k|rf/sf] clwsf/ a|fXd0fnfO{ lbg' lsgeg] ltgLx¿
k"0f{ljBfjfg\ / wfld{s x'gfn] To; sfdnfO{ oyfof]Uo ug{ ;Sb5g\ . Iflqox¿nfO{ /fHosf] clwsf/
lbgfn] slxNo} klg /fHosf] xflg jf lj£g x'Fb}g . kz'kfngflbsf] clwsf/ j}Zox¿n] g} ubf{df of]Uo
x'G5, lsgeg] ltgLx¿n] o; sfdnfO{ /fd|f];Fu ub{5g\ . z"b|nfO{ ;]jfsf] clwsf/ o; sf/0fn] xf] ls
ltgLx¿ ljBf/lxt d"v{ x'gfn] lj1fg;DaGwL sfd s]xL klg ug{ ;Sb}gg\ lsGt' z/L/sf] ansf] sfd
hlt ;a} ug{ ;Sb5g\ . o; k|sf/ j0f{x¿nfO{ cfˆgf]–cfˆgf] clwsf/df k|j[Q u/fpg' /fhf cflb
;Eohgx¿sf] sfd xf] .
ljjfxsf nIf0fx¿ -$=^_
a|fXdf] b}j:ty}jfif{M k|fhfkTo:tyf˜˜;'/M . ufGwjf]{ /fIf;Zr}j k}zfrZrfi6df]˜wdM ..
—dg':d[lt -cWofo #÷Znf]s @!_ ..
ljjfx cf7 k|sf/sf] x'G5 . Ps a|fXd, bf];|f] b}j, t];|f] cfif{, rf}yf] k|fhfkTo, kfFrf}+ cf;'/, 5}6f}+
ufGwj{, ;ftf}+ /fIf;, cf7f}+ k}zfr . logdf a|fXdljjfx Tof] xf] ls— j/ / sGof b'O6} oyfjt\
a|Xdro{n] k"0f{ ljåfg\, wfld{s / ;'zLn x'G5g, ltgsf] k/:k/ k|;Ìtfn] ljjfx x'g'nfO{ …a|fXdÚ ljjfx
elgG5 . lj:t[to1 u/]/, ClTjs\n] sd{ ub}{ hfdftfnfO{ cnÍf/o'Qm sGof lbg' …b}jÚ ljjfx elgG5 .
j/b]lv s]xL lnP/ ljjfx ug'{nfO{ …cfif{Ú elgG5 . b'O6}sf] ljjfx wd{sf] j[l4sf] cy{df x'g' …k|fhfkToÚ .
j/ / sGofdf s]xL n]gb]g u/]/ ljjfx ug'{ …cf;'/Ú . clgod, c;dodf s'g} sf/0fn] b'O6}sf]
OR5fk"j{s j/ / sGofsf] k/:k/ ;+of]u x'g' …ufGwj{Ú . n8fO{ u/]/ anfTsf/ k"j{s sGof u|x0f ug'{
…/fIf;Ú . zog jf dBflb lkP/ dft]sL a]xf]zL sGof;Fu anfTsf/ ;+of]u ug'{ …k}zfrÚ . oL ;a}
ljjfx¿df a|fXdljjfx ;jf]{Ts[i6, b}j / k|fhfkTo dWod, cfif{, cf;'/ / ufGwj{ lgs[i6, /fIf; cwd /
k}zfr dxfe|i6 xf] . o;}n] of] lgZro /fVg'kb{5 ls sGof / j/sf] ljjfxsf] k"j{ PsfGt d]n x'g'x'Fb}g .
lsgeg] o'jfj:yfdf :qL–k'?ifsf] PsfGtjf; b"if0fsf/s x'G5 . k/Gt' ha sGof jf j/sf] ljjfxsf]
;do xf];\ cyf{t\ ha Ps jif{ jf 5M dlxgf a|Xdrof{>d / ljBf k"/f x'gdf z]if /xf];\, ta sGof /
s'df/x¿sf] k|ltlaDa cyf{t\ h;nfO{ …kmf]6f]u|fkmÚ eGb5g\ cyjf k|lts[lt ptf/]/ sGofx¿sf]
cWoflksfsxfF s'df/x¿sf], / s'df/x¿lt/ s]6fx¿sf] cWofkssxfF s]6Lx¿sf] k|lts[lt k7fOlbg' .
h;–h;sf] ¿k ldN5, p;–p;sf] Oltxf; cyf{t\ hGdb]lv lnP/ To; lbg ko{Gt hGdrl/q sf]
k':ts xf];\ To;nfO{ cWofksn] dufP/ x]¿g\ . ha b'O6}sf] u'0f–sd{ :j;b[z x'G5 eg] ta h;–
h;sf] ;fydf h;–h;sf] ljjfx x'g of]Uo b]lvG5, p;–p; k'?if / sGofsf] k|ltlaDa / Oltxf;
sGof / j/sf] xftdf lbP/ / eg"g\ ls o;df h] ltd|f] clek|fo 5, xfdLnfO{ ljlbt ul/lbg' . ha tL
b'O6fsf lgZro k/:k/ ljjfx ug{sf] nflu kSsf xf]cf];\, ta tL b'O6}sf] ;dfjQ{g Ps} ;dodf xf];\ .
olb ltgLx¿n] cWofkssxfF ljjfx ug{ rfx]df ToxL+ u/fOlbg], gq eg] sGofsf] dftf–lktfsf] 3/df
ljjfx u/fOlbg of]Uo x'G5 . ha ltgLx¿ ;dIf x'G5g\, ta cWofksx¿ jf sGofsf] dftf–lktf cflb
eb|k'?ifx¿sf] ;fd'Ì] tL b'O6}nfO{ cfk;df s'/fsfgL, zf:qfy{ ug'{ / h]–hlt u'Kt Jojxf/ ;f]Wg'5 Tof]
;efdf n]v]/, Ps b];|fsf] xftdf lbP/ k|Zgf]Q/ u/f];\ . ha b'O6}n] b[9 k|]d ljjfx ug{df /flh x'G5g\,
ta ltgLx¿sf] vfg–kfgsf] pQd k|aGw x'g'kb{5 ls h;af6 pgLx¿sf] z/L/ h'g k"j{ a|Xdro{ /
ljBfWoog tkZrof{ / si6n] b'a{n x'G5, Tof] rGb|dfsf] snfe}+m a9]/ yf]/} lbgdf g} k'i6 eP/
cfcf];\ .
kZrft\ h'g lbg sGof /h:jnf eP/ ha z'4 x'lG5g\ ta j]bL / d08k /r]/ cg]s ;'uGWoflb
b|Jo / 3[tflbsf] xf]d tyf cfdlGqt cg]s ljåfg\ k'?if / :qLx¿nfO{ oyfof]Uo ;Tsf/ u/f];\ . kZrft\
h'g lbg Ct'bfg lbg of]Uo ;lDemG5g\, To;} lbg ;+:sf/ljlw:y ljjfx ljlwsf] cg';f/ ;a} sd{ u/]/,
dWo/flq jf bz ah] clt k|;Ìtfsf] ;fydf ;a}sf] ;fd'Ì] kfl0fu|x0fk"j{s ljjfxsf] ljlwnfO{ k"/f
u/]/, PsfGt;]jg u¿g\ . k'?if jLo{:yfkg / :qL jLof{sif{0fsf] h'g ljlw 5, To;}sf] cg';f/ b'O6}n]
u¿g\ . hxfF;Dd aG5, ToxfF;Dd a|Xdro{sf] jLo{nfO{ v]/ hfg gb]cf];\, lsgeg] To; jLo{–/haf6
h'g z/L/ pTkÌ x'G5, Tof] ck"j{ pQd ;Gtfg x'G5 . ha jLo{ uef{zodf emg]{ ;do x'G5, Tolt j]nf
:qL k'?if b'O6} l:y/ / gfl;sfsf] ;fd'Ì] gfl;sf, g]qsf] ;fd'Ì] g]q cyf{t\ ;Lwf z/L/ / cToGt
k|;ÌlrQ /x"g\, gxlNnpmg\ . k'?ifn] cfˆgf] z/L/nfO{ xn'sf 5f]8f];\ / :qLn] jLo{k|flKt;do ckfg
jfo'nfO{ dflylt/ lvrf];\, of]lgnfO{ dflylt/ ;+sf]r u/]/ jLo{nfO{ dfly cfsif{0f ub}{ uef{zodf l:yt
u/f];\ . kZrft\ b'O6}n] z'4 hnn] :gfg u¿g\ .
ue{l:yt ePsf] kl/1fg ljb'ifL :qLnfO{ t plTgv]/} yfxf x'G5, k/Gt' o;sf] lgZro Ps dlxgf
kZrft\ /h:jnf gePkl5 ;a}nfO{ yfxf x'G5 . z'7f], s]z/, c;uGw, ;]tf] ;'s'd]n / sfnf]ld>L xfn]/
ttfP/ k|yd g} /fv]/ ;]nfPsf] b"w oyf?lr b'O6}n] lkP/ cnu–cnu cfˆgf]–cfˆgf] zøofdf zog
u¿g\ . oxL ljlw ha–ha uef{wfg–lqmof ul/G5 ta–ta ug{ plrt x'G5 .
ha dlxgfe/df /h:jnf gePkl5 ue{l:yltsf] lgZro x'G5, tab]lv Ps jif{ ko{Gt :qL
k'?ifn] slxNo} klg ;dfud ug{'x'Fb}g . lsgeg] o:tf] x'gaf6 ;Gtfg pQd / bf];|f] ;Gtfg klg >]i7
x'Fb}g, jLo{ Joy{ hfG5, b'O6}sf] cfo' 36\b5 / cg]s k|sf/sf] /f]u nfUb5 . k/Gt' dflyaf6 efif0fflb
k|]do'Qm–Jojxf/ cjZo /fVg'kb{5 . k'?if jLo{sf] l:ylt / :qL ue{sf] /Iff / ef]hg–5fbg o; k|sf/n]
u¿g\ ls h;af6 k'?ifsf] jLo{ ;kgfdf klg gi6 gxf];\ / ue{df afnssf] z/L/ cTo'Qd ¿k,
nfj0o, k'li6, an, k/fqmdo'Qm eP/ bzf}+ dlxgfdf hlGdof];\ . ljz]if p;sf] /Iff rf}yf] dlxgfb]lv /
cltljz]if cf7f}+ dlxgfb]lv cufl8 ug'{kb{5 . slxNo} klg ue{jtL :qLn] /]rs, ?If, dfbsb|Jo, a'l4 /
angfzs kbfy{x¿nfO{ ef]hgflbdf ;]jg gu/f];\, lsGt' £o", b"w, pQd wfg, uxF', d+'uL, df; / cÌ,
kfgL / b]zsfnsf] klg ;]jg o'lQmk"j{s u/f];\ . ue{df b'O{ ;+:sf/ Ps rf}yf] dlxgfdf k'+;jg / bf];|f]
cf7f}+ dlxgfdf ;LdGtf]Ìog ljlwsf] cg's"n u/f];\ .
ha ;Gtfgsf] hGd x'G5, ta :qL / aRrfsf] z/L/sf] /Iff c;fWo} ;fjwfgLn] u/f];\ . cyf{t\
z'07Lkfs, cyjf ;f}efUoz'07Lkfs k|yd g} agfP/ /fvf];\ . Tolt j]nf ;'ulGwo'Qm pi0f hn, h'g
rflx+ dGtftf] xf];\, To;}af6 :qLn] :gfg u/f];\ . afnsnfO{ klg :gfg u/fcf];\ . tTkZrft\ gf8L5]bg–
afnssf] gflesf] k]mbdf Ps sf]dn ;"tn] afFw]/, rf/ c+u'n 5f]8]/ dflyaf6 sf6f];\ . To;nfO{ o;/L

of] s'/f] a8f] /x:osf] 5, o;}n] oltaf6} ;du| s'/fx¿ a'‰g'kb{5, ljz]if n]Vg plrt 5}g . –-bofgGb ;/:jtL_
afFlwof];\ ls h;af6 z/L/sf] Ps yf]kf klg ?lw/ hfg gkfcf];\ . kZrft\ p; :yfgnfO{ z'4 u/]/
To;sf] åf/leq ;'uGwflbo'Qm 3[tflbsf] xf]d u/f];\ . tTkZrft\ ;Gtfgsf] sfgdf lktfn] …j]bf]˜;LltÚ
-z=a|f= !$÷&÷%÷@%_ cyf{t\ t]/f] …gfd j]b xf]Ú ;'gfP/ ;'gsf] znfsf cyf{t\ tf/n] £o" / dx lnP/
;Gtfgsf] lha|f]df …cf]#d\Ú cIf/ n]v]/ dw' / 3[tnfO{ To;} znfsfn] r6fOb]cf];\ . kZrft\ p;sL
cfdfnfO{ b]cf];\ . b"w lkpg rfx]df cfdfsf] b"w lkofOof];\ . olb cfdfsf] b"w cfPsf] 5}g eg] s'g}
cGo :qLsf] b"w k/LIff u/]/ lkofOof];\ . kZrft\ bf];|f] sf]7fdf hxfFsf] jfo' z'4 xf];\, ToxfF ;'ulGwt
£o"sf] xf]d k|ftM / ;fo+sfn ug]{ ug'{ / To;}df k|;"tf :qL tyf afnsnfO{ /fVg' . 5M lbg;Dd dftfsf]
b"w lknfpg' / :qL klg cfˆgf] z/L/sf] k'li6sf] cy{ cg]s k|sf/sf] pQd ef]hg ug]{ / of]lg;+sf]rflb
klg ug]{ .
5}6f}+ lbgdf aflx/ lgl:sg] / ;Gtfgsf] nflu b"w lknfpgsf] nflu wfoLcfdf /fVg] . p;sf]
vfg–kfgdf /fd|f] x]/rfx u/f];\ . To;n] b"w lknfcf];\ / kfng klg u/f];\ . k/Gt' p;sL dftfn]
aRrfdfly k"0f{ b[li6 /fvf];\ ls s'g} k|sf/sf] cg'lrt Jojxf/ p;sf] kfngdf gxf];\ . :qLn] b"w aGw
ug{sf] cy{ :tgsf] cu|efudf o:tf] n]k u/f];\ ls h;af6 b"w ;|ljt gxf];\ . To;/L g} vfg–kfgsf]
Jojxf/df klg oyfof]Uo Vofn /fvf];\ . kZrft\ gfds/0fflb ;+:sf/ljlwsf] /Lltn] oyfsfn ub}{
hfcf];\ . kZrft\ ha bf];|f] dlxgfdf /h:jnf ePdf ta z'4 ePkl5 p;} k|sf/n] Ct'bfg b]cf];\ .
Ct'sfnfleufdL :oft\ :jbf/lg/tM ;bf .. —dg':d[lt -cWofo #÷Znf]s $%_ ..
:qL–k'?ifsf Jojxf/x¿ -$=&_
a|Xdrføo{]j ejlt oq tqf>d] j;g\ .. —dg':d[lt -cWofo #÷Znf]s %)_ ..
hf] cfˆg} :qLdf k|;Ì / Ct'ufdL x'G5, Tof] u[x:y klg a|Xdrf/L s} ;b[z x'G5 .
;Gt'i6f] efo{of eQf{ eqf{ efof{ ty}j r . ol:dÌ]j s'n] lgTo+ sNof0f+ tq j} w|'jd\ ..!..
olb lx :qL g /f]r]t k'df+;Ì k|df]bo]t\ . ck|df]bfTk'gM k';+M k|hg+ g k|jQ{t] ..@..
l:qof+ t' /f]rdfgfof+ ;j{+ tb|f]rt] s'nd\ . t:of+ Tj/f]rdfgfof+ ;j{d]j g /f]rt] ..#..
—dg':d[lt -cWofo #÷Znf]s ^)–^@_ ..
h'g s'ndf efof{n] etf{ / kltn] kTgL ;b}j k|;Ì /xG5], To; s'ndf ;a} ;f}efUo / P]Zjo{
lgjf; ub{5g\ . hxfF snx x'G5, ToxfF bf}ef{Uo / bfl/b|Ø l:y/ x'G5 ..!.. h'g :qLn] kltnfO{ k|Llt /
kltnfO{ k|;Ì ulb{g eg] t klt ck|;Ì x'gfn] ToxfF sfd pTkÌ x'Fb}g . h'g :qLsf] k|;Ìtfn] ;a}
s'n k|;Ì x'G5 / p;sf] ck|;Ìtfn] ;a} ck|;Ì cyf{t\ b'Mvbfos x'g hfG5g\ ..#..
lkt[lee|f{t[leZr}tfM kltleb]{j/}:tyf . k"Hof e"iflotJofZr ax'sNof0fdLK;'leM ..!..
oq gfo{:t' k"HoGt] /dGt] tq b]jtfM . oq}tf:t' g k"HoGt] ;jf{:tqf˜kmnfM lqmofM ..@..
Zff]rlGt hfdof] oq ljgZoTofz' tTs'nd\ . g zf]rlGt t' oq}tf j4{t] tl4 ;j{bf ..#..
t:dfb]tfM ;bf k"Hof e"if0ffR5fbgfzg}M . e"ltsfd}g{/}lg{To+ ;Tsf/]if"T;j]if' r ..$..
—dg':d[lt -cWofo #÷Znf]s %%–%&, %(_ ..
lktf, efO, klt / b]j/ lognfO{ ;Tsf/k"j{s e"if0fflbn] k|;Ì /fVg', h;nfO{ w]/} sNof0fsf]
OR5f 5, To;n] o:t} u/f];\ ..!.. h'g 3/df :qLx¿sf] ;Tsf/ x'G5, To;df ljBfo'Qm eP/ b]j;+1fn]
lrlgP/ cfgGbn] qmL8f ub{5g\ / h'g 3/df :qLx¿sf] ;Tsf/ x'Fb}g, ToxfF ;a} lqmof lgikmn x'g
hfG5 ..@.. h'g 3/ jf s'ndf :qLx¿ zf]sft'/ eP/ b'Mv kfpF5g\, Tof] s'n zL3| gi6–e|i6 x'g hfG5
/ h'g 3/ jf s'ndf :qLx¿ cfgGbn], pT;fx / k|;Ìtfn] el/P/ /xG5g\, Tof] s'n ;j{bf
al9/fVb5 ..#.. o;}n] P]Zjo{sf] sfdgf rfxg] dg'ionfO{ of]Uo 5 ls ;Tsf/ / pT;jsf] ;dodf e"if0f,
j:q / ef]hgflbn] :qLx¿sf] lgTok|lt ;Tsf/ u¿g\ ..$.. o; s'/fsf] ;b}j Vofn /fVg'kb{5 ls …k"hfÚ
sf] cy{ ;Tsf/ xf] / lbg–/ftdf ha–ha k|yd e]6 x'G5 jf 5'l§G5, ta–ta k|Lltk"j{s …gd:t]Ú
zAbaf6 Ps–csf{nfO{ clejfbg u/f}+ .
;bf k|Åi6of efJo+ u[xsfo]{if' bIfof . ;';+:s[tf]k:s/of Joo] rfd'Qmx:tof ..
—dg':d[lt -cWofo %÷Znf]s !%)_ ..
:qLx¿nfO{ of]Uo 5 ls cltk|;Ìtfn] 3/sf] sfddf rt'/fO{o'Qm ;a} kbfy{nfO{ pQd ;+:sf/,
3/sf] z'l4 / Joodf cToGt pbf/ ;bf /xg' cyf{t\ ;a} rLh kljq / kfs o:tf] k|sf/n] agfpmg\ ls
cf}ifw¿kL eP/ 3/, z/L/ jf cfTdfdf /f]u cfpg gkfcf];\ . h]–h] Joo ePsf] 5 To;sf] lx;fa
oyfjt\ /fv]/ klt cflbnfO{ ;'gfOlbg] ug'{ . 3/sf gf]s/–rfs/x¿af6 oyfof]Uo sfd lnof];\ . 3/sf]
s'g} sfdnfO{ lau|g glbof];\ .
l:qof] /TgfGoyf] ljBf ;To+ zf}r+ ;'efliftd\ . ljljwflg r lzNkflg ;dfb]oflg ;j{tM ..
—dg':d[lt -cWofo @÷Znf]s @$)_ ..
pQd :qL, gfgf k|sf/sf] /Tg, ljBf, ;To, kljqtf, >]i7efif0f / gfgf k|sf/sf] sf/Lu/L ;a}
dg'ion] ;a} b]z / dg'ioaf6 u|x0f u/f];\ .
;To+ a|"oflTk|o+ a|"ofÌ a|"oft\ ;Todlk|od\ . lk|o+ r gfg[t+ a|"ofb]if wd{M ;gftgM ..!..
eb|+ eb|ldlt a|"ofb\eb|ldTo]j jf jb]t\ . z'isj}/+ ljjfb+ r g s'of{Ts]glrT;x ..@..
—dg':d[lt -cWofo $÷Znf]s !#*–!#(_ ..
;bf lk|o ;To, bf];|fnfO{ lxtsf/s af]nf];\, clk|o ;To cyf{t\ sfgfnfO{ sfgf] gegf];\, e'm6
cyf{t\ bf];|fnfO{ k|;Ì ug]{ cy{ gaf]nf];\ ..!.. ;bf eb| cyf{t\ ;a}sf] lxtsf/L jrg af]nf];\ . z'isj}/
cyf{t\ lagf ck/fw s;};Fu lj/f]w jf ljjfb gu/f];\ ..@.. h'g–h'g csf{sf] lxtsf/s s'/f xf];\ /
g/fd|f] dfg"g\, tyflk eg]/} 5f]8\g' .
k'?iff axjf] /fhg\ ;tt+ lk|ojflbgM . clk|o:o t' kYo:o jQmf >f]tf r b'n{eM ..
—dxfef/t pBf]ukj{–ljb'/gLlt -cWofo #& Znf]s !$_ ..
ljb'/hL eÌ'x'G5 ls x] w[t/fi6« Û o; ;+;f/df csf{nfO{ lg/Gt/ k|;Ì ug{sf] nflu lk|o af]Ng]
k|z+;sx¿ y'k|} 5g\, k/Gt' ;'Ìdf clk|o ljlbt xf];\ / Tof] sNof0f ug]{ jrg xf];\, To;nfO{ eÌ] /
;'Ì] k'?ifx¿ b'n{e 5g\ . lsgeg] ;Tk'?ifx¿sf] afgL g} xf] ls d'vn] ;fd'Ì] csf{sf] bf]if eÌ' /
cfˆgf] ;'gfpg', k/f]Ifdf bf];|fsf] u'0f ;bf atfpg' . k]ml/ b'i6x¿sf] oxL /Llt xf] ls ;Dd'vdf u'0f
atfpg' / k/f]Ifdf bf]ifsf] k|sfz ug'{ . ha;Dd dg'ion] csf{af6 cfˆgf] bf]if ;'Gb}g jf eÌ]jfnfn]
eGb}g ta;Dd dg'io bf]ifx¿af6 5'6]/ u'0fL x'Fb}g . slxNo} klg s;}sf] lgGbf gug'{ . h:t}—
u'0f]if' bf]iff/f]k0fd;"of cyf{t\ bf]if]if' u'0ff/f]k0fdKo;"of, u'0f]if' u'0ff/f]k0f+ bf]if]if' bf]iff/f]k0f+ r
:t'ltM h;n] u'0fdf bf]if / bf]ifdf u'0f nufpF5 Tof] lgGbf / u'0fdf u'0f, bf]ifdf bf]ifsf] syg ub{5
To;nfO{ :t'lt elgG5 . cyf{t\ ldYofefif0fsf] gfd …lgGbfÚ / ;Toefif0fsf] gfd …:t'ltÚ xf] .
a'l4j[l4s/f0ofz' wGoflg r lxtflg r . lgTo+ zf:qf0oj]If]t lgudf+Zr}j j}lbsfg\ ..!..
oyf oyf lx k'?ifM zf:q+ ;dlwuR5lt . tyf tyf ljhfgflt lj1fg+ rf:o /f]rt] ..@..
—dg':d[lt -cWofo $÷Znf]s !(–@)_ ..
h'g a'l4, wg / lxtsf] zL3| j[l4 u/fpg] zf:q / j]bx¿ 5g\, ltgnfO{ lgTo ;'g"g\ / ;'gfpmg\,
a|Xdrof{>ddf k9]sf x'g\, ltgnfO{ :qL k'?if lgTo ljrf¿g\ / k9fpg] u¿g\ ..!.. lsgeg] h;/L
dg'ion] zf:qx¿nfO{ oyfjt\ hfGb5, To;/L g} p;sf] lj1fg a9\b} hfG5 / To;}df ?lr klg a9\b}
/xG5 ..@..
kfFr dxfo1x¿ -$=*_
Clifo1+ b]jo1+ e"to1+ r ;j{bf . g[o1+ lkt[o1+ r oyfzlQm g xfko]t\ ..!..
—dg':d[lt -cWofo $÷Znf]s @!_ ..
cWofkg+ a|Xdo1M lkt[o1Zr tKk{0fd\ . xf]df] b}jf] alnef}{tf] g[o1f]˜ltlyk"hgd\ ..@..
—dg':d[lt -cWofo #÷Znf]s &)_ ..
:jfWofo]gfr{o]tifL{g\ xf]d}b]{jfg\ oyfljlw . lktög\ >f4}Zr gögÌ}e"{tflg alnsd{0ff ..#..
—dg':d[lt -cWofo #÷Znf]s *!_ ..
b'O6f o1 a|Xdro{df n]lv;s]sf] 5'— ltgLx¿ cyf{t\ Ps -a|Xdo1_ j]bflb zf:qx¿nfO{
k9\g'–k9fpg', ;GWof]kf;g, of]ufEof; . bf];|f] b]jo1—ljåfg\x¿sf] ;Ë, ;]jf, kljqtf, lbJo u'0fx¿sf]
wf/0f, bft[Tj, ljBfsf] pÌlt ug'{ xf] . oL b'O6f o1 ;fo+–k|ftM ug'{kg]{ x'G5 .
sa/y<sa?y< g&/hp?itnaeR A/iGn> àa/t> àa?t> saEmn/sSy? da/ta0 .1.

àa/t> àa?tg&/Rhp?itnaeR A/iGn> sa/y<sa?y< saEmn/sSy? da/ta0 .2.

—cyj{j]b -sf08 !(÷cg'jfs &÷dGq #–$_, -!(÷%%÷#–$_ ..
t:dfbxf]/fq:o ;+of]u] a|fXd0fM ;GWofd'kf;Lt . —-t'=—if8\lj+z a|fXd0f k|kf=$÷v+=%_ ..
pBGtd:t+ ofGtdflbTodleWofog\ ..#.. —t}lQ/Lo cf/0os -k|kf= @÷cg'jfs @_ ..
 g lti7lt t' oM k"jf{+ gf]kf:t] oZr klZrdfd\ . ; z"b|jålxisfo{M ;j{:dfb\ låhsd{0fM ..$..
—dg':d[lt -cWofo @÷Znf]s !)#_ ..
h'g ;GWof–;GWof sfndf xf]d ul/G5, Tof] x't b|Jo k|ftMsfndf jfo'z'l4åf/f ;'vsf/L
x'G5 ..!.. h'g clUgdf k|ftM–k|ftM sfndf xf]d ul/G5, Tof] x't b|Jo ;fo+sfn ko{Gt jfo'sf] z'l4åf/f
an, a'l4 / cf/f]Uosf/s x'G5 ..@.. o;}n] lbg / /flqsf] ;lGwdf cyf{t\ ;"of]{bo / ;"of{:t ;dodf
k/d]Zj/sf] Wofg / clUgxf]q cjZo ug'{kb{5 ..#.. / h;n] oL b'O6} sfd ;fo+ / k|ftMsfndf ub}{g,
To;nfO{ ;Hhgx¿n] ;a låhx¿sf] sd{b]lv aflx/ lgsflnlbg', cyf{t\ To;nfO{ z"b|jt\ ;Demg' ..$..
k|Zg— lqsfn ;GWof lsg gug]{ <
pQ/— tLg ;dodf ;lGw x'Fb}g, k|sfz / cGwsf/sf] ;lGw dfq ;fo+–k|ftM b'O6f g} j]nfdf
x'G5 . h;n] o;nfO{ gdfg]/ dWofÂsfndf t];|f] ;GWof ug{ dfGb5, To;n] dWo/flqdf klg lsg
gug]{ < h;n] dWo/flqdf klg ug{ rfxG5 eg] k|x/–k|x/, 38L–38L, kn–kn / If0f–If0fsf] klg
;lGwdf ;GWof]kf;g ug]{ u/f];\ . h'g o:tf] rfx]/ klg x'g ;Sb}g / s'g} zf:qsf] dWof ;GWofdf
k|df0f klg 5}g . o;}n] b'O6} sfndf dfq ;GWof / clUgxf]q ug'{, t];|f] sfndf xf]Og . k]ml/ h'g tLg
sfndf x'G5 Tof] e"t, eljiot\ / jt{dfgsf] e]bn] ubf{ ePsf] xf] . ;GWof]kf;gsf] e]bn] xf]Og .
t];|f] …lkt[o1Ú cyf{t\ h;df b]j h'g ljåfg\, Clif h;n] k9\5–k9fpF5, lkt[ h'g dftf–lktf
cflb j[4, 1fgL / k/d of]uLx¿sf] ;]jf ug'{ . lkt[o1sf] b'O6f e]b 5g\— klxnf] …>f4Ú / bf];|f]
…tk{0fÚ . >f4 cyf{t\ >t\ ;Tosf] gfd xf], …>T;To+ bwflt oof lqmoof ;f >4f, >4of olTqmot]
tR5«f4d\Ú cyf{t\ h;af6 ;Tosf] u|x0f ul/of];\ To;nfO{ >4f / h'g–h'g >4fn] ;]jf¿k sd{ ul/G5,
To;sf] gfd …>f4Ú xf] . …t[KolGt tk{olGt o]g lktög\ tQk{0fd\Ú cyf{t\ h'g–h'g sd{n] t[Kt cyf{t\
ljBdfg dftf–lktflb lkt[x¿ k|;Ì x'G5g\ / k|;Ì ul/of];\, o;}sf] gfd …tk{0fÚ xf], k/Gt' of] sd{
hLljtx¿sf] nflu xf], d[tsx¿sf] nflu xf]Og .
cy b]jtk{0fd\
cf]+ a|Xdfbof] b]jf:t[KoGtfd\ . a|Xdflbb]jkTGo:t[KoGtfd\ . a|Xdflbb]j;'tf:t[KoGtfd\ .
a|Xdflbb]ju0ff:t[KoGtfd\ .. —x]g'{xf];\ -kf/:s/ / cfZjnfog u[Xo;"q_ ..
Olt b]jtk{0fd\
…ljåfœ;f] lx b]jfMÚ —of] ztky a|fXd0f -#÷%÷^÷!)_ sf] jrg xf] .
hf] ljåfg\ 5g\, pg}nfO{ …b]jÚ elgG5 . h;n] ;fËf]kfË rf/} j]bnfO{ hfGb5, pg}sf] gfd …a|XdfÚ / hf]
pgLb]lv Go"g k9]sf 5g\, pgsf] gfd klg …b]jÚ cyf{t\ …ljåfg\Ú xf] . pgs} ;b[z ljb'ifL pgsL :qL
…a|Xdf0fLÚ / …b]jLÚ, pgs} t'No k'q / lzio tyf pgs} ;b[z pgs} u0f cyf{t\ ;]js x'g\, pg}sf] ;]jf
ug'{sf] gfd g} …>f4Ú / …tk{0fÚ xf] .
cy Cliftk{0fd\
cf]+ d/LRofbo Cifo:t[KoGtfd\ . d/LRofB[lifkTGo:t[KoGtfd\ . d/LRofB[lif;'tf:t[KoGtfd\ .
d/LRofB[lifu0ff:t[KoGtfd\ .. —x]g'{xf];\ -kf/:s/ / cfZjnfog u[Xo;"q_ ..
Olt Cliftk{0fd\
hf] a|Xdfsf] k|kf}q d/Llrjt\ ljåfg\ eP/ k9fpF5g\ / pgs} ;b[z ljBfo'Qm pgsL :qLx¿,
sGofx¿nfO{ ljBfbfg lbG5g\, pgs} t'No k'q / lzio tyf pgs} ;dfg pgs} ;]js x'g\, ltg}sf]
;]jg–;Tsf/ ug'{ …Cliftk{0fÚ xf] .
cy lkt[tk{0fd\
cf]+ ;f]d;bM lkt/:t[KoGtfd\ . clUgijfQfM lkt/:t[KoGtfd\ . alx{ifbM lkt/:t[KoGtfd\ . ;f]dkfM
lkt/:t[KoGtfd\ . xlje'{hM lkt/:t[KoGtfd\ . cfHokfM lkt/:t[KoGtfd\ . ;'sflngM lkt/:t[KoGtfd\ .
odflbEof] gdM odfbL+:tk{ofld . lkq] :jwf gdM lkt/+ tk{ofld . lktfdxfo :jwf gdM lktfdx+
tk{ofld . k|lktfdxfo :jwf gdM k|lktfdx+ tk{ofld . dfq] :jwf gdf] dft/+ tk{o fld . lktfdXo} :jwf
gdM lktfdxL+ tk{ofld . k|lktfdXo} :jwf gdM k|lktfdxL+ tk{ofld . :jkTGo} :jwf gdM :jkTgL+
tk{ofld . ;DalGwEoM :jwf gdM ;DalGwg:tk{ofld . ;uf]q]EoM :jwf gdM ;uf]qfF:tk{ofld ..
—x]g'{xf];\ -oh'j]{b cWofo !( .. dg':d[lt cWofo # .. a[= kf/fz/ :d[lt c=&÷Znf]s !^&–!^*_ ..
 Olt lkt[tk{0fd\ ..
-;f]d;bM_ …o] ;f]d] hubLZj/] kbfy{ljBfof+ r ;LblGt t] ;f]d;bMÚ hf] k/dfTdf / kbfy{–ljBfdf lgk'0f
5 . …o}/Ug]lj{B'tf] ljBf u[xLtf t] clUgijfQfMÚ h;n] clUg cyf{t\ ljB'bflb kbfy{x¿nfO{ hfGb5 . …o]
alx{lif pQd] Jojxf/] ;LblGt t] alx{ifbMÚ hf] pQd ljBfj[l4o'Qm Jojxf/df l:yt 5 . …o]
;f]dd}Zjo{df]ifwL/;+ jf kflGt lkalGt jf t] ;f]dkfMÚ hf] P]Zjo{sf] /Ifs / dxf}iflw /;sf] kfg ugf{n]
/f]u/lxt / cGosf] P]Zjo{sf] /Ifs, cf}iflwx¿ lbP/ /f]u gfzs x'G5, tL …;f]dkfÚ . …o] xljxf]{t'dQ'dx{+
e'~ht] ef]holGt jf t] xlje'{hMÚ dfbs, lx+;fsf/s b|JonfO{ 5f]8]/ ef]hg ug]{x¿, tL …xlje'{hMÚ . …o
cfHo+ 1ft'+ k|fKt'+ jf of]Uo+ /IflGt jf lkalGt t]Ú hf] hfÌof]Uo j:t'sf] /Ifs / 3[t–b'Uwflb vfg] /
lkpg]x¿, ltgLx¿ …cfHokfÚ . …zf]egM sfnf] ljBt] o]iffGt] ;'sflngMÚ h;n] /fd|f] wd{ ug]{ / ;'v¿kL
;do xf];\ . …o] b'i6fg\ oR5lGt lgu[X0flGt t] odf GofofwLzfMÚ hf] Gofosf/L b'i6x¿nfO{ b08 /
>]i7x¿sf] kfng ub{5 . …oM kflt ;M lktfÚ hf] ;GtfgnfO{ cÌ / ;Tsf/sf] /Ifs jf hgs xf] Tof]
…lktfÚ . …lkt'M lktf lktfdxM lktfdx:o lktf k|lktfdxMÚ hf] lktfsf] klg lktf xf], Tof] …lktfdxÚ / hf]
lktfdxsf] klg lktf xf], Tof] …k|lktfdxÚ . …of dfgolt ;f dftfÚ h;n] cÌ / ;Tsf/åf/f cfˆgf]
;Gtfgsf] dfGo ub{l5g\ pgL …dftfÚ . …of lkt'df{tf ;f lktfdxL, lktfdx:o r dftf k|lktfdxLÚ hf]
lktfsL dftf x'g\, pgL …lktfdxLÚ / h'g lktfdxsL dftf x'g\, pgL …k|lktfdxLÚ . cfˆgL :qL tyf
elugL, ;DaGwL / Ps uf]qsf cyf{t\ cGo s'g} eb| k'?if jf j[4 x'g\, tL ;a}nfO{ cToGt >4fn] pQd
cÌ, j:q, ;'Gb/–ofg cflb lbP/ /fd|f];Fu h'g t[Kt u/fpg' cyf{t\ h'g–h'g sd{n] pgLx¿sf] cfTdf
t[Kt / z/L/ :j:Yo /xG5, To;–To; sd{af6 k|Lltk"j{s ltgsf] ;]jf ug'{nfO{ …>f4Ú / …tk{0fÚ elgG5 .
rf}yf] j}Zjb]j— cyf{t\ ha ef]hg tof/ x'G5 ta h]–hlt ef]hgfy{ ag]sf] 5, To;df cldnf],
nj0ffÌ / Iff/nfO{ 5f]8]/ 3[t–ldi6o'Qm cÌ ln+b} r'nf]af6 clUg lnP/, lgDglnlvt dGqn] cfx'lt /
efu ug'{ .
j}Zjb]j:o l;4:o u[Xo]˜Ugf} ljlwk"j{sd\ . cfEoM s'øof{2]jtfEof] a|fXd0ff] xf]ddGjxd\ ..
—dg':d[lt -cWofo #÷Znf]s *$_ ..
h] kfszfnfdf ef]hgfy{ cÌ l;4 5, To;sf] lbJo u'0ffy{, p;} kfsflUgdf lgDglnlvt dGqn]
ljlwk"j{ xf]d lgTo u/f];\—
xf]dsf] dGq
cf]+ cUgo] :jfxf . ;f]dfo :jfxf . cUgLiff]dfEof+ :jfxf . ljZj]Eof] b]j]EoM :jfxf . wGjGt/o]
:jfxf . s'Ã} :jfxf . cg'dTo} :jfxf . k|hfkto] :jfxf . ;x Bfjfk[lyjLEof+ :jfxf . l:ji6s[t] :jfxf ..
—dg':d[lt -cWofo #÷Znf]s *%–*^_ sf] cfwf/df ..
Ps–Ps dGq k9]/ Ps–Ps cfx'lt b]cf];\ . efu cyf{t\ yfnLdf jf e"lddf k"jf{lb lbzfsf] cg'qmdn]
efu nufpg'—
cf]+ ;fg'ufo]Gb|fo gdM . ;fg'ufo odfo gdM . ;fg'ufo j?0ffo gdM . ;fg'ufo ;f]dfo gdM .
d?b\Eof] gdM . cb\Eof] gdM . jg:kltEof] gdM . l>o} gdM . e|bsfNo} gdM . a|Xdkto] gdM .
jf:t'kto] gdM . ljZj]Eof] b]j]Eof] gdM . lbjfr/]Eof] e"t]Eof] gdM . gQm~rfl/Eof] e"t]Eof] gdM .
;jf{Tde"to] gdM .. —dg':d[lt -cWofo #÷Znf]s *&–(!_ sf] cfwf/df ..
Ps–Ps dGqn] kGw| efu nufpg', k]ml/ nj0ffÌnfO{ e"lddf /fVg' .
z'gf+ r klttfgf+ r Zjkrf+ kfk/f]lu0ffd\ . jfo;fgf+ s[dL0ff+ r zgs}lg{j{k]b\e"lj ..
—dg':d[lt -cWofo #÷Znf]s (@_ ..
Ps s's'/, bf];|f] kfkL, t];|f] rf08fn, rf}yf] kfk /f]uL, kfFrf}+ sfu, 5}6f}+ s[dLsf] efu nufP/
s's'/ cflbnfO{ b]cf];\ / Tof] kGw| efunfO{ s'g} cltlynfO{ b]cf];\ cyjf Tolt j]nf cltly pkl:yt
gePdf t clUgdf /flvlbg' . of] dg':d[lt cflbsf] ljlw xf] . afFsL efG5f3/sf] jfo' z'4 / h'g
To;df cb[i6 hLjx¿sf] xTof x'G5, To;sf] k|To'ksf/ x'g hfG5 .
kfFrf}+ cltly;]jf— cltly–wfld{s, ;Tof]kb]zs, ;a}sf pksf/s k"0f{ ljåfg\, ;j{q ljr/0f
ug]{jfnf, ;+Gof;L cltly x'G5g\ . ltgsf] cf;g, vfg–kfg, gd|tflbn] ;Tsf/ u/]/, pg};Fu ;T;Ë
u/]/, ck"j{ ljBfnfO{ hfgf];\ . ;dosf] sf/0fn] u[x:y / /fhflb klg cltly x'g ;Sb5g\ . k/Gt'—
 kfv08L lt/:sf/ -$=(_
kfifl08gf] ljsd{:yfg\ j}8fnj[lQsfg\ z7fg\ . x}t'sfg\ asj[QL+Zr jfª\dfq]0fflk gfr{o]t\ ..
—dg':d[lt -cWofo $÷Znf]s #)_ ..
-kfif08L_ j]blgGbs, j]blj?4 cfr/0f ug]{ -ljsd{:y_ hf] j]blj?4 sd{sf] stf{,
ldYofefif0fflbo'Qm, h:t} la/fnf]n] n's]/ l:y/ x'Fb} tfSg], s'b\g], emlD6g] u/]/ d';f cflb k|f0fLnfO{ df/]/
cfˆgf] k]6 eb{5, To:tf hgx¿sf] gfd …j}8fnj[lQÚ, -z7_ cyf{t\ x7L, b'/fu|xL, cledfgL, cfk"mn]
hfGb}g c¿n] eg]sf] klg dfGb}g, -x}t's_ s'tsL{ Joy{ s/fpg] h:tf ls cfhef]lnsf j]bfGtL æxfdL
a|Xd xf}+ hut\ ldYof xf], j]bflb zf:q / O{Zj/ klg slNkt xf]Æ OToflb s'/f}6] -asj[lQ_ h:t} as'Nnf]
df5fsf] k|f0f lnP/ cfˆgf] k]6 eg{sf] nflu Wofgfjl:yt x'G5, To:t} jt{dfgsf h6fh"6 j}/fuL cflb
x'g\, ltgnfO{ jf0fLdfqn] klg ;Tsf/ gug'{ . lsgeg] logsf] ;Tsf/ ugf{n] a9]/ ;+;f/nfO{ cwd{o'Qm
u/fOlbG5g\ .
oL kfFr dxfo1sf] kmn— a|Xdo1 ugf{n] ljBf, lzIff, wd{ / ;Eotfsf] j[l4 x'G5 .
…clUgxf]qÚ n] jfo', j[li6, hnsf] z'l4 eP/ cf}iflwx¿ z'4 x'G5g\ . z'4 jfo'sf] Zjf;f:kz{,
vfg–kfgn] cf/f]Uo, a'l4, an, k/fqm a9]/ wdf{y{, sfd, df]Ifsf] cg'i7fg lglj{£gtfn] ;DkÌ x'G5 .
To;}n] o;nfO{ b]jo1 eGb5g\ . sf/0f o;n] jfo' cflb kbfy{nfO{ lbJo agfOlbG5 .
…lkt[o1Ú sf] kmn— ha p;n] dftf–lktf / 1fgLx¿sf] ;]jf ug]{5, ta To;sf] 1fg a9\g]5 .
To;af6 ;Tof;Tosf] lg0f{o u/]/ ;Tosf] u|x0f, c;Tosf] Tofu u/]/ ;'vL x'g]5 . bf];|f] s[t1tf cyf{t\
h:tf] ;]jf dftf–lktf / cfrfo{n] ;Gtfg / lzionfO{ u/], To;sf] abnf lbg' plrt g} xf] .
…alnj}Zjb]jÚ sf] klg kmn dfly g} eg]/ cfO;s]sf] 5', ToxL g} xf] .
ha;Dd pQd cltly hut\df x'Fb}gg\ ta;Dd pÌlt klg x'Fb}g . pgLx¿ ;a} b]zdf 3'd]/ /
;Tof]kb]z ugf{n] kfv08sf] j[l4 x'g kfpFb}g / ;j{q u[x:yx¿nfO{ ;xhl;t ;To lj1fgsf] k|flKt
e}/fVb5 / dg'iodfqdf Pp6} wd{ l:y/ /xG5 . lagf cltlysf] ;Gb]xlgj[lQ x'Fb}g . o;af6 g5'l6sg
b[9 lgZro klg x'Fb}g, lagf lgZrosf] ;'v sxfF <
laxfg p7]b]lvsf wd{sd{x¿ -$=!)_
a|fXd] d'x"Q]{ a'Wo]t wdf{yf}{ rfg'lrGto]t\ . sfoSn]zfFZr tGd"nfg\ j]btŒjfy{d]j r ..
—dg':d[lt -cWofo $÷Znf]s (@_ ..
rf}yf] k|x/ cyjf rf/ 38L /ft x'Fbf p7\g] . cfjZos sfo{ u/]/ wd{ / cy{, z/L/sf
/f]ux¿sf] lgbfg / k/dfTdfsf] Wofg ug]{ . slxNo} klg cwd{sf] cfr0f gug]{ . lsgeg]—
gfwd{Zrl/tf] nf]s] ;BM kmnlt uf}l/j . zg}/fjQ{dfg:t' sQ'{d"{nflg s[Gtlt ..
—dg':d[lt -cWofo $÷Znf]s !&@_ ..
ul/Psf] cwdf{r/0f lgikmn slxNo} klg x'Fb}g, k/Gt' h'g ;dodf cwd{ ub{5, Tolt j]n} kmn
klg x'Fb}g, To;}n] c1fgLx¿ cwdf{r/0fb]lv 8/fpFb}gg\ . k/Gt' lgZro hfg ls Tof] cwdf{r/0fn]
lj:tf/}–lj:tf/} ;'vsf] ltd|f] d"nnfO{ sfl6/fv]sf] x'G5 . o; qmdaf6—
cwd]{0f}wt] tfjQtf] eb|fl0f kZolt . ttM ;kTgf~holt ;d"n:t' t' ljgZolt ..
—dg':d[lt -cWofo $÷Znf]s !&$_ ..
ha dg'ion] wd{sf] dof{bfnfO{ 5f]8\b5— h;/L aGw ePsf] kf]v/Lsf] kfgLn] 3]l/Psf]
kvf{nnfO{ k'm6fP/ kfgL rf/}lt/af6 j]un] aflx/ lg:sG5, To;/L g} cwdf{Tdf klg ldYofefif0f, sk6,
kfv08 cyf{t\ /Iff ug]{ ePsf j]bx¿sf] v08g / ljZjf;3ftflb sd{n] k/fO{ kbfy{nfO{ lnP/ k|yd
a9\b5, kZrft\ wgflb P]Zjo{n] vfg, kfg, j:q, cfe"if0f, ofg, :yfg, dfg, k|lti7fnfO{ k|fKt ub{5,
cGofon] zq'nfO{ klg lhTb5, kZrft\ zL3| gi6 eP/ hfG5 . h;/L h/f] sfl6Psf] ¿v gi6 eP/
hfG5, To;/L g} cwdL{ gi6–e|i6 eP/ hfG5 . To;}n]—
;Towdf{o{j[Q]if' zf}r] r}jf/d]T;bf . lziofFZr lziof4d]{0f jfUafx"b/;+otM ..
—dg':d[lt -cWofo $÷Znf]s !&%_ ..
h'g j]bf]Qm …;To wd{Ú cyf{t\ kIfkft/lxt eP/ ;Tosf] u|x0f / c;Tosf] kl/Tofu Gofo¿k
j]bf]Qm wdf{lbÙ …cfo{Ú cyf{t\ pQd k'?ifx¿sf] u'0f, sd{, :jefjÙ / kljqtfn] g} ;bf /d0f u/f];\ .
jf0fL, afx", pb/ cflb cËux¿sf] ;+od cyf{t\ wd{df rnfpFb}, wd{n] lziox¿nfO{ lzIff b]cf];\ .
ClTjs\ k'/f]lxtfrføo}d { f{t'nfltly;+l>t}M . afnj[4ft'/}j}{B}1f{lt;DalGwafGwj}M ..!..
 Dfftflkt[Eof+ ofldlee|f{qf k'q]0f efo{of . b'lxqf bf;ju]{0f ljjfb+ g ;dfr/]t\ ..@..
—dg':d[lt -cWofo $÷Znf]s !&(–!*)_ ..
-ClTjs\_ o1 u/fpg]jfnf, -k'/f]lxt_ ;bf pQd rfnrngsf] lzIffstf{, -cfrfo{_ ljBf k|bfg
ug]{jfnf, -dft'n_ dfdf, -cltly_ cyf{t\ h;sf] s'g} hfg–cfpgsf] nflu lglZrt ltly 5}g, -;+l>t_
cfˆgf cfl>t, -afn_ afns, -j[4_ a"9f, -cft'/_ kLl8t, -j}B_ cfo'j]{bsf] 1ftf, -1flt_ :juf]q jf
:jj0f{:y, -;DaGwL_ ;f;", Zjz'/ cflb, -afGwj_ ldq ..!.. -dftf_ cfdf, -lktf_ a'af, -ofld_
lbbLalxgL, -e|ftf_ bfh'efO, -k'q_ 5f]/f, -efof{_ kTgL, -b'lxqf_ sGof / ;]jsx¿;Fu ljjfb cyf{t\
lj?4 e}m–emu8f slxNo} klg gu/f];\ ..@..
ctkf:TjgwLofgM k|ltu|x?lrlå{hM . cDe:oZdKnj]g]j ;x t]g}j dHhlt ..
—dg':d[lt -cWofo $÷Znf]s !()_ ..
Ps -ctkfM_ a|Xdro{ ;Toefif0fflb tk/lxt, bf];|f] -cgwLofgM_ cgk9, t];|f] -k|ltu|x?lrM_
cToGt wdf{y{ bf];|fb]lv bfg lng]jfnf, oL tLg} h:t} 9'Ëfsf] 8'Fufn] ;d'b| tg'{ a/fa/, cfˆgf] b'i6
sd{sf] ;fydf g} b'Mv–;fu/df 8'Ab5g\ . tL t 8'Ab5g\ g}, k/Gt' bftfx¿nfO{ klg ;fydf lnP/
8'afOlbG5g\ .
lqijKo]t]if' bQ+ lx ljlwgfKolh{t+ wgd\ . bft'e{jTogyf{o k/qfbft'/]j r ..
—dg':d[lt -cWofo $÷Znf]s !(#_ ..
h;n] wd{af6 k|fKt u/]sf] wg oL tLg}nfO{ lbG5, of] bfg–bftfsf] gfz o;} hGddf /
lng]jfnfsf] gfz k/hGddf ub{5 .
olb o:tf] eof] eg] s] x'G5—
oyf Knj]gf}kn]g lgdHhTo'bs] t/g\ . tyf lgdHhtf]˜w:tfb1f} bft[k|tLR5sf} ..
—dg':d[lt -cWofo $÷Znf]s !($_ ..
h;/L 9'Ëfsf] 8'Fufdf a;]/ hndf tg]{jfnf 8'Ab5, To:t} c1fgL bftf / u|xLtf b'O6} cwf]ult
cyf{t\ b'MvnfO{ k|fKt ub{5g\ .
kfv08Lsf] nIf0fx¿ -$=!!_
wd{WjhL ;bfn'AwZ5flßsf] nf]sbDesM . a}8fnj|ltsf] 1]of] lx+;|M ;jf{le;Gws ..!..
cwf]b[li6g}{is[ltsM :jfy{;fwgtTk/M . z7f] ldYofljgLtZr asj|tr/f] låhM ..@..
—dg':d[lt -cWofo $÷Znf]s !(%–!(^_ ..
-wd{WjhL_ wd{ s]xL klg gug]{, k/Gt' wd{sf] gfdn] dfG5]x¿nfO{ 7Ug], -;bfn'AwM_ ;j{bf nf]en]
o'Qm, -5flßsM_ sk6L, -nf]sbDesM_ ;+;f/L dfG5]x¿sf ;fd'Ì] cfˆgf] a8fOsf] l8Ë xfFSg], -lx+;|M_
k|f0fLx¿sf] 3ftsL, c¿;Fu j}/a'l4 /fVg]jfnf, -;jf{le;GwsM_ ;a} /fd|f]–g/fd|f]l;t klg d]n /fVg],
To;nfO{ a}8fn–j|lts cyf{t\ la/fnf] ;dfg w"t{ gLr ;Demg' ..!.. -cwf]b[li6M_ sLlt{sf] nflu tn b[li6
/fVg], -g}is[ltsM_ O{io{s s;}n] p;sf] k};f lnP/ ck/fw u/]sf] 5 eg] t To;sf] abnf lngsf] nflu
k|f0f;Dd lng tof/ x'g] . -:jfy{;fwgtTk/M_ rfx] sk6 cwd{ ljZjf;3ft lsg gxf];\, cfˆgf] k|of]hg
;fFWgdf rt'/, -z7M_ rfx] cfˆgf] s'/f] e'm6f] lsg gxf];\, k/Gt' x7 slxNo} g5f]8\g] -ldYofljgLtM_
e'm6–d'6 dflyaf6 zLn, ;Gtf]if / ;fw'tf b]vfpg], To;nfO{ -asj|tr/f] låhM_ as'Nnfsf] ;dfg gLr
;Demg' . o:tf–o:tf nIf0f ePsfx¿ kfv08L x'G5g\, logsf] ljZjf; jf ;]jf slxNo} klg gug'{ ..@..
u[x:y wd{sf] ljifo -$=!@_
wd{+ zg}M ;l~rg'ofb\ jNdLsldj k'lQsfM . k/nf]s;xfofy{{+ ;j{nf]sfGokL8og\ ..!..
gfd'q lx ;xfofy{+ lktf dftf r lti7tM . g k'qbf/+ g 1fltwd{l:ti7lt s]jnM ..@..
PsM k|hfot] hGt'/]s Pj k|nLot] . Psf] g' e'ª\St] ;'s[td]s Pj r b'is[td\ ..#..
—dg':d[lt -cWofo $÷Znf]s @#*–@$)_ ..
PsM kfkflg s'?t] kmn+ e'ª\St] dxfhgM . ef]Qmf/f] ljk|d'RoGt] sQf{ bf]if]0f lnKot] ..$..
—dxfef/t pBf]ukj{ -k|hfu/kj{ !÷cWofo ##÷Znf]s $!_ ..
d[t+ z/L/d'T;[Ho sfi7nf]i7;d+ lIftf} . ljd'vf afGwjf oflGt wd{:tdg'uR5lt ..%..
—dg':d[lt -cWofo $÷Znf]s @$!_ ..
:qL / k'?ifn] a'‰g'kb{5 ls h;/L k'lQsf cyf{t\ wld/f]n] b]jn agfpF5, To;} u/L ;a}
e"tx¿nfO{ kL8f glbOsg k/nf]s cyf{t\ k/hGdsf] ;'vfy{ lj:tf/}–lj:tf/} wd{sf] ;~ro u/f];\ ..!..
lsgeg] k/nf]sdf g dftf, g lktf, g k'q, g :qL, g 1fltn] ;xfotf ug{ ;Sb5g\, lsGt' Ps wd{ g}
;xfos x'G5 ..@.. x]/ Û PSn} hLj hGdG5, d/0fnfO{ k|fKt x'G5, PSn} wd{sf] kmn ;'v / cwd{sf]
b'Mv¿k kmnnfO{ ef]Ub5 ..#.. of] klg a'em ls s'6'Dadf Pp6f k'?ifn] kfk u/]/ kbfy{ NofpF5 /
dxfhg cyf{t\ ;a} s'6'Dan] To;nfO{ ef]Ub5g\, ef]Ug]x¿ bf]ifsf efuL x'Fb}gg\, lsGt' cwd{sf] stf{ g}
b'Mvsf] efuL x'G5 ..$.. ha s'g} s;}sf] ;DaGwL db{5, To;nfO{ sf7 jf df6fsf] 8Nnf]nfO{ e}+m e"lddf
5f]8]/, kL7 ksf{P/, aGw'ju{ ljd'v eP/ hfG5g\ . sf]xL klg p;sf] ;fydf hfFb}gg\, lsGt' Psdfq wd{
g} p;sf] ;ËL x'G5 ..%.. To;}n]—
t:df4d+{ ;xfofy{+ lgTo+ ;l~rg'ofR5g}M . wDd]{0f lx ;xfo]g td:t/lt b':t/d\ ..!..
wd{k|wfg+ k'?if+ tk;f xtlslNjifd\ . k/nf]s+ goTofz' ef:jGt+ vz/Ll/0fd\ ..@..
—dg':d[lt -cWofo $÷Znf]s @$@–@$#_ ..
To; x]t'n] k/nf]s, cyf{t\ k/d;'v / k/hGdsf] ;xfofy{ lgTo wd{sf] ;~ro lj:tf/}–lj:tf/}
ub}{ hfcf];\Ù lsgeg] wd{sf] g} ;xfotfn] 7"nf–7"nf b':t/ b'Mv;fu/af6 hLj tg{ ;Sb5 ..!.. lsGt'
h'g k'?ifn] wd{nfO{ g} k|wfg ;DemG5, h;sf] wd{sf] cg'i7fgn] st{Jo -Ö;Defljt_ kfk b"/ eP/ uP,
Tof] k|sfz:j¿k / cfsfz h;sf] z/L/jt\ 5, Tof] k/nf]s cyf{t\ k/dbz{gLo k/dfTdfnfO{ wd{n] g}
zL3| k|fKt u/fOlbG5 ..@.. o;}n]—
b[9sf/L d[b'bf{GtM q"m/frf/}/;+j;g\ . clx+;|f] bdbfgfEof+ ho]T:ju{+ tyfj|tM ..!..
jfRoyf{ lgotfM ;j]{ jfª\d"nf jflUjlgM;[tfM . tf+ t' oM :t]go]åfr+ ; ;j{:t]os[Ì/M ..@..
cfrf/fNnet] Xofo'/frf/fbLlK;tfM k|hfM . cfrf/f4gdIføodfrf/f] xGTonIf0fd\ ..#..
—dg':d[lt -cWofo $÷Znf]s @$^, @%^, !%^_ ..
;bf b[9sf/L, sf]dn–:jefj, lht]lGb|o, lx+;s–q"m/–b'i6frf/L k'?ifb]lv k[ys\ /xFg], wdf{Tdf,
dgnfO{ lht]/ / ljBflb bfgn] ;'vnfO{ k|fKt ub{5 ..!.. k/Gt' of] klg Vofn /fvf];\ ls h'g jf0fLdf
;a} cy{ cyf{t\ Jojxf/ lglZrt x'G5g\, Tof] jf0fL g} p;sf] d"n / ;a} Jojxf/ klg To;}af6 l;4
x'G5Ù h;n] o:tf] jf0fLnfO{ rf]b{5 cyf{t\ ldYofefif0fdf nufpF5, Tof] ;a} rf]/L cflb kfknfO{ ug]{jfnf
x'G5 ..@.. o;}n] ldYofefif0fflb¿k cwd{nfO{ 5f]8]/, h'g wdf{rf/ cyf{t\ a|Xdro{, lht]lGb|otfn] k"0f{
cfo', / wdf{rf/n] pQd k|hfÙ wdf{rf/af6} cIfo wgnfO{ k|fKt ub{5 tyf h'g wdf{rf/n] b'i6–
nIf0fx¿nfO{ gfz ub{5, To; cfr/0fnfO{ ;bf ug]{ u/ ..#.. lsgeg]—
b'/frf/f] lx k'?iff] nf]s] ejlt lglGbtM . b'MvefuL r ;tt+ Joflwtf]˜Nkfo'/]j r ..!..
—dg':d[lt -cWofo $÷Znf]s !%&_ ..
hf] b'i6frf/L k'?if x'G5, Tof] ;+;f/df ;Hhgx¿sf] dfemdf lgGbfnfO{ k|fKt, lg/Gt/ b'MvnfO{
ef]Ug] / cg]s k|sf/sf] /f]un] u|:t eP/ cNkfo'd} zL3| gi6–e|i6 eP/ hfG5 . To;}n] o:tf] k|oTg
u/f];\—
oBTk/jz+ sd{ tQBTg]g jh{o]t\ . oBbfTdjz+ t' :oft\ tQT;]j]t oTgtM ..!..
;j{+ k/jz+ b'Mv+ ;j{dfTdjz+ ;'vd\ . PtlåBfT;df;]g nIf0f+ ;'vb'Mvof]M ..@..
—dg':d[lt -cWofo $÷Znf]s !%(, !^)_ ..
h'g–h'g k/fwLg sd{ 5g\, ltg–ltgsf] k|oTgn] TofuÙ / h'g–h'g :jfwLg sd{ 5g\, To;–
To;sf] k|oTgn] ;]jg u/f];\ ..!.. lsgeg] h'g–h'g k/fwLgtf xf], Tof]–Tof] ;a} b'Mv / h'g–h'g
:jfwLgtf xf], Tof]–Tof] ;a} ;'vÙ oxL ;+If]kn] ;'v / b'Mvsf] nIf0f hfÌ'kb{5 ..@..
k/Gt' h'g Ps–bf];|fsf] cfwLg sfd xf], To;–To;nfO{ cfwLgtfaf6 g} ug'{kb{5, h:t} ls :qL
/ k'?if Ps–bf];|fsf] cfwLg Jojxf/ cyf{t\ :qL k'?ifsf] / k'?if :qLsf] lk|ofrf/L, cg's"n /xg',
Jolerf/ jf lj/f]w slxNo} klg gug'{ . k'?ifsf] cf1fg's"n 3/sf] sfddf :qL / aflx/sf] sfdsf] nflu
k'?ifsf] cfwLg /xg' . b'i6 Jo;gdf km:gb]lv Ps–csf{nfO{ /f]Sg'kb{5, cyf{t\ oxL lgZro hfÌ' . ha
ljjfx x'G5 ta :qLsf] xftdf k'?if / k'?ifsf] xftdf :qL lals;s]sf x'G5g\, cyf{t\ :qL / k'?ifsf]
;fy xfj, efj, af]nL–jrg, gvlzvfko{Gt h];'s} x'G5, Tof] jLof{lb Ps–bf];|fsf] cfwLgdf x'g hfG5 .
:qL / k'?ifsf] k|;Ìtfsf] lagf s'g} klg Jojxf/ gul/of];\ . logdf h'g 7"nf] clk|osf/s Jolerf/,
j]Zof–k/k'?ifudgflb sfd xf], ltgnfO{ b'O6} :qL–k'?ifn] 5f]l8lbg'kb{5, b'O6}n] o;nfO{ 5f]8]/, cfˆgf]
nf]Ug];Fu :jf:gL / :jf:gL;Fu nf]Ug] ;bf k|;Ì /xg] ug'{kb{5 . :qLsf] k"hgLo b]j klt x'G5 / k'?ifsf]
k"hgLo b]jL cyf{t\ ;Tsf/ ug{of]Uo b]jL :qL x'G5] .
 hf] a|fXd0fj0f{:y 5, To;n] s]6fx¿nfO{ k9fcf];\ tyf ;'lzIff u/f];\ tyf s]6Lx¿nfO{ :qLn]
k9fcf];\ . gfgfljw pkb]z / jSt[Tj k|bfg u/]/ ltgLx¿nfO{ ljåfg\ agfcf];\ . ha;Dd u'?s'ndf
/xG5g\, ta;Dd dftf–lktfs} ;dfg cWofksx¿nfO{ ;lDemg' / cWofksx¿n] klg cfˆg} ;Gtfg
;/x ;Demg'kb{5 .
kl08tsf] nIf0fx¿ -$=!#_
lzIff–bLIff lbg] cWofks / cWoflksf s:tf vfnsf x'g'kb{5—
cfTd1fg+ ;df/Del:tltIff wd{lgTotf . odyf{ gfksif{lGt ; j} kl08t pRot] ..!..
lgif]jt] k|z:tflg lglGbtflg g ;]jt] . cgfl:tsM >2wfg PtTkl08tnIf0fd\ ..@..
lIfk|+ ljhfgflt lr/+ ˘f[0ff]lt, lj1fo rfy{+ eht] g sfdft\ .
gf;Dk[i6f] Xo'ko'ª\Q]m k/fy]{, tTk|1fg+ k|yd+ kl08t:o ..#..
gfk|fKodlejf~5lGt gi6+ g]R5lGt zf]lrt'd\ . cfkT;' r g d'XolGt g/fM kl08ta'4oM ..$..
k|j[Qjfs\ lrqsy pmxjfg\ k|ltefgjfg\ . cfz' u|Gy:o jQmf r oM ; kl08t pRot] ..%..
>'t+ k|1fg'u+ o:o k|1f r}j >'tfg'uf . c;+leÌfo{dof{bM kl08tfVof+ ne]t ;M ..^..
—oL ;a} dxfef/t pBf]ukj{ ljb'/k|hfu/ -cWofo ##_ sf] Znf]sx¿ x'g\ ..
cy{— h;sf] cfTd1fgÙ ;Dos\ cf/De cyf{t\ hf] lgsDdf cN5L slxNo} g/xf];\Ù ;'v, b'Mv,
xflg, nfe, dfgfkdfg, lgGbf, :t'ltdf xif{, zf]s slxNo} klg gu/f];\Ù wd{df g} lgTo lglZrt /xf];\Ù
h;sf] dgnfO{ pQd–pQd kbfy{ cyf{t\ ljifo–;DaGwL j:t'n] cfsif{0f ug{ g;sf];\, To;}nfO{ kl08t
eGb5g\ ..!.. p;sf] sQ{JofsQ{Jo sd{— ;bf wd{o'Qm sd{sf] ;]jgÙ cwd{o'Qm sd{sf] TofuÙ O{Zj/,
j]b, ;Tofrf/sf] lgGbf gug]{Ù O{Zj/ cflbdf cToGt >4fn' xf];\Ù oxL kl08tx¿sf] sQ{JofsQ{Jo sd{
xf] ..@.. Tof] s:tf] x'g'kb{5— sl7g ljifonfO{ klg zL3| hfÌ;Sg]Ù w]/}sfn;Dd zf:qx¿nfO{ k9f];\,
;'gf];\ / ljrf/ u/f];\Ù h]–hlt hfGb5 To;nfO{ k/f]ksf/df k|o'Qm u/f];\, cfˆgf] :jfy{sf] nflu s'g}
sfd gu/f];\, lagf ;f]w] jf of]Uo ;dosf] lagf hfg] csf{sf] cy{df ;Ddlt glbg'Ù ToxL k|yd k|1fg
kl08tdf x'g'kb{5 ..#.. Tof] s:tf] xf];\— h'g k|flKtsf] cof]Uosf] OR5f slxNo} gu/f];Ù gi6 ePsf]
kbfy{dfly slxNo} zf]s gu/f];\Ù cfkTsfndf df]xdf k|fKt gxf];\ cyf{t\ Jofs'n gxf];\, ToxL g}
a'l4dfg\ kl08t xf] ..$.. p;sf] /Llt s:tf] xf];\— h;sf] jf0fL ;a} ljBfx¿df / k|Zgf]Q/ ug{df
cltlgk'0fÙ ljlrq zf:qsf k|s/0fx¿sf] s'zn jQmfÙ oyfof]Uo ts{ / :d[ltdfg\Ù u|Gyx¿sf] oyfy{
cy{sf] zL3| jQmf 5 eg] To;}nfO{ kl08t eGb5g\ ..%.. h;sf] k|1f ;'g]sf ;To cy{sf] cg's"n /
h;sf] >j0f a'l4sf] cg';f/ x'G5Ù h;n] slxNo} klg cfo{ cyf{t\ >]i7 wfld{s k'?ifx¿sf] dof{bfsf]
5]bg ub}{g, To;}n] kl08t;+1f k|fKt ub{5 ..^.. hxfF o:tf–o:tf ;Hhg :qL–k'?if cWoog–cWofkg
u/fpg]jfnfx¿ x'G5g\, ToxfF ljBf, wd{ / pQdfrf/sf] j[l4 eP/ k|ltlbg cfgGb a9\b} hfG5 .
d"v{sf] nIf0fx¿ -$=!$_
k9fpgdf cof]Uo / d"v{sf] nIf0fx¿—
c>'tZr ;d'Ì4f] bl/b|Zr dxfdgfM . cyf{+Zrf˜sd{0ff k|]K;'d"{9 OTo'Rot] a'w}M ..!..
cgfx"tM k|ljzlt Xok[i6f] ax' efift] . cljZj:t] ljZjl;lt d"9r]tf g/fwdM ..@..
—oL Znf]s klg dxfef/t pBf]ukj{ ljb'/k|hfu/ -cWofo ##_ s} x'g\ ..
cy{— h;n] s'g} zf:q k9]sf] 5}g, ;'g]sf] 5}gÙ / ctLj 3d08L, bl/b| x'Fbf klg 7"nf]–7"nf]
dgf]/y /fVg]Ù lagf sd{n] kbfy{x¿sf] k|flKtsf] OR5f ug]{, To;nfO{ a'l4dfgLx¿n] …d"9Ú eGb5g\ ..!..
gaf]nfOsg ;efdf jf s;}sf] 3/df k|lji6 ug]{, pRrf;gdf a:g rfxg], lagf ;f]w] ;efdf a8\a8\
ug]{Ù ljZjf;sf] cof]Uo j:t' jf dg'iodf ljZjf; ug]{, ToxL …d"9Ú / ;a} dg'iodf …gLrÚ dg'io
ulgG5 ..@.. hxfF o:tf k'?if, cWofks, pkb]zs, u'? / dfggLo x'G5g\, ToxfF cljBf, cwd{, c;Eotf,
snx, lj/f]w / k'm6 a9]/ b'Mv g} a9\b5 .
ljBfyL{sf sd{sf] j0f{g -$=!%_
ca ljBfyL{x¿sf] nIf0f—
cfn:o+ dbdf]xf} r rfkn+ uf]li7/]j r . :tAwtf rfledflgTj+ tyf˜TofluTjd]j r .
Pt] j} ;Kt bf]iffM :o'M ;bf ljBfly{gf+ dtfM ..!..
;'vfly{gM s'tf] ljBf gfl:t ljBfly{gM ;'vd\ . ;'vfyL{ of Toh]låBf+ ljBfyL{ jf Toh]T;'vd\ ..@..
 —oL Znf]s klg dxfef/t pBf]ukj{ ljb'/k|hfu/ -cWofo$)_ s} x'g\ ..
-cfn:o_ z/L/ / a'l4df h8tfÙ gzf–df]xÖs'g} j:t'df km:g'Ù rkntfÙ otf–ptfsf] Joy{ syf
ug'{–;'gfpg'Ù k9\bf–k9\b} /f]lsg'Ù cledfgLÙ cToflu x'gÙ' oL ;ft bf]if ljBfyL{x¿df x'G5g\ ..!.. hf]
o:tf x'G5g\ ltgnfO{ ljBf slxNo} klg cfpFb}g . ;'v ef]Ug] OR5f ug]{nfO{ ljBf sxfF < / ljBf
k9\g]nfO{ ;'v sxfF < lsgeg] ljifo;'vfyL{n] ljBfnfO{ / ljBfyL{n] ljifo;'vnfO{ 5f]l8b]cf];\ ..@.. o:tf]
gul/sg ljBf slxNo} klg k|fKt ug{ ;ls+b}g . ;fy} o:tfx¿nfO{ ljBf k|fKt x'G5—
;To] /tfgf+ ;tt+ bfGtfgfd"Wj{/]t;fd\ . a|Xdro{+ bx]b|fhg\ ;j{kfkfGo'kfl;td\ ..
—dxfef/t cg'zf;g kj{ -cWofo &%÷Znf]s #*_ ..
hf] ;bf ;Tofrf/df k|j[Q, lht]lGb|o / h;sf] jLo{ cwM:vlnt slxNo} x'Fb}g, ltg}sf] a|Xdro{
;fFrf] / ltg} ljåfg\ x'G5g\ .. o;}n] z'enIf0fo'Qm cWofks / ljBfyL{x¿ x'g'kb{5 . cWofksx¿n]
o:tf] oTg u/f];\, h;af6 ljBfyL{x¿ ;TojfbL, ;TodfgL, ;Tosf/L, ;Eo, lht]lGb|o, ;'zLntflb
z'eu'0fo'Qm, z/L/ / cfTdfsf] k"0f{ annfO{ a9fP/ ;du| j]bflb zf:qx¿df ljåfg\ ag"g\, ;bf ltgsf]
s'r]i6fnfO{ 5f]8fpg] / ljBf k9fpgdf r]i6f ug]{ / ljBfyL{x¿n] klg ;bf lht]lGb|o, zfGt, k9\gdf
k|]dL, ljrf/zLn, kl/>dL eP/ o:tf] k'?iffy{ u/f];\, h;af6 k"0f{ ljBf, k"0f{ cfo', k"0f{ wdf{Tdf /
k'?iffy{ ug{ hfgf];\, OToflb a|fXd0f–j0f{sf] sfd xf] .
Iflqosf] sd{sf] af/]df /fhwd{df n]lvg]5 .
hf] j}Zo 5g\, ltgLx¿ a|Xdrof{lbn] j]bflb ljBf k9\g], ljjfx ug]{, gfgf b]zx¿sf] efiff, gfgf
k|sf/sf] Jofkf/sf] /Llt, ltgsf] b/–efj, lsÌ'–a]Rg', åLkåLkfGt/x¿df nfefy{ hfg'–cfpg', nfefy{
sfdsf] cf/De ug'{, kz'kfng / v]tLsf] pÌlt rt'/fO{af6 ug'{–u/fpg', wgnfO{ a9fpg', ljBf /
wd{sf] pÌltdf Joo ug'{, ;TojfbL, lgisk6L eP/ ;Totfn] ;a} Jofkf/ ug'{, ;a} j:t'x¿sf] /Iff
o;/L ug]{ ls, h;af6 s]xL gi6 x'g gkfcf];\ .
z"b| ;a} ;]jfx¿df rt'/, kfsljBfdf lgk'0f, cltk|]dn] låhx¿sf] ;]jf / pg}af6 cfˆgf]
pkhLljsf ug'{, / låhx¿ logsf] vfg, kfg, j:q, :yfg, ljjfxflbdf h]–hlt Joo x'G5, ;a} yf]s
lbg', cyjf dfl;s s/ lbg' . rf/} j0f{ k/:k/ k|Llt, pksf/, ;Hhgtf, ;'v, b'Mv, xflg, nfedf
P]sdTo /x]/ /fHo / k|hfsf] pÌltdf tg, dg, wg Joo ub}{/fvf];\ .
k'glj{jfx Pj+ lgof]usf] ljifo -$=!^_
:qL / k'?ifsf] ljof]u slxNo} klg x'g'x'Fb}g . lsgeg]—
kfg+ b'h{g;+;u{M kTof r lj/xf]˜6gd\ . :jKgf]˜Gou]xjf;Zr gf/L;Gb"if0fflg if6\ ..
—dg':d[lt -cWofo (÷Znf]s !#_ ..
dB, efË cflb dfbs b|Jox¿ lkpg'Ù b'i6 k'?ifx¿sf] ;ËÙ klt;Fu ljof]u, PSn} htftt} Joy{
kfv08L cflbsf] bz{gn] lkmb}{ lx+8\g' / k/fO{ 3/df zog jf jf; ug'{Ù oL 5M s'/fx¿ :qLnfO{ b"lift
u/fpg] b'u'{0fx¿ x'g\, / log} b'u'{0f k'?ifx¿sf] nflu klg xf] . klt / :qLsf] ljof]u b'O{ k|sf/af6
x'G5— sxL+ sfof{y{ b]zfGt/df hfg' / bf];|f] d[To'af6 x'g] ljof]u . logdf k|ydsf] pkfo oxL xf] ls b"/
b]zdf ofqfy{ hfFbfv]l/ :qLnfO{ klg ;fydf n}hfg] . o;sf] k|of]hg of] xf] ls w]/} sfn;Dd ljof]u x'g
gk/f];\ .
k|Zg— :qL / k'?ifsf] ax'ljjfx x'g' /fd|f] xf] ls xf]Og <
pQ/— o'ukt\ g cyf{t\ Ps ;dodf xf]Og .
k|Zg— s] ;dofGt/df cg]s ljjfx klg x'g'kb{5 <
pQ/— x'g'kb{5, h:t}—
of :qL TjIftof]lgM:ofb\ utk|Tofutflk jf . kf}ge{j]g eqf{ ;f k'gM ;+:sf/dx{lt ..
—dg':d[lt -cWofo (÷Znf]s !&^_ ..
h'g :qL jf k'?ifsf] kfl0fu|x0fdfq ;+:sf/ ePsf] 5 / ;+of]u -gePsf]_ cyf{t\ cIftof]lg :qL,
cIftjLo{ k'?if 5 eg] t, To; :qL jf k'?ifsf] cGo :qL jf k'?if;Fu k'glj{jfx x'g'kb{5 . k]ml/
z"b|j0f{df klg rfx] h:tf];'s} xf];\ k'glj{jfx x'g ;Sb5 . lsGt' a|fXd0f, Iflqo, j}Zo j0f{df Iftof]lg
:qL, IftjLo{ k'?ifsf] k'glj{jfx x'g'x'Fb}g .
k|Zg— k'glj{jfxdf s] bf]if 5 <
 pQ/— -klxnf]_ :qL k'?ifdf k|]d Go"g x'G5 . lsgeg] ha rfxG5g\ ta k'?ifn] :qL / :qLn]
k'?if 5f]8]/ cs}{;Fu ;DaGw ufF:b5g\ .
-bf];|f]_ ha :qL jf k'?if, klt -jf :qLsf]_ d/]kl5 bf];|f] ljjfx ug{ rfx]df, ta k"j{ kltsf] jf
k|yd :qLsf] kbfy{nfO{ p8fP/ n}hfg' jf d]6fOlbg' /fd|f] dfGb5g\ / pgsf] s'6'Da tL ;Fu emu8f
ug]{5g\ .
-t];|f]_ y'k|} eb|s'nsf] gfd jf lr klg g/x]/, p;sf] kbfy{ l5Ì–leÌ x'g hfG5 .
-Rff}yf]_ kfltj|To / :qLj|t wd{ gi6 x'g', OToflb bf]ifx¿sf] cy{ låhx¿df k'glj{jfx jf cg]s
ljjfx slxNo} klg ug'{x'Fb}g .
k|Zg— ha j+zR5]bg x'g hfG5, ta klg p;sf] s'n gi6 x'g hfG5 / :qL k'?ifn]
Jolerf/flb sd{ u/]/ ue{kftfgflb y'k|} b'i6 sd{ ug]{5g\, To;}n] k'glj{jfx ug{ /fd|f] x'G5 .
pQ/— /fd|f] x'Fb}g, lsgeg] h'g :qL k'?if a|Xdro{df l:yt /xg rfxG5g\ eg] t s'g} klg
pkb|j x'g]5}g . k]ml/ h;n] s'nsf] k/Dk/f /fVgsf] nflu s'g} cfˆgf] :jhfltsf] aRrf sfv -uf]b_
lng]5g\, To;af6 s'n klg rNg]5 / Jolerf/ klg x'g]5}g, / h;n] a|Xdro{df /xg ;Sb}g eg]
lgof]u u/]/ ;Gtfgf]TklQ u/fpg ;Sb5g\ .
k|Zg— k'glj{jfx / lgof]udf s] cGt/ 5 <
pQ/— -klxnf]_ h;/L ljjfx ubf{df sGofn] cfˆgf] lktfsf] 3/nfO{ 5f8]/ kltsf] 3/df hfG5]
/ lktf;Fu ljz]if ;DaGw /xFb}g, / ljwjf :qL p;} ljjflxt kltsf] 3/df /xG5] .
-bf];|f]_ To;} ljjflxt :qLsf 5f]/fx¿ To;} ljjflxt kltsf ;DklQsf] c+za08fdf clwsf/L
x'G5g\ . k]ml/ ljwjf :qLsf 5f]/f jLo{bftfsf gfdn] lrlgb}gg\, g t To;sf] uf]qsf g} x'G5g\, g t
To;sf] :jTj tL s]6fx¿df g} x'G5, lsGt' ltgLx¿ d[tkltsf] gfdn] lrlgG5g\, p;}sf] uf]qsf x'G5g\,
/ p;}sf] kbfy{sf] clwsf/L eP/ p;}sf] 3/df /xG5g\ .
-t];|f]_ ljjflxt :qL–k'?ifn] k/:k/ ;]jf / kfng ug{ cfjZos 5, / lgo'Qm :qL–k'?ifsf] s'g}
klg ;DaGw /xFb}g .
-Rff}yf]_ ljjflxt :qL–k'?ifsf] ;DaGw d/0fko{Gt /xG5 eg] lgo'Qm :qL–k'?ifsf] ;DaGw
sfo{l;l4sf] kZrft\ 6'6\b5 .
-kfFrf}+_ ljjflxt :qL–k'?if cfk;df u[xsf] sfo{sf] l;l4 ug{sf] nflu oTg ub{5g\ eg] lgo'Qm
:qL–k'?if cfˆgf]–cfˆgf] 3/sf] sfd ug]{ ub{5g\ .
k|Zg— ljjfx / lgof]usf] lgod Pp6} xf] ls k[ys\–k[ys\ <
pQ/— s]xL yf]/} dfq e]b 5, hlt k"j{df eg]/ cfPF / bf];|f] of] xf] ls :qL–k'?if Ps klt /
Pp6} :qL ldn]/ bz ;Gtfg;Dd pTkÌ ug{ ;Sb5g\, / lgo'Qm :qL–k'?if b'O{ jf rf/ eGbf clws
;Gtfgf]TklQ ug{ ;Sb}gg\ . cyf{t\ h:tf] s'df/–s'df/Lsf] ljjfx x'G5, To:t} h;sL :qL jf k'?if db{5,
ltg}sf] lgof]u x'G5, s'df/–s'df/Lsf] xf]Og . h;/L ljjflxt :qL–k'?if ;bf ;Ëdf g} /xG5g\, To:tf]
lgo'Qm :qL–k'?ifsf] Jojxf/ x'Fb}g, lsGt' lagf Ct'bfgsf] ;do Psq x'g'x'Fb}g . h'g :qLn] cfˆgf] nflu
lgof]u ub{5] eg] ha bf];|f] ue{ /xG5, To;} lbgaf6 :qL–k'?ifsf] ;DaGw 5'6\b5 . ;fy} h'g k'?ifn]
cfˆgf] nflu lgof]u ub{5 eg] bf];|f] ue{ /x]kl5 ;DaGw 5'6\b5 . k/Gt' ToxL lgo'Qm :qLn] b'O{–tLg
jif{ ko{Gt tL aRrfnfO{ kfn]/ lgo'Qm k'?ifnfO{ ;'lDklbof];\ . o;/L Ps ljwjf :qLn] b'O6f cfˆgf]
nflu / b'O{–b'O6f cGo–cGo rf/ lgo'Qm k'?ifx¿sf] nflu ;Gtfg kfpg ;Sb5], / Ps d[ts:qL–
k'?ifn] klg b'O{ cfˆgf] nflu / b'O{–b'O6f cGo–cGo rf/ ljwjfx¿sf] nflu k'q pTkÌ ug{ ;Sb5 .
o;/L ldnfP/ bz–bz ;Gtfgf]TklQsf] cf1f j]bdf klg 5 . h:t}—
#/ma< Tvim?NÔ mIF!v> supu/Ça< su/-g<a? k&[u , dza?Sya< pu/Çana xe?ih/ pit?mekad/z< k&?ix .
—CUj]b -d08n !)÷;"Qm *%÷dGq $%_ ..
x] -ld9\j, OGb|_ jLo{–;]rgdf ;dy{ P]Zjo{o'Qm k'?if Û tF o; ljjflxt :qL jf ljwjf :qLx¿sf]
nflu >]i7k'q / ;f}efUoo'Qm agf . o; ljjflxt :qLdf bz k'q pTkÌ u/]/ P3f/f}+ :qLnfO{ dfg\ .. x]
:qL Û t}+n] klg ljjflxt k'?if jf lgo'Qm k'?ifx¿af6 bz ;Gtfg pTkÌ u/]/ P3f/f}+ kltnfO{ dfg\ .
o; j]bsf] cf1fn] a|fXd0f, Iflqo / j}Zoj0f{:y :qL / k'?if bz–bz ;Gtfg eGbf clws pTkÌ
gu¿g\ . lsgeg] clws hGdfpgfn] ;Gtfg lga{n, lga'{l4, cNkfo' x'G5g\ / :qL tyf k'?if klg lga{n,
cNkfo' / /f]uL eP/ j[4fj:yfdf w]/} b'Mv kfpF5g\ .
 k|Zg— of] lgof]usf] s'/f] t Jolerf/ h:tf] b]lvG5 lg <
pQ/— h:t} lagf ljjflxtx¿sf] Jolerf/ dflgG5, To:t} lagf lgo'Qmx¿sf] klg Jolerf/
dflgG5 . o;af6 oxL l;4 x'G5 ls h:tf] lgod;Fu ljjfx ePkl5 Jolerf/ dflgb}g, To:t}
lgodk"j{s lgof]u ugf{n] Jolerf/ dflgb}g . h;/L— csf{sL 5f]/L / csf{sf] 5f]/fsf] zf:qf]Qm ljlwn]
ljjfxk"j{s ;dfuddf Jolerf/ jf kfk, nHhf, zd{ x'Fb}g, To;/L g} j]bzf:qf]Qm lgof]udf Jolerf/,
kfk, nHhf, zd{ dfÌ x'Fb}g .
k|Zg— 7Ls t xf], t/ of] j]Zofsf] h:t} sd{ b]lvG5 .
pQ/— xf]Og, lsgeg] j]Zofsf] ;dfuddf s'g} lglZrt k'?if jf lgod nfu' x'Fb}g, / lgof]udf
ljjfxs} ;dfg lgod nfu' x'G5 . h;/L cs}{nfO{ 5f]/L lbOG5, cs}{;Fu ;dfud ug{df ljjfxk"j{s
nHhf zd{ x'Fb}g, To;/L g} lgof]udf klg x'g'x'Fb}g . s] h'g Jolerf/L k'?if jf :qL x'G5g\, ltgLx¿
ljjfx ePkl5 klg s'sd{ ug{af6 aRb5g\ <
k|Zg— dnfO{ t lgof]usf] s'/fdf kfk b]lvg]h:tf] nfUb}5 .
pQ/— olb lgof]usf] s'/fdf kfk b]Vb5f} eg] t ljjfxsf] s'/fdf klg kfk lsg b]Vb}gf} < kfk
t lgof]unfO{ /f]Sgdf 5 . lsgeg] O{Zj/sf] ;[li6qmdfg's"n :qL–k'?ifsf] :jfefljs Jojxf/ /f]lsg
;Sb}g, l;jfo j}/fUojfg\, k"0f{ ljåfg\ of]uLx¿ afx]s . s] ue{ktg¿k e|"0fxTof / ljwjf :qL / d[ts
:qL–k'?ifsf] dxf;GtfknfO{ kfkdf uGb}gf} < lsgeg] ha;Dd o'jfj:yfdf x'G5g\, dgdf ;Gtfgf]TklQ
/ ljifosf] rfxgf x'g]x¿n] s'g} /fHoJojxf/ jf hflt–Jojxf/n] /f]sfj6 u/] klg u'Kt–u'Kt s'sd{
g/fd|f] tl/sf;Fu ul//fv]sf x'G5g\ . o:tf] Jolerf/ / s'sd{nfO{ /f]Sg] oxL Pp6f >]i7 pkfo xf] ls
h;af6 lht]lGb|o /xg ;s"g\, ltgn] ljjfx jf lgof]u gu/] t 7Ls} xf] . k/Gt' hf] o:tf 5}gg\, ltgsf]
nflu ljjfx / cfkTsfndf lgof]u cjZo x'g'kb{5 . o;af6 Jolerf/ Go"g x'g hfG5, k|]dn] pQd
;Gtfg eP/ dg'iosf] j[l4 x'g ;Dej 5, / ue{xTof ;j{yf 5'6]/ hfg]5 . gLr k'?ifx¿af6 pQd :qL
/ j]Zoflb gLr :qLx¿af6 pQd k'?ifx¿sf] Jolerf/¿k s'sd{, pQd s'ndf snÍ, j+zsf] pR5]b,
:qL–k'?ifx¿sf] ;Gtfk / ue{xToflb s'sd{ ljjfx / lgof]un] lgj[Q x'G5g\, To;}n] lgof]u ug'{ /fd|f]
xf] .
k|Zg— lgof]udf s]–s] s'/f x'g'kb{5 <
pQ/— h;/L k|l;l4n] ljjfx, To;/L g} k|l;l4n] lgof]u . h;/L ljjfxdf eb| k'?ifx¿sf]
cg'dlt / sGof j/sf] k|;Ìtf x'G5, To:t} lgof]udf klg . cyf{t\ ha :qL–k'?ifsf] lgof]u ug'{ 5 ta
cfˆgf s'6'Dadf k'?if–:qLx¿sf] ;fd'Ì] eg"g\ ls xfdL b'O{n] lgof]u ;Gtfgf]TklQsf] nflu ub{}5f}+ . ha
lgof]usf] lgod k"/f x'g]5, ta xfdLn] ;+of]u ug]{5}gf}+ . olb cGoyf u¥of}+ eg] t kfkL / hflt jf
/fHosf] b08gLo x'g]5f}+ . dlxgf–dlxgfdf Psk6s uef{wfgsf] sd{ ug]{5f}+, ue{ /x] kZrft\ Ps jif{
lbg;Dd k[ys\ /xg]5f}+ .
k|Zg— lgof]u cfˆgf] j0f{df x'g'kb{5 ls, jf cGo j0f{:ysf] ;fydf klg <
pQ/— cfˆgf] j0f{df jf cfˆgf] eGbf pQdj0f{:y k'?ifsf] ;fydf . cyf{t\ j}Zof :qLn] j}Zo,
Iflqo / a|fXd0fsf] ;fydf, Iflqof Iflqo / a|fXd0fsf] ;fydf, a|fXd0fL a|fXd0fsf] ;fydf lgof]u ug{
;Sb5] . o;sf] tfTko{ oxL xf] ls jLo{ ;d jf pQd j0f{sf] x'g'kb{5, cfk"m eGbf tNnf] j0f{sf] xf]Og .
:qL / k'?ifsf] ;[li6sf] oxL k|of]hg xf] ls wd{n] cyf{t\ j]bf]Qm /Lltn] ljjfx jf lgof]uaf6
;Gtfgf]TklQ ug'{ .
k|Zg— k'?ifn] lgof]u ug{ s] cfjZostf 5, lsgeg] p;n] bf];|f] ljjfx ug]{5 <
pQ/— d}n] n]lv;s]sf] 5', låhx¿df :qL / k'?ifsf] Ps k6s dfq} ljjfx x'g' j]bflb
zf:qx¿df n]lvPsf] 5, låtLo k6s xf]Og . s'df/ / s'df/Lsf] ljjfx x'g'df Gofo / ljwjf :qL;Fu
s'df/ k'?if / s'df/L :qL;Fu d[ts :qL k'?ifsf] ljjfx x'gdf cGofo cyf{t\ cwd{ xf] . h;/L ljwjf
:qL;Fu k'?ifsf] ljjfx ul/+b}g, To;/L g} ljjfx / :qL;Fu ;dfud ul/;s]sf] k'?if;Fu ljjfx ug{
s'df/Ln] klg OR5f ulb{g . ha ljjfx ul/;s]sf] k'?if;Fu s'g} s'df/L sGof / ljwjf :qLsf] u|x0f
s'g} s'df/ k'?ifn] klg ug]{5}g, ta k'?if / :qLnfO{ lgof]u ug'{kg]{ cfjZostf x'g]5 / oxL wd{ xf] ls
h:tfnfO{ To:t};Fu g} ;DaGw x'g'kb{5 .
k|Zg— h;/L ljjfxdf j]bflb–zf:qx¿sf] k|df0f 5, To;/L g} lgof]udf k|df0f 5 ls 5}g <
pQ/— o; ljifodf y'k|} k|df0f 5g\, x]/ / ;'g—
 kuh? iSvÎ/ae;a kuh/ vStae?r/iñna/ kuha?i-ip/Tv< k?rt/> kuhae?;tu> ,

kae v<a? zyu/Ça iv/xve?v de/vr</ mYyR</ n yae;a? k&[ute s/xSw/ Aa .1.
—CUj]b -d08n !)÷;"Qm $)÷dGq @_ ..
%dI?:vR nayR/i- jI?vl/aek< g/tasu?/me/tmup? ze;/ @ih? ,

h/St/¢a/-Sy? idix/;aeStve/d< pTyu?jRin/Tvm/i- s< b?-Uw .2.

—CUj]b -d08n !)÷;"Qm !*÷dGq *_ ..
x] -clZjgf_ :qL–k'?ifx¿ Û h;/L -b]j/+ ljwj]j_ b]j/nfO{ ljwjf / -of]iff do{Ì_ ljjflxtf
:qLn] cfˆgf] kltnfO{ -;w:y]_ ;dfg :yfg zøofdf Psq eP/ ;Gtfgf]TklQsf] nflu -cf s[0f't]_ ;a
k|sf/af6 pTkÌ ub{5], To;/L g} ltdL b'O{ :qL–k'?if -s'xl:j2f]iff_ sxfF /flq / -s'x j:tM_ sxfF lbgdf
a;]sf lyof} < -s'xflelkTjd\_ sxfF kbfy{x¿sf] k|flKt -s/tM_ u¥of} < / -s'xf]ift'M_ s'g ;dodf sxfF
jf; ub{Yof} < -sf] jf+ zo'qf_ ltd|f] zog:yfg sxfF 5 < tyf sf] jf s'g b]zsf Xjf} < o;af6 oxL
l;4 x'G5 ls b]z–ljb]zdf :qL–k'?if ;Fu}df /x"g\ / ljjflxt klts} ;dfg lgo'Qm kltsf] u|x0f u/]/
ljwjf :qLn] klg ;Gtfgf]TklQ u/f];\ ..!..
k|Zg— h'g ljwjfsf] b]j/ cyf{t\ kltsf] efO 5}g eg] t lgof]u sf]l;t ug]{ <
pQ/— b]j/;Fu . k/Gt' b]j/ zAbsf] cy{ h:tf] ltdLn] ;Dem]sf 5f}, To:tf] xf]Og .
x]/ Û lg?Qmdf—
b]j/M s:dfb\ låtLof] j/ pRot] .. —lg?Qm -cWofo # . v08 !%_ ..
cy{— b]j/ p;nfO{ eGb5g\ ls hf] ljwjfsf] bf];|f] klt x'G5, rfx] kltsf] efO xf];\ jf bfO,
cyjf cfˆgf] j0f{ jf cfk"m eGbf pQd j0f{jfnf xf];\, hf];Fu lgof]u ul/G5, To;}sf] gfd …b]j/Ú xf] .
x] -gfl/_ ljb'O{ Û t}+n] -Pt+ utf;'d\_ o; d/]sf] kltsf] cfzf 5f]8]/ -z]if]_ afFsL k'?ifx¿b]lv
-clehLjnf]sd\_ dgn] rfx]sf] bf];|f] kltnfO{ -pk}lx_ k|fKt u/];\, / -pbLij{_ o; s'/fsf] ljrf/ /
lgZro /fv ls h'g -x:tu|fe:o lblwiff]M_ tF ljwjfsf] k'gM kfl0fu|x0f ug{sf] nflu lgo'Qm kltsf]
;DaGwsf] nflu lgof]u eof] eg] t -Obd\_ of] -hlgTjd\_ hlGdPsf] afns p;} lgo'Qm -kTo'M_ kltsf]
x'g]5 / olb t}+n] cfˆgf] nflu lgof]u ul/;\ eg] t of] ;Gtfg t]/f] ta x'g]5Ù o;/L lgZroo'Qm -cle
;d\ ae"y_ eP;\ / lgo'Qm k'?ifn] klg o;nfO{ kfng u/f];\ ..@..
Ade?v&/¸Nyp?it¸nI/hEix? iz/va p/zu_y?> su/yma? su/vcRa?> ,

à/jav?tI vIr/sUdeR/v&ka?ma Sy/aenemm/iGn< gahR?pTy< spyR .

—cyj{j]b -sf08 !$÷-k|kf=@(_ cg'=@÷dGq !* _ ..
x] -cklt£Gob]j[l£g_ klt / b]j/nfO{ b'Mv glbg] ePsL :qL Û tF -Ox_ o; u[xf>ddf, -kz'EoM_
kz'x¿sf] nflu, -lzjf_ sNof0f ug]{, -;'odf_ /fd|f] k|sf/;Fu wd{ lgoddf rNg], -;'jrf{M_ ¿k /
;j{zf:qljBfo'Qm, -k|hfjtL_ pQd–k'q kf}qflb ;lxt, -jL/;"M_ z"/jL/ k'qx¿nfO{ hGdfpg, -b]j[sfdf_
b]j/sf] sfdgf ug]{, -:of]gf_ / ;'v lbgsf] nflu, klt jf b]j/nfO{, -Plw_ k|fKt u/]/, -Odd\_ o;,
-ufx{kTod\_ u[x:y;DaGwL, -clUgd\_ clUgxf]qsf], -;ko{_ ;]jg ug]{ u/ .
tfdg]g ljwfg]g lghf] ljGb]t b]j/M .. —dg':d[lt -cWofo (÷Znf]s ^(_ ..
olb cIftof]lg :qL ljwjf eO{ eg] t To;sf] kltsf] lgh ;fgf] efOn] klg To;;Fu ljjfx
ug{ ;Sb5 .
k|Zg— Ps :qL jf k'?ifn] slt lgof]u ug{ ;Sb5g\ < / ljjflxt lgo'Qm kltx¿sf] gfd s]
x'G5 <
pQ/— saem?> àw/mae iv?ivde gNx/vaeR iv?ivd/ %Ä?r> , t&/tIyae? A/iGn:qe/ pit?Stu/rIy?Ste mnu:y/ja> .
—CUj]b -d08n !)÷;"Qm *%÷dGq $)_ ..
x] :qL Û -t]_ t]/f] -k|ydM_ klxnf] ljjflxt -kltM_ klt tFnfO{ -ljljb]_ k|fKt x'G5, p;sf] gfd
-;f]dM_ ;'s'df/tflb u'0fo'Qm x'gfn] …;f]dÚÙ h'g bf];|f] lgof]u x'gfn] -ljljb]_ Tof] -uGwj{M_ cyf{t\ Ps
:qL;Fu ;Def]u ugf{n] …uGwj{ÚÙ h'g -t[tLo pQ/M_ b'O{sf] kZrft\ t];|f] klt x'G5, Tof] -clUgM_
cTo'i0ftfo'Qm x'gfn] …clUgÚ ;+1sÙ / h'g -t]_ t]/f] -t'/LoM_ rf}yf]b]lv lnP/ P3f/f}+;Dd lgof]uaf6 klt
x'G5g\, ltgLx¿ -dg'iohfM_ …dg'ioÚ gfdn] lrlgG5g\ . h:t} -Odf+ TjldGb|=_ o; dGqdf P3f/f}+
k'?if;Dd :qLn] lgof]u ug{ ;Sb5], To;/L g} k'?ifn] klg P3f/f}+ :qL;Dd lgof]u ug{ ;Sb5 .
k|Zg— …PsfbzÚ zAbaf6 bz k'q / P3f/f}+ kltnfO{ lsg guÌ] <
pQ/— olb o:tf] cy{ u¥of} eg] t …ljwj]j b]j/d\Ú …b]j/M s:dfb\ låtLof] j/ pRot]Ú …cb]j[l£gÚ
/ …uGwjf]{ ljljb pQ/MÚ OToflb j]bk|df0fx¿b]lv lj?4fy{ x'g]5 . lsgeg] ltd|f] cy{n] t bf];|f] klg klt
k|fKt x'g ;Sb}g .
b]j/fåf ;lk08fåf l:qof ;Doª\lgo'Qmof . k|h]lK;tflwuGtJof ;Gtfg:o kl/Ifo] ..!..
Ho]i7f] ojLo;f] eføof{+ ojLofGjfu|hl:qod\ . klttf} ejtf] uTjf lgo'QmfjKogfklb ..@..
cf}/;M If]qhZr}j ..#..
) —dg':d[lt -cWofo (÷Znf]s %(, %*, !%(_ ..
OToflb dg'hLn] n]Vg'ePsf] 5 ls -;lk08_, cyf{t\ kltsf] 5M k':tfx¿df kltsf] efO jf bfO
cyjf :jhftLo tyf cfˆgf] eGbf pQd hflt:y k'?if;Fu :qLsf] lgof]u x'g'kb{5 . k/Gt' h'g tL
d[ts:qL k'?if / ljwjf :qLn] ;Gtfgf]TklQsf] OR5f ub{5] eg] t lgof]u ug{ plrt 5, / ha
;Gtfgsf] ;j{yf Ifo x'G5, ta lgof]u xf];\ ..!.. h'g cfkTsfn, cyf{t\ ;Gtfgx¿sf] x'gdf OR5f
gx'Fbfdf, 7"nf] bfOsL :qL;Fu ;fgf]sf] / ;fgf] efOsf] :qL;Fu 7"nf] bfOsf] lgof]u eP/ ;Gtfgf]TklQ
x'Fbfv]l/ klg k'gM tL lgo'Qm cfk;df ;dfud u/] eg] t kltt x'g]5g\, cyf{t\ Ps lgof]udf bf];|f]
k'qsf] ue{ /xg];Dd lgof]usf] cjlw xf], o; kZrft\ ;dfud ug{ x'Fb}g ..@.. / olb b'O6}sf] nflu
lgof]u xf] eg] t rf}yf] ue{;Dd, cyf{t\ k"jf]{Qm /Lltn] bz ;Gtfg;Dd x'g ;Sb5 . kZrft\
ljifof;lQmdf ulgg]5, o;n] ubf{ ltgLx¿ klttdf ulgg]5g\ . / hf] ljjflxt :qL–k'?if klg bzf}+
ue{b]lv clws ;dfud u/] eg] t sfdL / lglGbt x'G5g\ . cyf{t\ ljjfx jf lgof]u ;Gtfgx¿s}
cy{df ul/Psf] x'G5, kz'jt\ sfdqmL8fsf] nflu xf]Og .
k|Zg— lgof]u d/]kl5 g}+ x'G5 ls klt hLpFbf] x'Fbf klg <
pQ/— hLpFbf] x'Fbf klg x'G5—
A/Nyim?CDSv su-ge/ pit</ mt! . —CUj]b -d08n !)÷;"Qm !)÷dGq !)_ ..
ha klt ;Gtfgf]TklQsf] nflu c;dy{ x'G5 eg] ta :qLnfO{ cf1f b]cf];\ ls x] ;'eu] Û
;f}efUosf] OR5f ug]{ ePsL tF -dt\_ db]lv -cGod\_ bf];|f] kltsf] -OR5:j_ OR5f u/\, lsgeg] ca
daf6 ;Gtfgf]TklQ x'g ;Sb}g . ta :qLn] bf];|f];Fu lgof]u u/]/ ;Gtfgf]TklQ u/f];\, k/Gt' To;
ljjflxt dxfzo kltsf] ;]jfdf tTk/ /xf];\ . To;/L g} :qL klg ha /f]uflb bf]ifn] u|:t eP/
;Gtfgf]TklQdf c;dy{ eO{ eg] ta cfˆgf] kltnfO{ cf1f b]cf];\ ls x] :jfdL Û tkfO{+n] daf6
;Gtfgf]TklQsf] OR5fnfO{ 5f]8]/, s'g} csL{ ljwjf :qL;Fu lgof]u u/]/ ;Gtfgf]TklQ ug'{xf];\ . h:t} ls
kf08' /fhfsL :qL s'GtL / dfb|L cflbn] u/] . ;fy} h;/L Jof;hLn] lrqfËb / ljlrqjLo{sf] d/0f
kZrft\ tL cfˆgL efOsL :qLx¿;Fu lgof]u u/]/ clDasfdf w[t/fi6«, cDaflnsfdf kf08' / bf;Ldf
ljb'/sf] pTklQ u/], OToflb Oltxf; klg o; s'/fsf] k|df0f x'g\ .
k|f]liftf] wd{sfof{y{+ k|tLIof]˜i6f} g/M ;dfM . ljBfy{+ if8\ ozf]˜y{+ jf sfdfy{+ qL+:t' jT;/fg\ ..!..
jGWofi6d]˜lwj]BfAb] bzd] t' d[tk|hfM . Psfbz] :qLhggL ;B:Tjlk|ojflbgL ..@..
—dg':d[lt -cWofo (÷Znf]s &^, *!_ ..
ljjflxt :qLÙ hf] ljjflxt klt wd{sf] cy{ k/b]z uPsf] 5 eg] cf7 jif{, ljBf / sLlt{sf]
nflu uPsf] 5 eg] t 5M jif{, / wgflb sdfpgsf] nflu uPsf] xf] eg] t tLg jif{;Dd af6f] x]/]/,
kZrft\df lgof]u u/]/ ;Gtfgf]TklQ u/f];\ . ha ljjflxt klt cfof] eg] t lgo'Qm k'?if klg
5'6f];\ ..!.. To;/L g} k'?ifsf] nflu klg lgod 5, ha ljjfx u/]b]lv cf7 jif{;Dd :qLdf ue{ /x]g
eg], olb aGWof e} eg] t cf7f}+ jif{df, ;Gtfg hGd]/ klg /x]gg\ eg] t bzf}+, ha–ha x'G5 ta–ta
sGof, k'q gePsf] v08df P3f/f}+, / hf] :qL clk|o af]Nb5] eg] t t'?Gt To;nfO{ 5f]8]/, bf];|f] :qL;Fu
lgof]u u/]/ ;Gtfgf]TklQ u/f];\ ..@.. To;/L g} hf] k'?if cToGt b'Mvbfos 5 eg] To;nfO{ t'?Gt 5f]8]/
bf];|f];Fu lgof]u u/]/ ;Gtfgf]TklQ u/]/ p;} ljjflxt kltsf] bfoefuL -c+lzof/_ ;Gtfg u/fcf];\ .
OToflb k|df0f / o'lQmx¿af6 :jo+j/ ljjfx / lgof]uaf6 cfˆgf]–cfˆgf] s'nsf] pÌlt u/f];\ .
h;/L …cf}/;Ú cyf{t\ ljjflxt kltaf6 hGd]sf] k'q, lktfsf] kbfy{x¿sf] :jfdL x'G5, To;/L g}
…If]qhÚ cyf{t\ lgof]uaf6 hGd]sf k'qn] klg d[tlktfsf] bfoefuL -c+lzof/_ x'G5 .
 ca o;dfly :qL / k'?ifn] o; s'/fsf] Vofn /fVg'kb{5 ls jLo{ / /hnfO{ ;b}j cd"No
;lDempmg\ . hf] s;}n] o:tf] cd"No kbfy{nfO{ k/:qL, j]Zof jf b'i6 k'?ifx¿sf] ;Ëdf nfu]/ gi6
ub{5g\, tL dxfd"v{ x'G5g\ . lsgeg] ls;fg jf dfnL d"v{ eP/ klg cfˆgf] v]t jf jfl6sfsf] lagf
cGoq aLp /f]Kb}gg\ . h'g ls ;fwf/0f aLpsf] / d"v{sf] oxL jt{dfg -klxrfg_ xf] eg] t h'g ;jf]{Qd
dg'ioz/L/¿kL j[Ifsf] aLhnfO{ s'If]qdf v;fNb5 eg], Tof] dxfd"v{df ulgG5, lsgeg] To;sf] kmn
To;nfO{ ldNb}g / …cfTdf j} hfot] k'qMÚ of] a|fXd0f u|Gy -zt=sf+=!$÷k|kf=&÷a|f=%÷s+=@^_ sf] jrg
xf] .
A¼a?d¼/aTsM-?vis/ ùd/ya/dix? jayse , Aa/Tmais pu/Ç ma/ m&wa/> s jI?v z/rd> z/tm! .
—of] ;fdj]bsf] a|fXd0fsf] jrg xf] ..
—;fdj]b a|fXd0f dGqkj{ -k|kf7s !÷v08 %÷sl08sf !& sf] k"jf{4{ / !* sf] pQ/f4{_ ..
x] k'q Û tF cË–cËaf6 pTkÌ ePsf] jLo{af6 pTkÌ / Åboaf6 pTkÌ x'G5;\, To;}n] tF d]/f]
cfTdf xf];\, d eGbf k"j{ gdg"{, lsGt' zo jif{;Dd afFRg" . h;af6 o:tf–o:tf dxfTdf /
dxfzox¿sf] z/L/ pTkÌ x'G5, To;nfO{ j]Zoflb b'i6If]qdf v]/ kmfNg', jf b'i6 aLh /fd|f] If]qdf /f]Kg'
dxfkfksf] sfd xf] .
k|Zg— ljjfx lsg ug]{ < lsgeg] o;af6 :qL / k'?if aGwgdf k/]/ y'k|} ;+sf]r ug'{ / b'Mv
ef]Ug'kb{5, To;}n] h;sf] hf];Fu k|Llt x'G5, ltgLx¿ ta;Dd ldln/x"g\, ha k|Llt 5'6\b5 ta
5f]l8lbpmg\ .
pQ/— of] t kz'–kIfLx¿sf] Jojxf/ eof] lg, dg'iosf] xf]Og . olb dfG5]df ljjfxsf] lgod
/x]g eg] t, u[xf>dsf] /fd|f] Jojxf/ ;a} gi6–e|i6 x'g hfG5 . s;}n] s;};Fu eo jf nfh dfÌ]
5}g . j[4fj:yfdf s;}n] s;}sf] ;]jf klg ug]{5}g, / dxfJolerf/ a9]/ ;a} /f]uL, lga{n / cNkfo'
eP/ zL3|–zL3| dg]{5g\ . sf]xL s;}sf] kbfy{sf] :jfdL jf c+lzof/ gx'g] / s;}–s;}sf] kbfy{df
bL3{sfn–ko{Gt :jTj /xg]5, OToflb bf]ifx¿sf] lgjf/0ffy{ ljjfx cjZo x'g'kb{5 .
k|Zg— ha ljjfx x'g]5, Ps k'?ifsL Ps :qL / Ps :qLsf] Ps k'?if x'g]5, ta :qL ue{jtL
x'G5], l:y//f]lu0fL cyjf k'?if bL3{/f]uL eP eg] / b'O6}sf] o'jfj:yf /x]5 eg]Ù Toltv]/ pgLx¿sf] dg
dfg]g eg] s] ug]{ <
pQ/— o;sf] k|To'Q/ lgof]udf lbO;s]sf] 5', / ha ue{jtL :qL;Fu Ps jif{ ko{Gt ;dfud
gug]{ ;dodf k'?ifsf] :qLsf] dg yfldg ;s]g eg] s'g} ljwjfl;t lgof]u u/]/ To;sf] nflu k'qf]TklQ
ul/b]cf];\, k/Gt' j]Zofudg jf Jolerf/ slxNo} klg gug'{ .
hxfF;Dd x'g ;Sb5, ToxfF;Dd ck|fKt j:t'sf] OR5f, k|fKtsf] /If0f / /lIftsf] j[l4 clg a9]sf]
wgsf] Joo b]zf]ksf/df ug]{ ug'{ . ;a} k|sf/sf] cyf{t\ k"jf]{Qm /Lltn] cfˆgf]–cfˆgf] j0ff{>dsf]
Jojxf/x¿nfO{ cTo'T;fx, k|oTg, tg, dg, wgn] ug]{ ug'{ . cfˆgf dftf, lktf, ;f;", Zjz'/sf] cToGt
z'>"iff ug]{ ug'{ . ldq, l5d]sL, /fhf, ljåfg\, j}B / ;Tk'?ifx¿;Fu k|Llt /fVg] / b'i6;Fu pk]Iff /fv]/
ltgnfO{ ;'wfg{sf] nflu k|oTg ug]{ . hxfF;Dd aÌ ;Sb5, ToxfF;Dd k|]dn] cfˆgf ;Gtfgx¿nfO{ ljåfg\
/ ;'lzlIft agfpglt/ wgflbnfO{ nufpg] . wd{n] ;a} Jojxf/nfO{ ub}{ df]Ifsf] ;fwg klg ug]{ ug'{
h;sf] k|flKtn] k/dfgGb xf]cf];\ . tnsf o:tf Joy{ Znf]sx¿nfO{ gdfÌ"—
klttf]˜lk låhM >]i7f] g r z"b|f] lht]lGb|oM . lgb'{Uwf rflk uf}M k"Hof g r b'UwjtL v/L ..!..
—t'ngf -efiff kf/fz/L cWofo *÷Znf]s ##, k/fz/:d[lt cWofo *÷Znf]s #@_ ..
cZjfnDe+ ujfnDe+ ;+Gof;+ knk}lqsd\ . b]j/fRr ;'tf]TklQ+ snf} k~r ljjh{o]t\ ..@..
—t'ngf -kf/:s/ u[Xo ;"q sf08 !÷s+= # sf] ubfw/ efiodf p4[t Znf]saf6_ ..
gi6] d[t] k|j|lht] SnLj] r kltt] ktf} . k~r:jfkT;' gf/L0ff+ klt/Gof] ljwLot] ..#..
—efiff kf/fz/L -cWofo $÷Znf]s #)_ ..
oL skf]nslNkt kf/fz/Lsf Znf]s x'g\ . h'g b'i6 sd{sf/L låhnfO{ >]i7, / >]i7 sd{sf/L
z"b|nfO{ gLr dfGof] eg] t o;eGbf k/ kIfkft, cGofo, cwd{ bf];|f] clws s] g} xf]nf Û s] b'x'gf] ufO{
/ yf/f] ufO{ uf]kfnnfO{ kfngLo x'G5, To:t} s'dfn] cflbnfO{ ulwgL kfngLo x'Ì < / of] b[i6fGt klg
ljifd 5, lsgeg] låh / z"b| dg'io hflt, ufO{ / ulwgL leÌ hflt xf] . syl~rt\ kz' hfltaf6
b[i6fGtsf] Psb]z bfi6f{Gtdf ldn] klg t o;sf] cfzo co'Qm x'gfn] of] Znf]s ljåfg\x¿nfO{ dfggLo
slxNo} klg x'g ;Sb}g ..!..
 ha cZjfnDe cyf{t\ 3f]8fnfO{ df/]/ cyjf ufO{nfO{ df/]/ xf]d ug'{ j]bljlxt 5}g eg] t
To;nfO{ slno'udf lgif]w ug'{ j]blj?4 lsg xf]Og < olb slno'udf o; gLr sd{nfO{ lgif]w dfGof}+
eg] t q]tf cflbdf ljlw x'GYof] . To;sf/0f o:tf] b'i6 sfd >]i7 o'udf x'g' ;j{yf c;Dej 5 . ;fy}
;+Gof;sf] j]bflbdf ljlw 5, To;sf] lgif]w ug'{ lgd{"n xf] . ha df+;sf] lgif]w 5 eg] t ;j{bf g} lgif]w
5 . ha b]j/af6 k'qf]TklQ ug{ j]bdf n]lvPsf] 5 eg] t of] Znf]sstf{ lsg eGsG5 < ..@..
olb -gi6]_ cyf{t\ klt s'g} b]z–b]zfGt/df uPsf] 5 eg], 3/df :qLn] lgof]u u/f];\, Tolt j]n}
ljjflxt klt cfof] eg] t Tof] s:sL :qL x'G5] < sf]xL eGb5 ls ljjflxt kltsL . xfdLn] dfGof}+,
k/Gt' o:tf] Joj:yf kf/fz/Ldf t n]lvPsf] 5}g . s] :qLsf kfFr g} cfkT;do xf] < /f]uL ePsf] eP,
n8fO{+ ePsf] eP, OToflb cfkTsfn kfFr eGbf clws 5g\, To;}n] o:tf–o:tf Znf]sx¿nfO{ slxNo}
klg dfÌx'Fb}g ..#..
k|Zg— s] t Û ltdLn] k/fz/ d'lgsf] jrgnfO{ klg dfGb}gf} <
pQ/— rfx] s;}sf] jrg xf];\, k/Gt' j]bsf] lj?4 x'gfn] dfGb}gf}+, / of] k/fz/sf] jrg klg
xf]Og . lsgeg] h;/L …a|Xdf]jfr, jl;i7 pjfr, /fd pjfr, lzj pjfr, b]Jo'jfrÚ OToflb >]i7x¿sf]
gfd n]v]/, u|Gy/rgf o;sf] nflu ub{5g\ ls ;j{dfGosf] gfdn] oL u|GynfO{ ;+;f/df ;a}n] dfÌ]5g\
/ xfd|f] k'isn hLljsf rNg]5 . s]xL k|lIfKt -kl5 ylkPsf]_ Znf]sx¿nfO{ 5f]8]/ dg':d[lt g} j]bfg's"n
5, cGo :d[lt 5}gg\ . o;/L g} cGo hfn u|Gyx¿sf] klg Joj:yf ;Demg' .
u[x:y cf>dsf] >]i7tf -$=!&_
k|Zg— u[xf>d ;a} eGbf ;fgf] xf] ls 7"nf] <
pQ/—cfˆgf] sd{df ;a} 7"nf x'g\ . k/Gt'—
oyf gbLgbfM ;j]{ ;fu/] oflGt ;+l:yltd\ . ty}jf>ld0fM ;j]{ u[x:y] oflGt ;+l:yltd\ ..!..
—dg':d[lt -cWofo ^÷Znf]s ()_ ..
oyf jfo'+ ;dfl>To jQ{Gt] ;j{hGtjM . tyf u[x:ydfl>To jQ{Gt] ;j{ cf>dfM ..@..
o:dfTqof]˜Kof>ld0ff] bfg]gfÌ]g rfGjxd\ . u[x:y]g}j wføo{Gt] t:dfHHo]i7f>df] u[xL ..#..
; ;+wføo{M k|oTg]g :ju{dIfoldR5tf . ;'v+ r]x]R5tf lgTo+ of]˜wfof]{ b'a{n]lGb|o}M ..$..
—dg':d[lt -cWofo #÷Znf]s &&–&(_ ..
cy{— h;/L gbL / 7"nf–7"nf gb ta;Dd 3'ld/fVb5g\, ha;Dd ;d'b|nfO{ k|fKt ub{}gg\, o;}
u/L u[x:ys} cf>on] ;a} cf>d l:y/ /xG5g\, lagf u[x:yf>dn] cGo cf>dsf] s'g} klg Jojxf/
l;4 x'g ;Sb}g ..!.. -h;/L jfo'sf] cf>odf ;a} k|f0fL 5g\, To;/L g} u[x:yf>d ;a} cf>dx¿sf]
klg cf>d xf]_ lagf o; cf>dn] a|Xdrf/L, jfgk|:yL / ;+Gof;Lsf]] b}lgs Jojxf/ cyf{t\ lgjf{x l;4
x'Fb}g ..@.. h;af6 a|Xdrf/L, jfgk|:y / ;+Gof;L tLg} cf>dsf] bfg / cÌflb lbP/ k|ltlbg u[x:yn]
g} wf/0f ub{5, o;}n] u[x:y Ho]i7f>d xf], cyf{t\ ;a} Jojxf/x¿df w'/Gw/ dflgG5 ..#.. To;}n] h;n]
cIfo df]If / ;+;f/sf] ;'vsf] OR5f ub{5, To;n] k|oTg ub}{ u[xf>dnfO{ wf/0f u/f]; \ . u[xf>d
b'a{n]lGb|o cyf{t\ eL? / lga{n k'?ifnfO{ wf/0f ug{ cof]Uo 5, o;nfO{ /fd|f];Fu wf/0f u/f];\ ..$..
o;}n] h]–hlt Jojxf/ ;+;f/df 5g\, To;sf] cfwf/ eg]sf] u[xf>d g} xf] . olb of] u[xf>d
x'Gy]g eg] t ;Gtfgf]TklQ gx'gfn] a|Xdro{, jfgk|:y / ;+Gof;f>d sxfFaf6 x'g ;Sby] < hf] s;}n]
u[xf>dsf] lgGbf ub{5 eg], Tof] cfk}m lgGbgLo x'G5, / h;n] k|z+;f ub{5 ToxL k|z+;gLo x'G5 .
k/Gt' ta g} u[xf>ddf ;'v x'G5 ha :qL / k'?if b'O6} k/:k/ k|;Ì, ljåfg\, k'?iffyL{ / ;a} k|sf/sf]
Jojxf/sf] 1ftf x'G5g\ . o;}n] u[xf>dsf] ;'vsf] d'Vo sf/0f a|Xdro{ / k"jf]{Qm :jo+j/ ljjfx xf] .
oxfF ;+If]kdf ;dfjQ{g, ljjfx / u[xf>dsf] ljifodf lzIff n]v]+ . o;sf] cufl8 jfgk|:y /
;+Gof;sf] ljifodf n]lvg] 5 .

Olt >Ld2ofgGb;/:jtL:jflds[t] ;Tofy{k|sfz]

;'efifflje"lift] ;dfjQ{gljjfxu[xf>dljifo]
rt'y{M ;d'Nnf;M ;Dk"0f{M ..$..

 -%_ kfFrf}+ ;d'Nnf;
jfgk|:y Pj+ ;+Gof; cf>dsf] ljlw
jfgk|:yf>dsf] ljlw -%=!_
a|Xdrøof{>d+ ;dfKo u[xL ej]t\ u[xL e"Tjf jgL ej]ågL e"Tjf k|j|h]t\ ..
—ztky a|fXd0f sf08 !$ .. -t'ngf–hfafnf]klgifb\ v08 $_ ..
dg'ionfO{ of] plrt 5 ls a|Xdrof{>d ;dfKt u/]/ u[x:y, u[x:y ePkl5 jfgk|:y /
jfgk|:y eP/ ;+Gof;L agf];\, cyf{t\ of] cg'qmdn] cf>dsf] ljwfg xf] .
Pj+ u[xf>d] l:yTjf ljlwjT:gftsf] låhM . jg] j;]Q' lgotf] oyfjlålht]lGb|oM ..!..
u[x:y:t' obf kZo]b\jnLklntdfTdgM . ckTo:o}j rfkTo+ tbf/0o+ ;df>o]t\ ..@..
;+ToHo u|fDodfxf/+ ;j{+ r}j kl/R5bd\ . k'q]if' efof{+ lgMlIfKo jg+ uR5]T;x}j jf ..#..
clUgxf]q+ ;dfbfo u[Xo+ rflUgkl/R5bd\ . u|fdfb/0o+ lgM;[To lgj;]lÌot]lGb|oM ..$..
d'GoÌ}lj{ljw}d]{Wo}M zfsd"nkmn]g jf . Ptfg]j dxfo1flÌj{k]lålwk"j{sd\ ..%..
—dg':d[lt -cWofo ^÷Znf]s !–%_ ..
o; k|sf/ :gfts cyf{t\ a|Xdro{k"j{s u[xf>dsf] stf{ låh cyf{t\ a|fXd0f, Iflqo / j}Zo
u[xf>ddf /x]/ lglZrtfTdf / oyfjt\ OlGb|ox¿nfO{ lht]/ jgdf k;f];\ ..!.. k/Gt' ha u[x:y lz/df
Zj]t s]z tyf Tjrf rfp/L kg{ nfu]df, / gfltx¿ 7"N7"nf x'g yfn]df, ta jgdf k;f]; \ ..@.. Uf|fdsf]
cfxf/, j:qflb ;a} pQdf]Qd kbfy{x¿nfO{ 5f]8]/, k'qnfO{ :qLsf] lhDdf nufP/, jf cfˆgf] ;fy}df
lnP/ jgdf k;f];\ ..#.. ;fËf]kfË clUgxf]qnfO{ lnP/ u|fdaf6 lgSnFb}, b[9]lGb|o eP/, c/0odf cfP/
a;f];\ ..$.. gfgf k|sf/sf] ;fdf cflb cÌ, ;'Gb/ ;fu, d"n, kmn, sGbflbn] k"jf]{Qm k~rdxfo1x¿nfO{
u/f];\ / To;}af6 cltly ;]jf / cfk"mn] klg lgjf{x u/f];\ ..%..
:jfWofo] lgToo'QmM :of2fGtf] d}qM ;dflxtM . bftf lgTodgfbftf ;j{e"tfg'sDksM ..!..
ck|oTgM ;'vfy]{if' a|Xdrf/L w/fzoM . z/0f]ijddZr}j j[Ifd"nlgs]tgM ..@..
—dg':d[lt -cWofo ^÷Znf]s *, @^_ ..
:jfWofo cyf{t\ k9\g–k9fpgdf lgToo'Qm, lhtfTdf, ;a}sf] ldq, OlGb|ox¿sf] bdgzLn,
ljBfsf] bfg ug]{ / ;a}dfly bofn', s;};Fuaf6 s]xL klg kbfy{ glnof];\, o; k|sf/n] ;bf jt{dfg
u/f];\ ..!.. z/L/sf] ;'vsf] nflu clt k|oTg gug]{ lsGt' a|Xdrf/L /xg] cyf{t\ cfˆgf] :qL ;fydf /x]
tfklg pgL;Fu ljifor]i6f s]xL klg gu/f];\, e"lddf ;'tf];\, cfˆgf cfl>t jf :jsLo kbfy{df ddtf
gu/f];\, j[Ifsf] d"ndf a;f];\ ..@..
tkM >4] o] Xo'kj;GTo/0o], zfGtf ljåf+;f] e}Ifrøof{+ r/GtM .
;"øo{åf/]0f t] lj/hfM k|oflGt, oqf˜d[tM ; k'?iff] XoJoofTdf ..
—d'08sf]klgifb\ -d'08s !÷v08 @÷dGq !!_ ..
hf] zfGt ljåfgLx¿ jgdf tk, wdf{g'i7fg / ;Tosf] >4f u/]/ leIffr/0f ub}{ jgdf a:b5g\,
hxfF gfz/lxt k"0f{ k'?if xflgnfe /lxt k/dfTdf 5g\, jxfF tL lgd{n eP/ k|f0fåf/af6 Tof]
k/dfTdfnfO{ k|fKt u/]/ cfglGbt x'G5g\ .
A/_yad?xaim s/imx/mGne? ìtpte/ Tviy? , ì/tÂ? ï/Ïa< caepE?mI/Nxe Tva? dIi]/tae A/hm! .1.
—oh'j]{b -cWofo @)÷dGq @$_ ..
Jffgk|:ynfO{ plrt of] 5 ls— d}n] clUgdf xf]d u/]/ bLlIft x'Fb} j|t, ;Tofr/0f / >4fnfO{
k|fKt u¿F– o:tf] OR5f u/]/ jfgk|:y xf]cf];\, gfgf k|sf/sf] tkZrof{, ;T;Ë, of]ufEof; / ;'ljrf/n]
1fg / kljqtfnfO{ k|fKt u/f];\ . kZrft\ ha ;+Gof;sf] u|x0fsf] OR5f ePdf, ta :qLnfO{ k'qsf]
lhDdf nufP/, k]ml/ ;+Gof; u|x0f u/f];\ ..!..
Olt ;+If]k]0f jfgk|:yljlwM .

 ;+Gof; cf>dsf] ljlw -%=@_
jg]if' r ljÅTo}j+ t[QLo+ efudfo'ifM . rt'y{dfo'iff] efu+ ToSTjf ;Ëfg\ kl/j|h]t\ ..
—dg':d[lt -cWofo ^÷Znf]s ##_ ..
o; k|sf/ jgdf cfo'sf] t];|f] efu cyf{t\ krf;f}+ jif{b]lv lnP/ krxQ/f}+ jif{ ko{Gt jfgk|:y
eP/, cfo'sf] rf}yf] efudf ;Ëx¿nfO{ 5f]8]/ kl/j|f6 cyf{t\ ;+Gof;L agf];\ .
k|Zg— u[xf>d / jfgk|:yf>d gul/sg, ;+Gof;f>d u/]df, To;nfO{ kfk x'G5, jf x'Fb}g <
pQ/— x'G5 / x'Fbg} klg .
k|Zg— o:tf] b'O{ k|sf/sf] s'/f] lsg ub{5f} <
pQ/— b'O{ k|sf/sf] xf]Og . lsgeg] hf] afNoj:yfdf lj/Qm eP/ ljifox¿df km;]df t
dxfkfkL, / hf] km:b}g Tof] dxfk'0ofTdf ;Tk'?if xf] .
obx/]j lj/h]Qbx/]j k|j|h]ågfåf u[xfåf a|Xdrof{b]j k|j|h]t\ ..
—of] a|fXd0fu|Gysf] jrg xf] . -t'ngf–cyj{j]bLohfafnf]klgifb\ v08 $_ ..
h'g lbg j}/fUo k|fKt x'G5, To;} lbg 3/ jf jgaf6 ;+Gof; u|x0f u/f];\ . klxnf ;+Gof;sf]
kIfqmd elgof] / o;df ljsNk of] bf];|f] kIf cyf{t\ jfgk|:y g u/f];\, u[x:yf>daf6} g} ;+Gof; u|x0f
u/f];\ / t[tLo kIf of] xf] ls hf] k"0f{ ljåfg\, lht]lGb|o, ljifo–ef]usf] sfdgfb]lv /lxt, k/f]ksf/ ug]{
OR5fn] o'Qm k'?if xf];\, To;n] a|Xdrof{>daf6} g} ;+Gof; n]cf];\ .
/ j]bx¿df klg otoM -CUj]b *÷^÷!*_, a|fXd0f:o -CUj]b !)÷!)(÷$_, ljhfgtM -oh'j]{b
$)÷&_ OToflb kbx¿df ;+Gof;sf] ljwfg 5, k/Gt'—
gflj/tf] b'Zrl/tfÌfzfGtf] gf;dflxtM . gfzfGtdfg;f] jflk k|1fg]g}gdfKg'oft\ ..
—s7f]klgifb\ -cWofo !÷jNnL @÷dGq @$_ ..
hf] b'/frf/b]lv k[ys\ 5}g\, h;nfO{ zflGt 5}g, h;sf] cfTdf of]uL 5}g, / h;sf] dg zfGt
5}g, To:tf]n] ;+Gof; lnP/ klg k|1fgaf6 k/dfTdfnfO{ k|fKt ug{ ;Sb}g . o;}n]—
oR5]åfª\dg;L k|f1:tBR5]b\ 1fg cfTdlg . 1fgdfTdlg dxlt lgoR5]QBR5]R5fGt cfTdlg ..
—s7f]klgifb\ -cWofo !÷jNnL #÷d+ !#_ ..
;+Gof;L a'l4dfg\ jf0fL / dgnfO{ cwd{b]lv /f]sf];\, pgnfO{ 1fg / cfTdfdf nufcf];\, / To;
1fg :jfTdfnfO{ k/dfTdfdf nufcf];\ / To; lj1fgnfO{ zfGt:j¿k cfTdfdf l:y/ u/f];\ .
k/LIo nf]sfg\ sd{lrtfg\ a|fXd0ff] lgj]{bdfofÌf:Tos[tM s[t]g .
tlå1fgfy{+ ; u'?d]jfleuR5]t\ ;ldTkfl0fM >f]lqo+ a|Xdlgi7d\ ..
—d'08sf]klgifb\ -d'08s !÷v08 @÷dGq !@_ ..
;a} nf}lss ef]ux¿ sd{af6 ;+lrt ePsf] b]v]/ a|fXd0f cyf{t\ ;+Gof;L j}/fUonfO{ k|fKt
u/f];\ . lsgeg] …cs[tÚ cyf{t\ gul/Psf] k/dfTdf …s[tÚ cyf{t\ s]jn sd{n] k|fKt x'Fb}g, o;}n] s]xL
ck{0fsf] cy{ xftdf lnP/ j]bljt\ / k/d]Zj/nfO{ hfÌ] To; u'?sxfF lj1fgsf] nflu hfcf];\, uP/ ;a}
;Gb]x¿sf] lgj[lQ u/f];\ . k/Gt' ;bf logLx¿sf] ;Ë 5f]l8lbg' ls—
cljBfofdGt/] jQ{dfgfM :jo+ wL/fM kl08tDdGodfgfM .
h‹GodfgfM kl/olGt d"9f cGw]g}j gLodfgf oyfGwfM ..!..
cljBfof+ ax'wf jQ{dfgf jo+ s[tfyf{ OToledGolGt afnfM .
oTsld{0ff] g k|j]bolGt /fufQ]gft'/fM IfL0fnf]sfZRojGt] ..@..
—d'08sf]klgifb\ -d'08s !÷v08 @÷dGq *–(_ ..
hf] cljBfsf] leq v]ln/x]sf x'G5g\, cfk"mnfO{ wL/ / kl08t dfGb5g\, / gLr ultlt/ hfg]
h:t} cGwfsf] k5fl8 cGwfn] b'b{zfnfO{ k|fKt ub{5, To:t} u/L g} d"9n] b'MvnfO{ k|fKt ub{5g\ ..!.. hf]
w]/} cljBfdf /d0f ug]{x¿, afna'l4n] xfdL t k"0f{ s[tfy{ 5f}+ o:tf] dfGb5g\, h;nfO{ s]jn
sd{sf08Lx¿ /fun] df]lxt eP/ hfGb}gg\ / hgfpg klg ;Sb}gg\, ltgLx¿ cfQ'l/P/ hGd d/0f¿k
b'Mvdf kb{5g\ .. To;}n]—
j]bfGtlj1fg;'lglZrtfyf{M, ;+Gof;of]ufBtoM z'4;TjfM .
t] a|Xdnf]s]if' k/fGtsfn], k/fd[tfTkl/d'RolGt ;j]{ ..
—d'08sf]klgifb\ -d'08s #÷v08 @÷dGq ^_ ..
 h'g j]bfGt cyf{t\ k/d]Zj/ k|ltkfbs j]bdGqx¿sf] cy{1fg / cfrf/df /fd|f];Fu lglZrt ub}{
;+Gof;of]un] z'4fGtMs/0f ;+Gof;L x'G5g\, ltgLx¿ k/d]Zj/df d'lQm–;'vnfO{ k|fKt u/]/, ef]usf]
kZrft\ ha d'lQmdf ;'vsf] cjlw k"/f x'G5, ta ToxfFaf6 5'6]/ ;+;f/df cfpF5g\ . lagf d'lQmn]
b'Mvsf] gfz x'Fb}g . lsgeg]—
g j} ;z/L/:o ;tM lk|oflk|oof]/kxlt/:Toz/L/+ jfj ;Gt+ g lk|oflk|o] :k[ztM ..
—5fGbf]Uof]klgifb\ -k|kf7s *÷v08 !@÷k|jfs !_ ..
hf] b]xwf/L 5, Tof] ;'v–b'Mvsf] k|flKtaf6 k[ys\ slxNo} /xg ;Sb}g / h'g z/L//lxt hLjfTdf
d'lQmdf ;j{Jofks k/d]Zj/sf] ;fy z'4 eP/ /xG5, ta To;nfO{ ;f+;fl/s ;'v–b'Mv k|fKt x'Fb}g .
o;}n]—
nf]s}if0ffofZr ljQ}if0ffofZr k'q}if0ffofZrf]Tyfofy e}Ifro{+ r/lGt ..
—t'ngf -zt=a|f=sf+= !$÷k|kf= %÷a|f= @÷s+= !_ ..
nf]sdf k|lti7f jf nfe, wgn] ef]u jf dfGo, k'qflbsf] df]xb]lv cnu eP/, ;+Gof;Lx¿ leIf's
x'Fb} /ft–lbg df]Ifsf] ;fwgx¿df tTk/ /xG5g\ .
k|fhfkTof+ lg¿Ko]li6+ t:of+ ;j{j]b;+ x'Œjf a|fXd0fM k|j|h]t\ ..!..
—oh'j]{ba|fXd0f] .. x]g'{xf];\–Gofo ;"q -$÷!÷^@_ df jfT:ofogsf] efio_ ..
k|fhfkTof+ lg¿Ko]li6+ ;j{j]b;blIf0ffd\ . cfTdGoUgLG;df/f]Ko a|fXd0fM k|j|h]b\ u[xft\ ..@..
of] bTjf ;j{e"t]EoM k|j|hToeo+ u[xft\ . t:o t]hf]dof nf]sf ejlGt a|XdjflbgM ..#..
—dg':d[lt -cWofo ^÷Znf]s #*–#(_ ..
k|hfklt cyf{t\ k/d]Zj/sf] k|flKtsf] cy{ Oli6 cyf{t\ o1 u/]/ p;df o1f]kjLt lzvflb
lrÂx¿nfO{ 5f]8]/, cfxjgLoflb kfFr clUgx¿sf] k|f0f, ckfg, Jofg, pbfg / ;dfg oL kfFr
k|f0fx¿df cf/f]k0f u/]/ a|fXd0f a|Xdljt\ 3/af6 lgSn]/ ;+Gof;L agf];\ ..!–@.. h;n] ;a} e"tÖ
k|f0fLdfqnfO{ ceobfg lbP/ 3/af6 lg:s]/ ;+Gof;L aGb5, To; a|XdjfbL cyf{t\ k/d]Zj/k|sflzt
j]bf]Qm wdf{lb ljBfx¿sf] pkb]z ug]{ ;+Gof;Lsf] nflu k|sfzdo cyf{t\ d'lQmsf] cfgGb:j¿k nf]s
k|flKt x'G5 ..#..
k|Zg— ;+Gof;Lx¿sf] wd{ s] xf] <
pQ/— wd{ t kIfkft/lxt Gofofr/0f, ;Tosf] u|x0f, c;Tosf] kl/Tofu, j]bf]Qm O{Zj/sf]
cf1fsf] kfng, k/f]ksf/, ;Toefif0fflb–nIf0f ;a} cf>dx¿sf cyf{t\ ;a} dg'iodfqsf] Pp6} g} xf],
k/Gt' ;+Gof;Lsf] ljz]if wd{ of] xf] ls—
b[li6k"t+ Go;]Tkfb+ j:qk"t+ hn+ lka]t\ . ;Tok"tf+ jb]åfr+ dgMk"t+ ;dfr/]t\ ..!..
q'm4ØGt+ g k|ltq'mWo]bfq'mi6M s'zn+ jb]t\ . ;Ktåf/fjsL0ff{+ r g jfrdg[tf+ jb]t\ ..@..
cWofTd/lt/f;Lgf] lg/k]Iff] lg/fldifM . cfTdg}j ;xfo]g ;'vfyL{ ljr/]lbx ..#..
Sn[Kts]zgvZd>'M kfqL b08L s';'Dejfg\ . ljr/]lÌotf] lgTo+ ;j{e"tfGokL8og\ ..$..
OlGb|of0ff+ lg/f]w]g /fuå]ifIfo]0f r . clx+;of r e"tfgfdd[tTjfo sNkt] ..%..
b"liftf]˜lk r/]4d{+ oq tqf>d] /tM . ;dM ;j]{if' e"t]if' g lnË+ wd{sf/0fd\ ..^..
kmn+ stsj[If:o oBKoDa'k|;fbsd\ . g gfdu|x0ffb]j t:o jfl/ k|;Lblt ..&..
k|f0ffofdf a|fXd0f:o qof]˜lk ljlwjTs[tfM . JofÅltk|0fj}o'{Qmf lj1]o+ k/d+ tkM ..*..
bXoGt] Wdfodfgfgf+ wft"gf+ lx oyf dnfM . ty]lGb|of0ff+ bXoGt] bf]iffM k|f0f:o lgu|xft\ ..(..
k|f0ffofd}b{x]2f]iffg\ wf/0ffleZr lslNjifd\ . k|Tofxf/]0f ;+;uf{g\ Wofg]gfgLZj/fg\ u'0ffg\ ..!)..
pRrfjr]if' e"t]if' b'1]{ofds[tfTdleM . Wofgof]u]g ;+kZo]b\ ultd:ofGt/fTdgM ..!!..
clx+;o]lGb|of;Ë}j}{lbs}Zr}j sDd{leM . tk;Zr/0f}Zrf]u|}:;fwoGtLx tTkbd\ ..!@..
obf efj]g ejlt ;j{efj]if' lgM:k[xM . tbf ;'vdjfKgf]lt k|]To r]x r zfZjtd\ ..!#..
rt'le{/lk r}j}t}lg{Todf>ldlelå{h}M . bznIf0fsf] wd{M ;]ljtJoM k|oTgtM ..!$..
w[ltM Ifdf bdf]˜:t]o+ zf}rldlGb|olgu|xM . wLlj{Bf ;Todqmf]wf] bzs+ wd{nIf0fd\ ..!%..
cg]g ljlwgf ;jf{:ToSTjf ;+uf~5g}M zg}M . ;j{åGåljlgd'{Qmf] a|Xd0o]jfjlti7t] ..!^..
—dg':d[lt -cWofo ^÷Znf]s $^, $*, $(, %@, ^), ^^, ^&, &)–&#, &%–*), (!, (@, *!_ ..
ha ;+Gof;L dfu{df lx+8\b5, ta otf–plt gx]/]/, tn k[YjLdf b[li6 /fv]/ lx+8f];\ . ;bf j:qn]
5fg]/ hn lkof];\, lg/Gt/ ;To af]nf];\, ;j{bf dgaf6 ljrf/ u/]/ ;Tosf] u|x0f / c;TonfO{
5f]l8b]cf];\ ..!.. ha sxL+ pkb]z jf ;+jfbflbdf s'g} ;+Gof;Ldfly qmf]w u/] cyjf lgGbf u/], To;dfly
slxNo} klg qmf]w gu/f];\ / ;bf p;nfO{ sNof0fsf] pkb]z g} u/f];\ . d'vdf, b'O{ gfl;sfsf], b'O{
cfFvfsf] / b'O{ sfgsf] l5b|x¿df 5l/P/ /x]sf] jf0fLnfO{, s'g} sf/0fn] klg ldYof slxNo} gaf]nf];\ ..@..
cfˆgf] cfTdf / k/dfTdfdf l:y/, ck]Iff/lxt, dBdf+;flbjlh{t x'Fb} cfTdfs} ;xfob]lv ;'vfyL{ eP/,
o; ;+;f/df wd{ ljBfnfO{ a9fpgdf pkb]zsf] nflu ;bf ljrl//xg' ..#.. s]z, gv, bf/L, h'FufnfO{
5]bg u/f];\, ;'Gb/ kfq, b08 / s';'De cflbn] /lËPsf] j:qx¿nfO{ u|x0f u/]/ lglZrtfTdf, ;a} e"t
-k|f0fL_ x¿nfO{ kL8f glbOsg ;j{q ljr/f];\ ..$.. OlGb|ox¿nfO{ cwdf{r/0fb]lv /f]Sb}, /fu–å]ifnfO{
5f]8\b}, ;a} k|f0fLx¿;Fu lgj}{/ jQ]{/, df]Ifsf] nflu ;fdYo{ a9fpg] u/f];\ ..%.. s;}n] ;+;f/df p;nfO{
b"lift jf e"lift u/] klg h'g s'g} cf>ddf jQ]{sf] k'?if cyf{t\ ;+Gof;L ;a} k|f0fLx¿df kIfkft/lxt
x'Fb}, :jo+ wdf{Tdf / cGox¿nfO{ klg wdf{Tdf agfpg] k|oTg u/f];\ / of] cfˆgf] dgdf lglZrt hfg]/
ls b08, sd08n' / sfiffoj:q cflb lr wf/0f wd{sf] sf/0f xf]Og, ;a} dg'ioflb k|f0fLx¿nfO{
;Tof]kb]z / ljBfbfgn] pÌlt ug'{ ;+Gof;Lsf] d'Vo sd{ xf] ..^.. lsgeg] lgd{nL j[Ifsf] kmnnfO{ lk;]/
cFv/fsf] hndf xfNgfn] hnsf] zf]ws x'G5, tblk lagf gxfln To;sf] gfdsygsf] >j0fdfqn]
cFv/fsf] hn z'4 x'Fb}g ..&.. o;}n] a|fXd0f cyf{t\ a|Xdljt\ ;+Gof;Ln] of] plrt 5 ls cf]Íf/k"j{s
;KtJofÅltx¿n] ljlwk"j{s k|f0ffofd hlt cfˆgf] zlQm x'G5, Tolt u/f];\, k/Gt' tLgb]lv Go"g slxNo}
gu/f];\, oxL ;+Gof;Lsf] k/dtk xf] ..*.. lsgeg] h;/L clUgdf tkfpgfn] / unfpgfn] wft'x¿sf]
dn gi6 x'G5g\, To;/L g} k|f0fx¿sf] lgu|xaf6 dg cflb OlGb|ox¿sf] bf]if klg e:dLe"t x'g
hfG5 ..(.. To;}n] ;+Gof;Lx¿ lgTok|lt k|f0ffofdx¿af6 cfTdf, cGtMs/0f / OlGb|ox¿sf] bf]ifÙ
wf/0ffx¿af6 kfkÙ k|Tofxf/af6 ;Ëbf]ifÙ Wofgaf6 cgLZj/sf u'0fx¿sf] cyf{t\ xif{, zf]s / cljBflb
hLjsf bf]ifx¿nfO{ e:dLe"t u/f];\ ..!).. o;} Wofgof]un] h'g cof]uL cljåfg\x¿sf] b'Mvaf6 hfÌ
of]Uo, ;fgf–7"nf kbfy{x¿df k/dfTdfsf] JoflKt / cfˆgf] cfTdf / cGtof{dL k/d]Zj/sf] ultnfO{
b]vf];\ ..!!.. ;a} e"tx¿b]lv lgj}{/, OlGb|ox¿sf b'i6 ljifox¿sf] Tofu, j]bf]Qm sd{ /
cTo'u|tkZr/0fn] o; ;+;f/df df]Ifkbsf] k"jf]{Qm ;+Gof;Ln] g} l;4 ug{ / u/fpg ;Sb5, cGo s'g}n]
xf]Og ..!@.. ha ;+Gof;L ;a} efjx¿df cyf{t\ kbfy{x¿df lgM:k[x sf+Iff/lxt / ;a} aflx/–leqsf]
Jojxf/x¿df efjn] kljq x'G5, ta g} o; b]xdf / d/]kl5 klg ;'vnfO{ k|fKt ub{5 ..!#.. o;}n]
a|Xdrf/L, u[x:y, jfgk|:y / ;+Gof;Lx¿nfO{ of]Uo 5 ls k|oTgn] bznIf0fo'Qm lgDglnlvt wd{sf]
;]jg lgTo u/f];\ ..!$..
Ps—-w[lt_ cyf{t\ ;bf w}o{ /fVg' . bf];|f]—-Ifdf_ h'g ls lgGbf–:t'lt, dfgf˜kdfg, xflg–nfe
cflb b'Mvx¿df klg ;xgzLn /xg' . t];|f]—-bd_ dgnfO{ ;bf wd{df k|j[Q u/]/ cwd{nfO{ /f]lslbg'
cyf{t\ cwd{ ug]{ OR5f slxNo} klg gp7f];\ . rf}yf]—-c:t]o_ rf]/LTofu cyf{t\ lagf cf1fsf] 5n,
sk6, ljZjf;3ft jf s'g} Jojxf/ tyf j]blj?4 pkb]zaf6 k/kbfy{sf] u|x0f ug'{ …rf]/LÚ / o;nfO{
5f]l8lbg' …;fx'sf/LÚ eGb5g\ . kfFrf}+— -zf}r_ /fuå]if kIfkft 5f]8]/ leq, / hn d[lQsf dfh{g cflbn]
aflx/sf] kljqtf /fvf];\ . 5}6f}+—-OlGb|olgu|x_ cyf{t\ cwdf{r/0fx¿b]lv /f]s]/, OlGb|ox¿nfO{ wd{df g}
;bf rnfcf];\ . ;ftf}+—-wLM_ dfbsb|Jo a'l4gfzs cGo–kbfy{, b'i6x¿sf] ;Ë, cfn:o, k|dfb cflbnfO{
5f]8]/, >]i7 kbfy{x¿sf] ;]jg, ;Tk'?ifx¿sf] ;Ë, of]ufEof;, wdf{r/0f, a|Xdro{ cflb z'esd{x¿af6
a'l4nfO{ a9fcf];\, o;b]lv ljk/Lt ug'{ cljBf xf] . cf7f}+—-ljBf_ k[YjLb]lv lnP/ k/d]Zj/–ko{Gt
oyfy{1fg / ltgaf6 oyfof]Uo pksf/ n]cf];\ . o; eGbf ljk/Lt cljBf xf] . gjf}+— -;To_ h:tf]
cfTdfdf To:t} dgdf, h:tf] dgdf To:t} jf0fLdf / To:t} sd{df jlQ{g' ;To, h:tf] h'g kbfy{ 5
To;nfO{ To:t} ;Demg', af]Ng' / ug'{ klg . tyf bzf}+—-cqmf]w_ qmf]wflb bf]ifx¿nfO{ 5f]8]/, zfGToflb
u'0f u|x0f ug'{ bzf}+ nIf0f wd{sf] xf] . o; bznIf0fo'Qm kIfkft/lxt Gofofr/0f wd{sf] ;]jg rf/}
cf>dsfx¿n] u¿g\ / ljz]if sfd ;+Gof;Lx¿sf] of] xf] ls o;} j]bf]Qm wd{df g} cfk"m rNg' /
c¿nfO{ klg ;DemfP/ rnfpg' ljz]if wd{ xf] ..!%.. o;} k|sf/n] lj:tf/}–lj:tf/} ;a} ;Ëbf]ifx¿nfO{
5f]8]/, xif{zf]sflb ;a} åGåb]lv ljd'Qm eP/, ;+Gof;L a|Xddf g} cjl:yt x'G5 . ;+Gof;Lx¿sf] d'Vo
sd{ oxL g} xf] ls u[x:yflb cf>dx¿nfO{ ;a} k|sf/sf] Jojxf/x¿sf] ;To lgZro u/fP/, cwd{
Jojxf/b]lv 5f]8fP/, ;a} ;+zox¿sf] 5]bg u/]/, ;Towd{o'Qm Jojxf/df k|j[Q u/fcf];\ ..!^..
k|Zg— ;+Gof;u|x0f ug'{ a|fXd0fsf] dfq} wd{ xf] ls Iflqoflbsf] klg <
 pQ/— a|fXd0fsf] dfq} clwsf/ xf], lsgeg] hf] ;a} j0f{x¿df k"0f{ ljåfg\, wfld{s,
k/f]ksf/lk|o dg'io x'G5, To;}sf] gfd …a|fXd0fÚ xf] . lagf k"0f{ljBf, wd{, k/d]Zj/sf] lgi7f / j}/fUon]
;+Gof;–u|x0f ug{df ;+;f/sf] ljz]if, pksf/ x'g ;Sb}g . o;}n] nf]s>'lt 5 ls a|fXd0fnfO{ ;+Gof;sf]
clwsf/ 5, cGonfO{ xf]Og . o;df dg'sf] k|df0f klg 5 ls—
Pif jf]˜lelxtf] wdf]{ a|fXd0f:o rt'lj{wM . k'0of]˜IfokmnM k|]To /fhwd{+ lgaf]wt ..
—dg':d[lt -cWofo ^÷(&_ ..
oxfF dg'dxf/fh eÌ'x'G5 ls x] Clifx¿ xf] Û of] rf/ k|sf/ cyf{t \ a|Xdro{, u[x:y, jfgk|:y /
;+Gof;f>d ug'{ a|fXd0fsf] wd{ xf] . oxfF jt{dfgdf k'0o:j¿k / z/L/ 5f]8] kZrft\ d'lQm¿k cIfo
cfgGbnfO{ lbg] ;+Gof; wd{ g} xf], o;eGbf cufl8 /fhfx¿sf] wd{ ltdLn] daf6 ;'g . o;af6 oxL
l;4 x'G5 ls ;+Gof;u|x0fsf] clwsf/ d'Vo u/]/ a|fXd0fsf] xf], / Iflqoflbsf] a|Xdrof{>d xf] .
k|Zg— ;+Gof; u|x0fsf] cfjZostf s] xf] <
pQ/— h;/L z/L/df lz/sf] cfjZostf 5, To;/L g} cf>dx¿df ;+Gof;f>dsf] cfjZostf
5 . lsgeg] o;sf] lagf ljBf, wd{ slxNo} klg a9\g ;Sb}g / bf];|f cf>dx¿sf] ljBfu|x0f, u[xs[To
/ tkZrof{lbsf] ;DaGw x'gfn] cjsfz yf]/} ldNb5 . kIfkft 5f]8]/ jt{g' bf];|f cf>dx¿df b'is/
5 . h;/L ;+Gof;L ;j{tf]d'Qm eP/ hut\sf] pksf/ ug{ ;Sb5, To;/L cGo cf>dLn] ug{ ;Sb}g .
lsgeg] ;+Gof;LnfO{ hlt cjsfz ;ToljBfaf6 kbfy{x¿sf] lj1fgsf] pÌltdf ldNb5, Tolt cGo
cf>dx¿nfO{ ldNb}g . k/Gt' h'g a|Xdro{n] ;+Gof;L eP/ hut\nfO{ ;TolzIff lbP/ hlt pÌlt ug{
;Sb5, Tolt u[x:y jf jfgk|:y cf>d u/]/ ;+Gof;f>dL ug{ ;Sb}g .
k|Zg— ;+Gof; u|x0f ug'{ O{Zj/sf] clek|fob]lv lj?4 5, lsgeg] O{Zj/sf] clek|fo dg'iosf]
a9tL ug{df g} 5 . ha u[xf>dn] ub}g{ eg] t To;af6 ;Gtfg g} x'Fb}gg\ . olb ;+Gof;f>d g} d'Vo
xf] eg], ;a} dg'ion] u/] eg] t dg'iosf] d"nR5]bg x'ghfg]5 .
pQ/— x]/, ljjfx u/]/ klg sltsf ;Gtfg 5}gg\, cyjf eP/ klg zL3| gi6 eP/ hfG5g\,
k]ml/ Tof] klg t O{Zj/sf] clek|fob]lv lj?4 ug]{ eof] lg . ltdLn] egf}nf ls …oTg] s[t] olb g
l;Wolt sf]˜q bf]ifMÚ of] s'g} sljsf] jrg xf] -k~rtGq, ldqe]b syf $÷Znf]s @!&_ . cy{— h'g
oTg ugf{n] klg sfo{ l;4 gePdf t o;df s;}sf] s] bf]if cyf{t\ bf]if x'Fb]g . xfdLn] ltdL;Fu ;f]W5f}+
ls u[xf>ddf y'k|} ;Gtfg eP/, cfk;df lj?4frf/0f u/]/ n8\b} d/]eg] xflg slt 7"nf] x'G5 <
;lDemg' lj/f]waf6 n8fO{+ y'k|} x'G5 . ha ;+Gof;Ln] Ps j]bf]Qm wd{sf] pkb]zaf6 k/:k/ k|Llt
a9fpg]5 t nfvf}+ dg'ionfO{ arfpF5 . xhf/f}+ u[x:ysf] t'No dg'iosf] a9tL u/fOlbg] 5 . ;a}
dg'ion] ;+Gof;u|x0f ug{ g} ;Sb}gg\, lsgeg] ;a}sf] ljifof;lQm slxNo} klg 5'6\g ;Sb}g . h'g–h'g
;+Gof;Lx¿sf] pkb]zn] wfld{s dg'io x'g]5g\, tL ;a}nfO{ hfÌ' ls ;+Gof;Ls} k'q–t'No x'g\ .
k|Zg— ;+Gof;Lx¿ eGb5g\ ls xfdLnfO{ s'g} st{Jo 5}g . cÌ–j:q lnP/ cfgGbdf /xg',
cljBf¿k ;+;f/df dfyfkRrL lsg ug'{ . cfk"mnfO{ a|Xd dfg]/ ;Gt'i6 /xg', sf]xL cfP/ ;f]w]df
To;nfO{ To:t} pkb]z lbg' ls tF klg a|Xd xf];\ . tFnfO{ kfk–k'0o nfUb}g, lsgeg] zLtf]i0f z/L/,
If'wf–t[i0ff k|f0f, / ;'v–b'Mv dgsf] wd{ xf] . hut\ ldYof xf] / hut\sf] Jojxf/ klg ;a} slNkt
cyf{t\ e'm§f x'g\, To;}n] logdf km:g' a'l4dfgLx¿sf] sfd xf]Og . h]–hlt kfk–k'0o x'G5, Tof] t b]x /
OlGb|ox¿sf] wd{ xf], cfTdfsf] xf]Og, OToflb pkb]z ub{5g\, / tkfO{+n] t c¿ g} ;+Gof;sf] wd{
eÌ'eof] . ca xfdLn] s;nfO{ ;fFrf] dfÌ] .
pQ/— s] ltgLx¿nfO{ /fd|f] sd{ klg st{Jo xf]Og < x]/ Û …j}lbs}Zr}j sd{leMÚ -dg':d[lt
^÷&%_ dg'hLn] …j}lbs sd{Ú, h'g wd{o'Qm ;To–sd{ xf], To;nfO{ ;+Gof;Lx¿n] klg cjZo ug'{kb{5
eg]/ n]Vg'ePsf] 5 . s] ef]hg–5fbgflb sd{ klg ltgLx¿n] 5f8\g ;Sb5g\ / < ha oL sd{ 5'6\b}gg\
eg] t pQd sd{ 5f]8\gfn] ltgLx¿ kltt x'g] 5}gg\ < ha u[x:yx¿af6 cÌ–j:qflb lnG5g\ eg] /
ltgsf] pksf/ ub}{gg\ eg] t s] ltgLx¿ dxfkfkL x'Fb}gg\ < h:t} cfFvfn] x]g'{, sfgn] ;'Ì' gxf];\ t
cfFvf / sfgsf] x'g' Joy{ 5, To;/L g} hf] ;+Gof;L ;Tof]kb]z / j]bflb–;Tozf:qx¿sf] ljrf/–k|rf/
ub}{g eg] t ltgLx¿ klg hut\df Joy}{ ef/¿k x'g\ . k]ml/ cljBf¿kL ;+;f/df dfyfkRrL lsg ug'{
cflb n]Vb5g\ / eGb5g\, To:tf pkb]z ug]{x¿ g} ldYof¿k kfkL / kfknfO{ a9fpg]jfnf x'g\ . h]–
hlt z/L/flbaf6 sd{ ul/G5g\, tL ;a} cfTdfsf] g} / To;sf] kmn ef]Ug]jfnf klg cfTdf g} xf] .
h;n] hLjnfO{ a|Xd atfpF5g\, ltgLx¿ cljBflgb|fdf ;'Tb5g\ . lsgeg] …hLjÚ cNk, cNk1 / …a|XdÚ
;j{Jofks, ;j{1 xf] . a|Xd lgTo–z'4–d'Qm:jefjo'Qm 5, / hLj slxn] a4 slxn] d'Qm /xG5 . a|Xd
;j{Jofks ;j{1 x'gfn] e|d jf cljBf slxNo} x'g ;Sb}g, / hLjnfO{ slxn] ljBf t slxn] cljBf
x'G5 . a|Xd hGdd/0f b'MvnfO{ slxNo} k|fKt ub}{g / hLjn] k|fKt ub{5, To;}n] Tof] pgsf] pkb]z
ldYof xf] .
k|Zg— æ;+Gof;L ;j{sd{ljgfzLÆ / clUg tyf wft'sf] :kz{ ub}{gg\ . of] s'/f] ;fFrf] xf] ls
xf]Og <
pQ/— xf]Og . æ;Doª\ lgTodf:t] ol:dg\ oåf ;Doª\ Go:olGt b'Mvflg sdf{l0f o]g ; ;+Gof;M,
; k|z:tf] ljBt] o:o ; ;+Gof;LÆ h'g a|Xd / p;sf] cf1fdf pklji6 cyf{t\ l:yt / h;df b'i6–
sd{x¿sf] Tofu ul/of];\ Tof] ;+Gof;, Tof] pQd :jefj h;df x'G5, To;nfO{ ;+Gof;L elgG5 . To;}n]
;'sd{sf] stf{ / b'i6–sd{x¿sf] ljgfz ug]{jfnfnfO{ ;+Gof;L eGb5g\ .
k|Zg— cWofkg / pkb]z u[x:yn] ub{5g\, k'gM ;+Gof;Lsf] s] k|of]hg 5 <
pQ/— ;Tof]kb]z ;a} cf>dLn] u¿g\ / ;'g"g\, k/Gt' hlt cjsfz / lgikIfkfttf
;+Gof;LnfO{ x'G5, Tolt u[x:ynfO{ x'Fb}g . xf], hf] a|fXd0f 5g\, ltgsf] oxL sfd xf] ls k'?if
k'?ifx¿nfO{ / :qL :qLx¿nfO{ ;Tof]kb]z k9fpg] u/f];\ . hlt e|d0fsf] cjsfz ;+Gof;LnfO{ ldNb5,
Tolt u[x:y a|fXd0fflbsx¿nfO{ slxNo} klg ldNg ;Sb}g . ha a|fXd0f j]blj?4 cfr/0f ub{5 ta
To;sf] lgoGtf ;+Gof;L g} x'G5 . To;}n] klg ;+Gof;sf] x'g' plrt 5 .
k|Zg— …Ps/flq+ j;]b\ u|fd]Ú [—t'ngf gf/bkl/j|fhsf]klgifb\ pkb]z -$÷!$_] OToflb
jrgx¿af6 ;+Gof;Ln] Psq Ps /flq dfq /xg'Ù clws lgjf; ug'{x'Fb}g .
pQ/— of] s'/f] yf]/} c+zdf t 7Ls} xf] ls Psq jf; ugf{n] hut\sf] pksf/ clws x'g ;Sb}g
/ :yfgfGt/sf] klg cledfg x'g hfG5, /fu–å]if klg clws x'G5, k/Gt' hf] ljz]if pksf/ Psq
/xgfn] x'G5 eg] t e}/xf];\ . h;/L /fhf hgssxfF rf/–rf/ dlxgf;Dd k~rlzvflb / cGo ;+Gof;L
sof}+ jif{;Dd lgjf; ub{y] . k]ml/ …Psq /xg x'Fb}gÚ of] s'/f cfhef]lnsf kfv08L ;Dk|bfoLx¿n]
agfPsf x'g\ . lsgeg] hf] ;+Gof;L Psq clws /Xof] eg] t xfd|f] kfv08 vl08t eP/, clws a9\g
;Sg]5}g .
k|Zg— otLgf+ sf~rg+ bBfQfDa"n+ a|Xdrfl/0ffd\ . rf}/f0ffdeo+ bBft\ ; g/f] g/s+ j|h]t\ ..
—t'ngf [n3' k/fz/ :d[lt -cWofo !÷Znf]s %!_] ..
OToflb jrgx¿sf] clek|fo oxL xf] ls ;+Gof;Lx¿nfO{ h;n] ;'j0f{ bfg lbG5 eg] t
bftfn] g/snfO{ k|fKt ub{5 .
pQ/— of] s'/f] klg j0ff{>dlj/f]wL, ;Dk|bfoL / :jfy{l;Gw'jfn] kf}/fl0fsx¿n] slNkPsf x'g \,
lsgeg] ;+Gof;Lx¿nfO{ wg ldNof] eg] t ltgLx¿n] xfd|f] v08g w]/} ug{ ;Sg]5g\ / xfd|f] xflg x'g]5
tyf ltgLx¿ xfd|f] cfwLg klg /xg] 5}gg\ . ha leIfflb–Jojxf/ xfd|f] cfwLg /x]df t 8/fO
/xg]5g\ . ha d"v{ / :jfyL{nfO{ bfg lbgdf /fd|f] ;DemG5g\ eg] t ljåfg\ / k/f]ksf/L ;+Gof;LnfO{
lbgdf s]xL klg bf]if x'g ;Sb}g, x]/—
ljljwflg r /Tgflg ljljQ]mif"kkfbo]t\ .. —dg':d[lt -cWofo !!÷Znf]s ^_ ..
gfgf k|sf/sf] /Tg ;'j0ff{lb wg -ljljQm_ cyf{t\ ;+Gof;Lx¿nfO{ b]cf];\ . Tof] atfOPsf] Znf]s
klg cgy{s xf] . lsgeg] ;+Gof;LnfO{ ;'j0f{ lbgfn] ohdfg g/sdf hfG5 eg] rfFbL, df]tL, xL/f cflb
lbgfn] :ju{df hfg]5 .
k|Zg— oxfF kl08thLn] o;sf] kf7 af]Ng e'n] . oxfF o:tf] 5 ls …oltx:t] wg+ bBft\Ú cyf{t\
h;n] ;+Gof;Lx¿sf] xftdf wg lbG5, Tof] g/sdf hfG5 .
pQ/— of] klg jrg cljåfg\n] skf]nsNkgfn] /r]sf] xf] . lsgeg] hf] xftdf bfg lbgfn]
bftf g/sdf hfG5 eg] t, wgsf] s'Dnf] kfpdf /flvlbgfn] t :ju{df hfg]5 . To;}n] o:tf] sNkgf
dfÌ of]Uo 5}g . xf], of] s'/f] t xf] ls hf] ;+Gof;Ln] of]uIf]d eGbf clws /fVof] eg] t rf]/flbb]lv
kLl8t / df]lxt klg x'g]5 . k/Gt' hf] ljåfg\ x'G5, To;n] co'Qm Jojxf/ klg ub}{g, g t df]xdf
km:b5 g}, lsgeg] Tof] k|yd u[xf>ddf cyjf a|xdro{df ;a} yf]s ef]u]/ cfPsf] cyjf b]lv;s]sf]
x'G5 / h'g a|Xdro{n] o'Qm x'G5, Tof] k"0f{ j}/fUoo'Qm x'gfn] sxL+ klg km:b}g .
k|Zg— dfG5]x¿ eGb5g\ ls >f4df ;+Gof;L cfof] eg] jf lhpgf/ u/fof] eg] t p;sf lkt[
efUb5g\ / g/sdf lub{5g\ .
 pQ/— k|yd t d/]sf lkt[x¿ cfpg' / ul/Psf] >f4 d/]sf lkt[x¿nfO{ k'Ug' g} c;Dej 5,
of] s'/f] j]b / o'lQmlj?4 x'gfn] ldYof xf] . k]ml/ ha cfpFb}gg\ eg] t efUg' aGb} aGb}g, ha cfˆgf]
kfk–k'0osf] cg';f/ O{Zj/sf] Joj:yfn] d/0fsf] kZrft\ hLjn] hGd lnG5 eg] pm s;/L cfpg
;Sb5 / < To;}n] of] ;a} s'/f] k]6fyL{, k'/f0fL / j}/fuLx¿sf] ldYof sNkgf xf] . xf], of] t 7Ls xf] ls
hxfF ;+Gof;L hfG5g\, ToxfF d[t–>f4 ug'{ j]bflb–zf:qb]lv lj?4 x'gfn] kfv08 b"/ x'g]5 .
k|Zg—h;n] a|Xdro{af6 ;+Gof; lnG5, To;sf] lgjf{x sl7gtfn] x'G5 / sfdnfO{ /f]Sg' klg
clt sl7gtf 5, To;}n] u[xf>d, jfgk|:y eP/ ha j[4 x'G5, ta g} ;+Gof; lng' /fd|f] x'G5 .
pQ/— h;n] lgjf{x ug{ ;Sb}g, OlGb|ox¿nfO{ /f]Sg ;Sb}g, To;n] a|Xdro{af6 ;+Gof;
gn]cf];\Ù k/Gt' h;n] /f]Sg ;Sb5 To;n] lsg gn]cf];\ < h'g k'?ifn] ljifosf] bf]if / jLo{;+/Ifsf]
u'0fnfO{ hfg]sf] 5, Tof] ljifof;Qm slxNo} klg x'g ;Sb}g, / To;sf] jLo{ ljrf/flUgsf] OGwgjt\ x'G5,
cyf{t\ To;}df Joo x'g hfG5 . h;/L j}B / cf}iflwx¿sf] cfjZostf /f]uLsf] nflu xf], gL/f]uLx¿sf]
nflu xf]Og . To;/L g} h'g k'?if jf :qLnfO{ ljBf, wd{j[l4 / ;a} ;+;f/sf] pksf/ ug'{ g} k|of]hg 5
eg], To;n] ljjfx gu/f];\ . h;/L k~rlzvflb k'?if / ufuL{ cflb :qLx¿ ePsf lyP . To;}n]
;Gof;Lsf] x'g' clwsf/Lx¿sf] nflu /fd|f] xf] . k]ml/ hf] cglwsf/Ln] ;+Gof; u|x0f ub{5 eg] cfk"m klg
8'Ab5 / c¿nfO{ klg 8'afpF5 . h;/L …;d|f6\Ú ;jf]{kl/ rqmjtL{ /fhf x'G5, To;/L g} …kl/j|f6\Ú
;+Gof;L x'G5 . k|To't /fhf cfˆgf] b]z jf ;DaGwLx¿df ;Tsf/ kfpF5, / ;+Gof;L ;j{q k"lht x'G5 .
ljåŒj+ r g[kTj+ r g}j t'No+ sbfrg . :jb]z] k"Hot] /fhf ljåfg\ ;j{q k"Hot] ..
—of] rf0fSoztssf] Znf]s xf] ..
ljåfg\ / /fhf slxNo} t'No x'Fb}gg\ . lsgeg] /fhfn] cfˆgf] b]zdf dfq} dfg kfpF5 / ljåfg\sf]
;j{q k|lti7f x'G5 .. To;}n] ljBf k9\g], ;'lzIff lng] / anjfg\ x'g] cflbsf] nflu a|Xdro{Ù ;a}
k|sf/sf] pQd Jojxf/ l;4 ug]{ cy{df u[x:yÙ ljrf/, Wofg / 1fg a9fpg], / tkZrof{ ug{ sf] nflu
jfgk|:yÙ / j]bflb–;Tozf:qx¿sf] k|rf/, wd{–Jojxf/sf] u|x0f / b'i6–Jojxf/sf] Tofu, ;Tof]kb]z /
;a}nfO{ lgM;Gb]x ug{sf] nflu ;+Gof;–cf>d xf] . k/Gt' h;n] o; ;+Gof;sf] d'Vo–wd{ ;Tof]kb]zflb
ub}{gg\, ltgLx¿ kltt / g/sufdL x'g\ . To;}n] ;+Gof;Lx¿nfO{ of] plrt 5 ls ;bf ;Tof]kb]z,
zÍf;dfwfg, j]bflb–;Tozf:qx¿sf] cWofkg / j]bf]Qm wd{sf] j[l4df k|oTg u/]/ ;a} ;+;f/sf] pÌlt
ug]{ u/f];\ .
k|Zg— hf] ;+Gof;Lb]lv cGo ;fw', j}/fuL, u';fO{+ cflb 5g\, ltgLx¿nfO{ klg ;+Gof;f>ddf
ulgG5 ls ulg+b}g <
pQ/— ulg+b}g, lsgeg] ltgLx¿df ;+Gof;sf] nIf0f 5}g . ltgLx¿ j]blj?4 dfu{df k|j[Q
eP/ j]b eGbf cfˆgf ;Dk|bfosf cfrfo{x¿sf] jrgnfO{ dfGb5g\ / cfˆg} dtsf] k|z+;f ub{5g\,
ldYof k|k~rdf km;]/ cfˆgf] :jfy{sf] nflu bf];|fnfO{ cfˆgf]–cfˆgf] dtdf km;fpF5g\ . ;'wf/ ug'{ t
6f9f, To;sf] abnfdf ;+;f/nfO{ axsfP/ cwf]ultnfO{ k|fKt / cfˆgf] k|of]hg ;fFW5g\, To;}n] lognfO{
;+Gof;f>ddf ulg+b}g . lsGt' oL :jfyf{>dL t kSs} x'g\, o;df s'g} ;Gb]x 5}g .
;+Gof;L cfk"m wd{df rNb5 / ;a} ;+;f/nfO{ rnfpF5, h;af6 ltdL / ;a} ;+;f/ cyf{t\ o;
hGd k/nf]s cyf{t\ k/hGddf :ju{ cyf{t\ ;'vsf] ef]u ug]{ u/f];\ . of] ;+Gof;sf] lzIff ;+If]kdf
n]lvof] / o; eGbf cufl8 /fhfk|hfwd{sf] af/]df n]Vg] 5' .
Olt >Ld2ofgGb;/:jtL:jflds[t] ;Tofy{k|sfz]
;'efifflje"lift] jfgk|:y;+Gof;f>dljifo]
k~rdM ;d'Nnf;M ;Dk"0f{M ..%..

 -^_ 5}6f}+ ;d'Nnf;
/fhf / k|hfsf] wd{ Pj+ st{Josf] ljifodf j0f{g
/fhwd{sf] ljifo -^=!_
/fhwdf{g\ k|jIofld oyfj[Qf] ej]Ì[kM . ;+ejZr oyf t:o l;l4Zr k/df oyf ..!..
a|fXd+ k|fKt]g ;+:sf/+ Iflqo]0f oyfljlw . ;j{:of:o oyfGofo+ sQ{Jo+ kl//If0fd\ ..@..
—dg':d[lt -cWofo &÷Znf]s !–@_ ..
ca dg'hL Clifx¿;Fu eÌ'x'G5 ls rf/} j0f{ / rf/} cf>dsf] Jojxf/ sygsf] kZrft\
/fhwd{x¿nfO{ atfpg]5' ls h'g k|sf/n] /fhf x'g'kb{5, / h;/L of] x'g ;Dej 5 tyf h;/L o;n]
k/dl;4 k|fKt u/f];\, Tof] ;a} k|sf/n] atfpF5' ..!.. ls h;/L k/d ljåfg\ a|fXd0f x'G5, To;/L g}
ljåfg\ ;'lzlIft eP/ Iflqosf] of]Uo xf] ls o; ;a} /fHosf] /Iff Gofoaf6 oyfjt\ u/f];\ ..@.. s;/L
ug{ ;Sb5—
ÇIi[? rajana iv/dwe? pu/êi[/ pir/ ivña?in -U;w/> sd<a?is,
—CUj]b -d08n #÷;"Qm #*÷dGq ^_ ..
O{Zj/n] pkb]z ub{5 ls -/fhfgf_ /fhf / k|hfsf k'?ifx¿ ldn]/ -ljby]_ ;'v k|flKt /
lj1fgj[l4sf/s /fhf–k|hfsf] ;DaGw¿k Jojxf/df -qLl0f ;bf+l;_ tLg ;ef cyf{t\ ljBføo{;ef,
wdf{øo{;ef / /fhføo{;ef lgot u/]/ -k'¿l0f_ w]/} k|sf/sf] -ljZjflg_ ;du| k|hf;DaGwL dg'ioflb
k|f0fLx¿sf] -kl/e"ifyM_ ;a}lt/af6 ljBf, :jftGœo, wd{, ;'lzIff / wgflbn] cn+s[t u/f];\ .
tLg ;efsf] af/]df syg -^=@_
t< s/-a c/ sim?ití/ sena? c/ .1. —cyj{j]b -sf08 !%÷cg'jfs @÷j=(÷dGq @_ ..
s_y?> s/-a< me? paih/ ye c/? s_ya?> s-a/sd?> .2.
—cyj{j]b -sf08 !(÷cg'jfs &÷j=%%÷dGq %_ ..
-td\_ To; /fhwd{sf] -;ef r_ tLg} ;ef -;ldltZr_ ;+u|fdflbsf] Joj:yf, / -;]gf r_ ;]gf
ldn]/ kfng u/f];\ ..!.. ;ef;b\ / /fhfnfO{ of]Uo xf] ls /fhfn] ;a} ;ef;b\nfO{ cf1f b]cf];\ ls— x]
-;Eo_ ;efsf of]Uo d'Vo ;ef;b\ Û t}+n] -d]_ d]/f] -;efd\_ ;efsf] wd{o'Qm Joj:yfsf] -kflx_ /Iff u/\,
/ -o] r_ hf] -;EofM_ ;efsf] of]Uo -;ef;bM_ ;ef;b\ 5g\, ltgLx¿n] klg ;efsf] Joj:yfsf] kfng
u¿g\ ..@.. o;sf] clek|fo of] xf] ls Pp6fnfO{ :jtGq /fHosf] clwsf/ lbg x'Fb}g lsGt' /fhf hf]
;efklt tbwLg ;ef, ;efwLg /fhf, /fhf / ;ef k|hfsf] cfwLg, / k|hf /fh;efsf] cfwLgdf
/xf];\ . olb o:tf] u/]gf} eg] t—
/fi6«d]j ljZofxlGt t:dfb|fi6«L ljz+ 3ft'sM .
ljzd]j /fi6«fofBf+ t:dfb|fi6«L ljzdlQ g k'i6+ kz'+ dGot Olt ..
—ztky a|fXd0f [sf+= !#÷k|kf= @÷a|f= #÷s= -&–*_] ..
hf] k|hfb]lv :jtGq :jfwLg /fhju{ /x] eg] t /fhk'?if -/fi6«d]j ljZofxlGt_ /fHodf k|j]z
u/]/ k|hfsf] gfz ug]{ ub{5 . h; sf/0fn] PSn} /fhf :jfwLg jf pGdQ eP/ -/fi6«L ljz+ 3ft'sM_
k|hfsf] gfzs x'G5, cyf{t\ …ljzd]j /fi6«fofBf+ s/f]ltÚ To; /fhfn] k|hfnfO{ vfOlbG5 ub{5 -cToGt
kL8f lbG5_, To;}n] s'g} PsnfO{ /fHodf :jfwLg ug{ x'Fb}g . h;/L— l;+x jf df+;fxf/Ln] k'i6 kz'nfO{
df/]/ vfG5, To;/L g} -/fi6«L ljzdlQ_ :jtGq /fhfn] k|hfsf] gfz ub{5, cyf{t\ s;}nfO{ cfk"m eGbf
clws cyjf dfly hfg lb+b}g, >Ldfg\nfO{ n'6]/, cf/f]k nufP/ cGofon] b08 lb+b} cfˆgf] k|of]hg l;4
ub{5 . To;}n— ]
/fhf Pj+ ;efkltsf] nIf0fx¿ -^=#_
#NÔae? jyait/ n pra? jyata Aixra/jae raj?su rajyatE ,

c/kR&Ty/ $f(ae/ vN*?íaep/s*ae? nm/Syae -ve/h .

—cyj{j]b -sf08 ^÷cg'jfs !)÷j=(*÷dGq !_ ..

 x] dg'iox¿ xf] Û hf] -Ox_ dg'iosf] ;d'bfodf -OGb|M_ k/d P]Zjo{sf stf{, zq'x¿nfO{ -hoflt_
lhTg ;sf];\ -g k/fhoft}_ hf] zq'x¿b]lv k/flht x'Fb}g -/fh;'_ /fhfx¿df -clw/fhM_ ;jf]{kl/
lj/fhdfg -/fhoft}_ k|sfzdfg xf];\ -rs[{ToM_ ;efklt x'gsf] nflu cToGt of]Uo -O{8ØM_ k|z+;gLo
u'0f–sd{–:jefjo'Qm -jGBM_ ;Ts/0fLo -rf]k;BM_ ;dLk hfg / z/0f lng of]Uo -gd:oM_ ;a}sf
dfggLo -ej_ xf]cf];\, To;}nfO{ ;efklt /fhfn] agfcf];\ .
#/m< de?va=Asp/Tnœ su?vXv< mh/te ]/Çay? mh/te JyE:Q(a?y mh/te jan?raJya/yeNÔ?Sye/i/N/Ô/yay?0 .
—oh'j]{b -cWofo (÷dGq $)_ ..
x] -b]jfM_ ljåfg\x¿ Û /fhfk|hfhgx¿ Û ltdL -Odd\_ o; k|sf/sf k'?ifx¿nfO{ -dxt] Ifqfo_
7"nf] rqmjtL{ /fHo -dxt] Ho}i7fo_ ;a} eGbf 7"nf] x'g -dxt] hfg/fHofo_ 7"nf–7"nf ljåfg\x¿n] o'Qm
/fHo kfng, / -OGb|:o]lGb|ofo_ k/d P]Zjo{o'Qm /fHo / wgsf] kfngsf] nflu -c;kTgœ;'jWjd\_
;Ddlt u/]/ ;j{q kIfkft/lxt, k"0f{ljBf–ljgoo'Qm, ;a}sf] ldq ;efklt /fhfnfO{ ;jf{wLz dfg]/ ;a
e"uf]nnfO{ zq'/lxt agfcf] . k]ml/—
iSw/ra v?> s/NTvay?uxa pra/[ude? vI/¦U %/t à?it/:k-e? ,

yu/:mak?mStu/ tiv?;/I pnI?ysI/ ma mTYRa?Sy ma/iyn?> .

—CUj]b -d08n !÷;"Qm #(÷dGq @_ ..
O{Zj/n] pkb]z ub{5 ls x] /fh k'?ifx¿ xf] Û -jM_ ltd|f] -cfo'wf_ cfUg]oflb c:q …zt£gLÚ
tf]k, …e'z'08LÚ aGb"s, wg'if–af0f, …cl;Ú tnjf/ cflb z:qÙ zq'x¿sf] -k/f0f'b]_ k/fho ug{ -pt
k|ltise]_ / /f]Sgsf] nflu -jLn"_ k|z+l;t / -l:y/f_ b[9 -;Gt'_ ag"g\ -o'idfsd\_ / ltd|f] -tljifL_ ;]gf
-kgLo;L_ k|z+;gLo -c:t'_ x'Fb} h;af6 ltdL ;bf ljhoL e}/fv, k/Gt' -df dTo{:o dflogM_ h;n]
lglGbt cGofo¿kL sfd ub{5, To;sf] nflu k"j{ rLhx¿ gx"g\ . cyf{t\ ha;Dd dg'io wfld{s
/xG5g\, ta;Dd /fHo klg a9\b}/fVb5 / ha b'i6frf/L x'G5g\ ta gi6–e|i6 x'ghfG5 .
dxfljåfg\x¿nfO{ ljBf;ef˜lwsf/L, wfld{s ljåfg\x¿nfO{ wd{;efsf clwi7ftf / k|z+;gLo wfld{s
k'?ifx¿nfO{ /fh;efsf ;ef;b\ / ;a}sf] aLrdf hf] pQd k'?if x'G5, To;nfO{ /fhf ;efsf]
klt¿kdf dfg]/ ;a} k|sf/af6 pÌlt u¿g\ . tLg} ;efx¿sf] ;Ddltn] /fhgLltsf] pQd lgod /
lgodx¿sf] cfwLg ;a}hgf rn"g\, ;a}sf] lxtsf/s sfdx¿df ;Ddlt u/f];\ . ;j{lxt ug{sf] nflu
k/tGq / wd{o'Qm sfdx¿df h'g–h'g lghsf] sfd xf];\, To;–To;df :jtGq /xf];\ .
k'gM To; ;efkltsf] u'0f s:tf] xf];\—
OGb|f˜lgnodfsf{0ffdUg]Zr j?0f:o r . rGb|ljQ]zof]Zr}j dfqf lgÅ{To zfZjtLM ..!..
tkToflbTojRr}if rIf"+lif r dgf+l; r . g r}g+ e'lj zSgf]lt slZrbKolejLlIft'd\ ..@..
;f]˜lUge{jlt jfo'Zr ;f]˜s{M ;f]dM ; wd{/f6\ . ; s'a]/M ; j?0fM ; dx]Gb|M k|efjtM ..#..
—dg':d[lt -cWofo &÷Znf]s $, ^, &_ ..
Tof] ;e]z /fhf …OGb|Ú ljB't\sf] t'No zL3| P]Zjo{stf{, …jfo'Ú sf] ;dfg ;a}sf] k|f0fjt\ lk|o /
Åbosf] s'/fnfO{ hfÌ], …odÚ kIfkft/lxt–GofofwLzsf] ;dfg rNg]jfnf, …;"o{Ú sf] ;dfg Gofo, wd{,
ljBfsf] k|sfzs, cGwsf/ cyf{t\ cljBf–cGofosf] lg/f]ws, …clUgÚ sf] ;dfg b'i6nfO{ e:d ug]{jfnf,
…j?0fÚ cyf{t\ afFWg]jfnfs} ;b[z b'i6x¿nfO{ cg]s k|sf/af6 afFWg]jfnf, …rGb|Ú s} t'No >]i7–
k'?ifx¿sf] cfgGbbftf, …wgfWoIfÚ s} ;dfg sf]z¿nfO{ k"0f{ u/fpg]jfnf ;efklt xf]cf];\ ..!.. hf]
;"o{jt\ k|tfkL ;a}sf] afXo / leq dgnfO{ cfˆgf] t]hn] tkfpg]jfnf, h;nfO{ k[YjLdf s8f gh/n]
x]g{sf] nflu sf]xL klg ;dy{ gxf]cf];\ ..@.. / hf] cfˆgf] k|efjn] clUg, jfo', ;"o{, ;f]d, wd{k|sfzs,
wgj4{s, b'i6x¿sf] aGwgstf{, a8f] P]Zjo{zfnL xf]cf];\, ToxL …;efWoIfÚ …;e]zÚ agf];\ ..#..
b08sf] af/]df JofVof -^=$_
;fFrf] /fh s'g xf]—
; /fhf k'?iff] b08M ; g]tf zfl;tf r ;M . rt'0ff{df>df0ff+ r wd{:o k|lte"M :d[tM ..!..
b08M zfl:t k|hfM ;jf{ b08 Pjfle/Iflt . b08M ;'Kt]if' hfult{ b08+ wd{+ ljb'a'{wfM ..@..
;dLIo ; w[tM ;Dos\ ;jf{ /~holt k|hfM . c;dLIo k|0fLt:t' ljgfzolt ;j{tM ..#..
b'io]o'M ;j{j0ff{Zr leB]/G;j{;]tjM . ;j{nf]sk|sf]kZr ej]208:o lje|dft\ ..$..
 oq Zofdf] nf]lxtfIff] b08Zr/lt kfkxf . k|hf:tq g d'XolGt g]tf r]T;fw' kZolt ..%..
t:ofx'M ;+k|0f]tf/+ /fhfg+ ;Tojflbgd\ . ;dLIosfl/0f+ k|f1+ wd{sfdfy{sf]ljbd\ ..^..
t+ /fhf k|0foG;Dos\ lqju]{0fflej4{t] . sfdfTdf ljifdM If'b|f] b08]g}j lgxGot] ..&..
b08f] lx ;'dxQ]hf] b'w{/Zrfs[tfTdleM . wdf{lårlnt+ xlGt g[kd]j ;afGwjd\ ..*..
;f]˜;xfo]g d"9]g n'Aw]gfs[ta'l4gf . g zSof] Gofotf] g]t'+ ;Q]mg ljifo]if' r ..(..
z'lrgf ;To;Gw]g oyfzf:qfg';fl/0ff . k|0f]t'+ zSot] b08M ;';xfo]g wLdtf ..!)..
—dg':d[lt -cWofo &÷Znf]s !&–!(, @$–@*, #)–#!_ ..
h'g b08 xf] ToxL k'?if, /fhf, ToxL Gofosf] k|rf/stf{, / ;a}sf] zf;gstf{, ToxL rf/ j0f{ /
rf/} cf>dsf] wd{sf] …k|lte"Ú cyf{t\ hdfgt xf] ..!.. ToxL k|hfsf] zf;gstf{, ;a} k|hfsf] /Ifs,
;'lt/fv]sf k|hf:y dg'iox¿df hfUb5, To;}n] a'l4dfgLx¿ b08nfO{ g} wd{ eGb5g\ ..@.. h'g b08
/fd|f] ljrf/;Fu wf/0f ul/of] eg] t To;n] ;a} k|hfnfO{ cfglGbt t'NofpF5 / olb lagf ljrf/ u/]/
rnfOof] eg] t ;a}lt/af6 /fhfsf] ljgfz ub{5 ..#.. lagf b08n] ;a} j0f{ b"lift / ;a} dof{bf l5Ì–
leÌ x'g hfG5 . b08sf] oyfjt\ Joj:yf gx'gfn] ;a}hgx¿df k|sf]k a9\g]5 ..$.. hxfF s[i0fj0f{
/Qmg]q eoÍ/ k'?ifsf] ;dfg kfknfO{ gfz ug]{jfnf b08 ljrb{5, ToxfF k|hf df]xnfO{ k|fKt geP/
cfglGbt x'G5g\, k/Gt' b08nfO{ rnfpg]jfnf kIfkft/lxt ljåfg\ x'G5 eg] dfq ..%.. hf] To; b08nfO{
rnfpg]jfnf ;TojfbLÙ ljrf/sÙ a'l4dfg\Ù wd{, cy{ / sfdsf] l;l4 ug{df kl08t /fhf 5 eg], ToxL
g} To; b08nfO{ rnfpg]jfnf ljåfg\x¿ eGb5g\ ..^.. h'g b08nfO{ /fd|f] k|sf/;Fu /fhfn] rnfpF5Ù
Tof] wd{, cy{ / sfdsf] l;l4n] a9\b5Ù / hf] ljifodf nDk6, 6]9f], O{iof{ ug]{, If'b|, gLra'l4 GofofwLz,
/fhf x'G5Ù Tof] b08n] g} dfl/G5 ..&.. ha b08 a8f] t]hf]do x'G5 eg], To;nfO{ cljåfg\, cwdf{Tdfn]
wf/0f ug{ ;Sb}g, ta Tof] b08n] wd{b]lv /lxt s'6'Da;lxt /fhfsf] g} gfz ul/lbG5 ..*.. lsgeg] hf]
cfKt k'?ifx¿sf nflu ;xfo, ljBf, ;'lzIffb]lv /lxt, ljifodf cf;Qm d"9 x'G5Ù Tof] Gofon] b08nfO{
rnfpgdf ;dy{ slxNo} klg x'g ;Sb}g ..(.. / hf] kljq cfTdf, ;Tofrf/ / ;Tk'?ifx¿sf] ;ËL,
oyfjt\ gLltzf:qsf] cg's"n rNg]jfnf, >]i7 k'?ifx¿sf nflu ;xfotfn] o'Qm a'l4dfg\ x'G5, ToxL g}
Gofo¿kL b08nfO{ rnfpgdf ;dy{ x'G5 ..!).. To;}n]—
/fhfsf] st{Jo -^=%_
;}GofkTo+ r /fHo+ r b08g]t[Tjd]j r . ;j{nf]sflwkTo+ r j]bzf:qljbx{lt ..!..
bzfj/f jf kl/ifB+ wd{+ kl/sNko]t\ . œoj/f jflk j[Q:yf t+ wd{+ g ljrfno]t\ ..@..
q}ljBf] x}t's:tsL{ g}?Qmf] wd{kf7sM . qoZrf>ld0fM k"j]{ kl/ifT:of2zfj/f ..#..
CUj]bljBh'lj{Rr ;fdj]bljb]j r . œoj/f kl/ifH1]of wd{;+zolg0f{o] ..$..
Psf]˜lk j]blj4d{+ o+ Joj:o]b\ låhf]QdM . ; lj1]oM k/f] wdf]{ gf1fgfd'lbtf]˜o't}M ..%..
cj|tfgfddGqf0ff+ hfltdfqf]khLljgfd\ . ;x;|zM ;d]tfgf+ kl/ifŒj+ g ljBt] ..^..
o+ jblGt tdf]e"tf d"vf{ wd{dtlåbM . tTkfk+ ztwf e"Tjf tåStögg'uR5lt ..&..
—dg':d[lt -cWofo !@÷Znf]s !)), !!)–!!%_ ..
;a} ;]gf, / ;]gfkltx¿sf] dfly /fHoflwsf/, b08 lbg] Joj:yfsf] ;a} sfo{x¿sf] cflwkTo, /
;a}dfly jt{dfg ;jf{wLz /fhflwsf/, oL rf/} clwsf/Lx¿df ;Dk"0f{ j]b–zf:qx¿df k|jL0f, k"0f{
ljBfjfnf, wdf{Tdf, lht]lGb|o, ;'zLn hgx¿nfO{ :yflkt ug'{kb{5 . cyf{t\ d'Vo ;]gfklt, d'Vo
/fHoflwsf/L, d'Vo GofofwLz, k|wfg / /fhf oL rf/ ;a} ljBfdf k"0f{ ljåfg\ x'g'kb{5 ..!.. Go"g eGbf
Go"g bz ljåfg\x¿ cyjf Psbd} Go"g 5 eg] tLg ljåfg\x¿sf] ;efh:tf] Joj:yf u/f];\, To; …wd{Ú
cyjf Jojyfsf] s;}n] klg pNn‹g gu/f];\ ..@.. o; ;efdf rf/} j]b, Gofozf:q, lg?Qm, wd{zf:q
cflbsf] j]Qf ljåfg\ ;ef;b xf];\ k/Gt' Tof] a|Xdrf/L, u[x:y / jfgk|:y xf];\ ta Tof] ;ef ls h;df
bz ljåfg\x¿ eGbf Go"g x'g'x'Fb}g ..#.. / h'g ;efdf CUj]b, oh'j]{b, ;fdj]bnfO{ hfÌ] tLg ;ef;bsf]
Joj:yf u/f];\, To; ;efdf ul/Psf] Joj:yfnfO{ klg s;}n] pNn‹g gu/f];\ ..$.. olb Pp6f PSn}
;a} j]bx¿nfO{ hfÌ] låhx¿df pQd ;+Gof;Ln] h'g wd{sf] Joj:yf ub{5, ToxL >]i7 wd{ xf], lsgeg]
c1fgLx¿n] xhf/f}+ nfvf}+ / s/f]8f}+ ldn]/ klg h'g Joj:yf ub{5g\, To;nfO{ slxNo} klg dfÌ
x'Fb}g ..%.. hf] a|Xdro{–;Toefif0fflb j|t, j]bljBf jf ljrf/b]lv /lxt, hGddfqn] z"b|jt\ jt{dfg 5g\
eg] To:tf xhf/f}+ dg'io ldn]/ klg ;ef elg+b}g ..^.. cljBfo'Qm d"v{, j]bnfO{ ghfÌ] dg'ion] h'g
wd{nfO{ eGb5, To;nfO{ slxNo} klg dfÌ x'Fb}g . lsgeg] hf] d"v{n] atfPsf] wd{df rNb5g\ eg] t,
ltgsf] k5fl8 ;os8f}+ k|sf/sf] kfk nfUb5 ..&.. To;}n] tLg} cyf{t\ ljBf;ef, wd{;ef /
/fh;efx¿df d"v{nfO{ slxNo} klg etL{ ug{ x'Fb}g . lsGt' ;bf ljåfg\ / wfld{s k'?ifx¿sf] :yfkg
u/f];\ . / ca ;a} dfG5]x¿ o:tf x'g'kb{5—
cÝfx| Jo;gx¿sf] lgif]w -^=^_
q}ljB]Eo:qoL+ ljBf+ b08gLlt+ r zfZjtLd\ . cfGjLlIfsL+ rfTdljBf+ jfQf{/DefFZr nf]stM ..!..
OlGb|of0ff+ ho] of]u+ ;dlti7]l2jflgzd\ . lht]lGb|of] lx zSgf]lt jz] :yfklot'+ k|hfM ..@..
bz sfd;d'Tyflg tyfi6f} qmf]whflg r . Jo;gflg b'/Gtflg k|oTg]g ljjh{o]t\ ..#..
sfdh]if' k|;Qmf] lx Jo;g]if' dxLkltM . ljo'Hot]˜y{wdf{Eof+ qmf]wh]ijfTdg}j t' ..$..
d[uofIff] lbjf:jKgM kl/jfbM l:qof] dbM . tf}øo{lqs+ j[yf6Øf r sfdhf] bzsf] u0fM ..%..
k}z'Go+ ;fx;+ b|f]x O{iof{;"ofy{b"if0fd\ . jfUb08h+ r kf?io+ qmf]whf]˜lk u0ff]˜i6sM ..^..
åof]/Ko]tof]d"{n+ o+ ;j]{ sjof] ljb'M . t+ oTg]g ho]Nnf]e+ tHhfj]tfj'ef} u0ff} ..&..
kfgdIffM l:qoZr}j d[uof r oyfqmdd\ . PtTsi6td+ ljBfRrt'is+ sfdh] u0f] ..*..
b08:o kftg+ r}j jfSkf?iofy{b"if0f] . qmf]wh]˜lk u0f] ljBfTsi6d]tlTqs+ ;bf ..(..
;Kts:of:o ju{:o ;j{q}jfg'iflË0fM . k"j{+ k"j{+ u'?t/+ ljBfåØ;gdfTdjfg\ ..!)..
Jo;g:o r d[Tof]Zr Jo;g+ si6d'Rot] . Jo;Gowf]˜wf] j|hlt :jof{ToJo;gL d[tM ..!!..
—dg':d[lt -cWofo &÷Znf]s $#–%#_ ..
/fhf / /fh;efsf ;ef;b ta x'g;Sb5g\ ls ha rf/} j]bx¿sf] sdf]{kf;gf–1fg–ljBfnfO{
hfÌ]x¿df tLg} ljBf, ;gftg b08gLlt, GofoljBf, cfTdljBf cyf{t\ k/dfTdfsf] u'0f–sd{–:jefj–
:j¿knfO{ oyfjt\ hfÌ]¿k a|XdljBf / nf]sx¿;Fu jftf{x¿sf] cf/De ug'{ / ;f]Wg' clg l;s]/ dfq
;ef;b jf ;efklt x'g ;Sb5 ..!.. ;a} ;ef;b / ;efklt OlGb|onfO{ lhTg] cyf{t\ cfˆgf] jzdf
/fv]/ ;bf wd{df jQf{];\ / cwd{b]lv x6f];\–x6fcf];\, To;n] /ft–lbg lgot ;dodf of]ufEof; klg
ub}{/fvf];\, lsgeg] hf] lht]lGb|osf] cfˆgf] OlGb|o dg, k|f0f / z/L/ k|hf xf], o;nfO{ lht] lagf
aflx/sf k|hfnfO{ cfˆgf] jzdf :yfkg ug{sf] nflu ;dy{ slxNo} klg x'g ;Sb}g ..@.. b[9f]T;fxL eP/
sfdn] bz / qmf]wn] cf7 Jo;gdf km;]sf] dg'io sl7gtfn] lgSng ;Sb5, ltgnfO{ k|oTgn]
5f]l8b]cf];\ ..#.. lsgeg] hf] /fhf sfdaf6 pTkÌ ePsf] bz b'i6 Jo;gx¿df km:b5, Tof] cy{ cyf{t\
/fHo, wgflb / wd{b]lv /lxt x'g hfG5 . / hf] qmf]waf6 pTkÌ ePsf cf7 g/fd|f Jo;gx¿df
km:b5, Tof] t z/L/b]lv klg /lxt x'g hfG5 ..$.. sfdaf6 pTkÌ x'g] Jo;g— d[uof -lzsf/_ ug'{,
rf};/ v]Ng', h"jf v]Ng', lbgdf ;'Tg'Ù sfdsyf jf csf{sf] lgGbf ug]{ ug'{Ù :qLnDk6 x'g', dfbsb|Jo
dB, clkmd, efFu, ufFhf cflbsf] ;]jg ug'{Ù ufpg', ahfpg', gfRg' jf grfpg' jf ;'Ì' / x]g'{, j[yfdf
otf–ptf 3'ld/fVg' oL bz sfdf]TkÌ Jo;g x'g\ ..%.. qmf]waf6 pTkÌ x'g] Jo;g— …k}z'God\Ú cyf{t\
r'UnLvf]/L ug'{Ù lagf ljrf/] anTsf/ s;}sL :qL;Fu s'sd{df nfUg'Ù b|f]x /fVg'Ù …O{iof{Ú cyf{t\ csf{sf]
pÌlt b]v]/–;'g]/ 8fx ug'{ / leqleq} hNg', …c;"ofÚ bf]ifx¿df u'0f nufpg' / u'0fdf bf]iff/f]k0f ug'{Ù
…cy{b"if0fÚ cyf{t\ cwd{o'Qm g/fd|f sfddf wgflbsf] Joo ug'{Ù s7f]/ jrg af]Ng' / lagf ck/fw s8f
jf clws b08 lbg'Ù o:tf cf7 b'u'{0f qmf]waf6 pTkÌ x'G5g\ ..^.. h;nfO{ ;a} ljåfg\x¿n] sfdh /
qmf]whsf] d"n hfGb5g\ ls h;af6 oL ;a} b'u'{0f dg'ionfO{ k|fKt x'G5g\, To; nf]enfO k|oTgn]
5f]l8b]cf];\ ..&.. sfd Jo;gdf 7"nf] b'u'{0f klxnf] dBflb dfbs b|Jox¿sf] ;]jg, bf];|f] kf;f cflb
v]Ng', t];|f] :qLx¿sf] ljz]if ;Ë, rf}yf] d[uof -lzsf/_ ug'{, oL rf/ dxfb'i6 Jo;g x'g\ / oxL g}
sfdhx¿df cToGt b'Mvbfos bf]if x'g\ ..*.. lagf ck/fw b08sf] lgkftg, s7f]/ jrg af]Ng' /
wgflbsf] cGofodf vr{ ug'{, oL tLg qmf]waf6 pTkÌ x'g] dxfb'Mvbfos bf]ifx¿ x'g\ ..(.. h'g oL ;ft
b'u'{0f b'O6} sfdh / qmf]wh bf]if¿df ulgPsf 5g\, oL b]lv k"j{–k"j{ cyf{t\ Joy{ Joon] s7f]/ jrg,
s7f]/ jrgaf6 cGofon] b08 lbg', o;af6 d[uof v]Ng', o;af6 :qLx¿sf] cToGt ;Ë, o;af6 h'jf
cyf{t\ B"t ug'{ / o;eGbf klg dBflb ;]jg ug'{ a8f] ef/L b'i6 Jo;g xf] ..!).. o;df of] lgZro 5
ls b'i6 Jo;gdf km:g' eGbf dg'{ 7Ls 5 . lsgeg] hf] b'i6frf/L k'?if x'G5, Tof] clws afFRof] eg] t
clws–clws kfk u/]/ gLr–gLr ult cyf{t\ clws–clws b'MvnfO{ k|fKt ug]{5 / hf] s'g} Jo;gdf
km:b}g, Tof] d/] klg ;'vnfO{ k|fKt x'G5 . To;}n] ljz]if /fhf / ;a} dg'ionfO{ of] plrt x'G5 ls
d[uof / dBkfgflb b'i6 sfddf g km;f];\ / b'i6 Jo;gb]lv k[ys\ eP/, wd{o'Qm u'0f–sd{–
:jefjx¿df ;bf jQ]{/ /fd|f]–/fd|f] sfd u/f];\ ..!!..
 dGqL, b"t Pj+ /fhk'?ifx¿sf] nIf0f -^=&_
/fh;ef;b / dGqL s:tf] x'g' kb{5—
df}nfg\ zf:qljbM z"/fFNnAwnIofg\ s'nf]b\utfg\ . ;lrjfG;Kt rfi6f} jf k|s'jL{t k/LlIftfg\ ..!..
clk oT;'s/+ sd{ tbKo]s]g b'is/d\ . ljz]iftf]˜;xfo]g lsGt'' /fHo+ dxf]bod\ ..@..
t}M ;f4{+ lrGto]lÌTo+ ;fdfGo+ ;lGwlju|xd\ . :yfg+ ;d'bo+ u'lKt+ nAwk|zdgflg r ..#..
t]iff+ :j+ :jdlek|fod'knEo k[ys\ k[ys\ . ;d:tfgf~r sføo]{if' ljbWofl4tdfTdgM ..$..
cGofglk k|s'jL{t z'rLg\ k|f1fgjl:ytfg\ . ;Douy{;dfxt{ögdfTofG;'k/LlIftfg\ ..%..
lgjQ]{tf:o ofjlb\el/ltst{Jotf g[leM . tfjtf]˜tlGb|tfg\ bIffg\ k|s'jL{t ljrIf0ffg\ ..^..
t]iffdy]{ lgo'~hLt z"/fg\ bIffg\ s'nf]b\utfg\ . z'rLgfs/sdf{Gt] eL¿gGtlg{j]zg] ..&..
b"t+ r}j k|s'jL{t ;j{zf:qljzf/bd\ . OlËtfsf/r]i61+ z'lr+ bIf+ s'nf]b\utd\ ..*..
cg'/QmM z'lrb{IfM :d[ltdfg\ b]zsfnljt\ . jk'idfGjLteLjf{UdL b"tf] /f1M k|z:ot] ..(..
—dg':d[lt -cWofo &÷Znf]s %$–%&, ^)–^$_ ..
:j/fHo :jb]zdf pTkÌ ePsf, j]bflb zf:qx¿nfO{ hfÌ], z"/jL/, h;sf] nIo cyf{t \ ljrf/
lgikmn gxf];\, / s'nLg, /fd|f];Fu k/LlIft, ;ft jf cf7 pQd wfld{s rt'/ …;lrjfg\Ú cyf{t\ dGqL
agfcf];\ ..!.. lsgeg] ljz]if u/]/ ;xfosf] lagf h'g ;'ud sd{ xf], Tof] klg Psn] ug{df sl7g x'g
hfG5, ha o:tf] x'G5 eg] t dxfg\ /fHosd{ Psaf6 s;/L rNg ;Sb5 / < To;}n] PsnfO{ /fhf /
Pp6}sf] a'l4df /fHosf] sfo{ef/ lge{/ /fVg' c;fWo} g/fd|f] sfd xf] ..@.. To;}n] ;efkltnfO{ of] plrt
x'G5 ls lgTok|lt tL /fHosd{df s'zn ljåfg\ dGqLx¿sf] ;fydf ;fdfGo u/]/ s;};Fu -;lGw_
ldqtf, s;};Fu -lju|x_ lj/f]w, -:yfg_ l:yt ;donfO{ kv]{/ r'krfk /xg', cfˆgf] /fHosf] /Iff u/]/
a:g', -;d'bod\_ ha cfˆgf] pbo x'G5 cyf{t\ j[l4 x'G5 ta b'i6dfly r9fO{ ug'{, -u'lKtd\_ d"n, /fh,
;]gf, sf]z cflbsf] /Iff, -nAwk|zdgflg_ h'g–h'g b]z k|fKt x'G5, To;–To;df zflGt:yfkg
pkb|j/lxt ug'{, oL 5M u'0fx¿sf] ljrf/ lgTo ug]{ ug'{ ..#.. o:tf] ljrf/ ug'{ ls tL ;ef;bx¿sf]
k[ys\–k[ys\ cfˆgf]–cfˆgf] ljrf/ / clek|fonfO{ ;'g]/ ax'kIffg';f/ sfo{x¿df cfˆgf] / cGosf]
lxtsf/s xf];\, o:tf] ug{ nfUg' ..$.. cGo klg kljqfTdf, a'l4dfg\, lglZrta'l4, kbfy{x¿sf] ;+u|x
ug{df clt rt'/, ;'k/LlIft dGqL agfcf];\ ..%.. hlt dg'iox¿af6 /fhsfo{ l;4 x'g ;Sb5, Tolt g}
cfn:o/lxt, anjfg\ / a8f rt'/ k|wfg k'?ifx¿sf] clwsf/L cyf{t\ gf]s/ /fVg' ..^.. logLx¿sf]
cfwLgdf z"/jL/, anjfg\, s'nf]TkÌ, kljq e[Tox¿nfO{ 7"nf–7"nf sd{x¿df lgo'Qm ug]{ / eL?
8/kf]sx¿nfO{ leqL sfddf lgo'Qm ug]{ ..&.. k|z+l;t s'ndf pTkÌ, rt'/, kljq, xfpefp / r]i6fn]
leqL Åbo, / eljiosf] s'/fx¿nfO{ hfÌ]jfnf, ;a} zf:qdf ljzf/b rt'/ b"tnfO{ klg /fVg' ..*.. Tof]
o:tf] xf];\ ls— sfd sfhdf cToGt pT;fx, k|Llto'Qm, lgisk6L, kljqfTdf, rt'/, k'/fgf] eGbf k'/fgf]
s'/fnfO{ klg ge'Ng]jfnf, b]z / sfnfg's"nsf] jt{dfgsf] stf{, ;'Gb/ ¿ko'Qm, lgeo{ / 7"nf] jQmf
xf];\, Tof] /fhfsf] …b"tÚ x'gdf k|z:t x'G5 ..(..
dGqLx¿sf] sfo{lgof]u Pj+ b'u{ lgdf{0fsf] JofVof -^=*_
s;–s;nfO{ s]–s] clwsf/ lbg of]Uo x'G5—
cdfTo] b08 cfoQf] b08] j}glosL lqmof . g[ktf} sf]z/fi6]« r b"t] ;lGwljko{of} ..!..
b"t Pj lx ;+wQ] legŒo]j r ;+xtfg\ . b"t:tTs'?t] sd{ leBGt] o]g dfgjfM ..@..
a'b\Wjf r ;j{+ tŒj]g k//fhlrsLlif{td\ . tyf k|oTgdflti7]b\ oyfTdfg+ g kL8o]t\ ..#..
wg'b'{u+{ dxLb'u{dAb'u{+ jfIf{d]j jf . g[b'u{+ lul/b'u{+ jf ;dfl>To j;]Tk'/d\ ..$..
PsM zt+ of]wolt k|fsf/:yf] wg'w{/M . zt+ bz;x;|fl0f t:dfb\b'u{+ ljwLot] ..%..
tT:ofbfo'w;DkÌ+ wgwfGo]g jfxg}M . a|fXd0f}M lzlNkleo{Gq}o{j;]gf]bs]g r ..^..
t:o dWo] ;'kof{Kt+ sf/o]b\u[xdfTdgM . u'Kt+ ;j{Q'{s+ z'e|+ hnj[If;dlGjtd\ ..&..
tbWof:of]åx]b\efof{+ ;j0ff{+ nIf0fflGjtfd\ . s'n] dxlt ;De"tf+ ÅBf+ ¿ku'0fflGjtfd\ ..*..
k'/f]lxt+ k|s'jL{t j[0f'ofb]j rlTj{hd\ . t]˜:o u[Xofl0f sdf{l0f s'øo'{j}{tflgsflg r ..(..
—dg':d[lt -cWofo &÷Znf]s ^%, ^^, ^*, &), &$–&*_ ..
cdfTonfO{ b08flwsf/, b08df ljgo–lqmof cyf{t\ h;af6 cGofo¿k b08 x'g gkfcf];\,
/fhfsf] cfwLg sf]z / /fhsfo{ tyf ;efsf] cfwLg ;a} sfo{ / b"tsf] cfwLg s;};Fu d]n jf lj/f]w
ug]{ clwsf/ b]cf];\ ..!.. b"t To;nfO{ eGb5g\ h;n] k'm6df d]n / ldn]sf b'i6nfO{ tf]8–kmf]8
u/fcf];\ . b"tn] To:tf] sfd u/f];\ h;af6 zq'df k'm6 k/f];\ ..@.. Tof] ;efklt / ;ef;b jf b"t
cflbn] oyfy{af6 csf]{ lj/f]wL /fhfsf] /fHosf] clek|fonfO{ hfg]/ To:t} k|oTg u/f];\ h;af6
cfk"mnfO{ kL8f gxf];\ ..#.. o;sf] nflu ;'Gb/ jg wg–wfGoo'Qm b]zdf -wg'b'{u{d\_ wg'wf{/L k'?ifx¿b]lv
uxg -dxLb'u{d\_ df6f]af6 agfOPsf] -cAb'u{d\_ kfgLn] 3]l/Psf] -jfIf{d\_ cyf{t\ rf/}lt/af6 jg -g[b'u{d\_
rf/}lt/ ;]gf /x"g\ -lul/b'u{d\_ cyf{t\ rf/}lt/af6 kxf8n] 3]l/Psf] aLrdf -b'u{_ sf]6 agfP/ o;sf]
dWodf gu/ a;fcf];\ ..$.. / gu/sf] rf/}lt/ -k|fsf/_ k|sf]6 agfcf];\, lsgeg] To;df l:yt ePsf]
Ps jL/ wg'wf{/L z:qo'Qm k'?if ;o hgf;Fu, / ;o bz xhf/ hgf;Fu o'4 ug{ ;Sb5g\, To;}n] b'u{
agfpg' pQd xf] ..%.. Tof] b'u{ z:qf:q, wg, wfGo, jfxg, a|fXd0f hf] k9fpg] pkb]z ug]{ x'g\ -lzNkL_
sf/Lu/, oGq, gfgf k|sf/sf] snf, -oj;]g_ rf/f, 3fF; / hn cflbn] ;DkÌ cyf{t\ kl/k"0f{ xf];\ ..^..
To;sf] dWodf hn j[If k'ikflbo'Qm ;a} k|sf/n] /lIft, ;a} Ct'x¿df ;'vsf/s, Zj]tj0f{ cfˆgf]
nflu 3/ h;df ;a} /fhsfo{sf] lgjf{x xf];\, To:tf] agfpg' ..&.. olt cyf{t\ a|Xdro{n] ljBf k9]/,
oxfF;Dd /fhsfd u/]/, ¿k u'0f ;f}Gbo{ o'Qm, ÅbonfO{ lk|o, clt pQd s'ndf pTkÌ,
;'Gb/nIf0fo'Qm, cfˆgf] Iflqos'nsL sGof h'g ls cfk"m ;b[z ljBflb u'0f–sd{–:jefj ePsL xf];\,
To:tL Pp6L :qL;Fu dfq ljjfx u/f];\ . bf];|L ;a} :qLx¿nfO{ cuDo ;De]m/ b[li6n] klg gx]/f];\ ..*..
k'/f]lxt\ / ClTjh\nfO{ :jLsf/ o;sf] nflu ug'{ ls ltgLx¿ clUgxf]q / kIf]li6 cflb ;a /fh3/sf]
sd{ ug{] u¿g\, / cfk"m ;bf /fhsfo{df nflu/xg' . cyf{t\ oxL g} /fhfsf] ;GWof]kf;gflb sd{ xf], hf]
/ft–lbg /fhsfo{df k|j[Q /xg' / s'g} klg /fhsfd lalu|g glbg' ..(..
o'4sf k|sf/ Pj+ tl/sf -^=(_
;fFjT;l/sdfKt}Zr /fi6«fbfxf/o]b\ alnd\ . :ofRrfDgfok/f] nf]s] jQ]{t lkt[jÌ[if' ..!..
cWoIfflGjljwfGs'of{t\ tq tq ljklZrtM . t]˜:o ;jf{0oj]If]/g\ gö0ff+ sfof{l0f s'j{tfd\ ..@..
cfj[Qfgf+ u'?s'nflåk|f0ff+ k"hsf] ej]t\ . g[kf0ffdIfof] Xo]if lglwa|fXdf] ljwLot] ..#..
;df]Qdfwd} /fhf Tjfx"tM kfnog\ k|hfM . g lgjt]{t ;+u|fdft\ Iffq+ wd{dg':d/g\ ..$..
cfxj]if' ldyf]˜Gof]Go+ lh3f+;Gtf] dxLlIftM . o'WodfgfM k/+ zSTof :ju{+ ofGTok/fª\d'vfM ..%..
g r xGofT:ynf¿9+ g SnLj+ g s[tf~hlnd\ . g d'Qms]z+ gf;Lg+ g tjf:dLlt jflbgd\ ..^..
g ;'Kt+ g lj;Ìfx+ g gUg+ g lg/fo'wd\ . gfo'Wodfg+ kZoGt+ g k/]0f ;dfutd\ ..&..
gfo'wJo;g+ k|fKt+ gfQ{+ gfltkl/Iftd\ . g eLt+ g k/fj[Q+ ;tf+ wd{dg':d/g\ ..*..
o:t' eLtM k/fj[QM ;+ª\u|fd] xGot] k/}M . eQ'{o{b\b'is[t+ lsl~rQT;j{+ k|ltkBt] ..(..
oRrf:o ;'s[t+ lsl~rbd'qfy{d'kflh{td\ . eQf{ tT;j{dfbQ] k/fj[Qxt:o t' ..!)..
/yf:j+ xl:tg+ 5q+ wg+ wfGo+ kz"lG:qoM . ;j{b|Jofl0f s'Ko+ r of] oHholt t:o tt\ ..!!..
/f1Zr bB?4f/ldTo]iff j}lbsL >'ltM . /f1f r ;j{of]w]Eof] bftJodk[ylUhtd\ ..!@..
—dg':d[lt -cWofo &÷Znf]s *)–*@, *&, *(, (!–(&_ ..
k|hfaf6 jflif{s s/ cfKtk'?ifx¿åf/f u|x0f u/f];\ / hf] ;efklt¿k /fhf cflb k|wfg k'?if
5g\ tL ;a}, ;ef j]bfg's"n eP/, k|hfsf] ;fydf lktfsf] ;dfg Jojxf/ u/f];\ ..!.. To; /fHosfo{df
ljljw k|sf/sf ljåfg\ cWoIfx¿nfO{ ;ef lgot u/f];\ . logLx¿sf] oxL sfd xf] ls hlt–hlt h'g–
h'g sfddf /fhk'?if x'G5g\, ltgLx¿ lgodfg';f/ jt{]/ oyfjt\ sfd ub{5g\ ls ub}{gg\Ù hf] oyfjt\
ub{5g\ ltgnfO{ ;Tsf/ / hf] lj?4 ub{5g\ ltgnfO{ oyfjt\ b08 lbg] u/f];\ ..@.. ;bf h'g /fhfx¿sf]
j]b k|rf/¿k cIfo–sf]z x'G5, o;sf] k|rf/sf] nflu hf] s'g} oyfjt\ a|Xdro{af6 j]bflb zf:qx¿nfO{
k9]/ u'?s'ndf cfpF5, ltgsf] ;Tsf/ /fh ;efn] oyfjt\ u/f];\, / ltgsf] klg h;nfO{ k9fOPsf
ljåfg\ x'G5g\ ..#.. o; s'/fnfO{ ubf{df /fHodf ljBfsf] pÌlt eP/ cToGt pÌlt x'G5 . ha slxn]
k|hfsf] kfng ug]{jfnf /fhfn] s'g} cfk"m eGbf ;fgf], t'No / pQd ;+u|fddf cfÃfg u/]df t
Iflqox¿sf] wd{nfO{ :d/0f u/]/, ;+u|fdaf6 slxNo} klg lgj[Q gxf];\ . cyf{t\ clt rt'/fO{sf] ;fy
ltgLx¿l;t o'4 u/f];\, h;af6 cfˆgf] ljho xf];\ ..$.. ha ;+u|fddf Ps csf{nfO{ xgg ug]{ OR5fn]
/fhfx¿ hlt cfˆgf] ;fdYo{ x'G5 lagf 8/, kL7 gb]vfP/, o'4 ub{5g\, ltgn] ;'vnfO{ k|fKt ub{5g\,
o;af6 ljd'v slxNo} gx"g\, lsGt' slxn]sflx+ zq'nfO{ lhTgsf] nflu ltgsf] ;fd'Ì]af6 n'Sg' klg
kb{5, lsgeg] h'g k|sf/n] zq'nfO{ lhTg ;lsG5, To:t} sfd ug'{, h;/L l;+x qmf]wn] ;fd'Ì] cfP/
z:qflUgdf zL3| e:d x'g hfG5, To:tf] d"v{tfn] gi6–e|i6 gx'g" ..%.. o'4 ;dodf g otfplt
plePsf, g gk'+;s, g xft hf]l8/fv]sfsf], g lz/sf] s]z v'ln/fv]sfsf], g a;]sfsf], g æd t]/f]
z/0fdf 5'Æ o:tf] eg]sfsf] ..^.. g ;'t]sfsf], g d"5f{nfO{ k|fKt ePsfsf], g gUg ePsfsf], g
cfo'wb]lv /lxt ePsfsf], g o'4nfO{ b]lv/x]sfx¿sf], g o'4 ul/x]sfx¿sf], g zq'sf ;fyLsf] ..&.. g
cfo'wsf] k|xf/af6 rf]6 vfPsfsf], g b'MvL, g cToGt 3fOt], g 8/fO/x]sf], g knfog ul//x]sf
k'?ifsf] ;Tk'?ifx¿sf] wd{sf] d{dnfO{ hfg]sf of]4fx¿n] slxNo} gdf/f];\Ù lsGt' ltgnfO{ ;dft]/ hf]
/fd|f 5g\, nu]/ /fd|f] aGbLu[xdf /fv]/ ef]hg–cfR5fbg oyfjt\ b]jf];\, / 3fOt] ePsfnfO{ cf}iflw
pkrf/ ljlwk"j{s ul/b]cf];\ . ltgnfO{ glr8fcf];\, b'Mv gb]cf];\ . olb ltgsf] of]Uo sfd 5 eg]
b]cf];\ . ljz]if o;dfly Wofg /fvf];\ ls :qL–afns, j[4 / cft'/ tyf zf]so'Qm k'?ifx¿dfly z:q
slxNo} klg grnfcf];\ . ltgsf 5f]/fx¿nfO{ cfˆg} ;Gtfg ;b[z kfnf];\ / :qLx¿nfO{ klg kfnf];\ .
ltgLx¿nfO{ cfˆg} :j;Gtfg cfdf, alxgL / sGofs} ;dfg ;lDemof];\, slxNo} klg ljifof;lQmsf]
b[li6n] gx]/f];\ . ha /fHo /fd|f];Fu hdf];\ / h;df k'gM o'4 ug]{ zÍf gxf];\, ltgLx¿nfO{ ;Tsf/k"j{s
5f]8]/ cfˆgf]–cfˆgf] 3/ jf b]zdf k7fOb]cf];\, / h;af6 eljioTsfndf lj£g x'g] ;Dej 5 eg],
ltgLx¿nfO{ ;bf sf/fuf/df g} /fvf];\ ..*.. / hf] knfog cyf{t\ efu]sf] / 8/fPsf] e[To zq'b]lv
dfl/of] eg] t, Tof] p;sf] :jfdLsf] ck/fwnfO{ k|fKt eP/ b08gLo xf];\ ..(.. / hf] p;sf] k|lti7f xf],
h;af6 o; nf]s / k/nf]sdf ;'v x'g] lyof] To;nfO{ p;sf] :jfdL k|fKt xf]cf];\, hf] efUb} u/]sf]
dfl/G5, To;sf] ;a}] k'0okmn To;sf] :jfdLnfO{ k|fKt x'G5, / efu]sfsf] ;a} k|lti7f gi6 x'g hfG5, /
p;n] To; k|lti7fnfO{ k|fKt u/f];\, h;n] wd{;+ut oyfjt\ o'4 u/]sf] 5 eg] t ..!).. o;
Joj:yfnfO{ slxNo} klg gtf]8f];\ ls h'g–h'g n8fO{+df h'g–h'g ;}lgsn] /y, 3f]8f, xfQL, 5q, wg,
wfGo, cÌ, ufO{ cflb kz' / :qLx¿ tyf cGo k|sf/sf] ;a}b|Jo / £o", t]n cflbsf] s'Ko] lht]sf 5g\
eg], To;n] g} ltgnfO{ u|x0f u/f];\ ..!!.. k/Gt' ;]gf:yhg klg Tof] lht]sf] kbfy{af6 ;f]x|f}+ efu
/fhfnfO{ b]cf];\ / /fhfn] klg ;]gf:y of]4fx¿nfO{ To; wgaf6 hf] ls ;a} ldn]/ lht]sf] xf]; \, ;f]x|f}+
efu ;]gf:y k'?ifx¿nfO{ cjZo b]cf];\, / hf] sf]xL o'4df d/]sf] 5, To;sL :qL / ;Gtfgx¿nfO{
To;sf] efu b]cf];\ / :qL tyf c;dy{ s]6fx¿sf] oyfjt\ kfng u/f];\ . ha To;sf] s]6fx¿ ;dy{
x'g]5g\ ta ltgnfO{ oyfof]Uo clwsf/ b]cf];\ . hf] s;}n] cfˆgf] /fHosf] /Iff, j[l4, k|lti7f, ljho /
cfgGbj[l4sf] OR5f /fVb5 eg], To;n] o; dof{bfnfO{ slxNo} klg pNn‹g gu/f];\ ..!@..
/fHosf] nIf0fx¿ Pj+ ljlw -^=!)_
cnAw+ r}j lnK;]t nAw+ /If]Tk|oTgtM . /lIft+ j4{o]Rr}j j[4+ kfq]if' lgMlIfk]t\ ..!..
PtRrt'lj{w+ ljBft\ k'?iffy{k|of]hgd\ . c:o lgTodg'i7fg+ ;DoSs'of{btlGb|tM ..@..
cnAwldR5]208]g nAw+ /If]bj]Ifof . /lIft+ j4{o]å[4Øf j[4+ bfg]g lgMlIfk]t\ ..#..
cdfoo}j jt]{t g sy~rg dfoof . a'Wo]tfl/k|o'Qmf+ r dfof+ lgTo+ :j;+j[tM ..$..
gf:o l5b|+ k/f] ljBflR5b|+ ljBfTk/:o t' . u"x]Ts"d{ OjfËflg /If]låj/dfTdgM ..%..
asjlRrGto]byf{g\ l;+xjRr k/fqmd]t\ . j[sjRrfjn'Dk]t zzjRr ljlgikt]t\ ..^..
Pj+ ljhodfg:o o]˜:o :o'M kl/klGygM . tfgfgo]åz+ ;jf{g\ ;fdflble?kqmd}M ..&..
olb t] t' g lti7]o'?kfo}M k|yd}l:qleM . b08]g}j k|;Xo}tfFZ5gs}j{zdfgo]t\ ..*..
oyf]4/lt lgbf{tf sIf+ wfGo+ r /Iflt . tyf /If]Ì[kf] /fi6«+ xGofRr kl/klGygM ..(..
df]xfb|fhf :j/fi6«+ oM sif{oTogj]Ifof . ;f]˜lr/fb\ e|Zot] /fHofHhLljtfRr ;afGwjM ..!)..
z/L/sif{0ffTk|f0ffM IfLoGt] k|fl0fgf+ oyf . tyf /f1fdlk k|f0ffM IfLoGt] /fi6«sif{0fft\ ..!!..
/fi6«:o ;+u|x] lgTo+ ljwfgldbdfr/]t\ . ;';+u[xLt/fi6«f] lx kfly{jM ;'vd]wt] ..!@..
åof]:qof0ff+ k~rfgf+ dWo] u'Nddlwli7td\ . tyf u|fdztfgf+ r s'øof{b|fi6«:o ;+u|xd\ ..!#..
u|fd:oflwklt+ s'øof{2zu|fdklt+ tyf . lj+ztLz+ zt]z+ r ;x;|kltd]j r ..!$..
u|fdbf]iffGT;d'TkÌfg\ u|fldsM zgs}M :jod\ . z+;]b\ u|fdbz]zfo bz]zf] lj+ztLlzgd\ ..!%..
lj+ztLz:t' tT;j{+ zt]zfo lgj]bo]t\ . z+;]b\ u|fdzt]z:t' ;x;|kto] :jod\ ..!^..
t]iff+ u|fDofl0f sfof{l0f k[ySsfof{l0f r}j lx . /f1f]˜GoM ;lrjM l:gUw:tflg kZo]btlGb|tM ..!&..
gu/] gu/] r}s+ s'of{T;jf{y{lrGtsd\ . pRr}M :yfg+ 3f]/¿k+ gIfqf0ffldj u|xd\ ..!*..
; tfgg'kl/qmfd]T;jf{g]j ;bf :jod\ . t]iff+ j[Q+ kl/0fo]T;Dou|fi6«]if' tRr/}M ..!(..
/f1f] lx /Ifflws[tfM k/:jfbflogM z7fM . e[Tof ejlGt k|fo]0f t]Eof] /If]lbdfM k|hfM ..@)..
o] sflo{s]Eof]˜y{d]j u[ÄLo'M kfkr]t;M . t]iff+ ;j{:jdfbfo /fhf s'of{Tk|jf;gd\ ..@!..
—dg':d[lt -cWofo &÷Znf]s ((–!)!, !)$–!)*, !!)–!!&, !@)–!@$_ ..
 /fhf / /fh;ef cnAwsf] k|flKtsf] OR5f, k|fKtsf] k|oTgn] /Iff u/f];\Ù /lIftnfO{ a9fcf];\ /
a9]sf] wgnfO{ j]bljBf, wd{sf] k|rf/, ljBfyL{, j]bdfuf]{kb]zs tyf c;dy{ cgfyx¿sf] kfngdf
nufcf];\ ..!.. oL rf/ k|sf/sf …k'?iffy{Ú sf] k|of]hgnfO{ hfg]/ cfn:onfO{ 5f]8\b} o;nfO{ /fd|f];Fu
lgTo cg'i7fg u/f];\ ..@.. b08af6 ck|fKtsf] k|flKtsf] OR5f, lgTo b]Vgfn] k|fKtsf] /Iff, /lIftsf] j[l4
cyf{t\ Aofhaf6 a9fcf]; / a9]sf] Tof] wgnfO{ k"jf]{Qm dfu{df lgTo Joo u/f];\ ..#.. sbflk s;};Fu
5n gu/f];\ lsGt' lgisk6 eP/ ;a};Fu jQf{j /fvf];\ / lgTok|lt cfˆgf] /Iff u/]/ zq'n] u/]sf]
5nnfO{ hfg]/ lgj[Q u/f];\ ..$.. s'g} zq'n] cfˆgf] l5b| cyf{t\ lga{ntfnfO{ hfÌ g;sf];\ / :jo+n]
zq'sf] l5b|x¿nfO{ hfGb}/fvf];\, h;/L s5'jfn] cfˆgf] cËnfO{ u'Kt /fVb5, To;/L g} zq'x¿ k|j]z
ug]{ l5b|x¿nfO{ u'Kt /fvf];\ ..%.. h;/L as'Nnf]n] df5f] ;dfpgsf] nflu eg]/ Wofgfjl:yt eP/
tfSb5, To;/L g} cy{;+u|xsf] ljrf/ ug]{ ug'{ . h'g k|sf/n] b|Jo / ansf] j[l4 xf];\, zq'nfO{ lhTgsf]
nflu l;+xs} ;dfg k/fqmd u/f];\, lrt'jfn] e}+m n's]/ zq'nfO{ ;dftf];\ / ;dLkdf cfPsf] anjfg\
zq';Fu v/fof]sf] e}+m b"/ efuf];\ / kZrft\ ltgnfO{ 5nn] ;dftf];\ ..^.. o; k|sf/ ljho ug]{jfnf
;efkltsf] /fHodf hf] kl/kGyL cyf{t\ 8fFs–" n'6]/f x'G5g\, ltgnfO{ -;fd_ cyf{t\ ldnfpg', -bfd_ s]xL
lbP/ -e]b_ k'm6 kf/]/ jzdf ug'{ ..&.. olb oL s'/faf6 jzdf x'Fb}gg\ eg] t cltsl7g b08n] jzdf
ug'{ ..*.. h;/L wfgaf6 66xnf] lgsfn]/ wfgsf] /Iff ub{5 cyf{t\ 6'6\g lb+b}g, To;/L g} /fhf, 8fFs"–
rf]/x¿nfO{ df/f];\ / /fHosf] /Iff u/f];\ ..(.. hf] /fhf df]xn], cljrf/n] cfˆgf] /fHonfO{ b'a{n ub{5,
Tof] /fHo / cfˆgf aGw';lxt hLjgb]lv zL3| gi6–e|i6 x'g hfG5 ..!).. h;/L k|f0fLx¿sf] k|f0f
z/L/nfO{ s[z ugf{n] IfL0f eP/ hfG5, To;/L g} k|hfnfO{ b'a{n agfpgfn] /fhfx¿sf] …k|f0fÚ cyf{t\
anflb, aGw';lxt gi6 x'g hfG5 ..!!. To;}n] /fhf / /fh;ef /fhsfo{sf] l;l4sf] nflu of] k|oTg
u/f];\ ls h;af6 /fhsfo{ oyfjt\ l;4 xf];\ . h'g /fhf /fHokfngdf tTk/ /xG5, To;sf ;'v ;w}+
al9/fVb5g\ ..!@.. o;}n] b'O{, tLg, kfFr / ;o u|fdx¿sf] aLrdf Ps /fh–:yfg /fvf];\, h;df
oyfof]Uo e[To cyjf sfdbf/ /fv]/ ;a} /fHosf] sfo{ k"/f u/f];\ ..!#.. Ps–Ps u|fddf Ps–Ps k'?if
/fvf];\, pg} bz u|fdx¿sf] dfly bf];|f], pg} aL;u|fdx¿sf dfly t];|f], pg} ;o u|fdx¿sf dfly rf}yf]
/ pg} xhf/ u|fdx¿sf dfly kfFrf}+ k'?if /fvf];\ . cyf{t\ h;/L cfhef]ln Ps u|fddf Ps k6jf/L
-j8f_, pg} bz u|fdx¿df Ps yfgf -rf}sL_, / pg} b'O{ yfgfdf Pp6f 7"nf] yfgf / pg} kfFr yfgfdf
Ps tx;Ln / bz tx;Lndf Ps lhNnf lgot ul/Psf] 5, oL s'/fx¿ dg' cflb wd{zf:qdf 5g\
afFsL ;a} o;}af6 a'‰g'kb{5 ..!$.. o; k|sf/n] k|aGw u/]/ cf1f b]cf];\ ls Tof] Ps–Ps u|fdsf]
kltn] u|fddf lgTok|lt h]–h] bf]if pTkÌ x'G5g\, ltgnfO{ u'Kttfn] bz u|fdsf kltnfO{ ljlbt
u/fcf];\, / tL bz u|fdflwkltn] p;} k|sf/af6 aL; u|fdsf :jfdLnfO{ bz u|fdx¿sf] jt{dfg
lgTok|lt hgfOb]cf];\ ..!%.. / aL; u|fdsf clwkltn] aL; u|fdx¿sf] jt{dfgnfO{ ztu|fdflwkltnfO{
lgTok|lt lgj]bg u/fcf];\, To;/L g} ;o u|fdx¿sf kltn] ;o–;o u|fdx¿sf] jt{dfgnfO{
;x;|flwkltnfO{ cyf{t\ xhf/ u|fdsf] :jfdLnfO{ atfOb]cf];\ . / bz–bz u|fdsf b'O6} clwklt aL;
u|fdsf :jfdLnfO{ / aL;–aL; u|fdsf kfFr clwklt, ;o u|fdsf cWoIfnfO{, ;o–;o u|fdsf bz
clwklt xhf/ u|fdsf clwi7ftfnfO{ lbg–lbg}sf] jt{dfg atfOlbpmg\ / tL xhf/–xhf/sf bz
clwklt bz xhf/sf clwkltnfO{ / tL bz–bz xhf/sf bz clwklt nIfu|fdx¿sf /fh;efnfO{
k|ltlbgsf] jt{dfg hgfOlbg] u¿g\ / tL ;a} /fh;ef dxf/fh;ef cyf{t\ ;fj{ef}drqmjtL{–
dxf/fh;efdf ;a} e"uf]nsf] jt{dfg atfOlbg] u¿g\ ..!^.. / Ps–Ps bz–bz xhf/ u|fdx¿df b'O{–
b'O{ ;efklt To;/L g} u¿g\ h;df Ps /fh;efdf bf];|f] cWoIf agfcf];\ ls cfn:o 5f]8]/ ;a}
GofofwLzflb /fhk'?ifx¿sf] sfdnfO{ ;bf 3'd]/ x]b}{/fv"g\ ..!&.. 7"nf–7"nf gu/x¿df Ps ljrf/ ug{sf]
nflu ;efsf] ;'Gb/ pRr / ljzfn h:t} ls rGb|df 5, To:t} Ps–Ps 3/ agfcf];\, To;df 7"nf–7"nf
ljBfj[4 ls h;n] ljBfaf6 ;a} k|sf/sf] k/LIff u/]sf 5g\, ltgLx¿n] a;]/ ljrf/ u¿g\ . h'g
lgodaf6 /fhf / k|hfsf] pÌlt xf];\, To:tf–To:tf lgod / ljBf k|sflzt ug]{ u/f];\ ..!*.. hf] lgTo
ljr/0f ug]{jfnf ;efklt x'G5, To;sf] cfwLg ;a} u'Ktr/ cyf{t\ b"tx¿nfO{ /fVg', hf] /fhk'?if /
k|hfk'?ifx¿sf] ;fydf lgTo ;DaGw /fVb5g\ / ltgLx¿ leGbf–leGb} hfltsf x'g'kb{5 . ltgLx¿af6
;a} /fhf / k|hfk'?ifx¿sf] ;a} bf]if / u'0f u'Kt/Lltn] hfÌ] u/f];\, h;sf] ck/fw xf];\, To;nfO{ b08
/ h;sf] u'0f xf];\, To;sf] k|lti7f ;bf ug]{ u/f];\ ..!(.. /fhfn] h;nfO{ k|hfsf] /Iffsf] clwsf/
lbG5, ltgLx¿ wfld{s, ;'k/LlIft, ljåfg\, s'nLg x'g'kb{5, ltgsf cfwLg k|foM z7 / k/kbfy{ xg]{
rf]/–8fFs"x¿nfO{ klg gf]s/ /fvf];\, ltgnfO{ b'i6sd{b]lv arfpgsf] nflu /fhsf gf]s/ agfP/,
ltg}sf /Iff ug]{ ljåfg\x¿sf] :jfwLg u/]/, tL af6 cfˆgf k|hfsf] /Iff oyfjt\ u/f];\ ..@).. h'g
/fhk'?ifn] cGofo u/]/ jfbL–k|ltjfbL;Fuaf6 u'Kt wg lnP/ kIfkftn] cGofo ub{5, To;sf] ;j{:j
x/0f u/]/ oyfof]Uo b08 lbP/ o:tf] 7fpFdf /fvf];\ ls k'gM ltgnfO{ o; s'/fsf] b]v]/–;'g]/ bf];|f
/fhk'?if klg o:tf] b'i6 sfd ug{af6 ar"g\ . lsgeg] olb To;nfO{ b08 lbOPg eg] t ltgsf
sfo{nfO{ b]v]/ c¿n] klg o:t} b'i6 sfd ug{ nfUg]5g\, k/Gt' hltn] /fhk'?ifx¿sf] of]uIf]d enLefFlt
xf];\ / h;af6 wgf9Ø klg aÌ ;s"g\ Tolt wg jf e"ld /fhfsf] tk{maf6 dfl;s jf jflif{s cyjf
Ps}rf]l6 ldnf];\ / ha j[4 x'G5g\ ltgnfO{ klg cfwf ldnf];\ k/Gt' of] Wofgdf /xf];\ ls ha;Dd tL
afFRb5g\ ta;Dd of] hLljsf alg/xf];\, kZrft\ kb}{g, k/Gt' logsf ;Gtfg jf gf]s/L ltgsf u'0fsf]
cg';f/ cjZo lbg'kb{5 / h;sf afns ha;Dd c;dy{ x'G5g\ pgsL :qL afFlr/fv]sL 5 eg] ;a}sf]
lgjf{xfy{ /fhfsf] tk{maf6 oyfof]Uo wg ldnf];\ . k/Gt' h;sf :qL jf 5f]/f s'sdL{ 5g\ eg] t s]xL
klg lbgx'Fb}g, o:tf] gLlt /fhfn] a/fa/ /fvf];\ ..@!..
u|fd clwkltsf] j0f{g Pj+ s/ lng] k|sf/ -^=!!_
oyf kmn]g o'Ho]t /fhf sQf{ r sd{0ffd\ . tyf˜j]Io g[kf] /fi6«] sNko]T;tt+ s/fg\ ..!..
oyf˜Nkf˜NkdbGTofB+ jføof]{sf]jT;if6\kbfM . tyf˜Nkf˜Nkf] u|xLtJof] /fi6«fb|f1flAbsM s/M ..@..
gf]lR5GBfbfTdgf] d"n+ k/]iff+ rfltt[i0fof . plR5GbGXofTdgf] d"ndfTdfg+ tfFZr kL8o]t\ ..#..
tLI0fZr}j d[b'Zr :oft\ sfo{+ jLIo dxLkltM . tLI0fZr}j d[b[Zr}j /fhf ejlt ;DdtM ..$..
Pj+ ;j{+ ljwfo]bldltsQ{JodfTdgM . o'QmZr}jfk|dQZr kl//If]lbdfM k|hfM ..%..
ljqmf]zGTof] o:o /fi6«fb\ lw|oGt] b:o'leM k|hfM . ;DkZotM ;e[To:o d[tM ; g t' hLjlt ..^..
Iflqo:o k/f] wd{M k|hfgfd]j kfngd\ . lglb{i6kmnef]Qmf lx /fhf wd]{0f o'Hot] ..&..
—dg':d[lt -cWofo &÷Znf]s !@*, !@(, !#(, !$), !$@–!$$_ ..
h;/L /fhf / sd{x¿sf] stf{ /fhk'?if jf k|hfhg ;'v¿k kmnn] o'Qm x'G5g\, To;/L g}
ljrf/ u/]/ /fhf tyf /fh;ef /fHodf …s/Ú :yfkg u/f];\ ..!.. h;/L h'sf, afR5f] / ed/fn] yf]/}–yf]/}
ef]Uo kbfy{nfO{ u|x0f ub5{g\, To;/L g} /fhfn] yf]/}–yf]/} jflif{s s/ n]cf];\ ..@.. clt nf]en] cfˆgf] jf
csf{sf] ;'vsf] d"nnfO{ plR5Ì cyf{t\ gi6 sbflk gu/f];\, lsgeg] h;n] Jojxf/ / ;'vsf] d"nnfO{
5]bg ub{5, To;n] cfk"mnfO{ / c¿nfO{ kL8f g} lbG5 ..#.. hf] dxLklt sfo{nfO{ b]v]/ tLI0f / sdnf]
klg xf];\, Tof] b'i6dfly tLI0f / >]i7dfly sdnf] /xgfn] /fhf cltdfggLo x'G5 ..$.. o; k|sf/ ;a}
/fHosf] k|aGw u/]/ ;bf o;df o'Qm / k|dfb/lxt x'Fb} cfˆgf] k|hfsf] kfng lg/Gt/ u/f];\ ..%.. h'g
e[To;lxt b]lv/x]sf /fhfsf] /fHoaf6 8fFs"x¿n] ?Fb} ljnfk u/]sf k|hfsf] kbfy{ / k|f0fnfO{ x/0f
ub{5g\, Tof] of] hfg ls e[To, cdfTo;lxt d[ts xf], hLpFbf] xf]Og, / dxfb'MvnfO{ kfpg]jfnf
x'G5 ..^.. To;}n] /fhfx¿n] k|hfkfng ug'{ g} k/dwd{ xf] . / h'g o; dg':d[ltsf] ;ftf}+ cWofodf …s/Ú
lng n]lvPsf] 5 / h:tf] ;efn] lgot ub{5, To;sf] ef]Qmf /fhf wd{n] o'Qm eP/ ;'v k|fKt ub{5,
h;n] o;sf] ljk/Lt ub{5 b'MvnfO{ k|fKt x'G5 ..&..
dGq0ffsf] k|sf/ -^=!@_
pTyfo klZrd] ofd] s[tzf}rM ;dflxtM . x'tflUga|f{Xd0ffFZrfRo{ k|ljz]T; z'ef+ ;efd\ ..!..
tq l:ytM k|hfM ;jf{M k|ltgGB lj;h{o]t\ . lj;[Ho r k|hfM ;jf{ dGqo]T;x dlGqleM ..@..
lul/k[i7+ ;df?Xo k|f;fb+ jf /xf]utM . c/0o] lgMznfs] jf dGqo]bljefljtM ..#..
o:o dGq+ g hfglGt ;dfuDo k[yUhgfM . ; s[T:gf+ k[lyjL+ e'ª\Q]m sf]zxLgf]˜lk kfly{jM ..$..
—dg':d[lt -cWofo &÷Znf]s !$%–!$*_ ..
ha /ftsf] kl5Nnf] k|x/ xf];\ ta p7]/ zf}r / ;fjwfg eP/ k/d]Zj/sf] Wofg, clUgxf]q,
wfld{s ljåfg\x¿sf] ;Tsf/, ef]hg u/]/ leq ;efdf k|j]z u/f];\ ..!.. ToxfF pleP/ hf] k|hfhg
pkl:yt x'G5g\, ltgnfO{ dfGolbg', clg d'VodGqLsf] ;fy /fHoJoj:yfsf] ljrf/ u/f];\ ..@.. kZrft\
p;sf] ;fydf 3'Dgsf] nflu hfg', kj{tsf] lzv/ cyjf jg h;df Ps znfsf klg gxf]; \, To:tf]
PsfGt :yfg -rf}/df_ df a;]/ lj?4 efjgfnfO{ 5f]8]/ dGqLsf] ;fydf ljrf/–ljdz{ u/f];\ ..#.. h'g
/fhfsf] u"9 ljrf/nfO{ cGo hg ldn]/ klg hfÌ ;Sb}gg\ cyf{t\ h;sf] ljrf/ uDeL/ z'4 k/f]ksf/fy{
;bf u'Kt /xf];\, Tof] wgxLg klg /fhf ;a} k[YjLsf] /fHo ug{df ;dy{ x'G5, To;}n] cfˆgf] dgaf6
Pp6f klg sfd gu/f];\ ls ha;Dd ;ef;bx¿sf] cg'dlt gxf];\ ..$..
 cf;g cflb 5 u'0fx¿sf] JofVof -^=!#_
cf;g+ r}j ofg+ r ;lGw+ lju|xd]j r . sfo{+ jLIo k|o'~hLt å}w+ ;+>od]j r ..!..
;lGw+ t' låljw+ ljBfb|fhf lju|xd]j r . pe] ofgf;g] r}j låljwM ;+>oM :d[tM ..@..
;dfgofgsdf{ r ljk/Lt:ty}j r . tyf Tjfolt;+o'QmM ;lGw1]{of]lånIf0fM ..#..
:jo+s[tZr sfof{y{dsfn] sfn Pj jf . ldq:o r}jfks[t] låljwf] lju|xM :d[tM ..$..
PsflsgZrfTolos] sfo]{ k|fKt] ob[R5of . ;+xt:o r ldq]0f låljw+ ofgd'Rot] ..%..
IfL0f:o r}j qmdzf] b}jfTk"j{s[t]g jf . ldq:o rfg'/f]w]g låljw+ :d[tdf;gd\ ..^..
an:o :jfldgZr}j l:yltM sfof{y{l;4o] . låljw+ sLTo{t] å}w+ iff8\u'0ou'0fj]lbleM ..&..
cy{;Dkfbgfy{+ r kL8Ødfg:o zq'leM . ;fw'if' Jokb]zfy{+ låljwM ;+>oM :d[tM ..*..
obfjuR5]bfoTofdflwSo+ w|'jdfTdgM . tbfTj] rflNksf+ kL8f+ tbf ;lGw+ ;df>o]t\ ..(..
obf k|Åi6f dGo]t ;jf{:t' k|s[tLe{[zd\ . cTo'lR5«t+ tyfTdfg+ tbf s'jL{t lju|xd\ . .!)..
obf dGo]t efj]g Åi6+ k'i6+ an+ :jsd\ . k/:o ljk/Lt+ r tbf ofoflb|k'+ k|lt ..!!..
obf t' :ofTkl/IfL0ff] jfxg]g an]g r . tbf;Lt k|oTg]g zgs}M ;fGTjoÌ/Lg\ ..!@..
dGo]tfl/+ obf /fhf ;j{yf anjQ/d\ . tbf låwf an+ s[Tjf ;fwo]Tsføo{dfTdgM ..!#..
obf k/anfgf+ t' udgLotdf] ej]t\ . tbf t' ;+>o]t\ lIfk|+ wfld{s+ alng+ g[kd\ ..!$..
lgu|x+ k|s[tLgf+ r s'of{b\ of]˜l/an:o r . pk;]j]t t+ lgTo+ ;j{oTg}u'{?+ oyf ..!%..
olb tqflk ;+kZo]b\ bf]if+ ;+>osfl/td\ . ;'o'4d]j tqf˜lk lglj{zÍM ;dfr/]t\ ..!^..
—dg':d[lt -cWofo &÷Znf]s !^!–!&^_ ..
;a} /fhflb /fhk'?ifx¿n] of] s'/f] nIodf /fVg of]Uo 5 ls— hf] -cf;g_ l:y/tf, -ofg_
zq';Fu n8\gsf] nflu hfg', -;lGw_ ltgLx¿;Fu d]n ug'{, -lju|x_ b'i6 zq'x¿;Fu n8fO{+ ug'{, -å}wd\_
b'O{ k|sf/sf] ;]gf agfP/ :jljho ug'{, -;+>o_ / lga{ntfdf bf];|f] k|an /fhfsf] cf>o lng', oL 5M
k|sf/sf sd{ oyfof]Uo sfo{nfO{ ljrf/ u/]/ To;df o'Qm ug'{ kb{5 ..!.. /fhfn] h'g ;lGw, lju|x, ofg,
cf;g, å}wLefj / ;+>o b'O{–b'O{ k|sf/sf x'G5g\, ltgnfO{ oyfjt\ hfgf];\ ..@.. ha -;lGw_ cyf{t\
zq';Fu d]n ug'{ 5 eg] ta p;sf] t'No ;jf/L sd{ u/f];\ cyjf To;b]lv ljk/Lttf u/f];\, k/Gt'
jt{dfg / eljiot\df ug{'kg{] sfd a/fa/ ub}{ hfcf];\, o;}nfO{ b'O{ k|sf/sf] …d]nÚ elgG5 ..#.. -lju|x_
ha sfo{l;l4sf] nflu plrt ;do jf cg'lrt ;dodf :jo+n] u/]sf] jf ldqnfO{ ck/fw ug]{ zq';Fu,
lj/f]w b'O{ k|sf/af6 ug'{kb{5 ..$.. -ofg_ cs:dft\ s'g} sfo{ k|fKt x'Fbfdf PsfsL jf ldqsf] ;fydf
ldn]/ zq'lt/ hfg', o;nfO{ b'O{ k|sf/sf] …udgÚ elgG5 ..%.. ha :jo+ s'g} sf/0fn] IfL0f ePdf cyf{t\
lga{n ePdf, cyjf ldqn] /f]Sbfdf cfˆgf] :yfgdf al;/fVg', o;nfO{ b'O{ k|sf/sf] …cf;gÚ elgG5 ..^..
ha sfo{l;l4sf] nflu ;]gfklt / ;]gfnfO{ b'O{ efudf u/]/ ljho u/fpg', o;nfO{ b'O{ k|sf/sf] …å}wÚ
elgG5 ..&.. Ps s'g} cy{sf] l;l4sf] nflu s'g} anjfg\ /fhf jf s'g} dxfTdfsf] z/0f lng', h;af6
zq'b]lv kLl8t gxf];\ To;}n] b'O{ k|sf/sf] …cf>oÚ lng' elgPsf] xf] ..*.. ha of] a'emf];\ ls olt j]n}
o'4 ugf{n] yf]/} kL8f x'G5, / kZrft\ ugf{n] cfˆgf] j[l4 / ljho cjZo x'G5, ta zq';Fu d]n u/]/
plrt ;dosf] nflu wL/h /fvf];\ ..(.. ha cfˆgf ;a} k|hf jf ;]gf cToGt k|;Ì pÌltzLn, / >]i7
hfgf];\, To:t} cfk"mnfO{ ;Demf];\, Toltv]/} zq';Fu lju|xÖo'4 u/f];\ ..!).. ha cfˆgf] an cyf{t\
;]gfnfO{ xif{ / k'li6o'Qm k|;Ì efjn] hfgf];\, / zq'sf] an cfˆgf] eGbf ljk/Lt lga{n ePsf] j]nfdf,
ta zq'lt/ o'4 ug{sf] nflu hfcf];\ ..!!.. ha ;]gf an jfxgn] IfL0f eof]eg] ta zq'nfO{ lj:tf/}–
lj:tf/} k|oTgn] zfGt ub}{ cfˆgf] :yfgdf al;/fvf];\ ..!@.. ha /fhf zq'nfO{ cToGt anjfg\ hfgf];\
ta låu'0ff jf b'O{ k|sf/sf] ;]gf agfP/ cfˆgf] sfo{ l;4 u/f];\ ..!#.. ha cfk"mnfO{ yfxf eof] ls
zq'n] cfk"mdfly zL3| g} r9fO{ ug]{jfnf 5, ta s'g} wfld{s anjfg\ /fhfsf] cf>o zL3| n]cf];\ ..!$..
h;n] k|hf, cfˆgf] ;]gf / zq'sf] annfO{ lgu|x cyf{t\ /f]Sb5, To;sf] ;]jf ;a} oTgn] u'?sf] ;b[z
lgTo ug]{ u/f];\ ..!%.. h;sf] cf>o n]cf];\, To; ;]ljt k'?ifsf] sd{df bf]if b]v]df ToxfF klg /fd|f];Fu
o'4nfO{ g} lgMzÍ, eP/ u/f];\ ..!^.. hf] wfld{s /fhf x'G5 To;;Fu lj/f]w slxNo} gu/f];\ lsGt' p;;Fu
;bf d]n /fvf];\ / hf] b'i6 k|an x'G5, To;}nfO{ lhTgsf] nflu k"jf]{Qm k|of]u ug'{ plrt x'G5 .
/fhf, pbf;Lg ldq Pj+ zq';Fu rNg] ljlw -^=!$_
;jf]{kfo:tyf s'of{ÌLlt1M k[lyjLkltM . oyf:ofEolwsf g :o'ld{qf]bf;LgzqjM ..!..
cfolt+ ;j{sfof{0ff+ tbfTj+ r ljrf/o]t\ . ctLtfgf+ r ;j]{iff+ u'0fbf]iff} r tŒjtM ..@..
 cfoTof+ u'0fbf]if1:tbfTj] lIfk|lgZroM . ctLt] sføo{z]if1M zq'legf{lee"ot] ..#..
oy}g+ gfle;+bWo'ld{qf]bf;LgzqjM . tyf ;j{+ ;+ljbWofb]if ;fdfl;sf] goM ..$..
—dg':d[lt -cWofo &÷Znf]s !&&–!*)_ ..
gLltnfO{ hfÌ]jfnf k[YjLklt /fhf h'g k|sf/n] p;sf ldq pbf;Lg / zq' clws gx"g\, o:tf]
pkfon] rnf];\ ..!.. ;a} sfo{x¿sf] jt{dfgdf st{Jo, / eljiot\df h]–h] ug'{ 5, / h'g sfd
ul/;lsof] tL ;a}nfO{ oyfy{tfn] u'0f–bf]ifnfO{ ljrf/ u/f];\ ..@.. kZrft\ bf]ifx¿sf] lgjf/0f /
u'0fx¿sf] l:y/tfdf oTg u/f];\ . hf] /fhf eljiot\ cyf{t\ cufl8 ug]{ sd{df u'0f–bf]ifx¿sf] 1ftf,
jt{dfgdf t'/Gt lgZrosf] stf{, / ul/Psf] sfo{sf] z]if st{JonfO{ hfGb5, Tof] zq'b]lv slxNo} klg
k/flht x'Fb}g ..#.. ;a} k|sf/af6 /fhk'?if, ljz]if ;efklt /fhf o:tf] k|oTg u/f];\ ls h'g k|sf/
/fhflb–hgx¿sf ldq pbf;Lg / zq' jzdf u/]/ cGoyf gu/f];\, o:tf] df]xdf slxNo} gkm;f];\,
o;}nfO{ ;+If]kn] …ljgoÚ cyf{t\ …/fhgLltÚ elgG5 ..$..
zq';Fu o'4 ug]{ tl/sf -^=!%_
s[Tjf ljwfg+ d"n] t" oflqs+ r oyfljlw . pku[Xof:kb+ r}j rf/fg\ ;DolUjwfo r ..!..
;+zf]Wo lqljw+ dfu{+ if8\ljw+ r an+ :jsd\ . ;f+k/flossNk]g ofofbl/k'/+ zg}M ..@..
zq';]ljlg ldq] r u"9] o'Qmt/f] ej]t\ . utk|Tofut] r}j ; lx si6t/f] l/k'M ..#..
b08Jo"x]g tGdfu{+ ofofQ' zs6]g jf . j/fxds/fEof+ jf ;"Rof jf u?8]g jf ..$..
otZr eodfzª\s]t\ ttf] lj:tf/o]b\ and\ . kß]g r}j Jo"x]g lgljz]t ;bf :jod\ ..%..
;]gfkltanfWoIff} ;j{lbIf' lgj]zo]t\ . otZr eodfzª\s]t\ k|frL+ tf+ sNko]l2zd\ ..^..
u'Ndf+Zr :yfko]bfKtfg\ s[t;+1fg\ ;dGttM . :yfg] o'4] s'znfgeL¿gljsfl/0fM ..&..
;+xtfg\ of]wo]bNkfg\ sfd+ lj:tf/o]b\ ax"g\ . ;"Rof jh|]0f r}j}tfg\ Jo"x]g Jo"Xo of]wo]t\ ..*..
:oGbgfZj}M ;d] o'Wo]bg"k] gf}låk}:tyf . j[Ifu'Ndfj[t] rfk}/l;rdf{o'w}M :yn] ..(..
k|xif{o]b\ an+ Jo"Xo tfFZr ;Dos\ k/LIfo]t\ . r]i6fZr}j ljhfgLofb/Lg\ of]wotfdlk ..!)..
pk?Wofl/df;Lt /fi6«+ rf:of]kkL8o]t\ . b"ifo]Rrf:o ;tt+ oj;fÌf]bs]Gwgd\ ..!!..
leGBfRr}j t8fuflg k|fsf/kl/vf:tyf . ;dj:sGbo]Rr}g+ /fqf} ljqf;o]Qyf ..!@..
k|df0fflg r s'jL{t t]iff+ wDof{Goyf]lbtfg\ . /Tg}Zr k"ho]b]g+ k|wfgk'?if}M ;x ..!#..
cfbfgdlk|os/+ bfg~r lk|osf/sd\ . ceLlK;tfgfdyf{gf+ sfn] o'Q+m k|z:ot] ..!$..
—dg':d[lt -cWofo &÷Znf]s !*$–!(@, !($–!(^, @)#–@)$_ ..
ha /fhf zq';Fu o'4 ug{sf] nflu hfG5 ta cfˆgf] /fHosf] /Iffsf] k|aGw / ofqfsf] ;a}
;fdfu|L oyfljlw lnP/, ;a} ;]gf, ofg, jfxg, z:qf:qflb k"0f{ lnP/, ;j{q b"tx¿ cyf{t \ rf/}lt/sf
;dfrf/x¿ lbg] k'?ifx¿nfO{ u'Kt :yfkg u/]/, zq'lt/ o'4 ug{sf] nflu hfcf];\ ..!.. tLg k|sf/sf]
dfu{ cyf{t\ klxnf] :yn -e"ld_ df, bf];|f] hn -;d'b| of gbL_ df, t];|f] cfsfzdfu{nfO{ z'4 agfP/
e"lddfu{df /y, 3f]8f, xfQL, hndf gf}sf -8'Fuf_ / cfsfzdf ljdfgflb ofgaf6 hfcf];\ . / k}bn, /y,
xfQL, 3f]8f, z:q, c:q / vfgkfgflb ;fdfu|LnfO{ oyfjt\ ;fydf lnP/ ano'Qm k"0f{ u/]/ s'g}
lgldQnfO{ k|l;4 u/]/ zq'sf] gu/sf] ;dLk lj:tf/}–lj:tf/} hfcf];\ ..@.. Hff] leqleq} zq'l;t ldn]sf]
5, / cfk"mdfly b]vfj6L¿kdf dflyaf6 ldqtf /fVb5, u'Kt tl/sfaf6 To:tf] zq'nfO{ e]lblbg',
To;nfO{ cfpFbf–hfFbfdf, To;;Fu cToGt ;fjwfgL /fVg' lsgeg] leq zq' / aflx/ ldq' eP/ b]lvg]
k'?ifnfO{ 7"nf] zq' dfÌ'kb{5 ..#.. ;a} /fhk'?ifx¿nfO{ o'4 ug]{ ljBf l;sfcf];\ / cfk"mn] klg l;sf];\,
tyf cGo k|hfhgnfO{ klg l;sfcf];\ . hf] k"j{ lzlIft of]4f x'G5g\, ltgLx¿n] g} /fd|f];Fu n8\g–
n8fpg hfGb5g\ . ha lzIff lbG5 ta -b08Jo"x_ b08sf] ;dfg cfˆgf] ;]gfnfO{ rnfcf];\, -zs6 _ )

h;/L zs6 cyf{t\ uf8Ls} ;dfg, -j/fx _ h;/L ;'Fu'/ Ps csf{sf] kl5 bf}8]/ k]ml/ Ps};fy ldNb}
)

e'm08 aGb5g\, To;/L g}, To:t} u/]/ -ds/ _ h;/L uf]xL kfgLdf rNb5, To;/L g} ;]gfnfO{ agfcf];\
)

-;"rLJo"x_ h;/L l;of]sf] cu|efu ;"Id kZrft\ :y"n / To;af6 ;"q :y"n x'G5, To:t} lzIff lbP/
;]gfnfO{ agfcf];\, / h;/L gLns07 -do"/_ n] dfly / tn emk6 dfb{5, To;/L g} ;]gfnfO{ agfP/
n8fcf];\ ..$.. htflt/af6 eo ljlbt x'G5 Totflt/} ;]gfnfO{ k}mnfcf];\, ;a} ;]gfsf kltx¿nfO{
rf/}lt/ /fv]/ -kßJo"x_ cyf{t\ kßfsf/ rf/}lt/af6 ;]gfnfO{ /fv]/ cfk"m dWodf /xf];\ ..%.. ;]gfklt /
anfWoIf cyf{t\ cf1f lbg] / ;]gf;Fu n8\g]–n8fpg] jL/x¿nfO{ cf7} lbzfdf /fVg' . htflt/af6
n8fO{+ e}/x]sf] 5 Tot}lt/ ;]gfsf] d'v kmsf{pg', k/Gt' bf];|f]lt/ klg kSsf k|aGw /fVg', gq eg]
k5fl8 cyjf kfZj{ efuaf6 zq'n] 3ft ug{ ;Dej x'G5 ..^.. hf] u'Nd cyf{t\ b[9 :tDex¿sf] t'No
o'4ljBfn] ;'lzlIft wfld{s l:yt x'g / o'4 ug{df rt'/, eo/lxt, / h;sf] dgdf s'g} k|sf/sf]
ljsf/ gxf];\, pgnfO{ rf/}lt/ /fvf];\ ..&.. yf]/} k'?ifx¿n] w]/};Fu o'4 ug'{ 5 eg] ldnfP/ n8fcf];\ /
h?/t k/]sf] v08df ltg}nfO{ k}mnfOb]cf];\ . ha gu/ b'u{ jf zq'sf] ;]gfdf k|lji6 eP/ o'4 ug'{ 5
eg] ta …;"rLJo"xÚ cyjf …jh|Jo"xÚ h:tf] b'O{ wf/ ePsf] v8\u, b'j}lt/af6 o'4 ub}{ hfg] / k|lji6 klg
x'Fb} hfg] To:t} cg]s k|sf/sf Jo"x cyf{t\ ;]gfnfO{ agfP/ n8fcf];\ . hf] ;fd'Ì] -zt£gL_ tf]k, jf
-e'z'08L_ aGb"s 5'l6/fv]sf 5g\ eg] t …;k{Jo"xÚ cyf{t\ ;k{sf] t'No ;'t]/ hfcf];\, ha tf]kx¿sf]
glhs k'uf];\ ta ltgnfO{ ;dfpFb} tf]ksf] d'v zq'x¿lt/} kmsf{P/ ltg} tf]k jf aGb"s cflbn] pg}
zq'nfO{ dfg'{ cyjf j[4 k'?ifx¿nfO{ tf]kx¿sf] d'vsf] ;fd'Ì] 3f]8fdfly ;jf/L u/fP/ bf}8fpg] /
aLrdf /fd|f–/fd|f ;jf/ /xg'kb{5 . Ps k6s wfjf af]n]/ zq'sf] ;]gfnfO{ l5Ì–leÌ kf/]/ kS8g]
cyjf nv]6\g] ..*.. olb ;de"lddf o'4 ug'{ 5 eg] t /y, 3f]8f / kbftLx¿;FuÙ / ;d'b|df o'4 ug'{ 5
eg] t gf}sfÙ cyjf yf]/} kfgL ePsf] 7fpFdf xfQLdf ;jf/ eP/Ù j[If / emf8Ldf af0fÙ tyf :yn
afn'jfdf tnjf/ / 9fnn] o'4 u/f];\–u/fcf];\ ..(.. hlt j]nf o'4 x'G5, Tof] ;dodf n8fsfx¿nfO{
pT;flxt / xlif{t kf/f];\ . ha o'4 aGw x'G5 ta h;sf] zf}o{ / o'4df pT;fx x'G5, To:tf] jSt[Tjn]
;a}sf] lrQnfO{ a9fcf];\ . cfk"m eGbf klg clws n8\g]jfnfx¿nfO{ vfg–kfg, c:q–z:q–;xfo /
cf}iflwx¿n] k|;Ì /fvf];\ . lagf Jo"xsf] n8fO{+ gu/f];\, gu/fcf];\, nl8/fv]sf cfˆgf ;]gfx¿sf]
r]i6fnfO{ x]b}{/fvf];\ ls 7Ls–7Ls;Fu n8\b}5g\ ls sk6n] n8\b}5g\ ..!).. s'g} j]nf plrt ;lDemof]
eg] t zq'nfO{ rf/}lt/af6 3]/f xfn]/ /fVg] / To;sf] /fHonfO{ kLl8t ug]{, zq'sf] rf/f, cÌ, hn /
OGwgnfO{ b"lift kf/]/ gi6 ul/lbg] ..!!.. zq'sf] tnfp, gu/sf] k|sf]6 / vfN6fx¿nfO{ tf]8 –kmf]8
ul/lbg], /flqdf ltgnfO{ -qf;_ eo lbP/ lhTg] pkfo ug]{ ..!@.. lht]/ ltgLx¿sf] ;fy k|df0f cyf{t\
k|lt1flb n]vfcf];\ / plrt ;do ;lDemof} eg] t To;s} j+z:y s'g} wfld{s k'?ifnfO{ /fhf
agfOb]cf];\ / n]vfcf];\ ls ltdLn] xfd|f] cf1fsf] cg's"n h;/L wd{o'Qm /fhgLlt x'G5, To;s} cg';f/
Gofon] k|hfsf] kfng ug'{kg]{ 5, o:tf] pkb]z u/f];\ / o:tf k'?if ltgsf] ;fydf /fvf];\ ls h;af6
k]ml/ pkb|j gxf];\, / h;n] xfb{5 To;sf] ;Tsf/ k|wfg k'?ifx¿sf] ;fydf ldn]/ /Tgflb pQd
kbfy{x¿ bfg lbP/ u/f];\, o:tf] x'g ghfcf];\ ls h;af6 To;sf] of]uIf]d klg gxf];\ . aGbLu[xdf
/flvPsf] /fhf eP klg To;sf] oyfof]Uo ;Tsf/ ul/of];\ . h;af6 p;n] xf/]sf] zf]sb]lv /lxt eP/
cfgGbn] /xf];\ ..!#.. lsgeg] ;+;f/df csf{sf] kbfy{ u|x0f ug{' ck|Llt / lbg' k|Lltsf] sf/0f xf] . ;fy}
ljz]if u/]/ ;dodf plrt lqmof ug'{ / To; k/flhtnfO{ dgf]jf+l5t kbfy{x¿ lbg' c;fWo} pQd xf] /
To;nfO{ lr9fpg' x'Fb}g, g t xF:;L / 7§f g} u/f];\, ;fd'Ì]af6 æxfdLn] ltdLnfO{ k/flht u/]sf xf}+Æ
o:tf] egf];\ lsGt' tkfO{+ xfd|f] efO x'g'x'G5 OToflb dfGo k|lti7f ;bf u/f];\ ..!$..
lx/0oe"ld;+k|fKTof kfly{jf] g ty}wt] . oyf ldq+ w|'j+ nAWjf s[zdKofoltIfdd\ ..!..
wd{1+ r s[t1+ r t'i6k|s[ltd]j r . cg'/Q+m l:y/f/De+ n3'ldq+ k|z:ot] ..@..
k|f1+ s'nLg+ z"/+ r bftf/d]j r . s[t1+ w[ltdGt~r si6dfx'/l/+ a'wfM ..#..
cfo{tf k'?if1fg+ zf}øo{+ s?0fj]lbtf . :yf}nnIo+ r ;ttd'bf;Lgu'0ff]boM ..$..
—dg':d[lt -cWofo &÷Znf]s @)*–@!!_ ..
ldqsf] nIf0f— /fhf ;'j0f{ / e"ldsf] k|flKtn] To;/L a9\b}g ls h;/L lgZrn k|]do'Qm
eljiot\sf] s'/fnfO{ ;f]Rg] / sfo{ l;4 ug]{ ;dy{ ldq cyjf b'a{n ldqnfO{ klg k|fKt u/]/
a9\b5 ..!.. wd{nfO{ hfÌ], …s[t1Ú ul/Psf] pksf/nfO{ ;bf dfÌ], k|;Ì:jefj, cg'/fuL, l:y/f/DeL,
n3' ;fgf] ldqnfO{ klg k|fKt u/]/, k|z+l;t x'G5 ..@.. ;bf o; s'/fsf] b[9 /fvf];\ ls a'l4dfg\, s'nLg\,
z"/jL/, rt'/, bftf, ul/Psf] s'/fnfO{ hfÌ] / w}o{jfg\ k'?ifnfO{ slxNo} klg zq' gagfcf];\Ù / o:tfnfO{
h;n] zq' agfpF5, To;n] b'Mv kfpF5 ..#.. pbf;Lgsf] nIf0f— h;df k|z+l;t u'0fo'Qm, /fd|f–g/fd|f
dg'iosf] 1fg, z"/jL/tf / s?0ff klgÙ :y"nnIo cyf{t\ dfly–dflysf] s'/fnfO{ lg/Gt/ ;'gfpg] u/f];\,
To;nfO{ …pbf;LgÚ elgG5 ..$..
Pj+ ;j{ldb+ /fhf ;x ;DdGœo dlGqleM . JofofDofKn'To dWofÂ] ef]Q'mdGtMk'/+ ljz]t\ ..
—dg':d[lt -cWofo &÷Znf]s @!^_ ..
k"jf]{Qm k|ftMsfnsf] ;dodf p7]/, zf}rflb ;GWof]kf;g u/]/ jf u/fP/, ;a} dGqLx¿;Fu
ljrf/–ljdz{ u/]/, ;}lgsx¿nfO{ e]6\b}, ;a} e[To / ;]gfWoIfx¿;Fu ldn]/, ltgnfO{ xlif{t u/fpFb},
gfgfk|sf/sf] Jo"xlzIff cyf{t\ sjfh u/fP/, ;a} 3f]8f, xfQL, ufO{ cflbsf] :yfg, z:q / c:qsf]
sf]z tyf j}Bfno, wgsf] sf]znfO{ x]/]/, ;a}k|lt lgTob[li6 /fv]/ h]–hlt ltgdf vf]6 5 eg] lgsfn]/,
Jofofdzfnfdf uP/ Jofofd ug]{, ef]hgsf] nflu cGtMk'/df cyf{t\ kTgL cflbsf] lgjf;:yfgdf k|j]z
u/f];\ / ef]hg ;'k/LlIft, a'l4ank/fqmdj4{s, /f]uljgfzs, cg]s k|sf/sf] cÌ–Jo~hg kfg cflb
;'ulGwt ldi6flb cg]s /;o'Qm pQd u/f];\ ls h;af6 ;bf ;'vL /xg ;lsof];\ . o; k|sf/af6
/fHosf] ;a} pÌlt ug]{ ug"{ .
Jofkf/ cflb tyf /fhefusf] syg -^=!^_
k|hf;Fu /fhfn] s;/L s/ lng'kb{5 o;sf] k|sf/—
k~rfzb\efu cfb]of] /f1f kz'lx/0oof]M . wfGofgfdi6df] efuM ifi7f] åfbz Pj jf ..
—dg':d[lt -cWofo &÷Znf]s !#)_ ..
Jofkf/ ug]{ Jofkf/L jf lzNkLnfO{ ;'j0f{ / rfFbLsf] hlt nfe x'G5 To;df kfFrf}+ efu, rfdn
cflb cÌdf 5}6f}+, cf7f}+ jf afx|f}+ efu lng] u/f];\ / h'g wg lnOG5 Tof] klg o; k|sf/n] lnof];\ ls
h;af6 ls;fg cflb vfg–lkg / wgn] /lxt eP/ b'Mv gkfpmg\ . lsgeg] k|hf wgf9Ø, cf/f]Uo
vfg–kfg cflbn] ;DkÌ /x]df g} /fhfsf] 7"nf] pÌlt x'G5 . k|hfnfO{ cfˆg} ;Gtfg ;b[z ;'v b]cf]; \ /
k|hfn] cfˆgf] lktf ;b[z /fhf / dxfk'?ifx¿nfO{ hfgf];\ . of] s'/f] 7Ls xf] ls /fhfx¿sf /fhf
ls;fg cflb kl/>d ug]{x¿ x'g\ / /fhf ltgsf] /Ifs xf] . olb k|hf g} ePg eg] t /fhf s] sfdsf] <
/ /fhf g} ePg eg] t k|hf s;sf] eÌ] < b'O6} cfˆgf] sfddf :jtGq / ldl;Psf] sfddf k/tGq
/x"g\ . k|hfsf] ;fwf/0f ;Ddltsf] lj?4df /fhf jf /fhk'?if gx"g\, /fhfsf] cf1fsf] lj?4 /fhk'?if jf
k|hf gag"g\, of] /fhfsf] /fhsLo lgh sfd cyf{t\ h;nfO{ …/fhgLltÚ eGb5g\, ;+If]kdf oxfF atfOof] .
ca o; eGbf ljz]if x]g{ rfx]df rf/}j]b / dg':d[lt, zf:qx¿nfO{ x]/]/ lgZro ug{" .
/ h;n] k|hfnfO{ Gofo ug{ rfxG5, To;n] dg':d[ltsf] ci6dfWofo cflbnfO{ /Lltk"j{s x]/]/
dgg ug'{kb{5 . k/Gt' oxfF klg ;+If]kn] n]lvG5—
cÝfx| ljjfbf:kb dfu{x¿df wd{ Pj+ Gofon] rNg] /Llt -^=!&_
k|Tox+ b]zb[i6}Zr zf:qb[i6}Zr x]t'leM . ci6fbz;' dfu]{if' lga4flg k[ys\ k[ys\ ..!..
t]iffdfBd[0ffbfg+ lgIf]kf]˜:jfldljqmoM . ;+e"o r ;d'Tyfg+ bQ:ofgksd{ r ..@..
j]tg:o}j rfbfg+ ;+ljbZr JoltqmdM . qmoljqmofg'zof] ljjfbM :jfldkfnof]M ..#..
;Ldfljjfbwd{Zr kf?io] b08jflrs] . :t]o+ r ;fx;+ r}j :qL;ª\u|x0fd]j r ..$..
:qLk'+wdf]{ ljefuZr B"tdfÃo Pj r . kbfGoi6fbz}tflg Jojxf/l:ytfljx ..%..
t]if' :yfg]if' e"loi7+ ljjfb+ r/tf+ gö0ffd\ . wd{+ zfZjtdfl>To s'of{Tsfo{ljlg0f{od\ ..^..
wdf]{ lj4:Tjwd]{0f ;ef+ oqf]klti7t] . zNo+ rf:o g s[GtlGt lj4f:tq ;ef;bM .&..
;ef jf g k|j]i6Jof jQmJo+ jf ;d~h;d\ . ca|'jlGja|'jGjflk g/f] ejlt lslNjifL ..*..
oq wdf]{ Xowd]{0f ;To+ oqfg[t]g r . xGot] k|]Ifdf0ffgf+ xtf:tq ;ef;bM ..(..
wd{ Pj xtf] xlGt wdf]{ /Iflt /lIftM . t:df4df]{ g xGtJof] df gf] wdf]{ xtf]˜jwLt\ ..!)..
j[iff] lx eujfGwd{:t:o oM s'?t] Xond\ . j[if+ t+ ljb'b]{jf:t:df4d{+ g nf]ko]t\ ..!!..
Ps Pj ;'Å4df]{ lgwg]˜Kog'oflt oM . z/L/]0f ;d+ gfz+ ;j{dGol4 uR5lt ..!@..
Kffbf]˜wd{:o sQf{/+ kfbM ;flIf0fd[R5lt . kfbM ;ef;bM ;jf{g\ kfbf] /fhfgd[R5lt ..!#..
/fhf ejToÌ]gf:t' d'RoGt] r ;ef;bM . Pgf] uR5lt sQf{/+ lgGbfxf]{ oq lgGBt] ..!$..
—dg':d[lt -cWofo *÷Znf]s #–*, !@–!(_ ..
;ef, /fhf / /fhk'?if ;a}hgf b]zfrf/ / zf:qJojxf/ x]t'x¿b]lv lgDglnlvt cÝfx|
ljjfbf:kb dfu{x¿df ljjfbo'Qm sd{x¿sf] lg0f{o k|ltlbg ug]{ ug'{ . / h'g–h'g lgod zf:qf]Qm
gkfOPdf / ltgsf] x'g'kg]{ cfjZostf 7xl/Pdf t pQdf]Qd lgod afFw]/ rnfpg' h;af6 /fhf /
k|hfsf] pÌlt xf];\ ..!.. cÝfx| dfu{ oL x'g\— ltgdf !– -C0ffbfg_ s;};Fu C0f n]g–b]gdf ljjfb . @–
-lgIf]k_ w/f}l6 cyf{t\ s;}n] s;};Fu kbfy{ w/f}l6 /fv]sf] 5 / dfUbf lb+b}g . #–-c:jfldljqmoM_ csf{sf]
kbfy{nfO{ bf];|} dfG5]n] a]lrlbg] . $–-;+e"o r ;d'Tyfgd\_ ldn]dtf] u/]/ s;}dfly cTofrf/ ug'{ . %–
-bQ:ofgksd{ r_ lbPsf] kbfy{nfO{ glbg' . ^–-j]tg:o}j rfbfgd\_ j]tg cyf{t\ s'g} klg gf]s/Laf6
lng' jf yf]/} lbg' cyfjf lb+b} glbg' . &–-;+ljbZr JoltqmdM_ k|lt1fb]lv lj?4 jlQ{g' . *–
-qmoljqmofg'zo_ cyf{t\ n]g–b]gdf emu8f x'g' . (–ljjfbM :jfldkfnof]M_ kz'sf] :jfdL / j:t'
kfNg]jfnf;Fusf] emu8f . !)–;Ldfsf] ljjfb . !!–s;}nfO{ s7f]/ b08 lbg' . !@–s7f]/ jf0fL af]Ng' .
!#–rf]/L jf 8s}tL dfg'{ . !$–s'g} sfd anfTsf/n] ug'{ . !%–s;}sL :qL jf k'?ifdf Jolerf/ x'g' .
!^–:qL / k'?ifsf] wd{df Joltqmd x'g' . !&–ljefu -c+za08f_ bfoefudf jfb p7\g' . !*–B"t cyf{t\
h8 kbfy{ / ;dfÃo cyf{t\ r]tgnfO{ bfpdf /fv]/ h'jf v]Ng' . oL cÝfx| k|sf/sf k/:k/ lj?4
Jojxf/x¿sf :yfg x'g\ ..%.. oL Jojxf/x¿df w]/} ljjfb ug]{ k'?ifx¿nfO{ Gofosf] ;gftgwd{sf]
cf>o cyf{t\ t/fh'af6 lg0f{o ug]{ ug'{, cyf{t\ s;}nfO{ klg kIfkft slxNo} gug'{ ..^.. h'g ;efdf
cwd{n] 3fOt] eP/ wd{ pkl:yt x'G5Ù olb To;sf] zNo cyf{t\ tL/jt\ wd{sf] snÍnfO{ lgsfn]/
cwd{sf] 5]bg ub}{g eg], cyf{t\ wdL{nfO{ dfg]/ cwdL{nfO{ b08 lb+b}geg], To; ;efdf hlt ;ef;b
5g\ tL ;a} 3fOt]s} ;dfg ePsf] ;lDemOG5 ..&.. wfld{s dg'ionfO{ of] of]Uo x'G5 ls ;efdf slxNo}
k|j]z gu/f];\, olb k|j]z ug}{ k/]df klg k|j]z u/]/ ;To g} af]nf];\Ù hf] s'g} ;efdf cGofo e}/x]sf]
b]v]/ klg r'k /xG5, cyjf ;To Gofosf] lj?4 af]Nb5, Tof] dxfkfkL x'G5 ..*.. h'g ;efdf cwd{n]
wd{, c;Ton] ;To ;a} ;ef;bx¿n] x]bf{x]b}{df dfl/G5, To; ;efdf ePsf hlt ;a} d[tssf ;dfg
x'g\, ltgLx¿df hLpFbf] sf]xL klg x'Fb}g ..(.. d/]sf] wd{n] dfg]{jfnfsf] gfz / /lIft ul/Psf] wd{n]
/Ifssf] /Iff ub{5, To;}n] wd{sf] xgg ulxNo} klg gug'{, sf/0f ls dfl/Psf] wd{n] slxNo} klg
cfk"mnfO{ gdf/f];\ ..!).. hf] ;a} P]Zjo{x¿nfO{ lbg] / ;'vsf] jiff{ u/fpg]jfnf wd{ xf], To;sf] nf]k
ub{5 eg] To;nfO{ dfG5]x¿n] …j[ifnÚ cyf{t\ z"b| / gLr eGb5g\ . To;}n] s'g} klg dg'ion] wd{sf]
nf]k ug{ plrt x'Fb}g ..!!.. o; ;+;f/df Pp6} dfq wd{ ;'Åb\ xf], h'g d[To' kZrft\ klg ;fy rNb5Ù
/ ;a} kbfy{ jf ;ËL, z/L/sf] gfz x'gf;fy g} gfznfO{ k|fKt x'G5g\, cyf{t\ ;a}sf] ;Ë 5'6\b5 k/Gt'
wd{sf] ;Ë slxNo} klg 5'6\b}g ..!@.. ha /fh;efdf kIfkftaf6 cGofo ul/G5 eg] ToxfF cwd{sf] rf/
ljefu x'g hfG5, To;df klxnf] cwd{sf] stf{, bf];|f] ;fIfL, t];|f] ;ef;bx¿ / rf}yf] kfb cwdL{
;efsf] ;efklt /fhfnfO{ k|fKt x'G5 ..!#.. h'g ;efdf lgGbfsf of]Uox¿sf] lgGbf, :t'ltsf of]Uox¿sf]
:t'lt, b08sf of]Uox¿nfO{ b08 / dfGosf of]Uox¿nfO{ dfGotf k|fKt x'G5, ToxfF /fhf / ;ef;b
kfkb]lv /lxt / kljq x'G5g\, kfksf] stf{nfO{ g} kfk k|fKt x'G5 ..!$..
;fIfLsf] nflu st{Jo / pkb]z -^=!*_
ca ;fIfL s:tf] x'g'kb{5—
cfKtfM ;j]{if' j0f]{if' sføof{M sfo]{if' ;flIf0fM . ;j{wd{ljbf]˜n'Awf ljk/Ltf+:t' jh{o]t\ ..!..
:qL0ff+ ;fIo+ l:qoM s'o'{lå{hfgf+ ;b[zf låhfM . z"b|fZr ;GtM z"b|f0ffdGTofgfdGToof]goM ..@..
;fx;]if' r ;j]{if' :t]o;ª\u|x0f]if' r . jfUb08of]Zr kf?io] g k/LIf]t ;flIf0fM ..#..
ax'Tj+ kl/u[ÄLoft\ ;flIfå}w] g/flwkM . ;d]if' t' u'0ff]Ts[i6fg\ u'l0få}w] låhf]Qdfg\ ..$..
;dIfbz{gfT;fIo+ >j0ffRr}j l;Wolt . tq ;To+ a|'jG;fIfL wdf{yf{Eof+ g xLot] ..%..
;fIfL b[i6>'tfbGolåa|'jÌføo{;+;lb . cjfª\g/sdEo]lt k|]To :juf{Rr xLot] ..^..
:jefj]g}j ob\ a|o" ':tb\ u|fXo+ Jofjxfl/sd\ . ctf] obGolåa|"o'wd{df{y{+ tbkfy{sd\ ..&..
;efGtM ;flIf0fM k|fKtfgly{k|Toly{;lÌwf} . k|f8\ljjfsf]˜g'o'~hLt ljlwgf˜g]g ;fGTjog\ ..*..
ob\ åof]/gof]j]{Ty sfo]{˜l:dFZr]li6t+ ldyM . tb\ a|"t ;j{+ ;To]g o'idfs+ Xoq ;flIftf ..(..
;To+ ;fIo] a|'jG;fIfL nf]sfgfKgf]lt k'isnfg\ . Ox rfg'Qdf+ sLlt{+ jfu]iff a|Xdk"lhtf ..!)..
;To]g k"ot] ;fIfL wd{M ;To]g j4{t] . t:dfT;To+ lx jQmJo+ ;j{j0f]{if' ;flIfleM ..!!..
cfTd}j XofTdgM ;fIfL ult/fTdf tyfTdgM . dfjd+:yfM :jdfTdfg+ gö0ff+ ;flIf0fd'Qdd\ ..!@..
o:o ljåfg\ lx jbtM If]q1f] gflezÍt] . t:dfÌ b]jfM >]of+;+ nf]s]˜Go+ k'?if+ ljb'M ..!#..
Psf]˜xd:dLTofTdfg+ oŒj+ sNof0f dGo;] . lgTo+ l:yt:t] ÅB]ifM k'0okfk]lIftf d'lgM ..!$..
—dg':d[lt cWofo -*÷Znf]s ^#, ^*, &@–&%, &*–*!, *#, *$, (^, (!_ ..
;a} j0f{x¿df wfld{s, ljåfg\, lgisk6L, ;a} k|sf/af6 wd{nfO{ hfÌ], nf]e/lxt,
;TojfbLx¿nfO{ GofoJoj:yfdf ;fIfL /fVg', oL b]lv ljk/Ltx¿nfO{ slxNo} g/fVg' ..!.. :qLx¿sf
;fIfL :qL, låhx¿sf ;fIfL låhÙ z"b|x¿sf z"b| / cGTohx¿sf cGToh g} ;fIfLdf /fVg' ..@.. hlt
anfTsf/sf] sfd, rf]/L, Jolerf/Ù s7f]/ jrg, b08lgkftg ¿k ck/fw 5g\, logdf ;fIfLsf] k/LIff
glng' / cTofjZos klg g;Demg', lsgeg] oL sfd ;a} u'Kt x'G5g\ ..#.. b'j}lt/sf ;fIfLx¿df
ax'kIffg';f/, t'No ;fIfLdf pQd u'0fL k'?ifnfO{ ;fIfLsf] cg's"n, / b'O6}sf ;fIfL pQd u'0fL / t'No
5g\ eg] …låhf]QdÚ cyf{t\ Clif, dxlif{ / oltx¿sf] ;fIfLsf] cg';f/ Gofo ug]{ ug'{ ..$.. b'O{ k|sf/af6
;fIfL x'gsf] nflu l;4 x'G5— Ps ;fIfft\ b]Vgfn] / bf];|f] ;'Ìfn]Ù ha ;efdf ;f]lwG5 ta ;fIfLn]
;To af]nf];\, Tof] wd{xLg / b08sf] of]Uo gxf];\ / h'g ;fIfLn] ldYof af]Nb5, Tof] oyfof]Uo b08gLo
xf];\ ..%.. h;n] /fh;ef jf s'g} pQd k'?ifx¿sf] ;efdf b]v]sf] / ;'g]sf] eGbf ljk/Lt ;fIfL as]df
t Tof] -cjfª\g/s_ cyf{t\ lhÃfsf] 5]bgaf6 b'Mv¿k g/snfO{ jt{dfg ;dodf k|fKt xf];\, /
d/]kZrft\ ;'vb]lv xLg agf];\ ..^.. ;fIfLsf] To; jrgnfO{ dfÌ' h'g :jefj}n] To; Jojxf/–;DaGwL
jrg af]Nb5 / o;b]lv leÌ l;sfOPsf] h'g–h'g jrg af]Nb5, To;–To;nfO{ GofofwLzn] Joy{
;lDemof];\ ..&.. ha cyL{ -jfbL_ / k|ToyL{ -k|ltjfbL_ sf] ;fd'Ì] ;efsf] ;dLkdf k|fKt ePsf
;fIfLx¿nfO{ zflGtk"j{s GofofwLz / k|f8\ljkfs cyf{t\ jlsn jf a}l/:6/n] o; k|sf/n] ;f]wf];\ ..*..
—x] ;fIfLx¿ xf] Û o; sfo{df oL b'O6fsf] k/:k/ sd{df h] ltdLn] hfGb5f} Ù To;nfO{ ;Tosf] ;fydf
eg, lsgeg] ltdL To; sfo{df ;flIftf 5f} ..(.. lsgeg] h'g ;fIfLn] ;To af]Nb5, Tof] hGdfGt/df
pQd hGd / pQd nf]sfGt/x¿df hGd k|fKt u/]/ ;'v ef]Ub5 . o; hGd jf k/hGddf pQd
sLlt{nfO{ k|fKt ub{5, lsgeg] h'g of] jf0fL xf] ToxL j]bx¿df ;Tsf/ / lt/:sf/sf] sf/0f n]lvPsf]
5 . h;n] ;To af]Nb5 Tof] k|ltli7t / ldYofjfbL lglGbt x'G5 ..!).. ;To af]Ngfn] ;fIfL kljq x'G5,
/ ;To g} af]Ngfn] wd{ a9\b5Ù To;}n] ;a} j0f{x¿df ;fIfLx¿n] ;To g} af]Ng] ug'{kb{5 ..!!.. cfTdfsf]
;fIfL cfTdf, / cfTdfsf] ult cfTdf xf]Ù o;nfO{ hfg]/ x] k'?if Û tF ;a} dg'iosf] pQd ;fIfL cfˆgf]
cfTdfsf] ckdfg gu/ cyf{t\ oxL ;Toefif0f xf] ls h'g t]/f] cfTdf, dg / jf0fLdf Pp6} 5 Tof] ;To
/ o;b]lv ljk/Lt Tof] ldYofefif0f xf] ..!@.. h'g af]Nb} u/]sf] k'?ifsf] ljåfg\ …If]q1Ú cyf{t\ z/L/nfO{
hfÌ] cfTdfn] leqleq} zÍf k|fKt ub}{gÙ To;b]lv leÌ ljåfg\x¿ s;}nfO{ pQd k'?if hfGb}gg\ ..!#.. x]
sNof0fsf] OR5f ug]{ k'?if Û hf] tF æd PSn} 5'Æ o:tf] cfˆgf] cfTdfdf hfg]/ ldYof af]Nb5;\ Tof] 7Ls
xf]Og lsGt' h'g bf];|f] t]/f] Åbodf cGtof{dL¿kaf6 k/d]Zj/ k'0o–kfknfO{ x]g]{jfnf d'lg l:yt 5,
To; k/dfTdfb]lv 8/fP/ ;w}+ ;To af]Ng] ug{' ..!$..
e'm6f ;fIfLsf] nflu b08 ljlw -^=!(_
nf]efGdf]xfb\eofGd}qfTsfdfTqmf]wfQy}j r . c1fgfb\ afnefjfRr ;fIo+ ljtyd'Rot] ..!..
PiffdGotd] :yfg] oM ;fIodg[t+ jb]t\ . t:o b08ljz]iffF:t' k|jIofDog'k"j{zM ..@..
nf]efT;x;|+ b08Ø:t' df]xfTk"j{Gt' ;fx;d\ . eofb\ åf} dWodf} b08Øf} d}qfTk"j{+ rt'u'{0fd\ ..#..
sfdf2zu'0f+ k"j{+ qmf]wfQ' lqu'0f+ k/d\ . c1fgfb\ å] zt] k"0f]{ aflnZofR5td]j t' ..$..
pk:yd'b/+ lhÃf x:tf} kfbf} r k~rdd\ . rIf'gf{;f r s0ff}{ r wg+ b]x:ty}j r ..%..
cg'aGw+ kl/1fo b]zsfnf} r tŒjtM . ;f/f˜k/fwf} rfnf]So b08+ b08Ø]if' kfto]t\ ..^..
cwd{b08g+ nf]s] ozf]£g+ sLlQ{gfzgd\ . c:jUo{~r k/qflk t:dfQTkl/jh{o]t\ ..&..
cb08ØfGb08og\ /fhf b08Øf+Zr}jfKob08og\ . cozf] dxbfKgf]lt g/s+ r}j uR5lt ..*..
jfUb08+ k|yd+ s'of{l4Ub08+ tbgGt/d\ . t[tLo+ wgb08+ t' jwb08dtM k/d\ ..(..
—dg':d[lt -cWofo *÷Znf]s !!*–!@!, !@%–!@(_ ..
b|i6JoM o;df b08sf] /sd clxn]sf] ljlgdo cg';f/ ldnfP/ /flvPsf] 5 .
h;n] nf]e, df]x, eo, ldqtf, sfd, qmf]w, c1fg / afnskgaf6 ;fIfL lbG5 eg] Tof] ;a}nfO{
ldYof ;Demg' ..!.. oL dWo]sf s'g} :yfgdf ;fIfLn] e'm6 af]n] To;nfO{ jIodf0f cg]sljw b08 lbg]
ug'{ ..@.. hf] nf]en] e'm6f] ;fIfL lbG5 eg] To;nfO{ @% ?k}ofF b08 n]cf];\, h;n] df]xaf6 e'm6f] ;fIfL
lbG5 % ?k}ofF, h;n] eoaf6 ldYof ;fIfL lbG5 !) ?k}ofF, h;n] ldqtfsf] sf/0fn] e'm6f] ;fIfL lbG5
To;nfO{ @) ?k}ofF ..#.. h;n] sfdgfaf6 k|]l/t eP/ e'm6f] ;fIfL lbG5 To;nfO{ $) ?k}ofF, h;n]
qmf]waf6 ;fIfL lbG5 To;nfO{ &$ ?k}ofF, h;n] c1fgaf6 ;fIfL lbG5 !) ?k}ofF, h;n] afnskgaf6
ldYof ;fIfL lbG5 # ?k}ofF b08 nufpg'kb{5 ..$.. b08sf pk:y]lGb|o, pb/, lhÃf, xft, v'§f, cfFvf,
gfs, sfg, wg / b]x oL bz :yfg x'g\ h;df b08 lbg] ul/G5 ..%.. k/Gt' hlt–hlt b08 n]lvPsf] 5
/ n]lvg]5 h:t} nf]en] e'm6f] ;fIfL lb+bfdf @% ?k}ofF n]lvPsf] 5 k/Gt' Tof] olb cToGt lgw{g 5 eg]
t To;eGbf yf]/} / olb wgf9Ø 5 eg] t To; eGbf b'O{u'0ff, tLgu'0ff, rf}u'0ff ;Dd klg n]cf]; \
cyf{t\ h:tf] b]z, sfn, k'?if / ck/fwsf] k|s[lt x]/]/ To;nfO{ To:t} b08–;hfoF nufpg' ..^.. lsgeg]
o; ;+;f/df h'g cwd{n] b08 u/fOG5, To;n] k"j{ k|lti7f, jt{dfg / eljiot\df x'g] sLlt{nfO{ gfz
ub{5 / k/hGddf klg b'Mvbfos x'G5, To;}n] cwd{o'Qm b08 s;}dfly gug'{ ..&.. hf] /fhf
b08gLonfO{ b08 glbg] / cb08gLonfO{ b08 lbg] ub{5 cyf{t\ b08 lbg of]UonfO{ 5f]l8lbG5 To;n]
hLpFb}df 3f]/ lgGbf / d/]kl5 7"nf] b'MvnfO{ k|fKt ub{5, To;}n] h;n] ck/fw ub{5 To;nfO{ ;bf b08
/ cgk/fwLnfO{ b08 slxNo} klg gb]cf];\ ..*.. k|yd jf0fLsf] b08 cyf{t\ To;sf] …lgGbfÚ, bf];|f] …lws\Ú
cyf{t\ tFnfO{ lwSsf/ 5 ls t}+n] o:tf] g/fd|f] sfd ul/;\, t];|f] …wgb08Ú cyf{t\ …wg lng'Ú / …jwÚ b08
cyf{t\ To;nfO{ sf]/f{ jf a]tsf] nf7Ln] xfÌ' jf lz/ sfl6lbg' ..(..
rf]/sf] nflu b08sf] JofVof -^=@)_
o]g o]g oyfË]g :t]gf] g[if' ljr]i6t] . tQb]j x/]b:o k|Tofb]zfo kfly{jM ..!..
lktfrføo{M ;'ÅGdftf eføof{ k'qM k'/f]lxtM . gfb08Øf] gfd /f1f]˜l:t oM :jwd]{ g lti7lt ..@..
sfiff{k0f+ ej]208Øf] oqfGoM k|fs[tf] hgM . tq /fhf ej]208ØM ;x;|ldlt wf/0ff ..#..
ci6fkfBGt' z"b|:o :t]o] ejlt lslNjifd\ . iff]8z}j t' j}Zo:o åflq+zTIflqo:o r ..$..
a|fXd0f:o rt'Mifli6M k"0f{+ jflk zt+ ej]t\ . låu'0ff jf rt'Mifli6:t2f]ifu'0fljl4 ;M ..%..
P]Gb|+ :yfgdlek|]K;'o{zZrfIfodJood\ . gf]k]If]t If0fdlk /fhf ;fxl;s+ g/d\ ..^..
jfUb'i6fQ:s/fRr}j b08]g}j r lx+;tM . ;fx;:o g/M sQf{ lj1]oM kfks[QdM ..&..
;fx;] jQ{dfg+ t' of] dif{olt kfly{jM . ; ljgfz+ j|hTofz' ljå]if+ rflwuR5lt ..*..
g ldqsf/0ffb|fhf ljk'nfåf wgfudft\ . ;d'T;[h]t\ ;fxl;sfg\ ;j{e"teofjxfg\ ..(..
u'?+ jf afnj[4f} jf a|fXd0f+ jf ax'>'td\ . cfttflogdfofGt+ xGofb]jfljrf/og\ ..!)..
gfttflojw] bf]iff] xGt'e{jlt sZrg . k|sfz+ jf˜k|sfz+ jf dGo':tGdGo'd[R5lt ..!!..
o:o :t]gM k'/] gfl:t gfGo:qLuf] g b'i6jfs\\ . g ;fxl;sb08£gf} ; /fhf zqmnf]sefs\ ..!@..
—dg':d[lt -cWofo *÷Znf]s ##$–##*, #$$–#$&, #%)–#%!, #*^_ ..
rf]/ h'g k|sf/n] h'g–h'g cËåf/f dg'iosf] lj?4 r]i6f ub{5Ù To;–To; cËnfO{ dg'iosf]
lzIffsf] nflu /fhfn] x/0f cyf{t\ 5]bg ul/b]cf];\ ..!.. rfx] lktf, cfrfo{, ldq, dftf, :qL, k'q /
k'/f]lxt g} lsg gxf];\Ù hf] :jwd{df l:yt /xFb}g, Tof] /fhfsf] cb08Ø x'Fb}g . cyf{t\ ha /fhf
Gofof;gdf a;]/ Gofo ub{5 ta s;}sf] kIfkft gu/f];\ lsGt' oyf]lrt b08 b]cf];\ ..@.. h'g
ck/fwdf ;fwf/0f dg'ionfO{ Ps k};f b08 x'G5Ù To;} ck/fwdf /fhfnfO{ xhf/ k};f b08 xf]cf];\
cyf{t\ ;fwf/0f dg'iosf] eGbf /fhfnfO{ xhf/ u'0ff b08 x'g'kb{5 . lbjfg cyf{t\ /fhfsf dGqLnfO{
cf7 ;o u'0ff, To; eGbf Go"gnfO{ ;ft ;o u'0ff / To; eGbf klg Go"gnfO{ 5M ;o u'0ff, o;} k|sf/
pQ/–pQ/ cyf{t\ h'g Ps ;fgf] eGbf ;fgf] e[To cyf{t\ rk/f;L xf], To;nfO{ cf7 u'0ff eGbf sDtL
x'g'x'Fb}g . lsgeg] olb k|hfk'?ifx¿ eGbf /fhk'?ifx¿nfO{ clws b08 x'Fb}g eg] t /fhk'?ifx¿n]
k|hfk'?ifx¿sf] gfz ul/lbG5g\ . h;/L l;+x clws / afv«f yf]/} x'Fbfdf jzdf kl/xfNb5 . To;}n]
/fhfb]lv lnP/ ;fgf eGbf ;fgf e[To ko{Gt /fhk'?ifx¿nfO{ ck/fwdf k|hfk'?ifx¿sf] eGbf clws
b08 x'g'kb{5 ..#.. To;/L g} hf] ljj]sL x'Fb} rf]/L ub{5, To; z"b|sf] rf]/Ldf cf7 u'0ff, j}ZonfO{ ;f]x|
u'0ff, IflqonfO{ aQL; u'0ff ..$.. a|fXd0fnfO{ rf};ÝL u'0ff jf ;o u'0ff cyjf Ps ;o cÝfO{; u'0ff
b08 lbg'kb{5 . cyf{t\ h;sf] hlt 1fg / k|lti7f clws x'G5, To;sf] ck/fwdf pltg} clws b08
x'g'kb{5 ..%.. /fHosf] clwsf/L, wd{ / P]Zjo{nfO{ rfxg] /fhfn] anfTsf/ sfd ug]{ 8fFs"x¿nfO{ b08
lbgdf Ps If0f klg ljnDa ug'{x'Fb}g ..^..
;fxl;s k'?ifsf] nIf0f o:tf] x'G5—
h;n] b'i6 jrg af]Nb5, rf]/L ub{5, lagf ck/fwaf6 b08 lbg] eGbf klg ;fx; anfTsf/–
sfd ug]{ jfnf ctLj kfkL b'i6 xf] ..&.. h'g /fhf ;fx;df jt{dfg k'?ifnfO{ b08 glbP/ ;xg ub{5,
Tof] /fhf zL3| g} gfznfO{ k|fKt x'G5 / /fHodf å]if p7\b5 ..*.. g ldqtf, g k'isn wgsf] k|flKtn]
klg, /fhf ;a} k|f0fLx¿nfO{ b'Mv lbg] ;fxl;s dg'ionfO{ aGwg–5]bg u/] lagf slxNo} g5f]8\g' ..(..
rfx] u'? xf];\, rfx] k'qflb afns xf];\, rfx] lktf cflb j[4 xf];\, rfx] a|fXd0f / rfx] w]/} zf:qx¿sf]
>f]tf lsg gxf];\Ù h;n] wd{nfO{ 5f]8]/ cwd{nfO{ jt{dfg lagf ck/fw csf{nfO{ dfg]{jfnf, o:tfnfO{
lagf ljrf/ dfl/xfNg'kb{5 / df/]kl5 dfq} ljrf/ ug'{kb{5 ..!).. b'i6 k'?ifx¿nfO{ dfbf{df xGtfnfO{
kfk x'Fb}gÙ rfx] k|l;4 df/f];\ rfx] ck|l;4, lsgeg] qmf]wLnfO{ qmf]wn] g} dfg'{kb{5 cyf{t\ qmf]w;Fu
qmf]wsf] g} n8fO{+ x'G5 ..!!.. h'g /fhfsf] /fHodf g rf]/, g k/:qLufdL, g b'i6 jrg af]Ng]jfnf, g
;fxl;s 8fFs" / gb08£g cyf{t\ /fhfsf] cf1fnfO{ eË ug]{jfnf x'Fb}g, Tof] /fhf ctLj >]i7 xf] ..!@..
eQf{/+ n‹o]Bf :qL :j1fltu'0fblk{tf . tf+ ZjleM vfbo]b|fhf ;+:yfg] ax';+l:yt] ..!..
k'df+;+ bfxo]Tkfk+ zog] tKt cfo;] . cEofbWo'Zr sfi7flg tq bXo]t kfks[t\ ..@..
 bL3f{Wjlg oyfb]z+ oyfsfn+ t/f] ej]t\ . gbLtL/]if' tlåBft\ ;d'b|] gfl:t nIf0fd\ ..#..
cxGoxGoj]If]t sdf{GtfGjfxgflg r . cfoJoof} r lgotfjfs/fGsf]ifd]j r ..$..
Pj+ ;jf{lgdfg\ /fhf Jojxf/fG;dfkog\ . Jokf]Xo lslNjif+ ;j{+ k|fKgf]lt k/df+ ultd\ ..%..
—dg':d[lt -cWofo *÷Znf]s #&!–#&@, $)^, $!(–$@)_ ..
h'g :qL cfˆgf] hflt u'0fsf] 3d08n] kltnfO{ 5f]8]/ Jolerf/ ub{5], To;nfO{ y'k|} :qL /
k'?ifx¿sf] ;fd'Ì] tflnd k|fKt s's'/x¿af6 6f]sfP/ dfg'{ ..!.. To;/L g} cfˆgL :qLnfO{ 5f]8]/ k/:qL
jf j]Zofudg ub{5 eg], To; kfkLnfO{ kmnfdsf] kn+unfO{ clUgdf ttfP/ /ftf] agfpFb} To;dfly
;'tfP/ ;a}sf] ;fd'Ì] e:d ul/lbg' ..@..
k|Zg— olb /fhf jf /fgL cyjf GofofwLz jf p;sL :qLn] Jolerf/flb s'sd{ u/] eg] t
ltgnfO{ s;n] b08 lbg] t <
pQ/— ;ef, cyf{t\ ltgnfO{ k|hfk'?ifx¿sf] eGbf klg clws b08 ldNg'kb{5 .
k|Zg— /fhflbn] ltgLx¿af6 b08 lsg u|x0f ug]{ <
pQ/— /fhf klg Pp6f k'0ofTdf efUozfnL dg'io xf] . ha p;nfO{ b08 glbg] / p;n] b08
u|x0f gu/] t c¿ dfG5]n] lsg dfÌ] < / ha ;a} k|hf / k|wfg /fHoflwsf/L / ;ef wfld{stfn] b08
lbg rfxG5g\ eg] t PSnf] /fhfn] s] ug{ ;Sb5 / < olb o:tf] Joj:yf ePg eg] t /fhf k|wfg /
;a} ;dy{ k'?if cGofodf 8'a]/ Gofowd{nfO{ 8'afpFb} ;a} k|hfsf] gfz ub{5 / cfk"m klg gi6 x'g
hfG5 cyf{t\ Znf]ssf] cy{nfO{ :d/0f u/ ls Gofoo'Qm b08sf] g} gfd /fhf / wd{ xf], h;n] o;sf]
nf]k ub{5, Tof] eGbf gLr c¿ sf] x'g ;Sb5 / <
k|Zg— o:tf] s8f b08 x'g' plrt ePg, lsgeg] dg'ion] s'g} cËnfO{ agfpg jf lhnfpg
;Sb}g, To;}n] o:tf] b08 lbg'x'Fb}g .
pQ/— h;n] o;nfO{ s8f b08 dfGb5g\, ltgLx¿n] /fhgLltnfO{ a'‰b}gg\, lsgeg] Ps
k'?ifnfO{ o; k|sf/sf] b08 ldNgfn] ;a} hgf g/fd|f] sfd ug{b]lv kl5 x6\g]5g\, 3l6of sfd ug]{
5}gg\ . g/fd|f] sfdnfO{ 5f]8]/ wd{dfu{df l:yt /xg]5g\ . o;af6 ;fFRrf] s'/f s] eg] Pp6f tf]/Lsf]
u]8fhlQ klg of] b08 ;a}sf] efudf kg]{5}g / olb ;'ud b08 lbOof] eg] t b'i6 sfd a9]/ hfg]5 .
h;nfO{ ltdLn] ;'ud b08 eGb5f}, Tof] s/f]8f}+ u'0ff clws x'gfn] s/f]8f}+ u'0ff sl7g x'G5, lsgeg]
ha w]/} dfG5]n] b'i6 sd{ ug]{5g\ ta yf]/}–yf]/} b08 klg lbg'kb{5 . cyf{t\ h:t} Pp6fnfO{ dge/L
b08 eof] eg] csf]{nfO{ kfpe/L t kfpe/L eGbf clws, Ps dg b08 x'G5 eg] t k|To]s dg'iosf]
efudf cfwfkfp aL;;]/ b08 k¥of], ;'ud b08nfO{ b'i6x¿n] s] ;DemG5g\ < h;/L Pp6fnfO{ Ps
dg !))) / xhf/ dg'ionfO{ kfp–kfp b08 eof] eg] t 5M ;jf 5M dg'io hfltdf b08 x'gfn]
clws / oxL s8f tyf of] Ps dg b08 Go"g / ;'ud x'G5 .
h'g nfdf] dfu{df ;d'b|sf] vf8Lx¿ jf gbL tyf 7"nf gbdf hlt nfdf] b]z kb{5, Tolt …s/Ú
:yfkg ug]{ / dxf;d'b|df lglZrt …s/Ú :yfkg ug{ ;lsÌ lsGt' h:tf] cg's"n b]lvG5 ls h;af6
/fhf / 7"nf–7"nf 8'FufnfO{ rnfpgdf b'O6} nfeo'Qm xf]pmg\, To:tf] Joj:yf ug'{ . k/Gt' of] Vofn
/fVg'kb{5 ls hf] o:tf] eGb5g\ ls k|yd hxfh rNb}gy], ltgLx¿ e'm6f x'g\ / b]z–b]zfGt/, åLk–
åLkfGt/df 8'Fufaf6 ofqf ug]{ cfˆgf k|hf:y k'?ifx¿sf] ;j{q /Iff u/]/ ltgLx¿nfO{ s'g} k|sf/sf]
b'Mv x'g gkfcf];\ o:tf] Joj:yf ug]{ ..#.. /fhfn] -k|ltlbgsf sd{x¿sf] ;dflKtsf], xfQL–3f]8f cflb
jfxgx¿sf], lgot nfe / vr{sf]_ cfP/ /Tgflbsx¿sf] vfgL / sf]if -e08f/_ nfO{ x]g]{ u/f];\ ..$..
/fhfn] o; k|sf/sf ;a} Jojxf/x¿sf] oyfjt\ ;dflKt ub}{–ub}{ ;a} kfknfO{ 5f]8]/ k/dultsf]
df]If;'vnfO{ k|fKt ub{5 ..%..
k|Zg— ;+:s[t ljBfdf k"/f–k"/f /fhgLlt 5 ls cw"/f] <
pQ/— k"/f 5, lsgeg] e"uf]ndf h'g–h'g /fhgLlt rNof] / rNg]5 Tof] ;a} ;+:s[t ljBfaf6}
lnPsf x'g\, / h;sf] k|ToIf n]v 5}g, o;sf] nflu—
k|Tox+ nf]sb[i6}Zr zf:qb[i6}Zr x]t'leM .. —dg':d[lt -cWofo *÷Znf]s #_ ..
h'g–h'g lgod /fhf / k|hfx¿sf] nflu ;'vsf/s / wd{o'Qm b]lvG5 tL–tL lgodx¿nfO{ k"0f{
ljåfg\x¿sf] /fh;efdf k|of]udf Nofpgsf] nflu agfpg' . k/Gt' o;dfly lgTo Wofg /xf];\ ls
hxfF;Dd aÌ ;Sb5, ToxfF;Dd afNoj:yfdf ljjfx ug{ / x'g glbg' . o'jfj:yfdf klg lagf
k|;Ìtfn] gug',{ gu/fpg' / ug{ glbg' . a|Xdro{sf] oyfjt\ ;]jg ug'{–u/fpg' . Jolerf/ /
ax'ljjfxnfO{ aGw u/f];\ ls h;af6 z/L/ / cfTdfdf k"0f{ an ;bf /xf];\ . lsgeg] h;n] s]jn
cfTdfsf] an cyf{t\ ljBf 1fg a9fpFb} hfG5 / z/L/sf] an a9fPg eg] t Ps anjfg\ z/L/af6
;os8f}+ ljåfg\x¿nfO{ lhTg;Sb5 . k]ml/ olb z/L/sf] dfq} an a9fOof], cfTdfsf] xf]Og, ta klg
/fHo k'?if / kfngsf] pQd Joj:yf lagf ljBfn] slxNo} klg x'g ;Sb}g . lagf Joj:yfaf6 Ps–
cfk;df g} k'm6 k/]/ lj/f]w / n8fO{+ u/]/ e}m–emu8fn] gi6–e|i6 x'g hfG5g\ . To;}n] z/L/ /
cfTdfsf] annfO{ ;bf a9fpFb} /fVg'kb{5 . h:t} an / a'l4sf] gfzs Jojxf/, Jolerf/ /
cltljifof;lQm x'G5, To:tf] c¿ s'g} 5}g . ljz]if u/]/ Iflqox¿ b[9fË / ano'Qm x'g'kb{5 . lsgeg]
ha ltgLx¿ g} ljifof;Qm eP eg] t /fhwd{ g} gi6 x'g hfg]5 .
/ o;dfly Wofg /fVg'kb{5 ls …oyf /fhf tyf k|hfMÚ -rf0fSogLlt bk{0f !#÷*_ h:tf] /fhf
x'G5 To:t} k|hf x'G5g\ . To;}n] /fhf / /fhk'?ifx¿nfO{ of] plrt x'G5 ls slxNo} klg b'i6frf/
gu/f];\, lsGt' ;a} lbgx¿df wd{ Gofon] jQ]{/ ;a}sf] ;'wf/sf] nflu b[i6fGt agf];\ .
of] ;+If]kn] /fhwd{sf] oxfF j0f{g ul/of] . ljz]if j]b, dg':d[ltsf] ;Ktd, ci6d / gjd cWofo,
z'qmgLlt tyf ljb'/k|hfu/ / dxfef/t zflGtkj{sf] /fhwd{ / cfk4d{ cflb k':tsx¿df cWoog u/]/
k"0f{ /fhgLltnfO{ wf/0f ub}{ df08lns cyjf ;fj{ef}d rqmjtL{ /fHo u/f];\ / oxL ;Demf];\ ls—
…vy< à/jap?te> à/ja=A?-Um/0Ú —of] oh'j]{b -cWofo !*÷dGq @(_ sf] jrg xf] ..
xfdL …k|hfkltÚ cyf{t\ k/d]Zj/sf k|hf / k/dfTdf xfd|f /fhf clg xfdL p;sf lsÍ/ e[Tojt\
xf}+ . p;n] s[kf u/]/ cfˆgf] ;[li6df xfdLnfO{ /fHoflwsf/L agfcf];\ / xfd|f] xftaf6 cfˆgf] ;To
Gofosf] k|j[lQ u/fcf];\ .
ca o; eGbf cufl8 O{Zj/ / j]bsf] ljifodf n]lvg] 5 .
Olt >Ld2ofgGb;/:jtL:jflds[t] ;Tofy{k|sfz]
;'efifflje"lift] /fhwd{ljifo]
ifi7M ;d'Nnf;M ;Dk"0f{M ..^..

 -&_ ;ftf}+ ;d'Nnf;
O{Zj/ Pj+ j]b ljifodf lj:t[t JofVof -&=!_
\/cae A/]re? pr/me Vyae?m/n! yiS?mNde/va Aix/ ivñe? in;e/du> ,

yStÚ ved/ ikm&/ca k?ir:yit/ c #ÄiÖ/duSt #/me sma?ste .1.

—CUj]b -d08n !÷;"Qm !^$÷dGq #(_ ..
$/za va/Sy/im/d‡ sv/<R yiTkÂ/ jg?Tya/Ãg?t!,

ten? Ty/Kten? -uÃIwa/ ma g&?x/> kSy? iSv/Ïn?m!.2. —oh'j{]b -cWofo $)÷dGq !_ ..

A/hM-?uv</ vsu?n> pU/VyRSpit?r/h< xna?in/ s< j?yaim/ zñ?t> ,

ma< h?vNte ip/tr</ n j/Ntvae/=h< da/zu;/e iv -jaim/ -aej?nm! .3.

—CUj]b -d08n !)÷;"Qm $*÷dGq !_ ..
A/himNÔae/ n pra? ijGy/ #Ïn</ n m&/Tyve=v?tSwe/ kda? c/n ,

saem/imNma? su/NvNtae? yacta/ vsu/ n me? pUrv> s/Oye ir?;awn .4.

—CUj]b -d08n !)÷;"Qm $*÷dGq %_ ..
A/h< d<a? g&[/te pUVyR</ vSv/h< äü? k&[v</ mý</ vxRnm! ,

A/h< -u?v</ yj?manSy caeid/ta=y?Jvn> sai]/ ivñ?iSmN-re .5.

—CUj]b -d08n !)÷;"Qm $(÷dGq !_ ..
-Crf] cIf/] _ o; dGqsf] cy{ a|Xdrof{>dsf] lzIff -k[i7 #(_ df n]lv;lsPsf] 5 . cyf{t\ hf]
)

;a} lbJo u'0f–sd{–:jefj–ljBfo'Qm / h;df k[YjL ;"of{lb nf]s l:yt 5g\ / hf] cfsfzs} ;dfg
Jofks, ;a} b]jx¿sf klg b]j k/d]Zj/ xf]Ù To;nfO{ hf] dg'ion] hfGb}gg\, dfGb}gg\ / p;sf] Wofg
ub}{gg\ eg], tL gfl:ts / b'MvL x'G5g\ . To;}n] p;} k/d]Zj/nfO{ hfg]/ ;a} dg'io ;'vL x'G5g\ ..!..
O{Zj/sf] ljifodf k|Zgf]Q/x¿ -&=@_
k|Zg— j]bdf O{Zj/ cg]s 5g\, o; s'/fnfO{ ltdLn] dfGb5f} ls dfGb}gf} <
pQ/— dfGb}gf}+, lsgeg] rf/} j]bx¿df o:tf] sxL+ klg n]lvPsf] 5}g h;af6 O{Zj/ cg]s l;4
x'G5 . lsGt' of] t n]lvPsf] 5 ls O{Zj/ Ps 5 .
k|Zg— j]bdf h'g cg]s b]jtf n]lvPsf] 5, To;sf] s] clek|fo xf] <
pQ/— …b]jtfÚ lbJo u'0fx¿n] o'Qm x'gfsf] sf/0fn] elgPsf] xf], h:t} ls k[YjL, k/Gt' sxL+ klg
o;nfO{ O{Zj/ jf pkf;gLo dflgPsf] 5}g . x]/ Û o;} dGqdf ls …h;df ;a} b]jtf l:yt 5g\, Tof]
hfÌ / pkf;gf ug{ of]Uo O{Zj/ xf] .Ú of] ltgLx¿sf] e'n xf] h'g b]jtf zAbn] O{Zj/sf] u|x0f
ub{5g\ . k/d]Zj/ b]jx¿sf klg b]j x'gfn] …dxfb]jÚ o;}n] elgG5 ls jxL ;a} hut\sf] pTklQ–
l:ylt–k|nostf{, GofofwLz, clwi7tf xf] . …ÇyiSÇ<ziTÇ<zta0Ú [t'ngf—oh'j]{b -cWofo !$÷dGq #!_]
OToflb j]bdf k|df0f 5, o;sf] JofVof -ztky sf+=!$÷k|kf=%÷a|f=&÷s+=$_ df ul/Psf] 5 ls t]QL;
b]j cyf{t\ k[YjL, hn, clUg, jfo', cfsfz, rGb|df, ;"o{ / gIfq ;a} ;[li6sf] lgjf;:yfg x'gfn] cf7
…j;Ú' . k|f0f, ckfg, Jofg, pbfg, ;dfg, gfu, s"Dd{, s[sn, b]jbQ, wg~ho / hLjfTdf oL P3f/ …?b|Ú
o; sf/0fn] elgG5 ls ha z/L/nfO{ 5f]8\b5f}+ ta /f]bg u/fpg]jfnf x'G5g\ . ;+jT;/sf afx| dlxgf
afx| …cflbToÚ o; sf/0fn] x'g\ ls oL ;a}n] cfo'nfO{ lnP/ hfG5g\ . lah'nLsf] gfd …OGb|Ú o; x]t'n]
xf] ls k/d P]Zjo{sf] x]t' x'gfn] xf] . o1nfO{ …k|hfkltÚ eÌfsf] sf/0f of] xf] ls h;af6 jfo', j[li6,
hn, cf}iflwsf] z'l4, ljåfg\x¿sf] ;Tsf/ / gfgf k|sf/sf] lzNkljBfaf6 k|hfsf] kfng x'G5 . oL
t]QL; k"jf]{Qm u'0fx¿sf] of]un] …b]jÚ elgG5 . logsf :jfdL / ;a} eGbf 7"nf x'gfn] k/dfTdf rf}+tL;f}+
pkf:ob]j ztkysf] rf}wf}+ sf08df :ki6;Fu n]lvPsf] 5 . o;} k|sf/n] cGoq klg n]lvPsf] 5 . olb
ltgLx¿n] oL zf:qnfO{ x]/]sf cyjf cWoog u/]sf x'Gy] eg] t j]bx¿df cg]s O{Zj/ dfÌ]¿k
e|dhfndf lu/]/ e'm§f] lsg af]Nby] < ..!..
x] dg'iox¿ xf] Û h]–hlt o; ;+;f/df hut\ 5, To; ;a}df lgoGtf JofKt eP/ /x]sf] 5,
To;}nfO{ O{Zj/ hfg, p;;Fu 8/fpFb} t}+n] cGofoaf6 s;}sf] wgsf] cfsf+Iff gug"{ . To:tf] cGofosf]
Tofu / Gofofr/0f¿k wd{af6 cfˆgf] cfTdfn] cfgGbnfO{ ef]u ..@..
O{Zj/n] ;a}nfO{ pkb]z ub{5 ls— x] dg'iox¿ xf] Û d O{Zj/ ;a}sf] k"j{ ljBdfg, ;a}
hut\sf] klt x"F . d ;gftg huTsf/0f / ;a} wgnfO{ ljho ug]{jfnf / bftf x"FÙ dnfO{ g} ;a} hLj
h;/L lktfnfO{ ;Gtfgn] k'sfb{5g\ To;/L g} k'sf/ . d ;a}nfO{ ;'v lbg hut\sf] nflu gfgf k|sf/sf]
ef]hgx¿sf] ljefu kfngsf] nflu ub{5' ..#..
d k/d}Zjøo{jfg\ ;"o{s} ;dfg ;a} hut\sf] k|sfzs x"F . slxNo} k/fhonfO{ k|fKt x'Ì / g
slxNo} d[To'nfO{ k|fKt ub{5', d g} hut\¿k wgsf] lgdf{tf x"F, ;a} hut\sf] pTklQ u/fpg]jfnf dnfO{
g} hfgÙ x] hLjx¿ xf] Û P]Zjøo{ k|flKtsf] oTg ub}{ ltdLx¿n] lj1fgflb wgnfO{ d;Fu dfu / ltdLx¿
d]/f] ldqtfb]lv cnu gx'g" ..$..
x] dg'iox¿ xf] Û d}n] ;Toefif0f¿k :t'lt ug]{ dg'iosf] nflu ;gftg 1fgflb wg lbG5' . d
a|Xd cyf{t\ j]bsf] k|sfzs / dnfO{ h;n] j]b oyfjt\ eGb5, To;b]lv ;a}sf] 1fgnfO{ d}n] a9fpF5'Ù
d ;Tk'?ifsf] k|]/s, o1 ug]{x¿sf nflu kmnbftf / o; ljZjdf h]–hlt 5, tL ;a} sføo{nfO{ agfpg]
/ wf/0f ug]{jfnf x"F, To;}n] ltdLx¿n] dnfO{ 5f]8]/ s'g} bf];|fnfO{ d]/f] :yfgdf gk"Hg", gdfÌ" /
ghfÌ" ..%..
ih/r/{y/g/-R> sm?vÄR/ta¢e? -U/tSy? ja/t> pit/rek?=AasIt! ,

s da?xar p&iw/vI< *amu/tema< kSmE? de/vay? h/iv;a? ivxem .6.

—oh'j]{b -cWofo !#÷dGq $_ ..
x] dg'iox¿ xf] Û hf] ;[li6sf] k"j{ ;a} ;"of{lb t]hjfnf nf]sx¿sf] pTklQ–:yfg, cfwf/ / h]–
hlt pTkÌ ePsf] lyof], 5 / x'g]5, To;sf] :jfdL lyof], 5 / x'g]5Ù p;}n] k[YjLb]lv lnP/ ;"o{nf]s–
køo{Gt ;[li6nfO{ agfP/ wf/0f ul//x]sf] 5 . p;} ;'v:j¿k k/dfTdfsf] g} elQm h;/L xfdLn] ub{5f}+,
To;/L g} ltdLx¿n] klg ug]{ u/ ..^..
k|Zg— ltdL O{Zj/–O{Zj/ eGb5f}, To;sf] l;l4 s'g k|sf/af6 ub{5f} <
pQ/— ;a} k|ToIfflb k|df0fx¿af6 .
k|Zg— O{Zj/df k|ToIf k|df0f slxNo} klg 36\g ;Sb}g .
pQ/— OlGb|ofy{;lÌsiff]{TkÌ+ 1fgdJokb]ZodJolerfl/ Joj;fofTds+ k|ToIfd\ ..
—uf}tds[t Gofobz{g -cWofof !÷cflÂs !÷;"q $_ ..
h'g >f]q, Tjrf, rIf', lhÃf, 3|f0f / dgsf]Ù zAb, :kz{, ¿k, /;, uGw, ;'v–b'Mv, ;Tof;To
ljifox¿sf] ;fydf ;DaGw x'gfn] 1fg pTkÌ x'G5, To;}nfO{ …k|ToIfÚ eGb5g\, k/Gt' Tof] lge|{d xf];\ .
ca ljrf/ ug'{kb{5 ls OlGb|ox¿ / dgaf6 u'0fx¿sf] k|ToIf x'G5 u'0fLsf] xf]Og . h;/L rf/} Tjrf
cflb OlGb|ox¿af6 :kz{, ¿k, /; / uGwsf] 1fg x'gfn] u'0fL hf] k[YjL p;sf] cfTdfo'Qm dgaf6
k|ToIf ul/G5, To;/L g} o; k|ToIf ;[li6df /rgf ljz]if cflb 1fgflb u'0fx¿sf] k|ToIf x'gfn]
k/d]Zj/sf] klg k|ToIf x'G5 . k]ml/ ha cfTdf dg / dg OlGb|ox¿nfO{ s'g} ljifodf nufpFbf jf rf]/L
cflb g/fd|f] jf k/f]ksf/ cflb /fd|f s'/f ubf{df h'g If0fdf cf/De ub{5, To; ;do hLjsf] OR5f–
1fgflb, p;} OlR5t ljifodfly e'mSb5 . To;} If0fdf cfTdfsf] leqaf6 g/fd|f] sfd ug{df eo, zÍf
/ nHhf tyf /fd|f] sfd ug{df ceo, lgMzÍtf / cfgGbf]T;fx p7\b5 . Tof] hLjfTdfsf] tk{mlt/af6
xf]Og lsGt' k/dfTdfsf] tk{mlt/af6 ePsf] xf] . k]ml/ ha hLjfTdf z'4 eP/ z'4fGtMs/0fn] o'Qm of]uL
;dflw:y eP/ cfTdf / k/dfTdfsf] ljrf/ ug{df tTk/ /xG5, To;nfO{ Tolt j]n} b'O6} k|ToIf
x'G5g\ . ha k/d]Zj/sf] k|ToIf x'G5 eg] t cg'dfgflbaf6 k/d]Zj/sf] 1fg x'gdf s] ;Gb]x 5 / <
lsgeg] sføo{nfO{ b]v]/ sf/0fsf], lgodnfO{ b]v]/ lgoGtfsf], ;[li6nfO{ b]v]/ ;|i6fsf] cg'dfg x'G5 .
k|Zg— O{Zj/ Jofks 5, jf s'g} b]z -:yfg_ ljz]ifdf /xG5 <
pQ/— Jofks 5 . lsgeg] olb Psb]zdf /xGYof] eg] t ;jf{Gtof{dL, ;j{1, ;j{lgoGtf,
;a}sf] ;|i6f, ;a}sf] wtf{ / k|nostf{ x'g ;Sb}g . ck|fKt b]zdf stf{sf] lqmofsf] x'g c;Dej x'G5 .
 k|Zg— k/d]Zj/ bofn' / Gofosf/L 5, jf 5}g <
pQ/— 5 .
k|Zg— oL b'j} u'0f k/:k/ lj?4 5g\ . hxfF Gofo u/] t bof / bof u/] t Gofo 5'6\b5 .
lsgeg] …GofoÚ To;nfO{ eGb5g\ ls hf] stf{sf] sd{sf] cg';f/ g clws g Go"g ;'v–b'Mv k'¥ofpg', /
…bofÚ To;nfO{ eGb5g\ h'g ck/fwLnfO{ lagf b08 5f]l8lbg' .
pQ/— Gofo / bofsf] gfddfqdf g} e]b xf] . lsgeg] h'g Gofoaf6 k|of]hg l;4 x'G5, ToxL
bofaf6 l;4 x'G5 . b08 lbgfsf] k|of]hg of] xf] ls dg'io ck/fw ug{af6 aGw eP/ b'MvnfO{ k|f Kt
gxf];\ . To;}nfO{ bof elgG5 h;af6 k/fo b'Mvx¿ 5'6\b5g\, / h:tf] cy{ ltdLn] bof / Gofosf]
u¥of} Tof] 7Ls xf]Og, lsgeg] h;n] hlt g/fd|f] sfd u/]sf] 5, To;nfO{ Tolt g} To:t} b08
lbg'kb{5, o;}sf] gfd …GofoÚ xf] / olb ck/fwLnfO{ b08 lbOPg eg] t bofsf] gfz x'g hfG5 .
lsgeg] Ps ck/fwL 8fFs"nfO{ 5f]l8lbg' eg]sf] xHhf/f}+ wdf{Tdf k'?ifx¿nfO{ b'Mv lbg' xf] . ha
Pp6fnfO{ 5f]8\gfn] xhf/f}+ dg'ionfO{ b'Mv k|fKt x'G5 eg], Tof] bof s'g k|sf/n] x'g;Sb5 < …bofÚ
ToxL xf] ls To; 8fFs"nfO{ sf/fuf/df /fv]/ kfk ug{af6 arfpg', / To; 8fFs"nfO{ dfl/lbgfn] cGo
xhf/ dg'iodfly bof k|sflzt x'G5 .
k|Zg— To;f] eP bof / Gofo b'O{ zAb lsg eP < lsgeg] ha b'O6} zAbsf] cy{ Pp6} xf] eg]
t b'O6f zAb x'g' Joy{ 5, s'g} Ps zAb /xGYof] eg] t /fd|f] x'GYof] . To;}n] bof / Gofosf] Ps
k|of]hg xf]Og .
pQ/— s] Ps cy{sf] cg]s gfd / Ps gfdsf] cg]s cy{ x'Fb}gg\ <
k|Zg— x'G5g\ .
pQ/— k'gM ltdLnfO{ zÍf lsg eof] <
k|Zg— ;+;f/df ;'lgG5, To;}n] .
pQ/— ;+;f/df t ;fFrf] / e'm§f] b'O6} ;'Ì] ul/G5, To;nfO{ ljrf/n] lgZro ug'{ cfˆgf] sfd
xf] . O{Zj/sf] k"/} bof t of] xf] ls h;n] ;a} hLjx¿sf] k|of]hg l;4 ug{sf] nflu ;a} kbfy{ pTkÌ
u/]/ hut\df bfg lbO/fv]sf] 5 . o;b]lv leÌ 7"nf] bof bf];|f] s'grflx+ 5 / < Gofosf] kmn hut\df
;'v–b'Mvsf] Joj:yf clws–Go"gtfaf6 b]vfO/x]sf] 5 . oL b'O6fdf oltdfq} km/s 5 ls dgdf
;a}nfO{ ;'v u/fpg] / b'Mv 5'6fpg] OR5f / lqmof ug'{, Tof] …bofÚ / afXo r]i6f cyf{t\ aGwg–5]bgflb
oyfof]Uo b08 lbg'nfO{ Gofo elgG5 . b'O6}sf] Ps k|of]hg of] xf] ls ;a}nfO{ kfk / b'Mvx¿af6 k[ys\
u/fOlbg' .
k|Zg— O{Zj/ ;fsf/ xf] ls lg/fsf/ <
pQ/— lg/fsf/, lsgeg] olb ;fsf/ x'GYof] eg] t Jofks x'g ;Sb}g . ha Jofks x'Fb}g eg]
t ;j{1flb u'0f klg x'g ;Sb}g, lsgeg] kl/ldt j:t'df u'0f–sd{–:jefj klg kl/ldt /xG5g\ tyf
zLtf]i0f, If'wf, t[iff / /f]u, bf]if, 5]bg–e]bg cflbb]lv /lxt x'g ;Sb}g . o;af6 of] lglZrt x'G5 ls
O{Zj/ lg/fsf/ xf] . olb ;fsf/ x'GYof] eg] t To;sf] cfsf/ agfpg]jfnf cs}{ bf];|f] x'g'kb{5 .
lsgeg] hf] ;+of]uaf6 pTkÌ x'G5 To;nfO{ ;+o'Qm ug]{jfnf lg/fsf/ r]tg cjZo rflxG5 . olb
s;}n] eGb5 ls O{Zj/n] cfˆgf] z/L/ agfof] ta t oxL l;4 x'G5 ls z/L/ aÌ eGbf k"j { lg/fsf/
lyof] . o;}n] Tof] k/dfTdfn] g z/L/ wf/0f ub{5, lg/fsf/ eP/ ;a} hut\nfO{ ;"Id cfsf/af6
:y"nfsf/ agfpF5 .
k|Zg— O{Zj/ ;j{zlQmdfg\ xf] ls xf]Og <
pQ/— xf], k/Gt' …;j{zlQmdfg\Ú zAbsf] oltdfq} cy{ xf] ls O{Zj/n] cfˆgf] kfng cflb sfd
ug{df s'g} bf];|fsf] ;fdYo{sf] ;xfotf lng kb}{g lsGt' :j;fdYo{af6 g} ;a} cfˆgf] sfd k"/f ub{5 .
k|Zg— xfdLn] o:tf] hfGb5f}+ ls O{Zj/n] h] rfxG5 ToxL ub{5 .
pQ/— p;n] s] / s:tf] rfxG5 < olb ltdLn] eGb5f} ls ;a} s'/f rfxG5 / ug{;Sb5 t
xfdLn] ltdL;Fu ;f]W5f}+ ls k/d]Zj/ cfk"mnfO{ dfg{, cg]s O{Zj/ agfpg, :jo+ cljåfg\, rf]/L, kfk
u/]/ b'MvL klg x'g ;Sb5 < h;/L oL sfdx¿ O{Zj/sf] u'0f–sd{–:jefjb]lv lj?4 5g\ tfklg ltd|f]
egfO cg';f/ æp;n] ;a} s'/f] ug{ ;Sb5Æ of] slxNo} klg 36\g ;Sb}g . To;}n] ;j{zlQmdfg\ zAbsf]
cy{ h'g xfdLn] eg]sf 5f}+, ToxL 7Ls xf] .
k|Zg— k/d]Zj/ ;flb xf] ls cgflb <
 pQ/— cgflb . cyf{t\ h;sf] cflb s'g} sf/0f jf ;do gxf];\, To;nfO{ …cgflbÚ eGb5g\,
OToflb ;a} cy{ k|yd ;d'Nnf;df ul/Psf] 5, ToxfF -k[i7 !# df_ x]g'{xf];\ .
k|Zg– k/d]Zj/n] s] rfxG5 <
pQ/— ;a}sf] enfO / ;a}sf] nflu ;'vsf] OR5f ub{5, k/Gt' :jtGqtfsf] ;fy . s;}nfO{
lagf kfk gu/L k/fwLg ub}{g .
O{Zj/sf] :t'lt, k|fy{gf / pkf;gf -&=#_
k|Zg— k/d]Zj/sf] :t'lt, k|fy{gf / pkf;gf ug'{kb{5 ls kb}{g <
pQ/— ug'{kb{5 .
k|Zg— s] :t'lt cflb ugf{n] O{Zj/n] cfˆgf] lgodnfO{ 5f]8]/ :t'lt, k|fy{gf ug]{x¿nfO{ kfkb]lv
5'6fOlbG5 <
pQ/— xf]Og .
k|Zg— To;f] eP :t'lt, k|fy{gf lsg ug]{ <
pQ/— To;nfO{ ug'{sf] kmn cGo g} 5 .
k|Zg— s] xf] <
pQ/— :t'ltn] O{Zj/df k|Llt, p;sf] u'0f–sd{–:jefjn] cfˆgf] u'0f–sd{–:jefjnfO{ ;'wfg'{Ù
k|fy{gfaf6 lg/ledfgtf, pT;fx / ;xfotf ldNg'Ù pkf;gfn] k/a|Xd;Fu d]n / To;sf] ;fIffTsf/
x'g' .
k|Zg— oL s'/fnfO{ cem :ki6 u/]/ a'emfpm .
pQ/— h:t}—
s pYRa?gaCDu/³m?ka/ym?ì/[m?Snaiv/r‡ zu/Ïmpa?pivÏm!,

k/ivMRa?nI/;I p?ir/-U> Sv?y/M-UyRa?watWy/tae=wa/Rn! Vy/dxaCDañ/tI_y/> sma?_y>.

—oh'j]{b -cWofo $)÷dGq *_ ..
O{Zj/sf] :t'lt— Tof] k/dfTdf ;a}df Jofks, zL3|sf/L / cgGt anjfg\ hf] z'4, ;j{1, ;a}sf]
cGtof{dL, ;jf]{kl/ lj/fhdfg, ;gftg, :jo+l;4, k/d]Zj/ cfˆgf] hLj¿k ;gftg cgflb k|hfnfO{
cfˆgf] ;gftg ljBfn] oyfjt\ cy{x¿sf] af]w j]båf/f u/fpFb5, of] …;u'0f–:t'ltÚ cyf{t\ h'g–h'g
u'0fn] ;lxt k/d]Zj/sf] :t'lt ug'{ Tof] ;u'0f, / csfo cyf{t\ p;n] slxNo} klg z/L/ wf/0f jf hGd
ln+b}g, h;df l5b| x'Fb}g / h'g gf8L cflb aGwgdf cfpFb}g, / slxNo} kfkfr/0f ub}{g, h;df Sn]z,
b'Mv, c1fg slxNo} x'Fb}g, OToflb h'g–h'g /fu å]ifflb u'0fx¿b]lv k[ys\ dfg]/ k/d]Zj/sf] :t'lt ug'{
xf], o;nfO{ …lgu'{0f–:t'ltÚ elgG5 . o;sf] kmn of] xf] ls h:tf] k/d]Zj/sf] u'0f 5g\ To:t} g} u'0f–
sd{–:jefj cfˆgf] klg ug'{ . h;/L pm Gofofsf/L 5 To;/L g} cfk"m klg Gofofsf/L x'g' . / h;n]
s]jn efF8s} ;dfg k/d]Zj/sf] u'0fsLt{g ub}{ hfG5 t/ cfˆgf] rl/qnfO{ ;'wfb}{g, To;n] :t'lt ug'{
Joy{ 5 .
k|fy{gf—
ya< me/xa< de?vg/[a> ip/tr?íae/pas?te , tya/ mam/* me/xya=Gne? me/xaiv?n< kué/ Svaha? .1.
—oh'j]{b -cWofo #@÷dGq !$_ ..
tejae?=is/ tejae/ miy? xeih vI/YyRmis vI/YyR< miy? xeih/ , bl?mis/ bl</ miy? xe/ih ,

Aaejae/=Syaejae/ miy? xeih , m/Nyur?is m/Nyu< miy? xeih shae?=is/ shae/ miy? xeih .2.
—oh'j]{b -cWofo !(÷dGq (_ ..
yJja¢?tae dU/rmu/dEit/ dEv</ tdu? su/PtSy/ twE/vEit? ,

dU/r¼
/ /m< Jyaeit?;a</ Jyaeit/rek</ tNme/ mn?> iz/vs?»LpmStu .3.

yen/ kmRa?{y/psae? mnI/i;[ae? y/}e k&{viNt? iv/dwe?;u xIra?> ,

yd?pU/vR< y/]m/Nt> à/jana</ tNme mn?> iz/vs?»LpmStu .4.

 yTà/}an?mu/t cetae/ x&it?í/ yJJyaeit?r/Ntr/m&T<a? à/jasu? ,

ySma/Ú=\/te ik< c/n kMRa? i³/yt/e tNme/ mn?> iz/vs?»LpmStu .5.

yne/d< -U/t< -uv?n< -iv/:yTpir?g&hItm/m&te?n/ sVRa?m! ,

yen? y/}Sta/yte? s/Pt hae?ta/ tNm/e mn?> iz/vs?»LpmStu .6.

yiSm/Ú&c/> sam/ yj?U‡i;/ yiSm/Nàit?i:Qta rwna/-aiv?va/ra> ,

yiSM~a?ií/ćsvR/maeT<a? à/jana/< tNme/ mn?> iz/vs?»LpmStu .7.

su/;a/r/iwrña?inv/ yNm?nu/:ya/Ú?enI/yte/=-Iz?ui-vaR/ijn?=#v ,

ù/Tàit?:Q</ yd?ij/r< jiv?:Q</ tNme/ mn?> iz/vs?»LpmStu .8.

—oh'j]{b -cWofo #$÷dGq !–^_ ..
x] …cUg]Ú cyf{t\ :jk|sfz:j¿k k/d]Zj/ Û tkfOFsf] :js[kfn] h'g a'l4sf] pkf;gf ljåfg\, 1fgL
/ of]uLx¿ ub{5g\ To;} a'l4n] o'Qm xfdLnfO{ o;} jt{dfg ;dodf klg a'l4dfg\ agfpg'xf];\ ..!.. tkfO{+
k|sfz:j¿k x'g'x'G5, s[kf u/]/ ddf klg k|sfz :yfkg ul/lbg'xf];\ . tkfO{+ cgGt k/fqmdo'Qm
x'g'x'G5, ddf s[kf–s6fIfn] k"0f{ k/fqmnfO{ wf/0f u/fOlbg'xf];\ . tkfO{+ cgGt ano'Qm x'g'x'G5, To;}n]
ddf klg an wf/0f u/fOlbg'xf];\ . tkfO{+ cgGt ;fdYo{o'Qm x'g'x'G5, dnfO{ klg ;fdYo{ lbg'xf];\ .
tkfO{+ b'i6 sfd / b'i6x¿dfly qmf]wsf/L x'g'x'G5, dnfO{ klg To:t} u/fOlbg'xf];\ . tkfO{+ lgGbf, :t'lt
/ :jck/fwLx¿nfO{ ;xg ug'{x'G5, s[kf u/]/ dnfO{ klg To:t} agfOlbg'xf];\ ..@.. x] boflgw] Û tkfO{+sf]
s[kfn]— …hf] d]/f] dg hfu]sf] cj:yfdf b"/–b"/;Dd hfG5, lbJou'0fo'Qm /xG5, / k]ml/ ToxL ;'t]sf]
cj:yfdf d]/f] dg ;'if'lKtnfO{ k|fKt x'G5 jf :jKgdf b"/–b"/ uPs} ;dfgn] Jojxf/ ub{5, ;a}
k|sfzsx¿sf klg k|sfzs, Ps of]Ú d]/f] dg …lzj;ÍNkÚ cyf{t\ cfˆgf] / c¿ k|f0fLx¿sf] cy{
sNof0fsf] ;ÍNk ug]{ agf];\ . s;}sf] xflg ug]{ oR5fo'Qm slxNo} klg gxf];\ ..#.. x] ;jf{Gtof{dL Û
h;af6 sd{ ug{sf] nflu w}o{o'Qm ljåfg\x¿ o1 / o'4flbdf sd{ ub{5g\Ù h'g ck"j{ ;fdYo{o'Qm,
k"hgLo / k|hfsf] leq /xg] ub{5, Tof] d]/f] dg wd{ ug]{ OR5fo'Qm eP/ cwd{nfO{ ;j{yf
5f]l8b]cf];\ ..$.. h'g pTs[i6 1fg / bf];|fnfO{ r]tfpg] lgZrofTdsj[lQ 5, / hf] k|hfx¿df leq
k|sfzo'Qm / gfz/lxt 5Ù h;sf] lagf s;}n] s]xL klg sd{ ug{ ;Sb}g, Tof] d]/f] dg z'e u'0fx¿sf]
OR5f u/]/ b'i6 u'0fx¿b]vL k[ys\ /xf];\ ..%.. x] hubLZj/ Û h;af6 ;a} of]uLx¿n] oL ;a} e"t,
eljiot\, jt{dfgsf] Jojxf/x¿nfO{ hfGb5g\, h'g gfz/lxt hLjfTdfnfO{ k/dfTdfsf] ;fydf ldnfP/
;a} k|sf/n] lqsfn1 u/fpFb5, h;df 1fg / lqmof 5Ù kfFr 1fg]lGb|o, a'l4 / cfTdfo'Qm /xG5, To;
of]u¿k o1 h;af6 a9\b5, Tof] d]/f] dg of]u–lj1fgo'Qm eP/ cljBflb Sn]zx¿b]lv k[ys\
/xf];\ ..^.. x] k/dljåg\ k/d]Zj/ Û tkfO{+sf] s[kfaf6 h'g d]/f] dgdf h;/L /ysf] dWo w'/f -cIf_ df
cf/f -dbfgL_ nfu]sf x'G5g\, To;/L g} CUj]b, oh'j]{b, ;fdj]b / cyj{j]b klg k|ltli7t x'G5g\Ù /
h;df ;j{1, ;j{Jofks, k|hfsf] ;fIfL lrQ r]tg ljlbt x'G5, Tof] d]/f] dg cljBfsf] cefj u/]/
ljBflk|o ;bf /xf];\ ..&.. x] ;j{lgoGtM O{Zj/ Û h'g d]/f] dg 8f]/Ln] 3f]8fsf] ;dfg cyjf 3f]8fx¿sf]
lgoGtf ;f/lys} t'No dg'iox¿nfO{ cToGt otf–ptf 8'nfpF5Ù h'g Åbodf k|ltli7t, ultdfg\ /
cToGt j]uzfnL 5, Tof] d]/f] dg ;a} OlGb|ox¿nfO{ cwdf{r/0fb]lv /f]s]/ wd{kydf ;bf rnfpg]
u/f];\, o:tf] s[kf ddfly ug'{xf];\ ..*..
AGne/ ny? su/pwa? ra/ye=A/Sman! ivña?in dev v/yuna?in iv/Öan!,

yu/yae/Xy›Sm¾u?hura/[menae/ -Uiy?óa< te/ nm?=%iKt< ivxem.—oh'j]{b -cWofo $)÷dGq !^_ ..

x] ;'vsf bftf, :jk|sfz:j¿k, ;a}nfO{ hfÌ] k/dfTdg\ Û tkfO{+n] xfdLnfO{ >]i7 dfu{af6
;Dk"0f{ k|1fgx¿nfO{ k|fKt u/fpg'xf];\Ù / h'g xfdLdf s'l6n kfkfr/0f¿k dfu{ 5g\, To;b]lv k[ys\
ul/lbg'xf];\ . To;}n] xfdLx¿ tkfO{+nfO{ gd|tfk"j{s y'k|} :t'ltx¿ ub{5f}+ ls tkfO{+n] xfdLnfO{ kljq
ug'{xf];\ . /—
ma nae? m/haNt?mut ma nae?=A-R/k< ma n/=%]?Ntm/ut ma n? %i]/tm! ,
 ma nae? vxI> ip/tr</ maet ma/tr</ ma n?> ià/yaSt/Nva/e éÔ rIir;> .
—oh'j]{b -cWofo !^÷dGq !%_ ..
x] …?b|Ú Û b'i6x¿nfO{ kfksf] b'Mv¿k kmn lbP/ ?jfpg] k/d]Zj/ Û tkfO{+ xfd|f ;fgf–7"nf hg,
ue{, dftf, lktf / lk|o aGw'ju{ tyf z/L/x¿sf] xgg ug{sf] nflu k|]l/t gug'{xf]; \, o:tf] dfu{af6
xfdLnfO{ lx+8fpg'xf];\ ls h;df tkfO{+sf b08gLo gagf}+ .
c;tf] df ;b\ udo, td;f] df Hof]ltu{do, d[Tof]df{˜d[t+ udo]lt ..
—ztky a|fXd0f -!$÷#÷!÷#)_ sf] jrg xf] ..
x] k/du'/f] k/dfTdg\ Û tkfO{+n] xfdLnfO{ c;t\ dfu{b]lv k[ys\ u/]/ ;Gdfu{df k|fKt
u/fpg'xf];\ . cljBfGwsf/nfO{ 5'6fP/ ljBf¿k ;"o{nfO{ k|fKt u/fpg'xf];\, / d[To'/f]ub]lv k[ys\ u/]/
df]Ifsf] cfgGb¿k cd[tnfO{ k|fKt u/fpg'xf];\ . cyf{t\ h'g–h'g bf]if jf b'u'{0fb]lv k/d]Zj/ / cfk"mnfO{
klg k[ys\ dfg]/ k|fy{gf ul/G5, Tof] ljlw–lgif]wd'v x'gfn] ;u'0f–lgu'{0f k|fy{gf . hf] dg'ion] h'g
s'/fsf] k|fy{gf ub{5, To;nfO{ To:t} jt{dfg ug'{kb{5 cyf{t\ h;/L ;jf]{Qd a'l4sf] k|flKtsf] nflu
k/d]Zj/sf] k|fy{gf ug]{, To;sf] nflu hlt cfk"maf6 k|oTg x'g;Sb5, Tolt ug]{ . cyf{t\ cfˆgf]
k'?iffy{sf] pk/fGt k|fy{gf ug'{ of]Uo x'G5 . o:tf] k|fy{gf slxNo} klg ug{x'Fb}g ls h;nfO{ k/d]Zj/n]
:jLsf/ ub}{g h:t}— …x] k/d]Zj/ Û tkfO{+n] d]/f zq'x¿sf] gfz, dnfO{ ;a} eGbf 7"nf], d]/f] dfq}
k|lti7f / d]/f] cfwLg ;a} xf]pmg\Ú OToflb . lsgeg] ha b'O6} zq'n] Ps–csf{sf] gfzsf] nflu k|fygf
u/]df t s] k/d]Zj/n] b'O6}nfO{ gfz ul/lbg] t < olb s;}n] eGb5 ls h;sf] k|]d clws To;sf]
k|fy{gf ;kmn x'G5 ta xfdL eGb5f}+ ls h;sf] k|]d Go"g x'G5, To;sf zq'sf] klg gfz x'g'kb{5 .
o:tf] d"v{tfsf] k|fy{gf ubf{ub}{ s;}n] o;f] eg]/ klg k|fy{gf ug]{5g\ ls— æx] k/d]Zj/ Û tkfO{+n]
xfdLnfO{ vfgf ksfP/ Vjfpg'xf];\, 3/sf] a9f/a'9'/ / lnkkf]t ul/lbg'xf];\, n'uf wf]Olbg'xf];\ / v]tL–
kftL klg ul/lbg'xf];\ .Æ o; k|sf/n] hf] k/d]Zj/sf] e/f];fdf cN5L ag]/ a:b5g\, tL dxfd"v{ x'g\ .
lsgeg] hxfF k/d]Zj/sf] k'?iffy{ ug{sf] nflu cf1f 5, To;nfO{ hf] s;}n] tf]8\b5 eg], To;n] slxNo}
klg ;'v kfpFb}g . h;/L—
ku/vRÚe/veh kmRa?i[ ijjIiv/;eCD/t‡ sma?>, @/v< Tviy/ naNyw/etae/=iS/t/ n kMRa? ilPyte/ nre?.
—oh'j]{b -cWofo $)÷dGq @_ ..
k/d]Zj/n] cf1f lbG5 ls dg'io ;o jif{ køo{Gt cyf{t\ ha;Dd afFrf];\, ta;Dd sd{ ub}{
hLpg] OR5f u/f];\, slxNo} klg cN5L gagf];\ . x]/ Û ;[li6sf] aLrdf hlt k|f0fL jf ck|f0fL 5g\, tL
;a} cfˆgf–cfˆgf sd{ / oTg u/L g} /xG5g\ . h:t} lkkLlnsf -sldnf_ cflb ;bf k|oTg ul//fVb5g\,
k[YjL cflb ;bf 3'Db5g\ / j[If cflb ;bf a9\b}–36\b} /xG5g\, To;/L g} of] b[i6fGtnfO{ dg'ion] klg
u|x0f ug'{ of]Uo 5 . h;/L k'?iffy{ ul//fv]sf] k'?ifnfO{ c¿n] klg ;xfotf ub{5g\, To;/L g} wd{af6
k'?iffyL{sf] ;xfotf k/d]Zj/n] klg ub{5 . h;/L sfdsf] nfosnfO{ dfq} e[To -;]js_ /fVb5g\,
cGonfO{ xf]Og . x]g{sf] OR5f x'Fbfdf g]q ePsf]nfO{ g} b]vfOG5, cGwfnfO{ xf]Og . o;} k|sf/n]
k/d]Zj/ klg ;a}sf] pksf/ ug]{ k|fy{gfdf ;xfos x'G5, xflgsf/s sd{df xf]Og, hf] s;}n] …u'F8
dL7f]Ú 5 eGb5 eg], To;nfO{ u'F8 k|fKt jf :jfb k|fKt slxNo} klg x'Fb}g, / h;n] oTg ub{5, p;nfO{
zL3| jf ljnDan] u'F8 ldln g} xfNb5 .
ca t];|f] pkf;gf—
;dflwlgw"{tdn:o r]t;f] lgj]lzt:ofTdlg oT;'v+ ej]t\ .
g zSot] j0f{lot'+ lu/f tbf, :joGtbGtMs/0f]g u[Xot] ..
—of] d}qfo0fL pklgifb\ -$÷$÷(_ .. sf] jrg xf] ..
h'g k'?ifsf] ;dflwof]uaf6 cljBflb dn gi6 eP/ uPsf] 5, cfTd:y eP/ k/dfTdfdf lrQ
h;n] nufPsf] 5, To;nfO{ k/dfTdfsf] h'g of]usf] ;'v ldNb5Ù To;nfO{ jf0fLn] eg]/ ;ls+b}g ,
lsgeg] To; cfgGbnfO{ hLjfTdfn] cfˆgf] cGtMs/0faf6 u|x0f ub{5 . …pkf;gfÚ zAbsf] cy{ ;dLk
x'g' xf] . ci6fËof]uaf6 k/dfTdfsf] ;dLk:y x'g / To;nfO{ ;j{JofkL, ;jf{Gtof{dL¿kb]lv k|ToIf
ug{sf] nflu h'g–h'g sfd ug'kg]{ x'G5, Tof]–Tof] ;a} ug'{kb{5 cyf{t\—
tq—clx+;f;Tof˜:t]oa|Xdrof{˜kl/u|xf odfM .. —kft~hn of]uzf:q -;fwgkfb÷;"q #)_ ..
 OToflb ;"q kft~hn–of]uzf:qsf x'g\— h;n] pkf;gfsf] cf/De ug{ rfxG5, To;sf] nflu
oxL cf/De xf] ls To;n] s;};Fu j}/ g/fvf];\, ;j{bf k|Llt u/f];\ . ;To af]nf];\, ldYof slxNo}
gaf]nf];\, rf]/L gu/f];\, ;To Jojxf/ u/f];\ . lht]lGb|o xf];\, nDk6 gxf];\ / lg/ledfgL xf];\, cledfg
slxNo} gu/f];\ . oL kfFr k|sf/sf …odÚ ldn]/ pkf;gfof]usf] k|yd cË x'G5 .
zf}r;Gtf]iftkM:jfWofo]Zj/k|l0fwfgflg lgodfM .. —of]u;"q -;fwgkfb÷;"q #@_ ..
/fu–å]if 5f]8]/ leqaf6, / hnflbn] aflx/af6 kljq /xf];\, wd{af6 k'?iffy{ ugf{n] nfedf g
k|;Ìtf / xflgdf g ck|;Ìtf u/f];\ . k|;Ì x'Fb} cfn:onfO{ 5f]8]/ ;bf k'?iffy{ ug]{ u/f];\ . ;bf
b'Mv–;'vx¿sf] ;xg / wd{sf] g} cg'i7fg u/f];\, cwd{sf] xf]Og . ;bf ;To–zf:qx¿nfO{ k9f];\–
k9fcf];\, ;Tk'?ifx¿sf] ;Ë u/f];\, / …cf]Íf/Ú sf] hk / cy{ ljrf/ ug]{ u/f];\ . cfˆgf] cfTdfnfO{
k/d]Zj/sf] cf1fg's"n ;dlk{t ul/b]cf];\ . oL kfFr k|sf/sf] …lgodx¿nfO{Ú ldnfP/ pkf;gfof]usf]
bf];|f] cË x'G5 . o; eGbf cufl8sf s'/fx¿sf af/]df 5M cË of]uzf:q jf CUj]bflbefioe"ldsfdf
x]g'{xf];\ .
ha pkf;gf ug{ rfxG5, ta PsfGt z'4 b]zdf -7fpFdf_ uP/, cf;g hdfP/, k|f0ffofd ub}{,
afXo ljifox¿b]lv OlGb|ox¿nfO{ /f]Sb}, dgnfO{ gfle, Åbo, s07, g]q, lzvf, kL7sf] dWo xf8df s'g}
:yfgdf l:y/ u/]/, cfˆgf] cfTdf / k/dfTdfsf] ljj]rg ub}{, k/dfTdfdf dUg x'g hfgfn] ;+odL
x'G5 . ha oL ;fwgx¿nfO{ ug]{5 ta To;sf] cfTdf / cGtMs/0f kljq eP/ ;Ton] e/k"/ x'g
hfG5 . lgTok|lt 1fg–lj1fgnfO{ a9fpFb} d'lQm;Dd k'UghfG5 . h;n] cf7 k|x/df Ps 38Ldfq klg
o; k|sf/n] Wofg ub{5, To;n] ;bf pÌltnfO{ k|fKt ub{5 . ToxfF ;j{1flb u'0fx¿sf] ;fy k/d]Zj/sf]
pkf;gf ug'{ …;u'0fÚ / å]if, ¿k, /;, uGw, :kzf{lb u'0fx¿b]lv k[ys\ dfg]/, clt;"Id cfTdfsf] leq–
aflx/ Jofks k/d]Zj/df b[9 l:yt x'g hfg' …lgu'{0ff]kf;gfÚ elgG5 .
o;sf] kmn— h;/L hf8f]n] s7fª\lu|Psf] k'?if cfuf]sf] glhs hfgfn] zLt lgj[Q x'ghfG5,
To;} u/L k/d]Zj/sf] ;dLk k|fKt x'gfn] ;a} bf]if, b'Mv 5'6]/ k/d]Zj/sf] u'0f–sd{–:jefjsf] ;b[z
hLjfTdfsf] u'0f–sd{–:jefj kljq x'g hfG5g\ . To;}n] k/d]Zj/sf] :t'lt, k|fy{gf / pkf;gf cjZo
ug'{kb{5 . To;}n] o;sf] kmn k[ys\ x'g]5, k/Gt' cfTdfsf] an olt a9\g]5 ls, To;n] kj{tsf] ;dfg
b'Mv k|fKt x'Fbf klg x8\a8fpg] 5}g / ;xg ug{ ;Sg]5 . s] of] ;fgf] s'/f] xf] t < / h;n] k/d]Zj/sf]
:t'lt, k|fy{gf / pkf;gf ub}{g, Tof] s[t£g / dxfd"v{ klg x'G5, lsgeg] h'g k/dfTdfn] o; hut\sf
;a} kbfy{ hLjx¿sf] ;'vsf] nflu lbO/fv]sf] 5, p;sf] u'0fnfO{ e'Ng hfg', O{Zj/nfO{ g} gdfÌ'
…s[t£gtfÚ / …d"v{tfÚ b]lv sd xf]Og .
O{Zj/sf 1fgsf k|sf/x¿ -&=$_
k|Zg— ha k/d]Zj/sf] >f]q, g]qflb OlGb|ox¿ 5}gg\ eg], k]ml/ p;n] OlGb|ox¿sf] sfd s;/L
ug{ ;Sb5 <
pQ/— ckfl0fkfbf] hjgf] u|xLtf kZoTorIf'M ; >[0ff]Tos0f{M .
; j]lQ ljZj+ g r t:ofl:t j]Qf tdfx'/u|Ø+ k'?if+ k'/f0fd\ ..
—of] Zj]tfZjt/f]klgifb\ -cWofo #÷dGq !(_ sf] jrg xf] ..
k/d]Zj/sf xft 5}gg\, k/Gt' cfˆgf] zlQm¿kL xftaf6 ;a}sf] /rgf, u|x0f ub{5Ù v'§f 5}gg\,
k/Gt' Jofks x'gfn] ;a} eGbf clws j]ujfg\ 5Ù cfFvf 5}gg\, k/Gt' ;a}nfO{ oyfjt\ b]Vb5Ù sfg
5}gg\, tyflk ;a}sf] s'/f ;'Gb5Ù cGtMs/0f 5}g, k/Gt' ;a} hut\nfO{ hfGb5 / p;nfO{ cjlw;lxt
hfÌ]jfnf sf]xL klg 5}gg\Ù p;}nfO{ ;gftg, ;a} eGbf >]i7, ;a}df k"0f{ x'gfn] …k'?ifÚ eGb5g\ . p;n]
OlGb|ox¿ / cGtMs/0fsf] lagf cfˆgf] sfd cfˆgf] ;fdYo{n] ub{5 .
k|Zg— p;nfO{ w]/} dfG5]x¿n] lgliqmo / lgu'{0f eGb5g\ lg <
pQ/— g t:o sføo{+ s/0f+ r ljBt], g tT;dZrfEolwsZr b[Zot] .
k/f:o zlQmlj{ljw}j >"ot], :jfefljsL 1fganlqmof r ..
—of] Zj]tfZjt/f]klgifb\ -cWofo ^÷dGq *_ sf] jrg xf] ..
p;sf z/L/ / OlGb|ox¿ 5}gg\, p;sf] ;dfg / pmeGbf atf{ klg c¿ s'g} b]lv+b}gg\, p;sf]
k/fzlQm g} gfgf k|sf/sf] ;'lgG5 / Tof] :jefljsL 1fglqmof / anlqmof xf] . cyf{t \ k/dfTdfb]lv
s'g} tb|"k sføo{ / p;sf] sf/0f cyf{t\ ;fwstd bf];|f] ck]lIft 5}g . g s'g} p;sf] t'No / g clws
5g\ . ;jf]{QdzlQm cyf{t\ cgGt 1fg, cgGt an / cgGt lqmof 5, Tof] :jfefljs cyf{t\ ;xh
p;df ;'lgg] ul/G5 . olb k/d]Zj/ lgliqmo x'GYof] eg] t hut\sf] pTklQ, l:ylt / k|no x'g
;Sy]g . To;}n] pm …lje'Ú tyflk …r]tgÚ x'gfn] p;df lqmof klg 5 .
k|Zg— ha p;n] lqmof ubf]{xf]nf ta cGtjfnf lqmof x'G5 ls cgGt <
pQ/— hlt b]z, sfndf lqmof ug{ plrt ;DemG5 Tolt g} b]z, sfndf lqmof ub{5 . g
clws, g Go"g, lsgeg] pm ljåfg\ xf] .
k|Zg— k/d]Zj/ cfˆgf] cGt hfGb5 ls hfGb}g < hfGb5 eg] t cgGt / hfGb}g eg] t k"0f{
1fgL xf]Og <
pQ/— k/dfTdf k"0f{ 1fgL xf] . lsgeg] 1fg p;}nfO{ eGb5g\ ls h;af6 h:tfsf] t:t} kbfy{
hfÌ ;lsof];\ . ha k/d]Zj/ cgGt 5 eg] t p;nfO{ cgGt g} hfÌ' 1fg, / cgGtnfO{ ;fGt /
;fGtnfO{ cgGt hfÌ' c1fg cyf{t\ …e|dÚ eGb5g\ . …oyfy{ bz{g+ 1fgldltÚ -t'ngf—eujb\uLtf
!#÷!!_ h'g h:tf] kbfy{ 5 To;nfO{ To:t} hfÌ' …1fgÚ / To;b]lv pN6f] …c1fgÚ . To;}n— ]
Sn]zsd{ljkfsfzo}/k/fd[i6M k'?ifljz]if O{Zj/M .. —of]u;"q -;dflwkfb ;"q @$_ ..
hf] cljBflb Sn]z, s'zn, cs'zn, Oi6, clgi6 / ld> kmnbfos sd{x¿sf] jf;gfb]lv /lxt
x'G5, Tof] ;a} hLjb]lv ljz]if x'gfn] …O{Zj/Ú elgG5 .
k|Zg— r]tg Ps 5 ls cg]s <
pQ/— O{Zj/ r]tg Ps, / hLj r]tg cg]s .
O{Zj/sf] cl:tTjsf] ljifodf syg -&=%_
k|Zg— O{Zj/fl;4]M ..!.. —;f+Vozf:q -;"q !÷(@_ ..
k|df0ffefjfÌ tlT;l4M ..@.. —;f+Vozf:q -;"q %÷!)_ ..
;DaGwfefjfÌfg'dfgd\ ..#.. —;f+Vozf:q -;"q %÷!!_ ..
—oL ;a} ;f+Vozf:qsf ;"q x'g\ ..
k|ToIfaf6 O{Zj/sf] l;l4 x'Fb}g ..!.. lsgeg] ha p;sf] l;l4df k|ToIf g} x'Fb}g eg] t
cg'dfgflb k|df0f 36\g ;Sb}gg\ ..@.. / JoflKt–;DaGw gx'gfn] cg'dfg klg x'g ;Sb}g . k'gM
k|ToIffg'dfgflbsf] gx'gfn] zAb–k|df0f cflb klg 36\g ;Sb}g ..#..
pQ/— oxfF O{Zj/sf] l;l4df k|ToIf k|df0f 5}g, / g O{Zj/ hut\sf] pkfbfg sf/0f xf] .
k'?ifb]lv ljnIf0f cyf{t\ ;j{q k"0f{ x'gfn] k/dfTdfsf] gfd …k'?ifÚ / z/L/df zog ugf{n] hLjsf] klg
gfd …k'?ifÚ xf] . lsg ls o;} k|s/0fdf elgPsf] 5 ls—
k|wfgzlQmof]ufRr]T;ËfklQM ..!.. —;f+Vozf:q -;"q %÷*_ ..
;QfdfqfRr]T;j}{Zjøo{d\ ..@.. —;f+Vozf:q -;"q %÷(_ ..
>'lt/lk k|wfgsføo{Tj:o ..#.. —;f+Vozf:q -;"q %÷!@_ ..
olb k'?ifdf k|wfgzlQmsf] of]u xf];\ t k'?ifdf ;ËfklQ x'g hfG5 . cyf{t\ h;/L k|s[lt
;"Id;Fu ldn]/ sfo{¿kdf ;Ët ePsf] 5, To;/L g} k/d]Zj/ klg :y"n x'g hfg]5 . To;}n] k/d]Zj/
hut\sf] pkfbfg sf/0f xf]Og, lsGt' lgldQ sf/0f xf] ..!.. olb r]tgaf6 hut\sf] pTklQ x'G5 eg] t
h;/L k/d]Zj/ ;du|}Zjo{o'Qm 5, To:t} ;+;f/df klg ;j}{Zjo{sf] of]u x'g'kb{5, To:tf] 5}g . To;}n]
k/d]Zj/ hut\sf] pkfbfg sf/0f xf]Og, lsGt' lgldQ sf/0f xf] ..@.. lsgeg] pklgifb\n] klg k|wfgnfO{
g} hut\sf] pkfbfg sf/0f eGb5 ..#.. h:t}—
chfd]sf+ nf]lxtz'Sns[i0ff+ aÃLM k|hfM ;[hdfgf+ :j¿kfM ..
—of] Zj]tfZjt/f]klgifb\ -cWofo $÷dGq %_ sf] jrg xf] ..
hf] hGd/lxt ;¤j, /h / tdf]u'0f¿k k|s[lt 5, jxL :j¿kfsf/n] y'k|} k|hf¿k x'g hfG5 .
cyf{t\ k|s[lt kl/0ffldgL x'gfn] cj:yfGt/ x'g hfG5 / k'?if ckl/0ffdL x'gfn] pm cj:yfGt/ eP/
bf];|f] ¿kdf slxNo} klg k|fKt x'Fb}g, ;bf s"6:y lglj{sf/ /xG5 . ;fy} k|s[lt ;[li6df ;ljsf/ /
k|nodf lglj{sf/ /xG5 . o;}n] hf] s;}n] slknfrfo{nfO{ cgLZj/jfbL eGb5, ToxL cgLZj/jfbL xf],
slknfrfo{ xf]Ogg\ . tyf dLdf+;fsf] wd{–wdL{af6 O{Zj/ . j}z]lifs / Gofo klg …cfTdÚ zAbaf6
cgLZj/jfbL xf]Og, lsgeg] ;j{1Tjflb wd{o'Qm / …ctlt ;j{q JofKgf]tLTofTdfÚ hf] ;j{1flb wd{o'Qm
;j{q Jofks ;a} hLjx¿sf] cfTdf xf], To;}nfO{ dLdf+;f, j}z]lifs / Gofon] …O{Zj/Ú dfGb5g\ .
O{Zj/sf] cjtf/ lgif]wsf] af/]df syg -&=^_
k|Zg— O{Zj/n] cjtf/ lnG5 ls ln+b}g <
 pQ/— ln+b}g, lsgeg]—
A/j @k?pat! . —CUj]b -d08n &÷;"Qm #%÷dGq !#_Ù oh'j]{b -cWofo #$÷dGq %#_ ..
O{Zj/ Ps k|sf/sf] clåtLo, lgZrn, cJolerf/L, af]wjfnf h'g slxNo} pTkÌ x'Fb}g ..
s pYRa?gaCDu/³m?ka/ym?ì/[m?Snaiv/rm! . —oh'j]{b -cWofo $)÷dGq *_ ..
O{Zj/ cfsfzs} ;b[z ;j{Jofks 5, t]h:jL / bLlKtdfg\ 5 . Tof] b]x/lxt, :gfo'/lxt cyf{t\
g;–gf8Lb]lv /lxt Pj+ l5b|/lxt tyf lgd{n 5 ..
n caSy kií¾inta n caixpa . —Zj]tfZjt/f]klgifb\ -cWofo ^÷dGq (_ ..
O{Zj/sf sf]xL klg dftf–lktf cyf{t\ pTklQstf{ 5}gg\, g t p;sf sf]xL :jfdL g} ..
idVyae ýmUtR> pué;> sbaýa_yNtrae ýj> ,

Aàa[ae ýmna> zuæae ý]raTprt> pr> . —d'08sf]klgifb\ -d'08s @÷dGq @_ ..

Tof] k|sfzdfg, cd"t{¿k a|Xd leq–aflx/ ;j{q ljBdfg 5 . Tof] chGdf, k|f0f/lxt, dg/lxt
Pj+ pHHjn 5 / cljgfzL cfTdf eGbf klg pTs[i6 5 ..
oL rf/j6} jrg CUj]b, oh'j]{b, Zj]tfZjt/f]klgifb\ / d'08sf]klgifb\sf x'g\ . OToflb jrgaf6
k/d]Zj/ g t hGd g t slxNo} z/L/jfnf x'G5 .
k|Zg— obf obf lx wd{:o Unflge{jlt ef/t .
cEo'Tyfgdwd{:o tbfTdfg+ ;[hfDoxd\ .. —eujb\ uLtf -cWofo $÷Znf]s &_ ..
>Ls[i0fhL eÌ'x'G5 ls ha–ha wd{sf] nf]k x'G5 ta–ta d z/L/ wf/0f ub{5' .
pQ/— of] s'/f] j]blj?4 x'gfn] k|df0f xf]Og . k]ml/ o:tf] klg x'g ;Sb5 ls >Ls[i0f wdf{Tdf
lyP / wd{sf] /Iff ug{ rfxGy] . o; sf/0f …d o'u–o'udf hGd lnP/ >]i7x¿nfO{ /Iff / b'i6x¿nfO{
gfz u5'{Ú eÌ'df s]xL bf]if 5}g . lsgeg] …k/f]ksf/fo ;tf+ lje"toMÚ k/f]ksf/sf] nflu ;Tk'?ifx¿sf]
tg, dg, wg nflu/x]sf] x'G5, tyflk o;af6 >Ls[i0f O{Zj/ x'g ;Sb}gg\ .
k|Zg— olb o:tf] xf] eg] t ;+;f/df O{Zj/sf] rf}aL; cjtf/ x'G5g\ elgG5, lognfO{ cjtf/
lsg dfGb5g\ <
pQ/— j]bsf] cy{ ghfÌ]n], ;Dk|bfoL JolQmx¿n] e'mSofpgfn] / cfk}m cljåfg\ eP/ e|dhfndf
km;]/ o:tf–o:tf ck|dfl0fs s'/f ub{5g\ / dfGb5g\ .
k|Zg— O{Zj/n] cjtf/ glng] xf] eg] t s+;–/fj0fflb b'i6x¿sf] gfz s;/L x'g ;Sb5 <
pQ/— k|yd t hf] hGdG5, To;n] cjZo d[To'nfO{ k|fKt ub{5 . hf] O{Zj/ cjtf/ z/L/ wf/0f
u/] lagf hut\sf] pTklQ, l:ylt, k|no ub{5, p;sf] ;fd'Ì] s+; / /fj0fflb Ps sL6 -ls/f]_ a/fa/
klg xf]Ogg\ . pm ;j{ Jofks x'gfn] s+;–/fj0fflbsf] z/L/df klg kl/k"0f{ e}/x]sf] 5, ha rfxG5 plt
j]n} dd{R5]bg u/]/ gfz ug{ ;Sb5 . o; cgGt–u'0f–sd{–:jefjo'Qm k/dfTdfnfO{ Ps If'b| hLjnfO{
dfg{sf] nflu hGd–d/0fo'Qm eÌ' dxfd"v{tfsf] sfd xf] . olb s;}n] eGb5 ls eQmx¿sf] p4f/sf]
nflu hGd lnG5 eg] klg ;To xf]Og, lsgeg] hf] eQmhg, O{Zj/sf] cf1fg's"n rNb5g\, ltgLx¿nfO{
p4f/ ug]{ k"/f ;fdYo{ O{Zj/df 5 . s] O{Zj/n] k[YjL, ;"o{, rGb|flb hut\nfO{ agfpg], wf/0f ug]{ /
k|no ug]{ ¿k sd{x¿b]lv k'qf]TklQ s+;–/fj0fflbsf] jw / uf]jw{gflb p7fpg' 7"nf] sd{ xf] < hf]
s;}n] o; ;[li6df ePsf k/d]Zj/sf] sd{x¿nfO{ ljrf/ u/]df t …g e"tf] g eljioltÚ O{Zj/sf] ;b[z
g sf]xL eof], g 5 / g x'g]5 .
k]ml/, o'lQmn] klg O{Zj/sf] hGd l;4 x'Fb}g . h:t} cgGt cfsfznfO{ s;}n] eGb5 ls …ue{df
cfof]Ú jf …d'ÝLleq kf/]+Ú, of] ;fFrf] slxNo} x'g ;Sb}g, lsgeg] cfsfz ;a}df Jofks 5 . g Tof] aflx/
cfpF5, g t leq g} hfG5, To;} u/L g} k/d]Zj/ Jofks x'gfn] p;sf] cfpg'–hfg' l;4 x'g ;Sb}g .
lsgeg] hfg' ToxfF x'g ;Sb5 hxfF pm 5Fb}5}g / cfpg' klg ToxfFaf6 x'G5 hxfF k/d]Zj/ x'Fb} gxf];\ .
s] of] ue{df Jofks lyPg hf] st}af6 cfof] < / aflx/ 5}g hf] leqaf6 lgSnf];\ < To;}n] k/d]Zj/sf]
hGd slxNo} klg x'g ;Sb}g . o;} k|sf/ …oLz' d;LxÚ sf] klg O{Zj/sf] hGd xf]Og of] ;Demg'kb{5 .
k|Zg— O{Zj/n] cfˆgf eQmx¿sf] kfk Ifdf ub{5 ls ub}{g <
pQ/— ub}{g, lsgeg] kfk Ifdf u¥of] eg] t p;sf] Gofo gi6 x'g hfg]5 / ;a} dg'io
dxfkfkL x'g]5g\ . lsgeg] ltgLx¿nfO{ kfk ug{df pT;fx / lge{otf x'g]5 . h:t} s'g} /fhfn]
ck/fwLx¿sf] kfk Ifdf ul/lbPdf t pgLx¿ emg clws–clws ck/fw / kfk ug{ yfNg]5g\ .
o:tf]df h;n] ck/fw ub}{g Tof] klg ck/fw ug{b]lv 8/fpFb}g . To;}n] ;a} sd{x¿sf] kmn lbg' g}
O{Zj/sf] sfd xf], Ifdf ug'{ xf]Og .
hLjsf] :jtGqtf -&=&_
k|Zg— hLj :jtGq 5 of k/tGq <
pQ/— cfˆgf] st{Jo sd{x¿df :jtGq / O{Zj/sf] Joj:yfdf k/tGq 5 .
:jtGqM sQf{ —of] kfl0fgLo ci6fWofoL -!÷$÷%$_ Jofs/0fsf] ;"q xf] ..
hf] :jtGq cyf{t\ :jfwLg 5, ToxL stf{ xf] .
k|Zg— :jtGq s;nfO{ eGb5g\ <
pQ/— h;sf] cfwLg z/L/, k|f0f, OlGb|o / cGtMs/0fflb x'G5g\, Tof] :jtGq xf] . olb :jtGq
x'Fb}g eg] t To;nfO{ kfk–k'0osf] kmn k|fKt slxNo} klg x'g;Sb}g . lsgeg] h;/L e[To :jfdLÙ /
;]gf, ;]gfWoIfsf] cf1fn] cyjf k|]/0ffn] o'4df cg]s k'?ifx¿nfO{ df/]/ klg ck/fwL x'Fb}gg\, To;} u/L
k/d]Zj/sf] k|]/0ff / cfwLgtfn] sfd l;4 x'G5 eg] t hLjnfO{ kfk of k'0o nfUb}g . To; kmnsf]
efuL k|]/s k/d]Zj/ x'G5 . :ju{–g/s cyf{t\ ;'v–b'Mvsf] k|flKt klg k/d]Zj/sf] x'G5 . h:t} s'g}
dg'ion] z:qljz]ifn] s;}nfO{ df¥of] eg] t ToxL dfg]{jfnfnfO{ kqmfp ul/G5, b08 kfpF5, z:qn]
xf]Og . To;/L g} k/fwLg hLj kfk–k'0osf] efuL x'g ;Sb}g . To;}n] cfˆgf] ;fdYof{g's"n sd{ ug{df
hLj :jtGq, k/Gt' ha p;n] kfk ul/;Sb5 ta O{Zj/sf] Joj:yfdf k/fwLg eP/ kfk ef]Ub5 .
To;}n] sd{ ug{df hLj :jtGq / kfksf] b'Mv¿k kmn ef]Ugdf k/tGq x'G5 .
hLj / O{Zj/sf] leÌtfsf] j0f{g -&=*_
k|Zg— olb k/d]Zj/n] hLjnfO{ agfpFy]g, ;fdYo{ lbGy]g eg] t hLjn] s]xL ug{ ;Sy]g .
To;}n] k/d]Zj/sf] k|]/0ffaf6 g} hLjn] sd{ ub{5 .
pQ/— hLj slxNo} pTkÌ ePgÙ of] cgflb xf] . h;/L O{Zj/ / hut\sf] pkfbfg sf/0f lgTo
5, / hLjsf] z/L/ tyf OlGb|ox¿sf uf]ns k/d]Zj/n] agfPsf x'g\, k/Gt' tL ;a} hLjsf] cfwLgdf
5g\ . hf] s;}n] dg, sd{ / jrgn] kfk–k'0o ub{5, ToxL ef]Qmf xf], O{Zj/ xf]Og . h;/L s'g}
sfl/u/n] kxf8af6 kmnfd lgsfNof], To; kmnfdnfO{ s'g} Jokf/Ln] qmo u¥of], p;sf] k;naf6
nf]xf/n] lnP/ tnjf/ agfof], nf]xf/;Fuaf6 s'g} l;kfxLn] tnjf/ lnof], p;n] To; xltof/af6
s;}nfO{ df¥of] . ca oxfF h;/L kmnfdnfO{ pTkÌ ug]{, p;af6 lsg]/ lng], tnjf/ agfpg]jfnf /
tnjf/nfO{ ;dft]/ /fhfn] b08 lb+b}g, lsGt' h;n] tnjf/åf/f df¥of], p;}n] b08 kfpF5 . o;} k|sf/
z/L/flbnfO{ pTklQ ug]{jfnf k/d]Zj/ p;sf] sd{sf] ef]Qmf x'Fb}g, lsGt' hLj ef]Qmf x'G5 . k]ml/ olb
k/d]Zj/n] sd{ u/fpFYof] eg] t s'g} hLjn] klg kfk ub}{gy], lsgeg] k/d]Zj/ kljq / wfld{s x'gfn]
s'g} hLjnfO{ kfk ug{df k|]/0ff ub}{g . To;}n] hLj cfˆgf] sd{ ug{df :jtGq 5 . h;/L hLj cfˆgf]
sfdx¿df :jtGq 5, To;/L g} k/d]Zj/ klg cfˆgf] sfdx¿df :jtGq 5 .
k|Zg— hLj / O{Zj/sf] :j¿k, u'0f, sd{ / :jefj s:tf] 5 <
pQ/— b'O6} r]tg:j¿k 5g\ . :jefj b'O6}sf] kljq, cljgfzL / wfld{stf cflb 5 . k/Gt'
k/d]Zj/sf ;[li6sf] pTklQ, k|no, ;a}nfO{ lgoddf /fVg', hLjx¿nfO{ kfk–k'0osf] kmn lbg' cflb
wd{o'Qm sd{ x'g\ eg] hLjsf] ;Gtfgf]TklQ, ltgsf] kfng, lzNkljBf cflb /fd|f / g/fd|f sd{ x'g \ .
O{Zj/sf] lgTo1fg, cfgGb, cgGt an cflb u'0f x'g\ . / hLjsf—
OR5få]ifk|oTg;'vb'Mv1fgfGofTdgf] lnËldlt .. —Gofozf:q -!÷!÷!)_ ;"q ..
k|f0ffkfglgd]iff]Gd]ifhLjgdgf]utLlGb|ofGt/ljsf/fM .
;'vb'Mv] OR5få]iff} k|oTgZrfTdgf] lnËflg .. —j}z]lifs ;"q -#÷@÷$_ rGb|fgGbj[lQ ;"qkf7 ..
b'O6} ;"qdf— -OR5f_ kbfy{x¿sf] k|flKtsf] clenfiff, -å]if_ b'Mvflbsf] clgR5f, j}/, -k|oTg_
k'?iffy{ an, -;'v_ cfgGb, -b'Mv_ ljnfk, ck|;Ìtf, -1fg_ ljj]s, lrÌ' oL t'No x'g\ . k/Gt' j}z]lifsdf
-k|f0f_ k|f0fnfO{ aflx/ lgsfNg', -ckfg_ k|f0fnfO{ aflx/af6 leqlt/ n}hfg', -lgd]if_ cfFvf lrDng',
-pGd]if_ cfFvf vf]Ng', -hLjg_ k|f0fnfO{ wf/0f ug'{, -dg_ lgZro, :d/0f / cxÍf/ ug'{, -ult_ rNg',
-OlGb|o_ ;a} OlGb|onfO{ rnfpg', -cGtlj{sf/_ leÌ–leÌ If'wf, t[iff, xif{, zf]sflbsf] x'g' . oL
hLjfTdfsf u'0f k/dfTdfb]lv leGb} 5g\ . log}af6 cfTdfsf] k|tLlt ug'{, lsgeg] Tof] :y"n 5}g .
ha;Dd cfTdf b]xdf x'G5, ta;Dd g} oL u'0f k|sflzt /xG5g\, / ha o;n] z/L/nfO{ 5f]8]/ hfG5,
ta oL u'0fx¿ z/L/df /xFb}gg\ . h;sf] x'gfn] h'g x'G5, / h;sf] gx'gfn] x'Fb}g, tL u'0fx¿ p;}sf
x'G5g\, hf] To; z/L/df lyof] . h:t} bLk / ;"of{lbsf] x'gfn] k|sfzflbsf] x'g', gx'Fbf gx'g', To;/L g}
hLj / k/dfTdfsf] lj1fg u'0fåf/f x'G5 .
k|Zg— k/d]Zj/ lqsfnbzL{ xf], p;n] eljiot\sf] s'/f] hfGb5 . p;n] h:tf] lgZro ug]{5,
hLjn] To:t} ug]{5 . o;af6 hLj :jtGq 5}g / hLjnfO{ O{Zj/n] b08 klg lbg ;Sb}g . lsgeg]
h:tf] O{Zj/n] cfˆgf] 1fgn] lglZrt u/]sf] 5, To:t} g} hLjn] ub{5 .
pQ/— O{Zj/nfO{ lqsfnbzL{ eÌ' d"v{tfsf] sfd xf], lsgeg] h'g eP/ /xFb}g, Tof] …e"tsfnÚ /
geP/ x'G5, Tof] …eljioTsfnÚ elgG5 . s] O{Zj/nfO{ s'g} 1fg eP/ /xFb}g tyf geP/ klg x'G5 <
o;}n] k/d]Zj/sf] 1fg ;bf Ps/;, cvl08t jt{dfg /xG5 . e"t, eljiot\ hLjx¿sf] nflu xf] . olt
t xf] ls hLjx¿sf] sd{sf] ck]Iffb]lv lqsfn1tf O{Zj/df 5, :jtM xf]Og . h;/L :jtGqtfn] sd{
hLj ub{5, To;/L g} ;j{1tfn] O{Zj/ hfGb5 . h:tf] O{Zj/ hfGb5, To:t} hLj ub{5 cyf{t\ e"t,
eljiot\, jt{dfgsf] 1fg / kmn lbgdf O{Zj/ :jtGq / hLj lsl~rt\ jt{dfg / sd{ ug{df :jtGq
5 . O{Zj/sf] cgflb 1fg x'gfn] h:tf] sd{sf] 1fg 5, To:t} g} p;sf] b08 lbg] 1fg klg cgflb 5 .
b'O6} 1fg p;sf ;To x'g\ . s] …sd{1fgÚ ;fFrf] / …b081fgÚ ldYof slxNo} x'g ;Sb5 < To;}n] o;df
s'g} klg bf]if cfpFb}g .
k|Zg— hLj z/L/df leÌ lje' xf] ls kl/lR5Ì <
pQ/— kl/lR5Ì . olb lje' x'GYof] eg] t hfu|t, :jKg, ;'if'lKt, d/0f, hGd, ;+of]u, ljof]u,
hfg', cfpg' slxNo} klg x'g ;Sb}g . To;}n] hLjsf] :j¿k cNk1, cNk cyf{t\ ;"Id 5 / k/d]Zj/sf]
clt;"Id, cgGt, ;j{1 / ;j{Jofks :j¿k 5 . To;}n] hLj / k/d]Zj/sf] …JofKo–JofksÚ ;DaGw
5.
k|Zg— h'g 7fpFdf Pp6f j:t' x'G5, To; 7fpFdf csf]{ j:t' /xg ;Sb}g . To;}n] hLj /
O{Zj/sf] ;+of]u ;DaGw x'g ;Sb5, JofKo–Jofks xf]Og .
pQ/— of] lgod ;dfg cfsf/ ePsf kbfy{df dfq 36\g ;Sb5, c;dfg cfs[ltdf xf]Og .
h:t} kmnfd :y"n, clUg ;"Id x'G5, o;sf/0faf6 kmnfddf ljB't\ clUg Jofks eP/ Pp6} cjsfzdf
b'O6} /xG5g\, To;/L g} hLj k/d]Zj/ eGbf :y"n / k/d]Zj/–hLj eGbf ;"Id x'gfn] k/d]Zj/ Jofks
/ hLj JofKo xf] . h:tf] of] JofKo–Jofks ;DaGw hLj–O{Zj/sf] 5, To;/L g} ;]Jo–;]js, cfwf/fw]o,
:j:jfdL, /fhf–k|hf / lktf–k'q cflbsf] klg ;DaGw x'G5 .
O{Zj/sf] ;u'0ftf / lgu'{0ftfsf] af/]df syg -&=(_
k|Zg– a|Xd / hLj cnu–cnu x'g\ ls Ps <
pQ/— cnu–cnu x'g\ .
k|Zg— olb k[ys\–k[ys\ xf] eg] t—
k|1fg+ a|Xd ..!.. —P]t/]o pklgifb\ -#÷%÷#_ ..
cx+ a|Xdfl:d ..@.. —a[xbf/0osf]klgifb\ -!÷$÷!)Ù zt=a|f=$÷#÷@÷@!_ ..
t¤jdl; ..#.. —5fGbf]Uof]klgifb\ -^÷*÷&_ ..
codfTdf a|Xd ..$.. —df08"Sof]klgifb\ @Ù zt= a|f= -!$÷$÷%÷!$_ ..
oL j]bx¿sf …dxfjfSox¿Ú sf] s] cy{ xf] <
pQ/— oL j]bjfSo g} xf]Ogg\, lsGt' a|fXd0f–u|Gyx¿sf jrg x'g\, / logsf] gfd …dxfjfSoÚ
eg]/ s'g} ;Tozf:qx¿df n]lvPsf] 5}g .
cy{— cyf{t\ a|Xd k|s[i6 1fg:j¿k 5 ..!..
-cxd\_ d -a|Xd_ cyf{t\ a|Xd:y -cl:d_ x"F . oxfF …tfT:Yof]kflwÚ 5, h:t} …d~rfM qmf]zlGtÚ
d~rfg k'sfb{5g\ . d~rfg h8 xf], To;df k'sfg]{ ;fdYo{ x'Fb}g, To;}n] d~r:y dg'iox¿ k'sfb{5g\ .
o;} k|sf/n] oxfF klg a'‰g'kb{5 . s;}n] eGb5 ls a|Xd:y ;a} kbfy{ 5g\, k'gM hLjnfO{ a|Xd:y
eÌ'df s] ljz]if 5 < o;sf] pQ/ of] xf] ls ;a} kbfy{ a|Xd:y x'g\, k/Gt' h:tf] ;fwDo{o'Qm lgs6:y
hLj xf], To:tf] cGo xf]Ogg\, / hLjnfO{ a|Xdsf] 1fg / d'lQmdf a|Xdsf] ;fIffT;DaGwdf /xG5, o;}n]
hLjsf] a|Xdsf] ;fydf …tfT:YoÚ jf …tT;xrl/tf]kflwÚ cyf{t\ a|Xdsf] ;xrf/L hLj xf] . To;}n] hLj /
a|Xd Ps xf]Ogg\ . h:t} s;}n] s;};Fu egf];\ ls d / of] Ps} xf}+ cyf{t\ clj/f]wL xf}+, To:tf] h'g hLj
;dflw:y, k/d]Zj/df k|]da4 eP/ lgdUg x'G5, To;n] eÌ;Sb5 ls d / a|Xd Ps cyf{t \ clj/f]wL
Ps cjsfz:y xf}+ . hf] hLj k/d]Zj/sf] u'0f–sd{–:jefjsf] cg's"n cfˆgf] u'0f–sd{–:jefjnfO{
9fNb5, ToxL ;fwDo{n] a|Xdsf] ;fy Pstf eÌ ;Sb5 ..@..
k|Zg— To;f] eP o;sf] cy{ s:tf] ub{5f} -tt\_ a|Xd -Tj+_ tF hLj -cl;_ xf];\ . x] hLj Û
-Tjd\_ tF -tt\_ Tof] a|Xd -cl;_ xf];\ .
pQ/kIf— ltdLn] …tt\Ú zAbaf6 s] lnG5f} <
k"j{kIf— …a|XdÚ .
pQ/kIf— …a|XdÚ kbsf] cg'j[lQ stfaf6 Nofof} <
k"j{kIf— …;b]j ;f]Do]bdu| cf;Lb]sd]jflåtLo+ a|XdÚ .. o; k"j{ jfSoaf6 .
pQ/kIf— ltdLn] o; 5fGbf]Uo pklgifb\sf] bz{g klg u/]gf} . olb ltdLn] b]v]sf x'GYof} eg] t
o:tf] e'm§f] lsg af]NYof} < jxfF …a|XdÚ zAbsf] kf7 klg 5}g, lsGt' 5fGbf]Uodf t—
;b]j ;f]Do]bdu| cf;Lb]sd]jflåtLod\ .. —5fGbf]Uof]klgifb\ -cWofo ^÷v08 @÷dGq !_ ..
o:tf] kf7 5 . jxfF …a|XdÚ zAb 5}g .
k|Zg— To;f] eP ltdLn] tR5Abn] s] lnG5f} <
pQ/— ; o Piff]˜l0fd}tbfTDoldbœ ;j{+ tT;Toœ ; cfTdf t¤jdl; Zj]ts]tf] Olt ..
—5fGbf]Uof]klgifb\ -^÷*÷&_ ..
Tof] k/dfTdf hfÌof]Uo 5 . h'g of] cToGt;"Id / o; ;a} hut\ / hLjsf] cfTdf xf] . jxL
;To:j¿k / cfˆgf] cfTdf cfk}m xf] . x] Zj]ts]tf] Û lk|ok'q Û …tbfTds:tbGtof{dL Tjdl;Ú p;
k/dfTdf cGtof{dLb]lv tF o'Qm 5;\ . oxL cy{ ;a} pklgifb\x¿b]lv clj?4 5 . lsgeg]—
o cfTdlg lti7ÌfTdgf]˜Gt/f] odfTdf g j]b o:ofTdf z/L/d\ .
o cfTdfgdGt/f] odolt ; t˜cfTdfGtof{Dod[tM .. —zt=a|f= -!$÷%÷%÷#)_ ..
—t'ngf [sf0j a[xbf/0osf]klgifb -#÷&÷@@_] ..
of] a[xbf/0os pklgifb\sf] jrg xf] . dxlif{ of1jNSon] p2fnsnfO{ eÌ'x'G5 ls— æx]
p2fns Û h'g k/d]Zj/ cfTdf cyf{t\ hLjdf l:yt / hLjfTdfb]lv leÌ 5, h;nfO{ d"9 hLjfTdfn]
hfGb}g ls Tof] k/dfTdf ddf Jofks 5 . h'g k/d]Zj/sf] hLjfTdf z/L/ cyf{t \ h;/L z/L/df hLj
/xG5, To;/L g} hLjdf k/d]Zj/ Jofks 5 . hLjfTdfb]lv leÌ /x]/ hLjsf] kfk–k'0osf] ;fIfL eP/
ltgsf] kmn hLjnfO{ lbP/ lgoddf /fVb5, jxL cljgfzL:j¿k ltd|f] klg cGtof{dL cfTdf cyf{t \
ltd|f] leq Jofks 5, To;nfO{ ltdLn] hfg .Æ OToflb jrgx¿nfO{ s] s;}n] cGoyf ug{ ;Sb5
/ < ..#..
…codfTdf a|XdÚ cyf{t\ ;dflwbzfdf ha of]uLnfO{ k/d]Zj/ k|ToIf x'G5, ta To;n] eGb5
ls æof] h'g ddf Jofks 5, jxL a|Xd ;j{q Jofks 5 .Æ To;}n] hf] cfhef]lnsf j]bfGtL hLj–
a|Xdsf] Pstf ub{5g\, ltgLx¿n] j]bfGtzf:qnfO{ hfGb}gg\ ..$..
k|Zg— cg]gfTdgf hLj]gfg'k|ljZo gfd¿k] Jofs/jfl0f ..!.. —5fGbf]Uof]klgifb\ -^÷#÷#_ ..
tT;[i6\jf tb]jfg'k|fljzt\ ..@.. —t}lQ/Lof]klgifb\ -a|XdfgGbjNnL÷cg'jfs ^÷dGq !_ ..
k/d]Zj/ eGb5 ls d hut\ / z/L/nfO{ /r]/ hut\df Jofks / hLj¿k eP/ z/L/df k|lji6
x'Fb} gfd / ¿ksf] JofVof u¿F ..!.. k/d]Zj/n] To; hut\ / z/L/nfO{ agfP/, To;}df pm k|lji6
eof] . OToflb >'ltx¿sf] cy{ cs}{ s;/L ug{ ;Sb5f} ..@..
pQ/— olb ltdLn] kb, kbfy{ / jfSofy{ hfGbYof} eg] t o:tf] cgy{ slxNo} ug]{ lyPgf} .
lsgeg] oxfF o:tf] ;Dem— Ps …k|j]zÚ / csf]{ …cg'k|j]zÚ cyf{t\ kZrft\ k|j]z elgG5 . k/d]Zj/
z/L/df k|lji6 ePsf hLj;Fu cg'k|lji6s} ;dfg eP/ j]båf/f ;a} gfd ¿kflbsf] ljBfnfO{ k|s6
ub{5Ù / z/L/df hLjnfO{ k|j]z u/fP/, cfk"m hLjsf] leq cg'k|lji6 e}/x]sf] 5 . olb ltdLn] …cg'Ú
zAbsf] cy{ hfGbYof} t To:tf] ljk/Lt cy{ slxNo} ub}{gYof} .
k|Zg— …;f]˜o+ b]jbQf] o pi0fsfn] sfZof+ b[i6M, ; ObfgL+ k|fj[6\;do] dy'/fof+ b[Zot]Ú cyf{t\
h'g b]jbQ d}n] pi0fsfndf sfzLdf b]v]sf] lyPF, p;}nfO{ jiff{ ;do dy'/fdf b]Vb5' . oxfF Tof] sfzL
b]z pi0fsfn, of] dy'/f b]z / jiff{sfnnfO{ 5f]8]/ z/L/dfqdf nIo u/]df g} b]jbQ nlIft x'G5,
To;/L g} o; efuTofunIf0ffb]lv O{Zj/sf] k/f]If b]z, sfn, dfof, pkflw / hLjsf] of] b]z, sfn,
cljBf / cNk1tf pkflw 5f]8]/ r]tgdfqdf nIo lbgfn] Pp6} a|Xd j:t' b'O6}df nlIft x'G5 . o;
…efuTofunIf0ffÚ cyf{t\ s]xL u|x0f ug'{ s]xL 5f]l8lbg'— h:t} ;j{1Tjflb jfRofy{ O{Zj/sf] /
cNk1Tjflb jfRofy{ hLjsf] 5f]8]/ r]tgdfq nIofy{sf] u|x0f ugf{n] …cå}tÚ l;4 x'G5, oxfF s] eÌ
;Sb5f} <
pQ/— k|yd ltdLn] hLj / O{Zj/nfO{ lgTo dfGb5f} ls clgTo <
k|Zg— oL b'O6} pkflwhGo slNkt x'gfn] clgTo dfGb5f}+ .
pQ/— To; pkflwnfO{ lgTo dfGb5f} ls clgTo <
k|Zg— xfd|f] dtdf—
hLj]zf} r ljz'4flrb\ lje]b:t' tof]å{of]M . cljBf tlRrtf]of]{uM if8:dfsdgfboM ..!..
—ljBf/0o lj/lrt …cg'e"ltk|sfzÚ -cWofo !÷Znf]s ^!_ ..
sføof]{kflw/o+ hLjM sf/0ff]kflw/LZj/M . sføo{sf/0ftf+ lxTjf k"0f{af]wf]˜jlziot] ..@..
—oL …;+If]kzf/L/sÚ / …zf/L/sefioÚ df sfl/sf x'g\ ..
—cKkobLlIft /lrt gf/fo0foGq—snsQfd'lb|t—l;4fGtn]z;+u|x ..
xfdL j]bfGtLn] 5M kbfy{x¿ cyf{t\ Ps hLj, bf];|f] O{Zj/, t];|f] a|Xd, rf}yf] hLj / O{Zj/sf]
ljz]if e]b, kfFrf}+ cljBf c1fg, / 5}6f}+ cljBf / r]tgsf] of]unfO{ cgflb dfGb5f}+ . k/Gt' Ps a|Xd
cgflb, cgGt / cGo kfFr cgflb ;fGt x'g\, h:tf] ls k|fuefj x'G5 . ha;Dd c1fg /xG5, ta;Dd
oL kfFr /xG5g\, / oL kfFr}sf] cflb ljlbt x'Fb}g, To;}n] …cgflbÚ / 1fg ePkZrft\ gi6 x'G5g\, o;}n]
…;fGtÚ cyf{t\ gfzjfn] elgG5 .
pQ/— oL ltd|f b'O6} Znf]s z'4 5}gg\, lsgeg] cljBfsf] of]usf] lagf hLj / dfofsf] of]usf]
lagf O{Zj/ ltd|f] dtdf l;4 x'g ;Sb}g . o;af6 …tlRrtf]of]{uMÚ h'g 5}6f}+ kbfy{ ltdLn] ug]sf 5f},
Tof] /x]g . lsgeg] Tof] cljBf dfof hLj O{Zj/df rl/tfy{ x'g uof] / a|Xd tyf dfof / cljBfsf]
of]usf] lagf O{Zj/ aGb}g, k]ml/ O{Zj/nfO{ cljBf / a|Xdb]lv k[ys\ uÌ' Joy{ xf] . To;}n] b'O6f dfq}
kbfy{ cyf{t\ a|Xd / cljBf ltd|f] dtdf l;4 x'g ;Sb5g\, 5M xf]Og ..!.. tyf ltd|f] k|yd sfof]{kflw /
sf/0ff]kflwn] hLj / O{Zj/sf] l;4 ug{ ta x'g;Sb5 ls ha cgGt, lgTo–z'4–a'4–d'Qm:jefj, ;j{1,
;j{Jofks a|Xddf c1fg l;4 u/] . olb To;sf]] Ps b]zdf :jf>o / :jljifos c1fg cgflb ;j{q
dfGof} eg] t ;a} a|Xd z'4 x'g ;Sb}gÙ / ha Ps b]zdf c1fg dfGof} eg] t Tof] kl/lR5Ì x'gfn]
otf–ptf cfpg]–hfg] ul//xg]5 . hxfF–hxfF hfg]5, ToxfF–ToxfFsf] a|Xd c1fgL / h'g–h'g b]znfO{
5f]8\b} hfg]5, To;–To; b]zsf] a|Xd 1fgL e}/xg]5 ta s'g} b]zsf] a|XdnfO{ cgflb z'4 1fgo'Qm eÌ
;Sg]5}gf} . k]ml/ h'g c1fgsf] ;Ldfdf a|Xd 5, To;n] c1fgnfO{ hfÌ]5 . aflx/ / leqsf] a|Xdsf]
6'qmf x'g hfg]5 . olb egf}nf ls 6'qmf x'g hfcf] a|Xdsf] s] xflg < h'g 6'qmf eof] eg] t Tof] cv08
xf]Og . h'g cv08 eof] eg] t c1fgL xf]Og tyf 1fgsf] cefj jf ljk/Lt 1fg klg u'0f x'gfn] s'g}
b|Josf] ;fy lgTo ;DaGwn] /xg]5 . olb o:tf] xf] eg] t ;djfo;DaGw x'gfn] clgTo slxNo} klg
x'g ;Sb}g . k]ml/ h:t} z/L/df Ps 7fpFdf 3fp x'gfn] ;j{q b'vfO{ k}mlnG5, To;/L g} Ps b]zdf
c1fg, ;'v–b'Mv, Sn]zx¿sf] pknlAw x'gfn] ;a} a|Xd b'Mvflbsf] cg'ejo'Qm x'g]5 / ;a} a|XdnfO{
z'4 eÌ;Sg] 5}gf} . To;/L g} …sfof]{kflwÚ cyf{t\ cGtMs/0fsf] pkflwsf] of]un] a|XdnfO{ hLj dfGof}
eg] t, xfdLn] ;f]W5f}+ ls a|Xd Jofks xf] ls kl/lR5Ì < olb eg ls Jofks / pkflw— …kl/lR5ÌÚ xf]
cyf{t\ Psb]zL / k[ys\–k[ys\ xf], ta t cGtMs/0f rNg]–lkmg]{ ub{5 ls ub}{g <
pQ/— rNg]–lkmg]{ ub{5 .
k|Zg— cGtMs/0fsf] ;fy a|Xd klg rNg]–lkmg]{ ub{5 ls l:y/ /xG5 <
pQ/— l:y/ /xG5 .
k|Zg— ha cGtMs/0f h'g–h'g b]znfO{ 5f]8\b} hfg]5, To;–To; b]zsf] a|Xd c1fg/lxt /
h'g–h'g b]znfO{ k|fKt ub}{ hfg]5 To;–To; b]zsf] z'4 a|Xd c1fgL x'Fb} hfG5 xf]nf . o;/L If0fdf
1fgL / If0fdf c1fgL a|Xd x'G5 xf]nf . o;af6 df]If / aGw klg If0feË x'g]5 . k]ml/ h:tf] Pp6fn]
b]v]sf]nfO{ s'g} cGon] :d/0f ug{ ;Sb}g, To;/L g} lxhf] b]v]sf]–;'g]sf] j:t' jf s'/fsf] 1fg /xg
;Sb}g . lsgeg] hlt j]nf b]v]sf]–;'g]sf] lyof], Tof] bf];|f] b]z / bf];|} sfn, hlt j]nf :d/0f ub{5, Tof]
bf];|f] b]z / bf];|} sfn xf] . olb eGb5f} ls a|Xd Ps xf], ta t ;j{1 lsg xf]Og < olb eGb5f} ls
cGtMs/0f leÌ–leÌ xf], o;n] ubf{ Tof] klg leÌ–leÌ x'g hfG5 xf]nf . To;f] eP t Tof] h8 xf],
To;df 1fg x'g ;Sb}g . olb egf}nf ls g s]jn a|Xd / g s]jn cGtMs/0fnfO{ 1fg x'G5, lsGt'
cGtMs/0f:y lrbfef;nfO{ 1fg x'G5 . tfklg r]tgnfO{ g} cGtMs/0fåf/f 1fg eof], To;f] eP Tof]
g]qåf/f cNk cNk1 lsg 5 < To;}n] sf/0ff]kflw / sfof]{kflwsf] of]uaf6 a|Xd, hLj / O{Zj/ agfpg
;Sb}gf} . lsGt' …O{Zj/Ú gfd a|Xdsf] xf] / a|Xdb]lv leÌ cgflb, cg'TkÌ / cd[t:j¿k hLjsf] gfd
…hLjÚ xf] . olb ltdLn] eGof} ls hLj …lrbfef;Ú sf] gfd xf], ta t Tof] If0feË x'gfn] jxL
…k|Tole1fÚ sf] eËsf] bf]if cfof] / …clgdf]{IffklQÚ klg cfpF5, lsgls hLj pTkÌ x'gfn] gi6 x'ghfG5
eg] t df]Ifsf] ;'v s;n] ef]Ug] < To;}n] a|Xd hLj / hLj a|Xd slxNo} Ps ePg, g 5 / g
x'g]5 ..@..
k|Zg— To;f] eP …;b]j ;f]Do]bdu| cf;Lb]sd]jflåtLod\Ú .. —5fGbf]Uof]klgifb\ -^÷@÷!_ ..
cå}tl;l4 s;/L x'g]5 < xfd|f] dtdf t a|Xdb]lv k[ys\ s'g} ;hftLo, ljhftLo j:t' / :jut\
cjojx¿sf] e]b gx'gfn] Ps a|Xd g} l;4 x'G5 . ha hLj bf];|f] xf] eg] t cå}tl;l4 s;/L x'g
;Sb5 <
pQ/— o; e|ddf k/]/ lsg 8/fpF5f} < ljz]io–ljz]if0f ljBfsf] ljrf/ u/ ls To;sf] s] kmn
xf] . olb eg ls …JofjQ{s+ ljz]if0f+Ú ljz]if0f e]bsf/s x'G5 eg] t, olt c¿ klg dfg ls …k|jQ{s+
k|sfzsdlk ljz]if0f+ ejtLltÚ ljz]if0f k|jQ{s / k|sfzs wd{jfnf klg x'G5 . ca eg ls cå}t
ljz]if0f a|Xdsf] xf] . o;df JofjQ{s wd{ of] xf] ls …å}t j:t'Ú cyf{t \ h;/L cg]s hLj / t¤j 5g\
tL b]lv a|XdnfO{ k[ys\ ub{5 / ljz]if0fsf] k|jQ{s / k|sfzs wd{ of] xf] ls a|Xd Pp6} x'g] k|j[lQ
u/fpF5 / k|sfzs xf] . h;/L æcl:dÌu/]˜låtLof] wgf9Øf] b]jbQM, c:of+ ;]gfofdlåtLoM z"/jL/f]
ljqmdl;+xM .Æ s;}n] s;};Fu eGof] ls— æo; gu/df clåtLo wgf9Ø b]jbQ / o; ;]gfdf clåtLo
z"/jL/ ljqmdl;+x 5 .Æ o;af6 s] l;4 x'G5 eg] b]jbQsf] ;b[z o; gu/df bf];|f] wgf9Ø / o;
;]gfdf ljqmdl;+xs} ;dfg bf];|f] z"/jL/ 5}g . Go"g t 5g\ . / k[YjL cflb h8 kbfy{, kZjflb / j[Ifflb
klg 5g\, ltgsf] lgif]w x'g ;Sb}g . To;/L g} a|Xdsf] ;b[z hLj jf k|s[lt 5}g, lsGt' Go"g t 5 .
o;af6 oxL l;4 eof] ls a|Xd ;bf Ps 5 / hLj tyf k|s[lt:y t¤j cg]s 5g\ . tL b]lv leÌ u/]/
a|Xdsf] PsTjsf] l;4 ug{sf] nflu …cå}tÚ jf …clåtLoÚ ljz]if0f xf] . o;af6 hLj jf k|s[ltsf] /
sføo{¿k hut\sf] cefj / lgif]w x'g ;Sb}g lsGt' oL ;a} 5g\, k/Gt' a|Xdsf] t'No xf]Og, o;af6 g
cå}tl;l4 / g å}tl;l4sf] xflg x'G5 . gx8\a8fpm, ;f]r / ;Dem .
k|Zg— a|Xdsf] ;t\, lrt\, cfgGb / hLjsf] cl:t, eflt, lk|o¿kb]lv Pstf x'G5 . k]ml/ lsg
v08g ub{5f} <
pQ/— lsl~rt\ ;fwDo{ ldNgfn] Pstf x'g ;Sb}g . h;/L k[YjL h8, b[Zo xf], To:t} hn /
clUg cflb klg h8 / b[Zo xf], oltdfq}n] Pstf x'Fb}g . logdf j}wDo{ e]bsf/s cyf{t \ lj?4 wd{
h:t} uGw, ¿Iftf, sfl7Go, cflb u'0f k[YjL, / /;, b|jTj, sf]dnTjflb wd{ hn, / ¿k, bfxsTjflb
wd{ clUgsf] x'gfn] Pstf 5}g . h:t} dg'io / ls/f cfFvfn] b]V5g\, d'vn] vfG5g\, v'§fn] lx+8\5g\
tyflk dg'iosf] hflt, cfs[lt, b'O{ v'§f / ls/fsf] hflt, cfs[lt cg]s v'§f cflb leÌ x'gfn] Pstf
x'Fb}g, To;/L g} k/d]Zj/sf] cgGt 1fg, cfgGb, an, lqmof, lge|f{lGtTj / Jofkstf hLjb]lv / hLjsf]
cNk1fg, cNkan, cNk:j¿k, ;e|flGtTj / kl/lR5Ìtflb u'0f a|Xdb]lv leÌ x'gfn] hLj / k/d]Zj/
Ps xf]Og, lsgeg] logsf] :j¿k klg, k/d]Zj/ clt;"Id / hLj p;b]lv s]xL :y"n x'gfn], leÌ 5 .
k|Zg— cyf]b/dGt/+ s'?t], cy t:o eo+ ejlt . —t}lQ/Lof]klgifb\ -a|=j=cg'=&_ ..
låtLofå} eo+ ejlt .. —a[xbf/0osf]klgifb\ -!÷$÷@_ ..
h;n] a|Xd / hLjdf yf]/} klg e]b ub{5, To;nfO{ eo k|fKt x'G5, lsgeg] bf];|f]af6 g} eo
k|fKt x'g] ub{5 .
pQ/— o;sf] cy{ of] xf]Og . lsGt' h'g hLjn] k/d]Zj/sf] lgif]w jf s'g} Ps b]z–sfndf
kl/lR5Ì k/dfTdfnfO{ dfg], jf p;sf] cf1f / u'0f–sd{–:jefjb]lv lj?4 ePdf, cyjf s'g} bf];|f]
dg'io;Fu j}/ u/]df, To;nfO{ eo k|fKt x'G5 . lsgeg] …låtLo a'l4Ú cyf{t\ O{Zj/;Fu d]/f] s'g} ;DaGw
5}g, tyf s'g} dg'ionfO{ egf];\ ls ætFnfO{ d}n] s]xL klg ;DemÌ, t}+n] d]/f] s]xL klg ug{ ;Sb}g;\,Æ
jf s;}sf] xflg ub}{ / b'Mv lb+b} uPdf To;nfO{ pgLx¿b]lv eo x'G5, / ;a} k|sf/af6 clj/f]w ePdf
t aNn Ps elgG5 . h:t} ;+;f/df elgG5 ls b]jbQ, o1bQ / lji0f'ldq Ps x'g\, cyf{t\ clj?4 x'g\
cyf{t\ lj/f]w g/xgfn] ;'v / lj/f]w /xgfn] b'Mv k|fKt x'G5 .
k|Zg— a|Xd / hLjsf] ;bf Pstf cg]stf /xG5 ls cyjf slxn] b'O6} ldn]/ Ps klg x'G5g\,
ls x'Fb}gg\ <
 pQ/— ev{/} o;sf] k"j{ s]xL pQ/ lbO;lsPsf] 5, k/Gt' ;fwDo{ cGjoefjn] Pstf x'G5 .
h;/L cfsfzaf6 d"Q{–b|Jo h8Tj x'gfn] / slxNo} k[ys\ g/xgfn] Pstf / cfsfzsf] lje', ;"Id,
c¿k, cgGt cflb u'0f / d"Q{sf] kl/lR5Ì, b[ZoTj cflb j}wDo{n] e]b x'G5, cyf{t \ h;/L k[lyJoflb–
b|Jo cfsfzb]lv leÌ slxNo} klg /xFb}g . lsgeg] …cGjoÚ cyf{t\ cjsfzsf] lagf d"Q{–b|Jo slxNo}
klg /xg ;Sb}g / …Jolt/]sÚ cyf{t\ :j¿kb]lv leÌ x'gfn] k[ys\tf 5 . To;/L g} a|Xdsf] Jofks
x'gfn] hLj / k[YjL cflb b|Jo To;b]lv cnu /xFb}gg\ / :j¿kb]lv Ps klg x'Fb}gg\ . h;/L 3/
agfpg' eGbf k"j{ leÌ–leÌ b]zsf] df6f], sf7, kmnfd, cfsfzdf g} /xG5g\, ha 3/ aGof] ta klg
cfsfzdf g} x'G5 / ha Tof] gi6 eof] cyf{t\ To;sf] ;a} cjoj leÌ–leÌ b]zdf k|fKt x'g uP, ta
klg cfsfzd} x'G5 . cyf{t\ tLg} sfndf cfsfzb]lv leÌ x'g ;Sb}gg\ / :j¿kb]lv leÌ x'gfn] g t
slxNo} Ps lyP, 5g\ / x'g]5g\ . o;} k|sf/n] hLj tyf ;a} ;+;f/sf kbfy{ k/d]Zj/df JofKo x'gfn]
k/dfTdfb]lv tLg} sfnx¿df cleÌ / :j¿kb]lv leÌ x'gfn] slxNo} klg Ps x'g ;Sb}gg\ .
cfhef]lnsf j]bfGtLx¿sf] b[li6 sfgf] k'?ifsf] ;dfg cGjolt/ k/]/ Jolt/]sefjb]lv 5'6]/ lj?4
ePsf] 5 . s'g} klg o:tf] b|Jo 5}g h;df ;u'0flgu'{0ftf, cGjo–Jolt/]s, ;fwDo{–j}wDo{ / ljz]io–
ljz]if0f efj gxf];\ .
j]bsf] ljifodf ljrf/ -&=!)_
k|Zg— k/d]Zj/ ;u'0f xf] ls lgu'{0f <
pQ/— b'O6} k|sf/sf] xf] .
k|Zg— s] Ps Dofgdf b'O6f tnjf/ slxNo} /xg ;Sb5g\ Û Ps kbfy{df ;u'0f / lgu'{0ftf
s;/L /xg ;Sb5 <
pQ/— h;/L h8sf ¿kflb u'0f x'G5g\ / r]tgsf 1fgflb u'0f h8df x'Fb}gg\, To;/L g}
r]tgdf OR5flb u'0f 5g\ / ¿kflb h8sf] u'0f 5}g . To;}n] …ob\u'0f}:;x jQ{dfg+ tT;u'0fd\, u'0f]Eof]
olÌu{t+ k[yUe"t+ tlÌu'{0fd\Ú hf] u'0fx¿b]lv ;lxt Tof] …;u'0fÚ / hf] u'0fx¿b]lv /lxt Tof] …lgu'{0fÚ
elgG5 . cfˆgf]–cfˆgf] :jefljs u'0fx¿sf] ;lxt / bf];|f] lj/f]wLsf] u'0fx¿b]lv /lxt x'gfn] ;a}
kbfy{ ;u'0f / lgu'{0f x'G5g\ . s'g} klg o:tf] kbfy{ 5}g h;df s]jn lgu'{0ftf jf s]jn ;u'0ftf xf];\,
lsGt' Pp6}df ;u'0ftf / lgu'{0ftf ;bf /xG5 . To;/L g} k/d]Zj/ cfˆgf] cgGt1fg–anflb
u'0fx¿b]lv ;lxt x'gfn] …;u'0fÚ / ¿kflb h8sf] tyf å]ifflb hLjsf] u'0fb]lv k[ys\ x'gfn] k/d]Zj/
…lgu'{0fÚ elgG5 .
k|Zg— ;+;f/df lg/fsf/nfO{ lgu'{0f / ;fsf/nfO{ ;u'0f eGb5g\ . cyf{t\ ha k/d]Zj/n] hGd
ln+b}g, ta …lgu'{0fÚ / ha cjtf/ lnG5, ta …;u'0fÚ elgG5 <
pQ/— of] sNkgf s]jn c1fgLx¿sf] xf] . h;nfO{ ljBf x'Fb}g, ltgLx¿ kz's} ;dfg oyf–
tyf aa{/fpg] ub{5g\ . h;/L ;lÌkft–Hj/o'Qm dg'io c08a08 aSb5, To;/L g} cljåfg\x¿n]
eg]sf] jf n]v]sf]nfO{ Joy{ ;Demg'kb{5 .
k|Zg— k/d]Zj/ /fuL xf] ls lj/Qm <
pQ/— b'O6} xf]Og, lsgeg] /fu cfk"m eGbf leÌ pQd kbfy{x¿df x'G5, ;f] k/d]Zj/b]lv s'g}
kbfy{ k[ys\ jf pQd 5}g, To;}n] p;df …/fuÚ sf] ;Dej 5}g . / h;n] k|fKtnfO{ 5f]l8lbG5, To;nfO{
…lj/QmÚ eGb5g\ . O{Zj/ Jofks x'gfn] s'g} kbfy{nfO{ 5f]8\g ;Sb}g, To;}n] lj/Qm klg xf]Og .
k|Zg— O{Zj/df OR5f 5 ls 5}g <
pQ/— To:tf] OR5f 5}g . lsgeg] OR5f klg ck|fKt, pQd / h;sf] k|flKtn] ;'v–ljz]if
xf]cf];\ ta g} O{Zj/df OR5f x'g ;Sb5 . g t p;b]lv s'g} ck|fKt kbfy{, g t s'g} p;b]lv pQd /
k"0f{ ;'vo'Qm x'gfn] ;'vsf] clenfiff klg 5}g, To;}n] O{Zj/df OR5fsf] t ;Dej 5}g, lsGt' …O{If0fÚ
cyf{t\ ;a} k|sf/sf] ljBfsf] bz{g / ;a} ;[li6nfO{ ug'{ elgG5, Tof] O{If0f xf] . OToflb ;+lIfKt
ljifob]lv g} ;Hhgx¿n] w]/} s'/fx¿ a'‰g ;Sg]5g\ .
ca ;+If]kn] O{Zj/sf] ljifo n]v]/ j]bsf] ljifo n]lvG5—
ySma/d&cae? A/pat?]/n! yju/yRSma?d/pak?;n! ,

sama?in/ ySy/ laema?NywvaRi¼/rsae/ muO<a? Sk/M-Nt< äU?ih kt/m> iSv?de/v s> .

—cyj{j]b -sf08 !)÷k|kf7s @#÷cg'jfs $÷dGq @)_ ..
 h'g k/dfTdfb]lv CUj]b, oh'j]{b, ;fdj]b / cyj{j]b k|sfzlt ePsf 5g\, Tof] s'grflx+ b]j
xf] < o;sf] pQ/— h;n] ;a}nfO{ pTkÌ u/]/ wf/0f ul//x]sf] 5, ToxL k/dfTdf xf] .
Sv?y/M-UyRa?watWy/tae=wa/Rn! Vy/dxaCDañ/tI_y/> sma?_y>, —oh'j]{b -cWofo $)÷dGq *_ ..
hf] :joDe", ;j{Jofks, z'4, ;gftg, lg/fsf/ k/d]Zj/ xf], p;}n] ;gftg hLj¿k k|hfsf]
sNof0ffy{ oyfjt\ /Lltk"j{s j]båf/f ;a} ljBfx¿sf] pkb]z ub{5 .
k|Zg— k/d]Zj/nfO{ ltdLn] lg/fsf/ dfGb5f} ls ;fsf/ <
pQ/— lg/fsf/ dfGb5' .
k|Zg— ha lg/fsf/ xf] eg] t j]bljBfsf] pkb]z lagf d'vsf] j0ff]{Rrf/0f s;/L x'g ;Sb5 <
lsgeg] j0f{x¿sf] pRrf/0fdf tfNjflb :yfg, lhÃfsf] k|oTg cjZo x'g'kb{5 .
pQ/— k/d]Zj/ ;j{zlQmdfg\ / ;j{Jofks x'gfn] hLjx¿nfO{ cfˆgf] ljBfsf] pkb]z ug{df
s'g} klg d'vflbsf] ck]Iff 5}g . lsgeg] d'v–lhÃfb]lv j0ff]{Rrf/0f cfk"m eGbf leÌ dg'iosf] nflu ug]{
ul/G5, cfˆgf] nflu xf]Og . lagf d'v / lhÃfsf] dgdf cg]s Jojxf/x¿sf] ljrf/ / zAbf]Rrf/0f
e}/fVb5 . sfgdf cf}+nfn] y'g]/ x]/, ;'g ls lagf d'v–lhÃf–tfNjflb :yfgx¿sf] s:tf–s:tf zAb
e}/x]sf 5g\, To;/L g} hLjx¿nfO{ cGtof{dL¿kaf6 pkb]z u/]sf] 5 . lsGt' s]jn bf];|f]nfO{
;Demfpgsf] nflu pRrf/0f ug]{ ul/G5 . ha k/d]Zj/ lg/fsf/ ;j{Jofks 5 eg] t cfˆgf] ljBfsf]
pkb]z hLj:y :j¿kaf6 hLjfTdfdf k|sflzt ul/lbG5 . k]ml/ Tof] dg'ion] cfˆgf] d'vn] pRrf/0f
u/]/ bf];|fnfO{ ;'gfpF5, To;}n] O{Zj/df of] bf]if cfpg ;Sb}g .
k|Zg— s;sf] cfTdfdf slxn] j]bx¿sf] k|sfz u/] <
pQ/— cUg]jf{ CUj]bf] hfot] jfof]o{h'j]{bM ;"of{T;fdj]bM ..
—-t'ngf–_ ztky a|fXd0f -!!÷$÷@÷#_ ..
k|yd cyf{t\ ;[li6sf] cflbdf k/dfTdfn] clUg, jfo', cflbTo tyf clË/f Clifx¿sf] cfTdfdf
Ps–Ps j]bsf] k|sfz u/] .
k|Zg— of] j} a|Xdf0f+ ljbwflt k"j{+ of] j} j]bf+Zr k|lx0ff]lt t:d} ..
—Zj]tfZjt/f]klgifb\ -cWofo ^÷dGq !*_ ..
o; jrgaf6 a|XdfhLsf] Åbodf j]bx¿sf] pkb]z ul/of] . k]ml/ cUGoflb Clifx¿sf] cfTdfdf
lsg elgof] <
pQ/— a|Xdfsf] cfTdfdf clUg cflbsf] åf/f :yflkt u/fP . x]/ Û dg':d[ltdf s] n]v]sf] 5 <
clUgjfo'/ljEo:t' qo+ a|Xd ;gftgd\ . b'bf]x o1l;b\Woy{d[Uoh'M;fdnIf0fd\ ..
—dg':d[lt -cWofo !÷Znf]s @#_ ..
h'g k/dfTdfn] cflb ;[li6df dg'ionfO{ pTkÌ u/]/ clUg cflb rf/} Clifx¿åf/f rf/} j]b
a|XdfnfO{ k|fKt u/fP / p;} a|Xdfn] clUg, jfo', cflbTo / -tF cyf{t\_ clË/faf6 Cu\, oh'M, ;fd /
cyj{j]bsf] u|x0f u/] .
k|Zg— tL rf/}df dfq j]bx¿sf] k|sfz u/], cGonfO{ xf]Og, o;af6 O{Zj/ kIfkftL 7xl/G5 .
pQ/— ltgLx¿ rf/} hgfdfq ;a} hLjx¿ eGbf clws kljqfTdf lyP . cGo pgLx¿sf ;b[z
lyPgg\ . To;}n] kljq ljBfsf] pg}df k|sfz u/] .
k|Zg— s'g} b]z–efiffdf j]bx¿sf] k|sfz gu/]/ ;+:s[tdf lsg u/] <
pQ/— olb s'g} b]z–efiffdf k|sfz uy]{ eg] t O{Zj/ kIfkftL x'GYof], lsgeg] h'g b]zsf]
efiffdf k|sfz uy]{ ltgLx¿nfO{ ;'udtf / ljb]zLx¿nfO{ sl7gtf j]bnfO{ k9\g–k9fpgdf x'GYof] .
o;}n] ;+:s[tdf g} k|sfz u/], hf] s'g} b]zsf] efiffdf xf]Og, / cGo ;a} b]zefiffx¿sf] sf/0f xf],
p;}df j]bx¿sf] k|sfz u/] . h;/L O{Zj/sf] k[YjL cflb ;[li6 ;a} b]z / b]zjfnfx¿sf] nflu Pp6} /
;a} lzNkljBfsf] sf/0f xf], To;/L g} k/d]Zj/sf] ljBfsf] efiff klg Pp6} x'g'kb{5 ls ;a}
b]zjfnfx¿sf] nflu k9\g–k9fpgdf t'No kl/>d x'gfn] O{Zj/ kIfkftL x'Fb}g, / ;a} efiffx¿sf] sf/0f
klg xf] .
k|Zg— j]b O{Zj/s[t xf], cGos[t xf]Og, o;sf] s] k|df0f 5 <
pQ/— -!_ h;/L O{Zj/ kljq, ;j{ljBfljt\, z'4u'0fsd{:jefj, Gofosf/L, bofn' cflb u'0fjfnf
5, To:t} h'g k':tsdf O{Zj/sf] u'0f, sd{, :jefjsf] cg's"n syg x'G5, Tof] O{Zj/s[tÙ cGo xf]Og .
-@_ / h;df ;[li6qmd, k|ToIfflb k|df0f, cfKtx¿sf] / kljqfTdfsf] Jojxf/b]lv lj?4 syg gxf];\,
Tof] O{Zj/f]Qm . -#_ h:tf] O{Zj/sf] lge|{d 1fg To:t} h'g k':tsdf e|flGt/lxt 1fgsf] k|ltkfbg x'G5,
Tof] O{Zj/f]Qm . -$_ h:tf] k/d]Zj/ 5 / h:tf] ;[li6qmd /fv]sf] 5, To:t} g} O{Zj/, ;[li6, sfo{, sf/0f
/ hLjsf] k|ltkfbg h;df x'G5, Tof] k/d]Zj/s[t k':ts xf] . -%_ / h'g k|ToIfflb k|df0f–ljifox¿b]lv
clj?4, z'4fTdfsf] :jefjb]lv lj?4 gxf];\ .
o; k|sf/sf] j]bdfq} 5g\ . cGo afOan, s'/fg, cflb xf]Og . o;sf] :ki6 JofVof afOan /
s'/fgsf] t]x|f}+ / rf}wf}+ ;d'Nnf;df ul/g]5 .
k|Zg— j]b O{Zj/b]lv x'g'kg]{ s'g} cfjZostf g} 5}g, lsgeg] dg'iox¿n] qmdzM 1fg a9fpFb}
nu]/ kZrft\ k':ts klg agfpg ;Sg]5g\ .
pQ/— slxNo} klg agfpg ;Sg] 5}gg\ . lsgeg] lagf sf/0fsf] sfof]{TklQsf] x'g c;Dej 5 .
h:t} hËnL dg'io ;[li6nfO{ b]v]/ klg ljåfg\ x'Fb}gg\ / ha s'g} lzIfs ldNof] eg] t ljåfg\ x'G5g\ /
clxn] klg s;};Fu gkl9sg ljåfg x'Fb}gg\ . o; k|sf/ olb tL Clifx¿nfO{ j]b ljBf gk9fPsf] eP /
ltgLx¿n] c¿nfO{ k9fpg] lyPgg\ ta t ;a} hgf cljåfg\ /xg hfGy] . h;/L s;}sf] afnsnfO{
hGd]b]lv PsfGt, cljåfg\x¿ jf kz'x¿;Fu /flvlbof] eg] t Tof] h:tf] ;Ë 5, To:t} x'g hfg]5 .
o;sf] b[i6fGt hËnL eLn -s';'08fx¿_ cflb x'g\ . ha;Dd cfof{jQ{b]lv lzIff uPsf] lyPg ta;Dd
ld>, o"gfg / o"/f]k b]z cflb:y dg'iox¿df s]xL klg ljBf lyPg . / O+Un}08sf] sf]nDa; cflb k'?if
cd]l/sfdf ha;Dd uPsf lyPgg\, ta;Dd ltgLx¿ klg xhf/f}+, nfvf}+, s/f]8f}+ jif{b]lv d"v{ lyP .
ca lzIff kfpgfn] ljåfg\ ePsf 5g\ . To;/L g} k/dfTdfb]lv ;[li6sf] cflbdf ljBf–lzIffsf] k|flKtn]
pQ/f]Q/ sfndf ljåfg\ x'Fb} cfP .
; k"j]{iffdlk u'?M sfn]gfgjR5]bft\ . —of]uzf:q ;"q -;dflwkfb÷;"q @^_ ..
h;/L jt{dfg ;dodf xfdLx¿ cWofksx¿;Fu k9]/ g} ljåfg\ x'G5f}+, To;/L g} k/d]Zj/
;[li6sf] cf/Dedf pTkÌ ePsf clUg cflb Clifx¿sf …u'?Ú cyf{t\ k9fpg]jfnf x'g\ . lsgeg] h;/L
hLj ;'if'lKt / k|nodf 1fg/lxt x'g hfG5, To:tf] k/d]Zj/ x'Fb}g . p;sf] 1fg lgTo 5 . To;}n] of]
lglZrt hfÌ'kb{5 ls lagf lgldQaf6 g}ldlQs cy{ l;4 slxNo} x'Fb}g .
k|Zg— j]b ;+:s[tefiffdf k|sflzt eP / tL clUg cflb Clifx¿ To; ;+:s[tefiffnfO{
hfGb}gy], k]ml/ j]bx¿sf] cy{nfO{ pgLx¿n] s;/L hfg] <
pQ/— k/d]Zj/n] hgfof], / wdf{Tdf of]uL dxlif{x¿ ha–ha h'g–h'gsf] cy{nfO{ hfÌ] OR5f
u/]/ Wofgfjl:yt x'Fb} k/d]Zj/sf] :j¿kdf ;dflw:y eP, ta–ta k/dfTdfn] ceLi6 dGqx¿sf] cy{
hgfOlbP . ha w]/}sf] cfTdfx¿df j]bfy{k|sfz eof] ta Clif–d'lgx¿n] Tof] cy{ / Clif–d'lgx¿sf]
Oltxf;k"j{s u|Gy agfP . ltg}sf] gfd a|fXd0f cyf{t\ …a|XdÚ h'g j]bsf] JofVofgu|Gy x'gfn] …a|fXd0fÚ
gfd eof] . /—
Cifof] dGqb[i6oM dGqfG;Dk|fb'M . —-t'ngf–_ lg?Qm -c=&÷v+=#_Ù -c=!÷v+=@)_ ..
h'g–h'g dGqfy{sf] bz{g h'g–h'g ClifnfO{ eof] / k|yd g} c¿ eGbf klxnf s;}n] To;
dGqsf] cy{ k|sflzt u/]sf lyPgg\, k|sflzt u/] / c¿nfO{ k9fP klg, To;}n] cBfjlw tL–tL dGqsf]
;fy Clifsf] gfd :d/0ffy{ n]Vg] / n]vfOFg] ul/G5 . hf] s;}n] Clifx¿nfO{ dGqstf{ eGb5 eg],
ltgLx¿nfO{ ldYofjfbL ;Demg' . Clifx¿ t dGqx¿sf cy{ k|sfzs x'g\ .
k|Zg— j]b s'g u|Gyx¿sf] gfd xf] <
pQ/— Cs\, oh'M, ;fd / cyj{ dGq;+lxtfx¿sf] gfd j]b xf], cGosf] xf]Og .
k|Zg— dGqa|fX0fof]j]{bgfdw]od\ . —x]g'{xf];\ Û -sfTofogkl/lzi6 k|lt1f;"q !÷!_ ..
OToflb sfTofogflbs[t k|lt1f;"qflbsf] cy{nfO{ s] ub{5f} <
pQ/— x]/ Û ;+lxtf k':tssf] cf/De, cWofosf] ;dflKtdf j]b zAb ;gftgb]lv n]lv+b} cfPsf]
5 / a|fXd0f k':tssf] cf/De jf cWofosf] ;dflKtdf sxL+ klg n]lvPsf] 5}g . / lg?Qmdf—
OTolk lgudf] ejlt .. Olt a|fXd0fd\ .. —lg?Qm -cWofo %÷v08 #, $_ ..
5Gbf]a|fXd0fflg r tlåifofl0f .. —kfl0fgLo ci6fWofoL -$÷@÷^%_ ..
of] kfl0fgLo ;"q xf]— o;af6 klg :ki6 ljlbt x'G5 ls …j]bÚ dGqefu / …a|fXd0fÚ JofVofefu
xf] . olb o;nfO{ ljz]if x]g{ rfx]df …CUj]bflbefioe"ldsfÚ df x]g'{xf]nf . jxfF cg]szM k|df0fx¿b]lv
lj?4 x'gfn] of] sfTofogsf] jrg dfggLo x'g ;Sb}g . lsgeg] olb dfGof}+ eg] t j]b ;gftg
slxNo} x'g ;Sb}gg\ . lsgeg] a|fXd0f–k':tsx¿df y'k|} Clif, dxlif{ / /fhflbsf] Oltxf; n]lvPsf] 5
/ Oltxf; h;sf] x'G5, p;sf] hGdsf] kZrft\ n]lvG5 . tL u|Gy klg pgsf] hGd kZrft\sf] xf] /
o:t} l;4 x'G5 . j]bx¿df s;}sf] Oltxf; 5}gÙ lsGt' h'g–h'g zAbb]lv ljBfsf] af]w x'G5, To;–To;
zAbsf] k|of]u ul/Psf] 5 . s'g} ljz]if dg'iosf] ;+1f jf ljz]if syfsf] k|;Ë j]bx¿df 5}g .
k|Zg— j]bx¿sf slt zfvf 5g\ <
pQ/— Ps xhf/ Ps ;o ;QfO{; .
k|Zg— zfvfnfO{ s] eg]/ lrlgG5 <
pQ/— JofVofgnfO{ …zfvfÚ eGb5g\ .
k|Zg— ;+;f/df ljåfg\x¿ j]bsf] cjoje"t ljefux¿nfO{ zfvf dfGb5g\ <
pQ/— clnstf ljrf/ u¥of} eg] t 7Ls, lsgeg] hlt zfvf 5g\, tL cfZjnfog cflb
Clifx¿sf gfdn] k|l;4 5g\ / dGq;+lxtf k/d]Zj/sf] gfdaf6 k|Voft 5g\ . h;/L rf/} j]bx¿nfO{
k/d]Zj/s[t dfGb5g\, To;/L g} cfZjnfogL cflb zfvfx¿nfO{ tL–tL Clifs[t dfGb5g\ / ;a}
zfvfx¿df dGqx¿sf] k|tLs /fv]/ JofVof ub{5g\ . h:t} t}lQ/Lo zfvfdf …Oif] Tjf]h]{ Tjf OltÚ,
OToflb k|tLs /fv]/ JofVofg ul/Psf] 5 / j]b;+lxtfx¿df s;}sf] klg k|tLs /flvPsf] 5}g . To;}n]
k/d]Zj/s[t rf/} j]b d"n–j[If / cfZjnfogflb ;a} zfvf Clif–d'lgs[t x'g\, k/d]Zj/s[t xf]Ogg\ .
o;sf] ljz]if JofVof x]g{ rfx]df …CUj]bflbefioe"ldsfÚ df x]g'{xf]nf . h;/L dftf–lktf cfˆgf]
;Gtfgdfly s[kfb[li6 u/]/ pÌlt rfxG5g\, To;/L g} k/dfTdfn] ;a} dg'iodfly s[kf u/]/ j]bx¿
k|sflzt u/]sf] 5 . h;af6 dg'io cljBfGwsf/ e|dhfnaf6 5'6]/ ljBf lj1fg¿k ;"o{nfO{ k|fKt u/]/
cfgGbdf /x"g\ / ljBf tyf ;'vx¿sf] j[l4 ub}{ hfpmg\ .
k|Zg— j]b lgTo x'g\ ls clgTo <
pQ/— …lgToÚ x'g\, lsgeg] k/d]Zj/ lgTo x'gfn] p;sf] 1fgflb u'0f klg lgTo x'G5 . hf] lgTo
kbfy{ x'G5 To;sf] u'0f, sd{ :jefj lgTo / clgTo b|Josf] …clgToÚ x'G5 .
k|Zg— s] of] k':ts klg lgTo xf] <
pQ/— xf]Og . lsgeg] k':ts t sfuh / d;Ln] ag]sf] x'G5, Tof] lgTo s;/L x'g ;Sb5 <
lsGt' hf] zAb, cy{ / ;DaGw 5g\, tL lgTo x'g\ <
k|Zg— O{Zj/n] tL Clifx¿nfO{ 1fg lbof] xf]nf / To; 1fgaf6 tL Clifx¿n] j]b agfP
xf]nfg\ <
pQ/— 1fg 1]osf] lagf x'Fb}g . ufoœoflb 5Gb, if8\hflb / pbfQf˜g'bfQflb :j/sf] 1fgk"j{s
ufoœoflb 5Gbx¿sf] lgdf{0f ug{ lagf ;j{1sf] s;}sf] ;fdYo{ 5}g ls o; k|sf/sf] ;j{1fgo'Qm
zf:qnfO{ agfpg ;sf];\ . xf], j]bnfO{ k9]kZrft\ Jofs/0f, lg?Qm / 5Gb cflb u|Gy Clif–d'lgx¿n]
ljBfx¿sf] k|sfzsf] nflu u/]sf x'g\ . olb k/dfTdfn] j]bx¿sf] k|sfz gu/]sf] eP t s;}n] s]xL
klg agfpg ;Sg] lyPg . To;}n] j]b k/d]Zj/f]Qm x'g\ . log}sf] cg';f/ ;a} hgfx¿ rNg'kb{5 / olb
s;}n] ;f]w]df ls ltd|f] dt s] xf] < ta oxL pQ/ lbg' ls xfd|f] dt …j]bÚ cyf{t\ h]–hlt j]bdf
elgPsf] 5, xfdL Tof] ;a}nfO{ dfGb5f}+ .
o;sf] cufl8 ;[li6sf] ljifodf n]lvg]5 . olt ;+If]kn] O{Zj/ / j]bljifodf JofVofg n]lvof] .

Olt >Ld2ofgGb;/:jtL:jflds[t] ;Tofy{k|sfz]

;'efifflje"lift] O{Zj/j]bljifo]
;KtdM ;d'Nnf;M ;Dk"0f{M ..&..

 -*_ cf7f}+ ;d'Nnf;
;[li6, pTklQ, l:ylt / k|nosf] ljifodf JofVof
;[li6 / pTklQsf] ljifo -*=!_
#/y< ivs&?i:q/yRt? Aab/-Uv/ yid? va d/xe yid? va/ n ,

yae A/SyaXy?]> pr/me Vyae?m/NTsae A/¼ ve?d/ yid? va/ n ved? .1.
—CUj]b -d08n !)÷;"Qm !@(÷dGq &_ ..
tm? AasI/Äm?sa gU/¦!hm¢e?=àke/t< s?il/l< sVRa?ma #/dm! ,

tuCD!yena/_vip?iht</ ydasI/Äp?s/StNm?ih/na ja?y/tEk?m! .2.

—CUj]b -d08n !)÷;"Qm !@(÷dGq #_ ..
ihr/{y/g/-R> sm?vÄR/ta¢e? -U/tSy? ja/t> pit/rek? AasIt! ,

s da?xar p&iw/vI< *amu/tema< kSmE? de/vay? h/iv;a? ivxem .3.

—CUj]b -d08n !)÷;"Qm !@!÷dGq !_ ..
pué?;=@/ved‡ svR</ yd!-U/t< yCc? -a/Vy/m! ,

%/tam&?t/TvSyeza?nae/ ydÚe?nait/raeh?it .4. —oh'j]{b -cWofo #!÷dGq @_ ..

otf] jf Odflg e"tflg hfoGt] o]g hftflg hLjlGt .
oTk|oGTole;+ljzlGt tlålh1f;:j tb\ a|Xd]lt ..%..
—t}lQ/Lof]klgifb\ -e[u'jNnL÷cWofo #÷cg'jfs !_ ..
x] -cË_ dg'io Û h;af6 of] ljljw ;[li6 k|sflzt ePsf] 5, h;sf] wf/0f / k|nostf{ xf] . hf]
o; hut\sf] :jfdL, h;\ Jofksdf of] ;a} hut\ pTklQ, l:ylt, k|nonfO{ k|fKt x'G5, ;f] k/dfTdf xf],
To;nfO{ t}+n] hfÌ" / bf];|fnfO{ ;[listf{ gdfÌ" ..!.. of] ;a} hut\ ;[li6sf] klxnf cGwsf/n] cfj[t,
/flq¿kdf hfÌsf] cof]Uo, cfsfz¿k ;a} hut\, tyf …t'R5Ú cyf{t\ cgGt k/d]Zj/sf] ;fd'Ì]
Psb]zL cfR5flbt lyof], kZrft\ k/d]Zj/n] cfˆgf] dlxdf cyf{t\ ;fdYo{af6 sf/0f¿kb]lv sfo{¿k
ul/lbof] ..@.. x] dg'iox¿ xf] Û h'g ;a} ;"of{lb t]h:jL kbfy{x¿sf] cfwf/ / h'g of] hut\ ePsf]
lyof], 5 / x'g]5 o;sf] Ps clåtLo klt k/dfTdf o; hut\sf] pTklQsf] k"j{ ljBdfg lyof], / h;n]
k[YjLb]lv lnP/ ;"o{ko{Gt hut\nfO{ pTkÌ u/]sf] 5, p; k/dfTdf b]jsf] k|]dn] elQm ug]{ ug"{ ..#.. x]
dg'iox¿ xf] Û hf] ;a}df k"0f{ k'?if / hf] gfz/lxt sf/0f / hLjsf] :jfdL, hf] k[lyJoflb h8 /
hLjb]lv cltl/Qm 5, jxL k'?if o; ;a} e"t, eljiot\ / jQ{dfg:y hut\nfO{ agfpg]jfnf xf] ..$..
h'g k/dfTdfsf] /rgfb]lv oL ;a} k[lyJoflb e"t pTkÌ x'G5g\, h;af6 hLpF5g\ / h;df k|nonfO{
k|fKt ub{5g\, Tof] …a|XdÚ xf], p;nfO{ hfÌsf] nflu OR5f u/ ..%..
hGdfB:o otM .. —zf/L/s ;"q -cWofo !÷kfb !÷;"q @_ ..
h;af6 o; hut\sf] hGd, l:ylt / k|no x'G5, jxL …a|XdÚ hfÌsf] of]Uo 5 .
O{Zj/sf] leÌtf, k|s[lt / pkfbfg–sf/0fsf] JofVof -*=@_
k|Zg— of] hut\ k/d]Zj/af6 pTkÌ ePsf] xf] ls cGob]lv <
pQ/— lgldQ sf/0f k/dfTdfb]lv pTkÌ ePsf] xf], k/Gt' o;sf] pkfbfg sf/0f k|s[lt xf] .
k|Zg— s] k|s[ltnfO{ k/d]Zj/n] pTkÌ u/]sf] xf]Og <
pQ/— xf]Og . of] cgflb xf] .
k|Zg— cgflb s;nfO{ eGb5g\ / slt kbfy{ cgflb 5g\ <
pQ/— O{Zj/, hLj / hut\sf] sf/0f, oL tLg …cgflbÚ x'g\ .
k|Zg— o;df s] k|df0f 5 <
pQ/— Öa su?p/[aR s/yuja/ soa?ya sma/n< v&/]< pir? ;Svjate ,
tyae?r/Ny> ipPp?l< Sva/ÖÅyn?îÚ/Nyae A/i- ca?kzIit .1.
 —CUj]b -d08n !÷;"Qm !^$÷dGq @)_ ..
zañ/tI_y/> sma?_y> .2. —oh'j]{b -cWofo $)÷dGq *_ ..
-åf_ hf] a|Xd / hLj b'O6} -;'k0ff{_ r]tgtf / kfngflb u'0fx¿n] s]xL ;b[z -;o'hf_ JofKo–
Jofks efjn] ;+o'Qm -;vfof_ cfk;df k/:k/ ldqtfo'Qm, ;gftg cgflb 5g\Ù / -;dfgd\_ To;/L g}
-j[Ifd\_ cgflb d"n¿k sf/0f / zfvf¿k sfo{o'Qm j[If cyf{t\ h'g :y"n eP/ k|nodf l5Ì–leÌ x'g
hfG5, Tof] t];|f] cgflb kbfy{Ù oL tLg}sf] u'0f, sd{, :jefj klg cgflb 5g\ . oL -tof]/GoM_ hLj /
a|Xd dWo]df Ps h'g hLj xf] Tof] o; j[If¿k ;+;f/df kfkk'0o¿k kmnx¿nfO{ -:jfålQ_ /fd|f]
k|sf/n] ef]Ub5 / bf];|f] k/dfTdf sd{x¿sf] kmnnfO{ -cgZgg\_ gef]Ub} rf/}lt/ cyf{t\ leq–aflx/ ;j{q
k|sfzdfg e}/x]sf] 5 . hLjb]lv O{Zj/, O{Zj/b]lv hLj / oL b'O6}b]lv k|s[lt leÌ–:j¿k tLg} …cgflbÚ
x'g\ ..!.. -zfZjtLEo _ cyf{t\ cgflb ;gftg hLj¿k k|hfsf] nflu j]båf/f k/dfTdfn] ;a} ljBfx¿sf]
)

af]w u/]sf] 5 ..@..

chfd]sf+ nf]lxtz'Sns[i0ff+, aÃLM k|hfM ;[hdfgf+ :j¿kfM .
chf] Xo]sf] h'ifdf0ff]˜g'z]t], hxfTo]gf+ e'Qmef]ufdhf]˜GoM ..
—Zj]tfZjt/f]klgifb\ -cWofo $÷dGq %_ ..
k|s[lt, hLj / k/dfTdf tLg} …chÚ cyf{t\ h;sf] hGd slxNo} x'Fb}g, logn] slxNo} hGd
ln+b}gg\, cyf{t\ oL tLg ;a} hut\sf sf/0f x'g\, logsf] sf/0f sf]xL 5}g . o; cgflb k|s[ltsf] ef]u
cgflb hLjn] ub}{ km:b5 / To;df k/dfTdf km:b}g / To;sf] ef]u klg ub}{g . O{Zj/ / hLjsf] nIf0f
O{Zj/—ljifodf atfP/ cfPsf] 5' . ca k|s[ltsf] nIf0f of] xf] ls—
;¤j/h:td;f+ ;fDofj:yf k|s[ltM k|s[t]d{xfg\ dxtf]˜xÍf/f]˜xÍf/ft\ k~rtGdfqf0o'eoldlGb|o+
k~rtGdfq]EoM :y"ne"tflg k'?if Olt k~rlj+zltu{0fM .. —of] ;f+Vo ;"q -!÷^!_ sf] jrg xf] ..
-;¤j_ z'4, -/hM_ dWo, -tdM_ hf8Ø cyf{t\ h8tf tLg j:t' ldn]/ h'g Ps ;+3ft x'G5,
To;sf] gfd …k|s[ltÚ xf] . To;af6 …dxQTjÚ a'l4, To;af6 …cxÍf/Ú, cxÍf/af6 kfFr …tGdfqfÚ ;"Id–
e"t / bz OlGb|ox¿ tyf P3f/f}+ dg, kfFr tGdfqfx¿b]lv k[lyJoflb kfFr e"t, oL rf}aL; / kRrL;f}+
…k'?ifÚ cyf{t\ hLj / k/d]Zj/ xf] . logLx¿df k|s[lt cljsfl/0fLÙ / dxQTj, cxÍf/ tyf kfFr ;"Id–
e"t k|s[ltsf] sfo{ / OlGb|ox¿ dg tyf :y"n–e"tx¿sf] sf/0f xf] . k]ml/ k'?if g s;}sf] k|s[lt,
pkfbfg sf/0f / g s;}sf] sfo{ xf] .
k|Zg— ;b]j ;f]Do]bdu| cf;Lt\ ..!.. —5fGbf]Uof]klgifb\ -k|=^÷v+=@_ ..
c;åf Obdu| cf;Lt\ ..@.. —t}lQ/Lof]klgifb\ -a|Xd jNnL÷cg'jfs &_ ..
cfTdf jf Obdu| cf;Lt\ ..#.. —t'ngf–a[xbf/0osf]klgifb\ -c=!÷a|f=$÷s+=!_ ..
a|Xd jf Obdu| cf;Lt\ ..$.. —oL pklgifb\sf jrgx¿ x'g\ -ztky !!÷!÷!!÷!_ ..
x] Zj]ts]tf]Ù of] hut\ ;[li6sf] k"j{—
;t\ ..!.. c;t\ ..@.. cfTdf ..#.. / a|Xd¿k lyof] ..$.. kZrft\—
tb}Ift ax' :of+ k|hfo]o]lt ..!.. —5fGbf]Uof]klgifb\ -k|=^÷v+=@÷d+=#_ ..
;f]˜sfdot ax' :of+ k|hfo]o]lt ..@.. —of] t}lQ/Lof]klgifb\ -a|=jNnL÷cg'=^_ sf] jrg xf] ..
jxL k/dfTdf cfˆgf] OR5fn] ax'¿k x'g uof] ..!–@..
;j{+ vlNjb+ a|Xd g]x gfgfl:t ls+rg . —of] pklgifb\sf] jrg xf] ..
h'g of] hut\ xf], Tof] ;a} lgZro u/]/ a|Xd xf] . p;df bf];|f] gfgf k|sf/sf] kbfy{ s]xL klg
5}g lsGt' ;a} a|Xd¿k xf] .
pQ/— lsg oL jrgx¿sf] cgy{ ub{5f} < lsgls pg} pklgifb\x¿df—
;f]DofÌ]g z'Ë]gfkf] d"ndlGjR5flb\e:;f]Do z'Ë]g t]hf]d"ndlGjR5 t]h;f ;f]Do z'Ë]g
;Gd"ndlGjR5 ;Gd"nfM ;f]Do]dfM ;jf{M k|hfM ;bfotgfM ;Tk|lti7fM ..
—5fGbf]Uof]klgifb\ -cWofo ^÷v08 *÷dGq $_ ..
x] Zj]ts]tf] Û cÌ¿k k[YjL sfo{af6 hn¿k d"n sf/0fnfO{ t}+n] hfg\ . sfo{¿k hnaf6
t]hf]¿k d"n / t]hf]¿k sfo{af6 ;b|"k sf/0f h'g lgTo k|s[lt xf] p;nfO{ hfg\ . oxL ;To:j¿k
k|s[lt ;a} hut\sf] d"n 3/ / l:yltsf] :yfg xf] . of] ;a} hut\ ;[li6sf] k"j{ c;t\sf] ;b[z /
hLjfTdf, a|Xd / k|s[ltdf nLg eP/ jt{dfg lyof], cefj lyPg .
 / h'g -;j{+ vn'=_ of] jrg …sxL+ sL O+{6 sxL+ sf /f]8f, efgdtL g] s'8\jf+ hf]8fÚ o:tf]
nLnfsf] xf] . lsgeg]—
;j{+ vlNjb+ a|Xd tHhnflglt zfGt pkf;Lt .. —5fGbf]Uof]klgifb\ -k|=#÷v=!$÷d+=!_ ..
/—
g]x gfgfl:t ls+rg .. —s7f]klgifb -cWofo @÷jNnL !÷dGq !!_ ..
h;/L z/L/sf] cË ha;Dd z/L/sf] ;fy /xG5g\, ta;Dd sfdsf / cnu x'gfn] lgsDdf x'g
hfG5g\, To;/L g} k|s/0f:y jfSo ;fy{s / k|s/0fb]lv cnu ugf{n] jf cGo s'g}sf] ;fydf hf]8\gfn]
cgy{s x'g hfG5 . ;'g Û o;sf] cy{ of] xf]—
x] hLj Û tF p; a|Xdsf] pkf;gf u/, h'g a|Xdb]lv hut\sf] pTklQ, l:ylt / hLjg x'G5Ù
h;n] agfpg] / wf/0f ugf{n] of] hut\ ljBdfg ePsf] 5, jf a|Xdb]lv ;xrl/t 5, p;nfO{ 5f]8]/
bf];|fsf] pkf;gf ug{x'Fb}g . o; r]tgdfq cv08}s/; a|Xd:j¿kdf gfgf j:t'x¿sf] d]n 5}g , lsGt'
oL ;a} k[ys\–k[ys :j¿kdf k/d]Zj/sf] cfwf/df l:yt 5g\ .
k|Zg— hut\sf] sf/0f slt j6f x'G5g\ <
pQ/— tLg j6f 5g\ . Ps lgldQ, bf];|f] pkfbfg, t];|f] ;fwf/0f . …lgldQ sf/0fÚ To;nfO{
eGb5g\ ls h;nfO{ agfpgfn] s]xL agf];\, gagfpgfn] gagf];\, cfk}m :jo+ aGb}g, bf];|fsf] k|sf/fGt/
agfcf];\ . bf];|f] …pkfbg sf/0fÚ To;nfO{ eGb5g\ h;sf] lagf s]xL aGb}g, jxL cj:yfGt/ ¿k eP/
agf];\ / lau|f];\ klg . t];|f] …;fwf/0f sf/0fÚ To;nfO{ eGb5g\ ls h'g agfpgdf ;fwg / ;fwf/0f
lgldQ xf];\ .
lgldQ sf/0f b'O6f 5g\— Ps–;a} ;[li6nfO{ sf/0fn] agfpg], wf/0f ug]{ / k|no ug]{ tyf
;a}sf] Joj:yf /fVg]jfnf …d'Vo lgldQ sf/0fÚ k/dfTdf . bf];|f]–k/d]Zj/sf] ;[li6b]lv ;a} kbfy{x¿nfO{
lnP/ cg]sljw sfof{Gt/ agfpg]jfnf …;fwf/0f lgldQ sf/0fÚ hLj .
pkfbfgsf/0f—…k|s[ltÚ …k/df0f'Ú h;nfO{ ;a} ;+;f/ agfpg] ;fdfu|L eGb5g\ . Tof] h8 x'gfn]
cfk}m aÌ / lau|g ;Sb}g lsGt' bf];|fn] agfpFbf aG5 / laufgf{n] lau|G5 . sxL+–sxL+ h8sf] lgldQn]
h8 klg aÌ] / lau|g] x'G5, h;/L k/d]Zj/n] /lrt aLp k[YjLdf v:g] / hn kfpgfn] j[Iffsf/ x'g
hfG5g\ / clUg cflb h8sf] ;+of]un] lau|g klg hfG5g\ . k/Gt' logsf] lgodk"j{s aÌ' / lau|g'df
k/d]Zj/ / hLjsf] cfwLg 5g\ .
ha s'g} j:t' agfOG5, ta h'g–h'g ;fwgx¿af6 cyf{t\ 1fg, bz{g, an, xft / gfgf
k|sf/sf] cf}hf/ / lbzf, sfn / cfsfz …;fwf/0f sf/0fÚ . h;/L 3}+6f] agfpg]jfnf s'dfn] lgldQ,
df6f] pkfbfgÙ / b08, rqm cflb ;fdfGo lgldQÙ lbzf, sfn, cfsfz, k|sfz, cfFvf, xft, 1fg, lqmof
cflb lgldQ ;fwf/0f / lgldQ sf/0f klg x'G5g\ . oL tLg sf/0fx¿sf] lagf s'g} klg j:t' aÌ
;Sb}g / lau|g klg ;Sb}g .
k|Zg— gjLg j]bfGtL s]jn k/d]Zj/nfO{ g} hut\sf] …cleÌlgldQf]kfbfgsf/0fÚ dfGb5g\—
oyf]0f{gfleM ;[ht] u[ t] r . —d'08sf]klgifb\ -d'08s !÷v08 !÷dGq &_ ..
h;/L dfs'/f]n] aflx/af6 s'g} kbfy{ ln+b}g, cfk}maf6 tGt' lgsfn]/ hfnf] agfpFb} cfk}m To;df
v]Nb5, To;/L g} a|Xd cfk"mdf hut\nfO{ agfP/, cfk}m hubfsf/ aGb}, cfk}m qmL8f ul//x]sf] 5 . ;f]
a|Xd OR5f / sfdgf ub}{ ls d …ax'¿kÚ cyf{t\ hubfsf/ xf]pFm . ;ÍNkdfqn] ;a} hub|"k aGof] .
lsgeg]—
cfbfjGt] r oÌfl:t jQ{dfg]˜lk tQyf . —of] df08"Sof]klgifbdfly uf}8kfbLo sfl/sf xf] ..
—j}tYofVo k|s/0f @÷^, cnftzfGtfVo k|s/0f $÷#! ..
h'g k|yd x'Fb}g, cGtdf /xFb}g, Tof] jt{dfgdf klg 5}g . lsGt' ;[li6sf] cflbdf hut\ lyPg,
a|Xd lyof] . k|nosf] cGtdf ;+;f/ /xg] 5}g . a|Xd /x]df t jt{dfgdf ;a} hut\ a|Xd lsg xf]Og <
pQ/— olb ltd|f] egfO cg';f/ hut\sf] pkfbfg sf/0f a|Xd x'G5 eg] t Tof] kl/0ffdL,
cj:yfGt/o'Qm ljsf/L x'g hfG5, / pkfbfg sf/0fsf] u'0f–sd{–:jefj sfo{df klg cfpF5g\—
sf/0fu'0fk"j{sM sføo{u'0ff] b[i6M .. —j}z]lifs ;"q -c=@÷cf=!÷;"=@$_ ..
pkfbfg sf/0fsf] ;b[z sfo{df klg u'0f x'G5g\ eg] t a|Xd ;lRrbfgGb:j¿kÙ hut\
sfo{¿kaf6 c;t\, h8 / cfgGb/lxtÙ a|Xd ch / hut\ pTkÌ ePsf] 5, a|Xd cb[Zo / hut\ b[Zo
5, a|Xd cv08 / hut\ v08¿k 5, olb a|Xdb]lv k[lyJoflb sfo{ pTkÌ x'G5 eg] t k[lyJoflb
sfo{sf] h8flb u'0f a|Xddf klg x'G5 . cyf{t\ h;/L k[lyJoflb h8 5g\, To;/L g} a|Xd klg h8 x'g
hfg]5 / h;/L k/d]Zj/ r]tg 5, To;/L g} k[lyJoflb sfo{ klg r]tg x'g'kb{5, / h'g dfs'/fsf]
b[i6fGt lbof}, Tof] ltd|f] dtsf] ;fws xf]Og, lsGt' afws xf] . lsgeg] Tof] h8¿k–z/L/ tGt'sf]
pkfbfg / hLjfTdf lgldQsf/0f xf] . k]ml/ of] klg k/dfTdfsf] cb\e't /rgfsf] k|efj xf] lsgeg] cGo
hGt'sf] z/L/af6 hLj tGt' lgSng ;Sb}g . To;/L g} Jofks a|Xdn] cfk"mleq JofKo k|s[lt / k/df0f'
sf/0fn] :y"n hut\nfO{ agfP/ aflx/ :y"n¿k u/]/, cfk"m p;}df Jofks /x]/ ;fIfLe"t cfgGbdo
e}/x]sf] 5 .
/ h'g k/dfTdfn] …O{If0fÚ cyf{t\ bz{g, ljrf/ / sfdgf u¥of] ls d}n] ;a} hut\nfO{ agfP/
k|l;4 xf]pFm, cyf{t\ ha hut\ pTkÌ x'G5 ta g} hLjx¿sf] ljrf/, 1fg, Wofg, pkb]z >j0fdf
k/d]Zj/ k|l;4 / w]/} :y"n kbfy{x¿;Fu ;x jt{dfg x'G5 . ha k|no x'G5 ta lagf k/d]Zj/ /
d'QmhLjx¿sf] afx]s p;nfO{ s;}n] hfGb}gg\, / h'g Tof] sfl/sf xf] Tof] e|dd"ns 5 . lsgeg]
;[li6sf] cflb cyf{t\ k|nodf hut\ k|l;4 lyPg / ;[li6sf] cGt cyf{t\ k|nosf] cf/Deb]lv ha;Dd
bf];|f] k6s ;[li6 x'Fb}g ta;Dd klg hut\sf] sf/0f ;"Id eP/ ck|l;4 /xG5 . lsgeg]—
tm? AasI/Äm?sa gU/¦!hm¢e? .1. —CUj]b -d08n !)÷;"Qm !@(÷dGq #_ sf] jrg xf] ..
cf;Llbb+ tdf]e"tdk|1ftdnIf0fd\ . ck|tSo{dlj1]o+ k|;'Ktldj ;j{tM ..@..
—dg':d[lt -cWofo !÷Znf]s %_ ..
of] ;a} hut\ ;[li6sf] klxnf k|nodf cGwsf/n] cfj[t cyf{t\ cfR5flbt lyof] / k|nof/Desf]
kZrft\ klg To:t} x'g]5 . p; ;do g s;}n] hfÌ], g ts{df Nofpg], g t k|l;4 lrÂx¿n] o'Qm
OlGb|ox¿n] hfÌof]Uo lyof], / g t x'g]5, lsGt' jt{dfgdf hflgG5, k|l;4 lrÂx¿n] o'Qm hfÌsf]
of]Uo x'G5 / oyfjt\ pknAw 5 ..!–@.. k'gM p; sfl/sfsf/n] jt{dfgdf klg hut\sf] cefj n]v] ;f]
;j{yf ck|df0f xf], lsgeg] h;nfO{ k|dftf k|df0fx¿n] hfGb5 / k|fKt x'G5, Tof] cGoyf slxNo} x'g
;Sb}g .
k|Zg— hut\nfO{ agfpgdf k/d]Zj/sf] s] k|of]hg 5 <
pQ/— gagfpgdf s] k|of]hg 5 <
k|Zg— olb gagfPsf] eP t cfgGbdf al;/fVg] lyof] / hLjx¿nfO{ klg ;'v –b'Mv k|fKt x'g]
lyPg .
pQ/— of] cN5L / bl/b|x¿sf s'/f x'g\, k'?iffyL{sf] xf]Og . k]ml/ hLjx¿nfO{ k|nodf s] ;'v
jf b'Mv x'G5 < h'g ;[li6sf] ;'v–b'Mvsf] t'ngf ug]{ xf] eg] t ;'v sof}+ u'0ff clws x'G5 / y'k|}
kljqfTdf hLj d'lQmsf] ;fwg u/]/ df]Ifsf] cfgGbnfO{ klg k|fKt ub{5g\ . k|nodf lgsDdfx¿ h;/L
;'if'lKtdf kl//fVb5g\, To;/L /xG5g\ / k|nosf] k"j{ ;[li6df hLjx¿n] u/]sf kfk–k'0o sd{x¿sf] kmn
O{Zj/n] s;/L lbg ;Sb5 / hLjn] s]–s;/L ef]Ug ;Sb5g\ < olb s;}n] ltdL;Fu ;f]Wof] ls cfFvfsf]
x'gdf s] k|of]hg 5 < ltdLn] oxL eÌ]5f} ls x]g{sf] nflu . ta t O{Zj/df hut\sf] /rgf ug{ lj1fg,
an / lqmof 5, To;sf] s] k|of]hg < lagf hut\sf] pTklQ ug{sf] bf];|f] s]xL klg eÌ ;Sg] 5}gf} .
;fy} k/dfTdfsf] Gofo, wf/0f, bof cflb u'0f klg ta} ;fy{s x'g ;Sb5g\ ls ha hut\nfO{
agfcf];\ . p;sf] cgGt ;fdYo{ hut\sf] pTklQ, l:ylt, k|no / Joj:yf ugf{n] g} ;kmn x'G5 .
h:tf] g]qsf] :jfefljs u'0f x]g'{ xf], To:t} k/d]Zj/sf] :jfefljs u'0f hut\sf] pTklQ u/]/ ;a}
hLjx¿nfO{ c;+Vo kbfy{ lbP/ k/f]ksf/ ug'{ xf] .
k|Zg— aLp klxnf xf] ls j[If <
pQ/— aLp . lsgeg] aLp, x]t', lgbfg, lgldQ / sf/0f OToflb zAb Psfy{jfrs xf] .
sf/0fsf] gfd aLp x'gfn] sfo{sf] k|yd g} x'G5 .
k|Zg— ha k/d]Zj/ ;j{zlQmdfg\ 5 eg] t p;n] sf/0f / hLjnfO{ klg pTkÌ ug{;Sb5 .
olb ug{ ;Sb}g eg] t ;j{zlQmdfg\ klg x'g ;Sb}g <
pQ/— ;j{zlQmdfg\ zAbfy{ k"j{df n]v]/ cfPsf] 5' . k/Gt' s] ;j{zlQmdfg\ To;nfO{ elgG5
ls hf] c;Dej s'/fnfO{ klg ug{ ;sf];\ < h'g c;Dej s'/f] cyf{t\ h:tf] sf/0fsf] lagf sfo{ ug{
;Sb5 eg] t lagf sf/0f bf];|f] O{Zj/sf] pTklQ u/]/ / :jo+ d[To'nfO{ k|fKt, h8, b'MvL, cGofosf/L,
ckljq / s'sdL{ cflb x'g ;Sb5 ls ;Sb}g < h'g :jfefljs lgod, cyf{t\ h:tf] clUg pi0f, hn
zLtn / k[lyJoflb ;a} h8x¿nfO{ ljk/Lt u'0fjfnf agfpg O{Zj/n] klg ;Sb}g . h;/L cfk"m h8
x'g ;Sb}g, To;/L g} h8nfO{ r]tg ug{ klg ;Sb}g, / O{Zj/sf] lgod ;To / k"/f 5g\, To;}n]
kl/jt{g ug{ ;Sb}g . To;}n] …;j{zlQmdfg\Ú sf] cy{ oltdfq} xf] ls k/dfTdfn] lagf s;}sf] ;xfosf]
cfˆgf] ;a} sfo{ k"0f{ ug{ ;Sb5 .
k|Zg— O{Zj/ ;fsf/ xf] ls lg/fsf/ < olb lg/fsf/ xf] eg] t lagf xft cflb ;fwgx¿sf]
hut\nfO{ agfpg ;Sb}g / olb ;fsf/ xf] eg] t s'g} bf]if cfpFb}g .
pQ/— O{Zj/ lg/fsf/ 5 . hf] ;fsf/ cyf{t\ z/L/o'Qm x'G5, Tof] O{Zj/ xf]Og . lsgeg] pm
kl/lR5Ì, kl/ldt zlQmo'Qm, b]z sfn j:t'x¿df kl/lR5Ì, If'wf, t[iff, 5]bg, e]bg, zLtf]i0f, Hj/,
kL8flb ;lxt x'G5 . p;df l;jfo hLjsf], O{Zj/sf u'0f slxNo} 36\g ;Sb}gg\ . h;/L ltdL / xfdL
…;fsf/Ú cyf{t\ z/L/wf/L 5f}+, o;af6 q;/]0f', c0f', k/df0f' / k|s[ltnfO{ cfˆgf] jzdf Nofpg ;Sb}gf}+
g t tL ;"Id kbfy{nfO{ ;dft]/ :y"n agfpg ;Sb5f+}, To;/L g} :y"n b]xwf/L k/d]Zj/n] klg tL
;"Id kbfy{b]lv :y"n hut\ agfpg ;Sb}g . hf] k/d]Zj/ ef}lts–OlGb|ouf]ns x:t–kfbflb
cjojx¿b]lv /lxt 5, k/Gt' p;sf cgGt zlQm an k/fqmd 5g\, ltg}af6 ;a} sfd ub{5, h'g
rflx+ hLj / k|s[ltb]lv slxNo} x'g ;Sb}g . ha pm k|s[lt eGbf klg ;"Id ltgdf Jofks 5, ta g}
ltgLx¿nfO{ ;dft]/ hubfsf/ ul/lbG5, ;fy} ;j{ut x'gfn] ;a}sf] wf/0f / k|no klg ug{ ;Sb5 .
k|Zg— h;/L dg'ioflbsf cfdf–a'af ;fsf/ x'G5g\, pgsf ;Gtfg klg ;fsf/ x'G5g\, olb tL
lg/fsf/ x'Gy] eg] t ltgsf ;Gtfg klg lg/fsf/ x'g] lyP, To;/L g} k/d]Zj/ lg/fsf/ xf] eg] t
p;n] agfPsf] hut\ klg lg/fsf/ xg'kg]{ lyof] <
pQ/— of] ltd|f] k|Zg cljBfsf]Ös]6fsf] ;dfg 5 . lsg ls ev{/}dfq d}n] eg]+ ls k/d]Zj/
hut\sf] pkfbfg sf/0f xf]Og, lsGt' lgldQ sf/0f xf]Ù / h'g :y"n x'G5 Tof] k|s[lt / k/df0f' hut\sf]
pkfbfg sf/0f xf] . k]ml/ tL ;j{yf lg/fsf/ xf]Ogg\ lsGt' k/d]Zj/ eGbf :y"n / cGo sfo{n] ;"Id
cfsf/ /fVb5 .
k|Zg— s] sf/0fsf] lagf k/d]Zj/ sfo{nfO{ ug{ ;Sb}g <
pQ/— ;Sb}g . lsgeg] h;sf] …cefjÚ cyf{t\ hf] jt{dfg 5}g, p;sf] …efjÚ jt{dfg x'g'
;j{yf c;Dej 5 . h:t} s'g} ukmf8Ln] ukm xfFlslbof] ls æd}n] aGWofsf] k'q / aGWofsL k'qLsf]
ljjfx b]v]+, To;n] g/˘f[Ësf] wg'if / tL b'j}n] vk'iksf] dfnf klx/]sf lyP, d[ut[li0fsfsf] hndf :gfg
ub}{ / uGwj{gu/df /xGy], jxf“ afbnsf] lagf jiff{, k[YjLsf] lagf ;a} cÌx¿sf] pTklQ cflb x'GYof] .Æ
To;/L g} sf/0fsf] lagf sfo{sf] x'g' c;Dej 5 . h:t} s;}n] egf];\ ls ædd dftflkt/f} g
:tf]˜xd]jd]j hftM . dd d'v] lhÃf gfl:t jbfld rÆ cyf{t\ æd]/f dftf–lktf lyPgg\ olQs} d pTkÌ
ePsf] x"F . d]/f] d'vdf lha|f] 5}g, k/Gt' af]Nb5' .Æ æb]jndf ;k{ lyPg, lglSnP/ cfof] .Æ æd sxL+ klg
lyOg, oL ;a} st} lyPgg\ / xfdL ;a} hgf cfPsf xf}+ .Æ o:tf] c;Dej s'/f] k|dQuLt cyf{t\
ax'nfx¿sf] xf] .
k|Zg— h'g sf/0fsf] lagf sfo{ x'Fb}g eg] t sf/0fsf] sf/0f sf] xf] <
pQ/— h'g s]jn sf/0f¿k dfq} xf], tL sfo{ s;}sf] x'Fb}gg\ / hf] s;}sf] sf/0f / s;}sf] sfo{
x'G5, To;nfO{ bf];|} elgG5 . h;/L k[YjL 36 / 3/ cflbsf] sf/0f / hn cflbsf] sfo{ x'G5 . k/Gt'
hf] cflbsf/0f k|s[lt xf], Tof] cgflb xf] .
d"n] d"nfefjfbd"n+ d"nd\ . —;f+Vozf:q ;"q -!÷^&_ ..
d"nsf] d"n cyf{t\ sf/0fsf] sf/0f x'Fb}g . o;af6 csf/0f ;a} sfo{x¿sf] sf/0f x'G5 .
lsgeg] s'g} sfo{sf] cf/De ;dosf] k"j{ tLg} sf/0f cjZo x'G5g\ . h:t} n'uf agfpg eGbf k"j{
tGt'jfo, skf;sf] wfuf] / glnsf cflb k"j{ jt{dfg x'gfn] aNn j:q aGb5, To;/L g} hut\sf]
pTklQsf] k"j{ k/d]Zj/, k|s[lt, sfn / cfsfz tyf hLjx¿sf] cgflb x'gfn] o; hut\sf] pTklQ
x'G5 . olb logdf Pp6fsf] klg pkl:ylt ePg eg] t hut\ klg x'Fb}g .
;[li6 ljifodf gfl:ts dtsf] lg/fs/0f -*=#_
cq gfl:tsf cfx'M—
z"Go+ t¤j+ efjf] ljgZolt j:t'wd{Tjflågfz:o ..!.. —;f+Vozf:q ;"q -cWofo !÷;"q$$_ ..
cefjfb\ efjf]TklQgf{g'kd[B k|fb'ef{jft\ ..@.. O{Zj/M sf/0f+ k'?ifsdf{kmNobz{gft\ ..#..
clgldQtf] efjf]TklQM s06st}I0oflbbz{gft\ ..$.. ;j{dlgTod'TklQljgfzwd{sTjft\ ..%..
;j{+ lgTo+ k~re"tlgToTjft\ ..^.. ;j{+ k[yu\ efjnIf0fk[ySTjft\ ..&..
 ;j{defjf] efj]lijt/]t/fefjl;4]M ..*.. g :jefjl;l4/fk]lIfsTjft\ ..(..
—Gofozf:q ;"q -cWofo $÷cflÂs !÷;"q -!$, !(, @@, @%, @(, #$, #&, #(_ ..
oxfF gfl:tsx¿ o:tf] eGb5g\ ls— …z"GoÚ g} Ps kbfy{ xf] . ;[li6sf] k"j{ z"Go lyof], cGtdf
z"Go x'g]5, lsgeg] hf] …efjÚ 5 cyf{t\ jt{dfg kbfy{ 5, To;sf] cefj eP/ z"Go x'g hfg]5 .
pQ/— z"Go cfsfz, cb[Zo, cjsfz / laGb'nfO{ klg eGb5g\ . z"Go h8 kbfy{ xf] . o;
z"Godf ;a} kbfy{ cb[Zo /xG5g\ . h;/L Ps laGb'af6 /]vf, /]vfx¿af6 jt'{nfsf/ ugf{n] e"ld–
kj{tflb O{Zj/sf] /rgfaf6 aGb5g\, / z"GonfO{ hfÌ]jfnf z"Go x'Fb}g ..!..
bf];|f] gfl:ts— cefjaf6 efjsf] pTklQ x'G5 . h;/L aLhnfO{ db{g u/] lagf cª\s'/ pTkÌ
x'Fb}g / aLhnfO{ k'm6fn]/ x]/]df t cª\s'/sf] cefj b]lvG5 . ha k|yd cª\s'/ b]lv+b}g eg] t
cefjaf6 pTklQ eof] .
pQ/— h;n] aLhsf] pkdb{g ub{5, Tof] k|yd g} aLhdf lyof] . olb x'Gy]g eg] t pTkÌ
slxNo} x'g] lyPg ..@..
t];|f] gfl:ts eGb5— ls sd{x¿sf] kmn k'?ifn] sd{ ugf{n] dfq} k|fKt x'Fb}g . slt sd{x¿ t
lgikmn b]lvgdf cfPsf 5g\ . To;}n] cg'dfg nufpg ;lsG5 ls sd{x¿sf] kmn k|fKt x'gdf
O{Zj/sf] cfwLg 5 . h'g sd{sf] kmn O{Zj/n] lbg rfx]df lbG5 . h'g sd{sf] kmn lbg rfxFb}g eg]
lb+b}g . o; s'/faf6 sd{kmn O{Zj/fwLg 5 .
pQ/— olb sd{sf] kmn O{Zj/fwLg xf] eg] t lagf sd{ gu/L O{Zj/n] kmn lsg lb+b}g <
To;}n] h:tf] sd{ dg'ion] ub{5, To:t} g} kmn O{Zj/n] lbG5 . o;af6 O{Zj/n] :jtGq k'?ifnfO{
sd{sf] kmn lbg ;Sb}g . lsGt' h:tf] sd{ hLjn] ub{5, To:t} g} kmn O{Zj/n] lbG5 ..#..
rf}yf] gfl:ts eGb5— lagf lgldQsf] kbfy{x¿sf] pTklQ x'G5 . h:t} aa"n -8Dd¿_ cflb
j[Ifx¿sf sfF8f tLI0f cl0fjfn] b]lvgdf cfpF5 . o;af6 ljlbt x'G5 ls ha–ha ;[li6sf] cf/De
x'G5, ta–ta z/L/flb kbfy{ lagf lgldQsf] x'G5g\ .
pQ/— h;af6 kbfy{ pTkÌ x'G5, ToxL p;sf] lgldQ xf] . lagf aLh, s06sL j[Ifsf] sfF8f
pTkÌ lsg x'Fb}gg\ < ..$..
kfFrf} gfl:ts eGb5— ;a} kbfy{ pTklQ / ljgfzjfnf 5g\, To;}n] ;a} clgTo x'g\ .
Znf]sfw]{g k|jIofld ob'Q+m u|Gysf]l6leM . a|Xd ;To+ hulGdYof hLjf] a|Xd}j gfk/M ..
—of] s'g} u|Gysf] Znf]s xf] ..
gjLg j]bfGtLx¿ kfFrf}+ gfl:tssf] sf]l6df 5g\, lsgeg] pgLx¿ o:tf] eGb5g\ ls s/f]8f}+
u|Gyx¿sf] of] l;4fGt xf]— æa|Xd ;To, hut\ ldYof / hLj a|Xdb]lv leÌ 5}g .Æ
pQ/— hf] ;a}sf] lgTotf lgTo 5 eg] t ;a} clgTo x'g ;Sb}gg\ .
k|Zg— ;a}sf] lgTotf klg clgTo xf], h;/L clUg sfi7x¿nfO{ gi6 u/]/ cfk}m klg gi6 x'g
hfG5 .
pQ/— h'g oyfjt\ pknAw x'G5, To;nfO{ jt{dfgdf clgToTj / k/d;"Id sf/0fsf] clgTo
eÌ' slxNo} x'g ;Sb}g . h'g j]bfGtLx¿ a|Xdaf6 hut\sf] pTklQ dfGb5g\ eg] a|Xdsf] ;To x'gfn]
p;sf] sfo{ c;To slxNo} klg x'g ;Sb}g . h'g :jKg, /:;L–;kf{lbjt\ slNkt eg] tfklg 7Ls aÌ
;Sb}g . lsgeg] sNkgf u'0f xf], u'0faf6 b|Jo slxNo} x'Fb}g, / u'0f b|Job]lv k[ys\ /xg ;Sb}g . ha
sNkgfsf] stf{ lgTo 5 eg] p;sf] sNkgf klg lgTo x'g'kb{5, gq eg] To;nfO{ klg clgTo dfg .
h;/L ;kgf lagf b]v]–;'g] slxNo} cfpFb}g . hf] hfu[t cyf{t\ jt{dfg ;dodf ;To kbfy{ 5g\ ltgsf]
;fIfft\ ;DaGwn] k|ToIfflb 1fg ePkl5 …;+:sf/Ú cyf{t\ ltgsf] jf;gf¿k 1fg cfTdfdf l:yt x'g
hfG5, :jKgdf ltg}nfO{ k|ToIf b]Vb5 . h;/L ;'if'lKt x'gfn] afXo kbfy{x¿sf] 1fgsf] cefjdf klg
afXo kbfy{ ljBdfg /xG5g\ . To;/L g} k|nodf klg sf/0f b|Jo jt{dfg /xG5 . olb ;+:sf/sf] lagf
;kgf x'G5 eg] t hGdfGwnfO{ klg ¿ksf] :jKg x'g]5 . To;}n] jxfF ltgLx¿sf] 1fgdfq} xf] / aflx/
;a} kbfy{ jt{dfg x'G5g\ .
k|Zg— h;/L hfu[tsf] kbfy{ :jKg / b'O6}sf] ;'if'lKtdf clgTo x'g hfG5g\, To;/L g} hfu[tsf
kbfy{x¿nfO{ klg :jKg t'No dfÌ'kb{5 .
pQ/— o:tf] slxNo} klg dfÌ ;lsÌ . lsgeg] :jKg / ;'if'lKtdf afXo kbfy{x¿sf]
c1fgdfq x'G5, cefj xf]Og . h:t} s;}sf] k5fl8lt/ y'k|} kbfy{ cb[i6 /xG5g\, pgsf] cefj x'Fb}g,
To;/L g} :jKg / ;'if'lKtsf] s'/f] xf] . To;}n] h'g k"j{df eg]/ cfPF ls a|Xd, hLj / hut\–sf/0f
cgflb lgTo x'g\, jxL ;To xf] ..%..
5}6f}+ gfl:ts eGb5 ls— kfFr e"tx¿sf] lgTo x'gfn] ;a} hut\ lgTo 5 .
pQ/— of] s'/f] ;To xf]Og . lsgeg] h'g kbfy{x¿sf] pTklQ / ljgfzsf] sf/0f b]lvg cfpF5
Tof] ;a} lgTo eof] eg] t ;a} :y"n hut\ tyf z/L/ 36k6flb kbfy{x¿sf] pTkÌ / ljgi6 x'Fb} u/]sf]
b]lvG5 g}, o;af6 sfo{nfO{ lgTo dfÌ ;ls+b}g ..^..
;ftf}+ gfl:ts eGb5 ls— ;a} k[ys\–k[ys\ x'g\, s'g} Ps kbfy{ 5}g, h'g–h'g kbfy{nfO{ xfdLn]
b]Vb5f}+ ls pgdf bf];|f] Ps kbfy{ s'g} klg b]lv+b}g .
pQ/— cjojx¿df cjojL, jt{dfgsfn, cfsfz, k/dfTdf / hflt k[ys\–k[ys\ kbfy{–
;d"xx¿df Ps–Ps 5g\ . tL b]lv k[ys\ s'g} kbfy{ x'g ;Sb}g . To;}n] ;a} k[ys\ kbfy{ xf]Og, lsGt'
:j¿kn] k[ys\–k[ys\ x'g\ / k[ys\–k[ys\ kbfy{x¿df Ps kbfy{ klg x'G5 ..&..
cf7f}+ gfl:ts eGb5 ls— ;a} kbfy{x¿df Ot/]t/fefjsf] l;l4 x'gfn] ;a} cefj¿k x'g\ .
h;/L …cgZjf] uf}M . cuf}/ZjMÚ ufO{ 3f]8f xf]Og / 3f]8f ufO{ xf]Og, To;}n] ;a}nfO{ cefj¿k
dfÌ'kb{5 .
pQ/— ;a} kbfy{x¿df Ot/]t/fefjsf] of]u xf];\ k/Gt' …ulj uf}/Zj]˜Zjf] efj¿kf] jt{t PjÚ
ufO{df ufO{ / 3f]8fdf 3f]8fsf] efj g} x'G5, cefj slxNo} x'g ;Sb}g . h'g kbfy{sf] efj gxf];\ t
…Ot/]t/fefjÚ klg s;df elgg] 5 < ..*..
gjf}+ gfl:ts eGb5 ls— :jefjaf6 ;a} hut\sf] pTklQ x'G5 . h;/L kfgL, cÌ Psq eP/
;8\gfn] s[ld -ls/f_ pTkÌ x'G5g\ / aLh k[YjL hnsf] ldNgfn] 3fF; j[Ifflb / kfiff0fflb pTkÌ
x'G5g\ . h;/L ;d'b| jfo'sf] of]un] t/ËÙ / t/Ën] ;d'b|lk+mhÙ a];f/, r"gf / sfutLsf] /; ldnfpgfn]
/f]/L -caL/_ aGb5, To;/L g} ;a} hut\ t¤jx¿sf] :jefj u'0fx¿af6 pTkÌ ePsf] 5 . o;nfO{
agfpg]jfnf sf]xL klg 5}g .
pQ/— h'g :jefjb]lv hut\sf] pTklQ x'G5 eg] t ljgfz slxNo} x'Fb}g . olb ljgfz klg
:jefjb]lv dfg]df t pTklQ x'g]5}g . k]ml/ b'O6} :jefj o'ukt\ b|Jox¿df dfGof} eg] t pTklQ /
ljgfzsf] Joj:yf slxNo} x'g;Sg] 5}g . olb lgldQsf] x'gfn] pTklQ / gfz dfGof} eg] t …lgldQÚ
af6 pTklQ / ljgfz x'g]jfnf b|Jox¿b]lv k[ys\ dfÌ'kg]{5 . olb :jefjn] pTklQ / ljgfz x'GYof] eg]
t Ps ;dodf g} pTklQ / ljgfzsf] x'g' ;Dej 5}g .
olb :jefjb]lv pTkÌ x'GYof] eg] t, o; e"uf]nsf] lgs6df bf];|f] e"uf]n, rGb|–;"o{ cflb
pTkÌ lsg x'Fb}gg\ < / h;–h;sf] of]un] h'g–h'g pTkÌ x'G5, Tof]–Tof] O{Zj/n] pTkÌ u/]sf] aLh,
cÌ–hnflbsf] ;+of]un] 3fF;–j[If / s[ld cflb pTkÌ x'G5g\, lagf pgsf] xf]Og, h:t} a];f/, r"gf /
sfutLsf] /; b"/–b"/ b]zaf6 cfP/ cfk}m ldNb}gg\, s;}n] ldnfpgfn] dfq} ldNb5g\, To;df klg
oyfof]Uo -a/fa/ dfqfdf_ ldnfpgfn] /f]/L cyf{t\ caL/ x'G5, clws, Go"g jf cGoyf ugf{n] /f]/L
aGb}gÙ To;/L g} k|s[lt, k/df0f'x¿sf] 1fg / o'lQmaf6 lagf k/d]Zj/n] gldnfOsg h8 kbfy{ :jo+
s'g} klg sfo{l;l4sf] nflu ljz]if kbfy{ aÌ ;Sb}g . To;}n] :jefjflbb]lv ;[li6 x'Fb}g, lsGt'
k/d]Zj/sf] /rgfaf6} x'G5 ..(..
k|Zg— o; hut\sf] stf{ lyPg, g 5 / g x'g] g} 5 lsGt' cgflb sfnb]lv of] h:tfsf] t:t}
ag]sf] 5 . g slxn] o;sf] pTklQ eof], g slxNo} ljgfz x'g]5 .
pQ/— lagf stf{sf] s'g} klg lqmof of lqmofhGo kbfy{ aÌ ;Sb}g . h'g k[YjL cflb
kbfy{x¿df ;+of]u–ljz]ifn] /rgf b]lvG5, tL cgflb slxNo} klg x'g ;Sb}gg\, / hf] ;+of]uaf6 aGb5,
Tof] ;+of]usf] k"j{ x'Fb}g / ljof]usf] cGtdf /xFb}g . olb ltdLn] o;nfO{ dfGb}gf} eg] t sl7g eGbf
sl7g kfiff0f, xL/f / wft' cflbnfO{ k'm6fn]/, unfP/ jf e:d agfP/ x]/ ls ltgLx¿df k/df0f' k[ys\–
k[ys\ ldn]sf] 5 ls 5}g < olb ldn]sf] 5 eg] t tL ;do kfP/ cnu–cnu klg cjZo
x'g]5g\ ..!)..
k|Zg— cgflb O{Zj/ sf]xL 5}g, lsGt' hf] of]ufEof;n] cl0fdflb P]Zjo{nfO{ k|fKt u/]/
;j{1flbu'0fo'Qm s]jn–1fgL x'G5, ToxL hLj …O{Zj/Ú, …k/d]Zj/Ú eg]/ lrlgG5 .
pQ/— olb cgflb O{Zj/ hut\sf] ;|i6f gxf];\ t, ;fwgx¿n] l;4 x'g]jfnf hLjx¿sf] cfwf/
hLjg¿k hut\, z/L/ / OlGb|ox¿sf uf]ns s;/L aGy] < lagf logsf] hLj ;fwg ug{ g} ;Sb}g .

117
ha ;fwg g} gxf];\ t l;4 sxfFaf6 x'g] < hLjn] rfx] h:tf];'s} ;fwg u/]/ l;4 agf];\ t/ klg
…O{Zj/Ú— hf] ls :jo+ ;gftg cgflb l;4 5, h;df cgGt l;l4 5g\,— p;sf] t'No s'g} klg hLj
x'g ;Sb}g . lsgeg] hLjsf] k/d cjlw;Dd 1fg a9] tfklg kl/ldt 1fg / ;fdYo{jfnf x'G5 .
cgGt 1fg / ;fdYo{jfnf slxNo} klg x'g ;Sb}g . x]/ Û s'g} klg of]uL cfh;Dd O{Zj/s[t
;[li6qmdnfO{ abNg;Sg] ePsf 5}gg\, g t x'g] g} 5g\ . h;/L cgflb–l;4 k/d]Zj/n] g]qn] x]g]{ /
sfgx¿af6 ;'Ìsf] lgaGw u/]sf] 5, o;nfO{ s'g} klg of]uLn] abNg ;s]sf] 5}g . hLj …O{Zj/Ú slxNo}
klg x'g ;Sb}g .
k|Zg— sNk–sNkfGt/df O{Zj/n] ;[li6 ljnIf0f–ljnIf0f agfpF5 cyjf Pp6} < h:tf] clxn]
5, o:tf] klxnf lyof] / cufl8 klg x'g]5, e]b ub}{g <
pQ/— sU/yaR/c/NÔ/msaE? xa//ta y?wapU/vRm?kLpyt! , idV<a? c p&iw/vI< ca/Ntir?]/mwae/ Sv?> .
—CUj]b -d08n !)÷;"Qm !()÷dGq #_ ..
-Wfftf_ k/d]Zj/n] h;/L k"j–{ sNkdf ;"o{, rGb|, ljB't, k[YjL cGtl/If, cflbTo agfPsf] lyof] .
To;/L g} clxn] agfPsf] 5 / cufl8 klg To;/L g} agfpg] 5 .. o;}n] k/d]Zj/sf] sfd lagf e'n–
r'saf6 x'gfn] ;bf Psh:t} e}/fVb5 . hf] cNk1 / h;sf] 1fg a'l4–IfonfO{ k|fKt x'G5, To;sf]
sfddf e'n–r's x'g] ub{5, O{Zj/sf] sfddf xf]Og .
k|Zg— ;[li6–ljifodf j]bflb–zf:qsf] clj/f]w 5 ls lj/f]w <
pQ/— clj/f]w .
k|Zg— olb clj/f]w 5 eg]—
t:dfåf Pt:dfbfTdg cfsfzM ;De"tM . cfsfzfåfo'M . jfof]/lUgM . cUg]/fkM .
cb\EoM k[lyjL . k[lyJof cf]ifwoM . cf]iflwEof]˜Ìd\ . cÌfb|t] M . /]t;M k'?ifM .
; jf Pif k'?iff]˜Ì/;doM . —of] t}lQ/Lo pklgifb\ -a|=j=÷cg'=!_ sf] jrg xf] ..
p; k/d]Zj/ / k|s[ltb]lv cfsfz …cjsfzÚ cyf{t\ h'g sf/0f¿k b|Jo ;j{q k}mln/x]sf] lyof],
To;nfO{ hDdf ugf{n] cfsfz pTkÌh:tf] x'G5, jf:tjdf cfsfzsf] pTklQ xf]Og . lsgeg] lagf
cfsfzsf] k|s[lt / k/df0f' sxfF /xg ;Sb5g\ < cfsfzsf] kZrft\ jfo', jfo'sf] kZrft\ clUg,
clUgsf] kZrft\ hn, hnsf] kZrft\ k[YjL, k[YjLb]lv cf}iflw, cf}iflwb]lv cÌ, cÌb]lv jLo{, jLo{b]lv
k'?if cyf{t\ z/L/ pTkÌ x'G5 .
oxfF cfsfzflb qmdaf6, / 5fGbf]Uodf cUGoflb qmdaf6, P]t/]odf hnflb qmdn] ;[li6 eof] .
j]bx¿df sxL+ k'?if, sxL+ lx/0oue{ cflbaf6, dLdf+;fdf sd{, j}z]lifsdf sfn, Gofodf k/df0f',
of]udf k'?iffy{, ;f+Vodf k|s[lt / j]bfGtdf a|Xdfaf6 ;[li6sf] pTklQ dflgPsf] 5 . ca s;nfO{ ;fFrf]
/ s;nfO{ e'm§f] dfÌ] <
pQ/— o;df ;a} ;fFrf] xf], s'g} klg e'm§f] xf]Og . e'm6f] t Tof] xf] h;n] ljk/Lt ;DemG5 .
lsgls k/d]Zj/ lgldQ / k|s[lt hut\sf] pkfbfg sf/0f xf] . ha dxfk|no x'G5, To;sf] kZrft\
cfsfzflb qmd, cyf{t\ ha cfsfz / jfo'sf] k|no x'Fb}g / cUGoflbsf] x'G5 cUGoflb qmdaf6, / ha
ljB't clUgsf] klg k|no x'Fb}g t, ta hnflb qmdn] ;[li6 x'G5, cyf{t \ h'g–h'g k|nodf hxfF–
hxfF;Dd k|no x'G5, ToxfF–ToxfFb]lv ;[li6sf] pTklQ x'G5 . k'?if / lx/0ouef{lb ;a} gfd O{Zj/sf g}
x'g\, tL k|yd ;d'Nnf;df klg n]v]/ cfPsf] 5' . zf:qx¿sf] clj/f]wsf] ljifodf klg k"j{ n]v]/
cfPsf] 5' .
k/Gt' lj/f]w To;nfO{ eGb5g\ ls Ps–sfo{df Pp6} ljifodfly lj?4 jfb xf]cf];\ . 5M
zf:qx¿df clj/f]w x]/ o; k|sf/n] 5 . dLdf+;fdf— …o:tf] s'g} klg sfo{ hut\df x'Fb}g ls h;nfO{
agfpgdf sd{r]i6f ug{ gk/f];\ .Ú j}z]lifsdf— …lagf ;do gnflusg aGb} aGb}g .Ú Gofodf—
…pkfbfg sf/0f gx'gfn] s]xL klg aÌ ;Sb}g .Ú of]udf— …ljBf, 1fg, ljrf/ ul/Pg eg] t aÌ
;Sb}g .Ú ;f+Vodf— …t¤jx¿sf] d]n gx'gfn] aÌ ;Sb}g .Ú / j]bfGtdf— …agfpg]jfnfn] gagfPdf t
s'g} klg kbfy{ pTkÌ x'g ;Sb}g .Ú To;}n] ;[li6 5M sf/0fx¿n] aGb5 . tL 5M sf/0fx¿sf] JofVof
Ps–Pssf] Ps–Ps zf:qdf 5g\ . o;}n] pgdf lj/f]w s]xL klg 5}g . h;/L 5M k'?if ldn]/ Ps
5fk|fsf] nflu 5fgf] p7fP/ xfNb5g\, To;/L g} ;[li6¿k sfo{sf] JofVof 5M zf:qsfx¿n] ldn]/ k"/f
u/]sf 5g\ .
 k/Gt' h;/L kfFr cGwf / Ps dGbb[li6 ePsf]nfO{ s;}n] xfQLsf] Ps–Ps b]z -cË_ b]vfof] .
pgLx¿l;t ;f]Wof] ls xfQL s:tf] 5 < tL dWo]sf] Pp6fn] eGof]–vfFaf], bf];|f]n] eGof]–gfª\nf], t];|f]n]
eGof]–d";n, rf}yf]n] eGof]–s'rf], kfFrf}+n] eGof]–rf}tf/f] / 5}6f}+n] eGof]–sfnf–sfnf rf/ vfFaf]dfly s]xL
e}+;Lh:tf] cfsf/ ePsf] 5 . o;} k|sf/ cfhef]lnsf cgfif{, gjLg u|Gyx¿ k9\g] / k|fs[t
efiffjfnfx¿n] Clifk|0fLt u|Gy gk9]/, gjLg If'b|a'l4slNkt ;+:s[t / efiffx¿sf] u|Gy k9]/, Ps
bf];|fsf] lgGbfdf tTk/ x'Fb} e'm6f] sn–emu8f dRrfPsf 5g\ . logLx¿sf sygnfO{ a'l4dfgLx¿n] /
cGox¿n] dfÌof]Uo 5}g . lsgeg] h'g cGwfsf] k5fl8 cGwf g} rn]df t b'Mv lsg gkfpg] < To;/L
g} cfh–ef]lnsf cNk–ljBfo'Qm, :jfyL{, OlGb|of/fd k'?ifx¿sf nLnf ;+;f/nfO{ gfz u/fpg]jfnf
x'G5 .
k|Zg— ha sf/0fsf] lagf sfo{ x'Fb}g eg] t sf/0fsf] sf/0f lsg x'Fb}g <
pQ/— c/] ;f]emf efOx¿ Û s]xL t cfˆgf] a'l4nfO{ sfddf Nofpg] u/ < x]/ Û ;+;f/df
b'O6}dfq kbfy{ x'G5g\, Ps– sf/0f bf];|f]– sfo{ . h'g sf/0f xf], Tof] sfo{ x'Fb}g / h'g hltv]/ sfo{
x'G5, Tof] sf/0f xf]Og . ha;Dd dg'ion] ;[li6nfO{ oyfjt\ a'‰b}g ta;Dd To;nfO{ oyfjt\ 1fg
k|fKt x'Fb}g—
lgTofofM ;Tj/h:td;f+ ;fDofj:yfofM k|s[t]?TkÌfgf+ k/d;"Idf0ff+ k[ys\ k[yUjQ{dfgfgf+
t¤jk/df0f"gf+ k|ydM ;+of]uf/DeM ;+of]u–ljz]iffbj:yfGt/:o :y"nfsf/k|flKtM ;[li6?Rot] .
cgflb lgTo:j¿k ;Œj, /h;\ / tdu'0fx¿sf] Psfj:yf¿k k|s[ltb]lv pTkÌ h'g k/d;"Id
k[ys\–k[ys\ jt{dfg t¤jfjoj ljBdfg 5, ltg}sf] k|yd h'g ;+of]usf] cf/De xf], / ;+of]u
ljz]ifx¿b]lv cj:yfGt/ bf];|f]–bf];|f] cj:yfsf] ;"Id :y"n–:y"n aGb}–agfpFb} ljlrq¿k ag]sf] 5,
o;}n] of] ;+;u{ x'gfn] …;[li6Ú elgG5 .
enf h'g k|yd ;+of]udf ldNg] / ldnfpg]jfnf kbfy{ xf], h'g ;+of]usf] cflb / ljof]usf] cGt
cyf{t\ h;sf] ljefu x'g ;Sb}g, To;sf] …sf/0fÚ / h'g ;+of]usf] k5fl8 aGb5 / ljof]usf] kZrft\
To:tf] /xFb}g, To;nfO{ …sfo{Ú eGb5g\ . h;n] To; sf/0fsf] sf/0f, sfo{sf] sfo{, stf{sf] stf{,
;fwgsf] ;fwg / ;fWosf] ;fWo eGb5, Tof] x]bf]{ cGwf], ;'Gbf] alx/f] / hfGbf] d"9 xf] . sxL+ cfFvfsf]
cfFvf], bLkssf] bLks / ;"o{sf] ;"o{ slxNo} x'g ;Sb5 < h'g h;af6 pTkÌ x'G5 Tof] …sf/0fÚ, / h'g
pTkÌ x'G5 Tof] …sfo{Ú, / h;n] sf/0fnfO{ sfo{¿k agfpg]jfnf xf] Tof] …stf{Ú elgG5 .
gf;tf] ljBt] efjf] gfefjf] ljBt] ;tM .
peof]/lk b[i6f]˜Gt:Tjgof]:t¤jblz{leM .. —eujb\uLtf -cWofo @÷Znf]s !^_ ..
slxNo} klg …c;t\Ú sf] efj jt{dfg / …;t\Ú sf] cefj cjt{dfg x'Fb}g, oL b'O6}sf] lg0f{o ug{
t¤jbzL{x¿n] hfg]sf 5g\ . cGo kIfkftL, cfu|xL, dnLgfTdf, cljåfg\x¿n] o; s'/fnfO{ ;xhdf
s;/L hfÌ ;Sb5g\ < lsgeg] hf] dg'io ljåfg\, ;T;ËL ag]/ k"/f ljrf/ ub}{g eg] Tof] ;bf
e|dhfndf kl//fVb5 . tL k'?ifx¿ wGo x'g\ ls h;n] ;a} ljBfx¿sf] l;4fGtnfO{ hfGb5g\ / hfÌsf]
nflu kl/>d ub{5g\, hfg]/ cGox¿nfO{ lgisk6tfn] l;sfpF5g\ . To;sf/0f hf] s;}n] sf/0fsf] lagf
;[li6 dfGb5 eg] t, To;n] s]xL klg hfGb}g .
ha ;[li6sf] ;do cfpF5, ta k/dfTdf tL k/d;"Id kbfy{x¿nfO{ hDdf ub{5 . To;sf] k|yd
cj:yfdf h'g k/d;"Id k|s[lt¿k sf/0fn] s]xL :y"n x'G5, To;sf] gfd dxQTj, / h'g To;b]lv s]xL
:y"n x'G5 To;sf] gfd cxÍf/, / cxÍf/b]lv leÌ–leÌ kfFr ;"Ide"tÙ >f]q, Tjrf, g]q, lhÃf, 3|f0f,
kfFr 1fg]lGb|ox¿Ù jfs\, x:t, kfb, pk:y / u'bf oL kfFr sd{ OlGb|ox¿ x'g\ / P3f/f}+ dg s]xL :y"n
pTkÌ x'G5,Ù / tL k~rtGdfqfx¿b]lv cg]s :y"nfj:yfx¿df k|fKt x'Fb} qmd}n] kfFr :y"ne"t h;nfO{
xfdLx¿n] k|ToIf b]Vb5f}+, pTkÌ x'G5g\ . To;af6 gfgf k|sf/sf] cf}iflwx¿, j[If cflb, ltgaf6 cÌ,
cÌaf6 jLo{ / jLo{af6 z/L/ aGb5 . k/Gt' cflb;[li6 d}y'gL;[li6 x'Fb}g . lsgeg] ha :qL–k'?ifx¿sf]
z/L/ k/dfTdfn] agfP/ ltgLx¿df hLjx¿sf] ;+of]u ul/lbG5, tbgGt/ d}y'gL ;[li6 rNb5 .
x]/ Û z/L/df s'g k|sf/n] 1fgk"j{s ;[li6 /r]sf] 5 ls h;nfO{ ljåfg\x¿n] b]v]/ cfZro{df
kb{5g\ . leq xf8x¿sf] hf]8, gf8Lx¿sf] aGwg, df+;sf] n]kg, 5fnfsf] 9Ssg, cfGb|fe'F8L, lkQ,
sn]hf], kmf]S;f], kÎf snfsf] :yfkg, ?lw/zf]wg, k|rfng, ljB't\sf] :yfkg, hLjsf] ;+of]hg, lz/f]¿k
d"n/rg, nf]d gvflbsf] :yfkg, cfFvfsf] ctLj ;"Id lz/fsf] tf/jt\ u|Gyg, OlGb|ox¿sf] dfu{sf]
k|sfzg, hLjn] hfu[t, :jKg, ;'if'lKt cj:yfnfO{ ef]Ugsf] nflu :yfgljz]ifx¿sf] lgdf{0f, ;a}
wft'x¿sf] ljefus/0f snf–sf}zn–:yfkgflb cb\e't ;[li6nfO{ lagf k/d]Zj/sf] s;n] ug{ ;Sb5 <
o;sf] cltl/Qm gfgf k|sf/sf] /Tg wft'af6 hl8t e"ld, ljljw k|sf/sf] j6j[If cflbsf] aLhx¿df
clt ;"Id/rgf, c;+Vo /Qm, xl/t, Zj]t, kLt, s[i0f, lrq, dWo¿kb]lv o'Qm kq, k'ik, kmn,
d"nlgdf{0f, ldi6, Iff/, s6's, siffo, ltQm, cDnflb ljljw /;, ;'uGwflbo'Qm kq, k'ik, kmn, cÌ,
sGb, d"nflb–/rg, cg]sfg]s s/f]8f}+ e"uf]n, ;"o{, rGb|flb nf]slgdf{0f, wf/0f, e|fd0f, lgoddf /fVg'
cflb k/d]Zj/sf] lagf s;}n] ug{ ;Sb}g . ha s;}n] s'g} kbfy{nfO{ x]b{5 eg] t b'O{ k|sf/sf] 1fg
pTkÌ x'G5 . Ps–h:tf] Tof] kbfy{ / bf];|f]–To;df /rgf b]v]/ agfpg]jfnfsf] 1fg x'G5 . h:t} s'g}
k'?ifn] ;'Gb/ cfe"if0f jgdf kfof], x]bf{v]l/ p;nfO{ ljlbt eof] ls Tof] ;'j0f{sf] xf] / s'g} a'l4dfg\
sfl/u/n] agfPsf] xf] . o;} k|sf/ of] gfgf k|sf/sf] ;[li6df ljljw /rgfn], agfpg]jfnf k/d]Zj/sf]
l;4 ub{5 .
dg'iox¿sf] cflb;[li6 Pj+ :yfgsf] lg0f{o -*=$_
k|Zg— dg'iosf] ;[li6 k|yd eof] ls k[YjL cflbsf] <
pQ/— k[YjL cflbsf] . lsgeg] k[lyJoflbsf] lagf dg'iosf] l:ylt / kfng x'g ;Sb}g .
k|Zg— ;[li6sf] cflbdf Ps jf cg]s dg'io pTkÌ u/]sf lyP ls cyjf s] xf] <
pQ/— cg]s, lsgeg] h'g hLjx¿sf] sd{ P]Zj/L ;[li6df pTkÌ x'gkg]{ lyof], ltgsf] hGd
;[li6sf] cflbdf O{Zj/n] lbG5 . lsgeg]—
…dg'iof CifoZr o]Ú —t'ngf [-oh'j]{b cWofo #!_Ù d'08sf]klgifb\ -@÷&÷!_]
…ttf] dg'iof chfoGtÚ —of] oh'j]{b [zt=a|f=-sf+=!$÷k|kf=#÷a|f=@÷s+=%_] df n]lvPsf] 5 .
o; k|df0faf6 oxL lgZro x'G5 ls cflbdf cg]s cyf{t\ ;os8f}+ xhf/f}+ dg'io pTkÌ eP .
k]ml/ ;[li6df b]Vgfn] klg of] lglZrt x'G5 ls dg'io cg]s cfdf–a'afsf ;Gtfg x'g\ .
k|Zg— cflb ;[li6df dg'io cflbsf] afNo, o'jf jf j[4fj:yfdf ;[li6 ePsf] lyof] cyjf tLg}
cj:yfdf <
pQ/— o'jfj:yfdf . lsgeg] olb afns pTkÌ uy]{ eg] t ltgLx¿sf] kfngsf] nflu bf];|f]
dg'io cfjZos x'GYof] . olb j[4fj:yfdf agfpFYof] eg] t d}y'gL–;[li6 x'Gy]g, To;}n] o'jfj:yfdf
;[li6 u/]sf x'g\ .
k|Zg— slxNo} ;[li6sf] k|f/De x'G5 ls x'Fb}g <
pQ/— x'Fbg} . h;/L lbgsf] k"j{ /ft / /ftsf] k"j{ lbg tyf lbgsf] kl5 /ft / /ftsf] kl5
lbg a/fa/ rn]/ cfpF5, o;} k|sf/ ;[li6sf] k"j{ k|no / k|nosf] k"j{ ;[li6 tyf ;[li6sf] kl5 k|no /
k|nosf] cufl8 ;[li6 cgflbsfnb]lv rqm rn]/ cfO/x]sf] 5 . o;sf] cflb jf cGt 5}g . lsGt' h;/L
lbg jf /ftsf] cf/De / cGt b]lvgdf cfpF5, To;/L g} ;[li6 / k|nosf] cflb–cGt e}/fVb5 lsgeg]
h;/L k/dfTdf, hLj, hut\sf] sf/0f tLg :j¿kaf6 cgflb 5g\, To;/L g} hut\sf] pTklQ, l:ylt /
k|no k|jfxb]lv cgflb 5g\ . h:t} gbLsf] k|jfx To:t} b]lvG5, slxn] ;'Sg hfG5, slxn] b]lv+b}g, k]ml/
jiff{df b]lvG5 / pi0fsfndf b]lv+b}g, o:tf] Jojxf/x¿nfO{ k|jfx ¿k hfÌ'kb{5 . h;/L k/d]Zj/sf]
u'0f, sd{, :jefj cgflb 5g\, To;/L g} p;n] hut\sf] pTklQ, l:ylt / k|no ug'{ klg cgflb xf] .
h;/L slxNo} O{Zj/sf] u'0f, sd{, :jefjsf] cf/De / cGt x'Fb}g, o;} k|sf/ p;sf] st{Jo–sd{x¿sf]
klg cf/De / cGt 5}g .
k|Zg— O{Zj/n] s'g} hLjx¿nfO{ dg'io hGd, s'g}nfO{ l;+xflb q"m/ hGd, s'g}nfO{ xl/0f, ufO{
cflb kz', s'g}nfO{ j[Ifflb, s'g}nfO{ s[ld sL6 ktËflb hGd lbPsf] 5, o;af6 k/dfTdfdf kIfkft
b]lvg cfpF5 .
pQ/— kIfkft cfpFb}g, lsgeg] tL hLjx¿sf] k"j{ ;[li6df ul/Psf] sdf{g';f/ Joj:yf
ugf{n] . olb sd{sf] lagf hGd lbGYof] eg] dfq} kIfkft x'GYof] .
k|Zg— dg'iox¿sf] cflb–;[li6 s'g :ynaf6 eof] <
pQ/— …lqlji6k\Ú cyf{t\ h;nfO{ …ltAatÚ eGb5g\ .
k|Zg— cflb ;[li6df Ps hflt lyof] ls cg]s <
pQ/— Ps dg'io hflt lyof] . kZrft\—
ivja?nI/ýaYyaR/n! ye c/ dSy?v> . —of] CUj]b -!÷%!÷*_ sf] jrg xf] .
 >]i7x¿sf] gfd …cfo{, ljåfg\, b]jÚ / b'i6x¿sf] gfd …b:o'Ú cyf{t\ 8fFs", d"v{ / cgf8L gfd
x'gfn] …cfo{Ú / …b:o'Ú b'O{ gfd eP .
%/t zU/Ô %/taYeRa? . —of] cyj{j]b -!(÷^@÷!_ sf] jrg xf] .
cfo{x¿df k"jf]{Qm k|sf/af6 a|fXd0f, Iflqo, j}Zo / z"b| rf/ e]b eP . låh ljåfg\x¿sf] gfd
…cfo{Ú / d"v{x¿sf] gfd …z"b|Ú / …cgfo{Ú cyf{t\ …cgf8LÚ eof] .
k|Zg— k]ml/ pgLx¿ oxfF s;/L cfP <
pQ/— ha cfo{ / b:o'x¿df cyf{t\ ljåfg\ hf] b]j, cljåfg\ hf] c;'/, pgLx¿df ;bf n8fO{+–
emu8f–av]8f e}/fVof] . ha w]/} pkb|j dlRrg nfUof], ta cfo{ hgx¿ ;Dk"0f{ e"uf]nel/df o;
pQd e"ldsf] v08nfO{ hfg]/ oxL+ cfP/ a;] . o;} sf/0fn] o; b]zsf] gfd …cfof{jt{Ú x'g uof] .
k|Zg— cfof{jt{sf] cjlw -;Ldf_ sxfF;Dd kb{5 <
pQ/— cf;d'b|fQ' j} k"jf{bf;d'b|fQ' klZrdft\ . tof]/]jfGt/+ luof]{/føof{jQ{+ ljb'a'{wfM ..!..
;/:jtLb[ifåTof]b]{jgBf]o{bGt/d\ . t+ b]jlgld{t+ b]zdfof{jt{+ k|rIft] ..@..
—dg':d[lt -cWofo @÷Znf]s @@, t'=–@@÷!&_ ..
pQ/df lxdfno, blIf0fdf ljGWofrn, k"j{ / klZrddf ;d'b| ..!.. tyf ;/:jtL klZrddf
…c6sÚ gbLÙ h'g pQ/tk{msf] kxf8af6 lg:s]/ blIf0fsf] ;d'b|sf] vf8Ldf uP/ ldn]sf] 5 . k"j{df
…b[ifåtLÚ h'g g]kfnsf] k"j{ efu kxf8b]lv lgSn]/, aËfnsf] cf;fdsf] k"j{ / adf{ -a|Xdf_ sf] klZrd
x'Fb} blIf0fsf] ;d'b|df uP/ ldn]sf] 5, h;nfO{ …a|Xdk'qÚ eGb5g\ . lxdfnosf] dWo/]vfb]lv blIf0f /
kxf8x¿sf] leq / /fd]Zj/–ko{Gt ljGWofrnsf] leq hlt b]z 5g, tL ;a}nfO{ …cfof{jt{Ú eGb5g\ .
of] b]z b]jlgld{t cfof{jt{ o;}n] elgPsf] xf] ls …b]jÚ gfd ljåfgx¿n] /fv] / cfo{hgx¿n] lgjf;
ugf{n] …cfof{jt{Ú elgof] .
k|Zg— k|yd o; b]zsf] gfd s] lyof] / o;df sf] a:by] <
pQ/— o;sf] k"j{ o; b]zsf] gfd s]xL klg lyPg / g s'g} cfo{x¿b]lv k"j{ o; b]zdf
a:by] . lsgeg] cfo{x¿ ;[li6sf] cflbdf s]xL sfn kZrft\ ltAataf6 ;Lw} o; b]zdf cfP/ a;] .
k|Zg— s;}n] eGb5g\ ls logLx¿ O{/fgaf6 cfPsf x'g\ . o;}n] ubf{ logLx¿sf] gfd …cfo{Ú
ePsf] xf] . logsf] k"j{ oxfF hËnL–dfG5]x¿ a:by] ls h;nfO{ …c;'/Ú / …/fIf;Ú eGby] . cfo{–hgx¿
cfk"mnfO{ b]jtf atfpFy] / pgLx¿sf] ha ;+u|fd eof], To;sf] gfd …b]jf;'/;+u|fdÚ eg]/ syfdf
n]lvof] .
pQ/— of] s'/f] ;j{yf e'm§f] xf] . lsgeg]—
iv ja?nI/ýayaR/n! ye c/ dSy?vae b/ihR:m?te rNxya/ zas?dì/tan! . —CUj]b -d+=!÷;"=%!÷d+=*_ ..
%/t zU/Ô %/taYeRa? . —cyj{j]b -sf08 !(÷;"Qm ^@÷dGq !_ sf] k|df0f xf] ..
d}n] n]lv;s]sf] 5' ls …cfo{Ú gfd wfld{s, ljåfg\, cfKt k'?ifx¿sf] / oL b]lv ljk/Lt
hgx¿sf] gfd …b:o'Ú cyf{t\ 8fFs", b'i6, cwfld{s / cljåfg\ xf] . tyf a|fXd0f, Iflqo, j}Zo låhx¿sf]
gfd …cfo{Ú / z"b|sf] gfd …cgfo{Ú cyf{t\ …cgf8LÚ xf] . ha j]bn] o;/L eGb5 eg] t c¿ ljb]zLx¿sf]
skf]nslNktnfO{ a'l4dfgLx¿n] slxNo} klg dfÌ ;Sb}gg\ . /Xof] b]jf;'/–;+u|fdsf] s'/f o;df
cfof{jtL{o ch'{g tyf dxf/fhf bz/y cflb h'g ls lxdfno kxf8df cfo{ ljåfg\ / b:o', Dn]R5
c;'/x¿sf] h'g o'4 ePsf] lyof], To;df …b]jÚ cyf{t\ cfo{x¿sf] /Iff / c;'/x¿sf] k/fho ug{sf]
nflu ;xfos ePsf lyP . o;af6 oxL l;4 x'G5 ls cfof{jt{sf] aflx/ rf/}lt/ h'g lxdfnosf] k"j{,
cfUg]o, blIf0f, g}C{t, klZrd, jfoJo, pQ/, O{zfg b]zdf dg'io /xG5g\ pg}sf] gfd …c;'/Ú l;4 x'G5
. lsgeg] ha–ha lxdfno–k|b]z:y cfo{x¿dfly n8\gnfO{ r9fO{ ub{y], ta–ta oxfFsf /fhf–
dxf/fhfx¿ pg} pQ/ cflb b]zx¿df cfo{x¿sf] ;xfos x'g] ub{y] . k]ml/ h'g >L/fdrGb|;Fu blIf0fdf
o'4 ePsf] lyof], To;sf] gfd …b]jf;'/–;+u|fdÚ xf]Og, lsGt' To;nfO{ /fd–/fj0f cyjf cfo{ /
/fIf;x¿sf] ;+u|fd eGb5g\ . s'g} klg ;+:s[t u|Gydf jf Oltxf;df n]lvPsf] 5}g ls cfo{x¿
O{/fgaf6 cfP / oxfFsf hËnLx¿l;t n8]/, ho kfP/, pgLx¿nfO{ lgsfn]/ o; b]zsf /fhf eP,
k'gM ljb]zLx¿sf n]v dfggLo s;/L x'g ;Sb5 < /—
cfo{ / Dn]R5x¿sf] ljifodf JofVof -*=%_
cfo{jfrf] Dn]R5jfrM ;j]{ t] b:ojM :d[tfM ..!.. Dn]R5b]z:TjtM k/M ..@..
 —dg':d[lt -t'ngf–cWofo !)÷Znf]s $%, cWofo @÷Znf]s @#_ ..
h'g cfof{jt{ b]zx¿b]lv leÌ b]z 5g\, ltgLx¿nfO{ …b:o'b]zÚ / …Dn]R5b]zÚ elgG5 ..!–@..
o;af6 klg of] l;4 x'G5 ls cfof{jt{b]lv leÌ k"j{b]zb]lv lnP/ O{zfg, pQ/, jfoJo / klZrd
b]zx¿df /xg]jfnfx¿sf] gfd …b:o'Ú / …Dn]R5Ú tyf …c;'/Ú xf] . ;fy} g}C{t, blIf0f tyf cfUg]o
lbzfx¿df cfof{jt{ b]z eGbf leÌ /xg]jfnfx¿sf] gfd …/fIf;Ú xf] . clxn] klg x]/ Û xAzL /
lgu|f]x¿sf] :j¿k eoÍ/ h:tf] ls /fIfx¿sf] j0f{g ul/Psf] 5, To:t} g} b]lvG5 . k]ml/ cfof{jt{sf]
;Lwf tn /xg]x¿sf] gfd …gfuÚ / To; b]zsf] gfd …kftfnÚ o; sf/0f eGb5g\ ls tL b]zx¿
cfof{jtL{o dg'iox¿sf] …kfbÚ -kfp_ cyf{t\ k}tfnfd'lg v'§fb]lv tn kb{5 . ltgLx¿nfO{ …gfuj+zLÚ
cyf{t\ gfu gfd ePsf k'?ifx¿sf j+zsf /fhf x'g] ub{y] . To;}sL pn'kL /fhsGof;Fu ch'{gsf] ljjfx
ePsf] lyof], cyf{t\ OIjfs'b]lv lnP/ sf}/j–kf08j;Dd ;j{–e"uf]ndf cfo{x¿sf] /fHo / j]bx¿sf]
yf]/}–yf]/} k|rf/ cfof{jt{b]lv leÌ b]zx¿df klg x'g] ub{Yof] . o;df of] k|df0f 5 ls a|Xdfsf] k'q
lj/f6\, lj/f6\sf] dg', dg'sf] d/LRoflb bz, logsf :jfo+ejflb ;ft /fhf / pgsf ;Gtfg OIjfs'
cflb /fhf hf] cfof{jt{sf k|yd /fhf eP, h;n] of] cfof{jt{ a;fPsf x'g\ .
ca cefUof]bon] / cfo{b]lv cfn:o, k|dfb, k/:k/sf] lj/f]wn] ubf{ cGo b]zsf] /fHonfO{
ufEg] t s'/} ePg o;sf] syf s] egf}+, lsGt' cfof{jt{df klg cfo{x¿sf] cv08, :jtGq, :jfwLg,
lgeo{ /fHo olt j]nf 5}g . h]–hlt 5g\ To;df klg ljb]zLx¿sf] kfbfqmfGt e}/x]sf] 5 . s]xL–s]xL
guGo dfqfdf /fhfx¿ :jtGq 5g\ . b'lb{g ha cfpF5 ta b]zjf;Lx¿n] cg]s b'Mv ef]Ug' kb{5 .
s;}n] slt g} lsg gu/f];\, k/Gt' h'g :jb]zLo /fHo x'G5, Tof] ;jf]{kl/ pQd x'G5 . cyjf
dtdtfGt/sf] cfu|x/lxt, cfˆgf] / k/fosf] kIfkftz"Go, k|hfdfly dftf–lktfsf] ;dfg s[kf, Gofo /
bofsf] ;fydf /x]sf] ljb]zLx¿sf] /fHo klg k"0f{ ;'vbfos x'Fb}g . k/Gt' leÌ–leÌ efiff, k[ys\–k[ys\
lzIff, cnu–cnu Jojxf/sf] lj/f]w 5'6\g clt b'is/ 5 . lagf o;nfO{ g5f]l8sg k/:k/sf] k"/f
pksf/ / clek|fo l;4 x'g sl7g 5 . To;}n] h]–hlt j]bzf:qx¿df Joj:yf jf Oltxf; n]lvPsf
5g\, To;}nfO{ dfGo ug'{ eb|k'?ifx¿sf] sfd xf] .
k|Zg— hut\sf] pTklQdf slt ;do JotLt eof] <
pQ/— Ps ca{, 5ofÌAa] s/f]8, sof}+ nfv / sof}+ xhf/ jif{ hut\sf] pTklQ / j]bx¿sf]
k|sfz x'gdf nfu]sf] 5 . o;sf] :ki6 JofVof x]g{ rfx]df d}n] agfPsf] …CUj]bflbefioe"ldsfÚ
x]g'{xf]nf .
OToflb k|sf/ ;[li6sf] agfpgdf / aÌdf /Xof] / of] klg 5 ls ;a} eGbf ;"Id 6'qmf cyf{t\
h;nfO{ sf6\g ;ls+b}g, To;sf] gfd k/df0f', ;f7L k/df0f'x¿ ldn]/ Ps c0f', o;nfO{ c+u|]hLdf
…P6dÚ eGb5g\, b'O{ c0f' ldn]/ Ps åØ0f's h'g ls :y"n jfo' xf], tLg åØ0f'ssf] clUg, rf/ åo0f'ssf]
hn, kfFr åØ0f'ssf] k[YjL cyf{t\ tLg åØ0f'ssf] q;/]0f' / To;sf] b'O{ u'0ff x'gfn] k[YjL cflb b[Zo
kbfy{ x'G5g\ . o;} k|sf/ qmd}n] ldnfP/ e"uf]nflb k/dfTdfn] agfPsf x'g\ .
O{Zj/n] hut\nfO{ wf/0f ug]{ ljifodf JofVof -*=^_
k|Zg— o;sf] wf/0f s;n] ub{5 < sf]xL eGb5g\— …z]ifÚ cyf{t\ xhf/ km0fjfn] ;k{sf] lz/df
k[YjL 5 . bf];|fn]] eGb5 ls— uf]?sf] ;L+udfly 5 . t];|f] eGb5 ls— s;}dfly klg 5}g . rf}yf]n]
eGb5 ls— jfo'sf] cfwf/df . kfFrf}+n] eGb5 ls— ;"o{sf] cfsif{0fn] lvlrP/ cfˆgf] 7]ufgfdf l:yt .
5}6f}+n] eGb5 ls— k[YjL ef/L x'gfn] tn–tn cfsfzdf wl;P/ u}/x]sf] 5, OToflbdf s;sf] s'/fnfO{
;To dfÌ] <
pQ/— h;n] æz]if ;k{sf] km0fdf / uf]?sf] ;L+udf cl8P/ k[YjL l:yt 5Æ eGb5, To;nfO{
;f]Wg'kb{5 ls ;k{ / uf]?sf cfdf–afpsf] hGd ;dodf s] dfly lyof] < tyf ;k{ / uf]? cflb s]
dfly 5g\ < uf]?jfnf d';ndfg t r'k x'g hfg]5g\, k/Gt' ;k{jfn] eÌ]5g\ ls ;k{ s"d{dfly, s"d{
hndf, hn clUgdf, clUg jfo'df / jfo' cfsfzdf cl8Psf] 5 . ltgLx¿l;t ;f]Wg'kb{5 ls tL ;a}
s] dfly 5g\ < cjZo eÌ]5g\ ls k/d]Zj/df l:yt 5g\ . ha pgLx¿;Fu s;}n] ;f]wf];\ ls z]if /
uf]? s;sf] 5f]/f] xf] < t eÌ] 5g\ ls sZok sb|", / uf]? ufO{sf] . sZok d/LrL, d/LrL dg', dg'
lj/f6\ / lj/f6\ a|Xdfsf] k'q, a|Xdf rflx+ cflb ;[li6sf] lyof] . ha z]ifsf] hGd g} ePsf] lyPg,
To;sf] eGbf klxnf kfFr k':tf e};s]sf] 5, ta s;n] wf/0f u/]sf] lyof] < cyf{t\ sZoksf] hGd–
;dodf k[YjL s;dfly lyof] < t …t}+ r'k d} r'kÚ / n8\g nfUg]5g\ . o;sf] ;fFrf] clek|fo of] xf] ls
h'g …afFsLÚ /xG5 To;nfO{ …z]ifÚ eGb5g\ . ;f] s'g} sljn] …z]ifwf/f k[lyjLTo'Qmd\Ú k[YjL …z]ifsf]
cfwf/df 5 .Ú— o:tf] eGof] bf];|fn] p;sf] clek|fonfO{ a'e]mg / ;k{sf] ldYof sNkgf u¥of] . k/Gt'
h;sf] nflu k/d]Zj/ pTklQ / k|nob]lv afFsL cyf{t\ k[ys\ /xG5, To;} sf/0fn] p;nfO{ …z]ifÚ
eGb5g\ / p;}sf] cfwf/df k[YjL 5—
s/TyenaeÄ?i-ta/ -Uim/> . —CUj]b -d+=!)÷;"=*%÷d+=!_, cyj{j]b -sf+=!$÷;"=!÷d+=!_ ..
-;To_ cyf{t\ hf] q}sfNofafWo, h;sf] slxNo} gfz x'Fb}g, p;} k/d]Zj/n] e"ld cflb ;a}
nf]sx¿nfO{ wf/0f u/]sf] 5 .
%/]a da?xar p&iw/vImu/t *am! . —of] klg -CUj]b !)÷#!÷*Ù cyj{=$÷!!÷!_ dGqsf] efu xf] ..
o;} …pIffÚ zAbnfO{ b]v]/ s;}n] uf]?sf] u|x0f u¥of] xf]nf, lsgeg] pIff uf]?sf] klg gfd xf] .
k/Gt' To; d"9nfO{ of] ljlbt klg ePg ls olt 7"nf] e"uf]nnfO{ wf/0f ug]{ ;fdYo{ uf]?df sxfFaf6
cfcf];\ Û o;}n] …pIffÚ jiff{åf/f e"uf]nnfO{ ;]rg ugf{n] …;"o{Ú sf] gfd xf] . p;n] cfˆgf] cfsif{0faf6
k[YjLnfO{ wf/0f u/]sf] 5 . k/Gt' ;"of{lbnfO{ wf/0f ug]{jfnf lagf k/d]Zj/sf] bf];|f] sf]xL klg 5}g .
k|Zg— olt 7"nf–7"nf e"uf]nx¿nfO{ k/d]Zj/n] s;/L wf/0f ug{ ;Sb5 xf]nf <
pQ/— h;/L cgGt cfsfzsf] ;fd'Ì] 7"nf–7"nf e"uf]n s]xL klg xf]Og cyf{t\ ;d'b|sf] cufl8
hnsf] ;fgf]–;fgf] s0fsf] t'No klg xf]Og, To;/L g} cgGt k/d]Zj/sf] ;fd'Ì] c;+Voft nf]s Ps
k/df0f'sf] t'No klg xf]Og eÌ ;lsG5 . pm aflx/–leq ;j{q Jofks 5 cyf{t\—
iv/-U> à/jasu? . —of] oh'j]{b -cWofo #@÷dGq *_ sf] jrg xf] ..
Tof] k/dfTdf ;a} k|hfx¿df Jofks x'Fb} ;a}nfO{ wf/0f ul//x]sf] 5 . olb Tof] O{;fO{, d';ndfg
/ k'/f0fLx¿sf] sygfg';f/, lje" x'Gy]g eg] t of] ;a} ;[li6sf] wf/0f slxNo} ug{ ;Sg] lyPg . lsgeg]
lagf k|flKtsf] s;}nfO{ s'g}n] wf/0f ug{ ;Sb}g . s;}n] eGb5 ls oL ;a} nf]s k/:k/sf] cfsif{0fn]
wf/0f ePsf 5g\, k'gM k/d]Zj/n] wf/0f ug{sf] s] ck]Iff 5 < ltgLx¿nfO{ of] pQ/ lbg'kb{5 ls of]
;[li6 cgGt 5, jf ;fGt < h;n] cgGt eGb5 eg] t cfsf/jfnf j:t' cgGt x'g ;Sb}g / olb
;fGt eGb5 eg] t p;sf] k/–efu …;LdfÚ cyf{t\ h;b]lv k/ s'g} klg bf];|f] nf]s 5}g, jxfF s;sf]
cfsif{0fn] wf/0f x'g]5 < h;/L ;dli6 / Joli6 cyf{t\ ha–ha ;d'bfosf] gfd jg /fVb5f}+ t …;dli6Ú
elgG5, / Ps–Ps j[IfflbnfO{ leÌ–leÌ u0fgf u¥of}+ eg] t …Joli6Ú elgG5, To;/L g} ;a}
e"uf]nx¿nfO{ ;dli6df ug]/ hut\ eGof}+ eg] t hut\sf] wf/0f / cfsif{0fsf] stf{ lagf k/d]Zj/sf]
bf];|f] sf]xL klg 5}g . o;}n] h;n] ;a} hut\nfO{ /Rb5, jxL—
s da?xar p&iw/vI< *amutemam! . —of] oh'j]{b -cWofo !#÷dGq $_ sf] jrg xf] ..
k[lyJoflb k|sfz/lxt nf]s–nf]sfGt/ / kbfy{ tyf ;"of{lb k|sfz;lxt nf]s / kbfy{x¿sf]
/rg–wf/0f jxL k/dfTdf ub{5, hf] ;a}df Jofks e}/x]sf] 5 .
k|Zg— k[lyJoflb nf]s 3'Db5g\ ls l:y/ 5g\ <
pQ/— 3'Db5g\ .
k|Zg— slt dfG5]n] t eGb5g\ ls ;"o{ 3'Db5 / k[YjL 3'Db}g . k]ml/ s;}n] eGb5g\ ls k[YjL
3'Db5, ;"o{ 3'Db}g . o;df ;To s'gnfO{ dfÌ] xf] <
pQ/— oL b'O6} cfwf e'm§f x'g\, lsgeg] j]bdf n]lvPsf] 5—
Aay< gaE> p&iî?r³mI/ds?dNma/tr<? pu/r> , ip/tr<? c à/yNTSv?> .
—oh'j]{b -cWofo #÷dGq ^_ ..
cyf{t\ of] k[YjL hnsf] ;lxt cfˆgf] cIfdf 3'Db} kmGsf] df/]/ cfsfzdf ;f}o{d08nsf] kl/lwsf]
sIfleq /x]/ ;"o{sf] kl/qmdf ub{l5g\ . cyf{t\ ;"o{sf] jl/kl/ /x]/ k[YjL 3'Dg] ub{l5g\ .
Aa k&/:[en/ rj?sa/ vÅRa?manae inve/zy?Ú/m&t</ mTYR<a? c ,

ih/r/{yye?n siv/ta rwe/na de/vae ya?it/ -uv?nain/ pZy?n! .

—oh'j]{b -cWofo ##÷dGq $#_ ..
hf] …;ljtfÚ cyf{t\ ;"o{ jiff{lbsf] stf{, k|sfz:j¿k, t]hf]do, /d0fLo:j¿ksf] ;fy jt{dfg,
;a} k|f0fL–ck|f0fLx¿df cd[t¿k j[li6 jf ls/0fåf/f cd[tsf] k|j]z u/fP/ ;a} d"lt{dfg\ b|Jox¿nfO{
b]vfpFb}, ;a} nf]sx¿sf] ;fy s]Gb|df /x]/ cfsif{0f u'0fn] ;x jt{dfg x'Fb} cfˆgf] cIfdf 3'ld/fVb5,
lsGt' s'g} nf]ssf] rf/}lt/ 3'Db}g . To;/L g} Ps–Ps a|Xdf08df Ps ;"o{ k|sfzs / bf];|f ;a} nf]s–
nf]sfGt/ k|sfZo 5g\, h:t}—
id/iv saemae/ Aix? iï/t> . —cyj{j]b -sf08 !$÷cg'jfs !÷dGq !_ ..
h;/L of] rGb|nf]s ;"o{af6 k|sflzt x'G5, To;/L g} k[lyJoflb nf]s klg ;"o{sf] k|sfzaf6}
k|sflzt x'G5g\ . k/Gt' /ft / lbg ;j{bf jt{dfg /xG5g\, lsgeg] k[lyJoflb nf]s 3'd]/ hlt efu
;"o{sf] ;fd'Ì] cfpF5, Toltdf lbg / hlt k[i7df cyf{t\ 5]lsG5, Toltdf /ft x'G5 . cyf{t\ pbo,
c:t, ;+Wof, dWofÂ, dWo/flq cflb hlt sfnfjoj 5g\, tL b]zb]zfGt/x¿df ;bf jt{dfg /xG5g\ .
cyf{t\ ha cfof{jt{df ;"of]{bo x'G5, Tolt j]nf …kftfnÚ cyf{t\ …cd]l/sfÚ df c:t x'G5 / ha
cfof{jt{df c:t x'G5, ta kftfn–b]zdf pbo x'G5 . ha cfof{jt{df dWo lbg jf dWo /ft x'Fbf,
ToxL ;dodf kftfn–b]zdf dWo /ft jf dWo lbg x'G5 .
h;n] eGb5g\ ls ;"o{ 3'Db5 / k[YjL 3'Db}g, tL ;a} hgf c1 x'g\, lsgeg] olb o:tf] x'GYof]
eg] t sof}+ xhf/ jif{sf] lbg / /ft x'GYof] . cyf{t\ ;"o{sf] gfd -a|WgM_ k[YjL eGbf nfvf}+ u'0ff 7"nf] /
s/f]8f}+ sf]; b"/ 5 . h:t} tf]/Lsf] u]8fsf] ;fd'Ì] kxf8 3'd]df w]/} a]/ nfUg]5 t/ kxf8sf] ;fd'Ì]
tf]/Lsf] u]8f 3'd]df w]/} ;do nfUb}g, To;/L g} k[YjL 3'Dgfn] oyfof]Uo /ft–lbg x'G5g\, ;"o{ 3'Dgfn]
x'Fb}g . k]ml/ h;n] ;"o{ l:y/ 5 eGb5g\, tL klg Hof]ltlj{Bfljt\ xf]Ogg\ . lsgeg] olb ;"o{ 3'Db}gYof]
eg] t Ps /flz :yfgb]lv bf];|f] …/flzÚ cyf{t\ :yfgnfO{ k|fKt x'Gy]g, / u'? kbfy{ lagf g3'ldsg
cfsfzdf lgot :yfgdf slxNo} klg /xg ;Sb}g . ;fy} h'g h}g cflb eGb5g\ ls k[YjL 3'Db}g lsGt'
tn hfG5 / b'O{ ;"o{ / rGb| s]jn hDa"åLkdf 5g\, tL t afx| nf]xf]6f ulx/f] efËsf] gzfdf lgdUg
5g\, lsgeg] olb tn–tn hfGYof] eg] t rf/}lt/af6 jfo'sf] rqm gaÌfn] k[YjL l5Ì–leÌ x'GYof] /
lgDg–:yn k[YjLdf /xg]x¿nfO{ jfo'sf] :kz{ x'g]lyPg, tnlt/kl§sfnfO{ clws / Ps}gf;sf] jfo'sf]
ult x'GYof] . b'O6f ;"o{ / rGb| x'Gy] eg] t /ft / s[i0fkIfsf] x'g' g} gi6–e|i6 x'GYof] . To;}n] Ps
e"ldsf] glhs Ps rGb| / cg]s rGb|, cg]s e"ldx¿sf] dWodf Ps ;"o{ /xg] ub{5 .
k|Zg— ;"o{, rGb| / tf/fx¿ s] j:t' x'g\ / ltgdf dg'ioflb ;[li6 5 ls 5}g <
pQ/— oL ;a} e"uf]n nf]s x'g\ / hLjg ;Dej ePsfdf dg'ioflb k|hf klg /xG5g\, lsgeg]—
Pt]if' xLbœ ;j{+ j;' lxtd]t] xLbœ ;j{+ jf;oGt] tBlbbœ ;j{+ jf;oGt] t:dfå;j Olt ..
—ztky a|fXd0f sf08 !$ -k|kf=^÷a|f=&÷s+=$_ ..
k[YjL, hn, clUg, jfo', cfsfz, rGb|, gIfq / ;"o{ logLx¿sf] j;' gfd o;} sf/0fn] ePsf] xf]
ls logLx¿df g} kbfy{ / hLjg ;DefJotf ePsfdf k|hf a:b5g\ / log}n] ;a} kbfy{nfO{ cfk"mdf
a;fpFb5g\ . h; sf/0f jf;sf] lgjf; ug{sf] nflu 3/ ePsfn] log}sf] gfd …j;'Ú xf] . ha o; xfd|f]
Ps ;f}/d08ndf l:yt ;"o{, k[YjL, rGb|, d+un, a'w, zlg, /fx', s]t' / gIfq cflb j;' 5g\ eg],
kZrft\ o; ljzfn a|Xdf08df /x]sf cGo ;f}/d08n:y cflbsf k[lyJoflb nf]sdf klg o;} k|sf/sf
k|hf x'gdf s]sf] ;Gb]x < / h;/L k/d]Zj/sf] of] ;fgf] k[YjLnf]s dg'ioflb ;[li6n] el/Psf] 5 eg] t,
s] tL ;a} d08n:y leqsf k[lyJoflb nf]s z"Go 5g\ xf]nf < k/d]Zj/sf] s'g} klg sfd lgik|of]hg
x'Fb}g eg] t, s] oltsf c;+Vo nf]s leqdf hLjg ;DefJotf /x]sf k[lyJoflb nf]sdf dg'ioflb ;[li6
gxf];\ t ;kmn slxNo} x'g ;Sb5 < o;}n] ;j{q d08n:y leqsf k[lyJoflb nf]sdf klg dg'ioflb
;[li6 5 .
k|Zg— h:tf] o; b]zdf dg'ioflb ;[li6sf] cfs[lt cjoj 5, To:t} g} cGo nf]sx¿df 5 ls
ljk/Lt <
pQ/— s'g–} s'g} cfs[ltdf e]b x'g ;Dej 5, h:t} o; b]zdf rLgL, xAzL / cfof{jt{, o"/f]kdf
cjoj / /Ë–¿k / cfs[ltdf klg yf]/}–yf]/} e]b b]lvG5, o;} k|sf/n] nf]s–nf]sfGt/x¿df klg e]b
x'G5g\ . k/Gt' h'g hfltsf] h:tf] ;[li6 o; b]zdf 5, To:tf] hflts} g} ;[li6 cGo nf]sx¿df klg
x'g ;Sb5 . h'g–h'g z/L/sf] k|b]zdf g]qflb cË 5g\, p;}–p;} k|b]z / nf]sfGt/x¿df klg p;}
hfltsf] cjoj klg To:t} g} x'G5g\ . lsgeg]—
sU/yaR/c/NÔ/msEa? xa/ta y?wapU/vRm?kLpyt! , idV<a? c p&iw/vI< ca/Ntir?]/mwae/ Sv?> .
—CUj]b -d08n !)÷;"Qm !()÷dGq #_ ..
 …wftfÚ k/dfTdfn] h'g k|sf/sf] ;"o{, rGb|, Bf}, e"ld, cGtl/If / tq:y ;'v ljz]if kbfy{
k"j{sNkdf /r]sf] lyof], To:t} g} o; sNk cyf{t\ o; ;[li6df /r]sf] 5, tyf ;a} nf]s–nf]sfGt/x¿df
klg agfPsf] 5 . e]b ls+lrt\–dfq klg x'Fb}g .
k|Zg— h'g j]bx¿sf] o; nf]sdf k|sfz 5, pg} j]bx¿sf] tL nf]sx¿df klg k|sfz 5 ls
5}g <
pQ/— pg} j]bx¿sf] 5 . h;/L Ps /fhfsf] /fHoJoj:yfsf] gLlt b]zel/ ;a}df ;dfg x'G5,
To;/L g} k/dfTdf /fh/fh]Zj/sf] j]bf]Qm gLlt cfˆgf] ;[li6¿k ;a} /fHodf Ps}gf; x'G5 .
k|Zg— ha oL hLj / k|s[lt:y t¤j cgflb / O{Zj/n] agfPsf] xf]Og eg] t, O{Zj/sf] clwsf/
klg oL dfly g x'g'kg]{, lsgeg] ;a} :jtGq eP <
pQ/— h;/L /fhf / k|hf ;dsfndf x'G5g\ / /fhfsf] cfwLg k|hf x'G5g\, To;/L g}
k/d]Zj/sf] cfwLg hLj / h8 kbfy{ 5g\ . ha k/d]Zj/ ;a} ;[li6nfO{ agfpg], hLjx¿nfO{
sd{kmnx¿ lbg], ;a}sf] oyfjt\ /Ifs / cgGt ;fdYo{jfnf x'gfn], cNk ;fdYo{ hLj klg / h8
kbfy{ p;sf] cfwLg lsg gx'g] < o;}n] hLj sd{ ug{df :jtGq, k/Gt' sd{sf] kmn ef]Ugdf O{Zj/sf]
Joj:yfn] k/tGq 5, To;/L g} ;j{zlQmdfg\ ;[li6, ;+xf/ / kfng ;a} ljZjsf] ul//x]sf] 5 .
o; eGbf cufl8 ljBf, cljBf, aGw / df]If–ljifodf n]lvg]5 . of] cf7f}+ ;d'Nnf; k"/f eof] .

Olt >Ld2ofgGb;/:jtL:jflds[t] ;Tofy{k|sfz] ;'efifflje"lift]

;[li6Ø'TklQl:yltk|noljifo]˜i6dM ;d'Nnf;M ;Dk"0f{M ..*..

 -(_ gjf}+ ;d'Nnf;
ljBf–cljBf, aGw–df]Ifsf] ljifodf JofVof
ljBf–cljBfsf] ljifo -(=!_
iv/*a< ca=iv?*a< c/ yStÖeda/e-y?‡ s/h, Aiv?*ya m&/Tyu/< tI/TvaR iv/*ya/=m&t?mZnute.
—oh'j]{b -cWofo $)÷dGq !$_ ..
hf] dg'io ljBf / cljBfsf] :j¿knfO{ ;fy–;fy} g} hfGb5, Tof] …cljBfÚ cyf{t\ sdf]{kf;gfn]
d[To'b]lv t/]/ …ljBfÚ cyf{t\ 1fgn] df]IfnfO{ k|fKt ub{5 . cljBfsf] nIf0f—
clgTofz'lrb'MvfgfTd;' lgToz'lr;'vfTdVoflt/ljBf ..
—of] of]u;"q -;fwgkfb @÷;"q %_ sf] jrg xf] ..
h'g …clgToÚ ;+;f/ / b]xflbdf, lgTo– cyf{t\ h'g sfo{ hut\ b]lvG5 ;'lgG5, ;bf /xg]5,
;bfb]lv 5 / of]uann] pg} b]jx¿sf] z/L/ ;bf /xG5– To:tf] ljk/Lt a'l4 x'g', cljBfsf] k|yd efu
xf] . …cz'lrÚ cyf{t\ dndo :œoflbsf] / ldYofefif0f, rf]/L cflb ckljqdf kljq a'l4M 5g\ bf];|f] efu
xf] . cToGt ljifo;]jg¿k …b'MvÚ df ;'va'l4 x'g' cflb t];|f] efu xf] . …cgfTdfÚ df cfTda'l4 ug'{
cljBfsf] rf}yf] efu xf] . o; rf/ k|sf/sf] ljk/Lt 1fgnfO{ …cljBfÚ eGb5g\ . o;sf] ljk/Lt cyf{t\
clgTodf clgTo / lgTodf lgTo, ckljqdf ckljq / kljqdf kljq, b'Mvdf b'Mv / ;'vdf ;'v,
cgfTdfdf cgfTdf / cfTdfdf cfTdfsf] 1fg x'g' ljBf xf] . cyf{t\ …j]lQ oyfjt\ t¤j+ kbfy{:j¿k+ oof
;f ljBf, oof t¤j:j¿k+ g hfgflt e|dfbGol:dÌGolÌlZrgf]lt ;f˜ljBfÚ h;af6 kbfy{sf] oyfy{
:j¿ksf] af]w x'G5 of] …ljBfÚ / h;af6 t¤j:j¿k hfÌ g;lsof];\, cGodf cGo a'l4 x'G5, o;nfO{
…cljBfÚ elgG5 . cyf{t\ sd{ / pkf;gf …cljBfÚ o; sf/0fn] xf] ls of] afXo / cGtlq{mofljz]ifsf]
gfd xf], 1fgljz]ifsf] xf]Og . o;n} dGqdf elgPsf] 5 ls lagf z'4 sd{ / k/d]Zj/sf] pkf;gf
gul/sg d[To' b'Mvaf6 s;}n] klg kf/ kfpg ;Sb}g . cyf{t\ kljq sd{, kljqf]kf;gf / kljq 1fgaf6
g} d'lQm / ckljq ldYofefiff0fflb sd{, kfiff0fd"Œof{lbsf] pkf;gf / ldYof1fgn] aGw x'G5 . s'g} klg
dg'io If0fdfq klg sd{, pkf;gf / 1fgaf6 /lxt x'Fb}g . o;}n] wd{o'Qm ;Toefif0fflb sd{ ug{' /
ldYofefif0fflb cwd{nfO{ 5f]l8lbg' …d'lQmÚ sf] ;fwg xf] .
k|Zg— d'lQm s;nfO{ k|fKt x'Fb}g <
pQ/— hf] a4 5 .
k|Zg— a4 sf] 5 <
pQ/— h'g cwd{ c1fgdf km;]sf] hLj 5 .
k|Zg— aGw / df]If :jefjaf6 x'G5 ls lgldQaf6 <
pQ/— lgldQaf6 . lsgeg] :jefjaf6 x'GYof] eg] t aGw / d'lQmsf] lgj[lQ slxNo} klg x'g]
lyPg .
k|Zg— g lg/f]wf] g rf]TklQg{ a4f] g r ;fwsM . g d'd'If'g{ j} d'lQml/To]iff k/dfy{tf ..
—of] df08"Sof]klgifbdf Znf]s 5, -uf}8kfbLosfl/sf÷k|s/0f @÷sf08 #@_ ..
hLj a|Xd x'gfn] j:t'tM hLjsf] …lg/f]wÚ cyf{t\ g slxNo} cfj/0fdf cfof], g hGd lnG5, g
afFlwPsf] 5 / g …;fwsÚ cyf{t\ g s]xL ;fwgf ug]{jfnf xf], g 5'6\gsf] nflu OR5f ub{5 / g slxNo}
o;sf] d'lQm 5 . lsgeg] ha k/dfy{af6 aGw g} 5}g eg] t d'lQm stf <
pQ/— of] gjLg j]bfGtLx¿n] eg]sf] s'/f] ;To xf]Og . lsgeg] hLjsf] :j¿k cNk x'gfn]
cfj/0fdf cfpF5, z/L/sf] ;fy k|s6 x'g] ¿k hGd lnG5, kfk¿k sd{sf] kmn–ef]u¿k aGwgdf
km:b5, To;af6 5'6\gsf] nflu ;fwg ub{5, b'Mvaf6 5'6\gsf] nflu OR5f ub{5 / b'Mvx¿af6 5'6]/
k/dfgGb k/d]Zj/nfO{ k|fKt u/]/ d'lQmnfO{ klg ef]Ub5 .
k|Zg— oL ;a} wd{ b]x / cGtMs/0fsf x'g\, hLjsf] xf]Og . lsgeg] hLj t kfk–k'0ob]lv /lxt
;fIfLdfq xf] . zLtf]i0fflb z/L/flbsf] wd{ xf], If'wf–t[iff k|f0fsf] / xif{–zf]s dgsf] wd{ xf], cfTdf
lgn]{k 5 .
pQ/— b]x / cGtMs/0f h8 x'g\, ltgnfO{ zLtf]i0fsf] k|flKt / ef]u x'Fb}g, h:t} 9'ËfnfO{ zLt /
pi0fsf] efg jf ef]u x'Fb}g . hf] r]tg dg'ioflb k|f0fL To;nfO{ :kz{ ub{5 p;}nfO{ zLt–pi0fsf] efg
/ ef]u x'G5 . To;} u/L k|f0f klg h8 xf], g To;nfO{ ef]s / ltvf{, lsGt' k|f0fjfnf hLjnfO{ If'wf–
t[iff -ef]s–ltvf{_ nfUb5 . To;} u/L dg klg h8 xf], g o;nfO{ xif{ / zf]s x'g ;Sb5, lsGt'
dgaf6 xif{–zf]s, ;'v–b'Mvsf] ef]u hLjn] ub{5 . h;/L alxis/0f >f]qflb OlGb|ox¿af6 /fd|f–g/fd|f
zAbflb ljifox¿sf] u|x0f u/]/ hLj ;'vL–b'MvL x'G5, To;/L g} …cGtMs/0fÚ cyf{t\ dg, a'l4, lrQ,
cxÍf/af6 ;ÍNk, ljsNk, lgZro, :d/0f / cledfg ug]{jfnf hLj xf] . h;/L tnjf/ cflb s'g}
z:qn] s;}nfO{ dfg]{ jf /Iff ug]{jfnf b08 / dfGosf] efuL sd{sf] stf{ x'G5, tnjf/ x'Fb}g, To;/L g}
b]x]lGb|o, cGtMs/0f / k|f0f¿k ;fwgx¿af6 /fd|f–g/fd|f sd{x¿sf] stf{ hLj ;'v–b'Mvsf] ef]Qmf xf] .
hLj sd{x¿sf] ;fIfL xf]Og, lsGt' stf{sf] xf] . sd{x¿sf] ;fIfL t Ps k/dfTdf xf] . h'g sd{nfO{
ug{]jfnf hLj xf], jxL sd{x¿df lnKt x'G5Ù Tof] O{Zj/ ;fIfL x'Fb}g .
k|Zg— hLj a|Xdsf] k|ltlaDa xf] . h;/L bk{0fsf] 6'6\g–k'm6\gfn] laDasf] s]xL xflg x'Fb}g, o;}
k|sf/ cGtMs/0fdf a|Xdsf] k|ltlaDa hLj ta;Dd x'G5 ls ha;Dd Tof] cGtMs/0ff]kflw x'G5 . ha
cGtMs/0f gi6 eof], ta Tof] hLj d'Qm xf] .
pQ/— of] afnskgsf] s'/f] xf] . lsgeg] k|ltlaDa ;fsf/sf] ;fsf/df x'G5 . h;/L d'v /
bk{0f cfsf/jfnf x'g\ / k[ys\ klg 5g\ . olb k[ys\ gePdf t k|ltlaDa x'g;Sb}g . a|Xd lg/fsf/,
;j{Jofks x'gfn] p;sf] k|ltlaDa x'g ;Sb}g .
k|Zg— x]/ Û uDeL/ :jR5 l:y/ hndf lg/fsf/ / Jofks cfsfzsf] cfef; x'G5 . o;} k|sf/
:jR5 cGtMs/0fdf k/dfTdfsf] cfef; x'G5 . To;}n] o;nfO{ …lrbfef;Ú eGb5g\ .
pQ/— of] afna'l4sf] ldYof k|nfk xf] . lsgeg] cfsfz b[Zo g} xf]Og, To;nfO{ cfFvfn] s;}n]
klg b]Vg;Sb}g . ha cfsfzdf ePsf] :y"n jfo'nfO{ t cfFvfn] b]Vg ;Sb}g eg] cfsfznfO{ s;/L
b]Vg ;Sb5 <
k|Zg— of] h'g dflylt/ gLnf] / 3'd}{nf] -t'jfFnf]h:tf]_ b]lvG5 Tof] cfsfz xf] ls xf]Og <
pQ/— xf]Og .
k|Zg— To;f] eP s] xf] t <
pQ/— cnu–cnu k[YjL, hn / clUgsf] q;/]0f' b]lvG5 . To;df h'g gLnf] b]lvG5 To;n]
clws hn h'g jiff{pF5 ;f] gLn, h'g 3'd}{nf] b]lvG5 Tof] k[YjLb]lv w'nf] p8]/ jfo'df 3'ld/fVb5 ToxL
b]lvG5, / To;}sf] k|ltlaDa hn jf bk{0fdf b]lvG5Ù cfsfzsf] slxNo} xf]Og .
k|Zg— h;/L 36fsfz, d7fsfz, d]3fsfz / dxbfsfzsf] e]b Jojxf/df x'G5g\, To;/L g}
a|Xdsf] a|Xdf08 / cGtMs/0f pkflwsf] e]bn] O{Zj/ / hLj gfd x'G5 . ha 36flb gi6 x'ghfG5 ta
dxfsfz g} elgG5 .
pQ/— of] s'/f] klg cljåfg\x¿sf] xf] . lsgeg] cfsfz slxNo} l5Ì–leÌ x'Fb}g . Jojxf/df klg …3}+6f]
NofpmÚ OToflb Jojxf/ x'G5, s;}n] eGb}g ls 3}+6fsf] cfsfz Nofpm . To;}n] of] s'/f] 7Ls xf]Og .
k|Zg— h;/L ;d'b|sf dfemdf df5f, ls/f / cfsfzsf] dfemdf kIfL cflb 3'Db5g\, To;/L g}
lrbfsfz a|Xddf ;a} cGtMs/0f 3'Db5g\ . tL :jo+ t h8 x'g\, k/Gt' ;j{Jofks k/dfTdfsf] ;Qfn]
h:tf] ls clUgb]lv kmnfd, To:t} r]tg e}/x]sf 5g\ . h:t} ltgLx¿ lx+8\bf–8'Nbf -rnfodfg_ x'g\ /
cfsfz tyf a|Xd l:y/ 5, To;/L g} hLjnfO{ a|Xd dfÌdf s'g} klg bf]if cfpFb}g .
pQ/— ltd|f] of] b[i6fGt klg ;To xf]Og, lsgeg] hf] ;j{JofkL a|Xd ;a} cGtMs/0fx¿df
k|sfzdfg eP/ hLj x'GYof] eg] t ;j{1flb u'0f p;df x'G5 ls x'Fb}g < olb eGb5f} ls cfj/0f x'gfn]
;j{1tf x'Fb}g, ta eg ls a|Xd cfj[t / vl08t jf cvl08t xf] < olb eGb5f} ls cvl08t xf] t
aLrdf s'g} kbf{ x'g ;Sb}g . ha kbf{ 5}g eg] t ;j{1tf lsg xf]Og < olb eGb5f} ls cfˆgf]
:j¿knfO{ e'n]/ cGtMs/0fdf a|Xd km:g uof] ta t a|Xd lgTo d'Qm ePg . k]ml/ a|Xd cGtMs/0fsf]
;fy lx+8\b5 jf lx+8\b}g < ta o:tf] egf}nf ls lx+8\b}g . ha :jo+ rNb}g ta cGtMs/0f hlt–hlt
k"j{ k|fKt b]z 5f]8\b} hfG5 / cufl8–cufl8 hxfF–hxfF ;s{+b} hfg]5, ToxfF–ToxfFsf] a|Xd e|fGt, c1fgL
x'Fb} hfg]5 / hlt–hlt 5f]8\b} hfg]5, ToxfF–ToxfFsf] 1fgL, kljq / d'Qm x'Fb} hfg]5 . Pj+ k|sf/n] ;j{q
;[li6sf a|XdnfO{ cGtMs/0fn] laufg]{5 / aGw–d'lQm klg If0f–If0fdf x'g hfg]5 . h'g ltdLn] eg]
cg';f/ k|df0f x'GYof] eg] t s'g} hLjnfO{ k"j{ b]v]–;'g]sf] :d/0f x'g] lyPg . lsgeg] h'g a|Xdn] b]Vof]
Tof] k[ys\ /Xof] / bf];|f] b]zdf bf];|} a|Xdsf] ;DaGw x'g]5 . h;/L kmnfddf clUgsf] g} bfx k|sfz xf]
kmnfdsf] xf]Og, To;/L g} r]tgtf cGtMs/0fdf a|Xdsf] xf] cfˆgf] xf]Og, ta a|Xd g} stf{, ef]Qmf,
a4 / d'Qm x'g hfg]5 . To;}n] hLj ;a} k[ys\–k[ys\ x'g\ . a|Xd hLj jf hLj a|Xd Ps slxNo} x'Fb}g,
;bf k[ys\–k[ys\ 5g\ .
k|Zg— of] ;a} cWof/f]kdfq} xf] . cyf{t\ cGo j:t'df cGo j:t'sf] :yfkg ug'{nfO{ …cWof/f]kÚ
elgG5, To;/L g} a|Xd j:t'df ;a} hut\ / o;sf] Jojxf/sf] cWof/f]k ugf{n] lh1f;'nfO{ af]w u/fpg
x'G5, jf:tjdf ;a} a|Xd g} xf] .
-k|ltk|Zg_ k|Zg— cWof/f]knfO{ ug]{jfnf sf] xf] <
pQ/— hLj .
k|Zg— hLj s;nfO{ eGb5g\ <
pQ/— cGtMs/0ffjlR5Ì r]tgnfO{ .
k|Zg— cGtMs/0ffjlR5Ì r]tgb]lv bf];|} xf] ls ToxL a|Xd xf] <
pQ/— ToxL a|Xd xf] .
k|Zg— s] To;f] eP a|Xdn] g} cfk"mdf hut\sf] e'm6f] sNkgf u¥of] t <
pQ/— xf], a|XdnfO{ o;af6 s] xflg 5 / <
k|Zg— h;n] ldYof sNkgf ub{5, s] Tof] e'm6f] x'Fb}g / <
pQ/— x'Fb}g . lsgeg] h'g dg, jf0fLn] slNkt jf slyt x'G5, Tof] ;a} e'm6f] xf] .
k|Zg— k]ml/ dg, jf0fLn] e'm6f] sNkgf ug]{ / ldYof af]Ng]jfnf a|Xd slNkt / ldYofjfbL eof]
ls ePg <
pQ/— eof], dnfO{ Oi6fklQ 5 .
jfx /] e'm§f j]bfGtLx¿ Û ltdLn] ;To:j¿k, ;Tosfd, ;To;ÍNk k/dfTdfnfO{ ldYofrf/L
agfOlbof} . s] of] ltd|f] b'u{ltsf] sf/0f xf]Og < s'g pklgifb\, ;"q jf j]bdf n]lvPsf] 5 ls k/d]Zj/
ldYof;ÍNk / ldYofjfbL xf] < lsgls h:t} s'g} …rf]/n] pN6} GofofwLznfO{ b08 lbg]Ú cyf{t\ …rf]/n]
GofofwLznfO{ b08Ú of] syf ltdLdf 36\b5 . GofofwLzn] rf]/nfO{ b08 lbg' t plrt xf] . k/Gt'
rf]/n] GofofwLznfO{ b08 lbg' of] s'/f] ljk/Lt xf] . To;/L g} ltdL ldYof;ÍNk / ldYofjfbL eP/
ToxL cfˆgf] bf]if a|Xddf Joy{} nufpF5f} . olb a|Xd ldYof1fgL, ldYofjfbL / ldYofsf/L x'G5 eg] t
;a} cgGt a|Xd To:t} x'g hfg]5, lsgeg] Tof] Ps /; 5, ;To:j¿k, ;TodfgL, ;TojfbL /
;Tosf/L 5 . oL ;a} bf]if ltd|f x'g\, a|Xdsf] xf]Og . h;nfO{ ltdL ljBf eGb5f} Tof] cljBf / e'm6f]
cWof/f]k xf], lsgeg] cfk"m a|Xd gx'Fbf klg cfk"mnfO{ a|Xd / a|XdnfO{ hLj dfÌ' of] cljBf /
ldYof1fg geP s] xf] t < hf] ;j{Jofks 5 Tof] kl/lR5Ì c1fg / aGwdf slxNo} lub}{g, lsgeg]
c1fg kl/lR5Ì, Psb]zL, cNk, cNk1 hLjdf x'G5, ;j{1 ;j{JofkL a|Xddf xf]Og .
aGw / d'lQmsf] ljifodf j0f{g -(=@_
k|Zg— d'lQm s;nfO{ eGb5g\ <
pQ/—d'~rlGt k[yUejlGt hgf o:of+ ;f d'lQmM d'lQm gfd xf] 5'6]/ hfg'sf] .
k|Zg— s;af6 5'6]/ hfg' <
pQ/— h;af6 5'6\gsf] OR5f ;a} hLjn] ub{5g\ .
k|Zg— s;af6 5'6\gsf] nflu OR5f ub{5g\ <
pQ/— h;af6 5'6\g rfxG5g\ .
k|Zg— s;af6 5'6\g rfxG5g\ <
pQ/— b'Mvaf6 .
k|Zg— 5'6]/ s;nfO{ k|fKt ub{5g\ / sxfF /xG5g\ <
pQ/— ;'vnfO{ k|fKt u/]/ a|Xddf /xG5g\ .
k|Zg— d'lQm / aGw s'g–s'g s'/fn] x'G5 <
pQ/— k/d]Zj/sf] cf1f kfng ugf{n], cwd{, cljBf, s';Ë, s';+:sf/, g/fd|f b'Jo{;gLb]lv
cnu /xg' / ;Toefif0f, k/f]ksf/, ljBf, kIfkft/lxt Gofo–wd{sf] j[l4 ug]{, k"jf]{Qm k|sf/af6
k/d]Zj/sf] :t'lt, k|fy{gf / …pkf;gfÚ sf] cyf{t\ of]ufEof; ug'{Ù ljBf k9\g]–k9fpg] / wd{n] k'?iffy{
u/]/ 1fgsf] pÌlt ug'{Ù ;a} eGbf pQd ;fwgx¿nfO{ ug'{, h]–hlt ul/G5 Tof] ;a} kIfkft/lxt
Gofowdf{g';f/ g} ug]{, OToflb ;fwgx¿af6 …d'lQmÚ / oL b]lv ljk/Lt O{Zj/f1feË ug'{ cflb sfdaf6
…aGwÚ x'G5 .
 k|Zg— d'lQmdf hLjsf] no x'G5 ls ljBdfg /xG5 <
pQ/— ljBdfg /xG5 .
k|Zg— sxfF /xG5 <
pQ/— a|Xddf .
k|Zg— a|Xd sxfF 5 / Tof] d'Qm hLj Ps 7]ufgdf /xG5 ls :j]R5frf/L eP/ ;j{q ljr/0f
ub{5 <
pQ/— h'g a|Xd ;j{q k"0f{ 5, p;}df d'Qm hLj …cJofxtultÚ cyf{t\ To;nfO{ sxL+ /f]sfj6
x'Fb}g, lj1fg cfgGbk"j{s :jtGq ljrb{5 .
k|Zg— d'Qm hLjx¿sf] :y"n z/L/ /xG5 ls /xFb}g <
pQ/— /xFb}g .
k|Zg— k]ml/ To;n] ;'v / cfgGbnfO{ s;/L ef]u ub{5 t <
pQ/— To;sf ;To–;ÍNkflb :jfefljs u'0f–;fdYo{ ;a} /xG5g\, ef}lts;Ë /xFb}g . h:t}—
˘f[0jg\ >f]q+ ejlt, :kz{og\ TjUejlt, kZog\ rIf'e{jlt, /;og\ /;gf ejlt, lh3|g\ 3|f0f+
ejlt, dGjfgf] dgf] ejlt, af]wog\ a'l4e{jlt, r]toFlZrQDejToxª\s'jf{0ff]˜xÍf/f] ejlt ..
—-t'ngf_—ztky a|fXd0f sf08 !$ -#÷@÷!&_ ..
—5fGbf]Uof]klgifb\ -k|kf7s *÷v08 !@÷k|jfs $–%_ ..
df]Ifdf ef}lts z/L/ jf OlGb|ox¿sf uf]ns hLjsf] ;fydf /xFb}g, lsGt' cfˆgf :jefljs z'4
u'0f /xG5g\ . ha ;'Ì rfxG5 ta >f]q, ha :kz{ ug{ rfxG5 ta Tjrf, ha x]g]{ ;ÍNk ub{5 ta
rIf', :jfbsf] cy{df /;gf, uGwsf] cy{df 3|f0f, ;ÍNk—ljsNk ubf{v]l/ dg, lgZro ug{sf] nflu a'l4,
:d/0f ug{sf] nflu lrQ / cxÍf/ ug{sf] nflu cxÍf/¿k cfˆgf] :jzlQmaf6 hLjfTdf d'lQmdf x'g
hfG5 / ;ÍNk OR5fdfq z/L/ x'G5 . h;/L z/L/sf] cfwf/df /x]/ OlGb|ox¿sf uf]nsåf/f hLjn]
:jsfo{ ub{5, To;}/L g} cfˆgf] zlQmn] d'lQmdf ;a} cfgGbnfO{ ef]u ub{5 .
k|Zg— p;sf] zlQm s:tf] k|sf/sf] / slt 5g\ <
pQ/— d'Vo Ps k|sf/sf] zlQm 5 . k/Gt' an, k/fqmd, cfsif{0f, k|]/0ff, ult, eLif0f, ljj]rg,
lqmof, pT;fx, :d/0f, lgZro, OR5f, k|]d, å]if, ;+of]u, ljefu, ;+of]hs, ljefhs, >j0f, :kz{g, bz{g,
:jfbg / uGwu|x0f tyf 1fg oL @$ k|sf/sf] ;fdYo{o'Qm hLj xf] . o;}af6 d'lQmdf klg cfgGbsf]
k|flKt ef]u ub{5 . olb d'lQmdf hLjsf] no x'GYof] eg] t d'lQmsf] ;'vnfO{ s;n] ef]Ug] < / h;n]
hLjsf] nonfO{ dfGb5g\, ltgLx¿ hLjsf] gfznfO{ g} d'lQm ;DemG5g\, ltgLx¿ dxfd"9 x'g\ . lsgeg]
d'lQm hLjsf] of] xf] ls b'Mvx¿af6 5'6]/ cfgGb:j¿k, ;j{Jofks, cgGt k/d]Zj/df hLjx¿
cfgGbn] /xg' . x]/ j]bfGt zf/L/s ;"qx¿df—
cefj+ afbl//fx Xo]jd\ . —j]bfGtzf:q -cWofo $÷kfb $÷;"q !)_ ..
hf] afbl/ Jof;hLsf lktf x'g\, pgn] d'lQmdf hLj / p;sf] ;fy dgsf] efj dfGb5g\ . cyf{t\
hLj / dgsf] no k/fz/hLn] dfGb}gg\, To;/L g}—
efj+ h}ldlglj{sNkfdggft\ . —j]bfGtzf:q -cWofo $÷kfb $÷;"q !!_ ..
/ h}ldlg cfrfo{ d'Qm k'?ifsf] dgsf] ;dfg ;"Id z/L/, OlGb|ox¿, k|f0f cflbsf] klg ljBdfg
dfGb5g\, cefj xf]Og .
åfbzfxjb'eoljw+ afb/fo0ff]˜tM . —j]bfGtzf:q -cWofo $÷kfb $÷;"q !@_ ..
Jof; d'lg d'lQmdf efj / cefj b'O6} dfGb5g\ . cyf{t\ bf]if cljBflb Sn]zflbsf] cefj /
hLj, cGtMs/0f, cfgGb, k|f0f, OlGb|ox¿sf] z'4 efj /xG5 cyf{t\ z'4 ;fdYo{o'Qm hLj d'lQmdf
alg/fVb5 . ckljqtf, kfkfr/0f, b'Mv, c1fgflbsf] cefj dfGb5g\ .
obf k~rfjlti7Gt] 1fgflg dg;f ;x . a'l4Zr g ljr]i6t] tfdfx'M k/df+ ultd\ ..
—s7f]klgifb\ -cWofo @÷jNnL #÷dGq !)_ ..
ha z'4 dgsf] ;fy kfFr 1fg]lGb|o hLjsf] ;fydf /xG5g\ / a'l4sf] lgZro l:y/ x'G5,
To;}nfO{ …k/dultÚ cyf{t\ df]If eGb5g\ .
o cfTdf ckxtkfKdf ljh/f] ljd[To'lj{zf]sf]˜ljlh3T;f]˜lkkf;M ;TosfdM ;To;ÍNkM
;f]˜Gj]i6JoM ; ljlh1fl;tJoM ;jf{+Zr nf]sfgfKgf]lt ;jf{+Zr sfdfg\ o:tdfTdfgdg'ljB ljhfgftLlt ..
—5fGbf]Uof]klgifb\ -cWofo *÷v08 &÷dGq !_ ..
 ; jf Pif Pt]g b}j]g rIf'iff dg;}tfg\ sfdfg\ kZog\ /dt] .
o Pt] a|Xdnf]s] t+ jf Pt+ b]jf cfTdfgd'kf;t] t:dfQ]iffœ ;j]{ r nf]sf cfQfM ;j]{ r sfdfM
; ;jf{+Zr nf]sfgfKgf]lt ;jf{+Zr sfdfg\ o:tdfTdfgdg'ljB ljhfgftLlt .
—5fGbf]Uof]klgifb\ -cWofo *÷v08 !@÷dGq %, ^_ ..
d3jGdTo{+ jf Obœz/L/dfQ+ d[To'gf tb:of˜d[t:of˜z/L/:ofTdgf]˜lwi7fgdfQf] j} ;z/L/M
lk|oflk|ofEof+ g j} ;z/L/:o ;tM lk|oflk|oof]/kxlt/:Toz/L/+ jfj ;Gt+ g lk|oflk|o] :k[ztM ..
—5fGbf]Uof]klgifb\ -cWofo *÷v08 !@÷dGq !_ ..
hf] k/dfTdf ckxtkfKdf, ;j{–kfk, h/f, d[To', zf]s, If'wf, lkkf;fb]lv /lxt, ;Tosfd,
;To;ÍNk 5, p;sf] vf]lh / p;nfO{ hfÌsf] nflu OR5f ug'{kb{5 . p; k/dfTdfsf] ;DaGwn] d'Qm
hLj ;a} nf]sx¿ ;a} sfdx¿nfO{ k|fKt ub{5, p; k/dfTdfnfO{ hfg]/ df]Ifsf] ;fwg / cfk"mnfO{ z'4
ug{ hfGb5 .. ;f] o:tf] d'lQmnfO{ k|fKt hLj z'4 lbJo g]q z'4 dgn] sfdx¿nfO{ b]Vb}, k|fKt eP/
/d0f ub{5 .. h'g oL a|Xdnf]s cyf{t\ bz{gLo k/dfTdfdf l:yt eP/ ;'vnfO{ ef]Ub5g\ / o;}
k/dfTdfsf h'g ls ;a}sf] cGtof{dL cfTdf xf], p;}sf] pkf;gf d'lQmnfO{ k|flKt ug]{jfnf ljåfg\x¿n]
ub{5g\, p;}af6 pgLx¿nfO{ ;a} nf]s / ;a} sfd k|fKt x'G5g\, cyf{t\ h'g–h'g ;ÍNk ub{5g\, Tof]–Tof]
nf]s / ToxL–ToxL sfd k|fKt ub{5g\ / tL d'Qm hLj :y"n z/L/ 5f]8]/ ;ÍNkdo z/L/n] cfsfzdf
k/d]Zj/df ljr{b5g\ . lsgeg] hf] z/L/jfnf x'G5g\, ltgLx¿ ;f+;fl/s b'Mvn] /lxt x'g ;Sb}gg\ ..
h;/L OGb|;Fu k|hfkltn] eg]sf 5g\ ls— x] k/dk"lht wgo'Qm k'?if Û of] :y"n z/L/ d/0fwdL{ 5 /
h;/L l;+xsf] d'vdf afv«f] x'G5, To;/L g} of] z/L/ d[To'sf] d'vsf] aLrdf 5 . pQm z/L/ o; …d/0f
/ z/L//lxtÚ hLjfTdfsf] lgjf;:yfg xf] . o;}n] of] hLj ;'v / b'Mvb]lv ;bf u|l;t /xG5 . lsgeg]
z/L/;lxt hLjsf] ;f+;fl/s k|;Ìtf–ck|;Ìtfsf] lgj[lQ x'Fb}g, / hf] z/L//lxt d'Qm hLjfTdf a|Xddf
/xG5, h;nfO{ ;f+;fl/s ;'v–b'Mvsf] :kz{ klg x'Fb}g lsGt' ;bf cfgGbdf /xG5 .
k|Zg— hLj d'lQmnfO{ k|fKt u/]/ k'gM hGd–d/0f¿k b'Mvdf slxNo} cfpF5 ls cfpFb}g <
lsgls—
g r k'g/fjQ{t] g r k'g/fjQ{t Olt ..!.. —5fGbf]Uof]klgifb\ -cWofo *÷v08 !%÷dGq !_ ..
cgfj[lQM zAbfbgfj[lQM zAbft\ ..@.. —zf/L/s ;"q, j]bfGtzf:q -cWofo $÷kfb $÷;"q @@_ ..
ob\ uTjf g lgjQ{Gt] t4fd k/d+ dd ..#.. —eujb\uLtf -cWofo !%÷Znf]s ^_ ..
To;kl5 kms{+b}g cyf{t\ cfjfudgb]lv d'Qm x'G5 ..!.. a|Xdnf]snfO{ k|fKt u/]sf] d'QmfTdfsf]
k'gM cfudg x'Fb}g ..@.. h'g k/dkbnfO{ k|fKt u/]/ dg'io kms]{/ ;+;f/df cfpFb}g, ToxL d]/f] wfd
xf] ..#.. OToflb jrgx¿af6 ljlbt x'G5 ls d'lQm ToxL xf] ls h;af6 lgj[Q eP/ k'gM ;+;f/df
slxNo} cfpFb}g .
pQ/— of] s'/f] 7Ls xf]Og . lsgeg] j]bdf o; s'/fsf] lgif]w ul/Psf] 5—
kSy? nU/n< k?t/mSya/m&ta?na</ mna?mhe/ caé? de/vSy/ nam? ,

kae nae? m/ýa Aid?tye/ pun?daRt! ip/tr<? c d&/zeY<a? ma/tr<? c .1.

A/GnevR/y< à?w/mSya/m&ta?na</ mna?mhe/ caé? de/vSy/ nam? ,

s nae? m/ýa Aid?tye/ pun?daRt! ip/tr<? c d&/zeY<a? ma/tr<? c .2.

—CUj]b -d08n !÷;"Qm @$÷dGq !–@_ ..
#danIimv svRÇ naTyNtaeCDed> .3. —;f+Vofzf:q ;"q -cWofo !÷;"q !%(_ ..
cy{— [k|Zg— xfdLx¿n] s;sf] gfd kljq hfgf}+ < sf] gfz/lxt kbfy{x¿sf] dWodf jt{dfg
b]j ;bf k|sfz:j¿k 5, xfdLx¿nfO{ d'lQmsf] ;'v ef]ufP/ k'gM o; ;+;f/df hGd lbG5 / dftf tyf
lktfsf] bz{g u/fpFb5 < ..!..
pQ/— xfdLn] o; :jk|sfz:j¿k, cgflb, ;bfd'Qm k/dfTdfsf] gfd kljq hfgf}+, h;n]
xfdLnfO{ d'lQmdf cfgGb ef]ufP/ k[YjLdf k'gM dftf–lktfsf] ;DaGwdf hGd lbP/ dftf–lktfsf] bz{g
u/fpFb5 . ToxL k/dfTdfn] o; k|sf/ d'lQmsf] Joj:yf ub{5 / ;a}sf] :jfdL xf] ..@..
 h;/L o; ;dodf aGw d'Qm hLjx¿ 5g\, To;/L g} ;j{bf /xG5g\ . cToGt ljR5]b aGw jf
d'lQm slxNo} x'Fb}g, lsGt' aGw / d'lQm ;bf /xFb}g ..#..]
k|Zg— tbToGtljdf]Iff]˜kju{M .
b'MvhGdk|j[lQbf]ifldYof1fgfgfd'Q/f]Q/fkfo] tbgGt/fkfofbkju{M ..
—Gofo;"q -cWofo !÷cflÂs !÷;"q @@ ,@_ ..
ha b'Mvsf] cToGt ljR5]b x'G5, To;}nfO{ …d'lQmÚ elgG5 .
lsgeg] ha ldYof 1fg, cljBf, nf]eflb bf]if, ljifo b'i6–Jo;gx¿df k|j[lQ, hGd / b'Mvsf]
pQ/–pQ/x¿ 5'6\gfn] k"j{–k"j{sf] lgj[lQ x'gfn] g} …df]IfÚ xf], h'g rflx+ ;bf alg/xG5 .
pQ/— of] cfjZos 5}g ls cToGt zAb cToGtfefjsf] g} gfd xf]cf];\ . h;/L …cToGt+
b'MvdToGt+ ;'v+ rf:o jQ{t]Ú w]/} b'Mv / w]/} ;'v o; dg'ionfO{ 5 . o;af6 ljlbt x'G5 ls o;nfO{
w]/} b'Mv jf ;'v 5 . o;} k|sf/n] oxfF klg …cToGtÚ zAbsf] cy{ hfÌ'kb{5 .
k|Zg— olb d'lQmaf6 klg hLj k]ml/ cfpF5 eg] t Tof] slt ;do;Dd d'lQmdf /xG5 <
pQ/— t] a|Xdnf]s] x k/fGtsfn] k/fd[tft\ kl/d'RolGt ;j]{ .
—t'ngf [t}=cf= -k|kf=!)÷cg'=#÷Crf @@_Ù d'08sf]klgifb\ -d'=#÷v=@÷d+=^_] ..
tL d'Qm hLj d'lQmdf k|fKt eP/ a|Xddf cfgGbnfO{ ta;Dd ef]u]/ k'gM dxfsNksf] kZrft\
d'lQm–;'vnfO{ 5f]8]/ ;+;f/df cfpF5g\ .
o;sf] ;+Vof of] xf] ls— lqrfnL; nfv aL; xhf/ jif{x¿sf] Ps …rt'o'{uLÚ, b'O{ xhf/
rt'o'{uLx¿sf] Ps …cxf]/fqÚ, o:tf tL; cxf]/fqsf] Ps …dlxgfÚ, o:t} afx| dlxgfsf] Ps …jif{Ú, o:t}
zt–jif{x¿sf] …k/fGtsfnÚ x'G5 . o;nfO{ ul0ftsf] /Lltaf6 oyfjt\ ;Demg'xf];\ . olt ;do d'lQmdf
;'v ef]Ugsf] nflu xf] .
k|Zg— ;a} ;+;f/ / u|Gysf/x¿sf] oxL dt 5 ls h;af6 k'gM hGd–d/0fdf slxNo}
gcfcf];\ .
pQ/— o:tf] s'/f] slxNo} x'g ;Sb}g . lsgeg] k|yd t hLjsf] ;fdYo{, z/L/flb kbfy{ /
;fwg kl/ldt 5g\, k'gM To;sf] kmn cgGt s;/L x'g ;Sb5 < cgGt cfgGbnfO{ ef]Ug] c;Ld
;fdYo{, sd{ / ;fwg hLjdf 5}g, o;}n] cgGt ;'v ef]Ug ;Sb}g . h;sf ;fwg clgTo 5g\,
ltgLx¿sf kmn lgTo slxNo} x'g ;Sb}gg\ . olb d'lQmaf6 sf]xL klg hLj kms]{/ cfPgg\ eg] t
;+;f/sf] …pR5]bÚ cyf{t\ hLj lgZz]if x'g'kg]{ xf] .
k|Zg— hlt hLj d'Qm x'G5g\, O{Zj/n] Tolt g} gofF pTkÌ u/]/ ;+;f/df /flvlbG5, o;}n]
lgZz]if x'Fb}gg\ .
pQ/— olb o:tf] ePdf t hLj clgTo x'g hfg]5 . lsgeg] h;sf] pTklQ x'G5, To;sf] gfz
cjZo x'G5 . k]ml/ ltd|f] dtfg';f/ d'lQm kfP/ klg ljgi6 x'g hfg]5g\ . d'lQm clgTo x'g uof] . ;fy}
d'lQmsf] :yfgdf y'k|} eL8Def8 x'g] eof] . lsgeg] ToxfF cfud clws / Joo s]xL klg gx'gfn]
a9f]Q/Lsf] kf/fjf/ /xg]5}g .
/ b'Mvsf] cg'ejsf] lagf ;'v s]xL klg x'g;Sg] 5}g . h:t} s6' ePg eg] t dw'/ sxfF <
hxfF dw'/ ePg eg] t s6' s]nfO{ eÌ] < lsgeg] Ps :jfbsf] Ps /;sf] lj?4 x'gfn] b'O6}sf] k/LIff
x'G5 . h:t} s'g} dg'ion] dL7f] dw'/ g} vfFb}–lkpFb} uPdf, To;nfO{ To:tf] ;'v x'Fb}g, h:tf] ;a}
k|sf/sf /;x¿ ef]Ug]jfnfnfO{ x'G5 .
olb O{Zj/n] cGtjfnf sd{x¿sf] cgGt kmn lbof] eg] t, p;sf] Gofo gi6 x'g hfG5 . To;
sf/0f h;n] hlt ef/ p7fpg ;Sb5, Tolt g} p;nfO{ af]sfpg a'l4dfgLx¿sf] sfd xf] . h;/L Ps
dg ef/L p7fpg ;Sg]sf] 6fpsfdfly b; dgsf] ef/L af]sfOlbof] eg] t Tof] af]sfOlbg]jfnfsf] lgGbf
x'G5, To;/L g} cNk1 cNk–;fdYo{jfn] hLjdfly cgGt ;'vsf] ef/L af]sfpg', O{Zj/sf] nflu 7Ls
xf]Og .
olb k/d]Zj/n] gofF hLj pTkÌ ub{5 eg] t h'g sf/0fn] pTkÌ x'G5g\, Tof] r'Sg hfg]5 .
lsgeg] rfx] hlt;'s} g} 7"nf] wgsf]z xf];\, k/Gt' h;df Joodfq} 5 cfo 5}g eg] t slxn] g slxn]
of] 6f6 klN6g hfg] 5 . To;}n] oxL Joj:yf 7Ls 5 ls d'lQmdf hfg', jxfFaf6 cfpg' g} /fd|f] xf] . s]
yf]/} sf/fuf/ eGbf …hGd s}bÚ jf …sfnfkfgLÚ cyjf …kmf+;LÚ nfO{ s;}n] /fd|f] dfGnf / < ha jxfFb]lv
cfpg' g} 5}g eg] t …hGd–sf/fuf/Ú eGbf olt g} cGt/ eof] ls jxfF dhb'/L ug{ kb{}g, / a|Xddf
no x'g' ;d'b|df 8'a]/ dg'{ xf] .
k|Zg— h;/L k/d]Zj/ lgTod'Qm, k"0f{–;'vL 5, To;/L g} hLj klg lgTod'Qm / ;'vL /Xof] eg]
t s'g} klg bf]if cfpg] 5}g .
pQ/— k/d]Zj/ cgGt :j¿k, ;fdYo{, u'0f, sd{, :jefjjfnf 5, o;}n] pm slxNo} klg
cljBf / b'Mv aGwgdf lug{ ;Sb}g . hLj d'Qm eP/ klg z'4:j¿k, cNk1 / kl/ldt u'0f–sd{–
:jefjjfnf /xG5, k/d]Zj/sf] ;b[z slxNo} x'g ;Sb}g .
k|Zg— ha o:tf] xf] eg] tÙ d'lQm klg hGd–d/0fsf] ;b[z eof] . o;sf] nflu kl/>d ug'{
Joy{ 5 .
pQ/— d'lQm, hGd–d/0fsf] ;b[z xf]Og . lsgeg] ha;Dd #^,))) -5QL; xhf/_ k6s
pTklQ / k|nosf] hlt ;do x'G5, Tolt g} ;do ko{Gt d'lQmsf] cfgGbdf /xg', b'Mv gx'g' , s] ;fgf]
s'/f xf] t < ha cfh vfG5f}–lkpF5f}, ef]ln k]ml/ ef]s nfUg]jfnf 5, k'gM o;sf] pkfo lsg ub{5f} <
ha If'wf, t[iff, If'b| wg, /fHo, k|lti7f, :qL, ;Gtfg cflbsf] nflu pkfo ug'{ cfjZos 5 eg] t,
d'lQmsf] nflu lsg gug]{ < h;/L dg{ cjZo kg]{5, tfklg hLjgsf] pkfo ug]{ ul/G5, To;/L g}
d'lQmaf6 kms]{/ hGddf cfpg'g} 5, tyflk o;sf] pkfo ug{ cTofjZos 5 <
k|Zg— d'lQmsf s]–s] ;fwg 5g\ <
pQ/— s]xL ;fwg t k|ydd} n]v]/ cfPsf] 5' k/Gt' ljz]if pkfo logLx¿ x'g\— h;n] d'lQm
rfxG5 Tof] …hLjgd'QmÚ cyf{t\ h'g ldYofefif0fflb kfk–sd{x¿sf] kmn b'Mv xf], To;nfO{ 5f]8]/
;'v¿k kmnnfO{ lbg]jfnf ;Toefif0fflb wdf{r/0f cjZo u/f];\ . hf]–s;}n] b'MvnfO{ 5f]8\g / ;'vnfO{
k|fKt ug{ rfxG5, To;n] cwd{nfO{ 5f]8]/ wd{ cjZo ug'{ . lsgeg] b'Mvsf] kfkfr/0f / ;'vsf]
wdf{r/0f d"n sf/0f xf] .
k|yd ;fwg— ;Tk'?ifx¿sf] ;Ën] …ljj]sÚ cyf{t\ ;Tof˜;To, wdf{˜wd{, sQ{Jof˜sQ{Josf]
lgZro cjZo u/f];\, k[ys\–k[ys\ hfgf];\ / …z/L/Ú cyf{t\ hLj k~rsf]zx¿sf] ljj]rg u/f];\ . Ps
…cÌdoÚ h'g Tjrfb]lv lnP/ cl:yko{Gtsf] ;d'bfo k[YjLdo 5 . bf];|f]— …k|f0fdoÚ h;df …k|f0fÚ cyf{t\
h'g leqaf6 aflx/ hfG5, …ckfgÚ h'g aflx/af6 leq cfpF5, …;dfgÚ h'g gfle:y x'Fb} ;j{q z/L/df
/; k'¥ofpF5, …pbfgÚ h;af6 s07:y cÌ–kfg lvlrP/ cfpF5 / an–k/fqm x'G5, …JofgÚ h;af6 ;a}
z/L/df r]i6f cflb sd{ hLjn] ub{5 . t];|f]— …dgf]doÚ h;df dgsf] ;fy cxÍf/, jfs\, kfb, kfl0f,
kfo' / pk:y u/]/ kfFr sd{ OlGb|ox¿ x'g\ . rf}yf]— …lj1fgdoÚ h;df a'l4, lrQ, >f]q, Tjrf, g]q,
lhÃf / gfl;sf oL kfFr 1fg]lGb|ox¿, h;af6 hLjn] 1fgflb Jojxf/ ub{5 . kfFrf}+— …cfgGbdosf]zÚ
h;df k|Llt–k|;Ìtf, Go"g cfgGb, clwsfgGb, cfgGb / ;fwf/0f sf/0f¿k k|s[lt xf] . log}nfO{ …kfFr
sf]ifÚ elgG5 . log}b]lv hLjn] ;a} k|sf/sf] sd{, pkf;gf / 1fgflb Jojxf/x¿ ub{5 . tLg cj:yf
5g\— klxnf] …hfu[tÚ bf];|f] …:jKgÚ / t];|f] …;'if'lKtÚ cj:yf elgG5 . tLg z/L/ 5g\— klxnf] …:y"nÚ
h'g of] b]lvG5 . bf];|f]— kfFr k|f0f, kfFr 1fg]lGb|o, kfFr ;"Id–e"t / dg tyf a'l4 log} ;q t¤jsf]
;d'bfonfO{ …;"Idz/L/Ú elgG5 . oxL ;"Id z/L/ hGdd/0fflbdf klg hLjsf] ;fydf /xG5 . o;sf
b'O{ e]b 5g\— klxnf] …ef}ltsÚ cyf{t\ h'g ;"Id–e"tx¿sf] c+zn] ag]sf] 5 . bf];|f] …:jfefljsÚ h'g
hLjsf] :jfefljs u'0f ¿k xf] . of] bf];|f] …cef}ltsÚ z/L/ d'lQmdf klg /xG5 . o;}af6 hLjn] d'lQmdf
;'vnfO{ ef]Ub5 . t];|f] sf/0f— h;df …;'if'lKtÚ cyf{t\ uf9f lgb|f x'G5, Tof] k|s[lt¿k x'gfn] ;j{q lje'
/ ;a} hLjx¿sf] nflu Ps xf] . rf}yf] …t'/LoÚ z/L/ To;nfO{ elgG5— h;df ;dflwaf6 k/dfTdfsf]
cfgGb¿kdf dUg hLj x'G5g\ . o;} ;dflw ;+:sf/hGo z'4 z/L/sf] k/fqmd d'lQmdf klg oyfjt\
;xfos /xG5 . oL ;a} sf]if, cj:yfx¿b]lv hLj k[ys\ 5 . lsgeg] ha d[To' x'G5, ta sf]xLn]
eGb5g\ ls hLj lgSn]/ uof] . lsgeg] oxL hLj ;a}sf] k|]/s, ;a}sf] wtf{, ;fIfL, stf{, ef]Qmfsf]
gfdn] lrlgG5 . olb s;}n] eGb5 ls hLj stf{–ef]Qmf xf]Og, ta To;nfO{ hfÌ' ls Tof] c1fgL,
cljj]sL xf] . lsgeg] lagf hLjsf] oL hlt klg ;a} h8 kbfy{x¿ 5g\, logLx¿nfO{ ;'v–b'Mvsf] ef]u
jf kfk–k'0o–st[{Tj slxNo} x'g ;Sb}g . xf], logsf] ;DaGwn] ubf{ hLj kfk–k'0ox¿sf] stf{ / ;'v–
b'Mvsf] ef]Qmf x'G5 . ha OlGb|ox¿ cy{x¿df, dg OlGb|ox¿df / cfTdf dgsf] ;fy ;+o'Qm eP/
k|f0fnfO{ k|]/0ff u/]/ /fd|f–g/fd|f sd{x¿df nufpF5, ta g} Tof] alxd'{v x'g hfG5 . To;} j]nf leqaf6
cfgGb, pT;fx, lge{otf / g/fd|f sd{x¿df, eo, zÍf, nHhf pTkÌ x'G5, Tof] cGtof{dL k/dfTdfsf]
lzIff xf] . hf]–s;}n] o; lzIffsf] cg's"n jQ{G5, Tof] d'lQmhGo ;'vnfO{ k|fKt x'G5, / hf] ljk/Lt
jQ{G5, Tof] aGwhGo b'Mv ef]Ub5 .
bf];|f] ;fwg— …j}/fUoÚ cyf{t\ h;n] ljj]såf/f ;Tof˜;TonfO{ hfg]sf] 5, To;af6 ;Tofr/0fsf]
u|x0f / c;Tofr/0fsf] Tofu ug'{, ljj]s of] xf]— h'g k[YjLb]lv lnP/ k/d]Zj/–ko{Gt kbfy{x¿sf] u'0f,
sd{, :jefjn] hfg]/— To;sf] cf1f–kfng / pkf;gfdf tTk/ x'g', To;b]lv lj?4 grNg', ;[li6af6
pksf/ lng' ljj]s elgG5 .
tTkZrft\ t];|f] ;fwg— …if6\s ;DklQÚ cyf{t\ 5M k|sf/sf] sd{ ug'{ . Ps— …zdÚ h;af6
cfˆgf] cfTdf / cGtMs/0fnfO{ cwdf{r/0fb]lv x6fP/, wdf{r/0fdf ;bf k|j[Q /fVg' . bf];|f]— …bdÚ
h;af6 >f]qflb OlGb|ox¿ / z/L/sf] Jolerf/flb g/fd|f sd{b]lv x6fP/, lht]lGb|oTjfbL z'e sd{x¿df
k|j[Q /fVg' . t];|f]— …pk/ltÚ h;af6 b'i6sd{ ug]{ k'?ifx¿b]lv ;bf 6f9f /xg' . rf}yf]— …ltltIffÚ rfx]
lgGbf, :t'lt, xflg, nfe slt g} lsg gxf];\, k/Gt' xif{–zf]snfO{ 5f]8]/ d'lQm–;fwgx¿df ;bf
nflu/xg' . kfFrf}+— …>4fÚ h'g j]bflb ;To zf:q / logsf] af]wn] k"0f{ cfKt ljåfg\ ;Tof]kb]i6f
dxfzox¿sf] jrgdf ljZjf; ug'{ . 5}6f}+— …;dfwfgÚ lrQsf] Psfu|tfÙ oL 5M ldn]/ Ps ;fwg t];|f]
elgG5 .
rf}yf]— …d'd'If'TjÚ cyf{t\ h;/L If'wf–t[ifft'/nfO{ l;jfo cÌ–hnsf] bf];|f] s]xL klg /fd|f]
nfUb}g, To;/L g} lagf d'lQmsf] ;fwg / d'lQm afx]s, bf];|fdf k|Llt gx'g'Ù oL rf/ ;fwg / rf/
…cg'aGwÚ cyf{t\ ;fwgx¿sf] kZrft\ oL sd{ ug'{kg]{ x'G5— logLx¿df h'g k'?if oL rf/ ;fwgn] o'Qm
x'G5, ToxL g} df]Ifsf] …clwsf/LÚ x'G5 . bf];|f]— …;DaGwÚ a|Xdsf] k|flKt¿k d'lQm k|ltkfB / j]bflb–
zf:q–k|ltkfbsnfO{ oyfjt\ a'e]m/ clGjt ug'{ . t];|f]— …ljifoLÚ ;a} zf:qx¿sf] k|ltkfbg–ljifo a|Xd
p;sf] k|flKt¿k ljifojfnf k'?ifsf] gfd ljifoL xf] . rf}yf]— …k|of]hgÚ ;a} b'Mvx¿sf] lgj[lQ /
k/dfgGbnfO{ k|fKt u/]/ d'lQm–;'vsf] x'g', oL rf/nfO{ …cg'aGwÚ eGb5g\ .
tbgGt/ …>j0frt'i6oÚ -(=#_
Ps— …>j0fÚ ha s'g} ljåfg\n] pkb]z ub{5 ta zfGt, Wofg lbP/ ;'Ì', ljz]if u/]/
a|XdljBfnfO{ ;'Gbfv]l/ cToGt Wofg lbg'kb{5, lsgeg] of] ;a} ljBfx¿df ;"Id ljBf xf] . ;'g]/
bf];|f]— …dggÚ PsfGt b]z -7fpF_ df a;]/ ;'g]sf] s'/fnfO{ ljrf/ ug'{, h'g s'/fdf zÍf p7\b5 k'gM
;f]Wg' / ;'Gbfv]l/ klg jQmf / >f]tfn] plrt ;DemG5g\ eg] t ;f]Wg' / ;dfwfg ug'{ . t];|f]—
…lglbWof;gÚ ha ;'g]/ / dgg u/]/ lgM;Gb]x x'G5 ta …;dflw:yÚ eP/ To; s'/fnfO{ Wofg of]uaf6
x]g{'–a'‰g' ls Tof] h:tf] ;'lgPsf] lyof], ljrf/ ubf{ To:t} 5 ls 5}g . rf}yf] – …;fIffTsf/Ú cyf{t\ h:tf]
kbfy{sf] :j¿k, u'0f / :jefj x'G5, To:t} oyftYo hflglng'nfO{,— …>j0frt'i6oÚ eGb5g\ .
;bf tdf]u'0f cyf{t\ qmf]w, dlngtf, cfn:o, k|dfb cflbÙ /hf]u'0f cyf{t\ O{iof{, å]if, sfd,
cledfg, ljIf]k cflb bf]ifx¿b]lv cnu eP/ ;¤j cyf{t\ zfGt k|s[lt, kljqtf, ljBf, ljrf/ cflb
u'0fx¿nfO{ wf/0f u/f];\ . -d}qL_ ;'vL hgx¿df ldqtf, -s?0ff_ b'MvL hgx¿dfly bof, -d'lbtf_
k'0ofTdfx¿b]lv xlif{t x'g', -pk]Iff_ b'i6fTdfx¿;Fu g t k|Llt g t j}/ ug'{ .
lgTok|lt Go"g eGbf Go"g b'O{ 306f–ko{Gt d'd'If' Wofg cjZo u/f];\, h;af6 leqsf dg cflb
kbfy{ ;fIfft\ x'g ;s"g\ . x]/ Û cfˆgf r]tg:j¿k 5g\, o;}af6 1fg:j¿k / dgsf] ;fIfL x'G5 .
lsgeg] ha dg zfGt, r~rn, cfglGbt jf ljiffbo'Qm x'G5, To;nfO{ oyfjt\ b]lvG5 . To;/L g}
OlGb|ox¿–k|f0f cflbsf] 1ftf, k"j{b[i6sf] :d/0fstf{ / Ps sfndf cg]s kbfy{x¿sf] j]Qf,
wf/0ffsif{0fstf{ / ;a} eGbf k[ys\ 5 . olb k[ys\ x'Gy]g eg] t :jtGq, stf{, logsf k|]/s, clwi7ftf,
slxNo} x'g ;Sy]g .
cljBf˜l:dtf/fuå]ifflelgj]zfM k~r Sn]zfM . —of]uzf:q -kfb @÷;"q #_ ..
oL dWo]df …cljBfÚ sf] :j¿k elgof] . k[ys\ jt{dfg a'l4nfO{ cfTdfb]lv leÌ g;Demg'
…cl:dtfÚ xf] . ;'vdf k|Llt …/fuÚ . b'Mvdf ck|Llt …å]ifÚ / ;a} k|f0fLdfqnfO{ of] OR5f ;b}j /xG5 ls
æd ;bf z/L/:y /x"F, gd¿FÆ d[To' b'Mvb]lv qf;nfO{ …cleg]j]zÚ eGb5g\ . oL kfFr} Sn]zx¿nfO{
of]ufEof;, lj1fgn] 5'6fOlbPkl5 a|XdnfO{ k|fKt u/]/, d'lQmsf] k/dfgGbnfO{ ef]Ug'kb{5 .
k|Zg— h:tf] d'lQm tkfO{+n] dfÌ'x'G5, To:tf] cGo s;}n] dfGb}g . x]/ Û h}gLx¿ df]Iflznf /
lzjk'/df uP/ r'krfk al;/xg'Ù O{zfO{ rf}yf] cfsfz, h;df ljjfx n8fO{+ afhf–ufhf j:qflb
wf/0faf6 cfgGb ef]Ug'Ù To;/L g} d';ndfg ;ftf}+ cfsfzÙ jfddfuL{ >Lk'/Ù z}jdfuL{ s}nfzÙ lji0f'dfuL{
j}s'07 / uf]s'nLo uf];fO{ uf]nf]s cflbdf uP/ pQd :qL, cÌ, kfg, j:q, :yfg cflbnfO{ k|fKt u/]/
cfgGbdf /xgsf] nflu d'lQm dfGb5g\ . kf}/fl0fsx¿ -;fnf]So_ O{Zj/sf] nf]sdf lgjf;, -;fg'Ho_
;fgf] efOs} ;b[z O{Zj/sf] ;fydf /xg', -;f¿Ko_ h:tf] pkf;gLo b]jsf] cfs[lt 5, To:t} aÌ',
-;fdLKo_ ;]jssf] ;dfg O{Zj/sf] ;dLkdf /xg', -;fo'Ho_ O{Zj/;Fu ;+o'Qm x'g hfg'Ù oL rf/ k|sf/sf]
d'lQm dfGb5g\ .
j]bfGtLx¿ a|Xddf no x'g'nfO{ df]If dfGb5g\ .
pQ/— h}gL -!@_ afx|f}+, O{;fO{ -!#_ t]x|f}+ / -!$_ rf}wf}+ ;d'Nnf;df d';ndfgx¿sf] d'lQm cflb
ljifo ljz]if u/]/ n]lvg]5 . h'g jfddfuL{ >Lk'/df uP/ nIdLs} ;b[z :qLx¿, dB–df+;flb vfg'–
lkpg', /Ë–/fu ef]u ug'{nfO{ dfGb5g\, Tof] oxfFsf] eGbf s]xL ljz]if ePg, To;/L g} dxfb]j / lji0f'sf]
;b[z cfs[ltjfnf kfj{tL / nIdLs} ;b[z :qLo'Qm eP/ cfgGb ef]Ug', oxfFsf wgf9Ø /fhfx¿ eGbf
clws, olt g} n]lvG5 ls æjxfF /f]u gxf]nf / o'jfj:yf /xnfÆ, of] ltgLx¿sf] s'/f] ldYof xf] .
lsgeg] hxfF ef]u, jxfF /f]u, hxfF /f]u jxfF j[4fj:yf cjZo x'G5 . ;fy} kf}/fl0fsx¿;Fu ;f]Wg'kb{5 ls
h:tf] ltd|f] rf/ k|sf/sf] d'lQm 5, To:tf] t s[ld–sL6–ktË–kZjflbnfO{ klg :jtMl;4 k|fKt 5,
lsgeg] oL hlt nf]s 5g\ tL ;a} O{Zj/sf x'g\, log}df ;a} hLjx¿ /xG5g\, o;}n] …;fnf]SoÚ d'lQm
cgfof; g} k|fKt 5 . ;fdLKo— O{Zj/ ;j{q JofKt x'gfn] ;a} p;sf ;dLkdf 5g\, o;}n] …;fdLKoÚ
d'lQm :jtMl;4 5 . hLj O{Zj/ eGbf ;a} k|sf/n] ;fgf] / r]tg x'gfn] :jtM aGw'jt\ 5, o;}n]
…;fg'HoÚ d'lQm klg lagf k|oTgn] l;4 5 . / ;a} hLj ;j{Jofks k/dfTdfdf JofKo x'gfn] ;+o'Qm 5g\,
o;af6 …;fo'HoÚ d'lQm klg :jtMl;4 5 . k]ml/ cGo ;fwf/0f gfl:tsx¿ dgf{n] tŒjx¿df tŒj ldn]/
d'lQm dfGb5g\, Tof] t s's'/, uwf cflbnfO{ klg k|fKt 5 .
oL d'lQmx¿ xf]Ogg\ lsGt' Ps k|sf/sf] aGwg xf] . lsgeg] ltgLx¿ lzjk'/, df]Iflznf, rf}yf]
cfsfz, ;ftf}+ cfsfz, >Lk'/, s}nfz, j}s'07, uf]nf]snfO{ Psb]zdf :yfg–ljz]if dfGb5g\ . olb
ltgLx¿ tL :yfgb]lv k[ys\ ePdf t d'lQm 5'6\g]5 . To;}n] h;/L !@ 9'Ëfsf] leq b[li6aGw x'G5,
To;s} ;dfg aGwgdf x'G5g\ . d'lQm t Tof] xf] ls hxfF OR5f x'G5 ToxfF ljr/f];\, sxL klg
gc8\lsof];\ . g eo, g zÍf, g b'Mv x'G5 . h'g hGd xf] Tof] …pTklQÚ / dg'{ …k|noÚ elgPsf] 5 .
;dodf hGd lnG5g\ .
k|Zg— hGd Ps xf] ls cg]s <
pQ/— cg]s .
k|Zg— olb cg]s xf] eg] t k"j{ hGd / d[To'sf] s'/fsf] lsg :d/0f x'Fb}g <
pQ/— hLj cNk1 xf], lqsfnbzL{ xf]Og, To;}n] :d/0f /xFb}g . k]ml/ h'g dgn] 1fg ub{5,
To;n] klg Ps ;dodf b'O6f 1fg ug{ ;Sb}g . k"j{ hGdsf] s'/f t 6f9f /xglbg'xf];\, o;} b]xdf ha
ue{df hLj lyof], z/L/ aGof], kZrft\ hlGdof], kfFrf}+ jif{b]lv k"j{;Ddsf] h]–h] s'/f eP, ltgnfO{
:d/0f lsg ug{ ;Sb}g < / hfu[t jf :jKgdf y'k|} Jojxf/ k|ToIf u/]/ ha …;'if'lKtÚ cyf{t \ uf9f lgb|f
x'G5, ta hfu[tflb Jojxf/x¿nfO{ lsg ;d/0f ug{ ;Sb}g < / ltdL;Fu s;}n] ;f]wf];\ ls afx| jif{sf]
k"j{ t]x|f}+ jif{sf] kfFrf}+ dlxgfsf] gjf}+ lbgsf] bz ah]/ Ps ldg6 hfFbf ltdLn] s] u/]sf lyof} < ltd|f]
d'v, xft, sfg stfkl§ kms]{sf lyP < / dgdf s] ljrf/ lyof] < ha o;} z/L/df o:tf] xfn 5 eg]
t k"j{–hGdsf] s'/fsf] :d/0fdf zÍf ug'{ s]jn n8skgsf] s'/f x'G5 . ;fy} h'g :d/0f x'Fb}g o;}
sf/0fn] g} hLj ;'vL 5, gq eg] t ;a} hGdsf] b'Mvx¿nfO{ x]bf{x]b}{ b'MvL eP/ dg]{ lyof] . olb s;} n]
k"j{ / kl5sf] hGdsf] jt{dfgnfO{ hfÌ rfx]df klg hfÌ ;Sb}g, lsgeg] hLjsf] 1fg / :j¿k cNk
5 . of] s'/f] O{Zj/sf] nflu hfÌ of]Uo xf], hLjsf] nflu xf]Og .
k|Zg— ha hLjnfO{ k"j{sf] 1fg x'Fb}g / O{Zj/n] To;nfO{ b08 lbG5 eg] t hLjsf] ;'wf/ x'g
;Sb}g . lsgeg] ha ltgLx¿sf] kfksd{x¿nfO{ hgfP/ b08 b]cf];\ cyf{t\ ltgnfO{ 1fg xf];\ ls
xfdLn] cd's sfd u/]sf lyof}+, To;}sf] of] kmn xf], ta g} hLjn] tL g/fd|f sfdx¿b]lv aRg
;Sb5 <
pQ/— ltdLn] 1fg slt k|sf/sf] dfGb5f} <
jfbL k|Zg— k|ToIfflb k|df0fx¿af6 cf7 k|sf/sf] .
k|ltjfbL -pQ/_— To;f] eP ltdLn] hGd]b]lv lnP/ ;do–;dodf /fh, wg, a'l4, ljBf,
bfl/b|Ø, lga{'l4, d"v{tf cflb ;'v–b'Mv ;+;f/df b]v]/ k"j{–hGdsf] 1fg lsg ub}{gf} < h:t} Ps j}B /
Ps cj}BnfO{ s'g} /f]u nfUof], To;sf] lgbfg cyf{t\ sf/0f j}Bn] hfGb5 t/ cljåfg\n] hfÌ ;Sb}g .
p;n] j}BsljBf k9]sf] 5 t/ bf];|fn] k9]sf] 5}g . k/Gt' Hj/f]v/f] x'Fbf cj}Bn] klg olt t hfÌ
;Sb5 ls dnfO{ s'g} s'kYo ePsf] 5, h;n] ubf{ Hj/f] cfPsf] 5 . To;/L g} hut\df ljlrq ;'v–
b'Mv cflbsf] 36\bf]–a9\bf]nfO{ b]v]/ k"j{hGdsf] cg'dfg lsg nufpg ;Sb}gf} < olb k"j{ hGdnfO{
dfGb}gf} eg] t k/d]Zj/ kIfkftL x'g hfG5 . lsgeg] lagf kfksf] bfl/b|Øflb b'Mv / lagf k"j{;l~rt
k'0osf] /fHo, wgf9Øtf / a'l4 To;nfO{ lsg lbof] < / k"j{hGdsf] kfk–k'0osf] cg';f/ b'Mv–;'vnfO{
lbgfn] k/d]Zj/ Gofosf/L oyfjt\ /xG5 .
k|Zg— Ps hGd x'gfn] klg k/d]Zj/ Gofosf/L x'g ;Sb5 . h:t} ;jf]{kl/ /fhfn] h] ub{5 Tof]
Gofo . h;/L dfnLn] cfˆgf] pkjgdf ;fgf / 7"nf j[If nufpF5, s'g}nfO{ sf6\5, pv]N5 / s;}nfO{
/Iff u/]/ a9fpF5 . h;sf] h'g j:t' xf], p;n] To;nfO{ rfx] h;/L /fvf];\ . p;dfly sf]xL klg bf];|f]
Gofo ug]{jfnf x'Fb}g, h;n] p;nfO{ b08 lbg ;sf];\, O{Zj/ jf c¿ s;};Fu 8/fcf];\ .
pQ/— k/dfTdf h;sf] nflu Gofo rfxG5 ub{5, cGofo slxNo} ub}{g, o;}n] pm k"hgLo /
7"nf] 5 . h;n] Gofolj?4 ub{5, Tof] O{Zj/ x'g ;Sb}g . h;/L dfnL o'lQmsf] lagf ;8sdf cyjf
c:yfgdf j[If nufpg], g sf6\g of]UonfO{ sf6\g], cof]UonfO{ a9fpg], of]UonfO{ ga9fpgfn] b"lift
x'G5, o;} k|sf/ lagf sf/0fsf] ugf{n] O{Zj/nfO{ bf]if nfUb5 . k/d]Zj/sf] dfly Gofoo'Qm sfd ug'{
cjZo kb{5, lsgeg] pm :jefjb]lv g} kljq / Gofosf/L 5 . olb pGdQn] sfd ub{5 eg] t
hut\sf] >]i7 GofofwLz eGbf klg Go"g / ck|ltli7t x'g hfG5 . s] o; hut\df lagf of]Uotfsf]
pQd sfd ug]{nfO{ k|lti7f / b'i6 sfd ug]{nfO{ lagf b08 lbg]jfnf lgGbgLo / ck|ltli7t x'Fb}g <
o;}n] O{Zj/ cGofo ub}{g / pm s;};Fu 8/fpFb}g .
k|Zg— k/dfTdfn] k|ydb]lv g} h;sf] nflu hlt lbg' 5, Tof] ljrf/]sf] 5, Tolt g} lbG5 /
hlt yf]/} ug'{ 5, Tolt g} 36fpF5 .
pQ/— p;sf] ljrf/ hLjx¿sf] sdf{g';f/ x'G5, cGoyf xf]Og . olb cGoyf eof] eg] t, ToxL
ck/fwL cGofosf/L x'G5 .
k|Zg— 7"nf–;fgfsf] Ps}vfn]h:tf] ;'v–b'Mv x'G5 . 7"nfnfO{ 7"n} lrGtf / ;fgfnfO{ ;fg}
lrGtf . h:t}— s'g} ;fx"sf/sf] ljjfb /fh3/fgfdf nfv ?k}ofFsf] 5, pm cfˆgf] 3/af6 kfnsLdf
a;]/ srx/Ldf pi0fsfndf hfG5 . ahf/df hfFb} u/]sf] b]v]/ c1fgLx¿n] eGb5g\ ls— æx]/ k"j{
hGdsf] kfk / k'0osf] k|ToIf kmn oxL xf] ls Pp6f kfnsLdf cfgGbn] a;]sf] 5, / csf{ rflx+ lagf
h'Qfsf] tn–dflyaf6 tkfodfg x'Fb} kfnsLnfO{ af]s]/ n}hfFb}5g\ .Æ k/Gt' a'l4dfgLx¿ o;df o:tf]
hfGb5g\ ls hlt–hlt srx/L lgs6 cfpF5, Tolt–Tolt ;fx"sf/nfO{ 7"nf] zf]s / ;Gb]x a9\b} hfG5,
/ 8f]n]x¿nfO{ cfgGb x'Fb} hfG5 . ha srx/Ldf k'Ub5g\ ta ;]7hLn] otf–ptf hfg] ljrf/ ub{5 ls
k|f8\ljjfs\ -Öjlsn_ sxfF hfpFm of Oi6ldqsxfF . cfh xf5'{ ls lhT5', s] xf]nf < / 8f]n]x¿ tdfv"
agfpFb} vfG5g\ / k|;Ì x'Fb} cfgGbdf ;'Tb5g\ . olb ;fx"n] lht]df t s]xL ;'v / xf/]df t ;]7hL
b'Mv;fu/df 8'Ag]5g\, 8f]n]x¿ t h:tfsf t:t} /xG5g\ . o;} k|sf/ ha /fhf ;'Gb/ sf]dn la5f}gfdf
;'t] klg lgb|f cfpFb}g / dhb'/ lu§L, 9'Ëf, afn'jf / df6f]df ;'Tb5, To;nfO{ plTgv]/} lgb|f nfUb5,
o:t} ;j{q hfÌ' .
pQ/— o:tf] a'emfO c1fgLx¿sf] xf] . s] s'g} ;fx"sf/nfO{ eÌ] ls tF 8f]n] ag\ / 8f]n]x¿nfO{
eÌ] ls ltdLx¿ ;fx"sf/ ag, ;fx"sf/ slxNo} 8f]n] aGb}g / 8f]n]x¿ ;fx"sf/ aÌ rfxG5g\ . olb
;'v–b'Mv a/fa/ x'GYof] eg] t cfˆgf]–cfˆgf] cj:yf 5f]8]/ tNnf] / pkNnf] b'O6}n] aÌ rfxFb}gg\ .
x]/ Û Ps hLj ljåfg\, k'0ofTdf, >Ldfg\ /fhfsL /fgLsf] ue{df cfpF5 / bf];|f] dxfbl/b|sL :qLsf]
ue{df cfpF5 . Pp6fnfO{ ue{b]lv lnP/ ;j{yf ;'v / csf]{nfO{ ;a} k|sf/sf] b'Mv ldNb5 . Pp6f ha
hGdG5, ta ;'Gb/ ;'ulGwo'Qm hnflbn] :gfg, o'lQmn] gf8L–5]bg, b'Uwkfgflb oyfof]Uo k|fKt x'G5 .
ha p;n] b"w lkpg rfxG5, ta p;nfO{ ld>L cflb ldnfP/ oy]i6 ldNb5 . To;nfO{ k|;Ì /fVgsf]
nflu gf]s/–rfs/, v]nf}gf, ;jf/L, pQd :yfgx¿df dfof–k|]d / clws cfgGb ldNb5 . csf{sf]
hGd jgdf x'G5, :gfgsf] nflu hn klg kfpFb}g, ef]s nfu]sf] j]nfdf b"w t hxfF ;'s} hfcf];\ pN6f]
yKk8 cyjf d'8\sL kfpF5 . cToGt cft{:j/n] ?G5, s;}n] ;f]Wb}gg\, OToflb hLjx¿nfO{ lagf k'0o–
kfksf] ;'v–b'Mv x'gfn] k/d]Zj/dfly bf]if cfpF5 .
 bf];|f] h;/L lagf sd{ gul/sg} ;'v–b'Mv ldNb5 eg] t cufl8 :ju{–g/s klg gx'g'kg]{ .
lsgeg] h;/L k/d]Zj/n] o; ;dodf lagf sd{x¿sf] ;'v–b'Mv lbPsf] 5, To:t} d/]kl5 klg
h;nfO{ rfxG5 :ju{df / h;nfO{ rfxG5 g/sdf k7fOlbg]5 . k'gM ;a} hLjx¿ cwd{o'Qm x'g
hfg]5g\, wd{ lsg ug]{ < lggls wd{sf] kmn ldNgdf ;Gb]x 5 . k/d]Zj/sf] xftdf 5 . h:tf] p;nfO{
k|;Ìtf x'g]5, To:t} u¥of] eg] t kfk–sd{x¿df eo geP/ ;+;f/df kfksf] j[l4 / wd{sf] Ifo x'g
hfg]5 . o;}n] k"j{hGdsf] kfk–k'0osf] cg';f/–jt{dfg hGd / jt{dfg tyf k"j{hGdsf] sdf{g';f/
eljiot\ hGd x'G5g\ .
k|Zg— dg'io / cGo k˘jflbsf] z/L/df hLj Ps}gf; 5g\ ls leÌ–leÌ hfltsf] <
pQ/— hLj Ps}gf;sf 5g\ . k/Gt' kfk–k'0osf] of]un] ubf{ dlng / kljq x'G5g\ .
k|Zg— dg'iosf] hLj kZjflbdf / kZjflbsf] hLj dg'iosf] z/L/df / :qLsf] k'?ifdf, k'?ifsf]
:qLsf] z/L/df cfpg]–hfg] ub{5 ls ub}{g <
pQ/— xf], cfpg]–hfg] ub{5 .
k|Zg— s'g k|sf/n] cfpg]–hfg] ub{5 <
pQ/— ha kfk a9\b5, k'0o Go"g x'G5, ta dg'iosf] hLj kZjflb gLr z/L/ / ha wd{
clws tyf cwd{ Go"g x'G5 ta …b]jÚ cyf{t\ ljåfg\x¿sf] z/L/ ldNb5 / ha kfk–k'0o a/fa/ x'G5
ta ;fwf/0f dg'io–hGd x'G5 . o;df klg k'0o–kfksf] pQd, dWod / lgs[i6 x'gfn] dg'ioflbdf klg
pQd, dWod / lgs[i6 z/L/flb ;fdfu|Ljfn] x'G5g\, / ha clws kfksf] kmn kZjflb z/L/df ef]u
ub{5g\, k'gM kfk–k'0osf] t'No /xgfn] dg'io z/L/df cfpF5 / k'0osf] kmn ef]u]/ k]ml/ klg dWo:y
dg'iosf] z/L/df cfpF5 . ha z/L/af6 lgSnG5 p;}sf] gfd …d[To'Ú / z/L/sf] ;fy ;+of]u x'gfsf]
gfd …hGdÚ xf] . ha z/L/ 5f]8\b5 ta …odfnoÚ cyf{t\ cfsfz:y jfo'df /xG5 . lsgeg] …od]gÚ
[CUj]b -!)÷!$÷*_], …jfo'gfÚ [cyj{j]b -@)÷!$!÷@_] j]bdf n]lvPsf] 5 ls …odÚ gfd jfo'sf] xf],
u?8k'/f0fsf] slNkt od xf]Og, o;sf] ljz]if v08g–d08g P3f/f}+ ;d'Nnf;df n]Vg]5' . kZrft\
…wd{/fhÚ cyf{t\ k/d]Zj/n] To; hLjsf] kfk–k'0ofg';f/ hGd lbG5 .
Tof] jfo', cÌ, hn cyjf z/L/sf] l5b|åf/f bf];|fsf] z/L/df O{Zj/sf] k|]/0ffn] k|lji6 x'G5 . Tof]
k|lji6 x'Fb} qmdzM jLo{df uP/, ue{df l:yt x'Fb}, z/L/ wf/0f u/]/ aflx/ cfpF5 . olb :qLsf] z/L/
wf/0f ug{of]Uo sd{x¿ ePdf t :qL, / k'?ifsf] z/L/ wf/0f ug{of]Uo sd{x¿ ePdf t k'?ifsf]
z/L/df k|j]z ub{5, / gk'+;s ue{sf] l:ylt ;do :qL–k'?ifsf] z/L/df ;DaGw u/]/ ck'i6 /h–jLo{sf]
a/fa/ x'gfn] o:tf] x'g hfG5 . o;} k|sf/ gfgf k|sf/sf] hGd–d/0fdf ta;Dd hLj kl//fVb5 ls
ha;Dd pQd sdf]{kf;gf–1fgsf] cf>o u/]/ d'lQm kfpFb}g . lsgeg] pQd sdf{lb ugf{n] dg'iodf
pQd hGd / d'lQmdf dxfsNk ko{Gt hGd–d/0f–b'Mvx¿af6 /lxt eP/ cfgGbdf /xG5 .
k|Zg— d'lQm Ps hGddf x'G5 ls cg]s hGddf <
pQ/— cg]s hGddf . lsgeg]—
leBt] Åbou|lGylZ5BGt] ;j{;+zofM . IfLoGt] rf:o sdf{l0f tl:dGb[i6] k/f˜j/] ..
—d'08sf]klgifb\ -d'08s @÷v08 @÷dGq *_ ..
ha o; hLjsf] Åbosf] cljBf–c1fg¿kL ufF7f] sfl6G5, ;a} ;+zo l5Ì x'G5g\ / b'i6 sd{
IfonfO{ k|fKt x'G5, ta} p; k/dfTdf h'g ls cfˆgf] cfTdfsf] leq / aflx/ JofkL/x]sf] 5, p;}df
lgjf; ub{5 .
k|Zg— d'lQmdf hLj k/d]Zj/df ldNb5 ls k[ys\ /xG5 <
pQ/— k[ys\ /xG5 . lsgeg] olb ldNof] eg] t d'lQmsf] ;'v s;n] ef]Ug] / d'lQmsf hlt klg
;fwg 5g\, tL ;a} lgikmn x'g hfg]5g\ . of] d'lQm t xf]Og, lsGt' hLjsf] k|no hfÌ'kb{5 . ha hLj
k/d]Zj/sf] cf1fkfng, pQd sd{, ;T;Ë, of]ufEof;, k"jf]{Qm ;a} ;fwg ub{5, p;}n] d'lQm kfpF5 .
;To+ 1fgdgGt+ a|Xd of] j]b lglxt+ u'xfof+ k/d] Jof]dg\ .
;f]˜Zg't] ;jf{g\ sfdfg\ ;x a|Xd0ff ljklZrt]lt .
—t}lQ/Lof]klgifb\ -a|XdfgGbjNnL÷cg'jfs !_ ..
h'g hLjfTdf cfˆgf] a'l4 / cfTdfdf l:yt ;To1fg / cgGt–cfgGb:j¿k k/dfTdfnfO{
hfGb5, Tof] p; Jofks¿k a|Xddf l:yt eP/ p; …ljklZrt\Ú cgGtljBfo'Qm a|Xdsf] ;fy ;a}
sfdx¿nfO{ k|fKt ub{5 . cyf{t\ h'g–h'g cfgGbsf] sfdgf ub{5, To;–To; cfgGbnfO{ k|fKt ub{5,
o;}nfO{ …d'lQmÚ eGb5g\ .
k|Zg— h;/L z/L/sf] lagf ;f+;fl/s ;'v ef]u ug{ ;Sb}g, To;/L d'lQmdf lagf z/L/ cfgGb
s;/L ef]Ug ;Sb5 <
pQ/— o;sf] ;dfwfg dfly g} u/]/ cfPsf] 5', oxfF olt clws eGb5' ls ;'g— h;/L
;f+;fl/s ;'v z/L/sf] cfwf/n] ef]Ub5, To;/L g} k/d]Zj/sf] cfwf/n] d'lQmsf] cfgGbnfO{ hLjfTdfn]
ef]Ub5 . Tof] d'Qm hLj cgGt Jofks a|Xddf :jR5Gb 3'Db}, z'4 1fgn] ;a} ;[li6nfO{ x]b}{, cGo
d'Qmx¿l;t ldn]/, ;[li6ljBfnfO{ qmd}b]lv x]b,}{ ;a} nf]s–nf]sfGt/x¿df cyf{t\ hlt oL nf]sx¿
b]lvG5g\ / b]lv+b}gg\, tL ;a}df 3'Db5 . To;n] ;a} kbfy{x¿nfO{–h'g ls p;sf] 1fgsf] ;fd'Ì] 5g\–
;a}nfO{ x]b{5 . hlt 1fg clws x'G5, p;nfO{ Tolt g} clws cfgGb x'G5 . d'lQmdf hLjfTdf lgd{n
x'gfn] k"0f{ 1fgL eP/ p;nfO{ ;a} ;lÌlxt kbfy{x¿sf] efg oyfjt\ x'G5 . oxL ;'vljz]if …:ju{Ú /
ljifo–t[i0ffdf km;]/ b'Mvljz]if ef]u ug'{nfO{ …g/sÚ elgG5 . …:jMÚ ;'vsf] gfd xf] . …:jM ;'v+ uR5lt
ol:dg\ ; :ju{M, ctf] ljk/Ltf] b'Mvef]uf] g/s OltÚ h'g ;f+;fl/s ;'v xf], Tof] …;fdfGo :ju{Ú / h'g
k/d]Zj/sf] k|flKtaf6 cfgGb x'G5 ToxL …ljz]if :ju{Ú elgG5 . ;a} hLj :jefjaf6} ;'vk|flKtsf] OR5f
/ b'Mvsf] ljof]u x'g rfxG5g\, k/Gt' ha;Dd wd{ ub}{gg\ / kfk 5f]8\b}gg\, ta;Dd ltgLx¿nfO{
;'vsf] ldNg' / b'Mvsf] 5'6\g' x'g]5}g . lsgeg] h;sf] …sf/0fÚ cyf{t\ d"n x'G5, Tof] slxNo} gi6 x'Fb}g .
h;/L—
l5Ì] d"n] j[Iff] gZolt tyf kfk] IfL0f] b'Mv+ gZolt .
h;/L d"n sfl6g hfgfn] j[If gi6 x'G5, To;/L g} kfknfO{ 5f]8\gfn] b'Mv gi6 x'G5 . x]/ Û
dg':d[ltdf kfk / k'0osf] y'k|} k|sf/sf] ult—
dfg;+ dg;}jfod'ke'ª\Q]m z'ef˜z'ed\ . jfrf jfrf s[t+ sd{ sfo]g}j r sflosd\ ..!..
z/L/h}M sd{bf]if}of{lt :yfj/tf+ g/M . jflrs}M klIfd[utf+ dfg;}/GTohflttfd\ ..@..
of] ob}iff+ u'0ff] b]x] ;fsNo]gfltl/Rot] . ; tbf tb\u'0fk|fo+ t+ s/f]lt z/Ll/0fd\ ..#..
;Œj+ 1fg+ tdf]˜1fg+ /fuå]iff} /hM:d[td\ . PtåØflKtdb]t]iff+ ;j{e"tfl>t+ jk'M ..$..
tq oTk|Llt;+o'Q+m lsl~rbfTdlg nIfo]t\ . k|zfGtldj z'4fe+ ;Œj+ tb'kwf/o]t\ ..%..
oQ' b'Mv;dfo'Qmdk|Llts/dfTdgM . tb|hf]˜k|lt3+ ljBft\ ;tt+ xfl/ b]lxgfd\ ..^..
oQ' :ofGdf]x;+o'QmdJoQ+m ljifofTdsd\ . ck|tSo{dlj1]o+ td:tb'kwf/o]t\ ..&..
qof0ffdlk r}t]iff+ u'0ffgf+ oM kmnf]boM . cu|Øf] dWof] h3GoZr t+ k|jIofDoz]iftM ..*..
j]bfEof;:tkf] 1fg+ zf}rldlGb|olgu|xM . wd{lqmofTdlrGtf r ;flŒjs+ u'0fnIf0fd\ ..(..
cf/De?lrtf˜w}øo{d;Tsfo{kl/u|xM . ljifof]k;]jf rfh;|+ /fh;+ u'0fnIf0fd\ ..!)..
nf]eM :jKgf]˜w[ltM qmf}o{+ gfl:tSo+ leÌj[lQtf . oflri0f'tf k|dfbZr tfd;+ u'0fnIf0fd\ ..!!..
oTsd{ s[Tjf s'j{+Zr sl/io+Zr}j nHhlt . tH1]o+ ljb'iff ;j{+ tfd;+ u'0fnIf0fd\ ..!@..
o]gfl:dGsd{0ff nf]s] VofltldR5lt k'isnfd\ . g r zf]rTo;DkQf} tlå1]o+ t' /fh;d\ ..!#..
oT;j]{0f]R5lt 1ft'+ oÌ nHhlt rfr/g\ . o]g t'iolt rfTdf:o tT;Œju'0fnIfd\ ..!$..
td;f] nIf0f+ sfdf] /h;:Tjy{ pRot] . ;Œj:o nIf0f+ wd{M >]i7Ød]iff+ oyf]Q/d\ ..!%..
—dg':d[lt -cWofo !@÷Znf]s *–(, @%–##, #%–#*_ ..
dg'io o; k|sf/ cfˆgf] >]i7, dWo / lgs[i6 :jefjnfO{ hfg]/ pQd :jefjsf] u|x0fÙ dWo /
lgs[i6sf] Tofu u/f];\ / of] klg lgZro hfgf];\ ls h'g hLj dgn] z'e jf cz'e sd{ ub{5 To;nfO{
dgaf6, jf0fLn] u/]sf] jf0fL / z/L/af6 u/]sf] z/L/af6} ;'v–b'Mv ef]Ub5 ..!.. hf] g/ z/L/af6 rf]/L,
k/:qLudg, >]i7x¿nfO{ dfg]{ cflb b'i6 sd{ ub{5, To;nfO{ j[Ifflb :yfj/sf] hGd, jf0fLaf6 ul/Psf]
kfk sd{x¿sf] nflu kIfL / d[uflb, tyf dgaf6 ul/Psf] b'i6 sd{x¿sf] nflu rf08fn cflbsf] z/L/
ldNb5 ..@.. h'g u'0f oL hLjx¿sf] b]xdf clwstfn] jQ{G5, ToxL u'0fn] p; hLjnfO{ cfˆgf] ;b[z
u/fpFb5 ..#.. ha cfTdfdf 1fg x'G5 ta …;ŒjÚ, ha c1fg /xG5 ta …tdÚ, / ha /fu–å]ifdf cfTdf
nfUb5 ta …/hf]u'0fÚ hfÌ'kb{5 . oL tLg k|s[ltsf u'0f ;a} ;+;f/:y kbfy{x¿df JofKt eP/
/xG5 ..$.. To;sf] ljj]s o; k|sf/n] ug'{kb{5 ls ha cfTdfdf k|;Ìtf, dg k|;Ì, k|zfGtsf] ;b[z
z'4efgo'Qm jQf]{;\, ta ;Demg' ls ;Œju'0f k|wfg / /hf]u'0f tyf tdf]u'0f ck|wfg 5g\ ..%.. ha
cfTdf / dg b'Mv;+o'Qm, k|;Ìtf/lxt, ljifodf otf–ptf udg–cfudgdf nfUb5 eg], ta ;Demg' ls
/hf]u'0f k|wfgÙ ;Œju'0f / tdf]u'0f ck|wfg 5g\ ..^.. ha …df]xÚ cyf{t\ ;f+;fl/s kbfy{x¿df km;]sf]
cfTdf / dg x'G5, ha cfTdf / dgdf s]xL ljj]s /xFb}g, ljifox¿df cf;Qm, ts{–ljts{–/lxt,
hfÌof]Uo x'Fb}g, ta lgZro ;Demg'kb{5 ls o; ;dodf ddf tdf]u'0f k|wfg / ;Œju'0f tyf /hf]u'0f
ck|wfg 5g\ ..&.. ca oL tLg u'0fx¿sf] pQd, dWod / lgs[i6 kmnf]bo x'G5, To;nfO{ atfOG5 ..*..
ha ;Œju'0fsf] pbo x'G5, ta j]bx¿sf] cEof;, wdf{g'i7fg, 1fgsf] j[l4, kljqtfsf] OR5f,
OlGb|ox¿sf] lgu|x, wd{–lqmof / cfTdfsf] lrGtg x'G5, oxL ;Œju'0fsf] nIf0f xf] ..(.. ha /hf]u'0f
pbo x'G5Ù ;Œj / tdf]u'0fsf] c:tefj x'G5, ta cf/Dedf ?lrtf, w}o{ Tofu, c;t\ sd{x¿sf] u|x0f,
lg/Gt/ ljifox¿sf] ;]jfdf k|Llt x'G5, ta ;lDemg' ls /hf]u'0f k|wfgtfn] ddf jlQ{/x]sf] 5 ..!)..
ha tdf]u'0fsf] pbo x'G5Ù / b'O6}sf] cfGtef{j x'G5, ta cToGt …nf]eÚ cyf{t\ ;a} kfkx¿sf] d"n
a9\b5, cToGt cfn:o / lgb|f, w}o{sf] gfz, q"m/tf x'g', …gfl:tSoÚ cyf{t\ j]b / O{Zj/df >4f g/xg',
leÌ–leÌ cGtMs/0fsf] j[lQ / Psfu|tfsf] cefj, hf] s;};Fu …ofrgfÚ cyf{t\ dfUg', …k|dfbÚ cyf{t\
dBkfgflb b'i6 Jo;gx¿df km:g hfg', ta ;lDemg' ls tdf]u'0f ddf jlQ{/x]sf] 5 ..!!.. of] ;a}
tdf]u'0fsf] nIf0fnfO{ ljåfg\n] hfÌof]Uo 5 ls ha cfˆgf] cfTdf h'g sd{ u/]/, ub}{ / ug{sf] nflu
OR5faf6 nHhf, zÍf / eonfO{ k|fKt x'G5, ta hfÌ' ls ddf k|j[4 tdf]u'0f 5 ..!@.. h'g sd{n] o;
nf]sdf hLjfTdf k'isn k|l;l4 rfxG5, bl/b|tf x'Fbf klg rf/0f, ef6 cflbnfO{ bfg lbg 5f]8 \b}g, ta
;Demg' ls ddf /hf]u'0f k|an 5 ..!#.. / ha dg'iosf] cfTdf ;a};Fu hfÌ rfxG5, u'0f u|x0f ub}{
hfG5, /fd|f sd{df nHhf gu/f];\ / h'g sd{n] cfTdf k|;Ì x'G5 cyf{t\ wdf{r/0fdf g} ?lr /x]df, ta
;Demg' ls ddf ;Œju'0f k|an 5 ..!$.. tdf]u'0fsf] nIf0f sfd, /hf]u'0fsf] cy{–;+u|xsf] OR5f /
;Œju'0fsf] nIf0f wd{;]jf ug'{ xf], k/Gt' tdf]u'0f eGbf /hf]u'0f / /hf]u'0f eGbf ;Œju'0f >]i7 xf] ..!%..
ca h'g–h'g u'0fn] h'g–h'g ultdf hLjn] k|fKt ub{5, To;sf] af/]df cufl8 n]lvG5—
b]jTj+ ;flŒjsf oflGt dg'ioTj~r /fh;fM . lto{STj+ tfd;f lgToldTo]iff lqljwf ultM ..!..
:yfj/fM s[ldsL6fZr dT:ofM ;kf{Zr sR5kfM . kzjZr d[ufZr}j h3Gof tfd;L ultM ..@..
xl:tgZr t'/ËfZr z"b|f Dn]R5fZr ulx{tfM . l;+xf Jof3|f j/fxfZr dWodf tfd;L ultM ..#..
rf/0ffZr ;'k0ff{Zr k'?iffZr}j bflDesfM . /Iff+l; r lkzfrfZr tfd;Lif"Qdf ultM ..$..
emNnf dNnf g6fZr}j k'?iffM z:qj[QoM . B"tkfgk|;QmfZr h3Gof /fh;L ultM ..%..
/fhfgM IflqofZr}j /f1f+ r}j k'/f]lxtfM . jfbo'4k|wfgfZr dWodf /fh;L ultM ..^..
uGwjf{ u'Xosf oIff lja'wfg'r/fZr o] . ty}jfK;/;M ;jf{ /fh;Lif"Qdf ultM ..&..
tfk;f otof] ljk|f o] r j}dflgsf u'0ffM . gIfqfl0f r b}TofZr k|ydf ;flŒjsL ultM ..*..
oHjfg Cifof] b]jf j]bf Hof]tL+lif jT;/fM . lkt/Zr}j ;fWofZr låtLof ;fl¤jsL ultM ..(..
a|Xdf ljZj;[hf] wDdf]{ dxfgJoQmd]j r . pQdf+ ;fl¤jsLd]tf+ ultdfx'd{gLlif0fM ..!)..
OlGb|of0ff+ k|;Ë]g wd{:of;]jg]g r . kfkfG;+oflGt ;+;f/fgljåf+;f] g/fwdfM ..!!..
—dg':d[lt -cWofo !@÷Znf]s $), $@–%), %@_ ..
hf] dg'io ;fl¤js 5g\ ltgLx¿ …b]jÚ cyf{t\ ljåfg\Ù hf] /hf]u'0fL x'G5g\ ltgLx¿ dWod dg'ioÙ
/ hf] tdf]u'0fo'Qm x'G5g\, ltgLx¿n] gLr ultnfO{ k|fKt ub{5g\ ..!.. hf] cToGt tdf]u'0fL x'G5g\,
ltgLx¿ :yfj/ j[Ifflb, s[ld, ls/f, df5f], ;k{, s5'jf, kz' / d[usf] hGd k|fKt ub{5g\ ..@.. Hff] dWod
tdf]u'0fL x'G5g\, ltgLx¿ xfQL, 3f]8f, z"b|, Dn]R5, lglGbt sfd ug]{x¿, l;+x, Jof3|, …j/fxÚ cyf{t\
;'Fu'/sf] hGd k|fKt ub{5g\ ..#.. hf] pQd tdf]u'0fL 5g\, ltgLx¿ …rf/0fÚ h;n] sljtf / d'Qms Pj+
zfo/L agfP/ dg'iox¿sf] k|z+;f ub{5g\, ;'Gb/ kIfL / …bf+lesÚ k'?if cyf{t\ cfˆgf] d'vn] cfˆg}
k|z+;f ug]{x¿, …/fIf;Ú h'g lx+;s, …lkzfrÚ / cgfrf/L cyf{t\ dBflbsf cfxf/stf{ / dlng x'G5g\ .
Tof] ;a} pQd tdf]u'0fsf] sd{sf] kmn xf] ..$.. …emNnfÚ cyf{t\ sf]bfnf] cflbn] tnfa cflb vÌ]x¿,
…dNnfÚ cyf{t\ 8'Fuf cflb rnfpg]jfnfx¿, …g6Ú hf] afF; cflb snfdf s'b\g]–r9\g]–plqg] cflb ub{5g\,
z:qwf/L e[To, B"t / dBkfgdf cf;Qm x'g]x¿, o:tf] hGd gLr /hf]u'0fsf] kmn xf] ..%.. hf] dWod
/hf]u'0fL x'G5g\, ltgLx¿ /fhf, Iflqoj0f{:y /fhfx¿sf k'/f]lxt, jfbljjfb ug]{x¿, b"t, k|f8\ljjfs
-jlsn, a}l/i6/_, o'4–ljefusf cWoIfsf] hGd ldNb5 ..^.. hf] pQd /hf]u'0fL x'G5g\ ltgLx¿ -uGwj{_
ufOg]x¿, -u'Xos_ jflbq ahfpg]jfnfx¿, -oIf_ wgf9Ø, ljåfg\x¿sf ;]js / …cK;/fÚ cyf{t\ pQd
¿kjfnL :qLsf] hGd kfpF5g\ ..&.. hf] tk:jL, olt–;+Gof;L, j]bkf7L, ljdfgnfO{ rnfpg]x¿, Hof]ltifL
/ …b}ToÚ cyf{t\ b]xkf]ifs dg'io x'G5g\, ltgnfO{ k|yd ;¤ju'0fsf] sd{sf] kmn hfÌ' ..*.. hf] dWod
;¤ju'0fo'Qm eP/ sd{ ub{5g\, tL hLjx¿ o1stf{, j]bfy{ljt\, ljåfg\, j]b, ljB't\ cflb, / sfn–
ljBfsf 1ftf, /Ifs, 1fgL / …;fWoÚ sfo{l;l4sf] nflu ;]jg ug{ of]Uo cWofkssf] hGd kfpF5g\ ..(..
hf] pQd ;¤ju'0fo'Qm eP/ pQd sd{ ub{5g\, ltgLx¿ …a|XdfÚ ;a} j]bx¿sf j]Qf, …ljZj;[hÚ ;a}
;[li6qmd ljBfnfO{ hfg]/ ljljw ljdfgflb ofgx¿nfO{ agfpg]jfnf, wfld{s, ;jf]{Qd a'l4o'Qm /
cJoQmsf] hGd / k|s[ltjlzTj l;l4nfO{ k|fKt ub{5g\ ..!).. hf] OlGb|ox¿sf] jzdf eP/ ljifoL,
wd{nfO{ 5f]8]/ cwd{ ug]{ cljåfg\ 5g\, tL dg'iox¿df …gLr–hGdÚ g/fd|f]–g/fd|f] b'Mv¿k hGd
kfpF5g\ ..!!.. o; k|sf/n] ;¤j, /h / tdf]u'0fo'Qm j]un] h'g–h'g k|sf/sf] sd{ hLjn] ub{5, To;–
To;nfO{ To;}–To;} k|sf/sf] kmn k|fKt x'G5 .
hf] d'Qm x'G5g\, ltgLx¿ …u'0fftLtÚ cyf{t\ ;a} u'0fx¿sf] :jefjdf gkm;]/, dxfof]uL eP/
d'lQmsf] ;fwfg u¿g\ . lsgeg]—
of]ulZrQj[lQlg/f]wM ..!..
tbf b|i6'M :j¿k]˜j:yfgd\ ..@.. —of]uzf:q ;"q -;dflwkfb÷;"q !, #_ ..
dg'io /hf]u'0f–tdf]u'0f–o'Qm sd{x¿n] dgnfO{ /f]s]/, z'4 ;¤ju'0fo'Qm x'Fb} kZrft\ To;sf]
lg/f]w u/]/ …Psfu|Ú cyf{t\ Ps k/dfTdf / wd{o'Qm sd{ logsf] cu|efudf lrQnfO{ /f]s]/ /fVg',
…lg?4Ú cyf{t\ ;a}lt/af6 dgsf] j[lQnfO{ /f]Sg' ..!.. ha lrQ Psfu| / lg?4 x'G5 ta ;asf …b|i6fÚ
O{Zj/sf] :j¿kdf hLjfTdfsf] l:ylt x'G5 ..@.. OToflb ;fwg d'lQmsf] nflu ug'{ . /—
cy lqljwb'MvfToGtlgj[lQ/ToGtk'?iffy{M .. —;f+Vozf:q ;"q -cWofo !÷;"q !_ ..
h'g …cfWoflTdsÚ cyf{t\ z/L/–;DaGwL kL8f, h'g …cflwef}ltsÚ c¿ k|f0fLx¿af6 b'MvL x'g',
…cflwb}ljsÚ h'g cltj[li6, clttfk, cltzLt, dg OlGb|ox¿sf] r~rntfaf6 x'G5, o; …lqljw b'MvÚ
nfO{ 5'6fP/ d'lQm kfpg' …cToGt k'?iffy{Ú xf] .
o;sf] cufl8 cfrf/, cgfrf/ / eIof˜eIosf] ljifodf n]lvg]5 .
Olt >Ld2ofgGb;/:jtL:jfldlgld{t] ;Tofy{k|sfz]
;'efifflje"lift] ljBf˜ljBfaGwdf]Ifljifo]
gjdM ;d'Nnf;M ;Dk"0f{M ..(..

 -!)_ bzf}+ ;d'Nnf;
cfrf/–cgfrf/ / eIo–ceIosf] ljifodf JofVof
cfrf/ / cgfrf/sf] ljifodf j0f{g -!)=!_
ca cfrf/ cyf{t\ h'g wd{o'Qm sd{x¿sf] cfr/0f, ;'zLntf, ;Tk'?ifx¿sf] ;Ë / ;låBfsf]
u|x0fdf ?lr cflb …cfrf/Ú / o;b]lv ljk/LtnfO{ cgfrf/ eGb5g\, o;sf] af/]df n]lvG5—
ljåb\leM ;]ljtM ;b\lelg{Todå]if/fluleM . Åbo]gfEog'1ftf] of] wd{:tlÌaf]wt ..!..
sfdfTdtf g k|z:tf g r}j]xf:Tosfdtf . sfDof] lx j]bflwudM sd{of]uZr j}lbsM ..@..
;ÍNkd"nM sfdf] j} o1fM ;ÍNk;DejfM . j|tflg odwdf{Zr ;j]{ ;ÍNkhfM :d[tfM ..#..
csfd:o lqmof sflrb\ b[Zot] g]x slx{lrt\ . oBl4 s'?t] lsl~rt\ tQTsfd:o r]li6td\ ..$..
j]bf]˜lvnf] wd{d"n+ :d[ltzLn] r tlåbfd\ . cfrf/Zr}j ;fw"gfdfTdg:t'li6/]j r ..%..
;j{Gt' ;dj]Io]b+ lglvn+ 1fgrIf'iff . >'ltk|fdf0otf] ljåfg\ :jwd]{ lgljz]t j} ..^..
>'lt:d[To'lbt+ wd{dg'lti7g\ lx dfgjM . Ox sLlQ{djfKgf]lt k|]To rfg'Qd+ ;'vd\ ..&..
>'lt:t' j]bf] lj1]of] wd{zf:q+ t' j} :d[ltM . t] ;jf{y]{ijdLdf+:o] tfEof+ wdf]{ lx lga{ef} ..*..
of]˜jdGo]t t] d"n] x]t'zf:qf>ofb\ låhM . ; ;fw'lea{lxisfof]{ gfl:tsf] j]blgGbsM ..(..
j]bM :d[ltM ;bfrf/M :j:o r lk|odfTdgM . PtRrt'lj{w+ k|fx'M ;fIff4d{:o nIf0fd\ ..!)..
cy{sfd]ij;Qmfgf+ wd{1fg+ ljwLot] . wd{+ lh1f;dfgfgf+ k|df0f+ k/d+ >'ltM ..!!..
j}lbs}M sd{leM k'0o}lg{if]sflblå{hGdgfd\ . sføo{M z/L/;+:sf/M kfjgM k|]To r]x r ..!@..
s]zfGtM iff]8z] jif]{ a|fXd0f:o ljwLot] . /fhGoaGwf]åf{lj+z] j}Zo:o åØlws] ttM ..!#..
—dg':d[lt -cWofo @÷Znf]s !–$, ^, *–!#, @^, ^%_ ..
dg'iox¿n] ;bf o; s'/fdf Wofg lbg'kb{5 ls h;sf] ;]jg /fu–å]if /lxt ljåfg\x¿n] lgTo
u¿g\, h;nfO{ …ÅboÚ cyf{t\ cfTdfn] ;To–st{JonfO{ hfgf];\, ToxL wd{ g} dfggLo / s/0fLo
;Demf];\ ..!.. lsgeg] o; ;+;f/df cToGt sfdfTdtf / lgisfdtf >]i7 x'Fb}g . j]bfy{–1fg / j]bf]Qm–
sd{ oL ;a} sfdgfaf6 g} l;4 x'G5g\ ..@.. olb s;}n] eGb5 ls d lgl/R5 / lgisfd x"F, jf x'g hfpFm
t o:tf] slxNo} x'g ;Sb}g . lsgeg] ;a} …sfdÚ cyf{t\ o1, ;Toefif0fflb–j|t, od, lgod¿kL wd{
;a} ;ÍNkaf6 g} aGb5g\ ..#.. lsgeg] h'g–h'g x:t, kfb, g]q, dg cflb rnfOG5, tL ;a} sfdgfaf6
g} rNb5g\ . olb OR5f x'Fb}g eg] t cfFvf lrDng' / vf]Ng' klg x'Fb}gYof] ..$.. o;}n] ;Dk"0f{ j]b,
dg':d[lt tyf Clifk|0fLt zf:q, ;Tk'?ifx¿sf] cfrf/ / h'g–h'g sd{df cfˆgf] cfTdf k|;Ì /xG5
cyf{t\ eo, zÍf, nHhf h;df x'Fb}g, tL sd{x¿sf] ;]jg ug{ plrt x'G5 . x]/ Û ha s'g} dg'io
ldYofefif0f, rf]/L cflbsf] OR5f ub{5 eg] Tolt j]n} p;sf] cfTdfdf eo, zÍf, nHhf pTkÌ cjZo
x'G5, To;}n] Tof] sd{ ug{of]Uo xf]Og eÌ] yfxf nfUb5 ..%.. dg'io ;Dk"0f{ zf:q, j]b, ;Tk'?ifx¿sf]
cfrf/, cfˆgf] cfTdfsf] clj?4 /fd|f] t/xn] ljrf/ u/]/ 1fgg]q p3fb}{ >'lt–k|df0faf6 :jfTdfg's"n
wd{df k|j]z u/f];\ ..^.. lsgeg] hf] dg'ion] j]bf]Qm wd{ / hf] j]b;Fu clj?4 :d[To'Qm wd{sf] cg'i7fg
ub{5, To;n] o; nf]sdf sLlt{ / d/]kl5 klg ;jf]{Qd ;'vnfO{ k|fKt ub{5 ..&.. …>'ltÚ j]b / …:d[ltÚ
wd{zf:qnfO{ eGb5g\, logLx¿af6 ;a} sQ{Jof˜sQ{Josf] lgZro ug'{kb{5 ..*.. hf] s;}n] j]b /
j]bfg's"n cfKtu|Gyx¿sf] ckdfg ub{5 eg], To;nfO{ >]i7 hgx¿n] hfltafXo ul/lbg' . lsgeg]
h;n] j]bsf] lgGbf ub{5 eg] t ToxL …gfl:tsÚ xf] eÌ] hfÌ' ..(.. o;}n] j]b, :d[lt, ;Tk'?ifx¿sf]
cfrf/ / cfˆgf] cfTdfsf] 1fgb]lv clj?4 lk|ofr/0f, oL rf/ wd{sf …nIf0fÚ cyf{t\ log}af6 wd{
nlIft x'G5 ..!).. k/Gt' hf] b|Jox¿sf] nf]edf / …sfdÚ cyf{t\ ljifo;]jfdf km;]sf] 5}g, To;}nfO{
wd{sf] 1fg x'G5 . h;n] wd{nfO{ hfÌ] OR5f ub{5, p;sf] nflu j]b g} k/d k|df0f xf] ..!!.. To;}n]
;a} dg'ionfO{ of] plrt 5 ls j]bf]Qm k'0o¿k sd{x¿n] a|fXd0f, Iflqo, j}Zon] cfˆgf ;Gtfgx¿sf]
lgif]sflb ;+:sf/ u/f];\, h;n] o; hGd jf k/hGdnfO{ kljq ub{5 ..!@.. a|fXd0f j0f{sf ;f]x|f}+,
Iflqosf afO{;f}+ / j}Zosf rf}aL;f}+ jif{df …s]zfGt–sd{Ú / d'08g ug'{kb{5, cyf{t\ o; ljlwsf] kZrft\
s]jn lzvf /fv]/ cGo bf/L, h'Fuf / skfn ;bf kmfNb} /fVg'kb{5 cyf{t\ slxNo} g/fVg', / zLtk|wfg
b]zdf cfˆgf] jf; / sfdfrf/ 5 eg], rfx] k~rs]z /fvf];\ / hxfF clt pi0f b]z 5 eg] t ;a}
lzvf–;lxt klg 5]bg u/fpg'kb{5, lsgeg] lz/df skfn /xgfn] pi0ftf clws x'G5 / To;n] ubf{
a'l4 sd x'g hfG5 . bf/L–h'uF f /fVgfn] ef]hg–kfg /fd|f];Fu x'Fb}g / plR5i6 klg /pFx¿df /xg
hfG5 ..!#..
OlGb|of0ff+ ljr/tf+ ljifo]ijkxfl/if' . ;+od] oTgdflti7]lååfGoGt]j jflhgfd\ ..!..
OlGb|of0ff+ k|;Ë]g bf]ifd[R5To;+zod\ . ;lÌoDo t' tfGo]j ttM l;l4+ lgoR5lt ..@..
g hft' sfdM sfdfgfd'kef]u]g zfDolt . xljiff s[i0fjTd]{j e"o Pjflej4{t] ..#..
j]bf:TofuZr o1fZr lgodfZr tkf+l; r . g ljk|b'i6efj:o l;l4+ uR5lGt slx{lrt\ ..$..
jz] s[Tj]lGb|ou|fd+ ;+oDo r dg:tyf . ;jf{g\ ;+;fwo]byf{glIf0jg\ of]ut:tg'd\ ..%..
>'Tjf :k[i6\jf r b[i6\jf r e'STjf 3|fTjf r of] g/M . g Åiolt Unfolt jf ; lj1]of] lht]lGb|oM ..^..
gfk[i6M s:olrb\ a|"ofÌ rfGofo]g k[R5tM . hfgÌlk lx d]wfjL h8jNnf]s cfr/]t\ ..&..
ljQ+ aGw'j{oM sd{ ljBf ejlt k~rdL . Ptflg dfGo:yfgflg u/Lof] oBb'Q/d\ ..*..
c1f] ejlt j} afnM lktf ejlt dGqbM . c1+ lx afnldTofx'M lkt]To]j t' dGqbd\ ..(..
g xfog}g{ klnt}g{ ljQ]g g aGw'leM . CifoZrlqm/] wd{+ of]˜g"rfgM ; gf] dxfg\ ..!)..
ljk|f0ff+ 1fgtf] Ho}i7Ø+ Iflqof0ff+ t' jLo{tM . j}Zofgf+ wfGowgtM z"b|f0ffd]j hGdtM ..!!..
g t]g j[4f] ejlt o]gf:o klnt+ lz/M . of] j} o'jfKowLofg:t+ b]jfM :ylj/+ ljb'M ..!@..
oyf sfi7dof] x:tL oyf rd{dof] d[uM . oZr ljk|f]˜gwLofg:qo:t] gfd lje|lt ..!#..
clx+;o}j e"tfgf+ sfo{+ >]of]˜g'zf;gd\ . jfs\ r}j dw'/f ZnI0ff k|of]Hof wd{ldR5tf ..!$..
—dg':d[lt -cWofo @÷Znf]s **,(#,($,(&,(*,!)),!!),!#^,!%#–!%&,!%(_ ..
dg'iosf] oxL d'Vo cfrf/ xf] ls h'g OlGb|ox¿ lrQnfO{ x/0f ug]{jfnf ljifox¿df k|j[Q
u/fpF5, To;nfO{ /f]Sgdf k|oTg u/f];\ . h;/L 3f]8fnfO{ ;f/lyn] /f]s]/ z'4 dfu{df rnfpF5, o;
k|sf/ lognfO{ cfˆgf] jzdf u/]/ cwd{dfu{af6 x6fP/ wd{dfu{df ;bf rnfpg] u/f];\ ..!.. lsgeg]
OlGb|x¿nfO{ ljifof;lQm / cwd{df nufpgfn] dg'io lglZrt bf]ifnfO{ k|fKt ub{5 . / ha lognfO{
lht]/ wd{df nufpF5 ta} ceLi6 l;l4nfO{ k|fKt ub{5 ..@.. of] lgZro xf] ls clUgdf OGwg / £o"
xfNgfn] a9\b} hfG5, To;/L g} sfdx¿sf] pkef]un] sfd zfGt slxNo} x'Fb}g, lsGt' emg–emg a9\b}
hfG5, o;}n] ljifof;Qm dg'io slxNo} klg aÌ'x'Fb}g ..#.. hf] clht]lGb|o k'?if x'G5, To;nfO{ …ljk|b'i6Ú
eGb5g\ . To:tf]n] ugf{n] g t j]b1fg, g t Tofu, g t o1, g t lgod / g t wdf{r/0fn] g}
l;l4nfO{ k|fKt ub{5g\, lsGt' oL ;a} s'/f lht]lGb|o, wfld{s hgx¿nfO{ g} l;4 x'G5 ..$.. o;}n] kfFr
sd{, kfFr 1fg]lGb|o / P3f/f}+ dgnfO{ cfˆgf] jzdf u/]/ o'Qmfxf/ljxf/ of]un] z/L/sf] /Iff ub}{ ;a}
cy{x¿nfO{ l;4 u/f];\ ..%.. …lht]lGb|oÚ To;nfO{ eGb5g\ ls h'g :t'lt ;'g]/ xif{ / lgGbf ;'g]/ zf]s,
/fd|f] :kz{ u/]/ ;'v / b'i6 :kz{ u/]/ b'Mv, ;'Gb/ ¿k b]v]/ k|;Ì / b'i6¿k b]v]/ ck|;Ì, pQd
ef]hg u/]/ cfglGbt / lgs[i6 ef]hg u/]/ b'Mlvt, ;'uGwdf ?lr / b'u{Gwdf c?lr ub}{g ..^.. slxn]
lagf ;f]w] jf cGofo;Fu ;f]Wg]jfnfnfO{ ls h;n] sk6n] ;f]W5, To;nfO{ pQ/ gb]cf];\ . ltgLx¿sf
cufl8 a'l4dfg\ h8h:t} agf];\ . xf], hf] lgisk6 / lh1f;' 5 eg] t p;nfO{ lagf ;f]w] pkb]z
u/f];\ ..&.. Ps wg, bf];|f] aGw' s'6'Da s'n, t];|f] cj:yf, rf}yf] pQd sd{ / kfFrf}+ >]i7 ljBf, oL kfFr
dfGosf :yfg x'g\ . k/Gt' wg eGbf pQd aGw', aGw' eGbf clws cj:yf, cj:yf eGbf >]i7 sd{ /
sd{ eGbf kljq ljBfjfnf pQ/f]Q/ clws dfggLo x'G5 ..*.. lsgeg] rfx] ;o jif{sf] klg lsg
gxf];\ k/Gt' h'g ljBf, lj1fg/lxt 5, Tof] afns xf] / olb ljBf, lj1fgsf] bftf 5 eg], To;
afnsnfO{ klg j[4 dfÌ'kb{5 . lsgeg] ;a} zf:q cfKt / ljåfg\n] c1fgLnfO{ …afnsÚ / 1fgLnfO{
…lktfÚ eGb5g\ ..(.. w]/} jif{ laTgfn], s]z kfSgfn], clws wgn] / 7"nf] uf]naufnn] j[4 x'Fb}g, lsGt'
Clif–dxfTdfx¿sf] oxL lgZro 5 ls xfd|f] aLrdf ljBf, lj1fgdf hf] clws x'G5g\, pg}nfO{ …j[4Ú
k'?if eGb5g\ ..!).. a|fXd0f 1fg, Iflqo an, j}Zo wgwfGo / z"b| hGdn] cyf{t\ clws cfo'n] j[4
x'G5 ..!!. z/L/sf] s]z Zj]t x'gfn] a'9f] x'Fb}g, lsGt' h'g o'jfn] ljBf k9]sf] 5, p;}nfO{ ljåfg\x¿n]
7"nf] dfGb5g\ ..!@.. / h;n] ljBf k9]sf] 5}g, Tof] h:t} sf7sf] xfQL, sfl9Psf] 5fnfsf] d[u x'G5,
To:t} cljåfg\ dg'io hut\df gfddfqsf dg'io x'G5g\ ..!#.. o;}n] ljBf k9]/ ljåfg\, wdf{Tdf x'Fb},
lgj}{/tfn] ;a} k|f0fLx¿nfO{ sNof0fsf] pkb]z u/f];\ . pkb]zdf jf0fL dw'/ / sf]dn af]nf];\ . hf]
;Tof]kb]zn] wd{sf] j[l4 / cwd{sf] gfz ub{5g\, tL k'?if wGo x'g\ ..!$.. lgTo :gfg, j:q, cÌ, kfg,
:yfg ;a} z'4 /fvf];\ . lsgls logsf] z'4 x'Fbfdf lrQsf] z'l4 / cf/f]Uotf k|fKt u/]/ k'?iffy{
a9\b5 . zf}r Tolt g} ug'{ of]Uo x'G5 ls hltn] dn–b'u{Gw b"/ x'g hfG5 .
 cfrf/M k/df] wd{M >'To'QmM :dfQ{ Pj r .. —dg':d[lt -cWofo !÷Znf]s !)*_ ..
h'g ;Toefif0fflb sd{x¿sf] cfr/0fnfO{ ug'{ xf], ToxL g} j]b / :d[ltdf elgPsf] …cfrf/Ú xf] .
ma [nae?] vxI> ip/tr</ maet mat/r/m!, —oh'j]{b -cWofo !^÷dGq !%_ ..
Aa/caYyR %p/ny?manae======äü/cair[?imCDte . —cyj{j]b -sf08 !!÷;"Qm %÷dGq #–!&_ ..
mat&devae -v , ipt&devae -v , AacaYyRdevae -v , Aitiwdevae -v .
—t}lQ/Lo -cf/0os k|=&÷cg'=!!_Ù t}lQ/Lof]klgifb\ -lzIffWofo÷cg'jfs !!÷Znf]s @_ ..
Dfftf, lktf, cfrfo{ / cltlysf] ;]jf ug'{nfO{ …b]jk"hfÚ elgG5 / h'g–h'g sd{n] hut\sf]
pksf/ x'G5 Tof]–Tof] ug'{ / xflgsf/nfO{ 5f]8\g' g} dg'iosf] d'Vosd{ xf] . slxNo} klg gfl:ts, nDk6,
ljZjf;3ftL, rf]/, ldYofjfbL, :jfyL{, sk6L, 5nL cflb b'i6 dg'iox¿sf] ;Ë gu/f];\ . …cfKtÚ hf]
;TojfbL, wdf{Tdf, k/f]ksf/lk|o hg 5g\, pgLx¿sf] ;Ë ug'{ …>]i7frf/Ú xf] .
k|Zg— cfof{jQ{jf;Lx¿sf] cfof{jQ{ eGbf leÌ b]zx¿df hfFbf cfrf/ gi6 x'G5 ls x'Fb}g <
pQ/— of] s'/f] e'm§f] xf] . h'g leq–aflx/sf] kljqtf ug'{sf ;fy} ;Toefif0fflb cfrf/ ug'{ xf],
of] hxfF sxL+ klg ug]{5, cfrf/ / wd{e|i6 slxNo} x'g]5}g . k]ml/ hf] cfof{jQ{df /x]/ klg b'i6frf/
ug]{5, ToxL g} wd{e|i6 / cfrf/e|i6df ulgG5 . olb o:tf] x'GYof] eg] t—
d]/f]x{/]Zr å] jif]{ jif{+ x}djt+ ttM . qmd]0f}j ;dfuDo ef/t+ jif{df;bt\ ..!..
; b[i6\jf ljljwfg\ b]zfg\ rLgx"0flgif]ljtfg\ ..@..
—of] dxfef/t zflGtkj{ df]Ifwd{df Jof;–z's;+jfbsf] jrg xf] ..
—t'ngf dxfef/t, snsQf ldzg k|]z ;+:s/0f lj=;+= !*(^ -cWofo #@&÷Znf]s !$–!%_ ..
cyf{t\ Ps ;dodf Jof;hL cfˆgf k'q z's / lzio–;lxt …kftfnÚ cyf{t\ h;nfO{ clxn]sf]
;dodf …cd]l/sfÚ eGb5g\, ToxfF lgjf; ub{y] . z'sfrføo{n] lktf;Fu Ps k|Zg ;f]w] ls— æcfTdljBf
olt g} xf] ls clws klg 5 <Æ Jof;hLn] hfg] klg To;sf] pQ/ lbPgg\, lsgeg] k"j{ To; s'/fsf]
pkb]z ul/;s]sf lyP . bf];|fnfO{ ;fIfLsf] nflu cfˆgf] k'q z'sb]jnfO{ eg] ls— ætF ldlynfdf uP/
oxL k|Zg /fhf hgs;Fu ug'{ . pgn] o;sf] oyfof]Uo pQ/ lbg]5g\ .Æ lktfsf] jrg ;'g]/ z'sfrføo{
kftfnaf6 …ldlynfÚ lt/sf] nflu lx+8] . k|yd …d]?Ú cyf{t\ lxdfnob]lv O{zfg, pQ/ / jfoJo lbzfdf
h'g b]zx¿ kb{5g\, ltgLx¿sf] gfd xl/jif{ lyof] . cyf{t\ xl/ eGb5g\ afFb/nfO{, To; b]zsf dg'io
ce}m klg …/Qmd'vÚ s]xL–s]xL afFb/s} ;dfg /ftf cfFvf x'G5g\ . h'g b]zx¿sf] gfd o; ;dodf
…o"/f]kÚ 5, To;}nfO{ ;+:s[tdf …xl/jif{Ú eGby] . tL b]zx¿nfO{ x]b}{ / h;nfO{ …x"0fÚ ox"bL klg eGb5g\,
tL b]zx¿nfO{ x]b}{ …rLgÚ df cfP . rLgb]lv lxdfno / lxdfnob]lv lx+8]/ ldlynfk'/Ldf cfP .
k]ml/ >Ls[i0f tyf ch'{g kftfndf …cZjt/LÚ df cyf{t\ h;nfO{ clUgofg 8'Fuf eGb5g\, To;df
a;]/ kftfndf uP/ dxf/fhf o'lwli7/sf] o1df p2fns ClifnfO{ lnP/ cfPsf lyP . w[t/fi6«sf]
ljjfx …ufGwf/Ú h;nfO{ clxn] ckmuflg:tfgsf] …sGwf/Ú eGb5g\ jxfFsL /fhk'qL;Fu ePsf] lyof] .
dfb|L h'g ls kf08'sL :qL lyOg\ …O{/fgÚ sL /fhfsL sGof lyOg\ / ch'{gsf] ljjfx kftfn b]zdf
h;nfO{ …cd]l/sfÚ eGb5g\ jxfFsf /fhfsL 5f]/L pn'kLsf] ;fydf ePsf] lyof] . olb b]zb]zfGt/,
åLkåLkfGt/df hfFb}gy] eg] t oL ;a} s'/fx¿ s;/L x'g ;Sby] < dg':d[ltdf h'g ;d'b|df hfg] gf}sf
-8'Fuf_ dfly …s/Ú lngsf] nflu n]lvPsf] 5, Tof] klg cfof{jt{b]lv åLkfGt/df hfgfsf] sf/0fn] g} xf] .
/ ha dxf/fh o'lwli7/n] /fh;"o–o1 u/]sf lyP, To;df e"uf]nsf ;a} /fhfx¿nfO{ af]nfpg
lgdGq0ff lbgsf] nflu eLd, ch'{g, gs'n / ;xb]j rf/} lbzfdf uPsf lyP . olb o;nfO{ bf]if dfGy]
eg] t slxNo} hfFb}gy] . ;f] k|yd cfo{ hgx¿ Jofkf/, /fhsføo{ / e|d0fsf] nflu e"uf]nsf] ;a}
7fpFdf 3'Dby] . k]ml/ cfhef]ln h'g 5'jf5't / wd{ gi6 x'g] s'/fsf] zÍf 5, Tof] s]jn d"v{x¿n]
axsfpgfn] / c1fg a9\gfn] ubf{ ePsf] xf] . hf] dg'io b]z–b]zfGt/ / åLk–åLkfGt/df hfg–cfpgdf
zÍf ub}{g, tL b]z–b]zfGt/sf cg]sljw dg'iox¿sf] ;fy ;dfud, /Llt–efFlt, snf–sf}zn b]Vgfn]
1fg a9]/, cfˆgf] /fHo / Jojxf/nfO{ a9fpgfn] lge{o z"/jL/ x'Fb} /fd|f] Jojxf/sf] u|x0f / g/fd|f
s'/fx¿nfO{ 5f]8\gdf tTk/ x'Fb}, 7"nf] P]Zjo{nfO{ k|fKt ub{5g\ . hxfF dxfe|i6 Dn]R5s'nf]TkÌ j]Zof
cflbsf] e]63f6n] dfq} cfrf/e|i6 wd{xLg x'Fb}gg\, lsGt' b]z–b]zfGt/sf pQd k'?ifx¿sf] ;fy
;dfuddf bf]if dfÌ' s]jn d"v{tfsf] s'/f xf] .
 xf], olt sf/0f t x'G5 ls hf] dfG5]x¿ df+; dBkfgL x'G5g\, ltgsf z/L/, jLof{lb wft' klg
b'u{Gwflbn] b"lift x'G5g\, o;}n] pgsf] ;Ë ugf{n] cfo{x¿nfO{ klg st} oL s'nIf0f gnfuf];\, of] s'/f]
t 7Ls 5 . k/Gt' ltgLx¿;Fuaf6 Jojxf/ / u'0fu|x0f ug{df s'g} klg bf]if x'Fb}g, lsGt' pgLx¿sf
dBkfgflb bf]ifx¿nfO{ 5f]8]/, u'0fx¿nfO{ u|x0f u/]df t s]xL klg xflg x'Fb}g . hasL pgLx¿nfO{ x]bf{
/ :kz{ ubf{ klg d"v{–hgx¿n] kfk dfGb5g\, To;}n] pgLx¿;Fu o'4 slxNo} ug{ ;Sb}gg\Ù lsgeg]
o'4df pgLx¿nfO{ x]g{ / :kz{ ug{ cfjZos x'G5 .
;Hhgx¿n] /fu, å]if, cGofo, ldYofefif0fflb 5f]8]/Ù lgj}{/, k|Llt, k/f]ksf/, ;Hhgtflbsf]
wf/0f ug'{ pQd cfrf/ xf] . ;fy} of] klg a'‰g'kb{5 ls wd{ xfd|f] cfTdf / st{Josf] ;fy x'G5 . ha
xfdLn] /fd|f] sfd ub{5f}+ eg], xfdL b]z–b]zfGt/ / åLk–åLkfGt/df hfgdf s'g} klg bf]if nfUg ;Sb}g .
bf]if t kfksf] sfd ug{df nfUb5 . xf], olt cjZo rflxG5 ls j]bf]Qm–wd{sf] lgZro / kfv08dtsf]
v08g ug{ cjZo l;Sg'kb{5, h;af6 s;}n] xfdLnfO{ e'm6f] lgZro u/fpg g;sf];\ . s] b]z–b]zfGt/
/ åLk–åLkfGt/df /fHo jf Jofkf/ u/] lagf :jb]zsf] pÌlt slxNo} x'g;Sb5 < ha :jb]zd}
:jb]zLx¿n] Jojxf/ ub{5g\ / k/b]zLn] :jb]zdf Jojxf/ jf /fHo u/]df t l;jfo bfl/b|Ø / b'Mv
afx]s c¿ s'/f] xft nfUb}g . kfv08Lx¿ o:tf] ;DemG5g\ ls xfdLn] logLx¿nfO{ ljBf k9fof}+ / b]z–
b]zfGt/df hfg] cf1f lbof}+ eg] t logLx¿ a'l4dfg\ eP/ xfd|f] kfv08–hfndf gkm:gfn] xfd|f] k|lti7f
/ hLljsfsf] gfz ug]{5g\ . To;}n] ef]hg–5fbgdf av]8f lemSb5g\ sf/0f ls bf];|f] b]zdf hfg
g;s"g\ . xf], olt cjZo rflxG5 ls dB–df+;flbsf] u|x0f gu¿g\ .
s] ;a} a'l4dfgLx¿n] of] lgZro u/]gg\ xf]nfls /fhk'?ifx¿df o'4sf] ;dodf klg r'nf]–rf}sf]
nufP/ efG5f agfP/ vfg', cjZo klg k/fhosf] x]t' xf] < lsGt' ha;Dd Iflqox¿ o'4df Ps xftn]
/f]6L vfGy], hn lkpFy] / csf]{ xftn] zq'x¿sf] 3f]8f, xfQL, /ydf r9]/ jf k}bn} dfl/lb+b} hfGy],
cfˆgf] ljho ug'{ g} cfrf/ / k/flht x'g' cgfrf/ xf] . o;} d"9tfn] ubf{ logLx¿n] r'nf]–rf}sf
nufpFbf nufpFb} lj/f]w ubf{–ub}{ ;a} :jftGœo, cfgGb, wg, /fHo, ljBf / k'?iffy{dfly g} rf}sf]
nufP/ a;]sf 5g\ . OR5f ub{5g\ ls s]xL kbfy{ ldn]df t ksfP/ vfg]lyof}+ . k/Gt' To:tf] gx'gfn]
hfÌ' ls b]zel/d} rf}sf] nufP/ ;j{yf gfz ul/lbPsf 5g\ . xf], hxfF ef]hg ul/G5 p; :yfgnfO{
w'g', lnKg', a9fg'{, kmf]x/nfO{ b"/ ug]{ k|oTg cjZo ug'{kb{5, g ls d';ndfg jf O{ ;fO{x¿sf e}+m e|i6
kfszfnf agfpg' .
eIo / ceIosf] ljifodf j0f{g -!)=@_
k|Zg—kfSo / rf]vf] eg]sf] s] xf] <
pQ/— …kfSoÚ h'g hn cflbdf pl;g]/ ksfOG5, h:t} cÌ Pj+ sGbd"nflbÙ / h'g b"w–£o"df
ksfOG5, To;nfO{ …rf]vf]Ú . cyf{t\ of] klg log} w"t{x¿sf] kfv08 xf], lsgeg] h;df £o"–b"w clws
x'G5, To;nfO{ vfFbfdf pb/df lrNnf] kbfy{ clws hfcf];\, o;}n] o:tf] k|k~r /r]sf x'g\ . gq eg]
clUg jf sfnn] kfs]sf] …kSsfÚ / gkfs]sf] …sRrfÚ xf] . h'g kfs]sf]nfO{ vfg] / sfFrf]nfO{ gvfg] of]
klg ;j{q 7Ls xf]Og lsgeg] rgf cflb sfFr} klg vfOG5 .
k|Zg— låhn] cfˆgf] xftaf6} vfgf agfP/ vfg] ls z"b|sf] xftn] agfPsf] vfgf vfg] <
pQ/— z"b|sf] xftsf] vfgf vfcf];\, lsgeg] a|fXd0f, Iflqo, j}Zoj0f{:y :qLk'?if ljBf
k9fpgdf, /fHokfngdf / kz'kfng, v]tL / Jofkf/sf] sfddf tTk/ /xg'kb{5 / z"b|sf] kfq -df_ tyf
p;sf] 3/df ksfPsf] vfgf cfkTsfnsf] lagf gvfg' . o;df k|df0f—
cfof{lwli7tf jf z"b|fM ;+:sQf{/M :o'M ..
—of] cfk:tDasf] ;"q -cfk:tDa wd{;"q÷k|Zg @÷k6n @÷v08 #÷;"q $_ xf] ..
cfo{x¿sf] 3/df …z"b|Ú cyf{t\ d"v{ :qL–k'?ifn] kfsflb;]jf u¿g\, k/Gt' ltgLx¿ kljq z/L/,
;kmf j:q cflbn] /xg'kb{5, cfo{x¿sf] 3/df ha efG5f agfpmg\, ta d'vdf n'uf afFw]/ agfpmg\ .
lsgeg] ltgsf] d'vaf6 plR5i6 / lgSn]sf] Zjf;flb klg cÌdf gk/f];\, ;ftf–;ftfdf gvR5]bg
u¿g\ . ;bf :gfg u/]/ kfs agfpg] u¿g\ . cfo{x¿nfO{ VjfP/ cfk"mn] vfg] u¿g\ .
k|Zg— z"b|n] 5f]Psf] kfs]sf] cÌdf ha bf]if nufpFb5g\ eg], emg p;}sf] xftn] agfPsf] vfgf
s;/L vfg ;lsG5 t <
pQ/— of] s'/f] skf]nslNkt / Psbd} e'm§f] xf] . lsgeg] h;n] u'F8, lrgL, £o", b"w, lk;fg,
zfs, kmn, d"n vfP eg] t hfÌ' ls pgLx¿n] ;a} hut\el/sf] xftn] agfPsf] / plR5i6 vfP .
lsgeg] ha z"b|, rdf/, Rofd], kf]8], d'ndfg, O{;fO{ cflb dfG5]x¿ v]tdf pmv' sf6\b5g\, 5f]8fpF5g\,
k]n]/ /; lgsfNb5g\, ta dn–d"qf]T;u{ u/]/ lagf xft wf]P, pg} xftn] 5'Fb}, p7fpFb}, /fVb}, cfwf
nfFqmf] r':b} To;}df ld;fOlbG5g\, / /; ksfpg] j]nfdf To;} cfuf]df /f]6L klg ksfP/ vfG5g\ . ha
lrgL agfpF5g\, ta k'/fgf] h'Qfsf] h;sf] tn lji7f, d"q, uf]a/, w'nf] nflu/fv]sf] x'G5, ltg} h'Qfdf
/u8\b5g\ . b"wdf cfˆgf] 3/sf] plR5i6 kfqsf] hn xflnlbG5g\, To;}df 3[tflb /fVb5g\ / uxF', ds},
sf]bf] lk:bfv]l/ To;/L g} plR5i6 xftn] p7fpF5g\ / k;Lgf klg kL7f]df emb{5 . zfs, kmn, k"mn,
sGbdf klg o:t} nLnf x'g]ub{5 . ha oL kbfy{x¿nfO{ vfof} eg] t hfg ls ;a}sf] xftsf] vfOof] .
v]tLkftLdf ha blnt ju{n] sfd ub{5g\ eg], pgLx¿sf] klg kl/>d ldl;g hfG5 . pg}sf] 3§fdf
nu]/ xfdLn] kL7f] lk+Wg] ub{5f}+ .
k|Zg— /;, kmn, k"mn, sGb, d"n / cb[i6df bf]if dflg+b}g .
pQ/— jfxhL jfx Û ;To xf] hf] o:tf] pQ/ lb+b}gy] eg] t s] v/fgL–df6f] vfGy], u'F8–zSs/
dL7f] nfUg], b"w–£o"n] k'li6 ub{5, o;}n] oL dtnal;Gw'n] s]–s] /Rg 5f]8]gg\ < P===h'g cb[i6df bf]if
x'Fb}g eg] t kf]8]–Rofd] jf d';ndfg cflbn] cfˆgf] xftn] bf];|f] :yfgdf agfP/ ltdLnfO{ NofP/ lbP
eg] t vfG5f} ls vfFb}gf} < olb egf}nf vfÌf}+ ta cb[i6df klg bf]if 5 . xf], d';ndfg, O{;fO{ cflb
dB–df+;xf/Lx¿sf] xftsf] vfgdf cfo{nfO{ klg dB–df+;flb vfg–lkgsf] ck/fw kl5 nfUb5, k/Gt'
cfk;df cfo{x¿sf] Ps ef]hg x'gdf s'g} bf]if b]lv+b}g . ha;Dd Ps dt, Ps xflg–nfe, Ps ;'v–
b'Mv k/:k/ gdfg], ta;Dd pÌlt x'g Psbd} sl7g 5 . k/Gt' s]jn vfg–lkg dfq} Ps x'gfn] ;'wf/
x'g;Sb}g, lsGt' ha;Dd g/fd|f s'/fx¿nfO{ 5f]l8+b}g / /fd|f s'/fx¿nfO{ u|x0f ul/+b}g, ta;Dd
a9f]Q/Lsf] ;§fdf xflg g} x'g]5 .
ljb]zLx¿sf] cfof{jQ{df /fHo x'gfsf] sf/0f— cfk;sf] k'm6, dte]b, a|Xdro{sf] ;]jg gug'{,
ljBf gk9\g'–gk9fpg', afNofj:yfdf c:jo+j/ ljjfx, ljifof;lQm, ldYofefif0fflb s'nIf0f, j]bljBfsf]
ck|rf/ cflb s'sd{n] ubf{ ePsf] xf] . ha cfk;df efO–efO n8\b5g\, ta g} t];|f] ljb]zL cfP/
k~r ag]/ a:b5 . s] ltdLx¿n] dxfef/tsf] s'/f h'g kfFr xhf/ jif{sf] k"j{df ePsf] lyof], To;nfO{
klg e'Nof} < x]/ Û dxfef/t o'4df ;a} hgfn] ;jf/Lx¿df g} vfg]–lkpg] ub{y] . cfk;sf] k'm6n] ubf{
sf}/j, kf08j / ofbjx¿sf] ;Tofgfz x'g uof], Tof] t eof]–eof] k/Gt' clxn];Dd klg ToxL /f]u
kl5 nflu/x]sf] 5 . g hfg] of] eoÍ/ /fIf; slxn] 5'6\g]5 jf cfo{x¿nfO{ ;a} ;'vx¿af6 5'6fP/
b'Mv;fu/df 8'afP/ dfg]{5 < ToxL b'i6 b'of]{wg uf]qxTof/f], :jb]zljgfzs, gLrsf] b'i6–dfu{df
cfo{x¿ ce}m;Dd klg rn]/ b'Mv a9fO/x]sf 5g\ . k/d]Zj/n] s[kf u/f];\ ls of] dxf/fh/f]u xfdL
cfo{x¿af6 gi6 eP/ hfcf];\ .
eIof˜eIo b'O{ k|sf/sf] x'G5 . Ps wd{zf:qf]Qm, bf];|f] j}Bszf:qf]Qm .
h:t} wd{zf:qdf— ceIofl0f låhftLgfdd]Wok|ejfl0f r .. —dg':d[lt -cWofo %÷Znf]s %_ ..
…låhÚ cyf{t\ a|fXd0f, Iflqo, j}ZoÙ / z"b|x¿n] dnLg, lji7f–d"qflbsf] ;+;u{af6 pTkÌ ePsf
zfs, kmn, d"nflb g vfg' .
jh{o]Gdw'df+;+ r .. —dg':d[lt -cWofo @÷Znf]s !&&_ ..
h;/L cg]s k|sf/sf] dB, ufFhf, efË, clkmd cflb h'g–h'g—
a'l4+ n'Dklt ob\ b|Jo+ dbsf/L tb'Rot] .. —;fË{w/ -k|yd v08÷cWofo $÷Znf]s @!_ ..
a'l4sf] gfz ug]{vfn] kbfy{x¿ x'g\, logLx¿sf] ;]jg slxNo} gug'{ / hlt cÌ ;8\b5, lau|G5,
b'u{Gwflbn] b"lift x'G5, /fd|f];Fu gag]sf] / dBdf+;fxf/L Dn]R5 ls h;sf] z/L/ dBdf+;sf]
k/df0f'x¿n] g} k"l/t x'G5, ltgsf xftsf] gvfg' . h;df pksf/s k|f0fLx¿sf] lx+;f cyf{t\ h:t} Ps
ufO{sf] z/L/af6 b"w, £o", uf]?, ufO{ pTkÌ x'gfn] Ps k':tfdf s]xL yf]/} rf/ nfv dg'iox¿nfO{ ;'v
k'Ub5, To;}n] kz'x¿nfO{ gdfg'{, g t dfg{ lbg' .
h:t} s'g} ufO{n] aL; ;]/ / s'g}n] b'O{ ;]/ k|ltlbg b"w lbG5 eg], To;sf] dWoefu P3f/ ;]/
k|To]s ufO{af6 b"w lg:sG5 . s'g} ufO{n] cÝfx| / s'g}n] 5M dlxgf;Dd b"w lbG5g\, o;sf] dWoefu
klg afx| dlxgf eof] . ca k|To]s ufO{sf] hGdel/sf] b"wn] @$(^) -rf}aL; xhf/ gf} ;o ;f7L_
dg'io Ps k6sdf t[Kt x'G5g\ . p;sf 5M afR5f / 5M afR5L x'G5g\, tL dWo]df b'O6f d/] eg] klg
bz /xG5g\ . tL dWo]df kfFr afR5Lx¿sf] hGdel/sf] b"wnfO{ ldnfpFbf !@$*)) -Ps nfv rf}aL;
xhf/ cf7 ;o_ dg'io t[Kt x'g ;Sb5g\ . ca /x] kfFr uf]?, ltgn] klg hGdel/df %))) -kfFr
xhf/_ dg cÌ Go"g eGbf Go"g pTkÌ ub{5g\ . To; cÌdf k|To]s dg'iosf] ef]hgfy{ ^) ?k}ofF e/—
tLgkfj -Ö^) tf]nf_Ö cÌ vfgfsf] efu ugf{n]— @%)))) -;f9] b'O{ nfv_ dg'iox¿sf] t[lKt x'G5 .
b"w / cÌ ldnfP/ #&$*)) -tLg nfv rf}xQ/ xhf/ cf7 ;o_ dg'io t[Kt x'G5g\ . b'O6} ;+VofnfO{
ldnfP/ Ps ufO{sf] Ps k':tfdf #((&^) -tLg nfv pgfG;o xhf/ ;ft ;o ;f7L_ dg'io Ps
k6sdf kflnt x'G5g\ / lk+9L–b/lk+9L a9fP/ n]vfhf]vf u¥of}+ eg] t c;+Vo dg'iox¿sf] kfng x'G5 .
o;sf] cltl/Qm uf8L, ;jf/L, ef/ p7fpg] cflb sd{x¿n] dg'iosf] 7"nf] pksf/ x'g] u/]sf]
5 . tyf e}+;L ufO{ eGbf klg b"wsf] dfqfdf clws pksf/s x'G5g\, k/Gt' h;/L uf]? pksf/s
x'G5g\, To;/L g} /fFuf klg x'G5g\ . k/Gt' ufO{sf] b"w–£o"n] hlt a'l4j[l4n] nfe x'G5, Tolt e}+;Lsf]
b"w–£o"n] x'Fb}g . To;}n] d'Vo pksf/s cfo{x¿n] ufO{nfO{ dfg]sf 5g\, / hf] sf]xL cGo ljåfg\ x'g]5,
To;n] klg o;} k|sf/n] a'‰g]5 .
afv«fsf] b"waf6 @%(@) -kRrL; xhf/ gf} ;o aL;_ dg'iox¿sf] kfng x'G5, To;/L g} xfQL,
3f]8f, pFm6, e]8f, uwf, vRr/ cflbaf6 klg 7"nf] pksf/ x'G5g\ . oL kz'x¿nfO{ dfg]{jfnfnfO{ ;a}
dg'iox¿sf] xTof ug]{jfnf eg]/ hfÌ' .
x]/ Û ha cfo{x¿sf] /fHo lyof], oL kz'x¿ dfl/Gy]gg\, ta cfof{jQ{ jf cGo e"uf]n–b]zx¿df
clt cfgGbdf dg'ioflb k|f0fL jQ{Gy] . lsgeg] b"w, £o", uf]? cflb kz'x¿sf] a9f]Q/L x'gfn] cÌ, /;
k'isn k|fKt x'GYof] . hab]lv ljb]zL df+;fxf/L o; b]zdf cfP/ ufO{ cflb kz'x¿nfO{ dfg]{ dBfxf/L
/fHoff˜lwsf/L ePsf 5g\, tab]lv g} qmdzM cfo{x¿sf] b'Mv a9\b} u}/x]sf] 5 . lsgeg]—
gi6] d"n] g}j kmn+ g k'ikd\ .. —rf0fSogLlt -cWofo !)÷Znf]s !#_ ..
ha j[Ifsf] d"n g} sfl6lbOG5 eg] t kmn–k"mn sxfFaf6 x'g] <
k|Zg— olb ;a} clx+;s ag] eg] t Jof3|flb kz' olt a9\g] 5g\ ls ufO{ cflb kz'x¿nfO{
df/]/ vfg]5g\ . ltd|f] k'?iffy{nfO{ Joy{ ul/lbg] 5g\ .
pQ/— of] /fhk'?ifx¿sf] sfd xf] ls hf] xflgsf/s kz' jf dg'io x'G5g\, ltgnfO{ b08 lbg] /
k|f0f klg ljo'Qm ul/lbg] .
k|Zg— To;f] eP s] ltgLx¿sf] df;'nfO{ klg ˆofFlslbg] t <
pQ/— rfx] ˆofFlslbpmg\, rfx] s's'/ cflb df+;fxf/LnfO{ Vjfpmg\, jf hnfpmg\ . rfx] s'g}
df+;fxf/Ln] vfcf];\ t/ klg ;+;f/sf] xflg x'Fb}g, lsGt' To; dg'iosf] :jefj df+;fxf/L eP/ lx+;s
x'g ;Sb5 . hlt lx+;f / rf]/L, ljZjf;3ft 5n–sk6 cflbn] kbfy{x¿nfO{ k|fKt u/]/ ef]u ug'{
…ceIoÚ / clx+;f wdf{lb sd{x¿af6 k|fKt ef]hgflb ug'{ …eIoÚ xf] . h'g kbfy{x¿n] :jf:Yo,
/f]ugfzs, a'l4, an, k/fqmd / cfo'sf] j[l4 x'G5, tL wfg, uxF', ds}, sf]bf], kmn, k"mn, d"n, sGb, b"w,
£o", ldi6flb kbfy{x¿sf] ;]jg, tL kbfy{x¿sf] oyfof]Uo kfs d]n u/]/ oyf]lrt ;dodf ldtfxf/
ef]hg ug'{nfO{ …eIoÚ eGb5g\ . hlt kbfy{ cfˆgf] k|s[ltb]lv lj?4 ljsf/ u/fpg]vfn] 5g\, h;–
h;sf] nflu h'g–h'g kbfy{ j}Bszf:qdf jlh{t ul/Psf 5g\, To;–To;sf] Tofu / h'g–h'g h;–
h;sf] nflu ljlxt ul/Psf 5g\, To;–To;sf] u|x0f ug'{ …eIoÚ xf] .
k|Zg— ;Fu} a;]/ Ps};fy vfgdf s]xL bf]if 5 ls 5}g <
pQ/— bf]if 5 . lsgeg] Pssf] ;fydf bf];|fsf] :jefj ldNb}g . h:t} s'i7 /f]uL cflb;Fu
a;]/ vfFbfdf lg/f]uL dfG5]sf] klg ?lw/ lau|G5, To;/L g} csf{;Fu Ps} yfnLdf vfgfn] klg lauf/
ub{5, ;'wf/ x'Ì . To;}n]—
gf]lR5i6+ s:olr2BfÌfBfRr}j tyfGt/f . g r}jfTozg+ s'of{Ì rf]lR5i6M Sjlrb\ j|h]t\ ..
—dg':d[lt -cWofo @÷Znf]s %^_ ..
g s;}nfO{ cfˆgf] h"7f] lbg] / g s;}sf] h"7f] vfg], g clws ef]hg ug]{ / ef]hg kZrft\ xft–
d'v gwf]Osg h'7} g st} otf–plt nfUg] .
k|Zg— …u'/f]?lR5i6 ef]hgd\Ú o; jfSosf] s] cy{ x'g]5 <
pQ/— o;sf] cy{ xf] ls u'?sf] ef]hgsf] kZrft\ h'g k[ys\ cÌ z'4 l:yt x'G5, To;sf]
ef]hg ug'{, cyf{t\ k|yd u'?nfO{ ef]hg u/fPkZrft\ lzion] ef]hg ug'{ .
k|Zg— olb plR5i6dfqsf] lgif]w xf] eg] t, df}/Lx¿sf] plR5i6 dx, afR5fsf] plR5i6 b"w /
Ps u|f; lnPkl5 t cfˆgf] klg plR5i6 x'g hfG5, lognfO{ klg gvfg kg]{ xf] .
 pQ/— dx egfOn]dfq plR5i6 xf], Tof] w]/} cf}iflwx¿sf] ;f/ u|fXo, afR5f]n] aflx/sf] b"w
h"7f] kfb{5 leqsf] xf]Og, k/Gt' afR5f]n] b"w r';]kl5 kfgLn] ufO{sf] :tgnfO{ wf]P/ ;kmf efF8f]df b'x'g'
kb{5 . k]ml/ cfˆgf] h"7f] cfk"mnfO{ ljsf/sf/s x'Fb}g . ljrf/ u/]/ x]/ Û :jefjn] of] s'/f] l;4 5 ls
s;}sf] h"7f] s;}n] gvfcf];\, h;/L cfˆgf] d'v, gfs, sfg, cfFvf, pk:y / u'Xo OlGb|ox¿sf
dnd"qflbsf] :kz{df 3[0ff x'Fb}g, s'g} bf];|fsf] dn–d"qsf] :kz{df 3[0ff x'g] ub{5 . o;}n] of] Jojxf/
;[li6qmdaf6 l;4 x'G5 ls s;}sf] plR5i6 s;}n] gvfcf];\ .
k|Zg— s] :qL–k'?if klg ;fydf / plR5i6 gvfg] t <
pQ/— gvfg] . lsgeg] pgLx¿sf] klg z/L/sf] :jefj leÌ–leÌ x'G5 .
k|Zg— rfx] a|fXd0f of rf08fn xf];\, ;a}sf] xft 5fnfsf] x'G5 / h:tf] ?lw/flb a|fXd0fsf]
z/L/df x'G5, To:t} rf08fnsf] klg x'G5Ù k'gM kf]8]–Rofd]sf] xftsf] vfgdf s] bf]if 5 <
pQ/— bf]if 5 . lsgeg] h'g pQd kbfy{x¿nfO{ vfg'–lkpg'n] a|fXd0f / a|fXd0fLsf] z/L/df
b'u{Gwflb /lxt z'4 /h–jLo{ x'G5, To:tf] rf08fn, rf08fNgLsf] z/L/df x'Fb}g . lsgeg] rf08fnsf]
z/L/ b'u{Gwsf] k/df0f'x¿n] el/Psf] x'G5, To:tf] a|fXd0fflbsf] x'Fb}g . o;}n] a|fXd0fflb pQd
j0f{x¿sf] xftsf] vfg' / kf]8]–Rofd]sf] xf]Og . ha s;}n] ltdL;Fu ;f]Wg] 5 ls h:tf] 5fnfsf] z/L/
dftf, ;f;", alxgL, sGof, a'xf/Lsf] x'G5, To:t} cfˆgL] :qLsf] klg x'G5, s] t cfdf, alxgLx¿
cflb;Fu klg :j:qLs} ;dfg Jojxf/ ub{5f} < h;/L pQd cÌ xft / d'vn] vfOG5, To;/L g} b'u{Gw
klg vfg ;lsG5 eg] s] dn klg vfG5f} < o:tf] klg st} x'g ;Sb5 / <
k|Zg— h'g ufO{sf] uf]a/n] lnkkf]t ub{5f}, t cfˆgf] uf]a/n] lsg lnKb}gf} < / uf]a/n] lnk]sf]
rf}sfdf hfgfn] rf}sf] cz'4 lsg x'Fb}g <
pQ/— ufO{sf] uf]a/df To:tf] b'u{Gw x'Fb}g, h:tf] dfG5]sf] dndf x'G5 . uf]a/ lrKnf] x'gfn]
zL3| plKs+b}g, g t n'uf g} lau|G5, g t dnLg x'G5 . h:tf] df6f]n] d}nf] kfb{5, To:tf] ;'Ssf
uf]a/n] kfb}{g . df6f] / uf]a/n] h'g :yfgdf lnlkG5, Tof] b]Vgdf clt ;'Gb/ x'G5, / hxfF vfgf
ksfOG5 jxfF ef]hgflbaf6 £o", ldi6 / plR5i6 klg v:b5, To;af6 dfvf, ls/f cflb y'k|} cfpF5g\ .
ha To;nfO{ s'rf]n] a9f/]/ lnlklbof] eg] jf kSsL 3/ ePdf t wf]Olbof] eg] Tof] bf]if /xFb}g . h:tf]
ldofFhLsf] r'nfdf sxL+ sf]Onf, sxL v/fgL, sxL+ bfp/f, sxL+ k'm6]sf xfF8Lsf 6'qmf, st} h"7f] kQn,
sxL+ xf8–vf]/ x'gfn] x]bf{df klg g/fd|f] / xhf/f}+ dfvf / ls/fx¿sf] ;Nofª\aNofª\n] el/Psf] x'G5 .
olb uf]a/n] lnk]sf] cz'4 dfGb5g\ eg] t r'nfdf h"7f] s/fxL, To;}sf] cfuf]n] tdfv" ;Nsfpg], 3/sf]
leQfdf n]kg ug]{ cflbn] ldofFhLsf] klg rf}sf] e|i6 x'g hfG5 xf]nf <
k|Zg— rf}sfdf vfg' /fd|f] ls aflx/ <
pQ/— hxfF /fd|f] b]lvG5, ToxfF ef]hg ug'{kb{5 . k/Gt' cfjZos o'4flb sd{x¿df t 3f]8f
cflb ofgx¿df a;L–a;L jf p7L–p7L vfg cToGt plrt x'G5 .
k|Zg— s] cfˆg} xftsf] dfq vfg] c¿sf] xftsf] gvfg] <
pQ/— olb cfo{x¿df z'4 /Lltn] agfpF5g\ eg] t a/fa/ ;a} cfo{x¿sf] ;fy vfgdf s'g}
xflg 5}g . lsgeg] hf] a|fXd0fflb j0f{:y :qL–k'?if efG5f tof/ ug]{, r'nf]–rf}sf] lnKg], efF8f dfF‰g],
n'uf w'g] cflb av]8fdf nflu/fv]df t ljBflb z'eu'0fx¿sf] j[l4 slxNo} x'Fb}g . x]/ Û dxf/fh
o'lwli7/sf] /fh;"o o1df e"uf]nsf /fhf, Clif–dxlif{ cfPsf lyP . Pp6} kfszfnfaf6 ef]hg ug]{
ub{y] . hab]lv O{;fO{ / d';ndfg cflbsf] dtdtfGt/df rNg yfn], cfk;df j}/ –lj/f]w x'g yfNof] .
pgLx¿n] dB uf]df+;flbnfO{ vfg :jLsf/ u/], ToxL ;dob]lv ef]hgflbdf av]8f z'? eof] . x]/ Û
sfa'n, sGwf/, O{/fg, cd]l/sf, o"/f]k cflbsf b]zx¿sf /fhfx¿sL sGof ufGwf/L, dfb|L, pn'kL
cflbsf] ;fydf cfof{jQ{b]zLo /fhfx¿n] ljjfx ub{y] . zs'lg cflb, sf}/j–kf08jsf] ;fy vfg]–lkpg]
ub{y] . s]xL lj/f]w ub}{gy], lsgeg] Tof] ;dodf ;j{–e"uf]ndf j]bf]Qm Ps dt lyof], To;}df ;a}sf]
lgi7f lyof] / Ps–csf{sf] ;\'v–b'Mv xflg–nfe cfk;df cfˆgf] ;DemGy], ta g} e"uf]ndf ;'v lyof] .
ca t y'k|} dtjfnf x'gfn] w]/} b'Mv / lj/f]w al9/x]sf] 5 . o;sf] lgjf/0f ug'{ a'l4dfgLx¿sf] sfd
xf] . k/dfTdfn] ;a}sf] dgdf ;To–dtsf] o:tf] cª\s'/ k'm6fcf];\ ls h;af6 ldYof dtn] zL3| g}
k|nonfO{ k|fKt u/f];\ . o;df ;a} ljåfg\x¿n] ljrf/ u/]/ lj/f]wnfO{ 5f]8]/ clj?4dtsf] :jLsf/af6
;a} hgf ldn]/ ;a}sf] lxt, sNof0ffy{ cfgGbnfO{ a9fpFb} hfpmg\ .
 of] yf]/}dfq cfrf/–cgfrf/, eIof˜eIo ljifodf n]lvof] . o; u|Gysf] k"jf{4{ o;} bzf}+
;d'Nnf; ko{Gtdf k"/f eof] . oL ;d'Nnf;x¿df ljz]if v08g–d08g o; sf/0fn] n]lvPg ls
ha;Dd dg'io ;Tof˜;Tosf] ljrf/df slQ klg ;fdYo{ a9fpFb}g ta;Dd :y"n / ;"Id v08gx¿sf]
clek|fonfO{ a'‰g ;Sb}g . o;}n] k|yd ;a}nfO{ ;To–lzIffsf] pkb]z u/]/–ca …pQ/f4{Ú cyf{t\ h;df
rf/ ;d'Nnf; 5g\, ltgdf ljz]if v08g–d08g n]lvg]5 .
oL rf/x¿ dWo]df k|yd ;d'Nnf;df cfof{jtL{o dtdtfGt/, bf];|f]df h}gLx¿sf], t];|f]df
O{;fO{x¿sf] / rf}yf]df d';ndfgx¿sf] dtdtfGt/sf] v08g–d08gsf] ljifodf n]lvg]5 . / kZrft\
rf}wf}+ ;d'Nnf;sf] cGtdf :jdt klg b]vfOFg]5 . hf] s;}n] ljz]if v08g–d08g x]g{ rfxG5 eg],
ltgLx¿n] oL rf/ ;d'Nnf;nfO{ x]g{" . k/Gt' ;fdfGo u/]/ sxL+–sxL+ bz ;d'Nnf;x¿df klg s]xL yf]/}
v08g–d08g ul/Psf] 5 . oL rf}w ;d'Nnf;nfO{ kIfkft 5f]8]/ Gofob[li6n] x]/]df, p;sf] cfTdfdf
;To cy{sf] k|sfz eP/ cfgGb x'g]5 . / h;n] x7, b'/fu|x / O{iof{n] x]b{5–;'Gb5, To;nfO{ o;
u|Gysf] clek|fo oyfy{ ljlbt x'g c;fWo} sl7g x'g]5 . To;}n] hf] sf]xL o;nfO{ oyfjt\ ljrfb{5 Tof]
o; u|Gysf] ;'e"lift, / ljrfb}{g Tof] o;sf] clek|fo ghfg]/ uf]tf vfO/xg]5 . ljåfg\x¿sf] oxL sfd
xf] ls ;Tof˜;Tosf] lg0f{o u/]/ ;Tosf] u|x0f, c;Tosf] Tofu u/]/ k/d cfglGbt x'G5g\ . ltgLx¿ g}
u'0fu|fxs k'?if ljåfg\ eP/ wd{, cy{, sfd / df]If¿kL kmnx¿nfO{ k|fKt u/]/ k|;Ì /xg]5g\ ..
Olt >Ld2ofgGb;/:jtL:jflds[t] ;Tofy{k|sfz]
;'efifflje"lift] cfrf/f˜gfrf/eIof˜eIoljifo]
bzdM ;d'Nnf;M ;Dk"0f{M ..!)..
;dfKtf]˜oDk"jf{4{M..

 cf]#d\
pQ/f4{
cg'e"ldsf -!_
of] s'/f l;4 5 ls kfFr xhf/ jif{x¿sf] k"j{ j]bdtb]lv leÌ bf];|f] s'g} dt lyPg, lsgeg]
j]bf]Qm ;a} s'/fx¿ ljBf;Fu clj?4 5g\ . j]bx¿ k|lt dg'iosf] ck|j[lQ x'gfsf] sf/0fn] dxfef/tsf]
o'4 eof] . log}sf] ck|j[lQn] ubf{ cljBf˜Gwsf/sf] e"uf]ndf lj:t[t x'gfn] dg'iox¿sf] a'l4 e|do'Qm
x'Fb} h;sf] dgdf h:tf] cfof], To:t} dt rnfpg yfn] .
tL ;a} dtx¿df rf/ dt cyf{t\ hf] j]blj?4 k'/f0fL, h}gL, ls/fgL / s'/fgL ;a} dtx¿sf
d"n x'g\, tL qmdaf6 Pssf] k5fl8 bf];|f], t];|f] / rf}yf] x'Fb} u/]/ rn]sf x'g\ . clxn] oL rf/}sf
zfvfx¿ Ps xhf/ eGbf yf]/} 5}gg\ . oL ;a} dtjfbLx¿, logsf r]nfx¿ / cGo ;a}nfO{ k/:k/
;Tof˜;Tosf] ljrf/ ug{sf] nflu clws kl/>d ug{ gk/f];\ eg]/ of] u|Gy agfOPsf] 5 . h'g–h'g
o;df ;To–dtsf] d08g / c;To dtsf] v08g n]lvPsf] 5 . To;sf] ;a}nfO{ hfgsf/L lbgsf] nflu
g} k|of]hg ;lDemPsf 5f}+ . o;df h:tf] d]/f] a'l4, hlt d]/f] ljBf / hlt oL rf/} dtx¿sf d"n
u|GynfO{ x]gf{n] af]w ePsf] 5, To;nfO{ ;a}sf] cufl8 lgj]lbt ul/lbg d}n] pQd ;De]msf] 5', lsgeg]
lj1fg u'Kt ePsfsf] k'gld{ng x'g ;xh 5}g . kIfkftnfO{ 5f]8]/ o;nfO{ x]gf{n] ;Tof˜;To dt
;a}nfO{ ljlbt x'g] g} 5 . kZrft\ ;a}n] cfˆgf]–cfˆgf] ;dem cg';f/ ;To dtsf] u|x0f ug{ / c;To
dtsf] Tofu ug{ ;xh x'g]5 . logLx¿ dWo]df h'g k'/f0fflb u|Gyx¿af6 zfvf–zfvfGt/¿k dt
cfof{jt{ b]zx¿df rn]sf 5g\, ltgLx¿sf] ;+If]kn] u'0f–bf]if o; !!cf}+ ;d'Nnf;df b]vfOFg]5 .
o; d]/f] sd{n] olb pksf/ gdfg] t lj/f]w klg gug{" . lsgeg] d]/f] tfTko{ s;}sf] xflg jf
lj/f]w ug{sf] nflu xf]Og lsGt' ;Tof˜;Tosf] lg0f{o ug{–u/fpgsf] nflu xf] . o;} k|sf/af6 ;a}
dg'iox¿ Gofob[li6n] rNg clt plrt x'G5 . dg'io–hGdsf] k|of]hg ;Tof˜;Tosf] lg0f{o ug{–
u/fpgsf] nflu g} xf], g ls jfbljjfb, lj/f]w ug{–u/fpgsf] nflu .
o;} dtdtfGt/sf] ljjfbn] hut\df hlt–hlt clgi6 kmn eP, x'G5g\ / x'g]5g\, ltgnfO{
kIfkft/lxt ljåHhgn] hfÌ ;Sb5g\ . ha;Dd o; dg'io hfltdf k/:k/ ldYof dtdtfGt/sf]
lj?4jfb 5'6\g]5}g, ta;Dd cGof]˜GonfO{ cfgGb x'g]5}g . olb xfdL ;a} dg'io / ljz]if ljåHhg
O{iof{å]if 5f]8]/ ;Tof˜;Tosf] lg0f{o u/]/ ;Tosf] u|x0f / c;Tosf] Tofu ug{–u/fpg rfx]df t xfd|f]
nflu of] s'/f] c;fWo xf]Og .
of] lgZro xf] ls ltg} ljåfg\x¿sf] lj/f]wn] g} ;a}nfO{ lj/f]w–hfndf km;fP/ /fv]sf] 5 . olb
ltgLx¿ cfˆgf] k|of]hgdf gkm;]/ ;a}sf] k|of]hgnfO{ l;4 ug{ rfx]df t clxNo} P]Sodt x'g'kb{5 .
o:tf] x'gsf] nflu o'lQm o;} u|Gysf] k"lt{df n]Vg]5' .
;j{zlQmdfg\ k/dfTdf Ps dtdf k|j[Q x'gsf] nflu pT;fx ;a} dg'iox¿sf] cfTdfx¿df
k|sflzt u/f];\ .
.. cndltlj:t/]0f ljklZrå/lz/f]dl0fif' ..
.. OTog'e"ldsf ..


—bofgGb ;/:jtL
 -!!_ P3f/f}+ ;d'Nnf;
cfof{jtL{o dtsf] v08g–d08gsf] ljifodf j0f{g
d08gsf] ljifo -!!=!_
ca cfo{ hgx¿sf] h'g ls cfof{jt{df a:b5g\, pgLx¿sf dtsf] v08g tyf d08gsf]
ljwfg ub{5' .
of] cfof{jt{ b]z o:tf] b]z xf] h;sf] ;b[z e"uf]ndf bf];|f] s'g} klg b]z 5}g . To;}n] o;
e"ldsf] gfd ;'j0f{e"ld xf], lsgeg] o;}n] ;'j0ff{lb /Tgx¿nfO{ pTkÌ ub{l5g\ . To;}n] g} ;[li6sf]
cflbdf cfo{x¿ o;} b]zdf cfP/ a;] . To;}n] xfdLn] ;[li6ljifodf klg eg]/ cfPsf 5f}+ ls …cfo{Ú
gfd pQd k'?ifx¿sf] xf] / cfo{x¿b]lv leÌ dg'iox¿sf] gfd …b:o'Ú xf] . hlt e"uf]ndf b]zx¿ 5g\,
tL ;a}n] o;} b]zsf] k|z+;f ub{5g\ / cfzf /fVb5g\ . kf/;dl0f kTy/ x'g] ;'lgG5, Tof] s'/f] t e'm§f]
xf] k/Gt' cfof{jt{ b]z g} ;fFRrf] kf/;dl0f xf] ls h;nfO{ kmnfd¿kL bl/b| ljb]zLn] 5'gf;fy …;'j0f{Ú
cyf{t\ wgf9Ø x'g hfG5g\ .
rqmjtL{ /fhfx¿sf] gfd pNn]v -!!=@_
Pt2]zk|;"t:o ;sfzfbu|hGdgM . :j+ :j+ rl/q+ lzIf]/g\ k[lyJof+ ;j{dfgjfM ..
—dg':d[lt -cWofo @÷Znf]s @)_ ..
;[li6b]lv lnP/ kfFr xhf/ jif{x¿b]lv k"j{ ;do ko{Gt cfo{x¿sf] …;fj{ef}d rqmjtL{Ú cyf{t\
e"uf]ndf ;jf]{kl/ Psdfq /fHo lyof] . cGo b]zx¿df …df08lnsÚ cyf{t\ ;fgf–;fgf /fhfx¿ /xGy]
lsgeg] sf}/j–kf08j ko{Gt oxfFsf /fhf / /fhzf;gdf ;a} e"uf]nsf ;a} /fhf / k|hfn] dfGby],
lsgeg] of] dg':d[lt h'g ;[li6sf] cflbdf ePsf] xf], o;sf] k|df0f 5— …o;} cfof{jt{df pTkÌ ePsf
…a|fXd0fÚ cyf{t\ ljåfg\x¿af6 e"uf]nsf ;a} dg'io a|fXd0f, Iflqo, j}Zo, z"b|, b:o', Dn]R5 cflb
cfˆgf]–cfˆgf] cg's"n ljBf, rl/qx¿sf] lzIff / ljBfEof; u¿g\ .Ú / dxf/fhf o'lwli7/hLsf]
/fh;"o–o1 / dxfef/tsf] o'4ko{Gt oxfFsf /fHofwLg ;a} /fHox¿ lyP . ;'Ì'xf];\ Û rLgsf] …eubQÚ,
cd]l/sfsf] …aa|'jfxgÚ, o"/f]ksf] …lj8fnfIfÚ cyf{t\ la/fnfsf] ;b[z cfFvfjfnf, …ojgÚ h;nfO{ o"gfg
elgG5 / O{/fgsf] …zNoÚ cflb ;a} /fhf /fh;"o–o1 / dxfef/t o'4df cf1f˜g';f/ cfPsf lyP . ha
/3'u0f /fhf lyP, ta /fj0f klg oxfFsf] cfwLg lyof] . ha /fdrGb|sf] ;dodf lj?4 x'g uof] , ta
To;nfO{ /fdrGb|n] b08 lbP/ /fHob]lv gi6 u/]/ p;sf] efO ljeLif0fnfO{ /fHo lbP .
:jfo+e'j /fhfb]lv lnP/ kf08jko{Gt cfo{x¿sf] rqmjtL{ /fHo /Xof] . tTkZrft\ cfk;sf]
lj/f]wn] n8]/ gi6 eP . lsgeg] o; k/dfTdfsf] ;[li6df cledfgL, cGofosf/L, cljåfg\x¿sf] /fHo
w]/} lbg rNb}g . ;fy} of] ;+;f/sf] :jfefljs k|j[lQ klg xf] ls ha w]/}h;f] wg c;+Vo k|of]hg eGbf
clws x'G5, ta cfn:o, k'?iffy{/lxttf, O{iof{–å]if, ljifof;lQm / k|dfb a9\b5 . o;n] ubf{ b]zdf
ljBf ;'lzIff gi6 eP/ b'u'{0f / b'i6 Jo;g b]zdf a9\b} hfG5, h:t} ls dB–df+; ;]jg, afNofj:yfdf
ljjfx / :j]R5frf/flb bf]if a9\b} hfG5 . ;fy} ha o'4ljefudf o'4ljBfsf] sf}zn / ;]gf olt a9] ls
h;sf] ;fdgf ug{]jfnf e"uf]ndf bf];|f] x'Fb}g, ta pgLx¿df kIfkft, cledfg a9]/ cGofo a9\g
hfG5 . ha o:tf] bf]if x'g hfG5, ta cfk;df lj/f]w u/]/ cyjf ltgLx¿b]lv clws bf];|f] ;fgf]
s'ndf s'g} o:tf] ;dy{ k'?if plEeG5 ls ltgLx¿nfO{ k/fho ug{df ;dy{ x'G5 . h;/L
d';ndfgx¿sf] afbzfxLsf] cufl8 …lzjfhLÚ, …uf]ljGbl;+xhLÚ pleP/ d';ndfgx¿sf] /fHonfO{ l5Ì–
leÌ ul/lbP .
cy lsd]t}jf{ k/]˜Go] dxfwg'w{/fZrqmjlt{gM s]lrT;'B'Dge"l/B'Dg]Gb|B'Dgs'jnofZj
of}jgfZjjlw|ofZjfZjkltM zlaGb'x{l/ZrGb|f]˜Da/Liff]˜gg"QmM :joflto{oflt/g/0ofIf;]gfboM . cy
d?Qe/tk|e[tof] /fhfgM .. —d}qf0o'klgifb\ -k|kf7s !÷Znf]s %_ ..
OToflb k|df0fx¿af6 l;4 x'G5 ls ;[li6b]lv lnP/ dxfef/tko{Gt rqmjtL{ ;fj{ef}d /fhf
cfo{s'ndf g} ePsf lyP . clxn] logLx¿sf ;Gtfgx¿sf] cefUof]bo x'gfn] /fhe|i6 eP/
ljb]zLx¿sf] kfbfqmfGt e}/x]sf 5g\ . h;/L oxfF ;'B'Dg, e"l/B'Dg, OGb|B'Dg, s'jnofZj, of}jgfZj,
jlw|ofZj, cZjklt, zzljGb', xl/ZrGb|, cDa/Lif, cgg"Qm, :joflt, ooflt, cg/0o, pIf;]g, pTy,
d?Q\ / e/t cflb …;fj{ef}dÚ ;a} e"lddf k|l;4 rqmjtL{ /fhfx¿sf] gfd n]lvPsf] 5, To;/L g}
:jfoDe'jflb rqmjtL{ /fhfx¿sf] gfd :ki6 dg':d[lt, dxfef/tflb u|Gyx¿df n]lvPsf] 5 . o;nfO{
ldYof ug'{ c1fgL / kIfkftLx¿sf] sfd xf] .
dGqx¿sf] l;l4 Pj+ lg/fs/0f -!!=#_
k|Zg— h'g cfUg]of:q cflb ljBf n]lvPsf] 5, ;f] ;To xf] ls xf]Og < / tf]k tyf aGb"s To;
;dodf lyof] ls lyPg <
pQ/— of] s'/f] ;fFrf] xf], oL z:qx¿ klg lyP . lsgeg] kbfy{ljBfaf6 oL ;a} s'/f x'g
;Dej 5 .
k|Zg— s] tL b]jtfx¿sf dGqaf6 l;4 x'g] ub{y] <
pQ/— xf]Og . oL ;a} c:q kbfy{x¿af6 l;4 ub{y] . tL …dGqÚ cyf{t\ ljrf/n] l;4 ub{y] /
rnfpFy] . …dGqÚ zAbdo x'G5, To;af6 s'g} b|Jo pTkÌ x'Fb}g . olb s;}n] eGb5 ls dGqaf6 clUg
pTkÌ x'G5, To;f] eP t Tof] dGqsf] hk ug]{jfnfsf] Åbo / lha|f] g} e:d ul/lbg'kg]{ . …dfg{ hfg]
zq'nfO{ / dl//xg] cfk"m .Ú o;}n] …dGqÚ gfd xf] ljrf/sf], h;/L …/fhdGqLÚ cyf{t\ /fhsd{x¿sf]
ljrf/ ug]{nfO{ elgG5, To;/L g} …dGqÚ cyf{t\ ljrf/af6 ;a} ;[li6sf] kbfy{sf] k|yd 1fg / kZrft\
lqmof ugf{n] cg]s k|sf/sf] kbfy{ / lqmofsf}zn pTkÌ x'G5g\ .
h;/L s;}n] Ps kmnfdsf] af0f jf uf]nf agfP/ To;df o:tf] kbfy{ /fvf];\ ls h'g clUg
nfUgfn] jfo'df w'jfF k}mng] / ;"o{sf] ls/0f jf jfo'sf] :kz{ x'gfn] clUg hnf];\, o;}sf] gfd
…cfUg]of:qÚ xf] . ha bf];|fn] o;sf] lgjf/0f ug{ rfx]df t To;}dfly …jf?0ff:qÚ 5f]l8b]cf];\ cyf{t\
zq'sf] ;]gfdfly cfUg]of:q 5f]8]/ gi6 ug{ rfx]df, To;/L g} cfˆgf] ;]gfsf] /Iffy{ ;]gfklt jf?0ff:qn]
cfUg]of:qsf] lgjf/0f u/f];\ . Tof] o:tf] b|Jox¿sf] of]un] ubf{ x'G5 h;sf] w'jfF jfo'sf] :kz{
x'g]lalQs} g} afbn ag]/ plTgv]/} jif{g nfuf];\ / cfuf]nfO{ lgefOb]cf];\ . o;/L g} …gfukfzÚ cyf{t\
h'g zq'dfly 5f]8\gfn] p;sf] cËnfO{ hs8]/ afFlwlbG5 . To;/L g} Ps …df]xgf:qÚ cyf{t\ h;df
gzfsf] rLh xfNgfn], h;df w'jfF nfUgfn] ;a} zq'sf ;]gf …lgb|f:yÚ cyf{t\ d"lR5{t x'g hfG5g\ . o;}
k|sf/af6 ;a} z:qf:q x'Gy] / Ps tf/ jf zLzfn] cyjf s'g} csf]{ kbfy{n] ljB't pTkÌ u/]/
zq'x¿sf] gfz ub{y], To;nfO{ klg …cfUg]of:qÚ tyf …kfz'ktf:qÚ eGb5g\ . …tf]kÚ / …aGb"sÚ gfd cGo
b]zsf] xf] . of] ;+:s[t cfof{jtL{o efiffsf] xf]Og . lsGt' h;nfO{ ljb]zLx¿n] tf]k eGb5g\, ;+:s[t /
efiffdf To;sf] gfd …zt£gLÚ / h;nfO{ aGb"s eGb5g\, To;sf] gfd ;+:s[t / cfo{efiffdf …e'z'08LÚ
eGb5g\ . h;n] ;+:s[t ljBfnfO{ k9]g / o; b]zsf] efiffnfO{ klg 7Ls–7Ls hfGb}g, tL e|ddf k/]/
s'g}sf] s]xL / s'g}sf] s]xL n]Vg] / aSg] ub{5g\ . To;nfO{ a'l4dfgLx¿n] k|df0f dfGb}gg\ .
/ hlt ljBf e"uf]ndf k}mlnPsf] 5, Tof] ;a} cfof{jt{ b]zaf6 ld>jf;Lx¿n], ltgLx¿af6
o"gfgLx¿n], ltgLx¿af6 /f]djf;Lx¿n] / ltgLx¿af6 cd]l/sf cflb b]zdf k}mlnof] . clxn];Dd hlt
k|rf/ ;+:s[t ljBfsf] cfof{jt{ b]zdf ePsf] 5, Tolt cGo s'g} b]zx¿df 5}g . hf] s;}n] eGb5 ls
hd{g b]zdf ;+:s[tsf] 7"nf] k|rf/ 5 / hlt ;+:s[t df]Ifd"n/ ;fxan] k9]sf 5g\ Tolt s;}n] k9]sf
5}gg\, of] s'/f] t eÌdfq}sf] xf] . lsgeg] …ol:dGb]z] b|'df] gfl:t tq}/08f]˜lk b|'dfot]Ú cyf{t\ h'g
b]zdf s'g} j[If x'Fb}g, To; b]zdf P/08nfO{ g} 7"nf] j[If dfGb5g\ . To;/L g} o"/f]k b]zdf ;+:s[t
ljBfsf] k|rf/ g x'gfn] hd{g / df]Ifd"n/ ;fxan] yf]/} k9] klg To; b]zsf] nflu clws xf] . k/Gt'
cfof{jt{ b]zlt/ x]¥of}+ eg] t pgsf] Psbd} Go"g u0fgf x'G5 . lsgeg] d}n] hd{g b]zlgjf;Lsf—Ps
…lk|lG;knÚ sf]—kqaf6 hfg]+ ls hd{g b]zdf ;+:s[t–lrÝLsf] cy{ ug]{x¿ klg Psbd} yf]/} /x]5g\, clg
df]Ifd"n/ ;fxasf] ;+:s[t–;flxTo / yf]/} dfqdf j]bsf] JofVofnfO{ x]/]/ dnfO{ ljlbt eof] ls
df]Ifd"n/ ;fxan] otf–ptf cfof{jtL{o hgx¿n] n]v]s} 6LsfnfO{ x]/]/ s]xL–s]xL oyf–tyf n]v]sf
/x]5g\ . h:t} ls—
…yu/ÃiNt? ä/Xnm?é/;< cr?Nt</ pir? t/Swu;?> , raec?Nte raec/na id/iv .Ú
o; dGqsf] cy{ …3f]8fÚ u/]sf 5g\ . o; eGbf t h'g ;fo0ffrføo{n] …;"o{Ú cy{ u/]sf 5g\ Tof]
/fd|f] xf] . k/Gt' o;sf] 7Ls cy{ …k/dfTdfÚ xf], ;f] d}n] agfPsf] …CUj]bflbefioe"ldsfÚ df x]g'{xf]nf .
p;df o; dGqsf] oyfy{ cy{ ul/Psf] 5 . oltaf6} hfÌ ;Sg'xg]5 ls hd{g b]z / df]Ifd"n/
;fxadf ;+:s[t–ljBfsf] slt kfl8To /x]5 .
of] lgZro xf] ls hlt ljBf / dt e"uf]ndf k}mlnPsf] 5, tL ;a} cfof{jt{ b]zaf6 g} k|rl/t
ePsf] xf] . x]/ Û Ps h}sflno6 ;fxa Kofl/; cyf{t\ k|mf+; b]z lgjf;L cfˆgf] …afOan Og Ol08ofÚ
df n]Vb5g\ ls— æ;a} ljBf / enfOx¿sf] e08f/ cfof{jt{ b]z xf] / ;a} ljBf tyf dt o;} b]zaf6
k}mlnPsf] xf]Æ / k/dfTdf;Fu k|fy{gf ub{5' ls æx] k/d]Zj/ Û h:tf] pÌlt cfof{jt{ b]zsf] k"j{ sfndf
lyof], To:t} g} xfd|f] b]znfO{ ug'{xf];\,Æ ;f] To; u|Gydf x]g{ ;Sg'x'g]5 . tyf …bf/flzsf]xÚ afbzfxn]
klg oxL lgZro u/]sf lyP ls h:tf] k"/f ljBf ;+:s[tdf 5 To:tf] cGo s'g} efiffdf 5}g . pgn]
o:tf] pklgifb\x¿sf] efiffGt/df n]Vb5g\ ls— æd}n] c/aL cflb y'k|} efiffx¿ k9]+, k/Gt' d]/f] dgsf]
;Gb]x 5'6]/ cfgGb ldn]g . ha ;+:s[t x]/]+ / ;'g]+ ta lgM;Gb]x eP/ dnfO{ 7"nf] cfgGb ldNof] .Æ x]/,
sfzLdf …dfgdlGb/Ú df zlzdfnrqmnfO{ ls h;sf] k"/f /Iff klg ePsf] 5}g, t/ klg slt pQd 5
ls h;df cfh;Dd klg vuf]nsf] y'k|} j[QfGt h:tf] ljlbt x'G5 . h'g …;jfO{ hok'/fwLzÚ To;nfO{
;Dxfn]/ / 6'6–k'm6 ePsf]nfO{ dd{t ul/lbPdf t c;fWo} /fd|f] x'g] lyof] . k/Gt' o:tf] lz/f]dl0f
b]znfO{ dxfef/t o'4n] o:tf] wSsf lbof] ls ce}m;Dd klg of] cfˆgf] k"j{ bzfdf kms]{/ cfpg
;s]g . lsgeg] ha efO–efOdf df/sf6 x'g nfUof] eg] t gfz x'gdf s] ;Gb]x <
ljgfzsfn] ljk/Lta'l4M .. —rf0fSogLlt -cWofo !^÷Znf]s %_ ..
of] s'g} sljsf] jrg xf] ls— ha gfz x'gsf] nflu ;do lgs6 cfpF5 ta pN6f] a'l4 eP/
pN6f] sfd ug{ yfNb5g\ . s;}n] ltgLx¿nfO{ ;Lwf ;DemfPdf klg pN6f] dfGb5g\ / pN6f] ;DemfPdf
t To;nfO{ ;Lwf dfGb5g\ . ha 7"nf–7"nf ljåfg\ dxf/fhf, Clif, dxlif{x¿ dxfef/t o'4df dfl/P /
y'k|} d/]/ uP, ta ljBf / j]bf]Qm wd{sf] k|rf/ gi6 x'g yfNof] . O{iof{, å]if / cledfg cfk;df ug{
yfn] . h'g anjfg\ eof] To;n] b]znfO{ bafP/ /fhf ag]/ a:of] . To;/L g} ;j{q cfof{jt{ b]zdf
v08–a08 /fHo x'g uof] . k'gM åLk–åLkfGt/sf] /fHosf] Joj:yf s;n] ug]{ <
ha a|fXd0fx¿ ljBfxLg eP ta Iflqo, j}Zo / z"b|x¿sf cljåfg\ x'gdf t syf g} s] eÌ] <
h'g k/Dk/fb]lv j]bflb zf:qx¿sf] cy{;lxt k9\g] k|rf/ lyof], Tof] klg 5'6\of] . s]jn hLljsfy{
kf7dfq a|fXd0fx¿n] k9\gnfu] . ;f] kf7dfq klg Iflqo cflbnfO{ k9fPgg\ . lsgeg] ha cljåfgL
u'? ag] ta 5n, sk6, cwd{ klg pgdf a9\b} uof] . …a|fXd0fx¿n] ljrf/ ug{ yfn] ls cfˆgf]
hLljsfsf] k|aGw afFWg' kb{5 .Ú ;Ddlt u/]/ oxL lgZro ub}{ Iflqo cflbnfO{ pkb]z ug{ nfu] ls
xfdL g} ltd|f k"Hob]j xf}+ . lagf xfd|f] ;]jfn] ltdLnfO{ :ju{ / d'lQm ldNg] 5}g . lsGt' ltdLx¿ hf]
s;}n] xfd|f] ;]jf u/]gf} eg] t 3f]/ g/sdf kg]{5f} . h'g–h'g k"0f{ ljBfjfnf wfld{sx¿sf] gfd a|fXd0f
/ k"hgLo j]b / Clif–d'lgx¿sf zf:qdf n]lvPsf] lyof], To;nfO{ cfˆgf] d"v{, ljifoL, sk6L, nDk6,
cwdL{x¿dfly 36fP/ a;fP . st} tL cfKt ljåfg\x¿sf] nIf0f o:tf d"v{x¿df slxNo} 36\g
;Sb5 < k/Gt' ha Iflqoflb ohdfg ;+:s[t–ljBfn] cToGt /lxt eP, ta ltgLx¿sf] ;fd'Ì] h]–h]
ukm df/] To;–To;nfO{ lar/fx¿n] ;a} dfGb} uP . ha ltgLx¿n] dfg] ta oL gfddfqsf
…a|fXd0fx¿Ú sf] eg]h:tf] x'g yfNof] . ;a}nfO{ cfˆgf] jrg–hfndf afFw]/ jzLe"t u/fP / eÌ yfn]
ls—
a|XdjfSo+ hgfb{gM ..
cyf{t\ h'g a|fXd0fx¿sf] d'vaf6 jrg lg:sG5, Tof] hfÌ' ls ;fIfft\ eujfg\sf] d'vaf6
lg:sG5 . ha Iflqoflb j0f{ …cfFvfsf cGwf / ufF7sf k"/fÚ cyf{t\ leqL ljBfsf] cfFvf] k'm6]sf] t/
wg;DklQn] kl/k"0f{ ePsf, o:tf–o:tf r]nfx¿ ldNb} uP, k]ml/ t s] lyof] / oL Joy{ gfddfqsf
a|fXd0fx¿nfO{ ljifofgGbsf] pkjg ldNof] . of] klg ltgLx¿n] k|l;4 u/] ls h]–hlt k[YjLdf pQd
kbfy{x¿ 5g\, tL ;a} a|fXd0fx¿sf nflu x'g\ . cyf{t\ h'g u'0f, sd{, :jefjaf6 a|fXd0fflb
j0f{Joj:yf lyof], To;nfO{ gi6 u/]/ hGdsf] cfwf/df /fv] / d[ts tyf :qL ko{Gtsf] bfg klg
ohdfgx¿af6 lng yfn] . h:tf] cfˆgf] OR5f eof] To:t} ub}{ hfg yfn] . oxfF;Dd ls …xfdL e"b]j
xf}+Ú xfd|f] ;]jfsf] lagf b]jnf]s s;}nfO{ ldNg ;Sb}g . ltgLx¿;Fu ;f]Wg'kb{5 ls ltdLx¿ s'g nf]sdf
hfG5f} < ltd|f sfd t 3f]/ g/sdf ef]Ugkg]{vfn] 5g\Ù s[ld, sL6 aÌ]5f} . ta t cToGt qmf]lwt eP/
eÌ]5g\ ls— æxfdL …>fkÚ lbG5f}+, ltd|f] gfz x'g]5, lsgls n]lvPsf] 5 …a|Xdå]ifL ljgZoltÚ
a|fXd0fx¿;Fu å]if ug]{jfnf gi6 eP/ hfG5 .Æ xf], of] s'/f] t ;fFrf] xf] ls ;Dk"0f{ j]b, / k/dfTdfnfO{
hfÌ]jfnf, wdf{Tdf, ;a} hut\sf] pksf/s k'?ifx¿;Fu hf] s;}n] å]if ub{5, Tof] cjZo gi6 x'G5 .
k/Gt' hf] a|fXd0f 5}g, To;sf] g a|fXd0f gfd / g t To;sf] ;]jf ug{ g} of]Uo x'G5 . k/Gt' ltdL t
a|fXd0f xf]Ogf} .
k|Zg— To;f] eP xfdL sf] xf}+ t <
 pQ/— ltdL …kf]kÚ xf} .
k|Zg— …kf]kÚ s;nfO{ eGb5g\ <
pQ/— jf:tjdf o;sf] cy{ …/f]dg efiffdfÚ t luhf{3/sf] 7"nf] / lktfsf] gfd …kf]kÚ xf] k/Gt'
clxn] 5n–sk6af6 csf{nfO{ 7u]/ cfˆgf] k|of]hg kmQ] ug]{jfnfnfO{ …kf]kÚ eGb5g\ .
k|Zg— xfdL t a|fXd0f / ;fw' xf}+ . lsgeg] xfd|f lktf a|fXd0f / dftf a|fXd0fL tyf xfdL
cd's ;fw'sf r]nf xf}+ .
pQ/— of] ;fFrf] xf], k/Gt' ;'g efO Û cfdf–a'af a|fXd0fL–a|fXd0f x'gfn] / s'g} ;fw'sf] lzio
x'Fb}df a|fXd0f jf ;fw' x'g ;Sb}gf}, lsGt' a|fXd0f / ;fw' t cfˆgf] pQd u'0f, sd{, :jefjaf6 x'G5g\,
h'g ls k/f]ksf/L xf];\ .
;'g]sf 5f}+ ls h;/L /f]dsf …kf]kÚ cfˆgf r]nfx¿nfO{ eGy] ls ltdLn] cfˆgf] kfk xfd|f] ;fd'Ì]
eGof} eg] t xfdLn] Ifdf ul/lbg] 5f}+ . lagf xfd|f] ;]jf / cf1fn] sf]xL klg :ju{ hfg ;Sb}g . olb
ltdL :ju{df hfg rfxG5f} eg] t hlt ?k}ofF hDdf ug]{5f} Tolt g} ;fdfu|L :ju{df ltdLnfO{ ldNg] 5,
ha s;}n] nfv ?k}ofF :ju{sf] OR5f u/]/ …kf]khLÚ nfO{ lbGYof], ta Tof] …kf]khLÚ O{;f / dl/odsf]
d"lt{sf] ;fd'Ì] x'08L n]v]/ o:tf] sfuh lbGYof] ls—
æx] v'bfjGb O{;fd;L Û cd's dg'ion] t]/f] gfddf nfv ?k}ofF :ju{df cfpgsf] nflu xfdL;Fu
hDdf u/fPsf] 5 . ha Tof] :ju{df cfpF5 ta t}+n] cfˆgf] lktfsf] :ju{sf] /fHodf kRrL; xhf/
?k}ofFdf afu–au}+rf, 3/Ù kRrL; xhf/df ;jf/L, gf]s/–rfs/Ù kRrL; xhf/df vfg]–lkpg],
n'ufkmf6f]–;'Tg–a:gsf] nflu ;a} ;/hfd / kRrL; xhf/sf] Oi6 ldqx¿sf nflu lhofkmt
cyf{t\ vflt/bf/L cflbsf] nflu lbg' . of] x'08LnfO{ :jLsfl/lbg' .Æ —;xL kf]khLsf] .
k]ml/ kf]khL cfk}mn] ;xL u/]/ x'08Lsf] sfuh p;nfO{ ydfP/ eGbYof] ls— æha tF db{5;\
ta of] x'08L klg sa/ -lrxfg_ df uf8\gsf] nflu cfˆgf s'6'DanfO{ elglbg' . ha kml/Ztf -b"tx¿_
cfpg]5g\ ta tFnfO{ / x'08LnfO{ ;fy}df n}hfg]5g\ / n]lvPsf] k|df0f adf]lhd rLhx¿ tFnfO{ pknAw
u/fpg]5g\ .Æ
ca hfg ls :ju{sf 7]s]bf/x¿ log} kf]khL x'g\ . ha;Dd o"/f]kdf d"v{tf lyof], ta;Dd jxfF
kf]knLnf rNbYof] . clxn] ljBfjfg\ x'gfn] e'm6f] nLnf w]/} u/]/ rNb}g, lsGt' lgd"{n klg ePsf] 5}g .
To;/L g} cfof{jt{ b]zdf klg kf]khLx¿n] nfvf}+ cjtf/ lnP/ nLnf lk+mhfO/x]sf 5g\, cyf{t\
/fhf / k|hfn] ljBf gk9\g], /fd|f k'?ifx¿sf] ;Ët ug{ glbg], /ft–lbg axsfpg'sf] l;jfo c¿ s]xL
klg sfd ub}{gg\ . k/Gt' of] Wofgdf /fVg' ls h;–h;n] 5n, sk6 / :jfy{sf] nLnf ub{5g\,
ltgLx¿nfO{ g} …kf]kÚ eGb5g\, hf] ltgLx¿df klg wfld{s ljåfg\ k/f]ksf/L x'G5g\, tL ;Rrf a|fXd0f /
;fw' x'g\ . ca ltg} kf]kx¿ cyf{t\ 5nL–sk6L–:jfyL{x¿, ædg'ionfO{ 7u]/ cfˆgf] k|of]hg l;4
ug{]x¿sf nflu g}Æ u|x0f …kf]kÚ zAbaf6 ug{ / …a|fXd0fÚ tyf …;fw'Ú gfdaf6 pQd k'?ifx¿nfO{
:jLsf/ ug{ of]Uo x'G5 .
x]/ Û olb sf]xL klg pQd a|fXd0f jf ;fw' x'Fb}gYof] eg] t j]bflbzf:qx¿sf] k':ts
:j/;lxtsf] k7g–kf7g, h}g, d';ndfg / O{;fO{ cflbaf6 arfP/ cfo{x¿nfO{ j]bflb zf:qdf
k|Llto'Qm / j0ff{>ddf /fVg] sfd s;n] ug{ ;SbYof] <
…ljiffbKod[t+ u|fXod\ .Ú —dg':d[lt -cWofo @÷Znf]s @#(_ ..
ljifb]lv klg cd[tsf] u|x0f ug{'s} ;dfg kf]knLnfaf6 axsfpFbf klg cfo{x¿n] h}g cflb
dtx¿b]lv ar]/ /xg' ljifdf cd[ts} ;dfg u'0f ;Demg'kb{5 .
ha ohdfg ljBfxLg x'guP / cfk"mx¿ s]xL k"hf–kf7 k9]/ cledfgdf cfPk5fl8 ;a} hgfn]
;Ddlt u/]/ /fhf cflb;Fu eg] ls a|fXd0f / ;fw' cb08Ø x'G5, x]/ Û …a|fXd0ff] g xGtJoMÚ …;fw'g{
xGtJoMÚ o:tf–o:tf jrg h'g ls ;Rrf a|fXd0f / ;Rrf ;fw'x¿sf] ljifodf lyof], ;f] kf]kx¿n]
cfk"mdfly 36fpg yfn] . ;fy} y'k|} e'm§f–e'm§f jrgo'Qm u|Gy agfP/ To;df Clif–d'lgx¿sf gfd
/fVb} pgLx¿s} gfdaf6 ;'gfpg] ug{yfn] . tL k|ltli7t Clif–d'lgx¿sf gfdaf6 cljåfgLx¿n] dfÌ
yfn] . kZrft\ ha cfk"mdflyaf6 b08sf] Joj:yf x6fOlbP, k'gM oy]i6frf/ ug{ nfu], cyf{t\ o:tf
s8f lgod rnfP ls tL kf]kx¿sf] cf1fsf] lagf ;'Tg, a:g, hfg, cfpg klg ;Sb}gy] . /fhfx¿nfO{
o:tf] lgZro u/fP ls kf]k;+1s egfpFbf dfqsf a|fXd0f ;fw'n] rfx] h];'s} u/f];\, slxNo} klg b08
glbg" cyf{t\ pgLx¿dfly dgn] klg b08 lbg] ljrf/ ;f]Rg' x'Fb}g . ha o:tf] d"v{tf eof], ta h:tf]
kf]kx¿sf] OR5f x'GYof], To:t} ug{ yfn], cyf{t\ o; k|sf/n] laufg]{ h8Lsf] d"n dxfef/t o'4 eGbf
k"j{ Ps xhf/ jif{b]lv k|j[Q ePsf lyP . lsgeg] To; ;dodf Clif–d'lgx¿ klg lyP tyflk s]xL–
s]xL cfn:o, k|dfb, O{iof{, å]ifsf] cª\s'/ pld|Psf] lyof], Tof] a9\b}–a9\b} j[If x'g uof] . ha ;fFrf]
pkb]z /x]g ta cfof{jt{df cljBf k}mlnP/ cfk;df n8\g yfn] . lsgeg]—
jfddfu{sf] lg/fs/0f -!!=$_
pkb]Zof]kb]i6[Tjft\ tlT;l4M . Ot/yf˜Gwk/Dk/f ..
—of] ;f+Vo;"q -cWofo #÷;"q &(, *!_ sf] jrg xf] ..
ha pQd–pQd pkb]zs x'G5g\ ta /fd|f] t/x;Fu wd{, cy{, sfd / df]If l;4 x'G5g\ . / ha
pQd pkb]zs / >f]tf /xFb}gg\, ta cGwk/Dk/f rNgyfNb5 . k]ml/ klg ha ;Tk'?if lg:s]/
;Tof]kb]z ub{5, ta cGw–k/Dk/f gi6 eP/, k|sfzsf] k/Dk/f rNb5 . k'gM tL kf]kx¿ cfk"mnfO{ /
cfˆgf] r/0fsf] k"hf u/fpg nfu] clg eÌ yfn] ls o;}df ltd|f] sNof0f 5 . ha logLx¿ ltgsf
jzdf x'g uP, ta k|dfb / ljifof;lQmdf lgdUg eP/ uf]7fnfs} ;dfg e'm§f u'? / r]nf km;] . ljBf,
an, a'l4, k/fqmd, z"/jL/tflb z'eu'0f ;a} gi6 x'g yfNof] . kZrft\ Ps jfddfu{ lgsfn] . …lzj
pjfrÚ …kfj{To'jfrÚ …e}/j pjfrÚ OToflb gfd n]v]/ To;nfO{ tGq gfd /fv] . To;leq o:tf]–o:tf]
s'/f n]v] ls—
dB+ df+;+ r dLg+ r d'b|f d}y'gd]j r .
Pt] k~r dsf/fM :o'df]{Ifbf lx o'u] o'u] ..!.. —dxflgjf{0ftGq k~rdf]Nnf;Ù sfnLtGqflb ..
k|j[Q] e}/jLrq]m ;j]{ j0ff{ låhftoM .
lgj[Q] e}/jLrq]m ;j]{ j0ff{M k[ys\–k[ys\ ..@.. —s'nf0f{j tGq -*÷(^_ ..
kLTjf kLTjf k'gM kLTjf ofjTktlt e"tn] .
k'g?Tyfo j} kLTjf k'gh{Gd g ljBt] ..#.. —s'nf0f{j tGq -&÷!))_ ..
dft[of]lg+ kl/ToHo ljx/]t\ ;j{of]lgif' ..$..
j]bzf:qk'/f0fflg ;fdfGoul0fsf Oj .
Ps}j zfDejL d'b|f u'Ktf s'njw"l/j ..%..
—1fg;+sngL tGqÙ x7of]u k|bLlksf pkb]z -$÷#%_ ..
x]/ oL uj{u08 kf]kx¿sf] nLnf ls h'g rflx+ j]blj?4 dxf cwd{sf] sfd xf] To;}nfO{ >]i7,
jfddfuL{x¿n] dfg] . dB, df+;, dLg cyf{t\ df5f, d'b|f k"/L, /f]6L cflb rj{0f, of]lg / kfqfwf/ d'b|f
tyf kfFrf}+ d}y'g cyf{t\ k'?if hlt ;a} lzj / :qL hlt ;a} kfj{tLs} ;dfg dfg]/—
cx+ e}/j:Tj+ e}/jL Xofjof]/:t' ;ËdM .. —s'nf0f{jtGq pNnf; -*÷(&, !)@_ ..
rfx] s'g} k'?if jf :qL g} lsg gxf];\ o:tf] pm6–k6f+u jrgnfO{ k9]/ ;dfud ug{df tL
jfddfuL{x¿n] bf]if dfGb}gg\ . cyf{t\ h'g gLr :qLx¿nfO{ 5'g x'Fb}g, ltg}nfO{ cltkljq logLx¿n]
dfg]sf 5g\ . h;/L zf:qx¿df /h:jnf cflb :qLx¿sf] :kz{sf] lgif]w ul/Psf] 5, To;nfO{
jfddfuL{x¿n] clt kljq dfg]sf 5g\ . ;'g Û logLx¿sf Znf]s v08 a08—
/h:jnf k'is/+ tLy{+ rf08fnL t' :jo+ sfzL,
rd{sf/L k|ofuM :ofb|hsL dy'/f dtf .
cof]Wof k'Ss;L k|f]Qmf . —OToflb -–?b|ofdn tGq_ ..
/h:jnfsf] ;fydf ;dfud ugf{n] hfÌ' k'is/ tLy{sf] :gfg, rf08fnLsf] ;fydf ;dfud
ugf{n] sfzLsf] ofqf, rdf/L;Fu ;dfud ugf{n] hfÌ' k|ofusf] :gfg, wf]aLsL :qLsf] ;fydf ;dfud
ugf{n] dy'/f–ofqf / s~h/Lsf] ;fydf nLnf ugf{n] hfÌ' ls cof]Wof–tLy{ u/]/ cfof} . dBsf] gfd
…tLy{Ú, df+;sf] gfd …z'l4Ú / …k'ikÚ, df5fsf] gfd …t[tLofÚ / …hnt'lDasfÚ, d'b|fsf] gfd …rt'yL{Ú,
d}y'gsf] gfd …k~rdLÚ . o:tf gfd ltgLx¿n] o;sf] nflu /fv] ls c¿ s;}n] a'‰g g;s"g\ . cfˆgf]
gfd sf}n, cfb|{, jL/, zfDej / u0f cflb /fv]sf 5g\ . k]ml/ h'g jfddfu{ dtdf 5}g, To;nfO{
…s06sÚ, …ljd'vÚ, …z'iskz'Ú cflb gfd /fv]sf 5g\ ..!..
/ eGb5g\ ls ha e}/jLrqm x'G5, ta p;df a|fXd0fb]lv lnP/ rf08fnko{Gtsf] gfd låh x'g
hfG5, / ha e}/jLrqmb]lv cnu ePdf t, ;a} cfˆgf–cfˆgf j0f{:y x'g hfG5g\ . e}/jLrqmdf
jfddfuL{x¿ e"ld jf k§fdf Ps laGb', lqsf]0f, rt'isf]0f, jQ'{nfsf/ agfP/ To;df dBsf] 3}+6f] /fv]/
To;sf] k"hf ub{5g\, k]ml/ o:tf] dGq k9\b5g\— …a|Xdzfk+ ljdf]roÚ x] dB Û tF a|Xdf cflbsf] >fkb]lv
/lxt eP;\ . Ps u'Kt :yfgdf ls hxfF l;jfo jfddfuL{ afx]s c¿nfO{ cfpg lb+b}gg\, ToxfF :qL /
k'?if hDdf x'G5g\ . Pp6L :qLnfO{ gfËL agfP/ k"Hb5g\ / :qLx¿n] s'g} Ps hgf k'?ifnfO{ gfËf]
agfP/ k"Hb5g\ . k'gM s'g} s;}sL :qL, s'g} cfˆgL jf csf{sL sGof, s'g} s;}sL cfdf, alxgL, a'xf/L
cflb cfpF5g\ . kZrft\ Ps kfqdf dB e/]/ df;' klg 7"nf] yfnLdf /fVb5g\ . To; dBsf] Kofnf h'g
ls pgLx¿sf cfrfo{ x'G5, To;n] xftdf lnP/ …e}/jf]˜xd\Ú …lzjf]˜xd\Ú …d e}/j jf lzj xF"Ú eGb} lkpg
yfNb5 . To;s} h"7f] kfqn] c¿n] klg lkpg yfNb5g\, / ha s;}sL :qL jf j]ZofnfO{ gfËL agfP/
cyjf s'g} k'?ifnfO{ gfËf] agfP/ To;sf] xftdf tnjf/ ydfpFb} :qLsf] gfd b]jL / k'?ifsf] gfd
dxfb]j /fVb5g\, pgLx¿sf pk:y -u'KtfË_ OlGb|osf] k"hf ub{5g\, ta p; b]jL jf lzjnfO{ dBsf]
Kofnf lkofP/, ToxL h"7f] kfqn] Ps–Ps Kofnf ;a}n] lkpF5g\ . k]ml/ To;} k|sf/ qmd}n] lkP/ lkpFbf–
lkpFb} pGdQ eP/, rfx] s'g} s;}sf] alxgL xf];\, rfx] sGof jf cfdf xf];\, h;sf] ;fy h;sf] OR5f
x'G5, p;}sf] ;fydf s'sd{ ub{5g\ . slxn]–sflx+ clws gzf r9\bfdf nfQL jf h'Qfn] xfgfxfg\,
d'8\sLn] xfgfxfg\, s]z n'5fn'5 u/]/ cfk;df n8\b5g\ . s'g}–s'g}n] ToxL+ jdg klg ub{5g\ .
ltgLx¿df h'g k'u]sf] x'G5 Tof] …c3f]/LÚ cyf{t\ l;4df ulgG5, To;n] jdg u/]sf] rLhnfO{ klg
vfOlbG5 . cyf{t\ logLx¿sf ;a} eGbf 7"nf l;4x¿sf] s'/f] of] 5 ls—
xfnf+ lkalt bLlIft:o dlGb/], ;'Ktf] lgzfof+ ul0fsfu[x]if' .
lj/fht] sf}njrqmjtL{ .. —s'nf0f{jtGq, pNnf; ( ..
hf] …bLlIftÚ cyf{t\ snf/sf] 3/df uP/ af]tn dfly af]tn yKb5 . /08Lx¿sf] 3/df uP/
s'sd{ u/]/ ;'Tb5, h;n] OToflb sd{ lgn{Hh, lgMzÍ eP/ ub{5, ToxL jfddfuL{x¿df ;jf]{kl/ d'Vo
rqmjtL{ /fhfsf] ;dfg dflgG5 . cyf{t\ hlt 7"nf] s'sdL{ ToxL g} ltgLx¿df 7"nf], / h;n] /fd|f]
sfd ub{5 / g/fd|f sfdx¿b]lv 8/fpF5 Tof] Tolt g} ;fgf] . lsgeg]—
kfza4f] ej]HhLjM kfzd'QmM ;bf lzjM .. —1fg;+sngL tGq, Znf]s $# ..
o:tf] tGqdf eGb5g\ ls hf] nf]snHhf, zf:qnHhf, s'nnHhf, b]znHhf cflb kfzf]df
afFlwG5 Tof] …hLjÚ / hf] lgn{Hh eP/ g/fd|f sfdx¿ ub{5 ToxL g} ;bf …lzjÚ xf] ..@..
…p•L;Ú tGq cflbdf Ps k|of]u n]lvPsf] 5 ls Ps 3/df rf/}lt/af6 cfno xf];\ . To;df
dBsf] af]tn e/]/ /flvlbg] . To; cfnodf Ps af]tn lkP/, csf]{ cfnodf hfcf];\ . k]ml/ To;af6
klg lkP/ t];|f]df hfcf];\, t];|f]af6 lkP/ k]ml/ rf}yf] cfnodf hfcf];\ . pleP/} ta;Dd dB lkof];\
ha;Dd ¿v n8\bfe}+m k[YjLdf gn8f];\ . k]ml/ ha gzf pq]df To;/L lkof];\ ls ha;Dd k[YjLdf
lub}{g . o;/L g} k'gM t];|f] k6s lkP/ lu/]sf] dfG5] p7]df t k'gh{Gd x'g] 5}g, cyf{t \ ;fFrf] t of] xf]
ls o:tf dg'iox¿sf] k'gM dg'iohGd x'g sl7g 5, lsGt' gLr of]lgdf ax'sfnko{Gt kl//xg]5 ..#..
jfddfuL{x¿sf] tGq–u|Gyx¿df of] lgod 5 ls Ps cfdfnfO{ dfq 5f]8\g' afFsL s;}nfO{ klg
g5f]8\g' cyf{t\ rfx] sGof jf lbbL–alxgL cflb g} lsg gx"g\, ;a}sf] ;fydf ;+ud ug'{kb{5 . oL
jfddfuL{x¿df bz dxfljBf k|l;4 5g\, To; dWo]df Pp6f dftËL ljBfjfnfn] eGb5 ls …dft/dlk
g Toh]t\Ú cyf{t\ cfdfnfO{ klg ;dfud u/] lagf g5f]8\g" . k]ml/ :qL k'?ifsf] ;dfudsf] ;dodf dGq
hKb5g\ ls xfdLnfO{ l;l4 k|fKt ecf];\ . o:tf ax'nfxf tfnsf dfG5]x¿ klg ;+;f/df ;f/} g} Go"g
xf]nfg\ ..$..
h'g dg'ion] e'm6sf] v]tL ug{ rfxG5, To;n] ;Tosf] lgGbf cjZo ub{5 . x]/ Û oL jfddfuL{
s] eGb5g\ < j]b zf:q, / k'/f0f oL ;a} ;fdfGo j]Zofx¿sf] t'No x'g\ / h'g Tof] zfDejL jfddfu{sf]
d'b|f xf], Tof] u'Kt s'nsL :qLx¿sf] t'No 5 ..%..
o;}n] logLx¿n] ;j{yf j]blj?4 dt lgsfn]sf 5g\ . kZrft\ logLx¿sf] dt w]/} rNof] . ta
w"t{tf u/]/ j]bx¿sf] gfdaf6 klg jfddfuL{sf] nLnf stf–slt rNg yfNof] . cyf{t\—
;f}qfd0of+ ;'/f+ lka]t\ . —t'ngf [zt=a|f=-sf+=!@÷#÷%÷@_ tyf -a=$÷s+=%_] ..
k|f]lIft+ eIfo]Gdf+;d\ . —dg:d[lt -cWofo %÷Znf]s @&_ ..
j}lbsL lx+;f lx+;f g ejlt ..!.. —t'ngf [dg':d[lt -cWofo %÷Znf]s $$_] ..
g df+;eIf0f] bf]iff] g dB] g r d}y'g] . k|j[lQ/]iff e"tfgf+ lgj[lQ:t' dxfkmnf ..@..
—dg':d[lt -cWofo %÷Znf]s %^_ ..
…;f}qfd0fLÚ o1df dB lkof];, o;sf] cy{ t of] xf] ls ;f}qfd0fL o1df …;f]d/;Ú cyf{t\
;f]djNnLsf] /; lkof];\ .
 …k|f]lIftÚ cyf{t\ o1df df;' vfgdf bf]if 5}g, o:tf–o:tf kfd/kgsf s'/fx¿ jfddfuL{x¿n]
rnfPsf 5g\ .
ltgLx¿;Fu ;f]Wg'kb{5 ls olb j}lbsL lx+;f lx+;f x'Fb}g eg] t, tF / t]/f s'6'DanfO{ df/]/ xf]d
u/]df t s]sf] lrGtf < ..!..
df+;eIf0f ug{, dB lkpg, k/:qLudg ug{ cflbdf bf]if 5}g, o:tf] eÌ' 5f]s/kg xf] . lsgeg]
lagf k|f0fLx¿nfO{ kL8f glbOsg df+; k|fKt x'Fb}g, / lagf ck/fwsf] kL8f lbg' wd{sf] sfd xf]Og .
dBkfgsf] t ;j{yf g} lgif]w 5Fb}5, lsgeg] clxn];Dd jfddfuL{x¿sf] lagf c¿ s;}sf] u|Gydf
n]lvPsf] 5}g, lsGt' ;j{q lgif]w 5 . ;fy} lagf ljjfxsf] d}y'gdf klg bf]if 5, o;nfO{ lgbf]{if
eÌ]jfnf g} ;bf]if xf] ..@..
o:t}–o:t} jrg klg kljq Clifx¿sf u|Gydf xfn]/ sof}+ Clif–d'lgx¿sf] gfdn] u|Gy agfP/
…uf]d]wÚ, …cZjd]wÚ gfdsf o1 klg u/fpg yfn]sf lyP . cyf{t\ …oL kz'x¿nfO{ df/]/ xf]d ugf{n],
ohdfg / kz'nfO{ :ju{sf] k|flKt x'G5Ú o:tf] k|l;l4sf] lgZro t of] xf] ls a|fXd0fu|Gyx¿df
cZjd]w, uf]d]w, g/d]w cflb zAbx¿ 5g\, ltgsf 7Ls–7Ls cy{ hfg]g\ . lsgeg] olb hfGby] eg] t
o:tf] cgy{ lsg ub{y] <
k|Zg— cZjd]w, uf]d]w, g/d]w cflb zAbx¿sf] cy{ s] xf] t <
pQ/— o;sf] cy{ of] xf] ls—
/fi6«+ jf cZjd]wM .. —ztky a|fXd0f] -!#÷!÷^÷#_ ..
cÌšlx uf}M .. —ztkya|fXd0f] -$÷#÷!÷@%_ ..
clUgjf{ cZjM .. —ztkya|fXd0f] -#÷%÷!÷%_ ..
cfHo+ d]wM .. —ztkya|fXd0f] [t'ngf— -!#÷@÷!!÷@_] ..
3f]8f, ufO{ cflb kz' tyf dg'ionfO{ df/]/ xf]d ug{ sxL+ klg n]lvPsf] 5}g . lsGt' of] s'/f
klg jfddfuL{x¿n] g} rnfPsf x'g\, / hxfF–hxfF n]v 5, Tof]–Tof] klg jfddfuL{x¿n] k|If]k u/]sf x'g\ .
x]/ Û /fhfn] Gofo wd{af6 k|hfsf] kfng u/f];\, ljBflb lbnfpg] ohdfg / clUgdf £o" cflbsf] xf]d
ug'{ …cZjd]wÚÙ cÌ, OlGb|ox¿, ls/0f k[YjL cflbnfO{ kljq /fVg' …uf]d]wÚÙ ha dg'io db{5, ta p;sf]
z/L/nfO{ ljlwk"j{s bfx ug'{ …g/d]wÚ elgG5 .
k|Zg— o1stf{ eGb5g\ ls o1 ugf{n] ohdfg / kz' :ju{ufdLÙ tyf xf]d u/]/ k]ml/ kz'nfO{
lhTg] ub{y], of] s'/f] ;fFrf] xf] ls xf]Og <
pQ/— ;fFrf] xf]Og . olb :ju{ hfG5 eg] t o:tf s'/f eÌ]nfO{ df/]/, xf]d u/]/, :ju{df
k'¥ofpg'kb{5 jf To;sf lk|o dftf, lktf, :qL / k'qflbnfO{ df/]/ xf]d u/]/ :ju{df lsg k'¥ofpFb}gg\ <
jf j]bLaf6 k'gM lsg Ao'FtfpFb}gg\ <
k|Zg— ha o1 ub{5g\ ta j]bx¿sf dGq k9\b5g\ . olb j]bdf x'Gy]g eg] t sxfFaf6
k9\by] <
pQ/— dGqn] s;}nfO{ sxL+ klg k9\gdf /f]Sb}g, lsgeg] Tof] Ps zAb xf] . k/Gt' pgsf cy{
o:tf] xf]Og ls k'znfO{ df/]/ xf]d ug'{ . h:t} …cUgo] :jfxfÚ OToflb dGqx¿sf] cy{— …clUgdf xlj,
k[i6Øflbsf/s 3[tflb pQd kbfy{x¿sf] xf]d ugf{n] jfo', j[li6, hn, z'4 eP/ hut\nfO{ ;'vsf/s
u/fpFb5,Ú k/Gt' oL ;To cy{x¿nfO{ tL d"9n] a'‰b}gy] . lsgeg] hf] :jfy{a'l4 x'G5g\, ltgLx¿ cfˆgf]
:jfy{ ug{sf] cltl/Qm bf];|f] s]xL klg hfGb}gg\, dfGb}gg\ . ha oL kf]kx¿sf] o:tf] cgfrf/ b]v]/
csf{lt/ d/]sfsf] tk{0f, >f4flb u/]sf] b]v]/ Ps dxfeoÍ/, j]bflb–zf:qlgGbs, af}4 / h}g dt
k|rlnt ePsf] xf] . ;'lgG5 ls o;} b]zdf uf]/vk'/sf] Pp6f /fhf lyof], p;af6 kf]kx¿n] o1 u/fP .
p;sL lk|o /fgLsf] ;dfud 3f]8fsf] ;fydf u/fpgfn] /fgL d/]kl5, j}/fUojfg\ eP/ cfˆgf] k'qnfO{
/fHo lbP/, cfk"m ;fw' ag]/, kf]kx¿sf] kf]n vf]Ng yfNof] . To;}sf] zfvf¿k …rf/jfsÚ / …cfef0fsÚ
dt klg cfPsf] lyof] . ltgLx¿n] o; k|sf/;Fu Znf]s agfPsf 5g\—
kz'Zr]lÌxtM :ju{+ Hof]lti6f]d] uldiolt . :jlktf ohdfg]g tq sy+ g lx+:ot] ..!..
d[tfgfldx hGt"gf+ >f4+ r]Q[lKtsf/0fd\ . uR5tfldx hGt"gf+ Joy{+ kfy]osNkgd\ ..@..
—;j{bz{g;+u|x -rf/jfs bz{g, Znf]s $–%_ ..
olb df/]/ clUgdf xf]d ugf{n] kz' :ju{df hfG5 eg] t, ohdfg cfˆgf] lktf cflbnfO{ df/]/
:ju{df lsg k7fpFb}g ..!.. olb d/]sf dg'iox¿sf] t[lKtsf] nflu >f4 / tk{0f x'G5 eg] t, ljb]zdf
hfg]x¿sf nflu af6fvr{ vfg–lkpgsf] nflu eg]/, kf]sf] kf/]/ n}hfg' Joy{ 5 . lsgeg] ha
d[tsnfO{ >f4, tk{0fn] cÌhn k'Ub5 eg] t, hLpFb} k/b]z /x]sf jf af6fdf hfFb} u/]sfsf nflu
3/df efG5fdf ksfOPsf] vfgf yfnLdf k:s]/ c+v/fe/L hn lnP/ k/b]zL jf a6'jfsf] gfddf
/flvlbgfn] lsg k'Ug ;Sb}g < ha hLpFbf b"/ b]z cyjf bz xft k/ a;]sfnfO{ lbPsf] k'Ub}g eg] t,
emg} d/]sfx¿nfO{ lbPsf] t s'g} k|sf/n] klg k'Ug ;Sb}g ..@..
pgLx¿sf o:tf o'lQml;4 pkb]zx¿nfO{ dfÌ yfn] / pgLx¿sf] dt a9\g yfNof] . ha y'k|}
/fhf / wgLdfgLx¿ pgsf dtdf eP ta kf]khL klg pg}lt/ e'ms], lsgeg] logLx¿nfO{ htf
uhasf ukmf8L ldNb5g\, pt} hfg yfn] . wdfwd h}g aGb} uP . h}gdf klg c¿ y'k|} k|sf/sf]
kf]knLnf 5, ;f] !@cf}+ ;d'Nnf;df n]Vg]5' . y'k|}n] logLx¿sf dtnfO{ :jLsf/ u/] k/Gt' sltn] t h'g
kj{t, sfzL, sÌf}h, klZrd, blIf0f b]zjf;Lx¿ lyP, pgLx¿n] h}gx¿sf] dtnfO{ :jLsf/ u/]sf
lyPgg\ . tL h}gLx¿n] j]bsf] cy{nfO{ ghfg]/ aflxl/ofsf kf]knLnfsf] e|flGtn] j]bdfly dfg]/, j]x¿sf]
klg lgGbf ug{ yfn] . o;sf] k7gkf7g, o1f]kjLtflb / a|Xdrof{lb lgodx¿nfO{ klg gfz u/] . hxfF
hlt k':ts j]bflbsf kfP, gi6 u/] . cfo{x¿dfly y'k|} /fh;Qf klg rnfP / b'Mv lbP . ha
ltgLx¿nfO{ eo, zÍf /x]g, ta cfˆgf dtjfnf u[x:y / ;fw'x¿sf] k|lti7f / j]bdfuL{x¿nfO{
ckdfg / kIfkft;Fu b08 klg lbg yfn] . ;fy} cfk"mx¿ P]z–cf/fd / 3d08df cfP/, k'mNg yfn] .
d} x"F eGb} 8'Ng–lkmg{ yfn] . Cifeb]jb]lv lnP/ dxfjL/–ko{Gt cfˆgf tLy{Í/x¿sf 7"nf–7"nf d"lt{x¿
agfP/ k"hf ug{ yfn], cyf{t\ kfiff0fflb d"lt{k"hfsf] h8 h}gLx¿af6 rNof] . k/d]Zj/nfO{ dfÌ Go"g
x'g yfNof], ;a} kfiff0fflb d"lt{k"hfdf nfu] . o:tf] tLg ;o jif{ ko{Gt;Dd cfof{jQ{df h}gx¿sf] /fh
/Xof] . k|foM cfo{x¿ pg}df ldn]/ z"b|k|fo j]bfy{–1fgb]lv z"Go x'g uPsf lyP . of] s'/f] cg'dfgn]
sf]O{ ;f9] b'O{ xhf/ jif{ JotLt eof] xf]nf .
afO{; ;o jif{ eof] ls Ps …zÍ/frfo{Ú b|lj0fb]zf]TkÌ a|fXd0f a|Xdro{af6 Jofs/0fflb ;a}
zf:qx¿nfO{ k9]/ ;f]Rg nfu] ls cxx Û ;To cfl:ts j]bsf] dt 5'6\g' / h}g gfl:ts dt rNg', 7"nf]
g} xflgsf] s'/f ePsf] 5, o;nfO{ x6fpg'kb{5 . zÍ/frfo{n] zf:q t k9]s} lyP . k/Gt' h}g dtsf
k':ts klg k9]sf lyP / ltgLx¿sf o'lQm klg Psbd k|an lyP . pgn] ljrf/ u/] ls logLx¿nfO{
s;/L x6fpg] < lgZro eof] ls pkb]z / zf:qfy{ u/]df t logLx¿ x6\g]5g\ . o:tf] ljrf/ u/]/
pHh}gdf cfP . jxfF Tof] ;dodf …;'wGjfÚ /fhf lyP, h;n] h}gLx¿sf] u|Gy / s]x L ;+:s[t klg k9]sf
lyP . ToxfF uP/ zÍ/frfo{n] j]bsf] pkb]z ug{ nfu] / /fhf;Fu ldn]/ eg] ls tkfO{+n] ;+:s[t /
h}gLx¿sf klg u|Gy k9\g'ePsf] 5, h}g dtnfO{ dfÌ'x'G5, o;}n] d tkfO{;Fu eGb5' ls h}gLx¿sf
kl08tx¿;Fu d]/f] zf:qfy{ u/fpg'xf];\, o; k|lt1fdf ls— …h;n] xfg]{5 p;n] lhTg]jfnfsf] dtnfO{
:jLsf/ ug]{ / tkfO{+n] klg lhTg]jfnfsf] dtnfO{ :jLsf/ ug'{xf]nf .Ú
oBlk ;'wGjf h}g dtdf lyP tyflk ;+:s[t u|Gy k9\gfn] pgsf] cfFvf s]xL v'n]sf] lyof] .
To;}n] pgL cToGt kz' lyPgg\ . lsgeg] hf] ljåfg\ x'G5, To;n] ;To / c;Tosf] k/LIff u/]/
;TonfO{ dfGb5 / c;TonfO{ 5f]8\b5 . ha;Dd ;'wGjf /fhfnfO{ 7"nf ljåfg\ pkb]zs ldn]sf
lyPgg\, ta;Dd ;Gb]xdf lyP ls logLx¿df s'g rflx+ ;To xf] / s'g rflx+ c;To xf] < ha
zÍ/frfo{sf] o:tf] s'/f ;'g], Psbd} k|;Ìtf x'Fb} eg] ls d}n] zf:qfy{ u/fP/ ;Tof˜;Tosf] lg0f{o
cjZo u/fpg]5' . h}gLx¿sf kl08tx¿nfO{ 6f9f–6f9fb]lv af]nfP/ ;ef u/fP . To;df zÍ/frfo{sf]
j]bdt / h}gLx¿sf] j]blj?4 dt lyof] . cyf{t\ zËs/frfo{sf] kIf j]bdtsf] :yfkg / h}gLx¿sf]
v08gÙ h}gLx¿sf] cfˆgf] dtsf] :yfkg / j]bsf] v08g kIf lyof] . zf:qfy{ sof}+ lbg;Dd eof] .
h}gLx¿sf] dt of] lyof] ls— …;[li6sf] stf{ cgflb O{Zj/ sf]O{ xf]OgÙ of] hut\ / hLj cgflb xf], oL
b'O6}sf] pTklQ / gfz slxNo} x'Fb}g .Ú o;b]lv lj?4 zÍ/frfo{sf] dt lyof] ls— …cgflb l;4
k/dfTdf g} hut\sf] stf{ xf]Ù of] hut\ / hLj e'm6f] xf]Ù lsgeg] p;} k/d]Zj/n] cfˆgf] dfofn] hut\
agfof]Ù jxL wf/0f / k|nostf{ xf]Ù / of] hLj / k|k~r :jKgjt\ 5Ù k/d]Zj/ cfk}m g} ;a} ¿k x'Fb}
nLnf ul//x]sf] 5 .Ú
w]/} lbg;Dd zf:qfy{ e}/Xof] . k/Gt' cGtdf o'lQm / k|df0faf6 h}gLx¿sf] dt vl08t /
zÍ/frfo{sf] dt cvl08t /Xof] . ta tL h}gLx¿sf kl08t / ;'wGjf /fhfn] j]bdtnfO{ :jLsf/ u/],
h}gdtnfO{ 5f]l8lbP . k'gM 7"nf] xNnf eof] / ;'wGjfn] cfˆgf ldq /fhfx¿nfO{ kq n]v]/ zf:qfy{
u/fP . k/Gt' h}gLx¿sf] k/fhosf] ;do x'gfn] k/flht x'Fb} uP . kZrft\ zÍ/frfo{nfO{ ;j{q
cfof{jt{df 3'Dgsf] nflu k|aGw ;'wGjflb /fhfx¿n] ul/lbP / pgsf] /Iffsf] nflu ;fydf gf]s/–
rfs/ klg /flvlbP . To;} ;doaf6 ;a}sf] o1f]kjLt x'g yfNof] / j]bx¿sf] k7gkf7g klg rNof] .
bz jif{sf] leqdf ;j{q cfof{jt{df 3'd]/ h}gLx¿sf] v08g / j]bx¿sf] d08g u/] . k/Gt'
zÍ/frfo{sf] ;dodf …h}g–ljWj+;Ú cyf{t\ hlt klg d"lt{x¿ h}gLx¿sf k'm6]sf lg:sG5g\, tL ;a}
zÍ/frfo{sf] ;dodf k'm6]sf lyP . k]ml/ hlt gk'm6]sf lg:sG5g\, tL h}gLx¿n] e"lddf ufl8lbPsf
lyP tfls s;}n] gk'm6fn"g\ eg]/ . ltg} ce}m;Dd klg sxL+ st} e"ldaf6 lg:sG5g\ . zÍ/frfo{sf] k"j{
z}jdt klg s]xL yf]/} lyof], To;sf] klg v08g u/] . jfddfuL{x¿sf] v08g u/] . Tof] ;dodf o;
b]zdf wg y'k|} lyof] / :jb]zelQm klg lyof] . h}gLx¿sf dlGb/ zÍ/frfo{ / ;'wGjfn] k'm6fn]sf
lyPgg\ t/ ltg}df j]bflbsf] kf7zfnf agfpg] OR5f eg] u/]sf lyP .
ha j]bdtsf] :yfkgf e};Sof], / ljBf–k|rf/ ug{sf] nflu ljrf/ ub}{ lyP, To;}df b'O{ hgf
aflx/af6 j]bdt / leqaf6 s§/ h}g lyP, cyf{t\ sk6d'lg lyP, zÍ/frfo{ pgLx¿dfly clt k|;Ì
lyP, tL b'j} hgfn] cj;/ x]/]/ zÍ/frfo{nfO{ o:tf] ljifo'Qm j:t' VjfOlbP ls pgsf] ef]s dGb x'g
uof] . kZrft\ z/L/df y'k|} 3fp–vl6/f cfP/ 5M dlxgfsf] leqdf g} z/L/ 5'6]/ uof] . ta ;a}
lg?T;flxt x'g k'u] / h'g ljBfsf] k|rf/ x'g u}/x]sf] lyof], Tof] klg x'g kfPg .
h'g–h'g pgn] zf/L/s–efioflb agfPsf lyP, To;sf] k|rf/ zÍ/frfo{sf lziox¿n] ug{
yfn] . cyf{t\ h'g h}gLx¿sf] v08gsf] nflu …a|Xd ;To, hut\ ldYof / hLj a|Xdsf] PstfÚ syg
u/]sf lyP, To;sf] pkb]z ug{ nfu] . blIf0fdf ˘f[Ë]/L, k"j{df e"uf]jw{g, pQ/df hf]zLd7 / åfl/sfdf
;f/bfd7 afFw]/ zÍ/frfo{sf lziox¿ dxGt ag]/ / >Ldfg\ x'Fb} cfgGb ug{ yfn], lsgeg]
zÍ/frfo{sf] kZrft\ pgsf lziox¿sf] 7"nf] k|lti7f x'g yfNof] .
ca o;df ljrf/ ug'{ kb{5 ls …hLj a|Xdsf] Pstf, hut\ ldYofÚ zÍ/frfo{sf] lgh dt lyof]
eg] t Tof] /fd|f] dt xf]Og, / olb h}gLx¿sf] v08gsf] nflu To; dtnfO{ :jLsf/ u/]sf eP t, s]xL
/fd|f] xf] .
cå}tjfbsf] ;dLIff -!!=%_
gjLg j]bfGtLx¿sf] dt o:tf] 5—
k|Zg— hut\ :jKgjt\, /:;L -8f]/L_ df ;k{, l;kLdf rfFbL, d[ut[li0fsfdf hn, uGwj{gu/,
OGb|hfnjt\ of] ;+;f/ e'm§f] xf] . Ps a|Xd g} ;fFrf] xf] .
l;4fGtL— …e'm§f]Ú ltdL s;nfO{ eGb5f} <
gjLg j]bfGtL— h'g j:t' xf]Og t/ k|tLt x'G5 .
l;4fGtL— h'g j:t' g} xf]Og, To;sf] k|tLlt s;/L x'g ;Sb5 <
gjLg j]bfGtL— cWof/f]kaf6 .
l;4fGtL— cWof/f]k s;nfO{ eGb5f} <
gjLg j]bfGtL— …j:t'Goj:Tjf/f]k0fdWof;MÚ —t'ngf -;bfgGblj/lrt j]bfGt;f/ v08 ^_ ..
…cWof/f]kfkjfbfEof+ lgik|k~r+ k|k~Rot]Ú .
—ljBf/0olj/lrt -cg'e"lt|ksfz cWofo !÷Znf]s !*_ ..
kbfy{ s'g} csf]{ x'G5, To;df cGo j:t'sf] cf/f]k0f ug'{ cWof;, cWof/f]kÙ / To;sf] lg/fs/0f ug'{nfO{
ckjfb elgG5 . oL b'O6}df k|k~r/lxt a|Xddf k|k~r¿k hut\ lj:tf/ ub{5f}+ .
l;4fGtL— ltdL /:;L -8f]/L_ nfO{ j:t' / ;k{nfO{ cj:t' dfg]/ o; e|dhfndf k/]sf 5f} . s]
;k{ j:t' xf]Og < olb eGb5f} ls /:;Ldf 5}g t b]zfGt/df, / To;sf] ;+:sf/dfq Åbodf x'G5 . k]ml/
Tof] ;k{ klg cj:t' /x]g . To;/L g} :yf0f'df k'?if, l;kLdf rfFbL cflbsf] Joj:yf ;Demg'kb{5 . /
:jKgdf klg h;sf] efg x'G5, Tof] b]zfGt/df x'G5 / To;sf] ;+:sf/ cfTdfdf klg x'G5 . To;}n] Tof]
:jKg klg j:t'df cj:t'sf] cf/f]k0fs} ;dfg xf]Og .
gjLg j]bfGtL— h;nfO{ slxNo} b]v]sf] 5}g, ;'g]sf] 5}g, h:t} ls cfˆgf] lz/ sfl6Psf] 5 /
cfk"m /f]O/x]sf] 5, hnsf] wf/f dfly/lt/ u}/x]sf] 5, h'g slxNo} ePsf] lyPg, Tof] ;To s;/L
x'g;Sb5 <
l;4fGtL— o; b[i6fGtn] klg ltd|f] kIfnfO{ l;4 ub}{g, lsgeg] lagf b]v] ;'g] ;+:sf/ aGb}g .
;+:sf/sf] lagf :d[lt / :d[ltsf] lagf ;fIfft\ cg'ej x'Fb}g . ha s;}af6 ;'Gof] jf b]Vof] ls cd'ssf]
lz/ sfl6Psf] / p;sf efO tyf afp cflbnfO{ n8fO{+df k|ToIf ?Fb} b]Vof] / kmf]x/fsf] hn dfly r9\b}
u/]sf] b]Vof] jf ;'Gof] To;sf] ;+:sf/ p;sf] cfTdfdf x'G5 . ha of] hfu[tsf] kbfy{b]lv cnu eP/
x]b{5Ù ta cfˆgf] cfTdfdf pg} kbfy{x¿sf], h;nfO{ b]v]sf] ;'g]sf] lyof], b]Vb5 . ha cfk"mdf g}
b]Vb5 ta hfÌ' cfˆgf] lz/ sfl6Psf], cfk}m /f]Psf] / dfly hfFb} u/]sf] hnsf] wf/fnfO{ b]Vb5 . of]
klg j:t'df cj:t'sf] cf/f]k0fs} ;b[z xf]Og, lsGt' h;/L gSzf agfpg] jfnfn] k"j{ b[i6, >'t jf
ul/Psfx¿nfO{ cfTdfb]lv lgsfn]/ sfuhdf n]lvlbG5 cyjf k|ltlaDanfO{ ptfg]{jfnf laDanfO{ b]v]/,
cfTdfdf cfs[ltnfO{ a;fP/, a/fa/ n]v]/ lbG5 .
xf] Û olt t xf] ls slxn]sflx+ :jKgdf :d/0fo'Qm k|tLlt h:tf] ls cfˆgf] cWofksnfO{ b]Vb5
/ slxn] w]/} sfn b]Vgfn] / ;'Ìfn] ctLtsf] 1fgnfO{ ;fIffTsf/ ub{5, ta :d/0f /xFb}g ls h'g d}n]
To; ;dodf b]v]+, ;'g+] jf u/]sf] lyPF To;}nfO{ b]V5', ;'G5' jf ub{5' . h:tf] hfu[tdf :d/0f ub{5,
To:tf] :jKgdf lgodk"j{s x'Fb}g . x]/ Û hGdfGwnfO{ ¿ksf] :jKg cfpFb}g . To;}n] ltd|f] cWof; /
cf/f]ksf] nIf0f e'm§f] xf], / hf] j]bfGtLx¿ …ljjQ{jfbÚ cyf{t\ /:;Ldf ;kf{lbsf] efg x'g'sf] b[i6fGt,
a|Xddf hut\sf] efg x'gdf lbG5g\, Tof] klg 7Ls xf]Og .
gjLg j]bfGtL— clwi7fgsf] lagf cWo:t k|tLt x'Fb}g . h:t} /:;L gePdf t ;k{sf] klg efg
x'g ;Sb}g . h;/L /:;Ldf ;k{ tLg} sfndf x'Fb}g k/Gt' cGwsf/, s]xL k|sfzsf] d]ndf cs:dft\
/:;LnfO{ b]Vgfn] ;k{sf] e|d eP/ sfFKb5 . ha To;nfO{ bLk cflbn] x]b{5, plTgv]/} e|d / eo lgj[Q
x'g hfG5 . To;/L g} a|Xddf h'g hut\sf] ldYof k|tLlt ePsf] 5, To;sf] lgj[lQ / a|Xdsf] k|tLlt,
h:tf] ls ;k{sf] lgj[lQ / /:;Lsf] k|tLlt x'g]ub{5 .
l;4fGtL— oL j]bfGtLx¿;Fu ;f]Wg'kb{5 ls a|Xddf hut\sf] efg s;nfO{ eof] <
gjLg j]bfGtL— hLjnfO{ .
l;4fGtL— hLj sxfFaf6 eof] <
gjLg j]bfGtL— c1fgaf6 .
l;4fGtL— c1fg sxfFaf6 eof] / sxfF /xG5 <
gjLg j]bfGtL— c1fg cgflb / a|Xddf /xG5 .
l;4fGtL— a|Xddf a|Xdsf] c1fg eof] jf s'g} cGosf] < / Tof] c1fg s;nfO{ eof] <
gjLg j]bfGtL— lrbfef;nfO{ .
l;4fGtL— lrbfef;sf] :j¿k s] xf] <
gjLg j]bfGtL— a|Xd . a|XdnfO{ a|Xdsf] c1fg cyf{t\ cfˆgf] :j¿knfO{ cfk}mn] g} e'Nb5 .
l;4fGtL— p;n] e'Ngdf lgldQ s] 5 <
gjLg j]bfGtL— cljBf .
l;4fGtL— cljBf ;j{JofkL ;j{1sf] u'0f xf] ls cNk1sf] <
gjLg j]bfGtL— cNk1sf] .
l;4fGtL— h'g ltd|f] dtdf lagf Ps cgGt ;j{1 r]tgsf] afx]s bf];|f] s'g} r]tg 5 ls
5}g < cNk1 sxfFaf6 cfof] < xf], h'g cNk1 r]tg rflx+ a|Xdb]lv leÌ dfGb5f} eg] t 7Ls xf] . ha
Ps 7]ufgfdf a|XdnfO{ cfˆgf] :j¿ksf] c1fg x'G5 eg] t ;j{q c1fg k}mng]5 . h;/L z/L/df
lknf]sf] kL8fn] ;a} z/L/el/sf cjojx¿nfO{ lgsDdf u/fOlbG5, o;} k|sf/ a|Xd klg Psb]zdf
c1fgL / Sn]zo'Qm x'G5 eg] t ;a} a|Xd c1fgL / kL8fsf] cg'ejo'Qm x'g hfG5 .
gjLg j]bfGtL— of] ;a} pkflwsf] sd{ xf], a|Xdsf] xf]Og .
l;4fGtL— pkflw h8 xf] ls r]tg < / ;To xf] ls c;To <
gjLg j]bfGtL— clgj{rgLo 5 . cyf{t\ h;nfO{ h8 xf] ls r]tg, ;To jf c;To eÌ
;ls+b}g .
l;4fGtL— of] ltdLn] eÌ' …jbtf] Jof3ftMÚ s} t'No 5 lsgeg] eGb5f} cljBf 5 h;nfO{ h8,
r]tg, ;t\, c;t\ eÌ ;ls+b}g . of] t o:tf] s'/f] eof] ls h:t} ;'gdf lkQn ldn]sf] x'G5, To;nfO{
;'Fbf/sxfF nu]/ k/LIff u/fcf];\ ls ;'g xf] ls lkQn . ta oxL eÌ]5 ls o;nfO{ xfdLn] g t ;'g g
t lkQn} eÌ ;Sb5f}+ lsGt' o;df b'O6} wft' ldl;Psf] 5 .
gjLg j]bfGtL— x]/ Û h;/L 36fsfz, d7fsfz, d]3fsfz / dxbfsfzf]kflw cyf{t\ 38f, 3/ /
d]3sf] x'gfn] leÌ–leÌ k|tLt x'G5, jf:tjdf dxbfsfz g} xf]Ù o;/L g} dfof, cljBf, ;dli6, Joli6
/ cGtMs/0fx¿sf] pkflwx¿af6 a|Xd c1fgLx¿nfO{ k[ys\–k[ys\ k|tLt e}/x]sf] 5Ù jf:tjdf Ps g}
xf] . x]/ Û clu|d k|df0fdf s] eg]sf] 5—
clUgo{y}sf] e'jg+ k|lji6f] ¿k+ ¿k+ k|lt¿kf] ae"j .
Ps:tyf ;j{e"tfGt/fTdf ¿k+ ¿k+ k|lt¿kf] alxZr .. —s7f]klgifb\ -jNnL %÷dGq (_ ..
h;/L clUg nfdf], rf}8f, uf]nf], ;fgf], 7"nf] kbfy{x¿df Jofks eP/ tbfsf/ b]lvG5 / tL
cfs[ltjfnf kbfy{x¿b]lv k[ys\ x'G5, To;/L g} ;j{Jofks k/dfTdf cGtMs/0fx¿df Jofks eP/
cGtMs/0ff˜˜sf/ e}/x]sf] 5 k/Gt' tL b]lv cnu 5 .
l;4fGtL— of] klg ltdLn] eg]sf] Joy{ xf] . lsgeg] h;/L 36, d7, d]3x¿nfO{ k[ys\ dfGb5f}
/ cfsfznfO{ leÌ dfGb5f}, To;/L g} sf/0fsføo{¿k hut\ / hLjnfO{ a|Xdb]lv / a|XdnfO{
logLx¿b]lv leÌ dfg <
gjLg j]bfGtL— h;/L clUg ;a}df k|lji6 eP/ b]Vgdf tbfsf/ /xG5, o;} k|sf/ k/dfTdf
h8 / hLjdf Jofks eP/ h8 / hLjfsf/o'Qm c1fgLx¿nfO{ b]lvG5 . jf:tjdf a|Xd g t h8 g t
hLj xf] . h;/L xhf/ hnsf eF'8\sf /flvPsf] x'G5, ltgdf ;"o{sf] xhf/ k|ltlaDa b]lvG5, j:t'tM ;"o{
Pp6} x'G5 . e'F8\sfx¿ gi6 x'Fbfdf, hn rNgfn] jf k}mngfn] ;"o{ gi6 x'Fb}g, g t rN5 g t k}mnG5Ù
o;} k|sf/ cGtMs/0fx¿df a|Xdsf] cfef; h;nfO{ lrbfef; eGb5g\, k/]sf] 5 . ha;Dd cGtMs/0f
x'G5, ta;Dd hLj x'G5 . ha;Dd cGtMs/0f 1fgaf6 gi6 x'G5 ta hLj a|Xd:j¿k x'G5, o;
lrbfef;nfO{ cfˆgf] a|Xd:j¿ksf] c1fg–stf{–ef]Qmf, ;'vL–b'MvL, kfkL–k'0ofTdf, hGd–d/0f cfk"mdf
cf/f]lkt ub{5— ta;Dd ;+;f/sf aGwgx¿af6 5'6\b}g .
l;4fGtL— of] b[i6fGt ltd|f] Joy{ 5 . lsgeg] ;"o{ cfsf/jfnf, hnsf e'F8 \sf klg cfsf/jfnf
x'g\ . ;"o{ hn–e'F8\sfb]lv leÌ / hn–e'F8\sf ;"o{b]lv leÌ x'g\, ta g} k|ltlaDa kb{5 . olb lg/fsf/
x'Gy] eg] t ltgLx¿sf] k|ltlaDa slxNo} x'Gy]g . ;fy} h;/L k/d]Zj/ lg/fsf/, ;j{q cfsfzjt\
Jofks x'gfn] a|Xdb]lv s'g} kbfy{ jf kbfy{b]lv a|Xd k[ys\ x'g ;Sb}g / JofKoJofks ;DaGwn] Ps
klg x'g ;Sb}gg\ . cyf{t\ cGjoJolt/]sefjaf6 x]gf{n] JofKoJofks ldn]sf / ;bf k[ys /xG5g\ . olb
Ps x'Gy] eg] t cfk"mdf JofKoJofksefj ;DaGw slxNo} 36\g ;Sb}g . ;f] a[xbf/0ossf] cGtof{dL
a|fXd0f -c=#÷a|f=&÷s+=#–@#_ df :ki6 n]lvPsf] 5 . / a|Xdsf] cfef; klg x'g ;Sb}g, lsgeg] lagf
cfsf/sf] cfef; x'g c;Dej 5 .
h'g cGtMs/0ff]kflwaf6 a|XdnfO{ hLj dfGb5f}, ;f] ltd|f] s'/f] afnssf] ;dfg 5, lsgeg]
cGtMs/0f rnfodfg, v08–v08 / a|Xd crn / cv08 5 . olb ltdL a|Xd / hLjnfO{ k[ys\–k[ys\
dfGb}gf} eg] t o;sf] pQ/ b]pm ls hxfF–hxfF cGtMs/0f rNb} hfg]5, ToxfF–ToxfFsf] a|Xd c1fgL /
h'g–h'g b]znfO{ 5f]8\g]5, ToxfFsf] a|Xd 1fgL x'Fb} hfG5 ls hfFb}g < h;/L 5ftf k|sfzsf] aLrdf
hxfF–hxfF hfG5 ToxfFsf] k|sfz cfj/0fo'Qm / hxfF–hxfFaf6 x6\b5 ToxfF–ToxfFsf] k|sfz cfj/0f/lxt
x'G5, To;/L g} cGtMs/0f a|XdnfO{ If0f–If0fdf 1fgL, c1fgL, a'4, d'Qm ub}{ hfg]5 . cv08 a|Xdsf]
Psb]zdf cfj/0fsf] k|efj ;j{b]zdf x'gfn] ;a} a|Xd c1fgL x'g hfg]5, lsgeg] Tof] r]tg xf] .
/ dy'/fdf cGtMs/0f:y h'g a|Xdn] h'g j:t' b]Vof] To;sf] :d/0f p;} cGtMs/0f:yn] sfzLdf
x'g ;Sb}g . lsgeg]—
…cGob[i6dGof] g :d/tLlt Gofoft\Ú . —of]ubz{g -lje"ltkfb ;"q !$ Jof;efio_ ..
Ppn] b]v]sf] :d/0f cs}{nfO{ x'Fb}g . h'g lrbfef;n] dy'/fdf b]Vof] ToxL lrbfef; sfzLdf
/xFb}g, lsGt' h'g dy'/f:y cGtMs/0fsf] k|sfzs xf], Tof] sfzL:y a|Xd x'Fb}g . olb a|Xd g} hLj xf],
k[ys\ xf]Og eg] tÙ ;a} hLj ;j{1 x'g'kb{5 . olb a|Xdsf] k|ltlaDa k[ys\ xf] eg] t …k|Tole1fÚ cyf{t\
k"j{ b[i6, >'tsf] 1fg s;}nfO{ x'g;Sg} 5}g . olb eGb5f} ls a|Xd Ps xf] To;}n] :d/0f x'G5 eg] t
Ps 7]ufgf c1fgsf] b'Mv x'gfn] ;a} a|XdnfO{ c1fg jf b'Mv x'g'kb{5 . / o:tf b[i6fGtx¿n] lgTo–
z'4–a'4 a|XdnfO{ ltdLn] cz'4, c1fgL / a4 ul/lbPsf 5f}, / cv08nfO{ v08 ul/lbof} .
gjLg j]bfGtL— lg/fsf/sf] klg cfef; x'G5, h:t} ls bk{0f jf hnflbdf cfsfzsf] cfef;
kb{5 . Tof] gLnf] cyjf s'g} cGo k|sf/n] uDeL/ ulx/f] b]lvG5, a|Xdsf] klg ;a} cGtMs/0fx¿df
cfef; kb{5 .
 l;4fGtL— ha cfsfzdf ¿k g} 5}g eg] t To;nfO{ cfFvfn] s;}n] klg b]Vg ;Sb}g . h'g
kbfy{ b]lv+b}g, Tof] bk{0f / hnflbdf s;/L b]lvG5 < ulx/f] jf 3'd}{nf] ;fsf/ j:t' b]lvG5, lg/fsf/
xf]Og .
gjLg j]bfGtL— To;f] xf] t k]ml/ h'g of] dfly gLnf]h:tf] b]lvG5, ToxL cfbz{ jf hndf efg
x'G5, Tof] s] kbfy{ xf] <
l;4fGtL— Tof] k[YjLb]lv p8]sf] hnsf s0f, k[YjL / clUgsf] q;/]0f' xf] . hxfFaf6 jiff{ x'G5,
ToxfF hn geP t jiff{ sxfFaf6 x'g] < o;}n] h'g b"/–b"/ lqkfnsf] ;dfg b]lvG5, Tof] hnsf] rqmsf]
xf] . h;/L s'lx/f] 6f9faf6 3gfsf/ b]lvG5 / lgs6af6 kftnf] / ;]tf]h:tf] klg b]lvG5, To:t}
cfsfzdf hn b]lvG5 .
gjLg j]bfGtL— s] xfd|f /:;L, ;k{ / :jKgflbsf] b[i6fGt ldYof x'g\ t <
l;4fGtL— xf]Og . ltd|f] ;dem ldYof xf], ;f] d}n] k"j{ n]lv;s]+ . dfq olt eg ls k|yd c1fg
s;nfO{ x'G5 <
gjLg j]bfGtL— a|XdnfO{ .
l;4fGtL— a|Xd cNk1 xf] ls ;j{1 <
gjLg j]bfGtL— g ;j{1 / g t cNk1 . lsgeg] ;j{1tf / cNk1tf pkflw;lxtdf x'G5 .
l;4fGtL— pkflwb]lv ;lxt sf] xf] <
gjLg j]bfGtL— a|Xd .
l;4fGtL— t a|Xd g} ;j{1 / cNk1 eof] . To;f] eP ltdLn] ;j{1 / cNk1nfO{ lsg lgif]w
u/]sf lyof} < olb eGb5f} ls pkflw slNkt cyf{t\ ldYof xf] eg] t …sNksÚ cyf{t\ sNkgf ug]{jfnf
sf] xf] <
gjLg j]bfGtL— hLj a|Xd xf] ls cGo <
l;4fGtL— cGo xf] . lsgeg] olb a|Xd:j¿k xf] eg] t h;n] ldYof sNkgf u¥of] Tof] a|Xd g}
x'g ;Sb}g . h;sf] sNkgf ldYof 5, Tof] ;fFrf] slxn] x'g ;Sb5 / <
gjLg j]bfGtL— xfdLn] ;To / c;TonfO{ e'm6f] dfGb5f}+ / jf0fLn] af]Ng' klg ldYof xf] .
l;4fGtL— ha ltdL e'm6f] af]Ng] / dfÌ]jfnf xf} eg] t e'm§] lsg xf]Ogf} <
gjLg j]bfGtL— xf], e'm6f] / ;fFrf] xfdLdf g} slNkt 5g\ / xfdL b'O6fsf] ;fIfL clwi7fg xf}+ .
l;4fGtL— ha ltdL ;fFrf] / e'm6f]sf] cfwf/ eof} eg] t ;fx"sf/ / rf]/ s} ;b[z ltdL eof} .
o;af6 ltdL k|fdfl0fs klg /x]gf} . lsgeg] k|fdfl0fs Tof] x'G5, h;n] ;j{bf ;To dfGb5, ;To
af]Nb5, ;To ub{5Ù e'm6 dfGb}g, e'm6 af]Nb}g, e'm6f] ub}{g . ha ltdL cfˆgf] s'/fnfO{ cfk}mn] e'm§f]
ub{5f} eg] t ltdL cgfKt ldYofjflb xf} .
gjLg j]bfGtL— cgflb dfof h'g ls a|Xdsf] cf>o / a|Xds} cfj/0f ub{5, To;nfO{ dfGb5f}
ls dfGb}gf} <
l;4fGtL— dfGb}gf}+ . lsgeg] ltdLn] dfofsf] cy{ o:tf] ub{5f} ls h'g j:t' 5}g / ef:b5 eg]
t, o; s'/fnfO{ To;n] dfGb5 h;sf] Åbosf] cfFvf] k'm6]sf] 5 . lsgeg] h'g j:t' 5}g To;sf]
ef;dfg x'g' ;j{yf c;Dej 5, h;/L aGWofsf] k'qsf] k|ltlaDa slxNo} klg x'g ;Sb}g . / of]
…;Gd"nfM ;f]Do]dfM k|hfMÚ -k|kf=^÷v+=*÷k|jfs $_ OToflb 5fGbf]Uo pklgifb\sf] jrgb]lv lj?4
eGb5f} <
gjLg j]bfGtL— s] ltdL jl;i7, zÍ/frfo{ cflb / lgZrnbf; ko{Gt eGbf klg clws kl08t
xf}, pgLx¿n] h] n]v]sf 5g\, ljrf/ u/]/ n]v]sf 5g\ < pgLx¿ ltdLeGbf w]/} 7"nf kl08t lyP .
l;4fGtL— ltdLn] s] b]V5f} <
gjLg j]bfGtL— d}n] t jl;i7, zÍ/frfo{ / lgZrnbf; cflbnfO{ clws b]V5' .
l;4fGtL— ltdL ljåfg\ xf} ls cljåfg\ .
gjLg j]bfGtL— d klg s]xL ljåfg\ 5' .
l;4fGtL— To;f] eP cfpm jl;i7, zÍ/frfo{ cflb / lgZrnbf;sf] kIfnfO{ xfd|f] ;fd'Ì]
:yfkgf u/, xfdL v08g ub{5f}+ . h;sf] kIf l;4 x'G5 ToxL 7"nf] x'g]5 . olb pgLx¿lt/ ltd|f] s'/f]
cv08gLo x'GYof] eg] t ltdL pgLx¿sf o'lQmx¿ lnP/ xfd|f] s'/fsf] v08g lsg ug{ ;Sb]gf} < ta
g} ltd|f] / pgLx¿sf] s'/f] dfggLo x'g]5 . cg'dfg 5 ls zÍ/frfo{ cflbn] t h}g dtsf] v08g
ug{sf] nflu g} of] dt :jLsf/ u/]sf x'g\ ls, lsgeg] b]z–sfnsf] cg's"n cfˆgf] kIfnfO{ l;4 ug{sf]
nflu y'k|} :jfyL{ ljåfg\ cfˆgf] cfTdfsf] 1fgsf] lj?4 klg ub{5g\ . / h'g oL s'/fx¿nfO{ cyf{t\ hLj
O{Zj/sf] Pstf, hut\ ldYof cflb Jojxf/ ;fFrf] g} dfGby] eg] t pgLx¿sf] s'/f ;fFrf] x'g ;Sb}g .
/ lgZrnbf;sf] kfl08To x]/ o:tf] 5 …hLjf] a|Xdf˜leÌZr]tg–Tjft\Ú …j[lQk|efs/Ú -@÷(_ df
hLj a|Xdsf] Pstfsf] nflu cg'dfg n]v]sf 5g\ ls …r]tg x'gfn] hLj a|Xdb]lv cnu xf]Ú . of] Psbd}
yf]/} ;dem ePsf] k'?ifsf] ;b[z s'/f] xf] . lsgeg] ;fwDo{dfqn] Ps bf];|fsf] ;fy Pstf x'Fb}g, j}wDo{
e]bs x'G5 . h:t} s;}n] eGb5 ls …k[lyjL hnf˜leÌf h8Tjft\Ú …h8 x'gfn] k[YjL hnb]lv cleÌ 5 .Ú
h;/L of] jfSo ;Ët slxNo} x'g ;Sb}g, To;/L g} lgZrnbf;hLsf] klg nIf0f Joy{ xf] . lsgeg] h'g
cNk, cNk1tf / e|flGtd¤jflb wd{ hLjdf a|Xdaf6 / ;j{ut, ;j{1tf / lge|f{lGtTjflb j}wDo{ a|Xddf
hLjb]lv lj?4 5, To;}n] hLj / a|Xd leÌ–leÌ x'g\ . h;/L uGwjŒj, sl7gTj cflb e"ldsf] wd{,
/;jŒj, b|jTjflb hnsf] wd{b]lv lj?4 x'gfn] k[YjL / hn Ps xf]Og, To;/L hLj / a|Xdsf] j}wDo{
x'gfn] hLj / a|Xd g slxNo} Ps lyP, g 5g\ / g slxNo} x'g]5g\ . oltaf6 g} lgZrnbf;flbnfO{
a'‰g'xf];\ ls pgLx¿df slt kfl08To lyof] .
/ h;n] of]ujfl;i7 agfPsf] xf], Tof] s'g} cfw'lgs j]bfGtL lyof]Ù g jfNdLls, g jl;i7hL / g
t /fdrGb|n] agfPsf jf eg]sf] g} ;'lgPsf] 5 . lsgeg] pgLx¿ ;a} j]bfg'ofoL lyP . j]bb]lv lj?4
agfpg ;Sb}gy] / g t eÌ ;'Ì g} ;Sby] .
k|Zg— Jof;hLn] h'g zf/L/s ;"q agfpg'ePsf] 5, To;df klg hLj a|Xdsf] Pstf b]lvG5 <
x]/—
;DkBf˜˜ljef{jM :j]g zAbft\ ..!..
a|fXd]0f h}ldlg?kGof;flbEoM ..@.. lrlttGdfq]0f tbfTdsTjflbTof}8'nf}ldM ..#.. PjdKo'kGof;ft\
k"j{efjfblj/f]w+ jfb/fo0fM ..$.. ct Pj rfgGoflwkltM ..%..
—j]bfGtzf:q -cWofo $÷kfb %÷;"q !, %–&, (_ ..
cy{— hLj cfˆgf] :j–¿knfO{ k|fKt eP/ k|s6 x'G5 h'g ls k"j{ a|Xd:j¿k lyof], lsgeg]
…:jÚ zAbaf6 cfˆgf] a|Xd:j¿ksf] u|x0f x'G5 ..!.. …codfTdf ckxtkfKdfÚ [t'ngf— 5f+=pk=-*÷&÷!_]
OToflb …pkGof;Ú P]Zjo{k|flKt ko{Gt x]t'x¿af6 hLj l:yt x'G5, o:tf] h}ldlg cfrfo{sf] dt 5 ..@.. /
cf}8'nf]ld cfrfo{ tbfTds:j¿k–lg¿k0fflb a[xbf/0os [-#÷&÷#–@#_Ù -$÷%÷!#_] sf] x]t'¿ksf
jrgx¿n] r}tGodfq :j¿kaf6 hLj d'lQmdf l:yt /xG5 ..#.. Jof;hL log} k"jf]{Qm pkGof;flb
P]Zjo{k|flKt¿k x]t'x¿af6 hLjsf] a|Xd:j¿k x'gdf clj/f]w dfÌ'x'G5 ..$.. of]uL P]Zjo{;lxt cfˆgf]
a|Xd:j¿knfO{ k|fKt eP/ …cGo clwkltb]lv /lxtÚ cyf{t\ :jo+ cfk"m, cfˆgf] / ;a}sf] clwklt¿k
a|Xd:j¿kaf6 d'lQmdf l:yt /xG5 ..%..
pQ/— oL ;"qx¿sf] cy{ To:tf] k|sf/sf] xf]Og, lsGt' logsf oyfy{ cy{ of] xf] ls, ;'Ì'xf];\ Û
ha;Dd hLj cfˆgf] :jsLo z'4:j¿nfO{ k|fKt, ;a} dnx¿b]lv /lxt eP/ kljq x'Fb}g, ta;Dd
of]un] P]Zjo{nfO{ k|fKt u/]/ cfˆgf] cGtof{dL a|XdnfO{ k|fKt ub}{ cfgGbdf l:yt x'g ;Sb}g ..!.. o;}
k|sf/ ha kfkflb/lxt P]Zjo{o'Qm of]uL x'G5 ta g} a|Xdsf] ;fy d'lQmsf] cfgGbnfO{ ef]Ug ;Sb5,
o:tf] h}ldlg cfrfo{sf] dt 5 ..@.. ha cljBflb bf]ifx¿af6 5'6]/ z'4 r}tGodfq :j¿kn] hLj l:y/
x'G5 ta g} …tbfTdsTjÚ cyf{t\ a|Xd:j¿ksf] ;fy ;DaGwnfO{ k|fKt ub{5 -o:tf] cf}8'nf]ld cfrfo{sf]
dt 5_ ..#.. ha a|Xdsf] ;fy P]Zjo{ / z'4 lj1fgnfO{ lht]/ g} hLjgd'Qm x'G5, ta cfˆgf] lgd{nh
k"j{ :j¿knfO{ k|fKt u/]/ cfglGbt x'G5 o:tf] Jof;d'lgsf] dt 5 ..$.. ha of]uLsf] ;To ;ÍNk x'G5
ta :jo+ k/d]Zj/nfO{ k|fKt u/]/ d'lQm;'vnfO{ kfpF5 . jxfF :jfwLg :jtGq /xG5 . h;/L ;+;f/df
Ps k|wfg csf]{ ck|wfg x'g] ub{5, To:tf] d'lQmdf x'Fb}g . lsGt' ;a} d'Qm hLj Psh:t} /xG5g\ ..%..
olb o:tf] x'Fb}g eg] t—
g]t/f]g'kkQ]M ..!.. e]bJokb]zfRr ..@.. —j]bfGt;"q -cWofo !÷kfb !÷;"q !^–!&_ ..
ljz]if0fe]bJokb]zfEof+ r g]t/f} ..#.. —j]bfGt;"q -cWofo !÷kfb @÷;"q @@_ ..
cl:dÌ:o r tBf]u+ zfl:t ..$.. —j]bfGt;"q -cWofo !÷kfb !÷;"q !(_ ..
cGt:t4df]{kb]zft\ ..%.. e]bJokb]zfRrfGoM ..^.. —j]bfGt;"q -cWofo !÷kfb !÷;"q @), @!,_ ..
u'xf+ k|lji6fjfTdfgf} lx t2z{gft\ ..&.. —j]bfGt;"q -cWofo !÷kfb @÷;"q !!_ ..
cg'kkQ]:t' g zf/L/M ..*.. —j]bfGt;"q -cWofo !÷kfb @÷;"q #_ ..
 cGtof{Doflwb}jflbif' t4d{Jokb]zft\ ..(.. —j]bfGt;"q -cWofo !÷kfb @÷;"q !*_ ..
zf/L/Zrf]eo]˜lk lx e]b]g}gdwLot] ..!).. —j]bfGt;"q -cWofo !÷kfb @÷;"q @)_ ..
cy{— a|Xdb]lv Ot/ hLj ;[li6stf{ xf]Og . lsgeg] o; cNk1 cNk;fdYo{jfnf hLjdf
;[li6st[{Tj 36\g ;Sb}g, o;}n] hLj a|Xd xf]Og ..!..
…/;+ Xo] jfo+ nAWjfgGbL ejltÚ [t}lQ/Lof]klgifb\ -a|XdfgGbjNnL÷cg'jfs &_] of] pklgifb\sf]
jrgsf] .
hLj / a|Xd leÌ x'g\, lsgeg] oL b'O6}sf e]b k|ltkfbg ul/Psf] 5 . olb o:tf] x'Gy]g eg] t
…/;Ú cyf{t\ cfgGb:j¿k a|XdnfO{ k|fKt u/]/ hLj cfgGb:j¿k x'G5, of] k|flKtljifo a|Xd / k|fKt
x'g]jfnf hLjsf] lg¿k0f 36\g ;Sb}g, o;}n] hLj / a|Xd Ps xf]Og ..@..
lbJof] Xod"Q{M k'?ifM ; afXofEoGt/f] XohM . ck|f0ff] XodgfM z'e|f] XoIf/fTk/tM k/M ..
—d'08sf]klgifb\ -d'08s @÷v08 !÷dGq @_ ..
…lbJoÚ z'4, d"lt{d¤j/lxt, ;a}df k"0f{, aflx/–leq lg/Gt/ Jofks, …chÚ hGd–d/0f–
z/L/wf/0fflb /lxt, Zjf;–k|Zjf;, z/L/ / dgsf] ;DaGwb]lv /lxt, k|sfz:j¿k OToflb k/dfTdfsf]
ljz]if0fÙ / …cIf/Ú gfz/lxt k|s[ltb]lv k/ cyf{t\ ;"Id hLj, To;b]lv klg k/d]Zj/ k/ cyf{t\ a|Xd
;"Id 5 . k|s[lt / hLjx¿b]lv a|Xdsf] e]b k|ltkfbg¿k x]t'af6 k|s[lt / hLjb]lv a|Xd leÌ 5 ..#..
o;} ;j{Jofks a|Xddf hLjsf] of]u jf hLjdf a|Xdsf] of]u k|ltkfbg ugf{n] hLj / a|Xd leÌ
x'G5, lsgeg] of]u leÌ kbfy{x¿sf] x'g] ub{5 ..$.. o; a|Xdsf] cGtof{dL cflb wd{ syg ul/Psf] 5
/ hLjsf] leq Jofks x'gfn] JofKo hLj Jofks a|Xdb]lv leÌ x'G5, lsgeg] JofKoJofks ;DaGw
klg e]bdf ;+3l6t x'G5 ..%.. h;/L k/dfTdf hLjb]lv leÌ:j¿k 5, To;/L g} OlGb|o, cGtMs/0f,
k[YjL cflb e"t, lbzf, jfo', ;"of{lb lbJou'0fx¿sf] of]un] b]jtfjfRo ljåfg\x¿b]lv klg k/dfTdf leÌ
5 ..^..
…u'xf+ k|lji6f} ;'s[t:o nf]s]Ú [t'ngf– s7f]klgifb\ -c=!÷#÷!_] OToflb pklgifb\x¿sf jrgaf6
hLj / k/dfTdf leÌ xf] . To;/L g} pklgifb\x¿sf y'k|} 7fpFdf b]vfOPsf] 5 ..&..
…z/L/] ejM zf/L/MÚ— z/L/wf/L hLj a|Xd xf]Og, lsgeg] a|Xdsf u'0f, sd{, :jefj hLjdf
36\b}gg\ ..*..
-clwb}j_ ;a} lbJo dg cflb OlGb|oflb kbfy{x¿ -clwe"t_ k[lyJoflb e"t -cWofTd_ ;a}
hLjx¿df k/dfTdf cGtof{dL ¿kaf6 l:yt 5, lsgeg] p;} k/dfTdfsf] JofksTjflb wd{ ;j{q
pklgifbx¿df JofVoft 5g\ ..(..
z/L/wf/L hLj a|Xd xf]Og, lsgeg] a|Xdb]lv hLjsf] e]b :j¿kaf6} l;4 5 ..!).. OToflb
zf/L/s ;"qn] klg :j¿kb]lv a|Xd / hLjsf] e]b l;4 x'G5 .
To;/L g} j]bfGtLx¿sf pkqmd / pk;+xf/ klg 36\g ;Sb}g, lsgeg] …pkqmdÚ cyf{t\ cf/De
a|Xdaf6 / …pk;+;f/Ú cyf{t\ k|no klg a|Xddf g} ub{5g\ . ha bf];|f] s'g} j:t' dfGb}gg\ eg] t
pTklQ / k|no klg a|Xdsf] wd{ x'g hfG5g\ . / pTklQ ljgfz/lxt a|Xdsf] k|ltkfbg j]bflb
;Tozf:qx¿df ul/Psf] 5, To;n] gjLg j]bfGtLx¿dfly sf]k ug]{5 . lsgeg] lglj{sf/, ckl/0ffdL,
z'4, ;gftg, lge|f{lGtTjflb ljz]if0fo'Qm a|Xddf ljsf/, pTklQ / c1fg cflbsf] ;Dej s'g} k|sf/n]
x'g ;Sb}g . tyf pk;+xf/ -k|no_ sf] x'Fbf klg a|Xd, sf/0ffTds h8 / hLj a/fa/ alg/fVb5g\ .
o;}n] pkqmd / pk;+xf/ klg oL j]bfGtLx¿sf] 7Ls xf]Og . o;} k|sf/sf oL gjLg j]bfGtLx¿sf
sNkgf e'§f x'g\ . o:tf cGo w]/} cz'4 s'/fx¿ 5g\ ls h'g zf:q / k|ToIfflb k|df0fx¿b]lv lj?4
5g\ .
o;sf] kZrft\ s]xL h}gLx¿ / s]xL zÍ/frfo{sf cg'ofoLx¿sf pkb]zsf] ;+:sf/ cfof{jQ{df
k}mlnPsf] lyof] / cfk;df v08g–d08g klg rNbYof] . zÍ/frfo{sf] tLg ;o jif{sf] kZrft\ pHh}g
gu/Ldf ljqmdflbTo /fhf s]xL k|tfkL eP, h;n] ;a} /fhfx¿sf] dWo k|j[Q ePsf] n8fO{+nfO{ d]6fP/
zflGt :yfkgf u/] . tTkZrft\ et[{xl/ /fhf sfJoflb–zf:q / cGodf klg s]xL–s]xL ljåfg eP, pgn]
j}/fUojfg\ eP/ /fHonfO{ 5f]l8lbP . ljqmdflbTosf] kfFr ;o jif{sf] kZrft\df /fhf ef]h eP . pgn]
yf]/} Jofs/0f / sfJofnÍ/flbsf] olt k|rf/ u/] ls To;sf] k|efjn] pgsf] /fHodf sflnbf; h:tf]
afv«f uf]7fnf] klg …/3'j+zÚ sfJosf] stf{ ag] . /fhf …ef]hÚ hf] s;}n] /fd|f] Znf]s agfP/ n}hfGy] eg]
t To;nfO{ y'k|} wg lbP/ k|lti7f ub{y] . pgLk5fl8sf /fhfx¿ / >Ldfg\x¿n] t k9\g g} 5f]l8lbP .
 e:d, ?b|fIf, ltns, dfnf, s07L cflbsf] ;dLIff -!!=^_
oBlk zÍ/frfo{hLsf] k"j{, jfddfuL{x¿sf] kZrft\ z}j cflb ;Dk|bfo:y dtjfbL klg b]vf
k/]sf lyP, k/Gt' ltgLx¿nfO{ a9L an ldNg ;s]sf] lyPg . dxf/fhf ljqmdflbTob]lv lnP/
z}jx¿sf] an a9\b} cfof] . z}jx¿df kfz'ktflb y'k|} zfvfx¿ klg ePsf lyP, h;/L jfddfuL{x¿df
bz dxfljBflbsf zfvfx¿ 5g\ . dfG5]x¿n] zÍ/frfo{nfO{ lzjsf] cjtf/ dfg] . pgsf cg'ofoL
;+Gof;Lx¿ klg z}jdtdf k|j[Q x'g uP / jfddfuL{x¿;Fu klg ldNb} /fv] . jfddfuL{— …b]jLÚ h'g
lzjsL kTgL x'g\ pgsf pkf;s, / z}j …dxfb]jÚ sf pkf;s eP . oL b'j}n] ?b|fIf / e:dnfO{
cBfjlw wf/0f ub{5g\, k/Gt' hlt jfddfuL{ j]blj/f]wL 5g\, Tolt z}j j]blj/f]wL 5}gg\ . logLx¿n]—
lwu\ lwu\ skfn+ e:d?b|fIfljxLgd\ ..!..
?b|fIffg\ s07b]z] bzgkl/ldtfGd:ts] lj+ztL å],
if6\ if6\ s0f{k|b]z] s/o'unutfg\ åfbzfGåfbz}j .
afÃf]l/Gbf]M snfleM k[ylult ulbtd]sd]j+ lzvfofd\,
jIf:oi6f˜lws+ oM snolt zts+ ; :jo+ gLns07M ..@..
—t'ngf [lzjk'/f0f -ljB]Zj/ ;+lxtf !÷cWofo @%÷Znf]s #&–#*_] ..
OToflb y'k|} k|sf/sf Znf]sx¿ agfP / eÌ yfn] ls h;sf] lgwf/df e:d / s07df ?b|fIf
x'Fb}g eg] t, To;nfO{ lwSsf/ 5 . …t+ Toh]bGToh+ oyfÚ [t'ngf– lzjk'/f0f -ljB]Zj/ ;+lxtf !÷cWofo
@#÷Znf]s !#_] To;nfO{ rf08fns} t'No Tofu ul/lbg' kb{5 ..!.. h;n] s07df #@, lz/df $),
sfgx¿df ^–^, s/df !@–!@, e'hfdf !^–!^, lzvfdf ! / Åbodf !)* ?b|fIf wf/0f ub{5, Tof]
;fIfft\ dxfb]jsf] ;b[z xf] ..@.. o:t} zfQmx¿n] klg dfGb5g\ .
kZrft\ oL jfddfuL{x¿ / z}jdfuL{x¿n] ;Ddlt u/]/ eu–lnËsf] :yfkgf u/], h;nfO{
hnfwf/L / lzjlnË eGb5g\ / To;sf] k"hf ug{ yfn] . tL lgn{Hhx¿nfO{ nHhf klg cfPg ls of]
kfd/kgsf] cyf{t\ zd{sf] sfd xfdLn] lsg ub}{5f}+ < s'g} sljn] eg]sf 5g\ ls …:jfyL{ bf]if+ g
kZoltÚ— [rf0fSogLlt -cWofo ^÷Znf]s *_] :jfyL{x¿ cfˆgf] sfd l;4 ug{df b'i6 sfdnfO{ klg
>]i7 dfg]/, bf]ifnfO{ x]b}{gg\ . ToxL kfiff0fflb d"lt{ / of]lg–lnËsf] k"hfdf g} wd{, cy{, sfd / df]If
dfÌ nfu] . ha /fhf ef]hsf] kZrft\ h}gLx¿n] cfˆgf]–cfˆgf] dlGb/x¿df d"lt{:yfkgf ug{ / bz{gsf]
nflu cfpg–hfg yfn] ta t oL kf]kx¿sf r]nf klg To;df hfg]–cfpg] ug{ yfn] / ptf klZrddf
s]xL bf];|fsf] dt / ojgx¿ cfof{jt{df hfg]–cfpg] klg ug{ yfn] . ta kf]kx¿n] of] Znf]s agfP—
g jb]BfjgL+ efiff+ k|f0f}M s07ut}/lk . xl:tgf tf8Ødfgf]˜lk g uR5]Hh}gdlGb/d\ ..
—t'ngf [eljiok'/f0f -k|lt;u{ kj{ #÷v08 #÷cWofo @*÷Znf]s %#_] ..
rfx] slt g} b'Mv k/f];\, k|f0f s07ut cyf{t\ d[To'sf] ;do cfP tfklg, Dn]R5 cyf{t\
ojgx¿sf] efiff d'vn] gaf]Ng" / pGdQ xfQL bf}8Fb} dfg{sf] nflu cfO/x]sf] 5, h}gsf] dlGb/df
k:gfn] k|f0f aRg ;Sb5 eg] klg h}gsf] dlGb/df k|j]z gug"{ . lsGt' h}g dlGb/df k|j]z u/]/ aRg
eGbf xfQLsf] ;fd'Ì] k/]/ dg'{ lgsf] x'G5 .
o:tf–o:tf s'/f cfˆgf r]nfx¿nfO{ pkb]z ug{ nfu] . ha pgLx¿;Fu s;}n] k|df0f ;f]Wof] ls
ltd|f dtdf s'g} dfggLo u|Gysf] klg k|df0f 5 < ta eGby] ls 5 . ha ltgLx¿n] eGy] ls
b]vfcf] < ta dfs{08]o k'/f0fflbsf] jrg k9]/ ;'gfpFy] h:tf] ls b'uf{ -r08L_ kf7df b]jLsf] j0f{g
n]lvPsf] 5 .
/fhf ef]hsf] /fHodf -!!cf}+ ztfAbL_ Jof;hLsf] gfdaf6 dfs{08]o / lzjk'/f0f s;}n] agfP/
tof/ u/]sf] lyof], o;sf] ;"rgf /fhf ef]hnfO{ x'gfn] tL kl08tx¿nfO{ x:t5]bgflb b08 lbP /
ltgnfO{ eg] ls hf] s;}n] sfJoflb u|Gy agfpF5 eg] t cfˆgf] gfdaf6 agfcf];\, Clif–d'lgx¿sf]
gfdaf6 xf]Og . of] s'/f] /fhf ef]hn] agfPsf] …;+hLjgLÚ gfds Oltxf;df n]lvPsf] 5 h'g ls
Ujflno/sf] /fHo …le+8Ú gfds gu/sf] ltjf8L a|fXd0fsf] 3/df 5, h;nfO{ nv'gfsf /fj;fx]a /
pgsf u'df:tf /fdbofn rf}a]hLn] cfˆg} cfFvfn] b]v]sf x'g\, To;df :ki6 n]lvPsf] 5 ls Jof;hLn]
rf/ xhf/ rf/ ;o / pgsf lziox¿n] kfFr xhf/ 5 ;o cyf{t\ hDdf bz xhf/ Znf]ssf] k|df0f
…ef/tÚ agfPsf lyP . ToxL k':ts dxf/fhf ljqmdflbTosf] ;dodf cfP/ aL; xhf/ Znf]ssf] kfOof],
k]ml/ dxf/fh ef]h eGb5g\ ls d]/f] lktfsf] ;dodf ToxL k':ts kRrL; xhf/ / d]/f] cfwf pd]/
;Dddf cfOk'Ubf t tL; xhf/ Znf]so'Qm …dxfef/tÚ sf] k':ts ldn]sf] 5 . olb o;/L g} a9\b} uof]
eg] t dxfef/tsf] k':ts Pp6f pFm6sf] af]em hlQs} x'g hfg]5 / Clif–d'lgx¿sf gfdaf6
k'/f0fflb u|Gy agfPdf t cfof{jQL{ox¿ e|dhfndf k/]/ j}lbswd{ljxLg eP/ e|i6 x'g hfg]5g\ .
o;af6 ljlbt x'G5 ls /fhf ef]hnfO{ s]xL–s]xL dfqfdf j]bx¿sf] ;+:sf/ lyof] . pg}sf] ef]hk|aGwdf
n]lvPsf] 5 ls—
36Ø}sof qmf]zbz}sdZjM ;'s[lqdf] uR5lt rf?uTof .
Jffo'+ bbflt Johg+ ;'k'isn+ ljgf dg'io]0f rnToh;|d\ ..
/fhf ef]hsf] /fHodf / glhs} o:tf lzNkLx¿ a;]sf lyP ls h;n] 3f]8fsf] cfsf/sf] Ps
ofg snfoGqo'Qm agfPsf lyP ls h'g Ps sRrL 38Ldf P3f/ sf]; / Ps 306fdf ;f9] ;QfO{;
sf]; hfGYof] . Tof] e"ld / cGtl/Ifdf klg rNbYof] . k]ml/ bf];|f] kÎf o:tf] agfPsf lyP ls lagf
dg'ion] rnfP snfoGqsf] ann] lgTo rn]/ k'isn jfo' lbGYof] . olb oL b'O6} kbfy{ cfh;Dd ag]/
/xGy] eg] t o"/f]lkog olt cledfgdf r9\g] lyPgg\ .
ta kf]khLn] cfˆgf r]nfx¿nfO{ h}gLx¿b]lv /f]Sg yfn] t/ klg dlGb/x¿df hfgaf6 /f]Sg
;s]gg\ / h}gLx¿sf syfdf klg dfG5]x¿ hfg yfn] . h}gLx¿sf kf]kx¿n] oL k'/ f0fL kf]kx¿sf
r]nfx¿nfO{ axsfpg yfn] . ta k'/f0fL kf]kx¿n] ljrf/ u/] ls o;sf] s'g} pkfo lgsfNg' kb{5, gq
eg] t cfˆgf r]nfx¿ h}gL aÌ hfg]5g\ . kZrft\ kf]kx¿n] oxL ;Ddlt u/] ls h}gLx¿s} ;b[z
cfˆgf klg cjtf/, dlGb/, d"lt{ / syfsf k':tsx¿ agfpg] . logLx¿n] h}gLx¿s} rf}aL;
tLy{Í/x¿s} ;b[z cfˆgf klg rf}aL; cjtf/, dlGb/ / d"lt{x¿ agfP . k]ml/ h;/L h}gLx¿sf cflb
/ pQ/–k'/f0fflb 5g\ To;/L g} cÝfx| k'/f0fx¿ / pkk'/f0fx¿ agfpg yfn] .
/fhf ef]hsf] 8]9 ;o jif{sf] kZrft\ j}i0fjdtsf] cf/De eof] . Ps z7sf]k gfds s~h/
-lkm/Gt]_ j0f{df pTkÌ ePsf] lyof], p;b]lv yf]/} rNof] . To;sf] kZrft\ d'lgjfxg e+uL s'nf]TkÌ /
t];|f] ofjgfrføo{ ojgs'nf]TkÌ cfrfo{ eof] . tTkZrft\ a|fXd0f s'nh rf}yf] /fdfg'h eP, logn]
cfˆgf] dt k}mnfP .
z}jx¿n] lzjk'/f0fflb, zfQmx¿n] b]jLefujtflb, j}i0fjx¿n] lji0f'k'/f0fflb agfP . To;df
cfˆgf] gfd o; sf/0fn] /fv]gg\ ls xfd|f] gfdaf6 agfof}+ eg] t s;}n] k|df0f dfÌ] 5}gg\ . To;}n]
Jof; cflb Clif–d'lgx¿sf gfd /fv]/ k'/f0f agfP . gfd klg logn] jf:tjdf gjLg /fVg'kYof]{ ,
k/Gt' h:t} s'g} bl/b|n] cfˆgf] 5f]/fsf] gfd dxf/fhflw/fh / cfw'lgs kbfy{sf] gfd ;gftg /flvlbof]
eg] t s] g} cfZro{ x'G5 / < ca logLx¿sf cfk;sf h:tf emu8f 5g\, To:t} g} k'/f0fx¿df e/]/
/fv]sf 5g\ .
x]/ Û b]jLefujtdf …>LÚ gfdf Ps b]jL :qLnfO{ >Lk'/sL :jfldgL n]lvPsf] 5, pg}n] ;a}
hut\nfO{ agfOg\ / a|Xdf, lji0f' h'g dxfb]jnfO{ klg pg}n] /r]sL x'g\ . ha tL b]jLsf] OR5f eof]
ta pgn] cfˆgf] xftnfO{ 3l;g\ . pgsf] xftaf6 5fnf eof] . To;}af6 a|Xdfsf] pTklQ eof] .
a|Xdf;Fu b]jLn] elgg\ ls t}+n] d;Fu ljjfx u/\ . a|Xdfn] eg] ls ltdL d]/L cfdf nfU5Øf}, d}n]
ltdL;Fu ljjfx ug{ ;lSbg . cfdfnfO{ qmf]w r9\of], s]6fnfO{ e:d ul/lbOg\, / k]ml/ xft 3;]/
p;}k|sf/af6 bf];|f] 5f]/f] pTkÌ u/]/ To;sf] gfd lji0f' /flvg\ . lji0f';Fu klg To;/L g} elgg\ . pgn]
dfg]g\, lji0f'nfO{ klg e:d ul/lbOg\ . k'gM p;} k|sf/n] t];|f] 5f]/f] pTkÌ ul/g\, To;sf] gfd dxfb]j
/flvg\, To;/L g} elgg\ ls t}+n] d;Fu ljjfx u/\ . dxfb]jn] eg] ls ltdL;Fu ljjfx ug{ ;lSbg,
ltdLn] bf];|f] :qLsf] z/L/ wf/0f u/ . b]jLn] To;} ul/g\ .

xfn uLtfk|];af6 pknAw …dxfef/tÚ df !,)),@!$ Ps nfv b'O{ ;o rf}w Znf]s /x]sf 5g\ . o;af6 s]
k|i6 x'G5 eg], d"n ¿kdf j]bJof; / pgsf lzion] /rgf u/]sf] …ef/tÚ hDdf !),))) bz xhf/ Znf]ssf] lyof] .
clxn];Dd cfOk'Ubf (),@!$ gAa] xhf/ b'O{ ;o rf}w Znf]s ylkPsf] b]lvG5 . eujb\uLtf klg dxfef/tleqsf] c+z
ePsf]n] clxn] o;df &)) ;ft ;o Znf]s pknAw 5g\ . o;nfO{ klg dxfef/tsf] clxn];Ddsf] ykfOsf] qmdsf]
t'ngfaf6 x]g]{ xf] eg,] d"n eujb\uLtf rflx+ hDdf &)–&% Znf]ssf] x'gkg]{ b]lvG5 . k]ml/ o; s'/fnfO{ ;Dej klg
b]lvG5 . lsgeg] n8fO{+sf] tof/Lsf] d'vdf >Ls[i0fn] ch'{gnfO{ uLtfsf] pkb]z u/]sf 5g\ . ToxfF pkb]zs} nflu
eg]/ w]/} ;do vlr{g' pko'Qm b]lv+b}g . lsgeg] 5f]6f] eGbf 5f]6f] ;dodf ch'{gnfO{ ;Demfpg'kg]{ b]lvG5 sf/0f
cg]sf}+ k6ssf] k|of;df klg zflGtsf] jftf{ c;kmn ePkl5 b'j} tk{msf ;]gf n8\gsf] nflu d}bfgdf pq]/ c:q–z:q
5f]8\g] tof/Lsf] ;do 5 . clxn] pknAw eujb\uLtfsf] &)) Znf]snfO{ k9\gsf] nflu dfq} klg cfwf lbg eGbf
sDtL ;do nfUb}g . o;sf] n]vfhf]vf tkfO{+x¿ :jo+n] g} ug{ ;Sg'x'g] 5 . —cg'jfbs .
 ta dxfb]jn] eg] ls oL b'O{ 7fpFdf s]sf] v/fgLsf] y'k|f] xf] < b]jLn] elgg\ ls oL b'O6} ltd|f
bfOsf x'g\, ltgLx¿n] d]/f] cf1f dfg]g\, To;}n] e:d ul/lbPF . dxfb]jn] eg] ls d PSn}n] s] u5'{ /,
logLx¿nfO{ Ao'FtfOb]pm / b'O6f :qL pTkÌ u/, tLg} hgfsf] ljjfx tLg} hgf;Fu x'g]5 . To:t} g}
b]jLn] ul/g\ . k]ml/ tLg} hgfsf] ;fydf ljjfx eof], jfx /] Û cfdf;Fu ljjfx u/]gg\ / alxgL;Fu
ljjfx u/] Û s] o;nfO{ plrt dfÌ x'G5 < kZrft\ OGb|flbnfO{ pTkÌ u/] . a|Xdf, lji0f', ?b| / OGb|nfO{
kfnsL p7fpg] 8f]n] agfP, OToflb nfdf–rf}8f dgdfgL ukm n]v]sf 5g\ . s;}n] pgL;Fu ;f]w"g\ ls
To; b]jLsf] z/L/ / To; >Lk'/nfO{ agfpg]jfnf / b]jLsf dftf–lktf sf] lyP < egf}nf ls b]jL
cgflb x'g\, To;f] eP t h'g ;+of]uhGo j:t' x'G5, Tof] cgflb slxNo} klg x'g ;Sb}g . hf] dftf–
k'qsf] ljjfx ug{df 8/fpF5 eg] efO–alxgLsf] ljjfxdf s'grflx+ /fd|f] s'/f] lgSnG5 / < h:tf] o;
b]jLefujtdf dxfb]j, lji0f' / a|Xdflbsf] If'b|tf / b]jLsf] a8fO–r8fO n]lvPsf] 5, To;} k|sf/n]
lzjk'/f0fdf b]jL cflbsf] w]/} If'b|tf n]lvPsf] 5 . cyf{t\ oL ;a} dxfb]jsf bf; / dxfb]j ;a}sf
O{Zj/ x'g\ . h'g …?b|fIfÚ cyf{t\ Ps j[Ifsf] kmnsf] u]8f] / v/fgL wf/0f ugf{n] d'lQm dfGb5g\ eg] t,
v/fgLdf n8La'8L v]Ng] uwf cflb kz' / jgsf u]8fu'8L cflbsf] uxgf / dfnf wf/0f ug]{jfnf eLn -
s';'08f_, s~h/ cflbn] d'lQm kfpg]5g\ / ;'uF /' , s's'/, uwf, cflb kz' v/fgLdf n8La'8L v]Ng]x¿sf]
d'lQm lsg x'Fb}g <
k|Zg— sfnflUg?b|f]klgifb\df e:d nufpg] ljwfg n]lvPsf] 5 . s] of] e'm6f] xf] <
…Èya/yu/;< j/md?Gne0Ú —oh'j]{b -#÷^@_ ..
OToflb j]bdGqn] klg e:d–wf/0fsf] ljwfg / k'/f0fx¿df ?b|sf] cfFvfsf] c>'kftaf6 h'g j[If
aGof] To;}sf] gfd ?b|fIf xf] . o;}n] To;sf] wf/0fdf k'0o n]lvPsf] 5 . Pp6fdfq ?b|fIf wf/0f u/]df
t ;a} kfkx¿af6 5'6]/ :ju{ hfG5 / od/fh / g/ssf] 8/ x'Fb}g .
pQ/— sfnflUg?b|f]klgifb\ s'g} …k'm;|fÚ dg'io cyf{t\ v/fgL wf/0f ug]{jfnfn] agfPsf] xf] .
lsgeg] …of:of k|ydf /]vf ;f e"nf]{sMÚ OToflb jrg To;df cgy{s 5g\ . h'g k|ltlbg xftn]
agfPsf] /]vf xf], Tof] e"nf]s jf o;sf] jfrs s;/L x'g ;Sb5 <
/ h'g— Èya/yu/;< j/md?Gne> k/Zyp?Sy Èya/yu/;m! , —oh'j]{b -cWofo #÷dGq ^@_ ..
OToflb dGq 5g\, tL e:d jf lqk'08« wf/0fsf] jfrL xf]Ogg\ lsGt'—
rIf'j}{ hdblUgC{lifM —ztky a|fXd0f] -*÷!÷@÷#_ ..
x] k/d]Zj/ Û d]/f] g]qsf] Hof]lt -œofo'ifd\_ tLgu'0ff cyf{t\ tLg ;o jif{ ko{Gt /xf];\ / d}n]
klg o:t} wd{sf] sfd u¿F ls h;af6 b[li6–gfz gxf];\ .
x]/ t of] slt d"v{tfsf] s'/f xf] ls cfFvfsf] c>'kftaf6 slxNo} j[If pTkÌ x'g ;Sb5 < s]
k/d]Zj/sf] ;[li6qmdnfO{ s;}n] cGoyf ug{ ;Sb5 < h:tf] h'g j[Ifsf] aLh k/dfTdfn] /r]sf] 5,
To;}af6 ToxL j[If pTkÌ x'g ;Sb5, cGoyfaf6 xf]Og . To;}n] hlt klg ?b|fIf, e:d, t'n;L,
sdnfIf, 3fF;, rGbg cflb s07df wf/0f ul/G5, Tof] ;a} hËnL kz'jt\ dg'iosf] sfd xf] . o:tf
jfddfuL{ / z}jdfuL{ w]/} ldYofrf/L, lj/f]wL / st{Jo sd{sf TofuL x'G5g\ . logLx¿df hf] >]i7 k'?if
x'G5, To;n] oL ;a} s'/fnfO{ ljZjf; gu/]/ /fd|f] sd{ ub{5 . olb ?b|fIf e:d–wf/0fn] od/fhsf b"t
8/fpF5g\ eg] t k'ln;sf l;kfxL klg 8/fpF5g\ xf]nf < ha ?b|fIf e:d–wf/0f ug]{jfnfl;t s's'/,
l;+x, ;k{, laR5L, dfvf] / nfdv'§] cflb klg 8/fpFb}gg\ eg] t GofofwLzsf u0f lsg 8/fpg] <
j}i0fjdtsf] af/]df ;dLIff -!!=&_
k|Zg— jfddfuL{ / z}j t /fd|f xf]Ogg\ k/Gt' j}i0fj t /fd|f x'g\ <
pQ/— oL klg j]blj/f]wL x'gfn] tL eGbf klg clws g/fd|f x'g\ .
k|Zg— …nm?Ste éÔ m/Nyve?Ú . …izvay c izvtray cÚ . —oh'j]{b -cWofo !^÷dGq !, $!_ ..
…vE/:[/vm?is/Ú . —oh'j]{b -cWofo %÷dGq @!_ ..
…vam/nay? c/Ú . …g/[an?a< Tva g/[p?it‡ hvamheÚ . —oh'j]{b -c= !^÷d+= #), !(_ ..
…-g?vtI/ -Uya>Ú . —cyj{jb] -sf08 (÷;"Qm !)÷dGq @)_ ..
…sUyR Aa/Tma jg?tSt/Swu;?íÚ . —oh'j]{b -cWofo !#÷dGq $^_ ..
 OToflb j]b k|df0fx¿af6 z}jflb dt l;4 x'G5g\, k'gM lsg v08g ub{5f} <
pQ/— oL jrgx¿af6 z}jflb ;Dk|bfo l;4 x'Fb}gg\, lsgeg] …?b|Ú k/d]Zj/ k|f0fflb jfo', hLj,
clUg cflbsf gfd x'g\ . hf] qmf]wstf{ ?b| cyf{t\ b'i6x¿nfO{ ?jfpg]jfnf k/dfTdfnfO{ gd:sf/ ug'{,
k|f0f / hf7/flUgnfO{ cÌ lbg' .
gd Olt cÌgfd . —lg306' -@÷&_ sf] jrg xf] .
hf] dËnsf/L ;a} ;+;f/nfO{ cToGt sNof0f ug]{jfnf xf], p; k/dfTdfnfO{ gd:sf/ ug'{kb{5 .
…lzj:o k/d]Zj/:ofo+ eQmM z}jMÚ . …lji0ff]M k/dfTdgf]˜o+ eQmf] j}i0fjMÚ . …u0fkt]M ;snhuT:jfldgf]˜o+
;]jsf] uf0fktMÚ . …eujTof jf0of co+ ;]jsf] efujtMÚ . …;"o{:o r/fr/fTdgf]˜o+ ;]jsM ;f}/MÚ oL ;a}
?b|, lzj, lji0f', u0fklt, ;"of{lb k/d]Zj/sf] / eujtL ;Toefif0fo'Qm jf0fLsf] gfd xf] . o;df lagf
;De]m o;/L emu8f dRrfPsf 5g\, h:t}—
Pp6f s'g} j}/fuLsf b'O6f r]nf lyP . ltgLx¿n] u'?sf kfp bafpg] ub{y] . Pp6fn] bfofF kfp
/ csf]{n] afofF kfpsf] ;]jf ug{sf] nflu afF8]sf lyP . Ps lbg Pp6f r]nf] sxL+ uPsf] lyof] / csf]{n]
cfˆgf] ;]Josf] kfpsf] ;]jf ul//x]sf] lyof] . olQs}df u'?n] sf]N6f] k]m¥of], ta cfˆgf] efudf csf]{
u'?efOsf] kfp rflx+ kg{ cfof] . p;n] nf7L lnP/ kfpdf ahf¥of] . u'?n] eGof] c/] b'i6 Û t}+n] of] s]
u/]sf] < p;n] eGof]— d]/f] v'§f]dfly of] csf]{ v'§f] s;/L r9Øf] < olQs}df bf];|f] r]nf] cfOk'Uof] .
p;n] klg ;]jf ug{ nfUof] . b]Vof] ls v'§f] ;'lgPsf] 5 . u'?;Fu ;f]Wof] ls of] d]/f] ;]Jo kfpdf s]
eof] < u'?n] ;a} j[QfGt ;'gfOlbof] . Tof] klg d'v{ g af]nL g rfnL, r'krfk nf7L p7fP/ hf]8 \l;t
bf];|f] kfpdf ahf¥of] . u'?n] k'sfb}{/fVof] . k]ml/ b'O6} r]nfn] nf7L lnP/ u'?sf] kfpnfO{ lk6\g yfn] .
a8f] k'sf/ dlRrof], ta s'g} a'l4dfg\ k'?if cfP/ 5'§ØfOlbof], tL b'O6} d"v{nfO{ pkb]z lbP ls æx]/ Û
oL b'O6} kfp ltd|f u'?sf x'g\ . b'O6}sf] ;]jf ugf{n] p;}nfO{ ;'v / b'Mv lbgfn] p;} PsnfO{ b'Mv
x'G5 .Æ
h;/L Pp6f u'?sf] ;]jfdf r]nfx¿n] nLnf u/], To:tf xLg, kfd/, dxfd"v{, ;Dk|bfoL
dfG5]x¿n]— k/d]Zj/sf] lji0f', ?b|flb ;a} gfd 5g\, h:tf] ls k|yd ;d'Nnf;df n]v]/ cfOPsf] 5 .
ltgnfO{ ghfg]/ zfQm, z}j / j}i0fjflb k/:k/ Ps bf];|fsf] gfdsf] lgGbf ub{5g\ .
tfkM k'08«+ tyf gfd dfnf dGq:ty}j r . cdL lx k~r ;+:sf/fM k/d}sfGtx]tjM ..!..
—e/åfh ;+lxtf kl/lzi6, -cWofo @÷Znf]s @_ /fdfg'hk6nk4lt ..
At?PttnU/nR tda/mae A?îute , #it ïute> . —CUj]b -d08n (÷;"Qm *#÷dGq !_ ..
cyf{t\ -tfkM_ zÎ, rqm, ubf / kßsf lrÂx¿nfO{ clUgdf tkfP/, e'hfsf] d"ndf bfu lbP/,
b"wsf] kfqdf lgefpF5g\, k]ml/ s;}n] To; b"wnfO{ lkpF5g\ klg . cyf{t\ To;df s]xL dfqfdf dg'iosf]
z/L/sf] df+;sf] c+z klg cfpF5 xf]nf . o:tf] sd{ ugf{n] k/d]Zj/nfO{ k|fKt ug]{ cfzf ub{5g\ /
eGb5g\ ls lagf zÎ, rqmflbn] z/L/ gtkfP t hLj k/d]Zj/nfO{ k|fKt x'Fb}g, lsgeg] Tof] -cfdM_
cyf{t\ sfFrf] 5 . / h;/L /fHosf sd{rf/Lsf] e]ife"iffdf ;/sf/L lr x'gfn] pgLx¿;Fu c¿ dfG5]
8/fpF5g\, To;/L g} lji0f'sf rqmflb cfo'wx¿sf] lrÂnfO{ b]v]/ od / odsf u0f 8/fpF5g\, / eGb5g\
ls—
bf]xf— afgf a8f bofnsf, ltns 5fk c? dfn .
od 8/k} sfn" sx], eo dfg] e"kfn .. —eQmdfn lgi7f ^ ..
eujfg\sf] afgf dxfg\ 5 . ltns, 5fk / dfnf wf/0f ug{] 7"nf] xf] . h;b]lv od/fh / /fhf
klg 8b{5g\ . -k'08«d\_ lqz"nsf] ;b[z nnf6df lrq lgsfNg', -gfd_ gf/fo0fbf;, lji0f'bf;,
bf;zAbfGt gfd, sdnu§f cflbsf dfnf / kfFrf}+ -dGq_ cyf{t\—
cf]+ gdf] gf/fo0ffo ..!.. —kßk'/f0f -efu ^÷pQ/v08 cWofo &@÷Znf]s !!&_ ..
of] logLx¿n] ;fwf/0f dg'iosf] nflu . bf];|f]—
>LdÌf/fo0fr/0f+ z/0f+ k|kB] ..@.. >Ldt] gf/fo0ffo gdM ..#.. —eQmdfn ..
OToflb dGq wgf9Ø / dfggLox¿sf nflu . lsgeg] of] klg Ps bf]sfg} 7xl/of] Û h:tf] d'v
To:t} ltns Û oL kfFr ;+:sf/x¿nfO{ rqmflÍtx¿n] d'lQmsf] x]t' dfGb5g\ .
oL dGqx¿sf cy{— d gf/fo0fnfO{ gd:sf/ ub{5' ..!.. / d nIdLo'Qm gf/fo0fsf]
r/0ff/ljGbsf] z/0fdf k|fKt x'G5' ..@.. / >Lo't gf/fo0fnfO{ gd:sf/ ub{5' cyf{t \ h'g zf]efo'Qm
gf/fo0f x'g\, pg}nfO{ d]/f] gd:sf/ k'uf];\ ..#..
 h;/L jfddfuL{n] kfFr dsf/nfO{ dfGb5g\, To;/L g} rqmflÍt kfFr ;+:sf/nfO{ dfGb5g\ h'g
j]bsf] jrg n]lvPsf] 5 To;sf] o; k|sf/sf] kf7 / cy{ xf]—
p/ivÈ<a? te/ ivt?t< äü[Spte à/-ugaRÇa?i[/ pYeRa?i; iv/ñt?> ,

At?PttnU/nR tda/mae A?îute z&/tas/ #Öh?Nt/StTsma?zt .1.

tpae?:p/ivÇ</ ivt?t< id/vSp/de .2. —CUj]b -d08n (÷;"Qm *#÷dGq !, @_ ..

x] a|Xdf08 / j]bx¿sf] kfng ug]{jfnf k|e' ;j{;fdYo{o'Qm ;j{zlQmdfg\ Û tkfO{+n] cfˆgf]
JoflKtaf6 ;+;f/sf] ;a} cjojx¿nfO{ JofKt u/]/ /fVg'ePsf] 5 . Tof] tkfO{+sf] h'g Jofks kljq
:j¿k 5 To;nfO{ a|Xdro{, ;Toefif0f, zd, bd, of]ufEof;, lht]lGb|o, ;T;Ëflb tkZrof{b]lv /lxt
hf] ckl/kSj cfTdf cGtMs/0fo'Qm 5, To;n] tkfO{+sf] :j¿knfO{ k|fKt ub}{g / hf] k"jf]{Qm tkn] z'4
5g\, ltg}n] o;sf] cfr/0f ub}{ To; tkfO{+sf] z'4:j¿knfO{ /fd|f] k|sf/;Fu k|fKt ub{5g\ ..!.. h;n]
k|sfz:j¿k k/d]Zj/sf] ;[li6df lj:t[t kljqfr/0f¿k tk ub{5g\, ltgLx¿ g} k/dfTdfnfO{ k|fKt
ug{df of]Uo x'G5g\ ..@..
ca ljrf/ ug'{xf];\ ls /fdfg'hLoflb hgx¿ o; dGqaf6 …rqmflÍtÚ x'g' s'g tl/sfn]
lgsfNb5g\ < ltgLx¿ ljåfg\ lyP ls cljåfg\ < olb ljåfg\ x'Gy] eg] t o:tf] c;Defljt cy{ o;
dGqsf] lsg ub{y] < lsgeg] o; dGqdf …ctKttg"MÚ zAb 5 lsGt' …ctKte'h}sb]zMÚ zAb 5}g . h'g
…ctKttg"MÚ of] dGq gvlzvfu|ko{Gt ;d'bfosf] cy{ xf], o;nfO{ k|df0f u/]/ clUgaf6} tkfpg'
rqmflÍtx¿ :jLsf/ ub{5g\ eg] t, cfˆgf]–cfˆgf] z/L/nfO{ ef8df emf]s]/ ;a} z/L/nfO{ hnfP klg
o; dGqsf] cy{b]lv lj?4 x'G5, lsgeg] o; dGqdf ;Toefif0fflb kljq sd{ ug{ tk n]lvPsf] 5 .
Ct+ tkM ;To+ tkf] bd:tkM :jfWofo:tkM ..
—t}lQ/Lof]klgifb\ -lzIffjNnL (_Ù t}lQ/Lo -cf/0os !)÷cg'jfs *_ ..
OToflb tk elgG5 . cyf{t\ -Ct+ tkM_ oyfy{ z'4efj, ;To dfÌ', ;To af]Ng', ;To ug'{,
dgnfO{ cwd{df hfg glbg', afXo OlGb|ox¿nfO{ cGofofr/0fdf hfgb]lv /f]Sg' cyf{t\ z/L/, OlGb|o /
dgaf6 z'e sd{x¿sf] cfr/0f ug'{, j]bflb ;To ljBfx¿nfO{ k9\g'–k9fpg', j]bfg';f/ cfr/0f ug'{
cflb pQd wd{o'Qm sd{x¿sf] gfd …tkÚ xf] . wft'nfO{ ttfP/ 5fnfnfO{ kf]Ng' tk elg+b}g . x]/ Û
rqmflÍtx¿ cfk"mnfO{ 7"nf j}i0fj dfGb5g\, k/Gt' cfˆgf] k/Dk/f / s'sd{lt/ Wofg lb+b}gg\ ls k|yd
logLx¿sf] d"nk'?if …z7sf]kÚ lyof] ls h'g rqmflÍtx¿sf] g} u|Gyx¿df / eQmdfn u|Gy h'g gfef
8"dn] agfPsf] xf], To;df—
ljqmLo z"k{+ ljrrf/ of]uL .. —lbJo;"l/rl/tsfJo ;u{ @ ..
OToflb jrg n]lvPsf] 5 . cyf{t\ z7sf]k of]uL ;'kf]nfO{ agfP/, a]Rb} lx+8\bYof] cyf{t\ s~h/
-3'dGtf_ hfltdf pTkÌ ePsf] lyof] . ha p;n] a|fXd0fx¿;Fu k9\g jf ;'Ì rfXof] xf]nf, ta
a|fXd0fx¿n] lt/:sf/ u/] xf]nfg\ . To;n] a|fXd0fx¿sf] lj?4 ;Dk|bfo ltns, rqmfÍ cflb rnfof]
xf]nf . To;sf] r]nf] …d'lgjfxgÚ h'g ls rf08fn j0f{df pTkÌ ePsf] lyof] . To;sf] …ofjgfrfo{Ú h'g
ojgs'nf]TkÌ lyof], h;sf] gfd k]m/]/ s;}–s;}n] …ofd'gfrfo{Ú klg eGb5g\ .
logLx¿sf] kZrft\ …/fdfg'hÚ a|fXd0fs'ndf pTkÌ eP/ rqmflÍt eP . o;sf] k"j{df s]xL
efiffsf u|Gy agfpg] ub{y] . /fdfg'hn] s]xL ;+:s[t k9]/ ;+:s[tdf Znf]sa4 u|Gy / zf/L/s ;"q /
pklgifb\x¿sf] 6Lsf zÍ/frfo{sf 6Lsf eGbf lj?4 agfP, / zÍ/frfo{sf] y'k|} lgGbf klg u/] . h:tf]
zÍ/frfo{sf] dt hLj a|Xdsf] Pstf, hut\ k|k~r, ;a} ldYof dfof¿k clgTo 5 . o;b]lv lj?4
/fdfg'hsf] hLj, a|Xd / dfof tLgj6} lgTo 5g\ . zÍ/frfo{sf] cå}t cyf{t\ hLj a|Xd Ps, a|Xd
Pp6} 5, bf];|f] s'g} j:t' jf:tljs 5}g . oxfF zÍ/frfo{sf] dt a|Xdb]lv cltl/Qm hLj / sf/0f
j:t'nfO{ gdfÌ', /fd|f] xf]Og . /fdfg'hsf] o; c+zdf, h'g ls ljlzi6få}t— hLj / dfof;lxt k/d]Zj/
Ps 5 . o;/L tLgj6}nfO{ dfÌ' / cå}t eÌ' ;j{yf Joy{ 5 . hLjnfO{ ;j{yf O{Zj/sf] cfwLg k/tGq
dfÌ', s07L, ltns, dfnf, d"lt{k"hflb kfv08–dt rnfpg] cflb g/fd|f s'/fx¿ rqmflÍtdf 5g\ .
h;/L rqmflÍt cflb j]blj/f]w ub{5g\, To;/L zÍs/frfo{sf dtn] ub}{gg\ .
d"lt{k"hfsf] af/]df ;dLIff -!!=*_
k|Zg— d"lt{k"hfsf] yfngL sxfFaf6 eof] <
pQ/— h}gLx¿af6 .
 k|Zg— h}gLx¿n] sxfFaf6 rnfP <
pQ/— cfˆgf] d"v{tfaf6 .
k|Zg— h}gLx¿ eGb5g\ ls zfGt Wofgfjl:yt a;]sf] d"lt{ b]v]/ cfˆgf] hLjsf] klg z'e
kl/0ffd To:t} g} x'G5 .
pQ/— hLj r]tg, d"lt{ h8 . s] d"lt{sf] ;b[z hLj klg h8 x'g hfG5 < of] d"lt{k"hf s]jn
kfv08 dt xf], h}gLx¿n] rnfPsf x'g\ . To;}n] o;sf] v08g !@cf}+ ;d'Nnf;df ug]{5f}+ .
k|Zg— zfQm cflbn] d"lt{x¿df h}gLx¿sf cg's/0f u/]sf 5}gg\, lsgeg] h}gLx¿sf
d"lt{x¿sf ;b[z j}i0fjflbsf d"lt{x¿ 5}gg\ .
pQ/— xf], of] t 7Ls xf] . olb h}gLx¿sf t'No agfpFy] eg] t h}gdtdf ldNg hfGy] . To;}n]
h}gLsf d"lt{x¿b]lv lj?4 agfP, lsgeg] h}g;Fu lj/f]w ug'{ logLx¿sf] / logLx¿;Fu lj/f]w ug'{
h}gLx¿sf] d'Vo sfd lyof] . h;/L h}gLx¿sf] d"lt{ gfËf] Wofgfjl:yt / lj/Qm dg'iosf] ;dfg
agfPsf 5g\ . j}i0fjflbn] a];/L ˘f[Ëfl/t, plePsf], :qLsf] ;lxt /Ë /fu ef]u ljifof;lQm ;lxtfsf/
d"lt{x¿ agfPsf 5g\ . h}gLx¿ w]/} zÎ, 306f 3l8of/ ahfpFb}gg\ . logLx¿n] 7"nf] sf]nfxn ub{5g\ .
ta g} oL j}i0fjflb kf]kx¿sf r]nf h}gLx¿b]lv ar] / y'k}|n] Jof;flb gfdaf6 y'k|} u|Gy agfP .
To;sf] gfd …k'/f0fÚ /fv]/ syf klg ;'gfpg yfn] . / d"lt{x¿ agfP/, sxL+ kxf8 hËndf /fv]/ cfP
jf e"lddf uf8]/ cfP . k]ml/ cfˆgf r]nfx¿df k|l;4 u/] ls— ædnfO{ :jKgdf dxfb]j, kfj{tL, /fwf,
s[i0f, ;Ltf, /fd jf nIdL, gf/fo0f, e}/j, xg'dfg cflbn] eg] ls xfdL kmnfgf] 7fpFdf 5f}+ . xfdLnfO{
ToxfFaf6 lgsfn]/ NofP/ dlGb/df :yfkgf u/, ltdL g} k'hf/L eof} eg] t xfdLn] dgf]jfl~5t kmn
lbg]5f}+ .Æ ha …cfFvfsf cGwf, ufF7sf k"/fÚ tL dfG5]n] ;'g]kl5 ;fFrf] dfg]/ To;;Fu eg] ls o:tf] Tof]
d"lt{ sxfF 5 < p;n] ltgLx¿nfO{ lnP/ uP/ b]vfOlbof], ta t tL d"v{x¿ To; w"t{sf v'§fdf g'u]/
eg] ls ætFdfly o; b]jtfsf] 7"nf] s[kf 5 . lx+8 xfdLn] dlGb/ agfOlbg]5f}+ / To;df log} b]jtfsf]
k"hf t}+n] ug]{ u/];\, / xfdLx¿n] o;sf] bz{g u/]/ dgf]jfl~5t kmn kfpg]5f}+ .Æ
o; k|sf/af6 ha Pp6fn] u¥of] k'gM ;a} kf]kx¿n] klg cfˆgf]–cfˆgf] hLljsfy{ o;} k|sf/
sk6–5naf6 d"lt{x¿ :yfkgf u/] .
k|Zg— k/d]Zj/ lg/fsf/ 5, Tof] Wofgdf cfpg ;Sb}g, To;}n] d"lt{sf] x'g' cfjZos 5 . c¿
s]xL gu/] klg d"lt{sf] ;fd'Ì] uP/ s]xLa]/ k/d]Zj/sf] :d/0f u/]/ gfd lnG5f}+ .
pQ/— ha k/d]Zj/ lg/fsf/ 5, ta p;sf] d"lt{ g} aÌ ;Sb}g . hxfF d"lt{nfO{ b]Vgfn]
k/d]Zj/sf] :d/0f x'G5 eg] t k/d]Zj/n] agfPsf] k[YjL, hn, clUg, jg:klt cflb /rgfo'Qm k[YjL,
kxf8, lxdfno cflb k/d]Zj/–/lrt dxfd"lt{x¿ ls h'g kxf8 cflbaf6 oL dg'ios[t d"lt{x¿
aGb5g\, logLx¿nfO{ b]v]/ k/d]Zj/sf] :d/0f lsg cfpg ;Sb}g < hxfF s'g} cs}{nfO{ x]/]/ bf];|f]
s;}sf] :d/0f x'G5 eg] t, ha Tof] ;fd'Ì] /xFb}g ta k/d]Zj/nfO{ e'Ng]5g\ / ha k/d]Zj/nfO{
dg'ion] e'Nb5 ta} p;n] PsfGt kfP/ cGofo ub{5 ls oxfF dnfO{ s;}n] b]Vb}g .
hxfF d"lt{nfO{ gdfg]/ k/d]Zj/nfO{ Jofks dfg]df t To;n] 8/n] ls dnfO{ k/d]Zj/n]
b]lv/x]sf] 5, kfk ub}{g . gfd:d/0f dfqn] s]xL klg kmn x'Fb}g . h:t} ls ld>L eGb}df d'v dL7f] /
gLd eGb}df tLtf] x'Fb}g, lsGt' To;nfO{ lha|f]n] rfv]df dfq} dL7f] / tLtf]sf] yfxf x'G5 .
k|Zg— s] gfd lng' ;j{yf ldYof xf], h'g ;j{q k'/f0fx¿df gfd:d/0fsf] a8f] dfxfTDo
n]lvPsf] 5 <
pQ/— gfd lng] ltd|f] /Llt pQd 5}g . h'g tl/sfaf6 ltdLn] gfd:d/0f ub{5f}, Tof] /Llt
e'm6f] xf] .
k|Zg— xfd|f] /Llt s:tf] xf] <
pQ/— j]blj?4 .
k|Zg— To;f] eP ca tkfO{+n] xfdLnfO{ j]bf]Qm gfd:d/0fsf] /Llt atfpFg'xf];\ <
pQ/— gfd:d/0f o; k|sf/n] ug'{kb{5— h:t} …Gofosf/LÚ O{Zj/sf] gfd xf] ls h;/L
kIfkft/lxt eP/ k/dfTdf ;a}sf] oyfjt\ Gofo ub{5, To:tf gfdx¿sf cy{x¿nfO{ cfk"mdf u|x0f
u/]/ Gofoo'Qm Jojxf/ ;j{bf ug]{, cGofo slxNo} gug]{ .
 k|Zg— xfdLn] klg hfGb5f}+ ls k/d]Zj/ lg/fsf/ 5, k/Gt' cfˆgf lzj, lji0f', u0f]z, ;"o{, b]j L
cflbsf] z/L/ wf/0f u/]/ /fd, s[i0fflb cjtf/ lngfn] p;sf] d"lt{ aGb5, s] of] s'/f] klg e'm6f] xf]
t<
pQ/— xf]–xf] Psbd} e'm6f] lsgeg]—
…ch Pskft\Ú —CUj]b -d08n &÷;"Qm #%÷dGq !#_Ù oh'j]{b -cWofo #$÷dGq %#_ ..
…csfod\Ú —oh'j]{b -cWofo $)÷dGq *_ ..
OToflb ljz]if0fx¿af6 k/d]Zj/sf] hGd / z/L/wf/0f /lxt j]bdf elgPsf] 5, tyf o'lQmn]
klg k/d]Zj/sf] cjtf/ slxNo} x'g ;Sb}g . lsgeg] hf] cfsfzjt\ ;j{q Jofks, cgGt / ;'v, b'Mv,
b[Zoflb u'0f/lxt 5, Tof] Ps ;fgf] jLo{, uef{zo / z/L/df s;/L cfpg ;Sb5 < cfpg]–hfg] Tof]
x'G5 h'g Psb]zL x'G5 . hf] crn, cb[Zo, h;sf] lagf Ps k/df0f' klg vfnL 5}g, p;sf] cjtf/
eÌ' hfg ls aGWofsf] k'qsf] ljjfx u/]/, p;sf] kf}qsf] bz{g ug]{ s'/f] xf] .
k|Zg— ha k/d]Zj/ Jofks 5 eg] t d"lt{df klg 5 . k'gM rfx] s'g} kbfy{df efjgf u/]/
k"hf ug'{ /fd|f] lsg xf]Og < x]/—
g sfi7] ljBt] b]jf] g kfiff0f] g d[0do] . efj] lx ljBt] b]j:t:dfb\efjf] lx sf/0fd\ ..
—t'ngf [u?8k'/f0f, wd{sf08, k|]tsNk -cWofo #*÷Znf]s !#_Ù rf0fSogLlt -*÷!!_] ..
k/d]Zj/ b]j g sfi7, g kfiff0f, g d[lQsfaf6 agfPsf kbfy{x¿df 5 lsGt' k/d]Zj/ t
efjdf ljBdfg 5 . hxfF efj u¥of] jxL+ k/d]Zj/ l;4 x'G5 .
pQ/— ha Jofks 5 eg] t s'g} Ps j:t'df k/d]Zj/sf] efjgf ug'{, cGoq gug'{ of] o:tf]
s'/f] eof] ls h:t} rqmjtL{ /fhfnfO{ ;a} /fHosf] ;Qfaf6 5'6fP/ Ps ;fgf] s'6Lsf] :jfdL dfÌ' slt
7"nf] ckdfg xf] Û To:t} ltdLn] klg k/d]Zj/sf] ckdfg ub{5f} . ha Jofks dfGb5f} t jfl6sfb]lv
k'ik–kq l6k]/ lsg r9fpF5f} < rGbg 3;]/ lsg nufpF5f} < w"k lsg afNb5f} < zÎ, 306, v+}h8L,
d'h'/f, d[bË, s/tn cflb lsg ahfpF5f} < ltd|f] xftdf 5g\, lsg hf]8\5f} < lz/df 5g\, lsg
lgx'/G5f} < cÌ–hnflbdf 5g\, lsg g}j]B r9fpF5f} < hndf 5g\ lsg :gfg u/fpF5f} < lsgeg] tL
;a}df k/dfTdf Jofks 5 . / ltdLn] Jofkssf] k"hf ub{5f} ls JofKosf] < olb Jofkssf] ub{5f} eg]
t kfiff0f, sfi7 cflbdf rGbg, k'ikflb lsg r9fpF5f} < / olb JofKosf] k"hf ub{5f} eg] t …xfdL
k/d]Zj/sf] k"hf ub{5f}+Ú eg]/, o:tf] lsg e'm6f] af]Nb5f} < …xfdL kfiff0fflbsf k'hf/L xf}+Ú, o:tf] ;To
lsg eGb}gf} <
…efjÚ ;fFrf] xf] ls e'm6f] < olb ;fFrf] xf] eg] t ltd|f] efjsf] cfwLg eP/ k/d]Zj/ a4 x'g
hfg]5 . / ltdL df6f]df ;'j0f{, kfiff0fdf xL/f–kÌf, ;d'b|lk+mhdf df]tL, hndf £o"–b"w, a/kmdf bxL
cflb, w'nf]df kL7f] / zSs/sf] efjgf u/]/ ltgLx¿nfO{ lsg To:t} agfpFb}gf} < b'Mvsf] efjgf s;}n]
ub}{g, k]ml/ b'Mv lsg x'g] ub{5 < / ;'vsf] efjgf ub{5f}, Tof] lsg x'Fb}g < cGwfn] g]qsf] efjgf u/]/
lsg b]Vb}g < dg]{ efjgf x'Fb}g k]ml/ lsg dfG5] db{5g\ < o;}n] ltd|f] efjgf ;fFrf] xf]Og . lsgeg]
…efjgfÚ h:tf]df To:t} efj ug'{nfO{ elgG5 . h:t} clUgdf clUg, hndf hn hfÌ' …1fgÚ / cGoyf
hfÌ' …c1fgÚ xf] . o;}n] ltdL cefjgfnfO{ efjgf / efjgfnfO{ cefjgf eGb5f} .
k|Zg— PhL Û ha;Dd j]bdGqx¿n] cfjfxg ul/+b}g, b]jtfx¿ cfpFb}gg\ / cfjfxg ugf{n]
em6\l;t cfpF5g\ / lj;{hg ugf{n] hfG5g\ .
pQ/— olb dGqsf] cfjfxg ugf{n] k/d]Zj/ cfpF5 eg] t d"lt{ r]tg lsg x'Fb}g < / lj;h{g
ugf{n] hfG5 eg] t Tof] sxfFaf6 cfpF5 / sxfF hfG5 < ;'g cGwfx¿ xf] Û k"0f{ k/dfTdf g cfpF5, g
t hfG5 . olb ltdL dGqn] k/d]Zj/nfO{ af]nfpF5f} eg] t pg} dGqn] cfˆgf] d/]sf] k'qsf] z/L/df
hLjnfO{ lsg af]nfpFb}gf} < / zq'sf] hLjfTdfsf] lj;h{g u/]/ lsg dfg{ ;Sb}gf} < ;'g efO Û x]
ef]n]x¿ xf] Û oxfF kf]khLn] ltdLnfO{ 7u]/ cfˆgf] k|of]hg l;4 ub{5g\ . j]bx¿df kfiff0fflb d"lt{k"hf /
k/d]Zj/sf] cfjfxg–lj;h{g ug{sf] nflu Ps cIf/ klg n]lvPsf] 5}g .
k|Zg— k|f0ff OxfuR5Gt' ;'v+ lr/+ lti7Gt' :jfxf .
cfTd]xfuR5t' ;'v+ lr/+ lti7t' :jfxf .
OlGb|of0fLxfuR5Gt' ;'v+ lr/+ lti7Gt' :jfxf .. —k|lti7fdo"v u|Gy, tGqu|Gy ..
OToflb j]bsf dGqx¿ 5g\, lsg eGb5f} 5}gg\ <
 pQ/— c/] efO Û clnslt t cfˆgf] a'l4nfO{ sfddf nufpm . of] ;a} skf]nslNkt
jfddfuL{x¿sf j]blj?4 tGqu|Gyx¿sf kf]k/lrt k+lQmx¿ x'g\, j]bjrg xf]Ogg\ .
k|Zg— s] tGq e'm6f] xf] t <
pQ/— xf], ;j{yf e'm6f] xf] . h;/L cfjfxg, k|f0fk|lti7flb, kfiff0f d"lt{ljifos j]bx¿df Ps
dGq klg 5}g, To:t} …:gfg+ ;dk{ofldÚ OToflb jrg klg 5}g . cyf{t\ olt klg 5}g ls …kfiff0fflbd"lQ{+
/rloTjf dlGb/]if' ;+:yfKo uGwflble/r{o]t\ .Ú kfiff0fsf] d"lt{ agfP/, dlGb/df :yfkg u/]/ rGbg–
cIftflbn] k"hf u/, o:tf] n]zdfq klg 5}g .
k|Zg— olb j]bx¿df ljlw 5}g t v08g klg 5}g . / h'g v08g 5 t …k|fKtf} ;Tof+ lgif]wMÚ
d"lt{sf] x'gfn] g} v08g ;Ët x'g ;Sb5 .
pQ/— ljlw t 5}g, k/Gt' k/d]Zj/sf] :yfgdf s'g} cGo kbfy{nfO{ k"hgLo gdfÌ / ;j{yf
lgif]w u/]sf] 5 . s] ck"j{ljlw x'Fb}g < ;'g Û of] xf]—
A/NxNtm/> à iv?ziNt/ ye=s?M-Uitmu/pas?te,

ttae/ -Uy?=#v/ te tmae/ y=%/ sM-?UTya‡ r/ta>.1. —oh'j]{b -cWofo $)÷dGq (_ ..

n tSy? àit/ma=A?iSt/ .2. —oh'j]{b -cWofo #@÷dGq #_ ..
ma ic?d/NyiÖ Z<a?st/ soayae===.3.
—CUj]b -d08n *÷;"Qm !÷dGq !_Ù ;fdj]b -dGq @$@_ ..
oåfrfgEo'lbt+ o]g jfuEo'Bt] . tb]j a|Xd Tj+ ljl4 g]b+ olbbd'kf;t] ..$..
oGdg;f g dg't] o]gfx'd{gf] dtd\ . tb]j a|Xd Tj+ ljl4 g]b+ olbbd'kf;t] ..%..
oRrIf'iff g kZolt o]g rIf"Flif kZolGt . tb]j a|Xd Tj+ ljl4 g]b+ olbbd'kf;t] ..^..
oR5«f]q]0f g ˘f[0ff]lt o]g >f]tldb+ >'td\ . tb]j a|Xd Tj+ ljl4 g]b+ olbbd'kf;t] ..&..
oTk|f0f]g g k|fl0flt o]g k|f0fM k|0fLot] . tb]j a|Xd Tj+ ljl4 g]b+ olbbd'kf;t] ..*..
—s]gf]klgifb\ -v08 !÷ dGq $–*_ ..
g ;+b[z] lti7lt ¿kd:o g rIf'iff kZolt sZrg}gd\ .
Åbf Ålb:y+ dg;f o Pgd]j+ ljb'/d[tf:t] ejlGt ..(..
—Zj]tfZjt/f]klgifb\ -cWofo $÷dGq @)_ ..
h;n] …c;De"ltÚ cyf{t\ cg'TkÌ cgflb k|s[lt sf/0fnfO{ g}, a|Xdsf] :yfgdf pkf;gf ub{5g\,
ltgLx¿ cGwsf/ cyf{t\ c1fg / b'Mv;fu/df 8'Ab5g\ . / …;De"ltÚ hf] sf/0faf6 pTkÌ ePsf]
sfo{¿k k[YjL cflb e"t, kfiff0f / j[Ifflb cjoj / dg'ioflbsf] z/L/sf] pkf;gf a|Xdsf] :yfgdf
ub{5g\, ltgLx¿ To; cGwsf/ eGbf klg clws cGwsf/ cyf{t\ dxfd"v{ lr/sfn ko{Gt 3f]/ b'Mv¿k
g/sdf k/]/ dxfSn]z ef]Ub5g\ ..!..
hf] ;a} hut\df Jofks 5 p; lg/fsf/ k/dfTdfsf] k|ltdf, kl/df0f, ;fb[Zo jf d"lt{ 5}g ..@..
x] ldqx¿ xf] Û k|e'b]lv leÌ c¿ s;}sf] z+;g jf :t'lt gu/, cyf{t\ k/d]Zj/nfO{ 5f]8]/ cGo
s'g} b]jsf] :t'lt pkfb]o 5}g ..#..
hf] jf0fLsf] …Ob+tfÚ cyf{t\ of] hn xf] lng'xf];\, To:tf] ljifo xf]Og, / h;sf] wf/0f jf ;Qfaf6
jf0fLsf] k|j[lQ x'G5, p;}nfO{ a|Xd hfg / pkf;gf u/, h'g p;b]lv leÌ 5, Tof] pkf;gLo xf]Og .
cyf{t\ hf] cfk}m jf0fLn] af]Ng ;Sb}g, h;af6 zlQm kfP/ jf0fLn] af]Ngsf] nflu ;dy{ x'G5, p;}nfO{
t}+n] a|Xd hfÌ", h'g p;b]lv leÌ 5, Tof] xf]Og a|Xd h;sf] t}+n] pkf;gf u/]sf] 5;\ ..$.. hf] dgb]lv
…OoQfÚ u/]/ dggdf cfpFb}g, h;n] dgnfO{ hfGb5, p;} a|XdnfO{ ltdLn] hfg / p;}sf] pkf;gf
u/ . hf] p;b]lv leÌ hLj / cGtMs/0f 5, p;sf] pkf;gf a|Xdsf] :yfgdf gu/ . cyf{t\ hf] cfk}m
dgn] ljrf/ ug{ ;Sb}g, h;af6 zlQm kfP/ dgn] ljrf/ ug{df ;dy{ x'G5, p;}nfO{ t}+n] a|Xd hfÌ",
h'g p;b]lv leÌ 5, Tof] xf]Og a|Xd h;sf] t}+n] pkf;gf u/]sf] 5;\ ..%.. h;nfO{ cfFvfn] b]lv+b}g /
h;af6 ;a} cfFvfn] b]Vb5, p;}nfO{ ltdLn] a|Xd hfg / p;}sf] pkf;gf u/, hf] p;b]lv leÌ ;"o{,
ljB't\ / clUg cflb h8 kbfy{x¿ 5g\, To;sf] pkf;gf gu/ . cyf{t\ hf] cfk}m cfFvfn] b]Vg ;Sb}g,
h;af6 zlQm kfP/ cfFvfn] b]Vb5, p;}nfO{ t}+n] a|Xd hfÌ", h'g p;b]lv leÌ ;"o{, ljB't / clUg
cflb h8 kbfy{x¿ 5g\, Tof] xf]Og a|Xd h;sf] t}+n] pkf;gf u/]sf] 5;\ ..^.. h;nfO{ >f]qn] ;'Ì
;Sb}g / h;af6 >f]qn] ;'Gb5, p;}nfO{ ltdLn] a|Xd hfg / p;}sf] pkf;gf u/ . p;b]lv leÌ
zAbflbsf] pkf;gf a|Xdsf] :yfgdf gu/ . cyf{t\ h;nfO{ sfgn] cfk}m ;'Ì ;Sb}g, h;sf] zlQm kfP/
sfgn] ;'Ì] ub{5, p;}nfO{ t}+n] a|Xd hfÌ", h'g p;b]lv leÌ zAbflbsf] pkf;gf, Tof] a|Xd xf]Og ..&..
hf] k|f0fx¿af6 rnfodfg x'Fb}g, h;af6 k|f0f udgnfO{ k|fKt ub{5, p;} a|XdnfO{ ltdLn] hfg /
p;}sf] pkf;gf u/ . h'g of] p;b]lv leÌ jfo' 5, To;sf] pkf;gf gu/ . cyf{t\ hf] k|f0fjfo'n]
hLljt x'Fb}g, h;af6 zlQm kfP/ k|f0fn] ult ub{5, p;}nfO{ t}+n] a|Xd hfÌ", h'g p;b]lv leÌ 5, Tof]
xf]Og a|Xd h;sf] t}+n] pkf;gf u/]sf] 5;\ ..*.. o; k/dfTdfsf] s'g} ¿k b[li6sf] ;fd'Ì] cl8g
;Sb}g, p;nfO{ s;}sf oL ef}lts cfFvfn] b]Vg ;Sb}g ..(.. OToflb y'k|} lgif]w 5g\ .
lgif]w k|fKt / ck|fKtsf] klg x'G5 . …k|fKtÚ sf]— h:t} sf]xL sxL+ a;]sf] 5, p;nfO{ ToxfFaf6
p7fOlbg' . …ck|fKtÚ sf]— h:t} x] k'q Û t}+n] rf]/L slxNo} gu/];\, Ogf/df gv:g', b'i6x¿sf] ;Ë gug'{,
ljBfxLg g/xg', OToflb ck|fKtsf] klg lgif]w x'G5 . ;f] dg'iosf] 1fgdf ck|fKt, k/d]Zj/sf] 1fgdf
k|fKtsf] lgif]w u/]sf] 5 . o;}n] kfiff0fflb d"lt{k"hf cToGt lglif4 5 .
k|Zg– d"lt{k"hfdf k'0o 5}g t kfk klg 5}g <
pQ/— sd{ b'O{ k|sf/sf] g} x'G5— ljlxt–h'g st{Jotfaf6 j]bdf ;Toefif0fflb k|ltkflbt 5 .
bf];|f] lglif4–h'g cst{Jotfaf6 ldYofefif0fflb j]bdf lglif4 5 . h;/L ljlxtsf] cg'i7fg ug'{ Tof]
wd{, To;nfO{ gug'{ cwd{ xf], To;/L g} lglif4 sd{nfO{ ug'{ cwd{ / gug'{ wd{ xf] . ha j]bdf lglif4
d"lt{k"hflb sd{ ltdLn] ub{5f}, ta kfkL lsg xf]Ogf} <
k|Zg— x]/ Û j]b cgflb x'g\ . Tof] ;dodf d"lt{sf] s] sfd lyof] < lsgeg] klxnf t b]jtf
k|ToIf lyP . of] /Llt t kl5af6 tGq / k'/f0fx¿b]lv rn]sf] xf] . ha dg'iosf] 1fg / ;fdYo{ Go"g
x'g uof], k/d]Zj/nfO{ Wofgdf Nofpg ;ls+b}g, d"lt{sf] Wofg ug{ ;lsG5, o; sf/0f c1fgLx¿sf
nflu d"lt{k"hf xf] . lsgeg] l;+9L–l;+9Laf6 r9]/ ejgdf k'luG5 . klxnf] l;+9L 5f]8]/ dfly hfg
rfx]df t hfg ;lsÌ, To;}n] d"lt{ k|yd l;+9L xf] . o;nfO{ k"Hbf–k"Hb} ha 1fgL x'G5 / cGtMs/0f
kljq x'g]5, ta k/dfTdfsf] Wofg ug{ ;Sg]5 . h;/L lgzfgfafhn] k|yd :y"ndf af0f, uf]nL jf
uf]nf dfbf{–dfbf{ kZrft\ ;"Id lgzfgfdfly klg dfg{ ;Sb5 . To;/L g} :y"n d"lt{sf] k"hf ubf{–ub}{
;"Id a|XdnfO{ klg k|fKt x'G5 . h;/L s]6Lx¿n] v]nf}gfsf] v]n ta;Dd ub{5g\, ha;Dd ;fFrf]
kltnfO{ k|fKt ub}{gg\, OToflb k|sf/af6 d"lt{k"hf ug{ b'i6 sfd xf]Og .
pQ/— ha j]bljlxt wd{ / j]blj?4fr/0fdf cwd{ 5 eg] t ltdLn] eGbf klg d"lt{k"hf cwd{
7xl/of] . h'g u|Gy j]bb]lv lj?4 5g\, ltgLx¿sf] k|df0f ug'{ hfg ls gfl:ts x'g' xf] . ;'g—
gfl:tsf] j]blgGbsM ..!.. —dg':d[lt -cWofo @÷Znf]s !!_ ..
of j]ba|fXofM :d[tof] ofZr sfZr s'b[i6oM .
;jf{:tf lgikmnfM k|]To tdf]lgi7f lx tfM :d[tfM ..@..
pTkBGt] RojGt] r ofGotf]˜Goflg sflglrt\ .
tfGojf{Ssflnstof lgikmnfGog[tflg r ..#.. —dg':d[lt -cWofo !@÷Znf]s (%–(^_ ..
dg'hL eÌx'G5 h;n] j]bx¿sf] …lgGbfÚ cyf{t\ ckdfg, Tofu, lj?4fr/0f ub{5, To;nfO{
…gfl:tsÚ eGb5g\ ..!.. h'g u|Gy j]bafXo, s'lT;t k'?ifx¿n] agfP, ;+;f/nfO{ b'Mv;fu/df
8'afpg]jfnf xf], tL ;a} lgikmn, c;To, cGwsf/¿k, o; nf]s / k/nf]sdf b'Mvbfos x'G5 ..@.. hlt
klg oL j]bx¿b]lv lj?4 u|Gy pTkÌ x'G5g\, tL cfw'lgs x'gfn] zL3| gi6 x'g hfG5g\ . ltgLx¿nfO{
dfÌ' lgikmn / e'm§f] xf] ..#..
o;} k|sf/af6 a|Xdfb]lv lnP/ h}ldgL d'lg ko{Gtsf] dt 5 ls j]blj?4nfO{ dfÌ x'Fb}g, lsGt'
j]bfg's"n s} cfr/0f ug'{ wd{ xf] . lsgeg] j]b ;To cy{sf] k|ltkfbs xf], o;b]lv lj?4 hlt klg
tGq / k'/f0fx¿ 5g\, tL j]blj?4 x'gfn] e'm§f x'g\, tL j]bb]lv lj?4 rNb5g\ . ltgdf atfOPsf]
d"lt{k"hf klg cwd{¿k xf] . dg'iosf] 1fg h8sf] k"hfn] a9\g ;Sb}g lsGt' h]–hlt 1fg 5, Tof] klg
gi6 x'g hfG5 . o;}n] 1fgLx¿sf] ;]jf–;Ëaf6 1fg a9\b5, kfiff0fflbaf6 xf]Og . s] kfiff0fflb
d"lt{k"hfaf6 k/d]Zj/nfO{ Wofgdf slxNo} Nofpg ;Sb5 < xf]Og–xf]Og . d"lt{k"hf l;+9L xf]Og, lsGt'
Pp6f 7"nf] vfN8f] xf], h;df v;]/ rsgfr"/ x'g hfG5 . To; vfN8f]af6 lgSng ;Sb}g, lsGt' To;}df
dg{ k'Ub5 . xf], ;fgf wfld{s ljåfg\x¿b]lv lnP/ k/d ljåfg\ of]uLsf] ;Ëaf6 ;låBf / ;Toefif0fflb
k/d]Zj/sf] k|flKtsf] l;+9Lx¿ x'g\, h;/L dfly 3/df hfgsf] nflu lgM>]0fL x'G5 . lsGt' d"lt{k"hf ubf{–
ub}{ 1fgL t sf]xL ePgg\, k|To't ;a} d"lt{k"hs c1fgL /x]/, dg'io hGdnfO{ Joy}{ ujfFP, y'k|} d/]/ uP
/ hlt ca 5g\ / x'g]5g\, ltgLx¿ klg dg'io hGdsf] wd{, cy{, sfd / df]Ifsf] k|flKt¿k kmnx¿af6
ljd'v eP/ lg/y{ gi6 x'g hfg]5g\ . d"lt{k"hf a|Xdsf] k|flKtdf :y"n nIojt\ xf]Og, lsGt' wfld{s
ljåfg\ / ;[li6ljBf xf] . o;nfO{ a9fpFb}–a9fpFb} nu]/ a|XdnfO{ klg kfpF5 . / d"lt{ v}nf}gfsf] v]njt\
xf]Og, lsGt' k|yd cIf/fEof; ;'lzIffsf] x'g', v]nf}gfsf] v]njt\ a|Xdsf] k|flKtsf] ;fwg xf] . ;'Ì'xf];\ Û
ha /fd|f] lzIff / ljBfnfO{ k|fKt ug]{5, ta ;Rrf :jfdL k/dfTdfnfO{ klg k|fKt ug]{5 .
k|Zg— ;fsf/df dg l:y/ x'G5 / lg/fsf/df l:y/ x'g sl7g 5, To;}n] d"lt{k"hf /xg'kb{5 .
pQ/— ;fsf/df dg l:y/ slxNo} klg x'g ;Sb}g . lsgeg] To;nfO{ dgn] em6 u|x0f u/]/
To;sf] Ps–Ps cjojdf 3'Db5 / bf];|f]df bf}8g hfG5 . / lg/fsf/ k/dfTdfsf] u|x0fdf ofjT;fdYo{
dg cToGt bf}8G5, t/ klg cGt kfpFb}g . lg/joj x'gfn] r~rn klg /xFb}g lsGt' p;}sf] u'0f–sd{–
:jefjsf] ljrf/ ubf{ub}{ cfgGbdf dUg eP/ l:y/ x'g hfG5 . olb ;fsf/df l:y/ x'GYof] eg] t ;a}
hut\sf] dg l:y/ x'g hfGYof], lsgeg] hut\df dg'io, :qL, k'q, wg, ldq cflb ;fsf/df kml;/fVb5,
k/Gt' s;}sf] dg l:y/ x'Fb}g, ha;Dd lg/fsf/df dg nufpFb}g, lsgeg] Tof] lg/joj x'gfn] p;df
dg l:y/ x'g hfG5 . To;}n] d"lt{k"hf ug'{ cwd{ xf] .
bf];|f]— To;df s/f]8f}+ ?k}ofF dlGb/x¿df Joo u/]/ bl/b| x'g hfG5g\ / To;df k|dfb x'G5 .
t];|f]— :qL–k'?ifx¿sf] dlGb/df d]nf x'gfn] Jolerf/, n8fO{+–av]8f / /f]u pTkÌ x'G5g\ .
rf}yf]— To;}nfO{ wd{, cy{, sfd / d'lQmsf] ;fwg dfg]/ k'?iffy{/lxt eP/ dg'iohGd Joy}{
ujfpF5g\ .
kfFrf}+— gfgf k|sf/sf] lj?4:j¿k–gfd–rl/qo'Qm d"lt{x¿sf k'hf/Lx¿sf P]Sodt gi6 eP/,
lj?4dtdf rn]/, cfk;df k'm6 a9fP/, b]zsf] gfz ub{5g\ .
5}6f}+— To;}sf] e/f];fdf zq'sf] k/fho / cfˆgf] ljho dfg]/ al;/fVb5g\ . To;sf] k/fho
eP/ /fHo, :jftGœo / wgsf] ;'v pgsf zq'sf :jfwLg x'g hfG5 . cfk"m k/fwLg ef8fsf 66\6" /
s'dfn]sf] uwfsf] t'No zq'x¿sf] jzdf k/]/ cg]sljw b'Mv kfpF5g\ .
;ftf}+— ha s;}n] s;};Fu eGb5 ls xfdL t]/f] a:g] cf;gdf 9'Ëf /flvlbG5f}+, ta t Tof]
qmf]lwt x'Fb} lk6\g hfOnfUg]5, To;/L g} h'g k/d]Zj/sf] pkf;gfsf] :yfg Åbo / gfddf kfiff0fflb
d"lt{x¿ /fVb5g\, ltgsf] ;Tofgfz k/d]Zj/n] lsg gug]{ <
cf7f}+— e|fGt eP/ dlGb/–dlGb/ b]z–b]zfGt/df 3'Dbf–3'Dbf b'Mv kfpF5g\, wd{, ;+;f/ /
k/dfy{sf] sfdnfO{ gi6 ub{5g\, rf]/ cflbaf6 kLl8t x'G5g\, 7ux¿b]lv 7luO/fVb5g\ .
gjf}+— b'i6 k'hf/Lx¿nfO{ wg lbG5g\, ltgLx¿n] Tof] wgnfO{ j]Zof, k/:qLudg, dB, df+;fxf/,
n8fO{+–av]8fx¿df Joo ub{5g\, h;af6 bftfsf] ;'vsf] d"n gi6 eP/ b'Mv kfpF5g\ .
bzf}+— dftf–lktf cflb dfggLox¿sf] ckdfg / kfiff0fflb d"lt{x¿nfO{ dfg u/]/ s[t£g x'g
hfG5g\ .
P3f/f}— + tL d"lt{x¿nfO{ s;}n] k'm6fN5 of rf]/n] n}hfFbf ta xf–xf u/]/ ?G5g\ .
Affx|f}+— k'hf/L k/:qLx¿sf] ;Ë / k'hfl/g\ k/k'?ifx¿sf] ;Ëaf6 k|foM b"lift eP/ :qL–k'?ifsf]
k|]dsf] cfgGbnfO{ xftaf6 wf]P/ a:b5g\ .
t]x|f}+— :jfdL–;]jssf] cf1f kfng oyfjt\ gx'gfn], cfk;df lj?4 eP/ gi6–e|i6 x'g
hfG5g\ .
rf}wf}+— h8sf] Wofg ug]{jfnfsf] cfTdf klg h8a'l4 x'g hfG5, lsgeg] Wo]osf] h8Tj wd{
cGtMs/0fåf/f cfTdfdf cjZo cfpF5 .
kGw|f}+— k/d]Zj/n] k'ikflb ;'uGw, jfo'–hnsf] b'u{Gw lgjf/0f / cf/f]Uotfsf] nflu agfPsf] xf],
To;nfO{ k'hf/Ln] l6k]/ gi6 ul/lbG5g\, k"0f{ ;'uGwsf] ;do;Dd To;sf] ;'uGw x'G5, To;sf] gfz
dWodf g} ul/lbG5g\ . k'ikflb d}nf]sf] ;fydf ldn]/–;8]/ pN6f] b'u{Gw pTkÌ ub{5 . o;}n] d"lt{k"hf
ug{df kfk x'G5 . OToflb kfkx¿sf] d"nsf/0f kfiff0fflb d"lt{k"hf klg xf] .
o:tf–o:tf cg]s d"lt{k"hf ubf{df bf]if cfpF5g\ . To;}n] ;j{yf kfiff0fflb d"lt{k"hf ;a} hgfsf]
nflu ToQmJo 5 . k]ml/ h;n] kfiff0fdo d"lt{k"hf u/]sf lyP, ub{5g\ / ug]{5g\, ltgLx¿ k"jf]{Qm
bf]ifx¿af6 gar], gaRb5g\ / g t aRg] g} 5g\ .
 k|Zg— s'g} k|sf/sf] d"lt{k"hf ug{ x'G5 ls x'Fb}g / h'g xfd|f] cfof{jt{df …k~rb]jk"hfÚ zAb
k|frLgsfnb]lv rn]/ cfPsf] 5, To;sf] oxL …k~rfotgk"hfÚ— h'g ls lzj, lji0f', clDasf, u0f]z /
;"o{sf] d"lt{ agfP/ k"Hb5g\— oxL g} k~rfotgk"hf xf] ls xf]Og <
pQ/— s'g} k|sf/sf] d"lt{k"hf gug{, lsGt' …d"lt{dfg\Ú hf] tn n]lvPsf 5g\, pgLx¿sf] …k"hfÚ
cyf{t\ ;Tsf/ ug'{kb{5 . Tof] k~rb]jk"hf, k~rfotgk"hf zAb w]/} /fd|f] cy{jfnf lyof], k/Gt' d"9x¿n]
To;sf] ;by{nfO{ 5f]8]/, c;To cy{ kS8]sf 5g\ . hf] cfhef]ln lzjflb kfFr}sf] d"lt{x¿ agfP/
k"Hb5g\, To;sf] v08g t dfly ul/;s]sf] 5' . of] ;fFRrf] …k~rfotgÚ j]bf]Qm / j]bfg's"nf]Qm b]jk"hf
/ d"lt{k"hf xf], ;'g—
ma [nae?] vxI> ip/tr</ maet mat/r/m! .1. —oh'j]{b -cWofo !^÷dGq !%_ ..
Aa/ca/yR %p/ny?manae======äüca/ir[?imCDte .2. —cyj{j]b -sf+= !!÷;"= %÷d+= #—!&_ ..
Ait?iwg&R/hanup/gCDe?t! .3. —cyj{j]b [t'ngf– -sf08 !%÷;"Qm !@÷dGq !_] ..
ACRa?t/ àaCRa?t/ iày?me/xasae AcRt? .4. —CUj]b -d08n *÷;"Qm ^(÷dGq *_ ..
Tjd]j k|ToIf+ a|Xdfl; Tjfd]j k|ToIf+ a|Xd jlbiofld ..%.. –t}lQ/Lof]klgifb\ -!÷!_ ..
std Psf] b]j Olt ; a|Xd TolbTofrIft] ..^.. —ztky a|f= -sf+=!$÷k|kf=%÷a|f=&÷s+=!)_ ..
dft[b]jf] ej lkt[b]jf] ej cfrfo{b]jf] ej cltlyb]jf] ej ..&.. —t}lQ=pk= -lz=÷cg'=!!_ ..
lkt[lee|f{t[leZr}tfM kltleb]{j/}:tyf .
k"Hof e"iflotJofZr ax'sNof0fdLK;'leM ..*.. —dg':d[lt -cWofo #÷Znf]s %%_ ..
k"Hof] b]jjTkltM ..(.. —dg':d[lt [t'ngf– -cWofo %÷Znf]s !%$_] ..
k|yd …dftfÚ d"lt{dtL k"hgLo b]jtf cyf{t\ ;Gtfgx¿af6, tg–dg–wgn], jf ;]jf u/]/
dftfnfO{ k|;Ì /fVg', lx+;f cyf{t\ tf8gf slxNo} gug'{ . bf];|f] …lktfÚ ;Tst{Jo b]j . p;sf] klg
dftfs} ;dfg ;]jf ug'{ ..!.. t];|f] …cfrfo{Ú h;n] ljBf lbG5, p;sf] tg–dgn] ;]jf ug'{ ..@.. Rff}yf]
…cltlyÚ hf] ljåfg\ wfld{s, lgisk6L, ;a}sf] pÌlt rfxg]jfnf, hut\df e|d0f ub{}, ;To pkb]zn]
;a}nfO{ ;'v k'¥ofpF5, To;sf] ;]jf ug'{ ..#.. kfFrf}+ :qLsf] nflu …kltÚ / k'?ifsf] nflu …:jkTgLÚ
k"hgLo 5 ..$.. oL kfFr d"lt{dfg\ b]j h;sf ;Ëaf6 dg'iob]xsf] pTklQ, kfng, ;TolzIff, ljBf /
;Tof]kb]zsf] k|flKt x'g] ub{5 . logLx¿ g} k/d]Zj/sf] k|flKt x'g] l;+9L x'g \ . logLx¿sf] ;]jf gu/]/
h;n] kfiff0fflb d"lt{ k"Hb5g\, tL cltj kfd/, g/sufdL x'g\ .
k|Zg— dftf–lktf cflbsf] ;]jf ug]{ / d"lt{k"hf klg ug]{, ta s'g} bf]if t x'Fb}g xf]nflg <
pQ/— kfiff0fflb d"lt{k"hf ;j{yf 5f]8\g / dftflb d"lt{dfgx¿sf] ;]jf ug{df g} sNof0f 5 .
a8f] cgy{sf] s'/f] xf] ls ;fIfft\ dftf cflb k|ToIf ;'vbfos b]jx¿nfO{ 5f]8]/ cb]j kfiff0fflbdf lz/
lgx'/fpg :jLsf/ u/] . d"9x¿n] o;sf] nflu :jLsf/ u/]sf x'g\ ls olb dftf–lktflbsf] ;fd'Ì] g}j]B
jf e]6–k"hf u¥of}+ eg] t :jo+ vfg]5g\ / e]6L k"hf klg lng]5g\ . xfd|f] d'v jf xftdf kg]{5}g . o;}n]
kfiff0fflb d"lt{ agfP/, To;sf] cufl8 g}j]B /fv]/, 6+6g 306f k"Fk"F zÎ ahfP/, cf}+nf] b]vfpFb}
…Tjdª\u'i7+ u[xf0f, ef]hg+ kbfy{+ jf˜x+ u|xLiofldÚ h:tf sf]xL s;}nfO{ 5n]/ jf lr9fP/ ls tF 306f
lnP/ cf}+nf] b]vfP;\, To;sf] cufl8sf ;a} kbfy{ NofP/ cfk}m ef]Ug], To:t} nLnf oL …k'hf/Lx¿Ú
cyf{t\ k"hfsf] gfddf ;Tsd{sf zq'x¿sf] xf] . d"9x¿nfO{ r6s–d6s, rns–emns b]vfP/,
d"lt{x¿nfO{ rds–bds kfb}{, cfk}m j]Zof, eF8'jf jf 7ux¿sf] t'No aG7g]/ ljrf/ ub{5 ls lga'l4{
cgfyx¿sf] dfnnfO{ xft ;fkm kfb}{ df]h ub{5g\ . olb s'g} wfld{s /fhf x'GYof] eg] t oL
kfiff0flk|ox¿nfO{ 9'Ëf kmf]g{, 3/ agfpg cflb sfddf nufP/ vfg–lkgsf] Joj:yf tyf lgjf{xsf]
af6f] ul/lbg] lyof] .
k|Zg— h;/L :qL cflbsf] kfiff0fflb d"lt{ b]Vgfn] sfdf]TklQ x'G5, To:t} ljt/fu zfGtsf] d"lt{
b]Vgfn] j}/fUo / zflGtsf] k|flKt lsg x'Fb}g <
pQ/— x'g ;Sb}g . lsgeg] Tof] d"lt{sf] h8Tj wd{ cfTdfdf cfpgfn] ljrf/zlQm 36\g
hfG5 . ljj]ssf] lagf g j}/fUo, j}/fUosf] lagf lj1fg, / lj1fgsf] lagf zflGt x'Fb}g . c¿ h]–hlt
x'G5 ;f] pgsf] ;Ë, pkb]z / pgsf] Oltxf;flbnfO{ b]Vgfn] x'g] ub{5, lsgeg] h;sf] u'0f jf bf]if
ghfg]/ To;sf] d"lt{dfq b]Vgfn] k|Llt g} x'Fb}g . k|Llt x'g'sf] sf/0f u'0f1fg xf] . o:tf d"lt{k"hf cflb
g/fd|f sf/0fx¿n] g} cfof{jt{df lgsDdf, k'hf/L, leIf's, cN5L k'?iffy{/lxt s/f]8f}+ dg'io ePsf
5g\ . tL d"9 x'gfn] ;a} ;+;f/df d"9tf pg}n] k}mnfPsf x'g\ . e'm6–5n klg w]/} k}mlnPsf] 5 .
k|Zg— x]/ Û sfzLdf …cf}/Ëh]aÚ afbzfxnfO{ …nf6e}/jÚ cflbn] a8f] rdTsf/ b]vfPsf lyP .
ha d';ndfg To;nfO{ kmf]g{sf] nflu hfOnfu], tf]ksf] uf]nfn] xfg], ta 7"nf–7"nf af?nf / cl/Ëfn
lg:s]/, d';ndfgsf ;a} kmf}hnfO{ Jofs'n kf/]/ eufOlbP .
pQ/— of] kfiff0fsf] rdTsf/ xf]Og . lsGt' ToxfF af?nf / cl/Ëfnsf] uf]nf] lyof] xf]nf .
ltgsf] :jefj x'G5 ls, ha s;}n] ltgnfO{ 5]8\b5 eg] 6f]Sg hfOnfUb5g\ . / h'g b"wsf] wf/fsf]
rdTsf/ eG5f} eg] t, Tof] k'hf/Lsf] nLnf lyof] .
k|Zg— x]/ Û dxfb]jn] Dn]R5nfO{ bz{g glbgsf] nflu s"kdf / j]0fLdfwj Ps a|fXd0fsf] 3/df
uP/ n's] . s] of] klg rdTsf/ xf]Og t <
pQ/— h;sf /Ifs egfpFbf sfne}/j, nf6e}/j cflb e"t–k|]t / u?8 cflb u0fx¿n]
d';ndfg;Fu n8]/ lsg x6fpg ;s]gg\ < ha dxfb]j / lji0f'n] k'/f0fx¿df cg]s lqk'/f;'/ cflb
a8f eoÍ/ b'i6x¿nfO{ e:d ul/lbP eg] hfaf] d';ndfgsf] kmf}hnfO{ lsg e:d u/]gg\ < o;af6
oxL ;l4 x'G5 ls Tof] lar/f kfiff0f s] n8\Yof]–n8fpFYof] < ha d';ndfg dlGb/ / d"lt{x¿ k'm6fNb}
sfzLsf] glhs cfP, ta k'hf/Lx¿n] To; kfiff0fsf] lnËnfO{ s"kdf -s'jfdf_ xfn]/ j]0fLdfwjnfO{
a|fXd0fsf] 3/df n'sfOlbP . ha sfzLdf sfne}/jsf] 8/sf] df/] odb"t hfFb}gg\, k|nodf klg
sfzLsf] gfz x'g lb+b}gg\ eg] t, Dn]R5x¿sf b"t lsg g8/fpg] < / cfˆgf /fhfsf] dlGb/sf] gfz
lsg x'g lbP < of] ;a} kf]knLnf xf] .
uof>f4sf] af/]df ;dLIff -!!=(_
k|Zg— uofdf >f4 ugf{n] lkt[x¿sf kfk kvflnP/ >f4sf] k'0osf] k|efjn] lkt[ :ju{df
hfG5g\ / lkt[n] cfˆgf] xft lgsfn]/ lk08 lnG5g\, s] of] klg e'm6f] s'/f] xf] t <
pQ/— ;j{yf e'm6f] xf] . h'g jxfF lk08 lbgfsf] ToxLvfnsf] k|efj x'G5 eg] t h'g
k08fx¿nfO{ lkt[x¿sf] ;'vsf] nflu nfvf}+ ?k}ofF lbG5g\, To;sf] Joo uofjfnfn] j]Zofudgflb kfkdf
Joo ub{5g\, Tof] kfk lsg 5'6\b}g < / xft lgSn]/ lk08–kfgL lnPsf] cfhsfn sxL+ klg b]lv+b}g,
lagf k08fx¿sf] xft afx]s . oxfF o:tf] u/]sf x'g\ ls s'g} w"t{n] hldgdf u'kmf agfP/ Ps hgf
dg'ionfO{ a;fNof] . To;sf] d'vdf s'z laR5fP/ lk08 lbof] xf]nf / To; dg'ion] p7fof] xf]nf . s'g}
…cfFvfsf] cGwf] ufF7sf] k"/fÚ nfO{ 7u] xf]nfg\, o;df s'g} cfZro{ 5}g . To;/L g} j}hgfynfO{ /fj0fn]
NofPsf] lyof], of] s'/f] klg ldYof xf] .
k|Zg— x]/ Û snsQfsL …sfnLÚ / …sfdfIffÚ cflb b]jLnfO{ nfvf}+ dg'iox¿n] dfGb5g\, s] of]
rdTsf/ xf]Og t <
pQ/— s]xL klg xf]Og . oL cGwfx¿ e]8fsf] ayfge}+m Pssf] k5fl8 csf]{ lx+8\b5g\, s'jf–
vfN8f]df v:b5g\, x6\g ;Sb}gg\ . To;/L g} Ps d"v{sf] k5fl8 csf]{ lx+8]/ d"lt{k"hf¿kL vfN8f]df
km;]/ b'Mv kfpF5g\ .
huÌfy tLy{sf] af/]df ;dLIff -!!=!)_
k|Zg— nf} t lg o;nfO{ t hfg b]pm, k/Gt' …huÌfyÚ df k|ToIf rdTsf/ 5 . Ps sn]j/
ablng] ;dodf rGbgsf] sf7 ;d'b|df :jod]j cfpF5 . r'nf]df dfly–dfly ;ft j6f s;f}+8L /fVgfn]
dfly–dflysf] klxnf–klxnf kfSb5 . olb s;}n] huÌfysf] k|;fb vfPg eg] t s'i7/f]u x'G5 / /y
cfk}m rNb5, kfkLnfO{ bz{g x'Fb}g . …OGb|bdgÚ sf] /fHodf b]jtfx¿n] dlGb/ agfPsf x'g\ . sn]j/
ablng] ;dodf Ps /fhf, Ps k08f, Ps l;sdL{ dg]{ cflb rdTsf/x¿nfO{ klg ltdLn] e'm§f] eÌ
;Sg]5}gf} .
pQ/— h;n] afx| jif{ ko{Gt huÌfysf] k"hf u/]sf] lyof], Tof] lj/Qm x'Fb} dy'/fdf cfPsf]
lyof], To;n] dnfO{ e]6]sf] lyof] . d}n] tL ;a} s'/fsf] pQ/ ;f]w]sf] lyPF, pgn] oL ;a} s'/fx¿ e'm§f
x'g\ eg] . lsGt' ljrf/ ubf{ klg of] lgZro x'G5 ls, ha sn]j/ ablng] ;do cfpF5, ta 8'Fufdf
rGbgsf] sf7 nu]/ ;d'b|df xfNb5g\ . tL sf7x¿ ;d'b|sf] 5fnn] ubf{v]l/ lsgf/f nfUb5g\ . To;nfO{
NofP/ d"lt{sf/x¿n] d"lt{ agfpF5g\ . ha efG5f agfpF5g\ ta kmf6s aGw u/]/ lagf efG5]x¿ afx]s
c¿ s;}nfO{ hfg / x]g{ lb+b}gg\ . e"lddf rf/}lt/ 5M / dfemdf Ps rqmfsf/ r'nf] agfpF5g\ . tL
s;f}+8Lx¿sf] lk+wdf £o", df6f] / v/fgL nufP/ 5M r'nf]df rfdnsf] slgsf ksfP/, To;sf tn
dfe]m/, of] dfemsf] s;f}+8Ldf plQ j]n} rfdn xfn]/, 5M j6} r'nfsf] d'v kmnfdsf] tfjf]n] aGw u/]/,
bz{g ug]{jfnf h'grflx+ wgf9Ø x'G5, To;nfO{ af]nfP/ b]vfpF5g\ . dfly–dflysf] s;f}+8Laf6 eft
lgsfn]/, slgsf ePsf] eftnfO{ b]vfpFb}, tnsf] sfFrf] eftnfO{ lgsfn]/ b]vfpFb} ltgLx¿nfO{ eGb5g\
ls æs]xL s;f}+8Lsf] klg nflu /fv .Æ …cfFvfsf cGwf ufF7sf k"/fÚ n], ?k}ofF–c;kmL{ /fVb5g\ / s;}–
s;}n] dfl;s ¿kdf klg lbg] ub{5g\ .
z"b| gLr hgx¿n] dlGb/df g}j]B NofpF5g\ . ha g}j]B r9fO;lsG5 ta tL z"b|x¿n] h"7f]
xflnlbG5g\ . kZrft\ hf] s;}n] ?k}ofF lbP/ s;f}+8L lnG5, p;sf] 3/ s;f}+8L k'¥ofOlbG5g\ / u/La
u[x:y / ;fw' ;Gtx¿nfO{ lnP/ z"b| / cGToh ko{GtnfO{ Ps} klª\Qmdf a;fn]/, h"7f] ef]hg
u/fpF5g\ . ha Tof] klª\Qm p7\b5, ta–ta pg} kft–6k/Ldf bf];|fnfO{ a;fNb} hfG5g\ . dxf cgfrf/
5 . k]ml/ y'k}| dfG5]x¿ jxfF hfFbfv]l/ ToxfFsf] h"7f] gvfP/ cfk}mn] ksfP/ vfP/ cfpF5g\, w]/}n] k|;fb
klg vfFb}gg\, ltgLx¿nfO{ s'g} s'i7/f]u nfUb}g . k]ml/ p; huÌfyk'/Ldf klg y'k|} s'i7Lx¿ 5g\,
lgTok|lt h"7f] vfFbf klg /f]u 5'6]sf] 5}g .
/ of] huÌfydf jfddfuL{x¿n] e}/jLrqm agfPsf 5g\, lsgeg] …;'eb|fÚ >Ls[i0f / anb]jsL
alxgL kb{l5g\ . pg}nfO{ b'O6} efOx¿sf] aLrdf :qL / dftfsf] :yfgdf a;fPsf 5g\ . olb e}/jLrqm
x'Gy]g eg] t of] s'/f] slxNo} klg x'g ;Sy]g .
k]ml/ /ysf] kfª\u|fsf] ;fydf snf agfPsf 5g\ . ha To;nfO{ ;Lwf 3'dfpF5g\ ta Tof] ;Lwf
3'Db5, ta /y lx+8\b5 . ha d]nfsf] aLrdf k'Ub5 TolQ j]n} sfF6LnfO{ pN6f] 3'dfOlbG5g\, h;sf]
sf/0fn] /y /f]lsG5 . k'hf/Lx¿ k'sfb{5g\— æbfg r9fcf], k'0o u/, h;af6 huÌfy k|;Ì eP/ /y
rnfpg]5g\, cfˆgf] wd{ /xf];\ .Æ ha;Dd e]6L cfpg]–hfg] e}/fVb5, ta;Dd o:t} k'sfb}{/fVb5g\ .
ha k"/f cfO;Sb5, ta Ps j|hjf;L /fd|f] bf];Nnf cf]9]/ cufl8 pleP/ xft hf]8\b} :t'lt ub{5 ls–
æx] huÌfy :jfldg\ Û tkfO{+ s[kf u/]/ /ynfO{ rnfpg'xf];\, xfd|f] wd{ /fVg'xf];\Æ OToflb eGb} ;fi6fË
b08jt\ k|0ffd u/]/ /ydf r9\b5 . 7Ls Tolt j]n} sfF6LnfO{ ;Lwf 3'dfOlbG5g\ / ho–hosf/sf] zAb
af]Nb}, xhf/f}+ dg'ion] 8f]/L tfGb5g\, clg /y rNb5 .
ha y'k|} dfG5]x¿ bz{gsf] nflu hfG5g\, ta olt 7"nf] dlGb/ 5 ls h;df lbgdf cFw]/f] /xG5
/ bLk hnfpg kb{5 . tL d"lt{x¿sf] cufl8, lvr]/ nufpg] k/bf b'j}lt/ /xG5 . k08f–k'hf/L leq
pleO/fv]sf x'G5g\ . ha aunjfnfn] k/bf lvRb5, t'?Gt} d"lt{ 5]lsG5 . ta ;a} k08f / k'hf/L
k'sfb{5g\ ls æltdLn] e]6L r9fpm, ltd|f kfk 5'6\g]5g\, ta bz{g x'g]5 . l5§f] u/ .Æ tL lar/f ef]nf
dg'io w"t{x¿sf xftaf6 n'l6G5g\ / em6 k/bf bf];|f]n] lvlrlbG5, ta bz{g x'G5 . ta ho zAb
af]n]/ k|;Ì x'Fb} wSsf vfP/ lt/:s[t x'Fb} lx+8\b5g\ .
…OGb|bdgÚ jxL xf] ls h;sf s'nsf ce}m;Dd snsQfdf 5g\ . Tof] wgf9Ø /fhf / b]jLsf]
pkf;s lyof] . p;n] nfvf}+ ?k}ofF vr{ u/]/ dlGb/ agfPsf] lyof] . o; sf/0fn] ls cfof{jQ{sf]
ef]hgsf] av]8f o; /Lltaf6 5'6f];\ . k/Gt' tL d"v{n] slxn] 5f]8\g] < …b]jtfÚ dfg t tL
sf/Lu/x¿nfO{ h'g lzNkLx¿n] dlGb/ agfP .
/fhf, k08f / l;sdL{ Tof] ;dodf db}{gg\, k/Gt' jxfF k|wfg /xG5g\ . ;fgfnfO{ b'Mv lbG5g\
xf]nf . pgLx¿n]– ;Ddlt u/]/ p;} ;do cyf{t\ sn]j/ abNg] j]nfdf tL tLg} pkl:yt /xG5g\ .
d"lt{sf] Åbo -5ftL_ df leqkl§ vfnL 5 . To;df Pp6f ;'gsf] ;Dk'6df Ps zflnu|fd /fVb5g\ ls
h;nfO{ k|ltlbg wf]P/ r/0ffd[t agfpF5g\, To;df /flqsf] zog cf/tLdf tL dfG5]x¿n]— ljifsf]
t]hfa nk]l6lbP xf]nfg\ . To;nfO{ wf]P/ pg} tLg hgfnfO{ VjfOlbP xf]nfg\ . h;n] ubf{ tL tLg} hgf
d/] xf]nfg\ . d/] eg]/ o; k|sf/n] ef]hge§x¿n] k|l;4 u/] xf]nfg\ ls huÌfyhL cfˆgf] z/L/ abNg]
j]nfdf tLg} hgf eQmx¿nfO{ klg ;fy}df lnP/ uP . o:tf e'm§f s'/f k/fo wg 7Ugsf] nflu w]/} x'g]
ub{5 .
/fd]Zj/sf] af/]df ;dLIff -!!=!!_
k|Zg— h'g /fd]Zj/df uËf]Q/Lsf] hn r9fpg] ;dodf lnË a9\b5, s] of] s'/f] klg e'm6f] xf]
t<
pQ/— Psbd} e'm6f] xf] . lsgeg] To; dlGb/df klg lbgdf cFw]/f] /xG5 . bLk /ft–lbg
hln/fv]sf] x'G5 . ha hnsf] wf/f 5f]8\b5g\, ta To; hndf lah'nLsf] ;dfg bLksf] k|ltlaDa
rDsG5, c¿ s]xL klg xf]Og . g kfiff0f 36\5, g a9\5, hlQsf] tlQ /xG5 . o:tf] nLnf u/]/ lar/f
lga'l4{x¿nfO{ 7Ub5g\ .
k|Zg— /fd]Zj/nfO{ /fdrGb|n] :yfkgf u/]sf x'g\ . olb d"lt{k"hf j]blj?4 x'GYof] eg] t
…/fdrGb|n]Ú d"lt{:yfkg lsg uy]{ / jfNdLlshLn] /fdfo0fdf lsg n]Vy] <
pQ/— /fdrGb|sf] ;dodf To; lnË jf dlGb/sf] gfd lgzfg klg lyPg, lsGt' of] 7Ls xf]
ls blIf0f b]z:y …/fdÚ /fhfn] dlGb/ agfP/, lnËsf] gfd …/fd]Zj/Ú /flvlbPsf x'g\ . ha /fdrGb|hL
;LtfhLnfO{ lnP/ xg'dfg cflbsf] ;fy nÍf lx+8], cfsfzdfu{df ljdfgdf a;]/ cof]Wof cfpFb} lyP,
ta ;LtfhL;Fu eGb5g\ ls—
cq k"j{+ dxfb]jM k|;fbds/f]låe'M . ;]t'aGw Olt ljVoftd\ ..
—jfNdLls /fdfo0f, nÍfsf08–o'4sf08 -;u{ !@#÷Znf]s @), @!_ ..
x] ;Lt] Û ltd|f] ljof]un] d Jofs'n eP/ 3'Dby]+ / o;} :yfgdf rft'df{; u/]sf] lyPF /
k/d]Zj/sf] pkf;gf Wofg klg ub{y]+ . pg} hf] ;j{q lje' Jofks dxfg\ b]jx¿sf b]j …dxfb]jÚ
k/dfTdf x'g\, pg}sf] s[kfn] xfdLnfO{ ;a} ;fdfu|L oxfF k|fKt eof] . k]ml/ x]/ Û of] ;]t' xfdLn] afFw]/
nÍfdf cfP/, To; /fj0fnfO{ df/]/, ltdLnfO{ lnP/ cfof}+ .. o;sf] l;jfo jxfF jfNdLlsn] cGo s]xL
klg n]v]gg\ .
sflnosGt, ;f]dgfy cflbsf] ;dLIff -!!=!@_
k|Zg— …/Ë x} sflnofsGt sf] . lh;g] x'Ssf lknfof ;Gt sf]Ú .. blIf0fdf Ps sflnofsGtsf]
d"lt{ 5 . To;n] ce}m;Dd klg x'Ssf lkpg] ub{5 . olb d"lt{k"hf e'm6f] x'GYof] eg] t of] rdTsf/ klg
e'm6f] agf];\ .
pQ/— e'm§f]–e'm§f]–e'm§f] . of] ;a} kf]knLnf xf] . lsgeg] Tof], d"lt{sf] d'vleq Kjfn 5 xf]nf .
To;sf] l5b| k[i7df lgsfn]/, leQfsf] kf/L, bf];|f] 3/sf] sf]7fdf gn nufPsf] 5 xf]nf . ha k'hf/Ln]
x'Ssf e/]/, lrnd nufpFb} d'vsf] gnLdf hf]8fP/, k/bf nufP/ aflx/ lg:sG5 xf]nf, 7Ls Tolt j]nf
k5fl8sf] dfG5]n] d'vn] gnLaf6 ;sf]{ tfGb5 xf]nf, otflt/ x'Ssf u8u8 u/]/ cfjfh ub{5 xf]nf .
bf];|f] l5b| gfs / d'vsf] ;fydf nfu]sf] 5 xf]nf . ha k5fl8 k'Fms dfb{5, ta gfs / d'vsf] l5b|af6
w'jfF lgSnG5 xf]nf . To; ;dodf y'k|} d"9x¿af6 wgflb kbfy{ n'6]/ wg/lxt ub{5g\ xf]nf .
k|Zg— x]/ Û 8fsf]/hLsf] d"lt{ åfl/sfb]lv eutsf] ;fydf cfof] . Ps ;jf /QLsf] ;'gdf sof}+
dgsf] d"lt{ tf}lnof] . s] of] klg rdTsf/ xf]Og <
pQ/— xf]Og . Tof] eQmn] d"lt{nfO{ rf]/]/ Nofof] xf]nf / ;jf /QLsf] a/fa/ d"lt{sf] t'ngf, s'g}
uFh8L dfG5]n] ukm xfFlslbof] xf]nf .
k|Zg— x]/ Û ;f]dgfyhL k[YjLb]lv dfly /xGy] / pgsf] a8f] rdTsf/ lyof], s] of] klg ldYof
s'/f] xf] <
pQ/— xf] ldYof xf] . lsgeg] Tof] kmnfdaf6 ag]sf] d"lt{ lyof] . tn dfly r'Das kfiff0f
nufP/ /fv]sf lyP . To;sf] cfsif{0fn] ubf{ Tof] d"lt{ lagf cfwf/ e'l08GYof] . ha dxd"b–uhgL
cfP/ n8Øf], ta of] rdTsf/ eof] ls To;sf] dlGb/ eTsfOof] / k'hf/L eQmx¿sf] b'bzf{ eof], /
nfvf}+ kmf}h bz xhf/ kmf}h;Fu k/flht eP/ efu]/ uP . h'g kf]k–k'hf/L k"hf, k'/Zr/0f, :t'lt,
k|fy{gf ub{y] ls ædxfb]j Û o; Dn]R5nfO{ t}+n] dfl/b], xfd|f] /Iff u/Æ, cfˆgf r]nf /fhfx¿nfO{
;DemfpFy] ls ætkfO{+ lglZrGt /xg'xf];\ . dxfb]jhLn] e}/j cyjf jL/eb|nfO{ k7fOlbg]5g\ . pgLx¿n]
;a} Dn]R5nfO{ df/]/ cGwf] agfOlbg]5g\ . clxn] xfd|f b]jtf k|l;4 x'g]5g\ . xg'dfg, b'uf{ / e}/jn]
;kgfdf eg]sf 5g\ ls xfdL ;a} sfd ul/lbg]5f}+ .Æ tL lar/f ef]n] /fhf / Iflqo kf]kx¿n]
axsfpgfn] ljZjf;df k/] .
slt g} Hof]ltifL kf]kx¿n] eg] ls clxn] ltdLn] r9fO{ ug]{ d'x"Q{ lg:s]sf] 5}g . Pp6fn] cf7f}+
rGb|df atfof] . csf]{n] of]lugL ;fd'Ì] b]vfof], OToflb axsfj6df /x] .
ha Dn]R5x¿sf] kmf}hn] cfP/ 3]/f xfn], ta b'b{zfn] cQflnP/ efu] . sof}+ kf]k–k'hf/L /
pgsf r]nf kqmfpdf k/] . k'hf/Lx¿n] xft hf]8]/ of] klg eÌ EofP ls tLg s/f]8 ?k}ofF n]n, dlGb/
/ d"lt{ gk'm6fn . d';ndfgx¿n] eg] ls æxfdL …a'Tk/:tÚ xf]Ogf}+ lsGt' …a'tlzsg\Ú cyf{t\ d"lt{k"hs
xf]Ogf}+, lsGt' d"lt{e~hs xf}+ cyf{t\ k'm6fNg]jfnf xf}+ .Æ uP/ dlGb/ k'm6flnlbP . ha dflysf] 5t
elTsof], ta r'Das kfiff0f k[ys\ x'gfn] d"lt{ tn v:of] . ha d"lt{ k'm6fn] ;'lgG5 ls cÝfx| s/f]8sf]
/Tg lgl:sof] . ha k'hf/L / kf]kdfly 808f / sf]/f{ al;{of], ta ?g nfu] . d';ndfgn] eg] ls sf]if
atfcf] . 8/sf] df/] t'?Gt} elglbP . tL ;a} lnP/ n'6kf6 ub}{ kf]ksf r]nfx¿nfO{ …bf;Ú a]uf/L
agfP/, lk:g;Dd lk;fP/, 3fF; sf6\g nufP, dn–d"qflb p7fpg nufP / rgf vfgsf] nflu lbP .
xfo Û lsg 9'Ëfsf] d"lt{nfO{ k"hf u/]/ ;TofgfznfO{ k|fKt eP < lsg k/d]Zj/sf] elQm u/]gg\,
h;n] Dn]R5x¿sf bfFt efFlrlbGy] / cfˆgf] ljho uy]{ . x]/ Û hlt d"lt{x¿ lyP, Tolt z"/jL/x¿sf]
k"hf ub{y] eg] tfklg logLx¿sf] slt /Iff x'g] lyof] < k'hf/Lx¿n] olt elQm kfiff0fx¿sf] u/] ls–
k/Gt' d"lt{n] Pp6f klg pgsf] lz/df p8]/ rf]6 k'¥ofpg ;s]g . olb s'g} Pp6f z"/jL/sf] klg
d"lt{s} ;b[z ;]jf u/]sf] eP t, To;n] cfˆgf] ;]jssf] oyfzlQm arfp ug]{ lyof] / zq'nfO{
dfg]{lyof] .
åf/sf Hjfnfd'vL cflbsf] ;dLIff -!!=!#_
k|Zg— åf/sfhLsf …/0f5f]8hLÚ sf] h;n] …g;L{d]xtfÚ nfO{ x'08L k7fOlbP/ p;sf] C0f r'Qmf
ul/lbP, OToflb s'/f] klg e'm6f] xf] t <
pQ/— s'g} ;fx'sf/n] ?k}ofF lbof] xf]nf . s'g}n] e'm§f] gfd p8fOlbof] xf]nf ls >Ls[i0fn] k7fP
eg]/ . ha ;+jt\ !(!$ sf] jif{df tf]kx¿ rnfP/ dlGb/–d"lt{x¿ c+u|]hx¿n] p8fOlbPsf lyP, ta
d"lt{ sxfF uPsf] lyof] < k|To't af3]/ hgx¿n] hlt jL/tf;Fu n8], zq'x¿nfO{ df/], k/Gt' d"lt{n]
Pp6f dfvfsf] v'§f hlQnfO{ klg efFRg ;s]g . olb sf]xL >Ls[i0fsf] ;b[z x'GYof] eg] t, logLx¿sf]
w'nf] sfl8lbGy] / oL efUg] lyP . hxfF ls p;sf] /Ifsn] g} df/ vfG5 eg] t, To;sf] z/0ffut lsg
glkl6g] <
k|Zg— Hjfnfd'vL t k|ToIf b]jL x'g\, ;a}nfO{ vflG5g\ / k|;fb lbPdf t cfwf vfOlblG5g\ /
cfwf 5f]l8lblG5g\ . d';ndfg afbzfxx¿n] pgLdfly hnsf] gx/ 5f]8]/ kmnfdsf] tfcf] h8fOlbPsf
lyP t/ klg Hjfnf lge]g / /f]lsPg klg . To:t} lx+unfh klg cfwL /ftsf] ;jf/L u/]/ kxf8df
b]lvlG5g\, kxf8df uh{gf u/fpFbl5g\ . rGb|s"k af]Nb5 / of]lgoGqaf6 lg:sg ;s]df k'gh{Gd x'Fb}g .
7"d/f afFWgfn] k"/f dxfk'?if x'G5 . ha;Dd lx+unfh uP/ cfpFb}g, ta;Dd cfwf dxfk'?if elgG5,
OToflb ;a} s'/fx¿ s] dfÌof]Uo 5}g <
pQ/— 5}g . lsgeg] Tof] Hjfnfd'vL kxf8leqaf6 cfuf] lg:sG5 . To;df k'hf/L kf]kx¿sf]
ljlrq nLnf 5 . h;/L emfÌnfO{ ttfPsf] rDrfsf] £o"df Hjfnf cfpF5, cnu ugf{n] jf kF'ms dfgf{n]
lgEb5, yf]/} £o"nfO{ vfOlbG5, z]if 5f]8]/ uPs} ;dfg ToxfF klg x'G5 . h;/L r'nfsf] Hjfnfdf h]
xflnG5 Tof] e:d x'g hfG5, hËn jf 3/df nfUg uPdf ;a}nfO{ vfOlbG5, o;eGbf ToxfF s] ljz]if
5 / < lagf Ps dlGb/, s'08 / otf–ptf gn /rgfsf] . lx+unfhdf g s'g} ;jf/L x'G5, / h]–hlt
x'G5, Tof] ;a} kf]k–k'hf/Lx¿sf] nLnf afx]s s]xL klg xf]Og . Ps hn / bNbnsf] s'08 agfP/
/fv]sf 5g\, h;sf] tnlt/af6 kfgLsf] kms'G6fx¿ p7\b5g\ . To;}nfO{ ;'kmnofqf x'g' d"9x¿n]
dfGb5g\ . of]lgsf] oGq kf]khLn] wg xg{sf] nflu agfP/ /fv]sf 5g\, / 7"d/] klg p;} k|sf/sf]
kf]knLnfsf] xf] . p;af6 dxfk'?if x'G5 eg] t Ps kz'dfly 7"d/]sf] af]em nbfOlbPdf s] Tof] dxfk'?if
aG5 t < dxfk'?if t 7"nf pQd wd{o'Qm k'?iffy{af6 x'g] ub{5 .
k|Zg—cd[t;/sf] tnfp cd[t¿k, Ps /L7fsf] kmn cfwf dL7f], Ps leQf lgx'/G5 / 9Nb}g,
/]jfn;/df a]8f tb{5g\, cd/gfydf cfk}m lnË aGb5, lxdfnob]lv k/]jfsf hf]8L cfP/ ;a}nfO{ bz{g
lbP/ hfG5g\, s] oL ;a} s'/fnfO{ klg dfÌ of]Uo 5}g <
pQ/— 5}g . p; tnfpsf] gfddfq cd[t;/ xf] . ha s'g} avtdf hËn lyof] xf]nf, Tolt
j]nf To;sf] hn dL7f] lyof] xf]nf . o;}n] To;sf] gfd cd[t;/ /fv] xf]nfg\ . olb cd[t x'GYof] eg] t
k'/f0fLx¿n] dfg]e}+m sf]O{ lsg db{y] < leQfsf] agfj6 o:tf] xf]nf ls g'U5 klg / 9Nb}g klg . /L7fsf]
s'/f] s'g} n]vf}8fn] cyjf ukmf8Ln] ukm xfFlslbPsf] xf]nf . /]jfn;/df a]8f t}/fpg] s'g} sf/Lu/L 5
xf]nf . cd/gfydf a/kmsf] kxf8 aGb5 eg], hn hd]/ ;fgf] lnË aÌ' s'grflx+ cfZro{sf] s'/f]
eof] < / k/]jfsf hf]8f kflnt xf]nfg\, kxf8sf] cf8af6 kf]khLn] 5f]l8lbG5g\ xf]nf . b]vfP/ k};f
x8K5g\ xf]nf .
xl/åf/, ab/Lgf/fo0f, kz'kltgfy cflbsf] ;dLIff -!!=!$_
k|Zg— …xl/åf/Ú :ju{sf] åf/, …x/sL kL9LÚ df :gfg u/] t kfk 5'6]/ hfG5g\, …tkf]jgÚ df
/xFgfn] tk:jL x'G5 . …b]jk|ofuÚ, uËf]Q/Ldf …uf]d'vÚ, pQ/sfzLdf …u'KtsfzLÚ, …lqo'uLgf/fo0fÚ sf]
bz{g x'G5 . …s]bf/Ú / …ab|Lgf/fo0fÚ sf] k"hf 5M dlxgf;Dd dg'ion] / 5M dlxgf;Dd b]jtfn] ub{5g\ .
dxfb]jsf] d'v g]kfndf kz'kltgfyÙ dnåf/ s]bf/df, t'Ëgfydf 3'F8f clg cd/gfydf k}tfnf .
logLx¿sf] bz{g–kz{g–:gfg ugf{n] d'lQm ldNb5 . jxfF s]bf/gfy / ab|Lgfyaf6 :ju{df hfg rfx] t
hfg ;lsG5, OToflb s'/fx¿ s:tf] xf] <
pQ/— xl/åf/ pQ/ kxf8x¿df hfgsf] nflu Pp6f dfu{sf] cf/De xf] . …x/sL kL9LÚ Ps
:gfgsf] nflu s'08sf] l;+9Lx¿nfO{ agfOPsf] 5 . ;fFRr} egf}+ eg] t …xf8kL9LÚ xf], lsgeg] b]z–
b]zfGt/x¿sf d[tssf xf8vf]/x¿ To;df t}l//fv]sf] x'G5 . kfk slxNo} 5'6 \g ;Sb}g lagf ef]u],
cyjf sl6+b}gg\ . …tkf]jgÚ ha lyof] ta lyof] xf]nf, clxn] t …leIf'sjgÚ xf] . …tkf]jgÚ df hfgfn],
/xFgfn], tk x'Fb}g, lsGt' tk t ugf{n] x'G5, lsgeg] jxfF y'k|} bf]sfgbf/ e'm6 af]Ng]x¿ klg /xG5g\ .
…lxdjtM k|ejlt uËfÚ kxf8sf] dflyaf6 hn v:b5 . uf]d'vsf] cfsf/ kf]knLnfaf6 agfPsf xf]nfg\
/ ToxL kxf8 kf]ksf] :ju{ xf] . jxfF pQ/sfzL cflb :yfg WofgLx¿sf nflu /fd|f] xf], k/Gt'
bf]sfGbf/Lx¿sf nflu ToxfF klg bf]sfg} xf] . b]jk|ofu k'/f0fsf ukmf8Lx¿sf] nLnf xf], cyf{t \ hxfF
cnvgGbf / uËf ldn]sL 5g\, o;}n] jxfF b]jtf a:b5g\, o:tf] ukm gdfg]{ eg] t ToxfF sf] hfg] /
s;n] k};f lbg] < u'KtsfzL t 5}g, Tof] t k|l;4 sfzL xf] . tLg o'usf] w"gL t b]lv+b}g k/Gt'
kf]kx¿sf bz–aL; lk+9Lsf] xf]nf, h:t} hf]uLx¿sf] w"gL / kf;L{x¿sf] cUof/L ;b}j hln/xG5 .
tKts'08 klg kxf8sf] leq x'gfn] pidf udL{ x'G5, To;df tk]/ hn cfpF5 . To;sf] glhs} bf];|f]
s'08df dflysf] hn jf hxfF tftf] 5}g, jxfFsf] hn cfpF5 . o;}n] rL;f] x'G5 . s]bf/gfysf] :yfg—
Tof] e"ld clt /fd|f] 5, k/Gt' jxfF klg Pp6f hd]sf] 9'Ëfdfly kf]k jf kf]ksf r]nfx¿n] dlGb/ agfP/
/fv]sf 5g\ . jxfF dxGt–k'hf/L–k08fn] cfFvfsf …cGwf ufF7sf k"/f;Fuaf6Ú dfndQf lnP/ ljifofgGb
ub{5g\ . To;/L g} …ab|Lgf/fo0fÚ df klg 7u–ljBfjfn] y'k|} a;]sf 5g\ . /fjnhL gfd u/]sf ToxfFsf
d'Vo 7ubf/ x'g\ . Pp6L :qLnfO{ 5f]8]/ y'k|} /vf}6L a6'n]/ /fv]sf 5g\ . kz'kltgfy Pp6f dlGb/ /
k~rd'vL d"lt{sf] gfd dxfb]j /fv]sf 5g\ . ha s;}n] ;f]Wb}g ta kf]knLnf anjtL x'G5 . k/Gt' c¿
tLy{sf hlt w"t{ wgx/] x'G5g\, To:tf kxf8Lx¿ x'Fb}gg\ . e"ld a8f] /d0fLo / kljq 5 .
k|Zg— ljGWofrndf …ljGWo]Zj/L sfnL ci6e'hfÚ k|ToIf ;To xf] . ljGWo]Zj/Ln] tLg ;dodf
tLg ¿k k]mb{l5g\ / pgsf] af/leq dfvf slQ klg x'Fb}gg\ . k|ofu tLy{/fh jxfF 6fpsf] d'8fP/ l;4,
uËf–hd'gfsf] ;Ëddf :gfg ugf{n] OR5f l;l4 x'G5 . To:t} cof]Wof sof}+ k6s p8]/ ;a} a:tL;lxt
:ju{df uof] . dy'/f ;a} tLy{x¿df clws, j[Gbfjg nLnf:yfg / uf]j4{g j|hofqf a8f] efUon]
ldNb5 . ;"o{u|x0fdf s'?If]qdf nfvf}+ dfG5] hfg]–cfpg] ub{5g\, s] oL ;a} s'/fx¿ cGoyf xf] t <
pQ/— k|ToIf t cfFvfn] tLgj6} d"lt{x¿ b]lvG5g\, kfiff0fsf d"lt{x¿ x'g\ . / tLg sfndf tLg
k|sf/sf] ¿k x'gfsf] sf/0f k'hf/Lx¿sf] j:q cfe"if0f klx/fpg] rt'/fO{sf] snf xf] / dfvfx¿ xhf/f}+–
nfvf}+ x'G5g\, d}n] cfˆg} cfFvfn] b]v]sf] 5' . k|ofudf s'g} gflkt Znf]s agfpg]jfnf cyjf kf]khLnfO{
s]xL lbP/ 6fpsf] d'8fpg] dfxfTDo agfP jf agfpg nufP xf]nfg\ . k|ofudf :gfg u/]/ sf]xL klg
:ju{ uPsf] t b]lvPsf] 5}g, lsGt' 3/ kms{+b} u/]sf b]lvG5g\ . cyjf olb s'g} jxfF 8'a]/ d¥of] eg] t
To;sf] hLj klg cfsfzdf jfo'sf] ;fydf 3'd]/ ToxL+ hGd lnG5 xf]nf . tLy{/fh klg gfd kf]kx¿n]
/fv]sf x'g\ . h8df /fhfk|hfefj slxNo} x'g ;Sb}g . of] a8f] c;Dejsf] s'/f] 5 ls cof]Wof gu/L,
a:tL, s's'/, uwf, kf]8], Rofd] ;lxt tLg k6s :ju{df uof] . :ju{df t uPsf] 5}g, jxL+sf] jxL+ 5,
k/Gt' kf]khLsf] d'v–uˆkmf}8fdf cof]Wof :ju{df p8]/ uof] . of] uˆkmf}8f zAb¿k p8\b} lkml//xG5 .
o:t} g} g}ldiff/0o cflbsf] klg kf]knLnf hfÌ' . …dy'/f tLg} nf]sb]lv clåtLoÚ t xf]Og, k/Gt' To;df
tLg hGt' a8f nLnfwf/L 5g\ ls h;n] ubf{ hn, :yn / cGtl/Ifdf s;}nfO{ ;'v ldNg sl7g 5 .
Ps t rf}a] hf] sf]xL ToxfF :gfg ug{ hfG5 To;nfO{ blIf0ffn] n'6]/ cfˆgf] agfpg pleP/ s/fO/x]sf]
x'G5 æNofpm ohdfg Û efË, lrnd lkcf}+ / n8\8' vfcf}+ .Æ bf];|f] kfgLdf s5'jfn] dfg}{+ cfF6\b5g\,
h;n] ubf{ 3f6df :gfg ug{ klg sl7g x'G5 . t];|f] cfsfzdfly /ftf] d'v ePsf afFb/ ku8L, 6f]kL,
uxgf, h'Qf;Dd klg 5f]8\b}gg\, n'5\g cfpF5g\, ws]n]/ v;fNg} cfF6\5g\, / oL tLg} y/L kf]k / kf]ksf
r]nfx¿df k"hgLo 5g\ . rgf cflb cÌ s5'jf, afFb/nfO{ rgf u'F8 cflb / rf}a]nfO{ blIf0ff /
n8\8'x¿n] pgsf ;]jsn] ;]jf ub{5g\ . j[Gbfjg ha lyof] ta lyof], clxn] t j]Zofjgjt\ nNnf–
nNnL / u'?–r]nL cflbsf] nLnf k}mln/x]sf] 5 . To;/L g} bLkdflnsfsf] d]nf, uf]j4{g / j|hofqfdf
klg kf]kx¿sf] :jfy{l;4 ePsf] 5 . s'?If]qdf klg ToxL hLljsfsf] nLnf ;Demg' . logLx¿df hf]
sf]xL wfld{s k/f]ksf/L k'?if 5g\, o; kf]knLnfaf6 k[ys\ x'g hfG5g\ .
k|Zg— oL d"lt{k"hf / tLy{ ;gftgb]lv rn]/ cfPsf] 5, e'm6f] s;/L x'g;Sb5 <
pQ/— ltdLn] ;gftg s;nfO{ eGb5f} < h'g ;bfb]lv rn]/ cfPsf] 5 . olb of] ;bfb]lv
x'GYof] eg] t j]b / a|fXd0fflb Clifd'lgs[t k':tsx¿df logLx¿sf] gfd lsg 5}g < of] d"lt{k"hf
kRrL; ;o–tLg xhf/ jif{sf] otflt/af6 jfddfuL{ / h}gLx¿n] rnfPsf x'g\ . k|yd cfof{jQ{df
lyPg . / oL tLy{ klg lyPgg\ . ha h}gLx¿n] lu/gf/, kfln6fgf, lzv/, zq'~ho / cfa" cflb tLy{
agfP, pgs} cg's"n logLx¿n] klg agfP . olb s;}n] logsf] cf/Desf] k/LIff ug{ rfxG5 eg] tL
k08fx¿sf] k'/fgf] eGbf k'/fgf] axLvftf, tfd|kq, e'hkq, u'7Lsf clen]v cflb x]g'{xf];\, ta lgZro
x'g hfg]5 ls oL ;a} tLy{ kfFr ;o cyjf xhf/ jif{sf] otfb]lv ag]sf x'g \ . xhf/ jif{ eGbf ptfsf]
n]v s;};Fu 5}g / lgsfNg klg ;sb}gg\ . o;}n] oL cfw'lgs x'g\ .
k|Zg— h'g–h'g tLy{ jf gfdsf] dfxfTDo cyf{t\ h:t} …cGoIf]q] s[t+ kfk+ sfzLIf]q] ljgZoltÚ
-sfzLdfxfTDo, sfzLv08_ OToflb s'/f] ;fFrf] xf] ls xf]Og <
pQ/— ;fFrf] xf]Og . lsgeg] olb kfk 5'6\Yof] eg] t bl/b|x¿nfO{ wg, /fhÙ cGwfx¿nfO{
cfFvf ldNYof] Û s'i7 /f]uLx¿sf] /f]u lgsf] x'g] lyof]Ù o:tf] x'Fb}g . o;}n] kfk jf k'0o s;}sf] klg
5'6\b}g .
k|Zg— x]/ Û g]kfnsf] d'lQmgfydf tLy{ofqLx¿sf] sqf] eL8 nfUb5 . rf/wfd u//] cfof] t/
d'lQmgfy uPg eg] t d'lQm ldNb}g . sfnLdf zflnu|fd kfOG5 . zflnu|fddf lji0f'sf] rqm k|ToIf
b]lvG5, s] of] klg e'm6f] xf] t <
pQ/— xf], e'm6f] xf] . d'lQmgfydf uP/ d'Qm ePsf t sf]xL b]lv+b}gg\, pN6f] ToxfFsf] l;/]6f]n]
xfg]/, psfnf] r9\bf bd a9]/ / zLtn] s7f+lu|P/ ynf kb}{ la/fdL eP/ 3/ kms{+b} u/]sf w]/}
b]lvG5g\ . zflnu|fdsf] s'/f e"uf]nsf] agfj6n] ubf{ gbLsf tL/df kmnfd] 9'Ëf kfOG5g\ . h;sf]
agfj6df wft' ldl;Psf]n] ubf{ To;nfO{ kmf]bf{v]l/ 6'qmfdf rqm kb{5 . j}i0fjdtsf k|efjsf sf/0f
lji0f'sf] rqm eg]/ dfGb5g\ .
df+;fxf/ Pj+ aln k|yfsf] lgif]w -!!=!%_
k|Zg— k]ml/, g]kfnsf clwsf+z dfO{ zAbfGt ePsf zlQmkL7x¿ h:t}— dgsfdgf dfO{, u9L
dfO{, ljGWojfl;gL dfO{, r'l/of dfO{, sflnsf dfO{, kfyLe/f OToflb / 5AbL j/fx, 9f]/ j/fx, tfn
j/fx h:tf j/fxIf]qsf] sqf] dlxdf 5 . d]8f] lnP/ cfpF5' eg]/ efsn u¥of] eg] t dgf]jfl~5t kmn
ldNb5 . ljleÌ sf]tx¿ nufot bz}+sf] ci6dL / gjdLdf zlQmkL7 / 3/–3/df b'uf{sf] :yfkgf u/]/
kz'–kIfLsf] aln lbG5g\ . s] o;sf] kmn / k/Dk/f klg e'm6f] xf] t <
pQ/— Psbd} e'6f] xf] Û hlt klg zlQmkL7x¿, sf]tx¿ / j/fxIf]q 5g\, tL ;a}df
jfddfuL{x¿sf] ljz]if k|efj k/]sf] 5 . ljz]if u/]/ b'uf{kf7 / tGqu|Gyx¿sf] c;/ xf] . cy{;lxt
j]bx¿nfO{ k9\g] ljåfg\ 5Fb}5}gg\ eGbf klg x'G5 . hLjlx+;fsf] cfzf /fv]/ efsn ug'{ / bz}+sf]
sf6df/sf] k/Dk/f s'g} k|sf/n] klg wd{ xf]Og . nfvf}+ lgbf]{if kz'–kIfLsf] aln r9fP/ /utn]
zlQmkL7, sf]t / cfFug /utfDo kf/]/ b'u{lGwt e}/fv]sf] x'G5 . of] dfq} 9'Ëf] /ftf] k]6 tftf] ug]{
k|k~r xf] . dgf]jfl~5t kmn kfPsf] t b]lv+b}g, a? sËfn aGb} uPsf eg] sof}+ b]lvG5g\ .
k/d]Zj/;Fu ;Da4 s'g} klg wdf{g'i7fgsf] gfddf hLjlx+;f gug{sf] nflu j]bsf] :ki6 cfb]z 5 .
x]/—
===A¸Nya/===yj?manSy p/zUn! pa?ih .1. —oh'j]{b -cWofo !÷dGq !_ ..
ra/j/sUY?a< vaj/pey?miGnòae/mStd?Xv/r> ,

A/kaR/Zv/me/xavuiCD?òe jI/vb?ihRmR/idNt?m> .2. —cyj{j]b -sf08 !!÷;"Qm &÷dGq &_ ..

ìI/ihm?Ä</ yv?mÄ/mwae/ ma;/mwae/ itl?m! ,

@/; v?a< -a/gae inih?tae rTn/xeya?y dNtaE/ ma ih?<isò< ip/tr<? ma/tr<? c.3.
—cyj{j]b -sf08 ^÷;"Qm !$)÷dGq @_ ..
 ! @ # ! @/ # !@
nik deva #nImis n Kya yaepyamis mNÇïuTy< cramis .4.
—;fdj]b -k"jf{lrs÷bztL (÷v08 &÷dGq @_Ù -dGq !&^_ ..
cy{— x] dg'iox¿ xf] Û kz' …c£GoÚ x'g\, cyf{t\ slxNo} klg dfg{ of]Uo 5}gg\, kz'x¿sf] /Iff
u/ ..!.. /fh;"o, jfhk]o, clUgi6f]d, cs{d]w, cZjd]w cflb ;a} …cWj/Ú cyf{t\ lx+;f/lxt o1 x'g\ .
h;n] k|f0fLdfqsf] nflu j[l4 / ;'v–zflGtsf] k|sfz 5b{5 ...@.. x] bfFtsf b'O6} k+lQmx¿ xf] Û eft
vfcf], hf} vfcf], df; vfcf] / ltn vfcf] . oL cgfh ltd|f nflu g} ag]sf x'g\ . o;}af6 ltd|f]
z/L/df /;–?lw/–df+;–d]b;\–cl:y–dHhf–jLo{¿kL ;ft wft'x¿sf] lgdf{0f x'g]5 . ltgLx¿nfO{ gdf/
hf] dftf–lktf aÌ] of]Uotf /fVb5g\ ..#.. x] b]jx¿ xf] Û xfdLn] lx+;f ub}{gf}+, g t To:tf] s'g} cg'i7fg
g} ub{5f}+ h;n] c¿nfO{ xflg k'¥ofcf];\, g t s'g} wd{ lj?4 sfo{ ub{5f}+, lsGt' j]b dGqsf] cfb]z
cg';f/ wdf{r/0f ub{5f}+ ..$.. Pj+ oL dGqx¿df ;Dk"0f{ o1nfO{ …c£GoÚ, …cWj/Ú, …df lx+l;i6d\Ú,
…OgLdl;Ú elgPsf] 5 . h;sf] Psdfq ;j{;Ddt cy{ ælx+;f/lxt o1Æ xf] . ctM :ki6 5 ls j]bn]
s'g} klg wfld{s cg'i7fgsf] sfo{df kz'jwsf] cf1f lbPsf] 5}g . ;fy} dg'ionfO{ df+;fxf/b]lv ;j{yf
b"/ /xgsf] nflu cfb]z ub{5 .
uËf:gfgsf] ;dLIff -!!=!^_
k|Zg—
uËf uË]lt of] a|"ofBf]hgfgf+ zt}/lk . d'Rot] ;j{kfk]Eof] lji0f'nf]s+ ; uR5lt ..!..
—a|Xdk'/f0f cWofo -!&%÷Znf]s *@_Ù kßk'/f0f pQ/v08 -cWofo @#÷Znf]s @_ ..
xl/x{/lt kfkflg xl/l/ToIf/åod\ ..@.. —kßk'/f0f pQ/v08 -cWofo &@÷Znf]s !@_ ..
k|ftMsfn] lzj+ b[i6\jf lglzkfk+ ljgZolt . cfhGds[t+ dWofÂ] ;fofÂ] ;KthGdgfd\ ..#..
—oL ;a} kf]kk'/f0fx¿sf Znf]s x'g\ -tLy{bk{0f k08fck{0f–kl/R5]b @_ ..
h;n] ;os8f}+–xhf/f}+ sf]; b"/af6 klg uËf–uËf eG5 eg] t, To;sf ;a} kfkx¿ gi6 eP/
Tof] lji0f'nf]s cyf{t\ j}s'07df hfG5 ..!.. …xl/Ú o; b'O{ cIf/sf] gfdf]Rrf/0fn] ;a} kfkx¿nfO{ x/0f
ub{5, To;/L g} /fd, s[i0f, lzj, eujtL cflb gfd dfxfTDo 5 ..@.. / h'g dg'io k|ftMsfndf …lzjÚ
cyf{t\ lnË jf p;sf] d"lt{sf] bz{g u/]df t /flqdf u/]sf], dWofÂsf] bz{gdf hGdel/sf], ;foÍfndf
bz{g ugf{n] ;ft} hGdx¿sf] kfk 5'6\b5g\ ..#.. of] bz{gdfxfTDo s] e'm6f] x'g]5 <
pQ/— ldYof x'gdf s] zÍf < lsgeg] uËf jf x/], /fd, s[i0f, gf/fo0f, lzj / eujtL
gfd:d/0fn] kfk slxNo} klg 5'6\b}g . olb 5'6\Yof] eg] t sf]xL klg b'MvL x'Gy]gg\ . / kfk ug{af6
sf]xL klg 8/fpg] lyPgg\, h;/L cfhef]ln kf]knLnfdf kfksf] a9f]Q/L e}/x]sf] 5 . lsgeg]
d"9x¿nfO{ ljZjf; 5 ls xfdLn] kfk u/]/, gfd:d/0f jf tLy{ofqf u¥of}+ eg] t kfkx¿sf] lgj[lQ x'g
hfg]5 . o;} ljZjf;df kfk u/]/ o; nf]s / k/nf]ssf] gfz ub{5g\ . / u/]sf] kfknfO{ ef]Ug} kb{5 .
gfd:d/0f / tLy{ zAbsf] JofVof -!!=!&_
k|Zg— To;f] eP s'g} tLy{ / gfd:d/0f ;To xf] ls xf]Og t <
pQ/— ;To xf] . j]bflb zf:qx¿nfO{ k9\g'–k9fpg', wfld{s ljåfg\x¿sf] ;ËÙ k/f]ksf/,
wdf{g'i7fg, of]ufEof;, lgj}{/, lgisk6tf, ;Toefif0f, ;To dfÌ', ;To ug'{Ù a|Xdrøo{Ù cfrfo{, cltly,
dftf, lktfsf] ;]jfÙ k/d]Zj/sf] :t'lt–k|fy{gf–pkf;gfÙ zflGt, lht]lGb|otf, ;'zLntf, wd{o'Qmk'?iffy{,
1fg–lj1fg cflb z'eu'0f–sd{ b'Mvx¿af6 tfg]{ x'gfn] tLy{ x'g\ . / h'g hn–:yndo 5g\, tL tLy{
slxNo} x'g ;Sb}gg\ . lsgeg] …hgf o}:t/lGt tflg tLyf{lgÚ dg'ion] h;nfO{ u/]/ b'Mvaf6 tb{5
To;sf] gfd …tLy{Ú xf] . hn–:yn tfg]{jfnf xf]Ogg\, lsGt' 8'afP/ dfg]{jfnf x'g\ . k|To't 8'Fuf cflbsf]
gfd …tLy{Ú x'g ;Sb5, lsgeg] p;af6 tfn, gbL / ;d'b| cflb tg]{ ul/G5 .
smantIweR vasI .1. —kfl0fgLo ci6fWofoL -cWofo $÷kfb $÷;"q !)^_ ..
nm/StIWyaRy? c/ .2. —of] oh'j]{b -cWofo !^÷dGq $@_ sf] jrg xf] ..
hf] a|Xdrf/L Ps cfrfo{;Fu / Ps zf:qnfO{ ;fy–;fy k9\b5 eg], tL ;a} …;tLYo{Ú cyf{t\
;dfgtLy{;]jL x'G5g\ ..!..
hf] j]bflb–zf:q / ;Toefif0fflb wd{–nIf0fx¿df ;fw' x'G5, To;nfO{ cÌflb kbfy{ lbg' /
p;af6 ljBf lng' OToflbnfO{ …tLy{Ú eGb5g\ ..@..
 …gfd:d/0fÚ o;nfO{ eGb5g\ ls— ySy/ nam? m/h*z?> . —oh'j]{b -cWofo #@÷dGq #_ ..
k/d]Zj/sf] sfd 7"nf] …ozÚ cyf{t\ wd{o'Qm sfdx¿nfO{ ug'{ xf] . h;/L a|Xd, k/d]Zj/, O{Zj/,
Gofosf/L, bofn', ;j{zlQmdfg\ cflb gfd k/d]Zj/sf u'0f–sd{–:jefjaf6 x'G5g\ . h;/L …a|XdÚ
;a}eGbf 7"nf], …k/d]Zj/Ú O{Zj/x¿sf] klg O{Zj/, …O{Zj/Ú ;fdYo{o'Qm, …Gofosf/LÚ slxNo} cGofo ub}{g,
…bofn'Ú ;a}dfly s[kfb[li6 /fVb5, …;j{zlQmdfg\Ú cfˆgf] ;fdYo{af6 g} ;a} hut\sf] pTklQ–l:ylt–
k|no ub{5, ;xfotf s;}sf] ln+b}g, …a|XdfÚ ljljw hut\sf] kbfy{x¿ agfpg]jfnf, …lji0f'Ú ;a}df
Jofks eP/ /Iff ub{5, …dxfb]jÚ ;a} b]jx¿sf] b]j, …?b|Ú k|no u/fpg]jfnf cflb gfdx¿sf] cy{nfO{
cfk"mdf wf/0f ug]{ . cyf{t\ 7"nf sfdaf6 7"n} xf];\, ;dy{x¿df klg ;dy{ xf];\, ;fdYo{nfO{ a9fpFb}
hfcf];\, cwd{ slxNo} gu/f];\, ;a}dfly bof /fvf];\, ;a} k|sf/sf ;fwgx¿nfO{ ;dy{ u/f];\,
lzNkljBfaf6 gfgf k|sf/sf kbfy{x¿nfO{ agfcf];\, ;a} ;+;f/df cfˆgf] cfTdfs} t'No ;'v–b'Mv
;Demf];\, ;a}sf] /Iff u/f];\, ljåfg\x¿df klg ljåfg\ xf];\, b'i6 sd{sf] k|no / b'i6 sd{ ug]{x¿sf
nflu k|oTgn] b08 / ;Hhgx¿sf] /Iff u/f];\ . o; k|sf/ k/d]Zj/sf] gfdx¿sf] cy{ hfg]/
k/d]Zj/sf] u'0f–sd{–:jefjsf] cg's"n cfˆgf] u'0f–sd{–:jefjnfO{ 9fNb} n}hfg' g} k/d]Zj/sf]
gfd:d/0f xf] .
u'? dfxfTDosf] ;dLIff -!!=!*_
k|Zg— u'?a|{Xdf u'?lj{i0f'u{'?b]{jf] dx]Zj/M . u'?/]j k/+ a|Xd t:d} >Lu'/j] gdM ..
—u'?uLtf dfxfTDo k|s/0f Znf]s !( ..
OToflb u'?dfxfTDo t ;fFrf] xf] < u'?sf] r/0f wf]P/ lkpg], h:tf] cf1f ub{5g\ To:t} kfng
ug]{, u'? nf]eL 5 eg] t jfdgsf] ;dfg, qmf]wL 5 eg] t g/l;+xsf] ;b[z, df]xL 5 eg] t /fdsf]
t'No / sfdL 5 eg] t s[i0fs} ;dfg u'?nfO{ hfÌ' . rfx] u'?hLn] s:t} kfk u/] tfklg c>4f gug'{,
;Gt jf u'?sf] bz{gnfO{ hfg]df t kfOnf–kfOnfdf cZjd]wsf] kmn kfOG5, of] s'/f] 7Ls xf] ls
xf]Og <
pQ/— 7Ls xf]Og . a|Xdf, lji0f', dx]Zj/ / k/a|Xd k/d]Zj/sf gfd x'g\ . p;sf] t'No u'?
slxNo} x'g ;Sb}g . of] u'?dfxfTDo u'?uLtf klg Pp6f 7"nf] kf]knLnf xf] . u'? t dftf, lktf, cfrfo{
/ cltly x'G5g\ . pgsf] ;]jf ug'{, pgLx¿af6 ljBf–lzIff lng'–lbg', lzio / u'?sf] sfd xf] . k/Gt'
h'g u'? nf]eL, qmf]wL, df]xL / sfdL x'G5 eg] t To;nfO{ ;j{yf 5f]l8lbg', lzIff ug'{, ;xh lzIffn]
klg gdfg]df t …c£o{kfBÚ cyf{t\ tf8gf b08 k|f0fx/0f;Dd klg ug{df s]xL bf]if 5}g . h'g ljBflb
;b\u'0fx¿df u'?Tj 5}g, e'm6–d'6 s07L, ltns, j]blj?4 dGqf]kb]z ug]{jfnf, Tof] u'?dfq} x}g lsGt'
uf]7fnf] h:tf] xf] . h;/L uf]7fnfn] cfˆgf e]+8f–afv«fb]lv b"w cflbn] k|of]hg l;4 ub{5, To;/L g}
lziox¿sf, r]nf–r]nLx¿sf wg x/0f u/]/ cfˆgf] k|of]hg l;4 ub{5g\ . tL—
bf]xf— u'? nf]eL r]nf nfnrL, bf]gf]+ v]n+] bfj .
ej;fu/ d]+ 8"at], a}7 kTy/ sL gfj ..
u'? ;DemG5 ls r]nf–r]nLn] s]xL g s]xL lbg]5g\ / r]nfn] ;DemG5 ls e'm6f] ;ky / kfkaf6
5'6fOlbG5g\ cflb nfnrdf b'O6} sk6d'lg ej;fu/sf] b'Mvdf 8'Ab5g\, h;/L 9'Ëfsf] 8'Fufdf a:g]x¿
;d'b|df 8'a]/ db{5g\ . o:tf u'? / r]nfx¿sf] d'vdf w'nf]–v/fgL k/f];\ . ltgLx¿sf] ;fydf sf]xL
gnfu"g\ . hf] nfUb5g\ ltgLx¿ b'Mv;fu/df kg]{5g\ . h;/L kf]knLnf k'hf/L–k'/f0fLx¿n] rnfP,
To;/L g} oL uf]7fnfsf u'?x¿n] klg nLnf dRrfPsf 5g\ . of] ;a} sfd :jfyL{x¿sf] xf] . hf]
k/dfyL{x¿ x'G5g\, cfk"mn] b'Mv kfP/ klg hut\sf] pksf/ ug{ 5f]8\b}gg\ . / u'? dfxfTDo tyf
u'?uLtf cflb klg log} nf]eL, s'sdL{ u'?x¿n] agfPsf x'g\ .
cÝfx| k'/f0fx¿sf] ;dLIff -!!=!(_
k|Zg— ci6fbzk'/f0ffgf+ sQf{ ;TojtL;t'M ..!.. —:sGbk'/f0f, /]jfv08 -cWofo !÷Znf]s !#_ ..
Oltxf;k'/f0ffEof+ j]bfy{d'ka[+xo]t\ ..@.. —dxfef/t, cflbkj{ -cWofo !÷Znf]s @^&_ ..
k'/f0fflg lvnflg r ..#.. —dg':d[lt -cWofo #÷Znf]s @#@_ ..
Oltxf;k'/f0fM k~rdf] j]bfgf+ j]bM ..$.. —5fGbf]Uof]klgifb\ -c=&÷v+=!÷k|=$_ ..
bzd]˜xlg ls+lrTk'/f0fdfrIfLt ..%.. —t'ngf–ztky a|fXd0f] -!#÷#÷!÷!#_ ..
k'/f0fljBf j]bM ..^.. —;"qd\ -t'ngf–ztky a|fXd0f] !#÷#÷!÷!#_ ..
 cÝfx| k'/f0fx¿sf stf{ Jof;hL x'g\ . Jof;jrgnfO{ k|df0f cjZo dfÌ'kb{5 ..!.. Oltxf;,
dxfef/t, cÝfx| k'/f0fx¿af6 j]bx¿sf] cy{ k9f];\–k9fcf];\, lsgeg] Oltxf; / k'/f0f j]bx¿s} cy{ /
cg'sn " 5g\ ..@.. lkt[sd{df k'/f0f / …lvnÚ cyf{t\ xl/j+zsf] syf ;'Ì' ..#.. Oltxf; / k'/f0fnfO{
k~rdj]b eGb5g\ ..$.. cZjd]wsf] ;dflKtdf bzf}+ lbg yf]/} dfq klg k'/f0fsf] syf ;'Ì'kb{5 ..%..
k'/f0fljBf j]bfy{nfO{ hgfpg] ePs}n] j]b x'g\ ..^..
OToflb k|df0fx¿af6 k'/f0fx¿sf] k|df0f / logsf k|df0faf6 d"lt{k"hf / tLy{x¿sf] klg k|df0f
x'G5, lsgeg] k'/f0fx¿df d"lt{k"hf / tLy{x¿sf] ljwfg ul/Psf] 5 .
pQ/— olb cÝfx| k'/f0fx¿sf stf{ Jof;hL x'Gy] eg] t, ltgdf Tolt lj£g ukmf}8f x'Gy]gg\ .
lsgeg] zf/L/s;"q, of]uzf:qsf efio cflb Jof;f]Qm u|Gyx¿nfO{ x]gf{n] ljlbt x'G5 ls Jof;hL slt
7"nf ljåfg\, ;Tojflb, wfld{s / of]uL lyP . pgn] o:tf ldYof syf slxNo} klg n]Vg] lyPgg\ . /
o;af6 oxL l;4 x'G5 ls h'g ;Dk|bfoLx¿sf k/:k/ lj/f]wLx¿n] efujtflb gjLg skf]nslNkt u|Gy
agfPsf x'g\, To;df Jof;hLsf u'0fx¿sf] n]zdfq klg lyPg . / j]bzf:qlj?4 c;Tojfb n]Vg
Jof;hL ;b[z ljåfg\x¿sf] sfd klg xf]Og, lsGt' oL sfd lj/f]wL, :jfyL{, cljåfg\ kfd/x¿sf] xf] .
Oltxf; / k'/f0f gfd efujtlzjk'/f0fflbsf] xf]Og, lsGt'—
a|fXd0ffgLltxf;fg\ k'/f0fflg sNkfg\ ufyfgf/fz+;Ll/lt .
—of] a|fXd0fu|Gy / ;'qx¿sf] jrg xf] ..
—t}lQ/Lo cf/0os -@÷(_Ù cfZjnfog u[Xo;"q -#÷#÷!_ ..
P]t/]o, ztky, ;fd / uf]ky a|fXd0f u|Gyx¿s} Oltxf;, k'/f0f, sNk, ufyf / gf/fz+;L oL
kfFr gfd x'g\ . -Oltxf;_ h:t} hgs / of1jNSosf] ;+jfb . -k'/f0f_ hub'TklQ cflbsf] j0f{g
cfVofg . -sNk_ j]b zAbx¿sf ;fdYo{sf] j0f{g, cy{ lg¿k0f ug'{ . -ufyf_ s;}sf] b[i6fGt
bfi6f{Gt¿k syf k|;Ë atfpg' . -gf/fz+;L_ dg'iosf] k|z+;gLo jf ck|z+;gLo sd{x¿sf] syg ug'{ .
log}af6 j]bfy{sf] af]w x'G5 .
…lkt[sd{Ú cyf{t\ 1fgLx¿sf k|;Ëdf s]xL ;'Ì', cZjd]wsf] cGtdf klg log}nfO{ ;'Ì' eg]/
n]lvPsf] 5 . lsgeg] h'g Jof;s[t u|Gyx¿ 5g\, ltgLx¿nfO{ ;'Ì'–;'gfpg' Jof;hLsf] hGdsf]
kZrft\ x'g ;Sb5, k"j{ xf]Og . ha Jof;hLsf] hGd g} ePsf] lyPg tab]lv g} j]bfy{nfO{ k9\g]–
k9fpg] ;'Ì]–;'gfpg] ub{y] . o;}n] ;a}eGbf k|frLg a|fXd0f–u|Gyx¿df g} oL ;a} 36gf x'g ;Sb5g\ .
oL >Ldb\efujt, lzjk'/f0fflb ldYofjfb b"lift u|Gyx¿df 36\g ;Sb}g . ha Jof;hLn] j]b k9] /
k9fP/ j]bfy{ k}mnfP, o;}n] pgsf] gfd …j]bJof;Ú eof] . lsgeg] Jof; eGb5g\ jf/kf/sf] dWo]
/]vfnfO{Ù cyf{t\ CUj]bsf] cf/Deb]lv lnP/ cyj{j]bsf] kf/ ko{Gt rf/} j]b k9]sf lyP / z'sb]j tyf
h}ldlg cflb lziox¿nfO{ k9fPsf klg lyP . gqeg] pgsf] hGdsf] gfd …s[i0få}kfogÚ lyof] . s;}n]
o:tf] eGb5g\ ls æj]bx¿nfO{ Jof;hLn] hDdf u/]Æ of] s'/f] e'm§f xf] . lsgeg] Jof;hLsf lktf,
lktfdx, k|lktfdxÙ k/fz/, zlQm / jlzi7Ù k]ml/ a|Xdf cflbn] klg rf/} j]bx¿ k9\g] ub{y], of] s'/f]
s'g k|sf/n] 36\g ;SYof] <
lzjk'/f0fsf] ;dLIff -!!=@)_
k|Zg— k'/f0fx¿df ;a} s'/f] e'm§f] 5 ls s'g}–s'g} ;fFrf] klg 5 <
pQ/— w]/} s'/fx¿ e'm§f 5g\ / sf]O{ …3'0ffIf/GofoÚ af6 ;fFrf] klg 5 . hlt ;fFrf] 5 Tof]
j]bflb ;To zf:qx¿sf] / hlt e'm6f] 5 Tof] ;a} kf]kx¿sf k'/f0f¿kL 3/sf] xf] . h:t} lzjk'/f0fdf
z}jx¿n] lzjnfO{ k/d]Zj/ dfg]/ lji0f', a|Xdf, OGb|, u0f]z / ;"of{lbnfO{ pgsf bf; 7x¥ofPsf 5g\ .
j}i0fjx¿n] lji0f'k'/f0f cflbdf lji0f'nfO{ k/dfTdf dfg] / lzj cflbnfO{ lji0f'sf bf; . b]jLefujtdf
b]jL k/d]Zj/L / lzj, lji0f' cflbnfO{ pgsf lsÍ/ agfP . …u0f]zv08Ú df u0f]znfO{ O{Zj/ / z]if
;a}nfO{ bf; agfP . hxfF o:tf] s'/f] oL ;Dk|bfoL kf]kx¿sf] geP s;sf] xf] t < Pp6f dg'ion]
agfpFbfdf o:tf] k/:k/ lj?4 s'/f x'Fb}g eg] t, ljåfg\n] agfPsf]df t emg} slxNo} klg x'g ;Sb}g .
logdf Pp6f s'/fnfO{ ;fFrf] dfg]df bf];|f] e'm6f] x'G5 / bf];|f] ;fFrf] dfg]df cGo e'm§f] x'G5 .
lzjk'/f0fjfnfx¿n] lzjaf6, lji0f'k'/f0fjfnfx¿n] lji0f'af6, b]jLk'/f0fjfnfx¿n] b]jLaf6,
u0f]zv08jfnfx¿n] u0f]zaf6, ;"o{k'/f0fjfnfx¿n] ;"o{af6 / jfo'k'/f0fjfnfx¿n] jfo'af6 ;[li6sf]
pTklQ–k|no n]v]/ k'gM Ps–Psn] Ps–Ps h'g hut\sf] sf/0f n]v], To;sf] pTklQ Ps–Psaf6
n]v] . s;}n] ;f]wf];\ ls h'g hut\sf] pTklQ–l:ylt–k|no ug]{jfnf xf], Tof] pTkÌ / hf] pTkÌ x'G5,
Tof] ;[li6sf] sf/0f slxNo} x'g ;Sb5 ls ;Sb}g < ta l;jfo r'k /xgsf] pk/fGt s]xL eÌ ;Sb}gg\ .
/ oL ;a}sf z/L/sf] pTklQ klg ToxL+af6} eof] xf]nf, k]ml/ cfk}m ;[li6–kbfy{ / kl/lR5Ì eP/
;+;f/sf] pTklQsf] stf{ s'g tl/sfn] x'g ;Sb5g\ < / pTklQ klg ljnIf0f–ljnIf0f k|sf/n] dfg]sf
5g\ h'g rflx+ ls ;j{yf c;Dej 5 . h:t}—
…lzjk'/f0fdfÚ lzjn] OR5f u/] ls d}n] ;[li6 u¿F, ta Ps …gf/fo0fÚ hnfzonfO{ pTkÌ u/]/
p;sf] gfleaf6 sdn, sdnaf6 a|Xdf pTkÌ eP . pgn] b]v] ls ;a} hndo 5 . hnsf] c~hln
p7fP/ x]b}{ hnd} k5fl/lbP . To;af6 Ps kms'06f] / kms'06f]af6 Pp6f k'?if aGof] . To;n] a|XdfnfO{
eGof] ls …x] k'q Û ;[li6 u/ .Ú a|Xdfn] p;nfO{ eg] ls æd t]/f] k'q xf]Og lsGt' tF d]/f] k'q xf];\ .Æ
pgLx¿df ljjfb eof] / lbJo;x;|–jif{ko{Gt b'O6} hndf n8\b}/fv] . ta dxfb]jn] ljrf/ u/] ls
h;nfO{ ;[li6 ug{sf] nflu k7fPsf] lyPF, tL b'j} hgf cfk;df nl8/fv]sf 5g\ . ta tL b'j} hgfsf]
dfemaf6 Ps t]hf]do lnË pTkÌ eof] / Tof] zL3| cfsfzdf uof] . To;nfO{ b]v]/ b'j} ;fZro{ eP .
ljrf/] ls o;sf] cflb–cGt yfxf kfpg'k¥of] . h;n] cflb–cGtsf] yfxf zL3| lnP/ cfp5 Tof] lktf /
hf] l9nf] cfpF5 Tof] k'q x'g]5 . lji0f' s"d{sf] :j¿k wf/0f u/]/ tnlt/ nfu] / a|Xdf xfF;sf] :j¿k
wf/0f u/]/ dflylt/ p8] . b'O6} dgf]j]un] rn] . lbJo;x;|jif{ko{Gt b'O6} nfUb} /x] t/ klg To;sf]
cGt kfPgg\ . ta tnaf6 dflylt/ lji0f' / dflyaf6 tnlt/ a|Xdf nfu] . a|Xdfn] ljrf/] ls olb
pgn] cGtsf] ;fFw NofPsf] eP t d k'q aÌ kg]{5 . o:t} s'/f ;f]lr/x]s} lyP ls p;} ;dodf Ps
ufO{ / Ps s]tsLsf] j[If dflylt/af6 pq]/ cfP . ltgLx¿nfO{ a|Xdfn] ;f]w] ls æltdLx¿ sxfFaf6
cfpFb} 5f} <Æ pgLx¿n] eg] æxfdL xhf/ jif{b]lv o; lnËsf] cfwf/b]lv cfO/x]sf 5f}+ .Æ a|Xdfn] ;f]w]
ls æo; lnËsf] yfxf 5 ls 5}g <Æ pgLx¿n] eg] æyfxf 5}gÆ . a|Xdfn] pgLx¿nfO{ eg] ls
æltdLx¿ d]/f] ;fydf lx+8 / o:tf] ;fIfL b]pm ls d}n] o; lnËsf] lz/df b"wsf] wf/f jiff{pFy] / j[Ifn]
eÌ" ls d}n] k"mn jiff{pFy], o;/L ;fIfL lbG5f} eg] d ltdLx¿nfO{ 7]ufgfdf lnP/ hfg]5' .Æ pgLx¿n]
eg] ls æxfdL t o:tf] e'm§f] ;fIfL lb+b}gf}+ .Æ ta a|Xdfn] s'lkt eP/ eg]— æolb ;fIfL lb+b}gf} eg] t
clxn] ev{/} d}n] e:d ul/lbG5' .Æ ta b'O6}n] 8/fP/ eg]— ætkfO{+n] h:tf] eÌ'x'G5, To:t} ;fIfL
lbG5f}+ .Æ ta tLg} hgf tnlt/ nfu] . lji0f' klxnf g} cfO;s]sf lyP, a|Xdf klg cfOk'u] . lji0f';Fu
;f]w] ætkfO{+n] yfxf Nofpg'eof] ls Nofpg'ePg <Æ ta lji0f'n] eg] æd}n] t kfOg .Æ a|Xdfn] eg]
æd}n] t NofPsf] 5' .Æ lji0f'n] ;f]w] æ;fIfL b]vfpm <Æ ta ufO{ / j[Ifn] ;fIfL lbP ls— æxfdL b'j}
lnËsf] lz/df lyof}+ .Æ ta lnËb]lv zAb lgl:sof] / >fk lbof] æh'g sf/0fn] ltdLx¿n] e'm6f] af]Nof},
To;}n] ltd|f] k"mn dnfO{ / cGo b]jtfnfO{ hut\df sxL+ klg r9\g]5}g / hf] s;}n] r9fof] eg] t
To;sf] ;Tofgfz x'g]5 .Æ ufO{nfO{ >fk lbP ls æh'g d'vn] ltdLn] e'm§f] af]Nof}, To;} d'vn] lji7f
vfg]5f} . ltd|f] d'vsf] k"hf s;}n] ug]{5}g, lsGt' k'5f/sf] ug]{5g\ .Æ / lji0f'nfO{ j/ lbP ls h;af6
æltdLn] ;To af]Nof}, To;}n] ltd|f] k"hf ;j{q x'g]5 .Æ / a|XdfnfO{ >fk lbP ls h;af6 æltdLn]
ldYof af]Nof}, To;}n] ltd|f] k"hf ;+;f/df sxL+ klg x'g]5}g .Æ k'gM b'j}n] lnËsf] :t'lt u/] . To;b]lv
k|;Ì eP/ lnËaf6 Pp6f h6fh"6 d"lt{ lgl:sP/ cfof] / eGof] ls æltdLnfO{ d}n] ;[li6 ug{sf] nflu
k7fPsf] lyPF, emu8fdf lsg nflu/fVof} <Æ a|Xdf / lji0f'n] eg] ls æxfdLn] lagf ;fdfu|Lsf] sxfFaf6
;[li6 ug]{ .Æ ta dxfb]jn] cfˆgf] h6faf6 e:dsf] uf]nf lgsfn]/ lb+b} æhfcf], o;}af6 ;a} ;[li6
agfcf]Æ OToflb .
s;}n] oL k'/f0fx¿ agfpg]jfnf kf]kx¿;Fu uP/ ;f]Wg' ls ha ;[li6t¤j / k~rdxfe"t lyPg
eg] t a|Xdf, lji0f', dxfb]jsf] z/L/, hn, sdn, lnË, ufO{, s]tsLsf] j[If / e:d ltd|f afafsf]
3/af6 cfP/ v;] <
To;/L g} …efujtÚ df lji0f'sf] gfleaf6 sdn, sdnaf6 a|Xdf / a|Xdfsf] bflxg] v'§fsf] a'9L
cf}+nf]af6 :jfo+e'j / afofF a'9L cf}+nfaf6 ;To¿kf /fgL, lgwf/af6 ?b| / d/Llr cflb bz k'q,
pgLx¿af6 bIf k|hfklt, pgsL t]x| 5f]/Lx¿sf] ljjfx sZok;Fu, tL dWo]df lbltaf6 b}To, bg'af6
bfgj, clbltaf6 cflbTo, ljgtfaf6 kIfL, sb|"af6 ;k{, ;/dfaf6 s's'/, :ofn cflb / cGo
:qLx¿af6 xfQL, 3f]8f, pFm6, uwf, e}+;L, 3fF;, k"m; / sfF8fbf/ j[If pTkÌ eP .
jfx /] Û efujtnfO{ agfpg]jfnf nfne'hSs8 < ltdLx¿nfO{ o:tf] ldYof s'/fx¿ n]Vgdf
nfh zd{ klg cfPg . hxfF Û :qL–k'?ifsf] /hjLo{af6 dg'io t aGb5g\ g} k/Gt' k/d]Zj/sf]
;[li6qmdsf] lj?4 kIfL, ;k{ slxNo} pTkÌ x'g ;Sb}gg\ . xfQL, pFm6, l;+xx¿ l:yt x'gsf] nflu
cjsfz :qLsf] uef{zodf x'g ;Sb5 < / l;+x cflb pTkÌ eP/ cfˆgf afp–cfdfnfO{ lsg vfPgg\ <
OToflb e'm§f s'/fx¿nfO{ cGwf kf]k / leq–aflx/sf] cfFvf k'm6]sf pgsf r]nfn] ;'G5g\ / dfG5g\ . oL
dg'io x'g\ ls cGo < oL efujtflb k'/f0fx¿nfO{ agfpg]jfnfx¿ hGdb}gg\, ue{df g} gi6 x'G5g\ jf
hGd]/ p;} ;do db{5g\ . lsgeg] oL kf]kx¿b]lv aRy] eg] t cfof{jQ{ b]z b'Mvx¿af6 aRg] lyof] .
k|Zg— oL s'/fx¿df lj/f]w cfpg ;Sb}g . lsgeg] …h;sf] ljjfx p;}sf] uLtÚ . ha lji0f'sf]
:t'lt ug{ nfu], ta lji0f'nfO{ k/d]Zj/ cGox¿nfO{ bf;, ha lzjsf] u'0f ufpg nfu], ta lzjnfO{
k/dfTdf cGox¿nfO{ lsÍ/ agfP . / k/d]Zj/sf] dfofdf ;a} aÌ ;Sb5 . dg'iob]lv kz' cflb /
kz' cflbb]lv dg'ioflbsf] pTklQ k/d]Zj/n] ug{ ;Sb5 . x]/ Û lagf sf/0f cfˆgf] dfofn] ;a} ;[li6
v8f ul/lbPsf] 5 . p;df s'grflx+ s'/f] c3l6t 5 < h] ug{ rfxG5, Tof] ;a} ug{ ;Sb5 .
pQ/— c/] ef]n] Û ljjfxdf h;sf] uLt ufpF5g\, To;nfO{ ;a} eGbf 7"nf] / c¿ ;fgf jf
lgGbf cyjf To;nfO{ ;a}sf] afp t agfpFb}gg\ lg < eg kf]khL Û ltdL ef6 / v'zfdbL rf/0fx¿
eGbf a9Lr9L ukmf8L Xjf} ls xf]Ogf} < ls h;sf] kl5 nfUg]Ù p;}nfO{ ;a} eGbf 7"nf] agfpg] /
hf];Fu lj/f]w ug]{ p;}nfO{ k5f/]/ tn kfg]{ . ltdLnfO{ ;To / wd{b]lv s] k|of]hg, lsGt' ltdLnfO{ t
cfˆgf] :jfy{a6fg{df g} sfd 5 . dfof dg'iodf x'g ;Sb5 . h'g ls 5nL–sk6L x'G5, To;}nfO{
…dfofjLÚ eGb5g\ . k/d]Zj/df 5n–sk6flb bf]if gx'gfn], p;nfO{ dfofjL eÌ ;ls+b}g . h'g cflb
;[li6df sZok / sZoksL :qLx¿af6 kz', kIfL, ;k{, j[Ifflb ePsf x'Gy] eg] t cfhef]ln klg To;/L
g} lsg ;Gtfg x'Fb}gg\ < ;[li6qmd h'g klxnf n]v]/ cfPsf] 5' ToxL 7Ls xf] . / cg'dfg x'G5 ls
kf]khL oxL+af6 wf]sf vfP/ as] xf]nfg\—
t:dft\ sfZoKo OdfM k|hfM .. —t'ngf [ztky a|fXd0f] -&÷$÷!÷%_] ..
ztkya|fXd0fdf of] n]lvPsf] 5 ls of] ;a} ;[li6 …sZokÚ af6 agfOPsf] xf] .
sZokM s:dft\ kZosf] ejtLlt .. —lg?Qm [-c=@÷v+=!_Ù t'ngf– t}=cf=-!÷*_] ..
;[li6stf{ k/d]Zj/sf] gfd …sZokÚ o; sf/0fn] xf] ls …kZosÚ cyf{t \ …kZotLlt kZoM, kZo
Pj kZosMÚ hf] lge|{d eP/ r/fr/ hut\, ;a} hLj / logsf sd{, ;sn ljBfx¿nfO{ oyfjt\ b]Vb5
/ …cfBGtljko{oZrÚ o; dxfefio -#÷!÷@#_ sf] jrg cg';f/ cflbsf] cIf/ cGt / cGtsf] j0f{
cflbdf cfpgfn] …kZosÚ af6 …sZokÚ aÌ uPsf] xf] . o;sf] cy{ ghfg]/ efËsf] nf]xf]6f r9fP/
cfˆgf] hGd ;[li6lj?4 syg ug{df gi6 u/] .
dfs{08]ok'/f0fsf] ;dLIff -!!=@!_
j}i0fjLrqmleÌ:o ?lw/;|fj;Dej}M . ;x;|f] huåØfKt+ tTk|df0f}d{xf;'/}M ..
—dfs{08]ok'/f0f, b'uf{;KtztL -cWofo *÷Znf]s $*_ ..
h;/L …dfs{08]ok'/f0fÚ sf] b'uf{zKtztL kf7df b]jtfx¿sf] z/L/b]lv t]h lgl:sP/ b]jL algg\,
pgn] …dlxiff;'/Ú nfO{ dfl/g\ . …/QmaLhÚ sf] z/L/af6 Ps yf]kf /ut e"lddf kgf{n] p;s} ;b[z
/QmaLhx¿ pTkÌ x'gfn] ;a} hut\df /QmaLh el/g hfg', ?lw/sf] -/utsf]_ gbL aUg' cflb ukmf}8f
y'k|} n]v]sf 5g\ . ha /QmaLhb]lv ;a} hut\ el/g uPsf] lyof] eg] t b]jLsf] l;+x / b]jL sxfF a;]sL
lyOg\ < olb eGb5f} ls b]jLb]lv 6f9f–6f9f /QmaLh lyP / hxfF ;a} hut\ /QmaLhn] el/Psf] lyPg <
/ ;a} hËnL kz', ;d'b|sf df5fx¿, kIfL, j[If cflb sxfF /x]sf lyP < oxfF oxL lgZro hfÌ' ls
b'uf{kf7 agfpg]jfnfsf] 3/df l:yt lyP xf]nfg\ . x]g'{xf];\ Û s:tf] c;Dej syfsf] ukm efËsf] gzfdf
p8fP, h;sf] s'g} 7f}/ g 7]ufgf .
efujtk'/f0fsf] ;dLIff -!!=@@_
h;nfO{ …>Leb\efujtÚ eGb5g\, To;sf] nLnf ;'Ì'xf];\ . a|XdfhLnfO{ gf/fo0fn] rt'MZnf]sL
efujtsf] pkb]z u/]sf 5g\—
1fg+ k/du'Xo+ d] olå1fg;dlGjtd\ . ;/x:o+ tbË~r u[xf0f ulbt+ dof ..
—efujtk'/f0f -:sGw @÷cWofo (÷Znf]s #)_ ..
ha efujtsf] d"n g} e'm6f] 5 t To;sf] j[If e'm6f] lsg x'Fb}g <
x] a|XdfhL Û tkfO{+n] d]/f] k/du'Xo 1fg h'g lj1fg / /x:oo'Qm Pj+ wdf{y{, sfd, df]Ifsf] cË
;fwg xf], To;nfO{ db]lv u|x0f ug'{xf];\ .. ha lj1fgo'Qm 1fg eg] t …k/dÚ cyf{t\ 1fgsf] ljz]if0f
/fVg Joy{ 5 / u'Xo ljz]if0fn] /x:o klg k'g?Qm eof] . ha d"n Znf]s g} cgy{s 5 eg] t u|Gy
cgy{s lsg 5}g < ha efujtsf] d"n g} e'm6f] 5 eg] t To;sf] j[If e'm6f] lsg gxf]nf <
 a|XdfhLnfO{ j/ lbP ls—
ejfg\ sNkljsNk]if' g ljd'Xolt slx{lrt\ ..
—efujtk'/f0f -:sGw @÷cWofo (÷Znf]s #^_..
tkfO{+ …sNkÚ ;[li6 / ljsNk …k|noÚ df df]xnfO{ slxNo} k|fKt x'g'x'Ì, o:tf] n]v]/ k'gM
bzd:sGwdf df]lxt eP/ jT;x/0f u/] . oL b'O6fdf Pp6f s'/f] ;fFrf], csf]{rflx+ e'm6f] . o:tf] eP/
b'O6} s'/f] e'm§f] eof] . ha j}s'07df /fu, å]if, qmf]w, O{iof{, b'Mv 5}g eg] t ;gsflbx¿nfO{ j}s'07sf]
åf/df qmf]w lsg eof] < olb ToxfF qmf]w x'G5 eg] t Tof] :ju{ g} xf]Og . ha ho, ljho, åf/kfn
lyP . :jfdLsf] cf1f kfngL cjZo lyof] . pgLx¿n] ;gsflbx¿nfO{ /f]Sbfdf s] ck/fw eof] <
o;dfly lagf ck/fw >fk nfUg ;Sb}g . ha >fk nfUof] ls ltdLx¿ k[YjLdf em/, o:tf] eÌfn] oxfF
of] l;4 x'G5 ls jxfF k[YjL /x]g5 . cfsfz, jfo', clUg / hn xf]nf . olb o:tf] xf] eg] t åf/,
dlGb/ / hn s;sf] cfwf/df lyof] < k'gM ho, ljhon] ;gsflbx¿sf] :t'lt u/] ls ædxf/fh Û k'gM
xfdL j}s'07df slxn] cfpg]5f} <Æ ;gsflbn] ltgLx¿nfO{ eg] ls æolb k|]dn] gf/fo0fsf] elQm u¥of}
eg] t ;ftf}+ hGddf / lj/f]wn] elQm u¥of} eg] t t];|f] hGddf j}s'07df k|fKt x'g]5f} .Æ oxfF ljrf/
ug'{kb{5 ls, ho, ljho gf/fo0fsf gf]s/ lyP . pgsf] /Iff / ;xfotf ug{ gf/fo0fsf] st{Jo sfd
lyof] . h;n] cfˆgf] gf]s/x¿nfO{ lagf ck/fw b'Mv lbG5 eg], cfˆgf] :jfdLn] ltgLx¿nfO{ b08 lb+b}g
eg] t cfˆgf gf]s/sf] b'b{zf hf] s;}n] klg ug]{5g\ . gf/fo0fnfO{ plrt lyof] ls ho, ljhosf]
;Tsf/ / ;gsflbx¿nfO{ dhf;Fu b08 lbg', lsgeg] pgLx¿n] leq hfgsf] nflu lsg x7 u/] < /
gf]s/x¿Fu lsg n8], lsg >fk lbP < logsf] abnfdf ;gsflbx¿nfO{ k[YjLdf emfl/lbg' gf/fo0fsf]
Gofo x'GYof] . ha oltsf] cGw]/ gf/fo0fsf] 3/df g} 5 eg] t, p;sf] ;]js hf] ls j}i0fj eGb5g\,
ltgsf] hlt b'b{zf x'G5 Tof] yf]/} xf] .
k'gM tL b'O{ …lx/0ofIfÚ / …lx/0oslzk'Ú eP/ pTkÌ eP . ltgL dWo]df lx/0ofIfnfO{ j/fxn]
df/] . To;sf] syf o;/L n]lvPsf] 5 ls To;n] k[YjLnfO{ u'Gb|Ls} ;dfg nk]6]/, lz/fgL agfP/
;'Tof] . lji0f'n] j/fxsf] :j¿k wf/0f u/]/, To;sf] lz/sf] tnaf6 k[YjLnfO{ cfˆgf] bfx|fdf wf/0f u/] .
Tof] p7Øf] / b'O6}sf] eoÍ/ n8fO{+ eof] . j/fxn] lx/0ofIfnfO{ dfl/lbP . oL kf]kx¿;Fu s;}n] ;f]Wg'
ls k[YjL uf]nf] 5 ls u'Gb|Lh:tf] < ta s]xL eÌ ;Sg] 5}gg\ . lsgeg] kf}/fl0fsx¿ e"uf]nljBfsf zq'
x'g\ . enf, ha k[YjLnfO{ a]/]/ lz/fgL agfof] eg] cfk"m s] dfly ;'Tof] < / j/fxhLn] s] dfly v'§f
/fv]/ bf}8+b} cfP < / k]ml/ k[YjLnfO{ t j/fxhLn] d'vdf /fv] k]ml/ b'O6} s] dfly pleP/ n8] < jxfF
st} a:g] 7fpF klg lyPg . lsGt' efujtflb k'/f0f agfpg]jfnf kf]khLsf] 5ftLdfly pleP/ n8]
xf]nfg\ < / k]ml/ Tof] ;dodf kf]khL s] dfly ;'Tof] xf]nf < of] s'/f— …ukmf8Lsf] 3/df uˆkmL cfP,
eg ukmf8LhLÚ ha ldYofjfbLx¿sf 3/df csf{ ukmf8Lx¿ cfpF5g\, k]ml/ ukm dfg{df s]sf] sdL, o;}
k|sf/sf] xf] .
ca /Xof] lx/0oslzk', To;sf] 5f]/f] h'g …k|XnfbÚ lyof], Tof] eQm ePsf] lyof] . p;sf] afpn]
k9\gsf] nflu k7fpFYof] . ta To;n] cWofks;Fu eGYof] æd]/f] kf6Ldf /fd–/fd n]lvb]pm .Æ ha
p;sf] afpn] 5f]/fsf] o:tf] s'/f] ;'Gof], p;n] eGof] ls æt}+n] xfd|f] zq'sf] ehg lsg ub{5;\ .Æ
5f]/fn] dfg]g . To;nfO{ afFw]/ le/af6 v;flnlbof], s'jfdf xflnlbof], k/Gt' 5f]/fnfO{ s]xL klg ePg .
ta afpn] Pp6f kmnfdsf] vfFaf]nfO{ cfuf]df ttfP/ 5f]/fnfO{ eGof] ls olb t]/f] Oi6b]j …/fdÚ ;fFrf]
xf] eg] t t}+n] o; vfFaf]nfO{ ;dfPdf klg hNg]5}g;\ . k|Xnfb ;dfpgsf] nflu lx+8Øf] . dgdf zÍf
p7Øf] hNgaf6 aFR5' ls aFlRbg < gf/fo0fn] To; vfFaf]df ;fgf–;fgf sldnfsf] klª\Qm agfP .
k|XnfbnfO{ lgZro eof], em6\ uP/ vfFaf]nfO{ ;dfOlbof] . vfFaf] kmf6Øf], To;af6 g[l;+x lglSnP .
lx/0oslzk'nfO{ ;dft]/ 5ftLdf gª\u|fn] lr/]/ dfl/lbP . / ta k|XnfbnfO{ rf6\g yfn] . k|XnfbnfO{
eg] æj/ dfu .Æ p;n] lktfsf] ;b\ult x'gsf] nflu j/ dfUof] . g[l;+xn] j/ lbP æt]/f PSsfO{; k':tf
;b\ultnfO{ k|fKt ePÆ . x]g'{xf];\ Û of] klg bf];|f] ukmf8Lsf] efO emg ukmf8L . s'g} efujt jfFrg] jf
;'Ì]x¿nfO{ ;dft]/ dflyaf6 v;fn]df t s;}n] arfpg ;Sb}g, lsGt' rSgfr"/ eP/ dg]{5g\ .
k|XnfbnfO{ p;sf] afpn] k9\gsf] nflu k7fpFYof] s] g/fd|f] sfd u/]sf] lyof] < / Tof] k|Xnfb d"v{
k9\g 5f]8]/ j}/fuL x'g rfxGYof] . hxfF cfuf] aln/x]sf] vfFaf]df sldnf / k|Xnfb hn]gg\, o; s'/fnfO{
h;n] ;fFrf] dfGb5 To;nfO{ klg tftf] vfFaf]sf] ;fydf nufOlbg'kb{5 . olb of] kf]lnPg eg] t hfÌ'
ls k|Xnfb klg kf]lnPg xf]nf . / g[l;+x klg lsg kf]lnPg < k|yd t];|f] hGddf j}s'07df cfpg] j/
;gsflb d'lgx¿sf] lyof] . s] To;nfO{ ltd|f] gf/fo0fn] e'Nof] < efujtsf] /Llt cg';f/ a|Xdf,
k|hfklt, sZok, lx/0ofIf / lx/0oslzk' rf}yf] k':tfdf cfpF5g\ . PSsfO{; k':tf k|Xnfbsf] x'Fb} ePg,
k'gM æPSsfO{; k':tfn] ;b\ult kfPÆ eÌ' slt k|dfbsf] s'/f xf] Û / k]ml/ ltg} lx/0ofIf–lx/0oslzk',
/fj0f–s'Des0f{, k'gM lzz'kfn–bGtjSq ag]/ pTkÌ eP eg] t g[l;+xsf] j/rflx+ sxfF p8]/ uof] <
o:tf k|dfbsf s'/fx¿ k|dfbLn] ub{5g\, ;'gfpF5g\ / dfGb5g\, ljåfg\n] xf]Og .
/ cq"m/hL— /y]g jfo'j]u]g . —efujtk'/f0f -:s+=!)÷#(÷#*_ ..
plifTjf /ydf:yfo k|oof} gGbuf]s'nd\ .. —efujtk'/f0f -:s+=!)÷#*÷!_ ..
/y]g uf]s'n+ k|fKtM ;"o{Zrf:tlul/+ g[k .. —efujtk'/f0f -:s+=!)÷#*÷@$_ ..
cq"m/hL s+;n] k7fpgfn] jfo'sf] ;dfg bf}8g] 3f]8fsf] /ydf a;]/ ;"of]{bodf lx+8] / rf/
dLndfq 6f9f /x]sf] uf]s'ndf ;"of{:tsf] ;dodf k'u] . ;fob 3f]8fn] efujt agfpg]jfnfsf] kl/qmdf
ul//fv] xf]nfg\ < jf dfu{ e'n]/ efujt agfpg]jfnfsf] 3/df 3f]8f, ;f/ly / cq"m/hL ;'t] xf]nfg <
k"tgfsf] z/L/ 5M sf]; rf}8f / w]/} nfdf] n]lvPsf] 5 . dy'/f / uf]s'nsf] aLrdf To;nfO{
df/]/ >Ls[i0fn] ;'tfOlbP . olb o:t} xf] eg] t dy'/f / uf]s'n b'O6} blaP/ o; kf]khLsf] 3/ klg
blag k'Uof] xf]nf .
…chfldnÚ sf] syf slt p6\k6Øfª\;Fu n]lvPsf] 5— afpnfO{ gf/bn] eg]kl5 cfˆgf] 5f]/fsf]
gfd …gf/fo0fÚ /fv]sf] lyof] . dg]{ j]nfdf cfˆgf] 5f]/fsf] gfd lnP/ k'sf¥of] . aLrdf gf/fo0f bf}l8P .
s] gf/fo0fn] p;sf] cGtMs/0fsf] efjnfO{ hfGb}gy] ls cfˆgf] 5f]/fnfO{ k'sf/]sf] xf], dnfO{ xf]Og .
olb gfd ;fFRr}sf] dfxfTDo xf] eg] t cfhef]ln klg gf/fo0fsf] :d/0f ug]{x¿sf b'Mv 5'6fpgsf]
nflu lsg cfpFb}gg\ < olb of] s'/f] ;fFRr} xf] eg] t sf/fuf/sf s}bLx¿ gf/fo0f–gf/fo0f u/]/ lsg
5'6\b}gg\ <
o;/L g} Hof]ltifzf:q;Fu lj?4 ;'d]?sf] kl/df0f n]lvPsf] 5 . lk|oj|tsf] /ysf] rqmsf]
nLsaf6 ;d'b| aGof] . pgGkrf; sf]l6 of]hg k[YjL 5, OToflb ldYof s'/fx¿sf] efujtdf s]xL
kf/fjf/ 5}g .
efujt j]bJof;sf] /rgf xf]Og eÌ] s'/f k|i6;Fu a'‰g ;lsG5, x]g'{xf];\ logsf] cfk;sf]
emu8fsf] syf—
eujTof sflnsfof:t' dxfTDo+ oq j0o{t], gfgfb}Tojwf]k]t+ tå} efujt+ ljb'M .
snf} lsl~rb\b'/fTdfgf] w"tf{ j}i0fjdflggM, cGob\efujt+ gfd sNkloiolGt dfgjfM ..
—:sGbk'/f0f ..
cyf{t\ h'g u|Gydf eujtL sfnLsf] dfxfTDosf] j0f{g 5 tyf pgLåf/f dfl/Psf gfgf
b}Tox¿sf] pNn]v ul/Psf] 5, To;}nfO{ g} efujt eg]/ hfÌ'kb{5 . slno'udf s'g} w"t{ tyf b'/fTdf
j}i0fjx¿n] cs}{ u|GynfO{ agfP/ To;nfO{ efujtsf] gfdn] k|l;4 ul/lbPsf 5g\ .. of] :sGb k'/f0fsf]
Znf]sn] j}i0fjx¿ tyf zfQmx¿df ljBdfg å]ifsf] s'/fnfO{ g} l;4 ub{5 .
k]ml/ efujtdf Jof;k'q z'sb]jn] efujtsf] syf /fhf k/LlIft\nfO{ ;ft lbg;Dd ;'gfPsf
lyP eg]/ atfOPsf] 5, of] s'/f] k"0f{¿kn] e'm6f] ;fljt x'G5, n x]g'{xf];\ dxfef/tdf s] n]v]sf] 5—
cGtlx{t+ k|efj+ t' bz{loTjf z's:tbf . u'0ffg\ ;+ToHo zAbfbLg\ kbdEoudt\ k/d\ ..
—dxfef/t zflGtkj{, [df]Ifwd{ kj{ -cWofo ###÷Znf]s @^—@&_] ..
z'sb]jn] dxfef/tsf] o'4 eGbf k"j{ g} df]IfnfO{ k|fKt ul/;s]sf] s'/f o; cWofo ### sf]
k|;+udf ;Gbe{;lxt cWofon] atfO/x]sf] 5 . To;}sf] c+z of] Znf]s xf] . hxfF ls k/LlIft\sf] hGd
x'Fbf z'sb]jsf] b]xj;fg e};s]sf] lyof] . s'g tl/sfn] k/LlIftn] z'sb]jaf6 efujtsf] syf ;'g] cfk}m
a'‰g'xf];\ . syfsf] k|;+u ;f]Wg]jfnf k/LlIft\k'q /fhf hgd]ho / z'sb]jsf] ;dosf] cGt/ yf]/}df klg
&)–*) jif{sf] b]lvG5 . To; sf/0f of] efujt k"0f{¿kn] e'm§f 7xl/G5 .
/ of] efujt …af]ab]jÚ n] agfPsf] xf], h;sf] bfO …hob]jÚ n] …uLtuf]ljGbÚ agfPsf] lyof] .
af]ab]j b]jlul/sf /fhf lxdflb|sf] ;ef;b\ lyof] . o;sf] hGd t]x|f}+ ztfAbLdf ePsf] lyof] . p;n]
x]g'{xf];\ of] Znf]s cfk"mn] agfPsf] s'/f …lxdflb|Ú df n]v]sf] 5 ls …>Ldb\efujtÚ d}n] agfPsf] x'F, To;
n]vsf] tLg kq xfdL;Fu lyof] . To; dWo]df Ps kq x/fPsf] 5 . To; kqdf Znf]sx¿sf] h'g cfzo
lyof] To; cfzosf] xfdLn] b'O{ Znf]s agfP/ tn n]v]sf 5f}+ . hf] s;}nfO{ x]g]{ OR5f 5 eg] , Tof]
lxdfb|L u|Gydf x]g'{xf]nf . Znf]s—
 lxdfb|]M ;lrj:ofy]{ ;"rgf lqmot]˜w'gf . :sGwf˜Wofosyfgf+ r oTk|df0f+ ;df;t ..!..
>Ldb\efujt+ gfd k'/f0f+ r do]l/td\ . ljb'iff af]ab]j]g >Ls[i0f:o ozf]lGjtd\ ..@..
o;} k|sf/sf] gi6kqdf Znf]s lyP . cyf{t\ /fhfsf] ;lrj lxdflb|n] af]ab]j kl08t;Fu eg] ls
ædnfO{ ltdLn] agfPsf] >Ldbefujtsf] ;Dk"0f{ syf ;'Ìsf] nflu cjsfz 5}g, To;}n] ltdLn]
;+If]kdf Znf]sa4 ;"rLkq agfpg", h;nfO{ x]/]/ d}n] >Ldb\efujtsf] syf ;+If]kn] hfÌ ;s"F .Æ ;f]
tn n]lvPsf] ;"rLkq p;} af]ab]jn] agfPsf] xf] . To; dWo]df To; gi6kqdf !) Znf]s x/fPsf
5g\, ca P3f/f}+ Znf]saf6 n]Vb5' . oL tn n]lvPsf Znf]s hlt ;a} af]ab]jn] agfPsf] xf] . tL
Znf]xs¿—
af]woGtLlt lx k|fx'M >Ldb\efujt+ k'gM . k~r k|ZgfM zf}gs:o ;"t:ofqf]Q/+ lqif' ..!!..
k|Zgfjtf/of]Zr}j Jof;:o lgj[{ltM s[tft\ . gf/b:ofq x]t"lQmM k|tLToy{+ :jhGd r ..!@..
;'Kt£g b|f}0oleej:tb:qfTkf08jf jgd\ . eLid:o :jkbk|flKtM s[i0f:o åf/sfudM ..!#..
>f]t'M k/LlIftf] hGd w[t/fi6«:o lgu{dM . s[i0fdTo{Tofu;"rf ttM kfy{dxfkyM ..!$..
OToi6fbzleM kfb}/Wofofy{M qmdft\ :d[tM . :jk/k|ltaGwf]g+ :kmLt+ /fHo+ hxf} g[kM ..!%..
Olt j} /f1f] bf9Øf]{Qmf} k|f]Qmf b|f}l0fhofboM .
Olt k|ydM :sGwM ..!..
OToflb afx| :sGwx¿sf ;"rLkq o;} k|sf/n] af]ab]j kl08tn] agfP/ lxdflb| ;lrjnfO{ lbP .
h;n] o;nfO{ lj:tf/;Fu x]g{ rfxG5, Tof] af]ab]jn] agfPsf] lxdflb| u|Gydf x]g'{xf]nf . o;} k|sf/ cGo
k'/f0fx¿sf] nLnf klg pÌfO{;–aL;–PSsfO{; s} xf/fxfl/df Ps–bf];|fb]lv a9]/} 5g\ .
x]/ Û >Ls[i0fsf] Oltxf; dxfef/tdf cTo'Qd 5 . pgsf] u'0f, sd{, :jefj, rl/q cfKt
k'?ifx¿sf] ;b[z 5 . h;df s'g} cwd{sf] cfr/0f >Ls[i0fn] hGd]b]lv d/0fko{Gt g/fd|f] sfd u/]sf
eP, o:tf] n]lvPsf] 5}g . / efujtdf b"w, bxL, gf}gLsf] rf]/L, s'Ahfbf;L;Fu ;dfud, k/:qLx¿;Fu
/f;d08n, qmL8f cflb ldYof bf]if >Ls[i0fdf nufPsf 5g\ . o;nfO{ k9]/–k9fP/ ;'g]/–;'gfP/ cGo
dtjfnfx¿n] >Ls[i0fhLsf] w]/} lgGbf ub{5g\ . olb of] efujt x'Gy]g eg] t >Ls[i0fhLsf] ;b[z
dxfTdfx¿sf] e'm6f] lgGbf lsg x'GYof] <
lzjk'/f0fdf afx| Hof]ltln{Ë n]lvPsf 5g\ . To;sf] syf ;j{yf c;Dej 5 . gfd /flvPsf] 5
Hof]ltln{Ë / h;df k|sfzsf] n]zdfq klg 5}g . /flqdf lagf bLk hnfP lnË klg cFw]/f] df b]lv+b}g,
of] ;a} nLnf kf]khLs} x'g\ .
k|Zg— ha j]b k9\gdf ;fdYo{ /x]g ta :d[lt, ha :d[ltnfO{ k9\gdf a'l4 /x]g ta zf:q,
ha zf:q k9\gnfO{ Ifdtf /x]g ta k'/f0f agfP, s]jn :qL–z"b|x¿sf nflu, lsgeg] logLx¿nfO{ j]b
k9\g–;'Ìsf] clwsf/ 5}g .
pQ/— of] s'/f] ldYof xf] . lsgeg] ;fdYo{ k9\g]–k9fpg] ugf{n] g} x'G5 / j]b k9\g–;'Ìsf]
clwsf/ ;a}nfO{ 5 . x]/ Û ufuL{, cflb :qLx¿ / 5fGbf]Uo -k|kf7s $÷v08 @÷k|jfs @_ df hg>'lt
z"b|n] klg j]b …/}Sjd'lgÚ ;Fu k9]sf] lyof] . / oh'j]{bsf] @^ 5AaL;f}+ cWofosf] bf];|f] dGqdf :ki6;Fu
n]lvPsf] 5 ls—
ywe/ma vaC<a? kLya/[Ima/vda?in/ jne?_y> ,

ä/ü/ra/j/Nya/_ya‡ zUÔay/ cayRa?y c/ Svay/ car?[ay c .

x] dg'iox¿ xf] Û d O{Zj/ -oyf_ h;/L -a|Xd/fhGofEofd\_ a|fXd0f, Iflqo -cof{o_ j}Zo
-z"b|fo_ z"b| -r_ / -:jfo_ cfˆgf :qL, ;]js cflb -r_ / -c/0ffo_ pQd nIf0fo'Qm k|fKt ePsf
cGTohsf nflu -r_ klg -hg]EoM_ oL pQm ;a} dg'iosf] nflu -Ox_ o; ;+;f/df -Odfd\_ o; k|s6
ePsf] -sNof0fLd\_ ;'v lbg] -jfrd\_ rf/} j]b¿k jf0fLnfO{ pkb]z ub{5', To;/L g} ltdLx¿n] klg
/fd|f];Fu pkb]z u/ .
cy{— h'g k|sf/ sNof0f ug]{jfnf o; lbJo j]bjf0fLnfO{ xfdL -dGqb|i6f Clif_ a|fXd0f, Iflqo,
j}Zo, z"b|, lk|o, clk|o hgx¿ Pj+ ;Dk"0f{ hgx¿sf] nflu pkb]z u/]sf] 5, p;} k|sf/ x] dg'i ox¿
xf] Û ltdLx¿n] klg pkb]z u/ .
j]bx¿sf] k9\g] ;'Ì] clwsf/ dg'iodfqnfO{ 5 . h'g dfly :ki6;Fu atfof] .
 o:tf] s'/fnfO{ ga'lemsg k'gM To:tf–To:tf k'/f0flb ldYofu|Gy agfP/, dfG5]x¿nfO{
;Tou|Gyaf6 ljd'v /fv]/, hfndf km;fP/, cfˆgf] k|of]hgnfO{ kmQ] ub{5g\, ltgLx¿ dxfkfkL lsg
xf]Ogg\ <
x]g'{xf];\ Û u|xx¿sf rqm s:tf] rnfPsf 5g\ ls h;n] ljBfxLg dg'iox¿nfO{ c;fWo} u|l;t
u/]sf] 5 .
…Aa k&/:[en/ rj?sa/0Ú .1. of] ;"o{sf] dGq . —oh'j]{bM -##÷$#_ ..
…#/m< de?va=Asp/Tn‡ su?vXvm!0Ú .2. of] rGb|sf] dGq . —oh'j]{bM -(÷$)_ ..
…A/iGnmRU/ÏaR id/v> k/kuTpit?>0Ú .3. of] dËnsf] dGq . —oh'j]{bM -#÷!@_ ..
…%d!bu?XySvaGne0/ Ú .4. of] a'wsf] dGq . —oh'j]{bM -!%÷%$_ ..
…b&h?Spte/ Ait/yd/yaeR0Ú .5. of] a[x:kltsf] dGq . —oh'j]{bM -@^÷#_ ..
…zu/³mNx?s/>0Ú .6. of] z'qmsf] dGq . —oh'j]{bM -!(÷&@_ ..
…zÚae? de/vIr/i-:q?y0Ú .7. of] zlgsf] dGq . —oh'j]{bM -#^÷!@_ ..
…kya? niZ/c/Ç Aa -?uv0Ú .8. of] /fx'sf] dGq . —oh'j]{bM -@&÷#(_ ..
…ke/tu< k&/{vÚ?ke/tve/0Ú .9. o;nfO{ s]t'sf] sl08sf eGb5g\ . —oh'j]{bM -@(÷#&_ ..
-cf s[i0f]=_ of] ;"o{ / e"ldsf] cfsif{0f ..!.. bf];|f]– /fhu'0f ljwfos ..@.. t];|f]– clUg ..#.. rf}yf]–
ohdfg ..$.. kfFrf}+– ljåfg\ ..%.. 5}6f}+– jLo{, cÌ ..^.. ;ftf}–+ hn, k|f0f / k/d]Zj/ ..&.. cf7f}+–
ldq ..*.. gjf}+– 1fg u|x0fsf ljwfos dGq x'g\ ..(.. u|xx¿sf jfrs xf]Ogg\ . cy{ ghfg]/ e|dhfndf
k/]sf 5g\ .
;"of{lb gju|xk"hfsf] ;dLIff -!!=@#_
k|Zg— u|xx¿sf] kmn x'G5 ls x'Fb}g <
pQ/— h:tf] kf]knLnfsf] 5, To:tf] x'Fb}g . lsGt' h;/L ;"o{–rGb|dfsf] ls/0fåf/f pi0ftf–
zLttf cyjf Ct'jTsfnrqmsf] ;DaGwdfqn] cfˆgf] k|s[ltsf] cg's"n–k|lts"n ;'v–b'Mvsf] lgldQ
x'G5g\ . k/Gt' h'g kf]knLnfjfnfx¿n] eGb5g\ æ;'g dxf/fh Û ;]7hL Û ohdfgx¿ Û ltd|f cfh cf7f}+
rGb|–;"of{lb u|x q"m/ 3/df cfPsf 5g\ . ;f9] b'O{ jif{ zlgZr/sf] bzf z'¿ ePsf] 5 . ltdLnfO{ 7"nf]
lj£g kg]{5 . 3/–åf/ 5f]8]/ k/b]zdf 3'dfpg]5 . k/Gt' olb ltdLn] u|xx¿sf] bfg, hk, kf7, k"hf
u/fof} eg] t b'Mvaf6 aRg ;Sg]5f} .Æ ltgLx¿nfO{ eÌ'kb{5 ls æ;'g kf]khLx¿ xf] Û ltd|f] /
u|xx¿sf] s] ;DaGw 5 < u|x s] j:t' xf] .Æ
kf]khL— b}jfwLg+ huT;j{+ dGqfwLgfZr b]jtfM .
t] dGqf a|fXd0ffwLgf:t:dfb\ a|fXd0fb}jtd\ ..
x]/ Û k|df0f s:tf] 5 . b]jtfx¿sf] cfwLgdf ;a} hut\, dGqx¿sf] cfwLgdf ;a} b]jtf / tL
dGqx¿ ;a} a|fXd0fsf cfwLgdf 5g\, To;}n] a|fXd0fnfO{ …b]jtfÚ eGb5g\ . lsgeg] rfx]df p;
b]jtfnfO{ dGqsf] ann] af]nfP/, k|;Ì u/]/, l;l4 u/fpgsf] nflu xfd|f] g} clwsf/ 5, olb xfdLdf
dGqzlQm x'Fb}gYof] eg] t ltdLx¿ h:tf gfl:tsn] xfdLx¿nfO{ ;+;f/df /xg lbg] lyPgf} .
;TojfbL— hlt rf]/, 8fFs", s'sdL{x¿ 5g\, ltgLx¿ klg ltd|f b]jtfs} cfwLgdf xf]nfg\ <
b]jtfn] g} pgLx¿af6 b'i6 sfd u/fpF5g\ xf]nf < olb o:t} xf] eg] t ltd|f b]jtf / /fIf;df s]xL
e]b /x]g . olb ltd|f cfwLgdf dGq 5g\ eg], ltdLn] h] rfxG5f} ToxL ug{ ;Sb5f}, tL dGqaf6
b]jtfx¿nfO{ jzdf u/]/ /fhf / /fHosf] sf]if p7fP/ nu]/, cfˆgf] 3/sf] e08f/df e/]/, cfgGbn]
a;]/ lsg ef]Ub}gf} < 3/–3/df zlgZr/flbsf] t}n cflbsf] 5fofbfg lngsf] nflu dl/xQ] u/]/ lsg
lkmb{5f} < / h;nfO{ ltdLn] s'a]/ dfGb5f} p;nfO{ jzdf u/]/ rfx] hlt wg lng] u/ . larf/f
u/Lax¿nfO{ lsg n'6\b5f} <
ltdLnfO{ bfg lbgfn] u|x k|;Ì, glbgfn] ck|;Ì x'G5g\ eg] t, xfdLnfO{ ;"of{lb u|xx¿sf
k|;Ìtf–ck|;Ìtf k|ToIf b]vfpm . h;nfO{ cf7f}+ ;"o{ rGb| / csf{sf] t];|f] 5 eg], tL b'O6}nfO{
Ho]i7sf] dlxgfdf lagf h'Qf nufP/ tft]sf] e"lddf lx+8\g nufpg" . h;dfly k|;Ì 5g\ To;sf] v'§f
/ z/L/ hNb}g clg h;dfly qmf]lwt 5g\ p;sf] hNg'kb{5 . tyf kf}if–df3sf] dlxgfdf b'O6}nfO{ gfËf]
kf/]/ kf}0f{df;Lsf] /flqe/ d}bfgdf /fVg" . Pp6fnfO{ zLt nfUof] csf]{nfO{ nfu]g eg] t hfÌ' ls u|x
q"m/ / ;f}Do b[li6jfnf x'G5g\ . k]ml/, s] u|x ltd|f ;DaGwL x'g\ < / ltd|f] x'nfs jf tf/ pgLx¿;Fu
cfpg]–hfg] ub{5 < cyjf ltdL pgLx¿sxfF jf pgLx¿ ltdLsxfF cfpg]–hfg] ub{5g\ <
olb ltdLdf dGqzlQm 5 eg] t ltdL :jo+ /fhf jf wgf9Ø lsg aGb}gf} < jf zq'x¿nfO{
lsg cfˆgf] jzdf ub}{gf} < gfl:ts Tof] x'G5, h;n] j]b / O{Zj/sf] cf1f, j]blj?4 kf]knLnf
rnfpF5 . h;nfO{ u|x nfu]sf] 5 To;n] ltdLnfO{ bfg gb]cf];\, p;}n] u|xbfg ef]u]df t s] lrGtf
x'G5 < olb ltdLn] egf}nf ls x'Fb}g, xfdLnfO{ g} bfg lbgfn] u|x k|;Ì x'G5g\, cGonfO{ lbgfn] xf]Og,
To;f] eP ;a} u|xx¿sf] 7]Ssf ltdLn] lnPsf 5f} t < olb 7]Ss} lnPsf 5f} eg] t ;'of{lbnfO{ cfˆgf]
3/df af]nfP/ hn]/ d/ .
;fFrf] t of] xf] ls ;"of{lb nf]sx¿ h8 x'g\ . ltgn] g s;}nfO{ b'Mv g s;}nfO{ ;'v lbgsf]
nflu r]i6f ug{ ;Sb5g\ lsGt' hlt ltdL u|xbfgf]khLlj 5f}, tL ;a} ltdL u|xsf d"lt{x¿ xf}, lsgeg]
…u|xÚ zAbsf] cy{ klg ltdLdf g} 3l6t x'G5 . o] …u[ lGt t] u|xfMÚ h;n] u|x0f ub{5, To;sf] gfd
…u|xÚ xf] . ha;Dd ltd|f r/0f /fhf, /O{;, ;]7, ;fx"sf/ / bl/b|x¿sf 3/df k'Ub}gg\, ta;Dd s;}nfO{
u|xsf] :d/0f klg x'Fb}g . ha ltdL ;fIfft\ ;"o{–zg}Zr/flb d"lt{dfg\ q"m/ ¿k wf/0f u/]/ pgLdfly
uP/ r9\b5f}, ta lagf u|x0f gu/L pgLx¿nfO{ 5f]8\b}gf} / hf] sf]xL ltd|f u|f;df cfpFb}g, To;sf]
lgGbf gfl:tsflb zAbaf6 ug]{ ub{5f} .
kf]khL— x]/ Û Hof]ltifsf] k|ToIf kmn . cfsfzdf /xg]jfnf ;"o{, rGb|, /fx', s]t'sf] ;+of]u¿k
…u|x0fÚ nfO{ xfdLn] klxn] g} atfpg] ub{5f}+ . h;/L of] k|ToIf x'G5, To;/L g} u|xx¿sf] kmn klg
k|ToIf x'g hfG5 . x]/ Û wgf9Ø, bl/b|, /Í, ;'vL, b'MvL u|xx¿af6 g} x'g] ub{5g\ .
;TojfbL— h'g of] u|x0f¿k k|ToIf kmn xf] Tof] ul0ftljBfsf] xf], kmlntsf] xf]Og . h'g
ul0ftljBf xf] Tof] ;fFrf] xf] / kmlntljBf :jfefljs ;DaGwhGonfO{ 5f]8]/ afFsL e'm6f] xf] . h;/L
cg'nf]d–k|ltnf]d 3'Dg]jfnf k[YjL / rGb|sf] ul0ftaf6 :ki6 ljlbt x'G5 ls cd's ;dodf, cd's
b]zdf, cd's cjojdf ;"o{sf] jf rGb|dfsf] u|x0f x'g]5 . h:t}—
5fboTos{ldGb'lj{w+' e"ldefM . —u|xnf3j rGb|u|x0flwsf/ -$÷$_ ..
of] [u|xnf3j <] sf] jrg / o;} k|sf/ …;"o{l;4fGtflbÚ df klg 5 . cyf{t\ ha ;"o{ / e"ldsf]
dWodf rGb|df cfpF5 ta …;"o{u|x0fÚ / ha ;"o{ / rGb|dfsf] aLrdf e"ld cfpF5 ta …rGb|u|x0fÚ x'g]
ub{5 . cyf{t\ rGb|sf] 5fofF k[YjLdf / k[YjLsf] 5fofF rGb|dfdf kb{5 . ;"o{ k|sfz¿k x'gfn] p;sf]
;Dd'v 5fofF s;}sf] kb}{g lsGt' h;/L k|sfzdfg ;"o{ jf bLkn] b]xflbsf] pN6f] 5fofF kb{5, To:t}
u|x0fdf klg ;Demg' .
hlt wgf9Ø, bl/b|, /fhf, /Í x'G5g\, tL ;a} cfˆgf] sd{n] x'g] ub{5g\, u|xx¿n] xf]Og . y'k|}
Hof]ltifLx¿n] cfˆgf] 5f]/f5f]/Lsf] ljjfx u|xx¿sf] ul0ftsf] cg';f/n] ub{5g\, k'gM pgLx¿df lj/f]w
jf ljwjf cyjf d[t:qL k'?if x'g hfG5g\ . olb kmn ;fFrf] x'GYof] eg] t o:tf] lsg x'GYof] < To;}n]
sd{sf] ult ;fFrf] / u|xx¿sf] ult ;'v–b'Mv ef]udf sf/0f xf]Og . enf, u|x cfsfzdf / k[YjL klg
cfsfzdf w]/} 6f9fsf] b"l/df 5, logsf] ;DaGw stf{ / sd{x¿sf] ;fy ;fIfft\ 5}g . sd{ / sd{sf
kmnsf] stf{–ef]Qmf hLj, / sd{sf] kmnfO{ ef]ufpg]jfnf k/dfTdf xf] . olb ltdLn] u|xx¿sf] kmnnfO{
dfGb5f} eg] t o;sf] pQ/ b]pm ls h'g If0fdf Ps dg'iosf] hGd x'G5 h;nfO{ ltdLn] …w|'jfq'l6
dfg]/ hGdkq agfpF5f}, To;} ;dodf k[YjLdf bf];|f]sf] hGd x'G5 ls x'Fb}g < olb eGb5f} ls x'Fb}g ta
e'm6 / olb eGb5f} ls x'G5 ta t Ps rqmjtL{sf] ;b[z e"uf]ndf bf];|f] rqmjtL{ /fhf lsg x'Fb}g <
xf], olt eÌ ;Sb5f} ls of] nLnf xfd|f] k]6 eg{sf] nflu xf] ta s;}n] dfÌ klg ;Snfg\ .
u?8k'/f0fsf] ;dLIff -!!=@$_
k|Zg— s] u?8k'/f0f klg e'm6f] xf] t <
pQ/— xf], c;To xf] .
k|Zg— k]ml/ d/]sf hLjsf] s] ult x'G5 <
pQ/— h:tf p;sf sd{ 5g\ .
k|Zg— hf] od/fh /fhf, lrqu'Kt dGqL, p;sf a8f eoÍ/ u0f sf]Onfsf] kj{ts} t'No z/L/
ePsfn] hLjnfO{ ;dft]/ n}hfG5g\ . kfk–k'0osf] cg';f/ g/s–:ju{df xfNb5g\ . To;sf] nflu bfg,
k'0o, >f4, tk{0f, uf]bfgflb j}t/0fL gbL tg{sf] nflu ub{5g\ . oL ;a} s'/f s;/L e'm§f] x'g ;Sb5g\
t<
pQ/— oL ;a} s'/fx¿ kf]knLnfsf] ukmf}8f xf] . olb cGoqsf hLj ToxfF hfG5g\, ltgLx¿sf
wd{/fh, lrqu'Kt cflbn] Gofo ub{5g\ eg] t, tL odnf]ssf hLjn] kfk u/]df t bf];|f] odnf]s x'g]
dfÌ'kb{5 ls ToxfFsf GofofwLzn] logLx¿sf] Gofo u/f];\ / kj{ts} ;dfg odu0fx¿sf] z/L/ x'G5
eg] t lsg b]lv+b}gg\ < / dg]{jfnf hLjnfO{ lngsf] nflu ;fgf] åf/df ltgLx¿sf] Pp6f cf}+nf] klg
k:g ;Sb}g / ;8s–uNnLdf lsg /f]ls+b}gg\ . olb eGb5f} ls pgLx¿n] ;"Id b]x klg wf/0f ug{
;Sb5g\ eg] t, k|yd kj{tjt\ z/L/sf 7"nf–7"nf xf8 kf]khL lagf cfˆgf] 3/sf] sxfF /fVg]5g\ < ha
jgdf 88]nf] nfUb5, ta ;fgf–;fgf sldnflb hLjx¿sf] z/L/ 5'6\b5 . ltgLx¿nfO{ ;dfTgsf] nflu
c;+Vo odsf u0f cfpF5g\ eg] t, ToxfF cGwsf/ x'g'kg]{ xf], / ha cfk;df hLjx¿nfO{ ;dfTgsf]
nflu bf}8g]5g\, ta pgsf z/L/ 7f]lSsP/ h;/L kxf8sf a8f–a8f r§fg k'm6]/ e'OFdf v:b5g\,
To;/L g} odu0fsf a8f–a8f cjoj u?8k'/f0fnfO{ jfFrg ug]{jfnfsf] cfFugdf v;] eg] t ba]/
dg]{5g\, jf 3/sf] 9f]sf y'lgof] cyjf ;8s /f]lsof] eg] t s;/L lgSn]/ lx+8\;Sg]5g\ < >f4, tk{0f,
lk08k|bfg tL d/]sf hLjx¿nfO{ t k'Ug ;Sb}g, lsGt' d[ts¿sf k|ltlglw kf]khLsf] 3/, pb/ /
xftdf k'UghfG5 . h'g j}t/0fLsf] nflu uf]bfg lnG5g\, Tof] t kf]khLsf] 3/df cyjf s;fO{ cflbsf]
3/df k'Ub5 . j}t/0fLdf ufO{ t hfFb}g, k'gM s;sf] k'5f/ ;dft]/ tg]{5 < / xft t oxL+ hnfOlbP
cyjf ufl8lbP, k'5f/nfO{ s;/L ;dfTg]5 < oxfF Pp6f hf6sf] b[i6fGt o; s'/fdf pko'Qm x'G5—
Pp6f hf6 lyof] . To;sf] 3/df aL; ;]/ b"w lbg] Pp6L ufO{ lyOg\ . b"w a8f] :jflbi6 lyof] .
slxn]sfxL+ kf]khLsf] d'vdf klg kb{Yof] . To;sf] k'/f]lxtn] oxL Wofg nufO/fv]sf] lyof] ls ha
hf6sf] a"9f] afp dg{ nfUg]5, ta Tof] ufO{nfO{ lnP/ ;ÍNk u/fpg]5' . b}jof]un] To;sf] afpsf]
d/0fsf] ;do klg cfof] . af]nL aGb eof] / vf6af6 ptf/]/ tn e'OFdf ;'tfP . y'k|} hf6sf
;DaGwLx¿ pkl:yt ePsf lyP . To;} df}sfdf kf]khLn] k'sf/] æn ohdfg Û afpsf] xftaf6 uf]bfg
u/fpm .Æ hf6n] !) ?k}ofF lgsfNof], lktfsf] xftdf /fv]/ eGof]— æ;ÍNk k9\g'xf];\ ÛÆ kf]khLn] eg]—
æjfx Û afp k]ml/–k]ml/ dl//fVb5 / < ;fIfft\ ufO{ g} Nofpm, To;n] b"w klg b]cf];\ a"9L klg gxf];\ /
;a} k|sf/n] pQd xf];\ .Æ
Hff6— xfd|L dfq Pp6L ufO{ 5g\, To;sf] lagf xfd|f afnaRrfsf] lgjf{x x'g ;Sb}g, To;nfO{
d}n] lbÌ . n @) ?k}ofF lng'xf];\ / k9\g'xf];\ ;ÍNk . tkfO{+n] cs}{ ufO{ lnP x'G5 .
Kff]khL— jfx hL jfx Û ltdLn] cfˆgf] hGd lbg] afp eGbf klg ufO{nfO{ 7"nf] dfGof} < cfˆgf]
lktfnfO{ j}t/0fLdf 8'afP/, b'Mv lbg rfxG5f} < ltdL 5f]/f] ePsf] wGo /x]5f} Û ta t kf]khLsf]
s'/flt/ ;a} hgf s'6'DaLx¿ x'g uP . lsgeg] tL ;a} hgfnfO{ klxn]b]lvaf6} kf]khLn] dGt/]/ /fv]sf]
lyof] / Tolt j]n} klg Ozf/f ul/lbof] . ;a} hgf Ps}lt/ vlgP/ To; ufO{sf] bfg p;} kf]khLnfO{
h'6fOlbP . Tolt j]nf hf6n] s]xL klg eÌ ;s]g . To;sf] afp d¥of] . kf]khL ufO{, afR5f] / b"w
b'x'g] uf}jf ;d]t lnP/ 3/df uP/, ufO{–afR5f]nfO{ uf]7df afFw]/, uf}jfnfO{ leq /fv]/, ohdfgsf]
3/df kms]{/ cfof], clg a"9fsf] nfznfO{ Zdzfgdf nu]/ bfx ;+:sf/ u/] . Zdzfg3f6df klg s] xL–
s]xL kf]knLnf rnfof] . kZrft\ bzufq ;lk08L ug{ cflbdf klg To;nfO{ d'8'NofOlbP .
dxfa|fXd0fx¿n] klg n'6], ef]sf–cul:tx¿n] klg y'k|} dfn k]6df xfn], ha ;a}yf]s ;lsof] ta
hf6n] c¿ s;}–s;}sf] 3/af6 b"w dfuL–hf]uL u/]/ lgjf{x u¥of] . rf}wf}+ lbgsf] laxfg} hf6 kf]khLsf]
3/df k'Uof] . b]Vof] ufO{ b'x]/, uf}jfe/L b"w lnP/, kf]khLsf] p7\g] tof/L x'Fb} lyof] . olQs}df hf6
k'Uof] . kf]khLn] eg] cfpm a; Û
Hff6hL— tkfO{+ klg oxfF cfpg'xf];\ .
Kff]khL— n d b"w /fv]/ cfpF5' .
Hff6hL— xf]Og, b"wsf] uf}j} ;d]t lnP/ oxfF cfpg'xf];\ . kf]khL p;sf] glhs uP/, uf}jf
;fd'Ì] /fv]/ a;] .
hf6hL— tkfO{+ a8f] e'm§f] x'g'x'Fbf]/x]5 .
kf]khL— s] e'm6f] u/]+ / <
hf6hL— ufO{ s]sf] nflu lng'ePsf] lyof] <
kf]khL— ltd|f] afpsf] j}t/0fL tfg{sf] nflu .
 hf6hL— k]ml/ tkfO{+n] j}t/0fLsf] lsgf/fdf lsg k'¥ofpg' ePg < xfdL tkfO{+sf] e/f];fdf
a:of}+ . g hfFg] d]/f] afpn] j}t/0fLsf] slt uf]tf vfP xf]nfg\ <
kf]khL— xf]Og–xf]Og, jxfF o; bfgsf] k'0osf] k|efjn] csL{ ufO{ alg;lsg\ . ltd|f] afpnfO{
kf/ u/fOlb;s]+ .
hf6hL— j}t/0fL gbL oxfFaf6 slt 6f9f / stfkl§ 5 <
kf]khL— cg'dfg tL; s/f]8 sf]; 6f9f 5 . lsgeg] pgGkrf; sf]l6 of]hg k[YjL 5 / blIf0f
g}C{t lbzfdf j}t/0fL gbL 5 .
hf6hL— olt 6f9faf6 tkfO{+sf] lrÝL jf tf/sf] ;dfrf/ uPsf] eP, To;sf] pQ/ t kSs}
cfPsf] 5 xf]nflg ls k'0osL ufO{ algg\, cd'ssf] lktfnfO{ j}t/0fL kf/L t/fOlbof}+, b]vfpg'xf];\ <
kf]khL— xfdL;Fu …u?8k'/f0fÚ sf] n]v afx]s c¿ x'nfs jf tf/;f/sf] bf];|f] dfWod 5}g .
hf6hL— o; u?8k'/f0fnfO{ xfdLn] s;/L ;fFrf] dfÌ] <
kf]khL— h;/L ;a}n] dfGb} cfPsf5g\ .
hf6hL— of] k':ts tkfO{+sf k'vf{x¿n] tkfO{+sf] hLljsfsf] nflu agfPsf x'g\ . lsgeg]
lktfnfO{ lagf cfˆgf] k'qsf] c¿ sf]xL lk|o x'Fb}g . ha d]/f] lktfn] dnfO{ lrÝL–kq jf tf/ k7fpg]5g\
ta} d}n] j}t/0fLsf] lsgf/fdf ufO{nfO{ k'¥ofOlbg]5' / pgnfO{ kf/L tf/]/, k'gM ufO{nfO{ 3/df NofP/
b"wnfO{ d}n] / d]/f] afnaRrfn] lkpg]5f}+, lbg'xf];\ dnfO{ Û b"wsf] uf}jf, ufO{ / afR5f] lnP/ hf6hL
cfˆgf] 3/ nfUg yfn] .
kf]khL— ltdLn] bfg lbP/ lkmtf{ lnG5f}, ltd|f] ;Tofgfz x'g hfg]5 .
hf6hL— r'k nfu Û gq eg] t]x| lbg;Dd b"wsf] lagf hlt b'Mv xfdLn] kfPsf 5f}+, To;sf]
;a} s;/ lgsfNg]5' . ta kf]khL r'k nfu] / hf6hL tLg} rLh lnP/ 3/ k'u] .
ha o:t} hf6hL h:tf k'?ifx¿ eP t kf]knLnf ;+;f/df rNg] lyPg . h'g u?8k'/f0fLx¿n]
eGb5g\ ls bzufqsf] lk08af6 bz cË, ;lk08L ugf{n] z/L/sf] ;fy hLjsf] d]n eP/, cf}+nf]dfqsf]
z/L/ ag]/ kZrft\ odnf]sdf hfG5 eg] t dg]{ j]nfdf odb"tx¿sf] cfpg' Joy{ x'G5 . qof]bzfxsf]
kZrft\ cfpg'kb{5 . olb z/L/ aGb5 eg] t cfˆgf :qL, ;Gtfg / ldqx¿sf] df]xn] lsg cfpFb}g <
k|Zg— :ju{df s]xL klg ldNb}g, h] bfg u/]sf] 5, ToxL jxfF kfOFG5 . To;}n] ;a} s'/f] bfg
ug'{kb{5 .
pQ/— To:tf] ltd|f] :ju{ eGbf t oxL+ /fd|f] eof] lg, h;df wd{zfnfx¿ 5g\, dfG5]x¿n] bfg
lbG5g\, Oi6–ldq / hfltdf lgdGq0ffx¿ e}/fVb5, /fd|f–/fd|f j:qx¿ kfOFG5g\, ltdLn] eg]sf]
k|dfl0fs :ju{df s]xL klg kfOFb}g . o:tf] lgb{oL, s[k0f, sËfn :ju{df kf]khL g} uP/ g/fd|f] ag"g\,
jxfF enf dg'iosf] s] sfd <
k|Zg— u?8k'/f0f cflbdf bzufq, Psfbzfx, åfbzfx, ;lk08L sd{, dfl;s, pmgdfl;s,
uof>f4 cflb lqmof n]lvPsf] 5, s] oL ;a} c;To xf] t <
pQ/— xf], cjZo ldYof xf] . lsgeg] j]bx¿df oL sd{x¿sf] ljwfg st} klg 5}g . o;}n]
cst{Jo xf] / d[ts hLjsf] ;DaGw k"j{ ;DaGwLx¿sf] ;fydf s]xL klg /xFb}g, g t oL hLpFbf
;DaGwLx¿sf] To; d[ts;Fu ;DaGw /xG5 . To; hLjn] cfˆgf] sd{sf] cg';f/ hGd wf/0f ub{5 .
k|Zg— olb ltd|f] egfOn] odnf]s / od 5}g eg] t d/]/ hLj sxfF hfG5 / logLx¿sf] Gofo
s;n] ub{5 <
pQ/— ltd|f] u?8k'/f0fn] eg]sf] t ldYof / ck|df0f xf] . j]bsf c1fgL / pkb]z gx'gfn]
o:tf] u/], k/Gt' h'g j]bf]Qm k|df0f of] xf] ls—
ymen . —CUj]bM [-!)÷!$÷*_Ù !÷!^#÷@_]Ù cyj{j]bM -!*÷@÷!!, @!_ ..
vayuna . —cyj{j]bM [-$÷#(÷$_Ù @)÷!$!÷@_] ..
sTyrajn! . —oh'j]{bM [-@)÷$_Ù t'ngf—CUj]bM -!)÷!$Ù$_] ..
;i¦d! y/ma \;?yae dev/ja #it .1. —CUj]b -d08n !÷;"Qm !^$÷dGq !%_ ..
z/kem? va/ijnae/ ym?m! .2. —CUj]b -d08n @÷;"Qm %÷dGq !_ ..
 y/may? juhuta h/iv> , y/m< h? y/}ae g?CDTy/iGndU?tae/ Ar?<k&t> .3.
—CUj]b -d08n !)÷;"Qm !$÷dGq !#_ ..
y/m> sU/yma?nae/ iv:[u?> siMæ/yma?[ae va/yu> pU/yma?n> .4. —oh'j]{b -cWofo *÷dGq %&_ ..
va/ijn</ ym?m! .5. —CUj]b -d08n *÷;"Qm @$÷dGq @@_ ..
y/m< ma?t/irZva?nmahu> .6. —CUj]b -d08n !÷;"Qm !^$÷dGq $^_ ..
cy{— oxfF Ct'x¿sf] gfd od xf] ..!..
oxfF k/d]Zj/sf] gfd od xf] ..@..
oxfF clUgsf] gfd od xf] ..#..
oxfF jfo', ljB't, ;"o{sf] gfd od xf] ..$..
oxfF klg j]uzfnL x'gfsf] sf/0fn] jfo'sf] gfd od xf] ..%..
oxfF k/d]Zj/sf] gfd od xf] ..^..
OToflb j]bjrgaf6 lgZro x'G5 ls …odÚ gfd jfo'sf] xf]Ù z/L/ 5f]8]/ …jfo'Ú sf] ;fy
cGtl/Ifdf hLj /xG5Ù / hf] ;Tostf{ kIfkft/lxt k/dfTdf …wd{/fhÚ xf], jxL ;a}sf Gofostf{ x'g\ .
k|Zg— clxn];Dd ul/+b} cfPsf] cGo]li6sd{ 7Ls xf] ls xf]Og < t]x| lbg;Dd lsl/of a:g]
rng j]bljlxt xf] ls j]blj?4 <
pQ/— …cGTo]li6Ú sd{ To;nfO{ eGb5g\ ls h'g d[ts z/L/sf] cGtsf] ;+:sf/ xf], lrtfdf jf
j]bLdf bfx ul/;s]kl5 To; e:d z/L/sf] nflu s'g} klg cGo ;+:sf/ ug'{kb}{g . o;}nfO{ g/d]w,
k'?ifd]w, g/ofu, k'?ifofu klg eGb5g\ .
-Sma?Nt/‡ zrI?rm! .1. —oh'j]{b -cWofo $)÷dGq !%_ ..
lgif]sflbZdzfgfGtf] dGq}o{:of]lbtf] ljlwM ..@.. —dg':d[lt -cWofo @÷Znf]s !^_ ..
cy{— o; z/L/sf] ;+:sf/ -e:dfGtd\_ cyf{t\ e:d ug{] ko{Gt dfq} xf] ..!.. z/L/sf] cf/De
Ct'bfg / cGtdf Zdzfg cyf{t\ d[ts sd{ xf] ..@..
o; eGbf cufl8 d[tssf] nflu s]xL klg sd{ st{Jo /xFb}g, lsgeg] dflysf] -e:dfGtš
z/L/d\_ oh'j]{bsf] dGqsf] k|df0faf6 :ki6 e};s]sf] 5 ls bfxsd{ / cl:y;~rogb]lv k[ys\ d[tssf]
nflu bf];|f] s'g} klg sd{–st{Jo afFsL /xFb}g . xf], olb Tof] ;DkÌ 5 eg] t hLpFb}df, jf d/]kl5
p;sf ;DaGwLn] j]bljBf j]bf]Qm wd{sf] k|rf/, cgfykfng, j]bf]Qm wdf]{kb]zsf] k|j[lQsf] nflu rfx]
hltg} wg k|bfg u/f];\, w]/} /fd|f] s'/f x'g]5 . o;}n] k'/f0f cflbsf] ;a} sNkgf e'm6f] xf] .
k|Zg— >f4sf] kmn p;sf k"j{hx¿nfO{ k'Ub5 ls k'Ub}g <
pQ/— >f4sf] kmn p;sf k"j{hx¿nfO{ k'Ug ;Sb}g, lsgeg] p;sf lkt[x¿ ljlbt 5}gg\ ls
pgLx¿ s'g nf]sdf 5g\ . o; l;4fGtnfO{ :jLsf/ ubf{v]l/ bfgsf] kmn lgikmn 5 .
k|Zg— cfk"m hLljt 5Fbf u/]sf] sd{sf] kmn ldNg] / d/]kl5 bf];|fn] ul/lbPsf] gldNg] xf] t <
pQ/— xf], hLpFbf] x'Fbfv]l/sf] Tof] hLjsf] cfˆgf] sd{ xf], / sd{ stf{sf] ;fydf /xG5, gi6
x'Fb}g k/Gt' d[tssf] >f4 bf];|f] dfG5]sf] sd{ xf] / ha p;sf] ;DaGw k"0f{tof ;+;f/af6 6'l6;s]kl5
ul/Psf] x'G5, To;}n] lgikmn 5 / zf:qdf klg o:t} n]lvPsf] 5 .
stf{sf] o; ;+;f/af6 k"0f{tof gftf 6'l6;s]kl5 s'g} bf];|f] dfG5]n] ul/lbPsf] sd{ d[tssf]
hLjfTdfnfO{ k|fKt x'Fb}g . stf{ cfk}mn] u/]sf] kfk–k'0osf] kmn b]xaf6 k|f0f 5'6\gf;fy O{Zj/n] Joj:yf
u/]sf] lgodleq kb{5 / O{Zj/n] t'?Gt} p;nfO{ lbG5 . To; sf/0fn] s;}sf] klg kfly{j z/L/sf]
bfx;+:sf/kl5 d[tssf] hLjfTdfsf] nflu eg]/ bfg–k'0o ug{lt/ nfUg' Joy{ 5 .
k]ml/ o;sf] cltl/Qm olb of] dfGof}+ ls lkt[x¿nfO{ xfd|f] bfg of k|fy{gfn] /fd|f] nfe x'g k'Uof]
eg] t of] klg dfÌ'kb{5 ls p;sf zq'n] >fk lbG5g\ cyjf p;sf 5f]/fn] p;sf] gfdaf6 5n
ub{5g\, To;sf] k|efj klg cjZo x'G5 . o;af6 s] l;4 x'G5 eg] xfd|f] k|fy{gfn] :ju{ / >fkn]
g/sdf k6s–k6s cfpg–hfg kg]{5 . p;nfO{ k'0osf] kmn ldNg'kb{5, kfksf] xf]Og . sf/0f ls h'g
;dodf Tof] JolQm d¥of] TolQ j]n} kfksf] kmn cjZo lglZrt eof] xf]nf, To;}n] >fksf] k|efj klg
x'g ;Sb}g . pm d/]kl5 bf];|f] dfG5]n] ul/lbg] sd{ p;sf] nflu k"0f{tof lgikmn xf] .
 hLpFbf lkt[x¿sf] >4fn] ;]jf k'?iffy{ jf kbfy{x¿åf/f t[lKt ug'{ >f4 / tk{0f slxG5 . oxL
j]bflb zf:qf]Qm xf] .
bfg / kfqsf] nIf0f Pj+ ;dLIff -!!=@%_
k|Zg— ltd|f] egfOn] t uf]bfgflb bfg s;}nfO{ glbg], / g s]xL bfgk'0o g} ug]{, o:tf] l;4
x'G5 .
pQ/— o:tf] ltdLn] eÌ' ;j{yf Joy{ 5 . lsgeg] ;'kfqx¿nfO{, k/f]ksf/Lx¿nfO{ k/f]ksf/fy{
;'g, rfFbL, xL/f, df]tL, dfl0fs, cÌ, hn, j:q, ufO{ cflb bfg ug{ cjZo plrt x'G5 lsGt'
s'kfqx¿nfO{ slxNo} lbg x'Fb}g .
k|Zg— …s'kfqÚ / …;'kfqÚ sf] nIf0f s] xf] <
pQ/— hf] 5nL, sk6L, :jfyL{, ljifoL, sfd, qmf]w, nf]e, df]xn] o'Qm, k/xflg ug]{jfnf, nDk6,
ldYofjfbL, cljåfg\, s';ËL, cN5L, hf] s'g} bftf x'G5, p;sxfF af/Daf/ dfUg], wgf{ lbg], gfOF eGbf
klg x7 u/]/ dfUb} hfg], ;Gtf]if gug]{, glbP/ To;sf] lgGbf, >fk, uflnunf}h ug]{, w]/} k6s ;]jf ug]{
/ Ps k6s gubf{df t p;sf] zq' aÌ], aflx/af6 ;fw'sf] j]z agfP/ dfG5]x¿nfO{ axsfP/ 7Ug] /
cfk"m;Fu kbfy{ x'Fbf klg d;Fu s]xL 5}g eÌ], ;a}sf] v'zfdb ug]{, /ft–lbg eLs dfUgdf g} k|j[Q
/xFg], lgdGq0f lb+bfdf c;fWo} efË cflb dfbs b|Jo lkP/ w]/} vfg], d:t eP/ ax'nfxf jf k|dfbL x'g],
;To–dfu{sf] lj/f]w / e'm6f]–dfu{nfO{ cfˆgf] k|of]hgfy{ rnfpg], cfˆgf r]nfx¿nfO{ cfˆg} ;]jfsf]
pkb]z ug]{, cGo of]Uo k'?ifx¿sf] ;]jfnfO{ xf]Og, ljBflb k|j[lQsf lj/f]wL, hut\sf] Jojxf/ cyf{t\
:qL, k'?if, dftf, lktf, ;Gtfg, /fhf, k|hf, Oi6ldqx¿df ck|Llt ug]{vfn] oL ;a} c;To x'g \, hut\
klg ldYof xf], OToflb b'i6 pkb]z ug]{ cflb …s'kfqx¿sf]Ú nIf0f xf] .
/ hf] a|Xdrf/L, lht]lGb|o, j]bflbljBfk7gkf7gzLn, ;TojfbL, k/f]ksf/lk|o, k' ?iffyL{, pbf/,
ljBf–wd{sf] lg/Gt/ pÌlt ug]{jfnf, wdf{Tdf, zfGt, lgGbf–:t'ltdf xif{–zf]s/lxt, lge{o, pT;fxL,
of]uL, 1fgL, ;[li6qmd–j]bf1f–O{Zj/sf] u'0f–sd{–:jefjfg's"n rNg]jfnf, Gofosf] /Llto'Qm,
kIfkft/lxt, ;Tof]kb]z / ;Tozf:qx¿nfO{ k9\g]–k9fpg]jfnfx¿sf] k/LIfs, s;}sf] v'zfdb
gug]{jfnf, k|Zgx¿sf 7Ls–7Ls ;dfwfgstf{, cfˆgf] cfTdfsf] t'No cGosf] klg ;'v–b'Mv, xfgL–
nfenfO a'‰g]jfnf, cljBflb Sn]z–x7–b'/fu|xf˜ledfg/lxt cd[ts} t'No ckdfg / dfgnfO{ ljifs}
t'No ;Demg]jfnf, ;Gtf]ifL, hf] sf]xL k|Lltn] hlt lbG5 Toltdf g} k|;Ì, Ps k]m/ cfkTsfndf dfu]
klg, glbP jf jh{gf u/] klg b'Mv jf g/fd|f] r]i6f gug]{, ToxfFaf6 t'?Gt} x6\g], To;sf] lgGbf gug]{,
;'vLsf] ;fy ldqtf, b'MvLdfly s?0ff, k'0ofTdfx¿af6 cfgGb / kfkLx¿af6 …pk]IffÚ cyf{t\ k|Llt–
å]if/lxt /xg], ;TodfgL, ;TojfbL, ;Tosf/L, lgisk6, O{iof{–å]if/lxt, uDeL/fzo, ;Tk'?if, wd{b]lv
o'Qm / ;j{yf b'i6frf/b]lv /lxt, cfˆgf] tg–dg–wgnfO{ k/f]ksf/df nufpg]jfnf, k/fo ;'vsf] nflu
cfˆgf] k|f0fsf] klg ;dlk{tstf{ OToflb z'enIf0fo'Qm …;'kfqÚ x'G5g\ . k/Gt' b'le{Ifflb cfkTsfndf,
cÌ, j:q / cf}iflw, kYo, :yfgsf clwsf/L ;a} k|f0fLdfq x'G5g\ .
k|Zg— bftf slt k|sf/sf x'G5g\ <
pQ/— tLg k|sf/sf x'G5g\– pQd, dWod / lgs[i6 . …pQd bftfÚ To;nfO{ eGb5g\ hf] b]z,
sfn / kfqnfO{ hfg]/, ;ToljBf wd{sf] pÌlt¿k k/f]ksfy{ bfg lbG5 . …dWodÚ Tof] xf] h;n] sLlt{ /
:jfy{sf] nflu bfg ub{5 . …gLrÚ Tof] xf] ls h;n] cfˆgf / k/fonfO{ s]xL pksf/ ug{ ;Sb}g, lsGt'
j]Zofudgflb jf ef+8–ef6x¿ cflbnfO{ lbG5, lb+bfv]l/ lt/:sf/ ckdfgflb klg ub{5, kfq–s'kfqsf]
s]xL klg e]b hfGb}g, lsGt' …;a} cÌ afx| k;]/LÚ a]Rg]jfnfsf] t'No ljjfb–n8fO+{, bf];|f wdf{Tdfx¿nfO{
b'Mv lbP/ ;'vL x'gsf] nflu lbG5, Tof] …cwdÚ bftf xf] . cyf{t\ hxfF k/LIffk"j{s ljåfg\ wdf{Tdfx¿sf]
;Tsf/ ul/G5, Tof] …pQdÚ bftf / s]xL k/LIff u/f];\ jf gu/f];\ k/Gt' h;df cfˆgf] k|z+;f x'G5
To;nfO{ ub{5, Tof] …dWodÚ / h;n] cGwfw'Gw k/LIff/lxt lgikmn bfg lbg] ub{5, To;nfO{ …gLrÚ
bftf eGb5g\ .
k|Zg— bfgsf] kmn oxfF x'G5 ls k/nf]sdf <
pQ/— ;j{q x'G5 .
k|Zg— :jo+ x'G5g\ ls, sf]xL kmn lbg]jfnf 5 <
pQ/— kmn lbg]jfnf O{Zj/ 5 . h;/L sf]xL rf]/–8fFs" :jo+ aGbL3/df hfFg rfxFb}g . /fhfn]
p;nfO{ cjZo k7fpF5 . wdf{Tdfx¿sf] ;'vsf] ;'/Iff ub}{, ef]ufpFb}, 8fFs" cflbb]lv arfP/ pgLx¿nfO{
;'vdf /fVb5 . To;/L g} k/dfTdfn] ;a}nfO{ kfk–k'0osf] b'Mv / ;'v¿k kmnx¿nfO{ oyfjt\
ef]ufpFb5 .
PsfbzL cflb j|tx¿sf] ;dLIff -!!=@^_
k|Zg— h'g oL u?8k'/f0fflb u|Gyx¿ 5g\, …j]bfy{Ú jf …j]bÚ sf] k'li6 ug]{jfnf x'g\ ls xf]Ogg\ <
pQ/— xf]Ogg\, lsGt' j]bsf lj/f]wL / pN6f] rNb5g\ tyf tGq klg o:t}vfn] x'g\ . h;/L sf]xL
dg'io Pp6fsf] ldq, c¿ ;a} ;+;f/sf] zq' x'G5, To:t} g} k'/f0f / tGqnfO{ dfÌ]jfnf k'?ifsf] ult
x'G5, lsgeg] oL Ps csf{;Fu lj/f]w ug]{jfnf u|Gyx¿ x'g\ . logLx¿nfO{ dfÌ' s'g} dg'iosf] sfd
xf]Og, lsGt' lognfO{ dfÌ' t kz'tf xf] . /fd|f];Fu x]g'{xf];\ Û lzjk'/f0fdf qof]bzL, ;f]djf/Ù
cflbTok'/f0fdf /ljjf/Ù rGb|v08df ;f]du|xjfn] dËnjf/, a'wjf/, a[x:kltjf/Ù z'qm, zg}Zr/, /fx',
s]t'sf]Ù j}i0fj PsfbzLÙ jfdgsf] åfbzLÙ g[l;+x jf cgGtsf] rt'b{zLÙ rGb|dfsf] kf}0f{df;LÙ
lbSkfnx¿sf] bzdLÙ b'uf{sf] gjdLÙ j;'x¿sf] ci6dL, d'lgx¿sf] ;KtdLÙ sflQ{s:jfdLsf] ifi7LÙ
gfusf] k~rdLÙ u0f]zsf] rt'yL{Ù uf}/Lsf] t[tLofÙ clZjgLs'df/x¿sf] låtLofÙ cfBfb]jLsf] k|ltkbf /
lkt[x¿sf] cdfj:ofÙ cÝfx| k'/f0fx¿sf /Lltn] oL pkjf; ug'{kg]{ lbgx¿ x'g\ . k]ml/ k'/f0fx¿df ;j{q
oxL n]lvPsf] 5 ls hf] dg'ion] oL jf/ jf ltlyx¿df cÌ–kfg u|x0f u/]df Tof] g/sufdL x'g]5 .
ca kf]k / kf]khLsf r]nfx¿nfO{ rflxof] ls s'g} klg jf/ jf ltlydf ltgLx¿n] ef]hg gu¿g\
lsgeg] h;n] ef]hg–kfg ub{5 Tof] t g/sufdL x'g hfg]5 .
ca …lg0f{ol;Gw'Ú …wd{l;Gw'Ú …j|tfs{Ú cflb u|Gy h'g k|dflbx¿n] agfPsf 5g\, pg}df Ps–Ps
j|tsf] o:tf] b'b{zf u/]sf 5g\ ls h;/L PsfbzLdf z}j bzdLlj4f, sf]xL åfbzLdf PsfbzLsf] j|t
ub{5g\, cyf{t\ j}i0fjfgf+ / :dftf{gf+ u/]/ cluNnf] / kl5Nnf] lbgnfO{ dfÌ] s:tf] a8f] ljlrqsf]
kf]knLnf 5 ls ef]sf] dg{df klg jfb–ljjfb g} u/]sf 5g\ . h;n] PsfbzLsf] j|t rnfPsf] xf],
To;df cfˆgf] :jfy{kg g} 5 / bof s]xL klg 5}g . eGb5g\ ls—
PsfbZofdÌ] kfkflg j;lGt ..
—kßk'/f0f a|Xdv08 -cWofo !%÷Znf]s !!_ tyf PsfbzL dfxfTDo ..
hlt klg kfk 5g\, tL ;a} PsfbzLsf] cÌdf uP/ a:b5g\ . o; kf]khL;Fu ;f]Wg'kb{5 ls
s;sf] kfk uP/ To;df a:b5g\ < ltd|f] jf ltd|f] lktf cflbsf] < olb ;a}sf] ;a} kfk PsfbzLdf
uP/ a;]df t PsfbzLsf] lbg s;}nfO{ klg b'Mv gx'g'kg]{ xf] . o:tf] t x'Fb}g lsGt' pN6f] If'wf -ef]s_
cflbn] b'Mv kfpF5g\ . b'Mv kfksf] kmn xf] . To;}n] ef]s} dg'{ kfk xf] . o;sf] af/]df a8f] 7"nf]
dfxfTDo agfPsf 5g\, h;sf] syf jfFr]/ w]/}nfO{ 7Ug] ub{5g\ . To;df Pp6f ufyf 5 ls—
a|Xdnf]sdf Pp6L j]Zof lyO{ . To;n] s]xL ck/fw u/L . To;nfO{ >fk k¥of]— ætF k[YjLdf
em/];\ .Æ To;n] :t'lt u/L ls d k'gM :ju{df s'g pkfon] cfpg ;Sg]5' < >fkbftfn] eGof] æha s'g}
j]nf PsfbzLsf] j|tsf] kmn tFnfO{ s;}n] b]nf ta g} tF :ju{df cfpg]5];\ .Æ Tof] ljdfg;lxt s'g}
gu/df v:bL eO{ . ToxfFsf] /fhfn] ;f]Wof] ls ætF sf] xf];\ <Æ ta p;n] ;a} j[QfGt ;'gfO{ / egL ls
æhf] s;}n] cfˆgf] PsfbzLsf] kmn dnfO{ ck{0f ul/lbPdf t d k]ml/ :ju{df hfg ;Sg]5' .Æ /fhfn]
gu/df vf]hL ug{ nufof] . sf]xL klg PsfbzLsf] j|t ug]{jfnf kfOPg . lsGt' s'g} Ps lbg s'g} z"b|
:qL–k'?ifdf emu8f ePsf] lyof] . qm]fwn] ubf{v]l/ :qLrflx+ To; lbg / /ft ef]sL /x]sL lyO{ . ;+of]un]
Tof] lbg PsfbzL k/]sf] lyof] . To;n] egL ls æd}n] PsfbzL hfg]/ t j|t u/]sL xf]Og t/ cs:dft\
To;} lbg ef]sL /xFg k'u]sL lyPF .Æ o:tf] s'/f To;n] /fhfsf l;kfxLx¿nfO{ egL . /fhfsf l;kfxLn]
To;nfO{ /fhfsf] ;fd'Ì] nu] . /fhfn] To; z"b|fnfO{ eg] ls æt}+n] o; ljdfgnfO{ 5f]Ob] .Æ To;n]
ljdfgnfO{ 5f]OlbO{ . x]/ Û plQj]n} ljdfg dfly p8Øf] . of] t lagf hfg] u/]sf] PsfbzL j|tsf] kmn
eof], h;n] hfg]/ ub{5 eg] t To;sf] kmnsf] kf/fjf/ s] xf]nf ÛÛÛ
jfx /] cfFvfsf cGwfx¿ xf] Û olb o:tf] s'/f] ;fFRr} xf] eg] t xfdLn] Pp6f kfgsf] la6f] h'g
ls :ju{df x'Fb}g, k7fpg rfxG5f} . ;a} PsfbzLjfnfn] cfˆgf] kmn b]cf] . olb Ps kfgsf] la6f] dfly
uof] eg] t k'gM nfvf}+–s/f]8f}+ kfg jxfF k7fOlbg]5f}+ / xfdLn] klg PsfbzL j|t ug]{5f}+ / olb o:tf]
ePg eg] t ltdLx¿nfO{ o; ef]sf]k]6 dg]{¿kL cfkTsfnb]lv arfpg]5f}+ .
oL @$ rf}aL; PsfbzLx¿sf gfd k[ys\–k[ys\ /fv]sf 5g\ . s'g}sf] …wgbfÚ, s'g}sf] …sfdbfÚ,
s'g}sf] …k'qbfÚ / s'g}sf] …lgh{nfÚ . y'k|} bl/b|, y'k|} sfdL / y'k|} lgj{+zLx¿n] PsfbzLsf] j|t u/]/ a"9f]
eP/ d/]/ klg uP, k/Gt' ltgnfO{ wg, sfdgf / k'q k|fKt ePg . k]ml/ Ho]i7 dlxgfsf] z'SnkIfdf ls
pi0ftfn] ubf{ Ps ldg6 klg hn kfPg eg] t dfG5] cfs'n–Jofs'n x'g hfG5, j|t ug]{x¿sf nflu
dxfb'Mv k|fKt x'G5 . ljz]if u/]/ aËfndf ;a} ljwjf :qLx¿sf nflu PsfbzLsf] lbg a8f] b'b{zf x'g]
ub{5 . oL lgb{oL s;fO{x¿nfO{ n]Vg] ;dodf slQ klg dgdf bof cfPg, gq eg] t …lgh{nfÚ sf]
gfd …;hnfÚ / kf}ifsf] dlxgfsf] PsfbzLsf] gfd …lgh{nfÚ /flvlbPsf] eP t s]xL /fd|f] x'g] lyof] .
k/Gt' o; kf]knfO{ bofsf] s] sfd < …sf]xL afFrf];\ ls d/f];\ kf]khLsf] k]6 k"/f e/f];\ .Ú hxfF;Dd ls
ue{jtL jf ;Bf]ljjflxt :qL, s]6f jf o'jf k'?ifx¿n] slxNo} klg pkjf; ug'{x'Fb}g . k/Gt' s;}n]
ug'{5 eg] t h'g lbg chL0f{ x'G5, ef]s nfUb}g, To; lbg zj{t jf b" w lkP/ a:bf /fd|f] x'G5 . h;n]
ef]s nfUbf vfFb}gg\ / ef]s gnfUbf vfg] ub{5g\, o:tfvfn] b'j} /f]u;fu/df uf]tf vfP/ b'Mv
kfO/xG5g\ . oL k|dfbLx¿n] n]v]sf]–eg]sf] s'/fnfO{ s;}n] klg k|df0f gug{" .
ca u'?lziodGqf]kb]z / dtdtfGt/sf] rl/qx¿sf] af/]df eGb5' .
d"lt{k"hs ;Dk|bfoLx¿n] k|Zg ub{5g\ ls j]b cgGt 5 . CUj]bsf] @!, oh'j]{bsf] !)!,
;fdj]bsf] !))) / cyj{j]bsf] ( zfvfx¿ 5g\ . oL dWo]sf yf]/}dfq zfvf kfOPsf 5g\, z]if nf]k
eP/ uPsf 5g\ . pg}df d"lt{k"hf / tLy{x¿sf] k|df0f lyof] xf]nf . olb x'Gy]g eg] t k'/f0fx¿df
sxfFaf6 cfpFYof] < ha sfo{nfO{ b]v]/ sf/0fsf] cg'dfg x'g] ub{5, ta k'/f0fx¿nfO{ b]v]/ d"lt{k"hfdf
s] zÍf 5 <
pQ/— h;/L zfvf h'g j[Ifsf] x'G5 p;}sf] ;b[z x'g] ub{5, lj?4 xf]Og . rfx] zfvf ;fgf] –
7"nf] lsg gxf];\ k/Gt' pgdf lj/f]w x'g ;Sb}g . To;/L g} hlt zfvf kfOPsf 5g\, ha logLx¿df
kfiff0fflb–d"lt{ / hn–:yn–ljz]if tLy{x¿sf] k|df0f kfOFb}g eg] t, tL n'Kt zfvfx¿df klg lyPg .
k]ml/ hf] rf/ j]b k"0f{ kfOPsf 5g\, ltb]lv lj?4 zfvf slxNo} klg x'g ;Sb}g / hf] ltb]lv lj?4 5g\,
To;nfO{ zfvf s'g}n] klg l;4 ug{ ;Sb}g . ha o:tf] s'/f 5 eg] t …k'/f0fÚ j]bx¿sf zfvf xf]Ogg\
lsGt' ;Dk|bfoL dfG5]x¿n] k/:k/ lj?4¿k u|Gy agfP/ /fv]sf 5g\ .
j]bx¿nfO{ ltdLn] k/d]Zj/s[t dfGb5f} ls dg'ios[t <
k/d]Zj/s[t .
ha k/d]Zj/s[t dfGb5f} eg] t …cfZjfnfogflbÚ Clif–d'lgx¿sf] gfdaf6 k|l;4 u|Gyx¿nfO{
j]b lsg dfGb5f} < h;/L xfFuf / kft b]Vgfn] kLkn, j/ / cfFk cflbsf] ¿vsf] klxrfg x'G5, To;/L
g} Clif–d'lgx¿n] u/]sf j]bfË, rf/} a|fXd0f, cË, pkfË / pkj]b cflbaf6 j]bfy{nfO{ lrlgG5 . o;}n]
oL u|Gyx¿nfO{ zfvf dflgPsf] 5 . hf] j]bb]lv lj?4 5g\, To;sf] k|df0f / cg's"nsf] ck|df0f x'g
;Sb}g .
olb ltdLn] cb[Zo zfvfx¿df d"lt{ cflbsf] k|df0fsf] sNkgf ub{5f} eg] t, ha s'g}n] o:tf]
kIf ug]{5 ls n'Kt zfvfx¿df j0ff{>d Joj:yf pN6f] cyf{t\ cGToh / z"b|sf] gfd a|fXd0fflb /
a|fXd0fflbsf] gfd z"b| cGTohflb, cudgLof–udg, cst{Jo st{Jo, ldYofefif0fflb wd{, ;Toefif0fflb
cwd{ cflb n]lvPsf] eP t ltdLn] p;nfO{ ToxL pQ/ lbg]5f} h'g xfdLn] lbof}+, cyf{t\ j]b / k|l;4
zfvfx¿df h;/L a|fXd0fflbsf gfd a|fXd0fflb / z"b|flbsf] gfd z"b|flb n]lvPsf] 5, To:t} g} cb[i6
zfvfx¿df klg dfÌ'kb{5, gq eg] t j0ff{>d Joj:yf cflb ;a} cGoyf x'ghfg]5g\ .
hxfF;Dd ls h}ldgL, Jof; / kt~hlnsf] ;do ko{Gt;Dd t ;a} zfvf ljBdfg lyP ls
lyPgg\ < olb lyP eg] t ltdLn] slxNo} lgif]w ug{ ;Sg]5}gf} / olb eGb5f} ls lyPg eg] t k]ml/
zfvfx¿ x'gfsf] s] k|df0f 5 < x]/ Û h}ldgLn] dLdf+;fdf ;a} …sd{sf08Ú, kt~hln d'lgn] of]uzf:qdf
;a} …pkf;gfsf08Ú / Jof;d'lgn] zf/L/s–;"qx¿df ;a} …1fgsf08Ú j]bfg's"n n]v]sf 5g\ .
ltgLx¿df kfiff0fflb–d"lt{k"hf jf k|ofuflb tLy{x¿sf gfd;Dd klg n]v]gg\ . n]v"g\ klg sxfFaf6 <
sxL+ j]bx¿df x'GYof] eg] t lagf n]v] slxNo} 5f]8\g] lyPgg\ . o;}n] n'Kt zfvfx¿df klg oL
d"lt{k"hflbsf] k|df0f lyPg .
oL ;a} zfvf j]b xf]Ogg\, lsgeg] logdf O{Zj/s[t j]bx¿sf] k|tLs /fv]/ JofVof / ;+;f/L
hgx¿ cflbsf Oltxf; n]lvPsf 5g\, To;}n] j]bdf oL slxNo} x'g ;Sb}gg\ . j]bx¿df t s]jn
dg'iox¿nfO{ ljBfsf] pkb]z ul/Psf] 5 . s'g} dg'iosf] gfddfq klg 5}g . o;}n] d"lt{k"hfsf] ;j{yf
v08g 5 .
x]/ Û d"lt{k"hfn] ubf{ >L/fdrGb|, >Ls[i0f, gf/fo0f / lzjflbsf] a8f] lgGbf / pkxf; x'G5 .
;a}n] hfGb5g\ ls pgLx¿ 7"nf dxf/fhflw/fh / pgsL :qL ;Ltf, tyf ?lSd0fL, nIdL / kfj{tL
cflb dxf/fgL lyP, k/Gt' ha pgsf d"lt{x¿ dlGb/ cflbdf /fv]/ k'hf/Lx¿n] pgsf] gfdaf6 eLs
dfUb5g\ cyf{t\ pgLx¿nfO{ lesf/L agfpF5g\ ls æcfcf] dxf/fh Û /fhfhL Û ;]7–;fx"sf/f] Û bz{g
ug'{xf];\, a:g'xf];\, r/0ffd[t lng'xf];\, s]xL e]6L r9fpg'xf];\, dxf/fh Û ;Ltf–/fd, s[i0f–?lSd0fL jf
/fwf–s[i0f, tyf nIdL–gf/fo0f / dxfb]j–kfj{tLnfO{ tLg lbgb]lv …afnef]uÚ jf …/fhef]uÚ cyf{t\
hnkfg jf vfgkfg klg ldn]sf] 5}g . cfh logLx¿;Fu s]xL klg 5}g . ;Ltf cflbnfO{ gy'gL cflb
/fgLhL jf ;]7fgLhLn] Û agfOlbg'xf];\ . cÌ cflb k7fOlbg' ePdf t /fds[i0fflbnfO{ ef]u nufpg]
lyof}+ . j:q ;a} kmfl6;s] . dlGb/sf] s'gf ;a} v;]sf] 5 . dflyaf6 r'x'G5 / h]–hlt lyof], ;a} b'i6
rf]/n] p7fP/ nu] . /x]df s]xL d';fn] sfl6lbP . x]g'{xf];\ Û Ps lbg t d';fn] o:tf] cgy{ klg u/] ls
d"lt{af6 cfFvf klg lgsflnlbP/ efu] . ca xfdLn] rfFbLsf] cfFvf t agfpg ;s]gf}+, To;}n] sf}8Lsf]
cfFvf agfP/ nufOlbPsf 5f}+ .Æ
/fdnLnf / /f;d08n klg u/fpF5f}+, ;Ltf–/fd, /fwf–s[i0f gflr/fv]sf 5g\, /fhf / dxGt
cflb pgsf ;]js cfgGbdf a;]sf 5g\ Û dlGb/df ;Ltf, /fdflb plePsf 5g\ / k'hf/L jf dxGthL
cf;g jf u2L lz/fgL nufP/ a:b5g\ . dxfudL{df klg tfnf nufP/ leq aGw ul/lbG5f}+ / tkfO{+
;'Gb/ jfo'df knË la5fP/ ;'Tg'x'G5 . y'k|} k'hf/Lx¿n] cfˆgf] gf/fo0fnfO{ 8Aafdf aGw u/]/ dflyaf6
sk8fn] a]/]/ 3fF6Ldf e'm08ØfpF5g\, h;/L ls jfg/Ln] cfˆgf] aRrfnfO{ 3fF6Ldf e'm08ØfpF5], To;/L g}
k'hf/Lx¿sf 3fF6Ldf klg e'ml08G5g\ . ha s;}n] d"lt{nfO{ k'm6flnlbG5g\ ta xfo–xfo u/]/ 5ftL lk6]/
aSb5g\ ls ;Ltf–/fdhL, /fwf–s[i0fhL / lzj–kfj{tLnfO{ b'i6x¿n] k'm6fn] . ca csf]{ d"lt{ dufpg
nufP/ h'g ls /fd|f] lzNkLn] ;+ud/d/sf] agfPsf] xf];\, :yfkgf u/]/ k"Hg' kb{5 . gf/fo0fnfO{ lagf
£o"sf] ef]u nfUb}g . w]/} geP klg yf]/} t cjZo k7fOlbg" . OToflb s'/fx¿ ltgLx¿dfly kfb{5g\ .
k]ml/ /f;d08n jf /fdnLnfsf] cGtdf ;Ltf–/fd jf /fwf–s[i0faf6 eLs dufpF5g\ . hxfF d]nf–7]nf
nfu]sf] x'G5, jxfF s]6fx¿nfO{ d's'6 k}x|fP/ sGx}of agfP/ dfu{df a;fpFb} eLs dfUg nufpF5g\ .
OToflb s'/fx¿dfly tkfO{+x¿n] ljrf/ ug'{xf];\ ls slt 7"nf] zf]ssf] s'/f 5 Û s], eÌ'xf];\ t,
;Ltf/fdflb o:t} bl/b| / leIf's lyP < of] pgLx¿sf] pkxf; / lgGbf geP s] xf] t < o;n] ubf{
xfd|f dfggLo k'?ifx¿sf] 7"nf] lgGbf x'g] ub{5 .
h'g ;dodf oL dxfk'?ifx¿ ljBdfg lyP, p; ;do ;Ltf, ?lSd0fL, nIdL, kfj{tLnfO{
;8sdf jf s'g} 3/df pEofP/ k'hf/Ln] eg]df ls æcfcf] logsf] bz{g u/ / s]xL e]6Lk"hf /fvÆ ta
;Ltflbn] oL d"v{x¿sf] egfOnfO{ dfÌ] lyPgg\ / o:tf] ug{ slxNo} klg lbg] lyPgg\ . hf] s;}n] o:tf]
pkxf; pgsf] uYof]{ eg] t, lagf b08 lbP To;nfO{ slxNo} 5f]8\y] < xf], ha pgLx¿af6 b08
kfPgg\ ta logsf sd{x¿n] k'hf/Lx¿nfO{ y'k|} d"lt{lj/f]wLx¿af6 k|;fbL ldnfOlbP / clxn} klg
ldNb}5 / ha;Dd o; sd{nfO{ 5f]8\b}gf} ta;Dd ldNg]5 klg . o;df s] ;Gb]x 5 ls hf] cfof{jQ{sf]
k|ltlbg dxfxflg, kfiff0fflb–d"lt{k"hsx¿sf] k/fho log} sd{x¿af6 x'g] ub{5, lsgeg] kfksf] kmn
b'Mv xf] . log} kfiff0fflb–d"lt{x¿sf] ljZjf;n] y'k|} xflg eP/ uof] . olb 5f]8\b}gf} eg] t k|ltlbg
clws–clws x'Fb}hfg]5 .
df/0f, df]xg, pRrf6gsf] ;fy} jfddfu{sf] ;dLIff -!!=@&_
logLx¿ dWo]df jfddfuL{ a8f] ef/L ck/fwL 5g\ . ha ltgLx¿n] r]nf agfpF5g\ ta
;fwf/0fnfO{—
b+ b'uf{o} gdM . e+ e}/jfo} gdM . P]+ x|L+ SnL+ rfd'08fo} ljRr] ..
OToflb dGqx¿sf] pkb]z ul/lbG5g\ / aËfndf ljz]if u/]/ PsfIf/L dGqf]kb]z ub{5g\,
h:t} ls– x|L+, >L+, SnL+ .. —->Ls07lzjkl08t/lrt zfj/tGq a+=k|sL=k|=$$_ ..
OToflb . / wgf9Øx¿nfO{ k"0ff{leif]s ub{5g\ .
o;/L g} bz dxfljBfx¿sf] dGq– x|f+ x|L+ x|"+ junfd'Vo} km6\ :jfxf .. —-zfj/tGq $!_ ..
sxL+–sxL+– x"+ km6\ :jfxf .. —-sfd/Tg tGq, aLhdGq $_ ..
/ df/0f, df]xg, pRrf6g, ljå]if0f, jzLs/0f, cflb k|of]u ub{5g\ . ;f] dGqaf6 t s]xL klg
x'Fb}g, lsGt' lqmofaf6 ;a} s'/f ub{5g\ . ha s;}nfO{ dfg{sf] nflu k|of]u ub{5g\, ta otf
u/fpg]jfnf;Fu wg lnP/ kL7f] jf df6fsf] k'Tnf h;nfO{ dfg{ rfxG5g\, p;sf] agfpF5g\ . To;sf]
5ftL, gfle, s07df 5'/f k|j]z u/fOlbG5g\ . cfFvf, xft, v'§fdf sfF6L 7f]lslbG5g\ . To;sf] dfly
e}/j jf b'uf{sf] d"lt{ agfP/, xftdf lqz"n /fv]/, To;sf] 5ftLdf nufpF5g\ . Pp6f j]bL agfP/ df;'
cflbsf] xf]d ug{ nfUb5g\ / ptf b"t cflb k7fP/ To;nfO{ ljif cflbn] dfg]{ pkfo ub{5g\ . olb
cfˆgf] k'/Zr/0fsf] aLrdf To;nfO{ dfg{ ;s] eg] t cfk"mnfO{ e}/j b]jLsf] l;l4jfnf atfpF5g\ .
…e}/jf] e"tgfyZrÚ OToflbsf] kf7 ub{5g\ .
df/o–df/o, pRrf6o–pRrf6o, ljå]ifo–ljå]ifo, l5lGw–l5lGw, lelGw–lelGw, jzLs'?–jzLs'?,
vfbo–vfbo, eIfo–eIfo, qf]6o–qf]6o, gfzo–gfzo, dd zq"g\ jzLs'?, dd zq"g\ jzLs'?, x'+ km6\
:jfxf .. —-sfd/TgtGq, pRrf6g k|s/0f, dGq %–&_ ..
OToflb dGq hKb5g\, dB efË v'a lkpF5g\, df+;flb vfG5g\, e[s'6Lsf] aLrdf l;Gb"/sf] /]vf
sf]b{5g\, slxn]sflx+ sfnL cflbsf] nflu s'g} dfG5]nfO{ ;dft]/ df/]/ xf]d u/]/ To;sf] df;' klg
vfG5g\ . olb sf]xL e}/jLrqmdf hfG5 / dB–df+; lkpFb}g–vfFb}g eg] t To;}nfO{ df/]/ xf]d
ul/lbG5g\ . tL dWo]df h'g …c3f]/LÚ x'G5, To;n] d[tdg'iosf] df;' klg vfG5, ch/L–ah/L ug]{jfnfn]
lji7fd"q klg vfG5–lkpF5 .
Ps …rf]nLdfu{Ú / …aLhdfuL{Ú klg x'G5g\ . …rf]nLdfu{jfn]Ú Ps u'Kt :yfg jf e"lddf Ps :yfg
agfpF5g\ . jxfF ;a}sL :qLx¿, k'?if, s]6f, s]6L, lbbL, alxgL, cfdf, a'xf/L cflb ;a} hDdf eP/ ;a}
hgf ldn]/ df;' vfG5g\, dlb/f lkpF5g\, Pp6L :qLnfO{ gfËL agfP/ To;sf] u'KtfËsf] k"hf ;a}
k'?ifx¿n] ldn]/ ub{5g\, To;sf] gfd b'uf{b]jL /fVb5g\ . Pp6f k'?ifnfO{ gfËf] agfP/ To;sf] pk:y
OlGb|o -u'KtfË_ sf] k"hf ;a} :qLx¿n] ldn]/ ub{5g\ . ha dB lkpg;Dd lkP/ pGdQ x'G5g\, ta ;a}
:qLx¿sf 5ftLsf] j:q h;nfO{ …rf]nLÚ eGb5g\, Pp6f 7"nf] df6fsf] £ofDkfdf ;a} j:q ldnfP/ /fv]/
Ps–Ps k'?ifn] To;df xft xfn]/ lemSg] ub{5g\, h;sf] xftdf h;sf] j:q cfpF5— Tof] cfdf, lbbL,
alxgL, 5f]/L / a'xf/Lsf] g} lsg gxf];\, To; ;dosf] nflu Tof] p;sL :qL aÌ hfG5] . cfk;df
s'sd{ ug]{ / gzf cToflws ePkl5 h'Qf cflbn] xfgfxfg ub{5g\ . ha laxfg ldld{/] pHofnf] x'G5
cfˆgf–cfˆgf 3/ nfUb5g\ ta cfdf cfdf, 5f]/L 5f]/L, lbbL lbbL, alxgL alxgL / a'xf/L a'xf/L g} x'g
hfG5] . / …aLhdfuL{Ú n] :qL–k'?ifsf] ;dfud u/]/ hndf jLo{nfO{ ldnfP/ lkpF5g\ . oL kfd/ o:tf
sd{x¿nfO{ d'lQmsf] ;fwg dfGb5g\ . ljBf, ljrf/, ;Hhgtflbb]lv /lxt x'G5g\ .
z}jdtsf] ;dLIff -!!=@*_
k|Zg— z}j t /fd|f x'G5g\ <
pQ/— /fd|f sxfFaf6 x'g' < …h:tf] k|]tgfy p:t} e"tgfyÚ . h;/L jfddfuL{n] dGqf]kb]zflb
u/]/ pgsf wg x/0f ub{5g\, To:t} z}j klg …cf]+ gdM lzjfoÚ OToflb k~rfIf/flb dGqx¿sf] pkb]z
ub{5g\, ?b|fIf e:d wf/0f ub{5g\, df6fsf] / kfiff0fflbsf] lnË agfP/ k"Hb5g\, …x/–x/Ú, …a+–a+Ú /
af]sfsf]h:tf] …a8–a8–a8Ú zAb d'vaf6 lgsfNb5g\ . To;sf] sf/0f of] eGb5g\ ls tfnL ahfpg] /
a+–a+ zAb af]Ngfn] kfj{tL k|;Ì / dxfb]j ck|;Ì x'G5g\ . lsgeg] ha e:df;'/sf] cufl8af6 dxfb]j
efu]sf lyP ta a+–a+ / 7§fsf] tfnLx¿ ah]sf] lyof], k]ml/ ufnf ahfpgfn] kfj{tL ck|;Ì / dxfb]j
k|;Ì x'G5g\, lsgeg] kfj{tLsf lktf bIfk|hfkltsf] 6fpsf] sf6]/ cfuf]df xfn]/ To;sf] z/L/df
af]sfsf] 6fpsf] hf]l8lbPsf lyP . To;}sf] gSsn af]sfsf] zAbs} t'No ufnf ahfpg dfGb5g\ .
lzj/flq k|bf]ifsf] j|t ub{5g\, OToflbaf6 d'lQm dfGb5g\ . To;}n] h;/L jfddfuL{ e|fGt 5g\, To;} u/L
z}j klg e|fGt 5g\ . logLx¿df ljz]if u/]/ sgkm§f, gfy, lu/L, k'/L, ef/tL, jg, cf/0o, kj{t /
;fu/ tyf u[x:y klg z}j x'G5g\ . sf]xL–sf]xL …b'O6} 3f]8fdfly r9\b5g\Ú cyf{t\ jfd / z}j b'O6}
dtnfO{ dfGb5g\ / slt t j}i0fjL klg /xG5g\ . pgsf–
zfQm–j}i0fjdtsf] ;dLIff -!!=@(_
cGtM zfQmf alxZz}jfM ;efdWo] r j}i0fjfM . gfgf¿kw/fM sf}nf ljr/GtLx dxLtn] ..
—of] tGqsf] Znf]s xf] -sf}nf]klgift\ tyf s'nf0f{jtGq Psfbz pNnf;_ ..
leq …zfQmÚ cyf{t\ jfddfuL{, aflx/ …z}jÚ cyf{t\ ?b|fIf e:d wf/0f ub{5g\, ;efdf …j}i0fjÚ
eGb5g\ ls xfdL lji0f'sf pkf;s xf}+ . o:tf gfgf k|sf/sf ¿k wf/0f u/]/ jfddfuL{x¿ k[YjLdf
ljr/0f ul//x]sf 5g\ .
k|Zg— j}i0fjLx¿ t /fd|f 5g\ <
pQ/— vfs /fd|f x'g] . h:tf ltgLx¿, To:t} logLx¿ klg 5g\ . x]/ j}i0fjx¿sf nLnf Û
cfk"mnfO{ lji0f'sf bf; dfGb5g\ . tL dWo]df >L j}i0fj hf] ls rqmflÍt x'G5g\, ltgLx¿n] cfk"mnfO{
;jf]{kl/ 7fGb5g\, To:tf s]xL klg xf]Ogg\ .
 k|Zg— lsg s]xL klg xf]Ogf}+ < ;a}yf]s xf}+ . x]/ Û nnf6df -lgwf/df_ gf/fo0fsf] r/0ff/ljGbsf]
;b[z ltns / aLrdf kx]+nf] /]vf …>LÚ x'lG5g\, o;} sf/0f xfdL …>Lj}i0fjÚ xf}+ eg]/ lrGb5g\ . Ps
gf/fo0fnfO{ 5f]8]/ c¿ s;}nfO{ dfGb}gf}+ . dxfb]jsf] lnËsf] bz{g klg ub}{gf}+, lsgeg] xfd|f] nnf6df
>L lj/fhdfg l5g\, pgL nlHht x'lG5g\ . cfndGbf/flb :tf]qx¿sf] kf7 ub{5f}+ . gf/fo0fsf] dGq
k"j{s k"hf ub{5f}+, df;' vfFb}gf}+, dlb/f lkpFb}gf}+, k]ml/ /fd|f s;/L ePgf}+ <
pQ/— o; ltnsnfO{ …xl/kbfs[ltÚ, o; kx]+nf] /]vfnfO{ …>LÚ dfÌ' Joy{ 5, lsgeg] of] t ltd|f]
xftsf] sf/Lu/L / nnf6sf] lrq xf], h;/L xfQLsf] nnf6df lrq–ljlrq ub{5g\ . ltd|f] nnf6df
lji0f'sf] kbsf] lr sxfFaf6 cfof] < s] sf]xL j}s'07df uP/ lji0f'sf] k}tfnfsf] lr nnf6df 5kfP/
cfof] <
ljj]sL— k]ml/, >L h8 xf] ls r]tg <
j}i0fj— r]tg xf] .
ljj]sL— To;f] eP t of] /]vf h8 x'gfn] …>LÚ xf]Og . xfdLn] ;f]W5f}+ ls >L agfOPsf] xf] ls
lagf agfOPsf] < olb lagf agfOPsf] xf] eg] t of] >L xf]Og, lsgeg] o;nfO{ ltdLn] lgTo cfˆgf]
xftn] agfpF5f} k]ml/ t >L x'g ;Sb}g . ha ltd|f nnf6df >L x'G5 eg] t sof}+ j}i0fjx¿sf g/fd|f
d'v cyf{t\ cg'xf/ lsg zf]ef/lxt b]lvG5 < x]bf{ nnf6df >L 5 t/ 3/–3/ eLs dfUb5f} / ;bfjQ{
lnP/ k]6 eb}{ lsg lkmb{5f} < of] s'/f] l;/8L / lgn{Hhx¿sf] xf], b]Vbf logsf lgwf/df >L x'G5 t/
dxfbl/b|x¿sf] sfd ub{5g\ .
oL dWo]df Ps …kl/sfnÚ gfdsf] j}i0fj eQm lyof] . To;n] rf]/L–8fFsf df/]/, 5n–sk6 u/]/,
k/fo wg x/]/, NofPsf ;a} kbfy{ j}i0fjx¿nfO{ lbP/ cfk"m k|;Ì x'g] ub{Yof] . Ps avt To;nfO{
rf]/L ug]{ kbfy{ s]xL klg ldn]g h;nfO{ n'6f];\ . Jofs'n eP/ lkmb{Yof] . gf/fo0fn] ;De]m ls d]/f]
eQmn] t b'Mv kfO/x]sf] 5 . ;]7hLsf] :j¿k wf/0f u/]/, cf}+7L cflb cfe"if0f klxl/P/, /ydf a;]/
To;sf] ;fd'Ì] cfP . ta t Tof] kl/sfn /ysf] ;fd'Ì] uof] . ;]7nfO{ eGof] ls ;a} j:q zL3| ptf/,
gq eg] dfl/lbG5' . gf/fo0fn] k'msfNbf–k'msfNb} klg cf}+7L k'msfNg a]/ nfUof] . o:tf] x'Fbf Tof]
kl/sfnn] gf/fo0fsf] cf}+nf] g} sf6]/ cf}+7L lnof] . gf/fo0f cToGt k|;Ì eP/ To;nfO{ cfˆgf] rt'e'{h
z/L/ agfP/ bz{g lbP . eg] ls ætF d]/f] a8f] lk|o eQm xf];\, lsgeg] ;a} wg df/sf6–n'6kf6–rf]/L
u/]/ j}i0fjx¿sf] ;]jf ub{5;\ o;}n] tF wGo eO;\ .Æ To;n] uP/ j}i0fjx¿nfO{ ;a} uxgf lbof] .
Ps k6s Tof] kl/sfnnfO{ s'g} ;fx"n] gf]s/ agfP/ kfgLhxfhdf a;fpFb} b]zfGt/df lnP/
uof] . jxfFaf6 hxfhdf ;'kf/Lsf e/L–e/L af]/f nflbof] . Tof] kl/sfnn] Pp6f ;'kf/Lsf] bfgf ln+b}
k'm6fn]/ cfwf agfP/ ;fx"l;t eGof] æof] d]/f] cfwf u]8f] ;'kf/L hxfhdf /flvb]pm / sfuhdf n]v]/
b]pm ls hxfhdf ePsf] cfwf ;'kf/L kl/sfnsf] xf] .Æ ;fx"n] eGof] ls ærfxG5f} eg] ltdLn] xhf/}
;'kf/L n]n .Æ kl/sfnn] eGof], ælnÌ . d To:tf] cwdL{ xf]Og, h;n] e'm6–d'6sf] lng] . dnfO{ t cfwf
dfq} rflxG5 .Æ ;fx" ;f]emf] lyof], n]v]/ lbof] . ha cfˆgf] b]zsf] aGb/ufxdf hxfh cfOk'Uof],
;'kf/Lsf af]/f ptfg{sf nflu tof/L eof], ta kl/sfnn] eGof] æd]/f] cfwf ;'kf/L dnfO{ b]pm .Æ ;fx"n]
ToxL cfwf u]8f] ;'kf/L lgsfn]/ lbg nfUof] . ta kl/sfnn] emu8f ug{ yfNof] æd]/f] t k'/} hxfhdf
cfwf ;'kf/L 5, cfwf–cfwf afF8\g]5' .Æ o; s'/fsf] /fhk'?ifx¿;Dd emu8f k'Uof] . kl/sfnn] ;fx"n]
n]v]/ lbPsf] sfuh b]vfof] ls o;df cfwf ;'kf/L lbg' eg]/ n]lvPsf] 5 . ;fx"n] y'k|} s'/f elg/fVof]
k/Gt' To;n] dfg]g . cflv/df cfwf ;'kf/L lnP/ j}i0fjx¿nfO{ ck{0f ul/lbof] . ta t j}i0fj a8f]
k|;Ì eP . ce}m;Dd klg To; 8fFs" rf]/ kl/sfnsf] d"lt{ dlGb/x¿df /fVb5g\ . of] syf eQmdfndf
n]lvPsf] 5 . a'l4dfg\x¿n] ljrf/ ug'{ ls j}i0fj, pgsf ;]js / gf/fo0f tLgj6} rf]/d08nL x'g\ ls
xf]Ogg\ < oBlk dtdtfGt/x¿df s]xL yf]/} dfqdf /fd|f] klg x'G5, tyflk p; dtdf /x]/ ;j{yf /fd|f]
klg x'g ;Sb}g .
ca h:tf] j}i0fjx¿df k'm6–6'6 leÌ–leÌ ltns s07L wf/0f ub{5g\— /fdfgGbLjfnfn]
aundf uf]kLrGbg aLrdf /ftf], lgdfjtjfnfn] b'O6} kftnf] /]vf aLrdf sfnf] laGb', dfwjjfnfn]
sfnf] /]vf, uf}8 aËfnLn] s6f/Lsf] t'No, /fdk|;fbjfnfn] b'O6} rGb|fsf/ /]vfsf] aLrdf Ps ;]tf]
uf]nf] 6Lsf, OToflb logLx¿sf syg ljnIf0f–ljnIf0f 5g\ . /fdfgGbLn] /ftf] /]vfnfO{ nIdLsf] lr /
gf/fo0fsf] Åbodf >L, s[i0frGb|hLsf] Åbodf /fwf lj/fhdfg l5g\, OToflb syg ub{5g\ .
 Pp6f syf eQmdfndf n]lvPsf] 5 . sf]xL Ps dg'io j[Ifsf] tn 5xf/Ldf ;'t]sf] lyof] .
;'Tbf–;'Tb} d¥of] . dfly xfFufaf6 sfun] lji7f ul/lbof] . Tof] lji7f v;]/ d[tssf] nnf6df
ltnsfsf/ aÌ uPsf] lyof] . ToxfF odsf b"t To;nfO{ lngsf] nflu eg]/ cfP . olQs}df lji0f'sf
b"t klg ToxfF cfOk'u] . b'O6}n] ljjfb ub{y] ls of] xfd|f] :jfdLsf] cf1f xf], xfdLn] o;nfO{ odnf]sdf
n}hfG5f}+ . lji0f'sf b"tx¿n] eg] ls æxfd|f] :jfdLsf] cf1f 5 ls o;nfO{ j}s'07df n}hfgsf] nflu .
x]/ Û o;sf] nnf6df j}i0fjL ltns 5 . ltdLn] s;/L n}hfg ;Sb5f} <Æ ta t odsf b"tx¿ r'k
nfu]/ kmls{P . lji0f'sf b"tn] ;'v;Fu To;nfO{ j}s'07df lnP/ uP . gf/fo0fn] To;nfO{ j}s'07df
/fv] . x]/ Û ha cs:dft\ ltsn aÌ hfFbfdf t o:tf] dfxfTDo 5 eg] t, h;n] cfˆg} k|Lltn] xftn]
ltns agfP/ nufpF5g\, tL g/saf6 5'6]/ j}s'07df hfG5g\ eg] t o;df s] cfZro{ eof] ÛÛ xfdLn]
;f]W5f}+ ls hfaf] ;fgf] ltns ugf{n] t j}s'07df hfG5g\ eg] t k'/} d've/L lnKgfn] jf sfnf]d'v
agfpgfn] jf z/L/e/L lnKgfn] j}s'07 eGbf klg cufl8 l;wf5{g\ ls l;wfb}{gg\ < To;}n] oL s'/fx¿
;a} Joy{ x'g\ .
ca logLx¿df klg y'k|} k'm;|]n] d'9fsf] vlnof] nufP/ w"gL tfKb}, hLpe/L v/fgL 3:b}, h§f
a9fpFb}, l;4sf] j]z wf/0f ub{5g\ . as'Nnfsf] ;dfg Wofgfjl:yt x'G5g\ . ufFhf, efË, wt"/f], r/];sf]
bd nufpF5g\, /ftf–/ftf cfFvf agfP/ /fVb5g\Ù ;a};Fu r'6\sL–r'6\sL cÌ, kL7f], t/sf/L, k};f
dfUb5g\, u[x:yx¿sf 5f]/fx¿nfO{ axsfP/ cfˆgf r]nf agfpF5g\ . w]/}h;f] dhb'/L–lga]s ug]{x¿
ltgdf x'G5g\ . s;}n] ljBf k9\g vf]Hof] eg] t To;nfO{ efFhf] xfn]/ /f]lslbG5g\, eGb5g\ ls—
kl7tJo+ tblk dQ{Jo+ bGts6fs6]lt ls+ sQ{Jod\ <
;Gtx¿nfO{ ljBf k9\gfn] s] sfd < lsgeg] ljBf k9\g]x¿ klg d/]/ hfG5g\, k]ml/ bGt–
s6fs6 lsg ug]{ < ;fw'x¿n] t rf/} wfd lkm/]/ cfpg', ;Gtx¿sf] ;]jf ug'{, /fdhLsf] ehg ug'{ .
hf] s;}n] d"v{ cljBfsf] d"lt{sf] bz{g u/]sf] 5}g eg] t log} k'm;|]x¿sf] bz{g u/]/ cfP x'G5 .
ltgLx¿sf glhs hf] sf]xL hfG5, pgnfO{ aRrf–aRrL eGb5g\, rfx] ltgLx¿ k'm;|]sf afp–cfdfs}
pd]/ ;dfgsf lsg gx'g\ . h:tf k'm;|]x¿ 5g\, To:t} ¿Fv8–;"v F 8, uf]bl8o] / hdftjfnf ;'t/];fO{,
csfnL, sfgkm§f, sfglr/f, hf]uL, cf}38 cflb ;a} Ps}vfn] x'g\ .
Pp6f k'm;|]sf] r]nf …>L u0f]zfo gdMÚ 3f]Sbf–3f]Sb} kFw]/fdf kfgL eg{sf] nflu uof] . ToxfF
kl08t al;/fv]sf] lyof] . To;n] …;|Lug];fhgd]+Ú eg]/ 3f]Sb}lyof], kl08thLn] eg] æc/] ;fw' Û cz'4
ls 3f]Sb}5f} …>L u0f]zfo gdMÚ o;/L z'4 3f]s .Æ To;n] em6 nf]xf]6f e/]/ u'?hL;Fu uP/ eGof] ls
æP aDdg d]/f] 3f]vfOnfO{ c;'4 eGb5 .Æ em6 k'm;|] p7Øf], kFw]/fdf uof], kl08tl;t eGof], æltdLn]
d]/f] r]nfnfO{ axsfpF5f} < ltdL u'?sf] n+8L s] k9]sf 5f} < x]/ ltdLn] Ps k|sf/sf] kf7 hfg]sf 5f},
xfdLn] tLg k|sf/sf hfg]sf 5f}+– …;|Lug];fhGgd]+Ú …;|Lug];foÌd]+Ú …>L ug];fo gd]+ .Æ
kl08t— ;'g ;fw'hL Û ljBfsf] s'/f] clt sl7g x'G5, lagf k9] cfpFb}g .
k'm;|]— hfpm–hfpm, ;a} ljåfg\nfO{ xfdLn] /u8 dfl/;Sof}+, h;nfO{ efËdf 3f]6]/ Ps ;sf]{df
;a} p8fOlbof}+ . ;Gtx¿sf] 3/ 7"nf] 5 . ltdL aRrfn] s] hfGb5f} <
kl08t— x]/ Û olb ltdLn] ljBf k9]sf x'GYof} eg] t o:tf] ckzAb lsg af]NYof} < ;a} k|sf/sf]
ltdLnfO{ 1fg x'g hfGYof] .
k'm;|]— hfpm–hfpm, ltdL xfd|f u'? aGb5f} < ltd|f pkb]z xfdLn] ;'Gb}gf}+ .
kl08t— ;'Gb5f} sxfFaf6 < a'l4 g} 5}g . pkb]z ;'Ì–;Demgsf] nflu ljBf rflxG5 .
k'm;|]— h;n] ;a} j]b–zf:qnfO{ k9Øf] t/ ;GtnfO{ dfg]g eg] t hfÌ' ls To;n] s]xL klg
k9]g .
kl08t— xf], xfdLn] ;Gtx¿sf] ;]jf ub{5f}+ k/Gt' ltdLh:tf x'b{ËfnfO{ xf]Og . lsgeg] …;GtÚ
;Hhg, ljåfg\, wfld{s, k/f]ksf/L k'?ifx¿nfO{ eGb5g\ .
k'm;|—] x]/ Û xfdL /ft lbg gfË} /xG5f}+, w"gL tfKb5f}+, ufFhf–r/];sf] ;os8f}+ bd nufpF5f}+,
tLg–tLg nf]xf]6f efË lkpF5f}+, ufFhf–efË–wt"/fsf] kftsf] t/sf/L agfP/ vfG5f}+, ;ÎL / clkmdnfO{
klg r6 lglnlbG5f}+, gzfdf us{ /ft–lbg a]ud /xG5f}+, b'lgofFnfO{ s]xL ;DemÌf}, eLs dfu]/ e'ª\u|]
/f]6L cfuf]df kf]n]/ vfG5f}+, /fte/L o:tf] vf]sL p7\5, hf] glhsdf ;'Tb5 To;nfO{ lgb|f slxNo}
cfpFb}g, OToflb l;l4x¿ / ;fw"kg xfdLdf 5, k]ml/ ltdLn] xfd|f] lgGbf lsg ub{5f} < r]t aRr" Û
h;n] xfdLnfO{ lbSs kfb{5, xfdLn] To;nfO{ e;d ul/lbg]5f}+ .
 kl08t— oL ;a} nIf0f c;fw', d"v{ / uju{08x¿sf x'g\, ;fw'x¿sf xf]Ogg\ . ;'g Û …;fWgf]lt
k/fl0f wd{sfof{l0f ; ;fw'MÚ h;n] wd{o'Qm pQd sfd ub{5, ;bf k/f]ksf/df k|j[Q /xG5, s'g} b'u'{0f
h;df x'Fb}g, ljåfg\, ;Tof]kb]zn] ;a}sf] pksf/ ub{5, To;nfO{ …;fw'Ú eGb5g\ .
k'm;|— ] hfpm–hfpm Û ltdLn] ;fw'sf] sd{ s] hfGb5f} < ;Gtx¿sf] 3/ 7"nf] 5 . s'g} ;Gt;Fu
kËf gn]pm . gq eg] t x]/ Û lrD6f p7fP/ dfg]{5, 6fpsf] kmf]l/lbg]5 .
kl08t— P== xf] /== k'm;|] Û hfpm cfˆgf] cf;gdf, d;Fu w]/} gl/;fpm . yfxf 5 lg /fHo s:tf]
5 < s;}nfO{ df¥of} eg] kqmfpdf kg]{5f}, sf/fjf; ef]Ug'kg]{5, a]tsf] nÝLsf] s'6fO{ vfg]5f} jf s;}n]
ltdLnfO{ g} dfl/b]nf, clg s] ug]{5f} < of] ;fw'sf] nIf0f xf]Og .
k'm;|— ] lgSn–lgSn Û s'g /fIf;sf] d'v b]lvof] <
kl08t— ltdLn] slxNo} s'g} dxfTdfsf] ;Ë u/]gf}, gq t o:tf] h8 d"v{ x'g] lyPgf} .
k'm;|]— xfdL cfk}m dxfTdf xf}+ . xfdLnfO{ s'g} bf];|fsf] uh{ 5}g .
kl08t— h;sf] efUo k'm6]sf] x'G5, ltgsf] ltd|f] h:t} a'l4 / cledfg x'G5 .
k'm;|] uof] cfˆgf] cf;gdf, / kl08t uP 3/ . ha ;GWofsf] cf/tL eof] . ta To; k'm;|] nfO{
a"9f] ;De]m/ y'k|} c¿ k'm;|]x¿n] …808f]t–b08f]tÚ eGb} ;fi6fË u/]/ a;] . To; k'm;|]n] ;f]Wof], æc/]
/fdbfl;of Û t}+n] s] k9]sf] 5;\ <Æ
/fdbf;— dxf/fh Û d}n] …j]:g';x;/ gfdÚ k9]sf] 5' .
k'm;|]— æc/] uf]ljGbbfl;o] Û t}+n] s] k9]sf] 5;\ <Æ
uf]ljGbf;— d}n] …/fd;tj/fhÚ k9]sf] 5', cd's k'm;|];Fuaf6 . ta /fdbf;n] eGof] ls
ædxf/fh Û tkfO{+n] s] k9\g'ePsf] 5 <Æ
k'm;|— ] d}n] uLtf k9]sf] 5' .
/fdbf;— sf] ;Fuaf6 <
k'm;|–] hf 5f]q]m Û d}n] s;}nfO{ u'? agfpFlbg . x]/ Û d …k/fu/fhÚ df a:y]+ . dnfO{ cVv/
cfpFÌyf] . ha s'g} nfdf] wf]tLjfnfnfO{ b]Vy]+ ta uLtfsf] uf]6s]dfb]lv ;f]Wy]+ ls o; snËLjfnf
cVv/sf] gfd s] xf] < o;/L g} ;f]Wbf–;f]Wb} cÝfx| cWofo uLtf /u8 df/]+ . u'? Pp6fnfO{ klg
agfOg .
x]/ Û o:tf ljBfsf zq'x¿nfO{ cljBfn] 3/ agfP/ ga;] sxfF hfg] t <
logLx¿ lagf gzf, k|dfb, n8\g', vfg', ;'Tg', emfFem lk6\g', zÎ 306 ahfpg', w"gL lrtf
hnfpg', g'xfpg', w'g', ;a} lbzfx¿df Joy}{ 3'd–lkm/ ug'{, l;jfo cGo s]xL klg /fd|f] sfd ub}{gg\ .
a? s;}n] 9'ËfnfO{ kufNg ;Snf t/ oL k'm;|]x¿sf] cfTdfnfO{ af]w u/fpg sl7g 5 . lsgeg] ax'wf
ltgLx¿ z"b|j0f{, lga]sL, ls;fg, el/of cflb cfˆgf] dhb'/L 5f]8]/ v/fgL 3;]/ /dfpFb} j}/fuL, k'm;|f
cflb aÌ hfG5g\, ltgLx¿n] ljBf jf ;T;Ë cflbsf] dxfTDo a'‰b}gg\ . oL dWo]df gfyx¿sf dGq
…gdM lzjfoÚ . k'm;|fx¿sf] …g[l;+xfo gdMÚ . /fdfjtx¿sf …>L/fdrGb|fo gdMÚ cyjf …;Ltf/fdfEof+
gdMÚ . s[i0ff]kf;sx¿sf …>L/fwfs[i0ffEof+ gdMÚ …gdf] eujt] jf;'b]jfoÚ / aËfnLx¿sf …uf]ljGbfo
gdMÚ . oL dGqx¿nfO{ sfgdf k'mlslbP dfq klg lzio agfpF5g\ / o:tf–o:tf lzIff lbG5g\ ls,
aRrf Û t'Dafsf] dGq k9—
hn kljt/ ;yn kljt/ cf}/ kljt/ s'cf . lzj sx] ;'g kfj{tL t"Daf kljt/ x'cf ..
—-/fd:g]xwd{k|sfz #() t"DafdGq, /fdk6n k[i7 #_ ..
st}, o:tf] of]Uotf ;fw' jf ljåfg\ x'g cyjf hut\sf] pksf/ ug{sf] nflu slxNo} x'g
;Sb5 < k'm;|fn] /ft–lbg bfp/f, 5fgf] / d'9f hf]t]/ kf]ln/fv]sf x'G5g\ . Ps dlxgfdf sof}+ ?k}ofFsf]
bfp/f k'mls/fv]sf x'G5g\ . hxfF Ps dlxgfsf] bfp/fsf] d"Noaf6 sDanflb j:q lnof] eg] t ztf+z
wgaf6 cfgGbdf /xg ;Sb5g\ . logLx¿df olt a'l4 sxfFaf6 knfpg] < / cfk"mnfO{ p;} w"gLdf
tkfpgfn] g} tk:jL gfd /f]v]sf 5g\ . olb o; k|sf/af6 tk:jL xf]OG5 eg] t hËnL dg'io oL
eGbf klg clws tk:jL x'G5g\ . n§f kfNg], v/fgL 3:g], ltns nufpg] ugf{n] tk:jL x'G5g\ eg] t
;a}n] ug{ ;Sg] lyP . logLx¿ aflx/sf Tofu:j¿kL / leqsf dxf;+u|xL x'G5g\ .
saL/kGysf] ;dLIff -!!=#)_
k|Zg— saL/kGyL t /fd|f x'G5g\ <
pQ/— x'Fb}gg\ .
 k|Zg— lsg /fd|f x'Fb}gg\ < kfiff0fflb d"lt{k"hfsf] v08g ub{5g\ . saL/ ;fxa k"mnaf6 pTkÌ
eP / cGtdf klg k"mn g} x'g uP . a|Xdf, lji0f', dxfb]jsf] hGd ePsf] lyPg, ta klg saL/ ;fxa
lyP . a8f l;4, h'g s'/fnfO{ j]b, k'/f0fn] klg hfGb}gg\, To;nfO{ saL/n] hfGb5g\ . ;fFrf] af6f] 5,
;f] saL/n] g} b]vfPsf x'g\ . logsf] dGq …;Togfd saL/Ú cflb xf] .
pQ/— kfiff0fflbnfO{ 5f]8]/ knË, u2L–lz/fgL, v/fpm, …Hof]ltÚ cyf{t\ bLk cflbnfO{ k"Hg'
kfiff0fd"lt{ k"Hg'b]lv Go"g xf]Ogf} . s] Tof] k"mnsf] d'h'/f jf y'Ëfdf a:g] ls/f] lyof] < h'g k"mnaf6
pTkÌ eof] < / cGtdf klg k"mn aGof] <
oxfF h'g of] s'/f ;'lgG5 ls, ToxL ;fFrf] x'g ;Sb5 ls sf]xL bhL{ sfzLdf a:bYof] . To;sf
5f]/f lyPgg\ . Ps ;do /ftsf] s]xL cFw]/f]df ahf/ hfFb} lyof], crfgs b]Vof] ls ;8ssf] lsgf/fdf
k"mnsf] 6f]s/Lleq k"mnsf] dfemdf To;} /flt hlGdPsf] afns lyof] . To;nfO{ bhL{n] p7fP/ nUof] .
nu]/ cfˆgL >LdtLnfO{ lbof] / kfng–tfng u¥of] . ha x'ls{P/ 7"nf] eof] To;n] klg bhL{sf] sfd
ub{Yof] . s'g} kl08t;Fu ;+:s[t k9\g eg]/ uof] . kl08tn] To;sf] ckdfg u¥of] . eGof] ls, æd}n]
bhL{nfO{ k9fpFlbg .Æ o;} k|sf/ sof}+ kl08tx¿sxfF k'Uof], k/Gt' s;}n] To;nfO{ k9fPgg\ . ta
pm6k6fË efiff agfP/ bhL{ cflb tNnf ju{sf dfG5]x¿nfO{ ;Demfpg yfNof] . v}+h8L lnP/ ufpFYof],
ehg agfpFYof] . ljz]if u/]/— kl08t, zf:q, j]bx¿sf] lgGbf ug]{ ub{Yof] . s]xL d"v{ dfG5]x¿ p;sf]
hfndf km;] . ha Tof] d¥of], To;sf dfG5]n] To;nfO{ l;4 agfOlbP . h'g–h'g p;n] hLpFbf] x'Fbf
agfPsf] lyof], To;nfO{ To;sf r]nfn] k9\b} uP . sfg y'Gbf h'g zAb ;'lgG5 To;nfO{ …cgxtÚ zAb
l;4fGt 7x¥ofOlbP . dgsf] j[lQnfO{ …;'/ltÚ eGb5g\ . To;nfO{ To; zAb ;'Ìdf nufpg', To;}nfO{
;Gt / k/d]Zj/sf] Wofg eGb5g\ . jxfF sfn k'Ug ;Sb}g . aN5Lsf] t'No ltns / rGbgflb sf7sf]
s07L afFW5g\ . o;nfO{ ljrf/ u/]/ x]g'{xf];\ ls o;df cfTdfsf] pÌlt / 1fg s] a9\g;Snf < of] dt
s]6fx¿sf] v]nh:tf] nLnf 5 .
gfgskGysf] ;dLIff -!!=#!_
k|Zg— k+hfa b]zdf …gfgshLÚ n] Pp6f dfu{ rnfP . lsgeg] pgn] klg d"lt{sf] v08g
ub{y] . d';ndfg x'gaf6 arfP . pgL ;fw' klg ag]gg\ lsGt' u[x:y alg/fv] . x]/ Û pgn] of] dGq
pkb]z u/]sf 5g\ ls, o;}af6 ljlbt x'G5 ls pgsf] cfzo /fd|f] lyof]—
cf]+ ;Togfd sQf{ k'?if lgef]{ lgj}{/ csfnd"t{ chf]lg ;xe+ u'? k|;fb hk,
cflb ;r, h'uflb ;r, x} eL ;r, gfgs xf];L eL ;r .. —hkhL kf}8L ! ..
-cf]#d\_ h;sf] ;To gfd xf], jxL stf{, k'?if, eo / j}//lxt …csfnd"lt{Ú hf] sfndf / h'lgdf
cfpFb}g, k|sfzdfg 5, p;s} hk u'?sf] s[kfaf6 u/ . Tof] k/dfTdf cflbdf ;fFrf] lyof], h'ux¿sf]
cflbdf ;fFrf], jt{dfgdf ;fFrf] / x'g]5 klg ;fFrf] .
pQ/— gfgshLsf] cfzo t /fd|f] lyof], k/Gt' ljBf s]xL klg lyPg . xf], efiff To; b]zsf]
h'g ls ufpFsf] xf], To;nfO{ hfGby] . j]bflb zf:q / ;+:s[t slQ klg hfGb}gy] . olb hfg]sf x'Gy]
eg] t …lge{oÚ zAbnfO{ …lgef]{Ú lsg n]Vby] < / o;sf] b[i6fGt pgn] agfPsf] …;+:s[tL :tf]qÚ 5 .
rfx]sf lyP ls d}n] klg ;+:s[tdf …kfp /fv"FÚ k/Gt' lagf k9] ;+:s[t s;/L cfpg ;Sb5 < xf], tL
u|fdL0fx¿sf] ;fd'Ì] ls h;n] ;+:s[t slxNo} klg ;'g]sf lyPgg\ …;+:s[tLÚ agfP/ ;+:s[tsf klg
kl08t aÌ uP xf]nfg\ . o:tf s'/f cfˆgf] dfg, k|lti7f / cfˆgf] k|VoftLsf] OR5f lagf slxNo} ug]{
lyPgg\ . pgnfO{ cfˆgf] k|lti7fsf] OR5f cjZo lyof]Ù gq eg] t h:tf] efiff hfGby], To:t} eGb}
/fVy] / of] klg elglbg] lyP ls d}n] ;+:s[t k9]sf] 5}g . ha s]xL cledfg lyof] t dfg–k|lti7fsf]
nflu s]xL b+e klg u/] xf]nfg\ . To;}n] pgsf] u|Gydf hxfF–txfF j]bx¿sf] lgGbf / :t'lt klg 5,
lsgeg] olb o:tf] ub}{gy] eg] t pgLl;t klg s;}n] j]bsf] cy{ ;f]Wg]lyof]Ù ha cfpFb}gYof] ta
k|lti7f gi6 x'GYof] . To;}n] klxnf g} cfˆgf lziox¿sf ;fd'Ì] sxL+–sxL+ j]bx¿sf] lj?4 af]Nby] /
sxL+–sxL+ j]bx¿sf nflu /fd|f] klg eg]sf 5g\ . lsgeg] olb sxL+ /fd|f] eGb}gy] eg] t dfG5]n]
pgnfO{ gfl:ts agfpg] lyP . h:t}—
j]b k9t a|Xdf d/] rf/f]+ j]b sxflg . ;Gt sL dlxdf j]b g hfgL ..
—-;'vdgL ci6kbL &, kb *_ ..
a|Xd1fgL cfk k/d]Zj/ .. —;'vdgL ci6kbL *, kb ^_ ..
 s] j]b k9\g]x¿ d/]/ uP / gfgshL cflb cfk"mnfO{ cd/ ;DemFGy] < s] pgL d/]gg\ < j]b t
;a} ljBfx¿sf] e08f/ xf] . k/Gt' h;n] rf/} j]bx¿nfO{ sxfgL eGb5, To;sf ;a} s'/f sxfgL x'g \ .
hf] d"v{x¿sf] gfd ;Gt x'G5, tL lar/fn] j]bx¿sf] dlxdf slxNo} hfÌ ;Sb}gg\ . olb gfgshLn]
j]bx¿sf] g} dfg ub{y] eg] t pgsf] ;Dk|bfo rNg] lyPg, g t pgL u'? g} aÌ ;Sg] lyP . lsgeg]
;+:s[t ljBf t k9]sf g} lyPgg\ eg] bf];|fnfO{ k9fP/ lzio s;/L agfpg ;Sby] <
of] ;fFrf] xf] ls h'g ;dodf gfgshL k+hfadf ePsf lyP, To; ;dodf k+hfa ;+:s[t–
ljBfaf6 ;j{yf /lxt / d';ndfgx¿af6 kLl8t lyof] . To; ;dodf pgn] s]xL dfG5]x¿nfO{ arfP .
gfgshLsf] ;fd'Ì] s]xL pgsf ;Dk|bfo jf w]/} lzio e};s]sf lyPgg\ . lsgeg] cljåfg\x¿df of]
rfn x'G5 ls d/]k5fl8 pgnfO{ l;4 agfpF5g\, kZrft\ y'k|} dfxfTDo u/]/ O{Zj/s} ;dfg dfÌ
yfNb5g\ .
xf] Û gfgshL 7"nf wgL–dfgL klg lyPgg\, k/Gt' pgsf r]nfx¿n] …gfgsrGb|f]boÚ /
…hGdzfvLÚ cflbdf a8f] l;4 / 7"nf P]Zjo{jfnf lyP eg]/ n]v]sf 5g\ . gfgshL a|Xdf cflbl;t
ldn]/ y'k|} s'/fx¿ u/], ;a}n] lognfO{ dfg u/], gfgshLsf] ljjfxdf y'k|} 3f]8f, /y, xfQL, ;'g, rfFbL,
df]tL, kÌf cflb /Tgx¿n] ;h]sf / cd"No /Tgx¿sf] s'g} kf/fjf/ lyPg, n]v]sf 5g\ . enf, of]
ukmf}8f geP s] xf] t < o;df logsf r]nfx¿sf] bf]if 5, gfgshLsf] xf]Og .
bf];|f]— hf] pgsf] z]ifkl5 pgsf 5f]/faf6 pbf;L rn], / /fdbf; cflbaf6 lgd{n] . sof}+
u2Ljfnfx¿n] efiff agfP/ u|Gydf /fv]sf 5g\ . cyf{t\ logsf u'? uf]ljGbl;+xhL bzf}+ eP . logsf]
kl5 To; u|Gydf s;}n] efiff ldnfPsf 5}gg\, lsGt' jxfF;Dd hlt ;fgf–;fgf k':ts lyP, tL
;a}nfO{ Pp6}df hDdf u/]/ uftf r9fOlbP . logLx¿n] klg gfgshLsf] k5fl8 y'k|} efiff agfP .
sltn] t gfgf k|sf/sf] k'/f0fx¿s} ldYof syfs} t'No agfP . k/Gt' …a|Xd1fgL tkfO{+ k/d]Zj/Ú ag]/
To;dfly sd{ pkf;gf 5f]8]/ logsf lzio e'mSb} cfP, o;}n] w]/} lau|g uof] . gq t, gfgshLn] s]xL
elQm– ljz]if u/]/ O{Zj/sf] n]v]sf lyP, To;nfO{ cFufNb} cfPsf] eP t /fd|f] lyof] .
clxn] pbf;L eGb5g\ æxfdL 7"nfÆ, lgd{n] eGb5g\ æxfdL 7"nfÆ, csfnL tyf ;"t/];fO{
eGb5g\ ls æxfdL ;jf]{kl/ xf}+ .Æ
logLx¿df uf]ljGbl;+xhL z"/jL/ lyP . h'g d';ndfgx¿n] pgsf k'vf{x¿nfO{ w]/} b'Mv lbPsf
lyP, ltgLx¿l;t j}/ lng rfxGy], k/Gt' logL;Fu s]xL ;fdfu|L lyPg / ptf d';ndfgx¿sf]
afbzfxL k|Hjlnt e}/x]sf] lyof] . logn] Pp6f k'/Zr/0f u/fP . k|l;l4 u/] ls ædnfO{ b]jLn] j/ /
v8\u lbPsL 5g\ ls ltdL d';ndfgx¿;Fu n8, ltd|f] ljho x'g]5 .Æ y'k|} dfG5]x¿ pgsf ;fyL ag]
/ pgn], h;/L jfddfuL{x¿n] …k~r dsf/Ú, rqmflÍtx¿n] …k~r ;+sf/Ú rnfPsf lyP, To;/L g}
…k~r ssf/Ú cyf{t\ logsf k~r ssf/ o'4sf pkof]uL ;fdfu|L lyP .
Ps– …s]zÚ cyf{t\ h;nfO{ /fVgfn] n8fO{+df nÝL / tnjf/af6 s]xL arfj6 x'g ;sf];\ .
bf];|f]– …s+u0fÚ h'g lz/dfly ku8Ldf csfnLx¿n] /fVb5g\ / xftdf …s8fÚ h;af6 xft /
6fpsf] aRg ;sf];\ .
t];|f]– …sf5Ú cyf{t\ 3'F8fb]lv dfly ls h'g Ps hfF3] bf}8g / s'b\gdf /fd|f] x'G5, w]/} h;f] u/]/
cvf8dNn -s':tL_ / g6 klg o;nfO{ wf/0f ub{5g\ ls h;af6 z/L/sf] dd{:yn 5f]lkof];\ /
c8\sfp gxf];\ .
rf}yf]– …s+ufÚ ls h;af6 s]z ;'w|G5 .
kfFrf}+– …sfr"Ú -s[kf0f_ ls h;af6 zq';Fu e]6–e8\Ssf x'Fbfdf n8fO{+df sfd cfcf];\ .
o;}n] of] /Llt uf]ljGbl;+xhLn] cfˆgf] a'l4dQfaf6 To; ;dosf] nflu lnPsf lyP . casf]
o; ;dodf To;nfO{ /fVg' vfz} pkof]uL b]lv+b}g . k/Gt' klxn] h'g o'4sf] k|of]hgsf] nflu s'/fx¿
st{Jo lyP, ltgnfO{ cfhef]ln wd{sf] :yfgdf dfg]sf 5g\ .
d"lt{k"hf t ub}{gg\ k/Gt' p; eGbf ljz]if u|Gysf] k"hf ub{5g\, s] of] d"lt{k"hf xf]Og < s'g}
h8 kbfy{sf] ;fd'Ì] 6fpsf] lgx'/fpg' jf To;sf] k"hf ug'{ ;a} d"lt{k"hf xf] . h;/L d"lt{jfnfx¿n]
cfˆgf] bf]sfg hdfP/ hLljsf 7f8f] u/]sf 5g\, To;/L g} logLx¿n] klg u/]sf 5g\ . h;/L
k'hf/Lx¿n] d"lt{sf] bz{g u/fpF5g\, e]6L r9fpg nufpF5g\ . To;/L g} gfgskGyLx¿ u|Gysf] k"hf
ub{5g\–u/fpFb5g\, e]6L klg r9fpg nufpF5g\ . cyf{t\ d"lt{k"hfjfnfn] hlt j]bsf] dfGotf ub{5g\,
Tolt oL u|Gy;fxajfnfn] ub}{gg\ . xf], of] eÌ ;lsG5 ls logLx¿n] j]bx¿nfO{ g t ;'g] g t b]v],
s] u¿g\ < olb ;'Ì / b]Vgdf cfPdf t a'l4dfgLx¿ hf] ls x7L–b'/fu|xL 5}gg\ ;a} ;Dk|bfojfn]
j]bdtdf cfpF5g\ . k/Gt' oL ;a}n] ef]hgsf] av]8f w]/} x6fOlbPsf 5g\ . h;/L o;nfO{ x6fP, To;/L
g} ljifof;lQm / b'/ledfgnfO{ klg x6fP/ j]bdtsf] pÌlt u/] t, w]/} /fd|f] s'/f] xf] .
bfb"/fd, /fd:g]x kGysf] ;dLIff -!!=#@_
k|Zg— bfb"kGyLsf] dfu{ t /fd|f] 5 <
pQ/— /fd|f] t j]bdfu{ xf], h;nfO{ ;dfpg ;Sof} eg] t ;dfpm, gq t ;bf uf]tf vfO/fVg]
5f} . logsf] dtdf bfb"hLsf] hGd u'h/ftdf ePsf] lyof] . k'gM hok'/ glhs} …cfd]/Ú df a:by] .
t]nLsf] sfd ub{y] . O{Zj/sf] ;[li6sf] ljlrq nLnf 5 ls bfb"hL klg k'lhg nfu] . ta j]bflb
zf:qx¿sf ;a} s'/fnfO{ 5f]8]/ …bfb"/fd–bfb"/fdÚ df g} d'lQm dfÌ yfn] . ha ;Tof]kb]zs x'Fb}g ta
o:tf–o:tf g} av]8f lg:sg] ub{5g\ .
yf]/}dfq lbg ePsf] 5 ls Ps …/fd:g]xLÚ dt zfxk'/af6 rn]sf] 5 . tL ;a} n] j]bf]Qm wd{nfO{
5f]8]/ …/fd–/fdÚ k'sf/L /fv]sf 5g\ . p;}df 1fg, Wofg, d'lQm dfg]sf 5g\ . k/Gt' ha ef]s nfUb5,
…/fdgfdÚ af6 /f]6L lg:sFb}g, lsgeg] vfgkfg cflb t u[x:yx¿sf 3/df g} ldNb5 . ltgLx¿n] klg
d"lt{k"hfnfO{ lwSsfb{5g\ k/Gt' cfk"m :jo+ d"lt{ aGb}5g\ . :qLx¿sf ;Ëdf w]/} /xG5g\, lsgeg],
/fdhL–/fdsLsf] lagf cfgGb g} ldNg ;Sb}g .
ca yf]/} ljz]if /fd:g]xL dtsf] ljifodf n]Vb5'—
Ps …/fdfr/0fÚ gfds ;fw' ePsf] 5, h;sf] dt d'Vo u/]/ …zfxk'/fÚ :yfg d]jf8af6 rn]sf]
5 . ltgLx¿ …/fd–/fdÚ ug{nfO{ g} k/ddGq / o;}nfO{ l;4fGt dfGb5g\ . logLx¿sf] Pp6f u|Gy ls
h;df ;Gtbf;hL cflbsf jf0fL 5g\, o:tf] n]Vb5g\—
pgLx¿sf jrg
e/d /f]u ta xL ld6Øf, /6Øf lg/+hg /fO .
ta hd sf sfuh km6Øf, s6Øf s/d ta hfO .. —-;'d/0fsf] cË !&_ ..
ca a'l4dfgLx¿n] ljrf/ ug'{xf];\ ls …/fd–/fdÚ ugf{n] e|d hf] ls c1fg xf], jf od/fhsf]
kfkfg's"n zf;g cyjf ul/Psf] sd{ slxNo} 5'6\g ;Sb5 ls ;Sb}g < of] s]jn dg'ionfO{ kfkdf
km;fpg' / dg'io hGdnfO{ gi6 ul/lbg' xf] . ca logsf h'g d'Vo u'? lyof] …/fdr/0fÚ, To;sf
jrgx¿—
dxdf gf+j k|tfk sL, ;'0ff} ;/j0f lrt nfO . /fdr/0f /;gf /6f}, qmd ;sn em8 hfO ..!..
lhg lhg ;'ld/Øf gf+j s"+, ;f] ;a pt/Øf kf/ . /f+dr/0f hf] aL;/Øf, ;f] xL hd s] åf/ ..@..
/f+d ljgf ;a e"m7 atfof] ..
/f+d eht 5"6Øf ;a qmDdf . r+b c? ;"/ b]O k/sDdf .
/f+d sx] ltg s"+ e} gfxL+ . tLg nf]s d]+ sL/lt+ ufxL+ ..
/f+d /6t hd hf]/ g nfu} ..
/f+d gfd lnif ky/ t/fO{ . eult x]lt cf}tf/ xL w/xL ..
p+mr gLr s'n e]b larf/} . ;f] tf] hgd cfk0ff] xf/} ..
;Gtf+ s} s'n bL;} gfxL+ . /f+d /f+d sx /f+d ;Dxf+xL+ ..
P];f] s'0f hf] sL/lt ufj} . xl/ xl/hg sf} kf/ g kfj} ..
/f+d ;+tf+ sf cGt g cfj} . cfk cfksL a'l4 ;d ufj} .. —-gfdk|tfk_ ..
ca logsf v08g
k|yd t /fdr/0f cflbsf] u|Gy x]gf{n] ljlbt x'G5 ls of] u|fdL0f Ps ;Lwf ;fbf dg'io lyof] .
g To;n] s]xL k9]sf] lyof], gq eg] t o:tf] uk8rf}y lsg n]VYof] < of] s]jn logLx¿sf] e|d xf] ls
/fd–/fd eÌfn] sd{ 5'6]/ hfG5 . s]jn logLx¿ cfˆgf] / csf{sf] hGd gi6 ub{5g\ .
hdsf] eo t a8f] ef/L 5, k/Gt' /fhl;kfxL, rf]/, 8fFs", Jof3|, ;k{, laR5L / nfdv'§] cflbsf]
eo slxNo} 5'6\b}g . rfx] /ft lbg /fd–/fd u/] klg, s]xL klg x'g] 5}g . h;/L …lrgL–lrgLÚ eGb}df
d'v dL7f] x'Fb}g, To;/L g} ;Toefif0fflb wd{ u/] lagf /fd–/fd ugf{n] s]xL klg x'Fb}g, / olb /fd–/fd
ubf{, logsf /fdn] ;'Gb}g eg] t hGd–e/L eg] klg ;'Ì] 5}g / olb ;'Gb5 eg] t bf];|f] k6s klg
/fd–/fd eÌ Joy{ 5 . logLx¿n] cfˆgf] k]6 eg{ / c¿sf] hGd klg gi6 ug{sf] nflu Pp6f kfv08
78ØfPsf 5g\ . ce}m xfdLn] a8f] cfZro{ ;'g]sf 5f}+ / b]v]sf 5f}+ ls gfd t /fv]sf 5g\ …/fd:g]xLÚ /
sfdrflx+ ub{5g\ /fF8L:g]xLsf], hxfF x]/ jxfF /fF8L g} /fF8Ln] ;Gtx¿nfO{ 3]l//x]sf 5g\ . olb o:tf–
o:tf kfv08 rNb}gYof] eg] t cfof{jQ{ b]zsf] b'b{zf lsg x'GYof] < logLx¿n] cfˆgf r]nfx¿nfO{
h"7f] VjfpF5g\, :qLx¿ nDk;f/ k/]/ b08jt\ k|0ffd ub{5g\ . PsfGtdf klg :qLx¿sf / ;fw'x¿sf
nLnf rln/fv]sf] x'G5 .
ca logsf] bf];|f] zfvf …v]8fkfÚ u|fd df/jf8 b]zaf6 rn]sf] 5 . To;sf] Oltxf;— Pp6f
/fdbf; gfds hfltsf] cwd a8f] rnfv lyof] . To;sf b'O6L >LdtLx¿ lyP . Tof] k|yd w]/}
lbg;Dd c3f}8 ag]/ s's'/x¿sf] ;fydf vfO/Xof] . kl5 jfdL s"08fkGyL . k]ml/ kl5 …/fdb]jÚ sf]
sfdl8of! aGof] . cfˆgL b'O6} :qLx¿sf] ;fydf ufpFYof] . o;/L 3'Dbf–3'Db} …;LynÚ@ df cwdsf] u'?
…/fdbf;Ú lyof], p;nfO{ e]6Øf] . p;n] To;nfO{ …/fdb]jÚ sf] kGy atfP/ cfˆgf] r]nf agfof] . To;
/fdbf;n] v]8fkf u|fddf cfˆgf] 7fpF agfof] / o;sf] dt otf rNof], ptf zfxk'/fdf /fdr/0fsf] dt
rNof] .
To;sf] klg Oltxf; o:tf] ;'lgPsf] 5 ls Tof] hok'/sf] algof+ lyof] . To;n] …bf+t8fÚ u|fddf
Ps ;fw'sf] j]if lnof] / p;nfO{ u'? agfof] / zfxk'/df cfP/ cfˆgf] c•f hdfof] . ef]n] dg'iox¿df
kfv08sf] h/f] l56f] ufl8G5, ufl8of] . oL ;a}df dflysf] /fdr/0fsf] jrgsf] k|df0fn] r]nf agfP/
pr–gLrsf] s]xL e]b 5}g . a|fXd0fdb]lv lnP/ cGToh ko{Gt o;df r]nf aGb5g\ . clxn] klg
s"+8fkGyLaf6} 5g\, lsgeg] df6fsf] cf/Ldf g} vfG5g\ / ;fw'x¿sf] h"7f] klg vfG5g\, j]b wd{af6,
dftf, lktfnfO{ ;+;f/sf] Jojxf/af6 axsfP/ 5'6fpFb} r]nf agfpF5g\ / /fd gfdsf] dxfdGq dfGb5g\Ù
/ o;}nfO{ …5'R5dÚ# j]b klg eGb5g\ . /fd–/fd eÌfn] cgGt hGdx¿sf] kfk 5'6]/ hfG5g\, o;sf]
lagf d'lQm s;}sf] x'Fb}g .
h;n] Zjf; / k|Zjf;sf] ;fydf /fd–/fd eÌ l;sfpF5, To;nfO{ ;Tou'? eGb5g\ /
;Tou'?nfO{ k/d]Zj/ eGbf klg 7"nf] dfGb5g\ / To;sf] d"lt{sf] Wofg ub{5g\ . ;fw'sf r/0f wf]P/
lkpF5g\ . ha u'?b]lv r]nf 6f9f x'G5 ta u'?sf] gª / bf/Lsf /pF cfk"m;Fu /fVb5g\ . To;sf]
r/0ffd[t lgTo lnG5g\, /fdbf; / x//fdbf;sf] jf0fLsf] k':tsnfO{ j]b eGbf klg clws dfGb5g\ .
To;sf] kl/qmdf / cf7 b08jt\ k|0ffd ub{5g\ / olb u'? ;dLkdf 5 eg] t u'?nfO{ b08jt\ k|0ffd
ub{5g\ . :qL jf k'?ifnfO{ …/fd–/fdÚ Ps};/L pkb]z ub{5g\, gfd:d/0faf6 sNof0f dfGb5g\, / k9\gdf
kfk ;DemFG5g\ . pgLx¿sf] ;fvL—
k+8tfO kfg] k8L, cf] k"/a nf] kfk . /fd–/fd ;'d/Øf+ ljgf+, /OUof} /Ltf] cfk ..!..
j]b k'/f0f k9] k9 uLtf, /f+dehg lag /O uP /Ltf ..
o:tf–o:tf k':ts agfPsf 5g\ . :qLnfO{ kltsf] ;]jfdf kfk / u'?–;fw'sf] ;]jfdf wd{
atfpF5g\ . j0ff{>dnfO{ dfGb}gg\ . hf] a|fXd0f /fd:g]xL 5}g eg] t gLr, / rf08fn /fd:g]xL ePdf
t To;nfO{ pQd dfGb5g\ .
clxn] O{Zj/sf] cjtf/ dfGb}gg\ / /fdr/0fsf] jrg h'g dfly n]v]/ cfOof] ls—
eult x]lt cf}tf/ xL w/xL ..
;Gtx¿sf] lxt cjtf/nfO{ klg dfGb5g\, OToflb kfv08–k|k~r logsf] hlt 5, ;f] ;a}
cfof{jQ{ b]zsf] clxtsf/s xf] . oltaf6} a'l4dfg\x¿n] w]/} s'/fx¿ a'‰g]5g\ .
uf]s'lno] uf]:jfdLdtsf] ;dLIff -!!=##_
k|Zg— uf]s'lno] uf];f+O{x¿sf] dt t clt /fd|f] 5 . x]/ Û s:tf] P]Zjo{ ef]Ub5g\ . s] of] P]Zjo{
nLnfsf] lagf x'g;Sb5 <
pQ/— of] P]Zjo{ u[x:yx¿sf] xf], uf];f+O{x¿sf] s]xL klg xf]Og .
k|Zg— jfx–jfx Û uf];f+O{x¿sf k|tfkn] ePsf] xf] . lsgeg] o:tf] P]Zjo{ c¿nfO{ lsg
ldNb}g <
pQ/— csf{n] klg o:t} 5n k|k~r /r]df t P]Zjo{ ldNgdf s] ;Gb]x 5 / < olb logLx¿
eGbf clws w"t{tf u/] t clws P]Zjo{ x'g klg ;Sb5 .
!= /fhk"tfgfdf …rdf/Ú x¿ u]?jf j:q /ËfP/ …/fdb]jÚ cflbsf] uLt h;nfO{ pgLx¿n] …zAbÚ eGb5g\,
rdf/ / cGo hfltx¿x¿nfO{ ;'gfpF5g\, ltgLx¿nfO{ …sfdl8o]Ú eGb5g\ .
@= …;LynÚ hf]wk'/sf] /fHodf Pp6f 7"nf] ufpF 5 .
#= 5'R5d cyf{t\ ;"Id .
 k|Zg— jfx hL jfx Û o;df s] w"t{tf 5 < ;a} uf]nf]ssf] nLnf xf] .
pQ/— uf]nf]ssf] nLnf xf]Og lsGt' uf];f+O{x¿sf] nLnf xf] . olb uf]nf]ssf] nLnf xf] eg] t
uf]nf]s klg o:t} xf]nf .
of] dt …t}nËÚ b]zaf6 rn]sf] xf] . lsgeg] Pp6f t}nËL nId0fe§ gfds a|fXd0f ljjfx u/]/
s'g} sf/0fn] dftf, lktf / :qLnfO{ 5f]8]/ sfzLdf uP/ To;n] ;+Gof; lnPsf] lyof] / e'm6f] af]n]sf]
lyof] ls d]/f] ljjfx ePsf] 5}g . b}jof]un] To;sf dftf, lktf / :qLn] ;'g] ls sfzLdf uP/ ;+Gof;L
ePsf] 5 c/] . To;sf dftf, lktf / :qL sfzLdf k'u]/ h;n] p;nfO{ ;+Gof; lbPsf] lyof], To;nfO{
eg] ls æxfd|f] k'qnfO{ lsg ;+Gof;L agfO;\ < x]/ Û o;sL of] o'jtL :qL xf] .Æ :qLn] egL ls æolb
d]/f] kltnfO{ d;Fu k7fpFb}gf} eg] dnfO{ klg ;+Gofl;gL agfOb]pm .Æ ta t To;nfO{ af]nfP/ eg] ls
ætF t a8f] ldYofjfbL /x]5;\ . ;+Gof; 5f]8]/ u[xf>d u/Ù lsgeg] t}+n] e'm6f] af]n]/ ;+Gof; lnPsf]
5;\ .Æ To;n] k'gM To:t} u¥of] . ;+Gof; 5f]8]/ hf]O{kf]O ldn]/ lx+8] .
x]/ Û o; dtsf] d"n g} e'm6–sk6af6 rn]sf] 5 . ha t}nË b]zdf uP, To;nfO{ cfˆgf]
hfltdf s;}n] lnPgg\ . jxfFaf6 lgSn]/ 3'Dg yfn] . …r/0ffu{9Ú h'g ls sfzLsf] glhs kb{5,
hfFbfhfFb} To;}sf] glhs …rDkf/0oÚ gfds hËndf k'u] . ToxfF s'g} Pp6f s]6f]nfO{ hËndf 5f]8]/
rf/}lt/af6 6f8f–6f9f cfuf] ;NsfP/ 5f]l8lbPsf] lyof] . lsgeg] 5f]8\g]jfnfn] klg of] ;De]msf] lyof]
ls— cfuf] nufOg eg] t clxNo} s'g} hgfj/n] dfg]{5 . nIfd0fe§ / p;sL :qLn] To; s]6fnfO{
lnP/ cfˆgf] k'q agfP . k]ml/ sfzLdf uP/ a;] . ha s]6f] 7"nf] x'Fb} uof] ta To;sf cfdf–afpsf]
z/L/ 5'6Øf] . sfzLdf afNoj:yfb]lv o'jfj:yf;Dd s]xL k9\b} klg u¥of], k]ml/ Ps lji0f':jfdLsf]
dlGb/df r]nf aGof] . ToxfF s]xL v6k6 k/]sf] x'gfn] Tof] k]ml/ sfzLdf uof] / ;+Gof; lnof] . k]ml/ s'g}
To:t} g} hfltalxis[t a|fXd0f sfzLdf a:bYof] . To;sL 5f]/L o'jtL lyO{ . To;n] s]6fnfO{ eGof]
æt}+n] ;+Gof;nfO{ 5f]8]/ d]/L 5f]/Ll;t ljjfx u/]/ 3/hd a;f .Æ To;} u¥of] . h;sf] afpn] h:tf]
nLnf u/]sf] lyof] To:t} k'qn] lsg gug]{ < To; :qLnfO{ lnP/ jxL+ uof] hxfF k|yd lji0f':jfdLsf]
dlGb/df r]nf ePsf] lyof] . ljjfx u/]sf] x'gfn] ToxfFaf6 To;nfO{ lgsflnlbP . k]ml/ a|hb]zdf hxfF
ls cljBfn] 3/ agfP/ /fv]sf] 5, uP/ cfˆgf] k|k~r cg]s k|sf/sf] 5n–o'lQmx¿ k}mnfpg yfNof] /
eÌ yfNof] ls d;Fu s[i0fn] eg]sf 5g\ ls æhf] uf]nf]sb]lv …b}jLhLjÚ dTo{nf]sdf cfPsf 5g\,
ltgLx¿nfO{ a|Xd;DaGw cflbn] kljq u/]/ uf]nf]sdf k7fpg" .Æ OToflb k|nf]egsf s'/f atfP/ yf]/}
dfG5]x¿ cyf{t\ *$ rf}/f;L j}i0fj agfof] /
>Ls[i0fM z/0f+ dd ..!..
of] dGq bl/b|x¿sf nflu agfof] .
bf];|f]— SnL+ s[i0ffo uf]kLhgjNnefo :jfxf ..@..
—x]g'{xf];\ -uf]kfn;x;|gfd tyf kßk'/f0f ^÷pQ/ v08÷cWofo &@÷Znf]s !@@_ ..
oL b'O{ ;fwf/0f dGq x'g\, k/Gt' cufl8sf] of] lgDgf]QmnfO{ a|Xd;DaGw / ;dk{0fsf] dGq
eGb5g\—
>Ls[i0fM z/0f+ dd ;x;|kl/jT;/ldtsfnhfts[i0fljof]uhlgttfkSn]zfgGtlt/f]efjf]˜x+ eujt]
s[i0ffo b]x]lGb|ok|f0ffGtMs/0ft4df{+Zr bf/uf/k'qfKtljQ]xk/f0ofTdgf ;x ;dKk{ofld bf;f]˜x+ s[i0f
tjfl:d ..
o; dGqsf] pkb]z u/]/ lziox¿nfO{ ;dk{0f u/fpF5g\ . …snL+ s[i0ffo]ltÚ— of] …SnL+Ú tGq
u|Gys} xf] . o;af6 ljlbt x'G5 ls of] jNne dt klg jfddfuL{x¿s} e]b xf] . To;}n] :qL;Ë
uf];f+O{x¿ ax'wf ub{5g\ . …uf]kLjNne]ltÚ— s] s[i0f uf]kLx¿s} dfq lk|o lyP, cGosf xf]Ogg\ <
:qLx¿sf lk|o Tof] x'G5 hf] …:q}0fÚ cyf{t\ :qL ef]udf km;]sf] 5 . s] >Ls[i0fhL o:t} lyP <
ca …;x;|kl/jT;/]ltÚ— ;x;| jif{x¿sf] u0fgf Joy{ 5, lsgeg] jNne / p;sf lzio sf]xL
;j{1 xf]Ogg\ . s[i0fsf] ljof]u ;x;| jif{b]lv eof] / cfh clxn]sf] jNnesf] dt Tolt j]nf lyPg .
cyf{t\ g t jNne hGd]sf] lyof], p;sf] k"j{ cfˆgf b}jL hLjx¿sf] p4f/ ug{sf] nflu lsg cfPg <
…tfkÚ / …Sn]zÚ oL b'O6} kof{ojfrL zAb x'g\ . oL dWo]df Pssf] u|x0f ug{ plrt lyof],
b'O6fsf] xf]Og . …cgGtÚ zAbsf] kf7 ug{ Joy{ 5, lsgeg] hxfF cgGt zAb 5 eg] t …;x;|Ú sf] kf7
ug{ x'Fb}g / olb cgGtsfnb]lv xf] eg] …lt/f]lxtÚ cyf{t\ cfR5flbt /xG5, p;sf] d'lQmsf] nflu
jNnesf] x'g' Joy{ 5, lsgeg] cgGtsf] cGt x'Fb}g .
 enf Û b]x]lGb|o, k|f0ffGtMs/0f / p;sf] wd{, :qL, k'q, k|fKtwgsf] ck{0f s[i0fnfO{ lsg ug]{ <
lsgeg] s[i0f k"0f{sfd x'gfn] s;}sf] b]xflbsf] OR5f ug{ ;Sb}gg\ / b]xflbnfO{ ck{0f ug'{ klg x'g
;Sb}g, lsgeg] b]xflbsf] ck{0fn] gvlzvfu|ko{Gt b]x elgG5 . To;df h]–hlt /fd|f]–g/fd|f] j:t' 5,
dn d"qflbnfO{ klg s;/L ck{0f ug{ ;Sb5f} < / h'g kfk–k'0o¿k sd{ x'G5g\, ltgnfO{ s[i0ffk{0f
ugf{n] To;sf kmnefuL klg s[i0f g} x'g]5g\ cyf{t\ gfd t s[i0fsf] lnG5g\ / ck{0f cfk"maf6
u/fpF5g\ . h]–hlt b]xdf dnd"qflb x'G5 Tof] klg uf];f+O{hLnfO{ lsg ck{0f x'Fb}g < …s] dL7f]–dL7f]
u8Kk / tLtf]–tLtf] y"Ú < / of] klg n]v]sf] 5 ls uf];f+O{hLnfO{ ck{0f ug'{ cGo dtjfnfnfO{ xf]Og .
of] ;a} :jfy{–l;Gw'kg / k/fo wgflb xg]{ / j]bf]Qm wd{–gfz ug{sf] nflu nLnf /r]sf 5g\ . x]g'{xf];\ Û
of] jNnesf] nLnf—
>fj0f:ofdn] kIf], PsfbZof+ dxflgzL . ;fIffb\eujtf k|f]Q+m tbIf/z pRot] ..!..
a|Xd;DaGws/0fft\ ;j]{iff+ b]xhLjof]M . ;j{bf]iflgj[lQlx{ bf]iffM k~rljwfM :d[tfM ..@..
;xhf b]zsfnf]Tyf nf]sj]blg¿lktfM . ;+of]uhfM :kz{hfZr g dGtJofM sbfrg ..#..
cGoyf ;j{bf]iff0ff+ g lgj[lQM sy~rg . c;dlk{tj:t"gf+ t:dfåHh{gdfr/]t\ ..$..
lgj]lbleM ;dKo}{j ;j{+ s'of{lblt l:yltM . g dt+ b]jb]j:o :jflde'lQm;dKk{0fd\ ..%..
t:dfbfbf} ;j{sfo]{ ;j{j:t';dKk{0fd\ . bQfkxf/jrg+ tyf r ;sn+ x/]M ..^..
g u|fXoldlt jfSo+ lx leÌdfu{k/+ dtd\ . ;]jsfgf+ oyf nf]s] Jojxf/M k|l;Wolt ..&..
tyf sføo{+ ;dKo}{j ;j]{iff+ a|Xdtf ttM . uËfTj] u'0fbf]iff0ff+ u'0fbf]ifflbj0f{gd\ ..*..
oL Znf]sx¿ uf];f+O{x¿sf …l;4fGt/x:oflbÚ u|Gyx¿df n]lvPsf 5g\ . oxL g} uf];f+O{sf dtsf]
d"n tŒj xf] . enf, logLx¿;Fu s;}n] ;f]w"g\ ls >Ls[i0fsf] b]xfGt ePsf] s]xL sd kfFr xhf/ jif{
laTof] . >Ls[i0f jNnenfO{ >fj0f df;sf] cfwL /ftdf s;/L ldNg ;s] < ..!.. hf] uf];f+O{sf] r]nf
x'G5 / u'?nfO{ ;a} kbfy{sf] ;dk{0f ub{5, To;sf] z/L/ / hLjsf] ;a} bf]ifx¿sf] lgj[lQ x'g hfG5 .
oxL jNnesf] k|k~r g} d"v{x¿nfO{ axsfP/ cfˆgf] dtdf n}hfg] xf] . olb uf];f+O{sf r]nf–r]nLx¿sf
;a} bf]if lgj[Q x'g hfG5 eg] t /f]u–bfl/b|Øflb b'Mvx¿af6 lsg kLl8t /xG5g\ < / tL bf]if kfFr
k|sf/sf x'G5g\ ..@.. Ps— ;xh bf]if cyf{t\ h'g …:jfefljsÚ sfd–qmf]wflbaf6 pTkÌ x'G5g\ . bf];|f]—
s'g} b]z, sfndf gfgf k|sf/sf] kfk ul/Psf] x'G5 . t];|f]— nf]sdf h;nfO{ eIofeIo eGb5g\ /
j]bf]Qm h'g ls ldYofefif0fflb x'g\ . rf}yf]— …;+of]uhÚ h'g ls g/fd|f] ;Ëtaf6 cyf{t\ rf]/L, hf/L,
dftf, elugL, sGof, k'qjw", u'?kTgL cflb;Fu ;+of]u ug{af6 ePsf] . kfFrf}+— …:kz{hÚ c:kz{gLox¿sf]
:kz{ ug{af6 ePsf] . oL kfFr bf]ifx¿nfO{ uf];f+O{x¿sf dtjfnfn] slxNo} gdfÌ] cyf{t \ oy]i6frf/
ug]{ ..#.. …c¿ s'g} k|sf/n] bf]ifx¿sf] lgj[lQ x'Fb}g, lagf uf];f+O{hLsf dtsf] . o;}n] lagf ;dk{0f
u/]sf] kbfy{x¿nfO{ uf];f+O{sf r]nfx¿n] ef]Ub}gg\ .Ú To;}n] logsf r]nfn] cfˆgL :qL, sGof, k'qjw" /
wgflb kbfy{x¿ klg ;dlk{t ul/lbG5g\ . k/Gt' ;dk{0fsf] lgod of] 5 ls ha;Dd uf];f+O{hLsf]
r/0f;]jfdf ;dlk{t x'Fb}gg\ ta;Dd p;sf] :jfdLn] :j:qLnfO{ :kz{ gug]{ ..$.. o;}n] uf];f+O{x¿sf
r]nf ;dk{0f u/] kZrft\ cfˆgf]–cfˆgf] kbfy{sf] ef]u ub{5g\, lsgeg] :jfdLsf] ef]usf] kZrft\ ;dk{0f
x'g ;Sb}g ..%.. o;}n] k|yd ;a} sfdx¿df ;a} j:t'x¿sf] ;dk{0f ug]{ . k|yd uf];f+O{hLnfO{ efof{lb
;dk{0f u/]/ kZrft\ cfk"mn] u|x0f ug]{, To;} u/L xl/nfO{ ;Dk"0f{ kbfy{ ;dk{0f u/]/ cfk"mn] u|x 0f
ug]{ ..^.. uf];f+O{hLsf] dtb]lv leÌ dfu{sf] jfSonfO{ uf];f+O{sf lzion] slxNo} klg g;'Ì], slxNo} u|x0f
gug]{, oxL pgsf lziox¿sf] Jojxf/ k|l;4 5 ..&.. To;/L g} ;a} j:t'x¿sf] ;dk{0f u/]/ ;a}sf]
aLrdf a|Xda'l4 ug]{ . To;k5fl8 h;/L uËfdf cGo hn ldn]/ uËf¿k x'g hfG5, To;/L g} cfˆgf]
dtdf u'0f / csf{sf] dtdf bf]ifsf] j0f{g ug]{ u/f];\ ..*..
ca lng'xf];\ ls of] Û uf];f+O{x¿sf] dt ;a} dtx¿b]lv clws cfˆgf] k|of]hg l;4 ug]{jfnf
xf] . enf, uf];f+O{x¿nfO{ s;}n] ;f]wf];\ ls a|Xdsf] Ps nIf0f klg ltdLn] hfGb}gf} eg] t lziox¿nfO{
a|Xd;DaGw s;/L ug{ ;Sb5f} < olb egf}nf ls xfdL g} a|Xd xf}+, xfd|f] ;fydf ;DaGw x'gfn]
a|Xd;DaGw x'g hfG5 . To;f] eP ltdLdf a|Xdsf] u'0f–sd{–:jefj Pp6f klg 5}g, k'gM s] ltdL
s]jn ef]u–ljnf;sf] nflu dfq a|Xd ag]sf xf} <
enf Û lzio / lziofx¿nfO{ t ltdLn] cfk"mdf ;dlk{t u/fP/ z'4 ub{5f} k/Gt' ltdL / ltd|L
efof{, sGof, k'qjw" tyf k'qflb c;dlk{t /xgfn] cz'4 /xg uof} ls uPgf} < olb c;dlk{t j:t'nfO{
cz'4 dfGb5f} eg] t ltdL cz'4 lsg xf]Ogf} < o;}n] ltdL / ltd|L efof{ / k'qflb cGosf] ;fy
;dlk{t x'g'kb{5 ls kb}{g < olb egf}nf ls kb}{g ta t cGonfO{ cfˆgf] ;fy ;dlk{t lsg ub{5f} <
o;}n] ltd|f nflu of] plrt x'G5 ls j]bdtnfO{ dfg / k|k~rflb g/fd|f sfdx¿nfO{ 5f]8, h;af6
o; nf]s / k/nf]ssf] z'l4 eP/ cfgGb ef]u .
logn] cfˆgf ;Dk|bfonfO{ …k'li6 dfu{Ú eGb5g\ cyf{t\ vfg]+–lkpFg], k'i6 x'g]+, ;a} :qLx¿;Fu
oy]i6 ef]u–ljnf; ug]{ . k/Gt' ha eu+b/flb -lel/ËL_ /f]u nfUb5 t oxL dt ;fIfft\ g/s dfu{
aGb5 . a8f] cfZro{sf] s'/f 5 ls o:tf–o:tf kz'jt\ qmL8f ug]{x¿sf klg dt ;+;f/df rln/fv]sf]
5 . sxfF;Dd n]v"F logLx¿sf ;a} nLnf o;/L g} zf:qlj?4 kfkj4{s 5g\ .
o;} k|sf/ ldYofhfn /r]/ lar/f ef]n–] efn] dg'iox¿nfO{ hfndf km;fP/ cfk"mnfO{ >Ls[i0f
dfGb} ;a}sf] :jfdL aGb5g\ . o:tf] eGb5g\ ls æhlt klg b}jL hLj uf]nf]saf6 cfPsf 5g\,
ltgLx¿sf] p4f/ ug{sf] nflu xfdL nLnf k'?iff]Qd hGd]sf xf}+ . ha;Dd xfd|f] pkb]z ln+b}gg\
ta;Dd uf]nf]ssf] k|flKt x'Fb}g . jxfF Ps >Ls[i0f k'?if / afFsL ;a} :qLx¿ 5g\ .Æ
jfx hL jfx Û /fd|f] dt /x]5 ÛÛ uf];f+O{x¿sf hlt r]nf 5g\, tL ;a} uf]lkgLx¿ aÌ hfg]5g\ .
enf h'g Ps k'?ifn] b'O6L :qL /fv]sf] x'G5, To;sf] a8f] b'b{zf x'G5 eg] t hxfF Ps k'?if / s/f]8f}+
:qL Pssf] k5fl8 nfu]sf 5g\, To;sf] b'Mvsf] kf/} 5}g . olb egf}nf ls >Ls[i0fdf 7"nf] ;fdYo{ 5,
;a}nfO{ k|;Ì ub{5g\ eg] t p;sL :qL h;nfO{ :jfldgLhL eGb5g\, p;df klg >Ls[i0fs} t'No
;fdYo{ 5 xf]nf, lsgeg] Tof] p;sL c4f{lËgL xf] . h;/L oxfF :qL k'?ifsf] sfdr]i6f t'No cyjf k'?if
eGbf :qLsf] clws x'G5 eg] t uf]nf]sdf lsg gxf]nf < olb o:tf] 5 eg] t cGo :qLx¿ /
:jfldgLhLsf] cToGt n8fO{+ klg x'G5 xf]nf, lsgeg] ;kTgLefjsf] h/f] w]/} g/fd|f] x'G5 . k'gM uf]nf]s
:ju{sf] abnf g/sjt\ eof] xf]nf, cyjf h;/L w]/} :qLufdL k'?if euGb/flb /f]ux¿n] kLl8t /xG5,
To:t} uf]nf]sdf klg 5 xf]nf . o:tf] uf]nf]s eGbf t dTo{nf]s g} /fd|f] 5 .
x]/ Û h;/L oxfF uf];f+O{hL cfk"mnfO{ s[i0f dfGb5g\, y'k|} :qLxsf] ;Ën] euGb/ k|d]xflb
/f]ux¿n] kLl8t 5g\ eg] t clxn] h;sf :j¿k …uf];f+O{Ú kLl8t x'G5g\ eg] t uf]nf]ssf :jfdL
>Ls[i0f oL /f]ux¿af6 kLl8t lsg 5}gg\ xf]nf < / olb 5}gg\ eg] t pgsf :j¿k uf];f+O{ lsg
kLl8t x'G5g\ <
k|Zg— dTo{nf]sdf nLnfjtf/ wf/0f ugf{n] /f]u–bf]if x'G5, uf]nf]sdf x'Fb}g, lsgeg] jxfF /f]u–
bf]if 5}g .
pQ/— …ef]u] /f]ueod\Ú [et[{xl/ j}/fUozts, Znf]s ##] hxfF ef]u x'G5, ToxfF /f]u cjZo
x'G5 . / >Ls[i0fsf s/f]8f}+–s/f]8 :qLx¿sf ;Gtfg x'G5g\ ls x'Fb}gg\ < olb x'G5g\ eg] t 5f]/f–5f]/f
dfq} x'G5g\ ls 5f]/L–5f]/L < cyjf b'O6} < hlt 5f]/Lx¿ x'G5g\ ltgsf] ljjfx sf]l;t x'G5 xf]nf <
lsgeg] jxfF bf];|f] sf]xL k'?if 5}g, olb bf];|f] 5 eg] t ltd|f] k|lt1f–xflg x'g uof], / s]6fx¿sf]
ljjfx sxfF x'G5 xf]nf < cyjf 3/}df ljjfx ub{5g\ < cGosf 5f]/fx¿ 5g\ eg] klg ltd|f] k|lt1f
…uf]nf]sdf Pp6} dfq >Ls[i0f k'?ifÚ gi6 x'g hfg]5 / olb ;Gtfg x'Fb}–x'Fb}gg\ eg] t s[i0f cyjf
pgsL :qLx¿sf z/L/df jLo{xLgtf jf aGWofkg bf]if x'g]5 . Tof] uf]nf]s s] xf], hfg lbNnLsf]
afbzfxsL :jf:gLx¿sf] ;]gf Û
k]ml/ uf];f+O{x¿ tg–dg–wg cfk"mdf ck{0f lzio / lziofx¿nfO{ u/fpFb5g\ . h'g z/L/ xf]
Tof] ljjflxt :qL / kltnfO{ ;dk{0f x'g hfG5 / dg klg k]ml/ bf];|f] k'?ifnfO{ ;dk{0f x'g ;Sb}g, olb
x'g ;Sb5 eg] t Tof] :qL b'O{ kltjfnL eP/ Jolerfl/0fLdf ulgG5] . / h'g gvlzvfu|z/L/
u';f+O{hLnfO{ ck{0f xf] eg] t To;df pTkÌ ePsf wft', dn, d"qflb klg u';f+O{hLnfO{ ck{0f e};Sof] /
wgsf] ck{0f o;sf] nflu ub{5g\ ls sdfpg] r]nf ef]Ug] uf];f+O{ . hlt uf];f+O{ 5g\, tL clxn];Dd
t}nËsf] hfltdf 5}gg\, hf] s;}n] lognfO{ 5f]/L lbG5, Tof] klg hfltafXo eP/ e|i6 x'g hfG5,
lsgeg] oL hfltaf6 kltt ul/Psf / ljBfxLg /ft–lbg k|dfbdf /xG5g\ .
k]ml/ x]/ Û ha sf]xL lognfO{ kw/fjgL -u'?k"hf_ ub{5g\ ta uP/ r'krfk sf7sf] k'tnLe}+m
a:b5g\, g af]Ng' g rfNg' . lsgeg] af]nf];\ ta g} ha d"v{ x'Fb}g . …d"vf{0ff+ an+ df}gd\Ú d"v{x¿sf]
an df}gdf x'G5, olb af]Nof] eg] t To;sf] kf]n vf]lnG5, k/Gt' :qLx¿lt/ v'a tfls/fVb5, h;nfO{
uf];f+O{hLn] x]/] Tof] :qL, p;sf] klt, efO, aGw', dftf, lktf a8f] k|;Ì x'G5g\ . ;a} :qLx¿n] uf]8f
5'G5g\ . h;dfly uf];f+O{hLsf] dg nfU5 To;sf] xft uf]8fsf] cf}+nfn] bafpF5 . Tof] :qL / To;sf
;DaGwLx¿n] cfˆgf] wGoefu ;DemG5g\ / To;sf klt cflbn] To; :qLnfO{ eGb5g\ ls tF
uf];f+O{hLsf] r/0f;]jfdf hf . / hxfF sxL+ To;sf klt cflb k|;Ì x'Fb}gg\, jxfF b"ltgL s'l6gLx¿af6
sfd l;4 ub{5g\ . ;fFRr} ;f}W5f} eg] t o:tf sfd ug]{ u/fpg]jfnf pgsf dlGb/ / pg};Fu eF8'jfkg
ug]{jfnf w]/} 5g\ .
ca logLx¿sf] blIf0ffsf] nLnf cyf{t\ e]6L o;/L dfUb5g\ ls— uf];f+O{hLnfO{, a'xf/LhLnfO{,
nfnfhLnfO{, 5f]/LhLnfO{, d'lvofhLnfO{, aflx/LofhLnfO{, uj}ofhLnfO{, 7fs'/hLnfO{ e]6 L Nofpm eGb},
oL ;ft bf]sfgaf6 v'a dfn dfb{5g\ . ha s'g} pgsf] ;]js dg{ nfUb5 ta To;sf] 5ftLdf uf]8f]
5'jfP/, h] ldNb5 Tof] uf;f+O{n] lnG5g\ . s] of] dxfa|fXd0f / sl6{ofsf], d'bf{jnLsf] bfg xf]Og < s;}–
s;}n] ljjfxdf klg uf];f+O{nfO{ af]nfpF5g\ / s]6f–s]6Lsf] kfl0fu|x0f u/fpF5g\, sf]xL–sf]xL ;]js ha
…s]zl/of :gfgÚ cyf{t\ uf];f+O{hLsf] z/L/df :qLx¿n] s]z/sf] pa6g -n]kg_ nufP/ Pp6f 7"nf]
efF8fdf k§f nufP/ uf];f+O{hLnfO{ :qL–k'?ifn] ldn]/ :gfg u/fpF5g\, k/Gt' ljz]if u/]/ :qLn] :gfg
u/fpF5g\ . k'gM ha uf];f+O{hL lktfDa/ klx/]/ v/fpmdf v'§f /fv]/ aflx/ lg:sG5g\ / wf]tL p;}df
kl6\slbG5g\ . To; hnsf] cfrdg p;sf ;]jsn] ub{5g\, / /fd|f] d;fn]bf/ kfg la8L uf];f+O{hLnfO{
lbG5g\ . To;nfO{ rafP/ s]xL lgN5g\, z]if Ps rfFbLsf] s6f}/fdf p;sf ;]jsn] d'v cufl8
/flvlbG5g\, To;}df jslnlbG5g\ . To;sf] klg k|;fbL afFl8G5 h;nfO{ …vfz k|;fbLÚ eGb5g\ .
ca ljrf/ ug'{xf];\ ls logLx¿ s:tf vfnsf dg'io x'g\ < h'g d"9tf / cgfr/ x'G5 eg] t
oltdfq} xf]nf / Û y'k|}sf ;dk{0f lnG5g\ . To; dWo]df sltn] t j}i0fjx¿sf xftaf6 dfq} vfG5g\
cGosf] xf]Og . sltn] t cfˆg} xftn] dfq agfPsf] vfG5g\, bfp/f] / bflanf] ;d]t w'G5g\ k/Gt' kL7f],
u'F8, lrgL, £o" cflb wf]P lagf :kz{ lau|g hfG5 . s] u¿g\ lar/fn] Û olb lognfO{ wf]Pdf t kbfy{ g}
u'dfpg' kb{5 . ltgLx¿ eGb5g\ ls xfdLn] 7fs'/hLsf] /Ë, /fu, ef]udf y'k|} wg nufOlbG5f}+, k/Gt'
tL /Ë, /fu, ef]u cfk}mn] ub{5g\ / ;fFRr} egf}+ eg] t ToxfF a8f–a8f cgy{ x'G5g\ . cyf{t\ xf]nLsf]
;dodf lkRsf/L e/]/ :qLx¿sf c:kz{gLo cjojx¿df dfb{5g\ / /;ljqmo a|fXd0fsf] nflu lglif4
sd{ xf] To;nfO{ klg ub{5g\ .
k|Zg— u';f+O{hL /f]6L, bfn, s9L, eft, d7/L, n8\8' cflb a]Rb}gg\ lsGt' cfˆgf gf]s/–
rfs/x¿nfO{ kQn -b'gf / 6k/Ldf_ afFl8lbG5g\, ltgLx¿n] a]Rb5g\, uf];f+O{hLn] xf]Og .
pQ/— olb uf];f+O{hLn] pgLx¿nfO{ dfl;s tnasf] ¿kdf k};f lbg] xf] eg] t ltgLx¿n]
kQn g} lsg lnGy] < uf];f+O{hL cfˆgf gf]s/x¿sf] xft bfn–eft cflb gf]s/Lsf] abnfdf a]Rb5g\ /
ltgLx¿n] aflx/ a]Rb5g\ . olb uf];f+O{hLn] aflx/ a]Ry] eg] t gf]s/ hf] a|fXd0fflb 5g\, ltgLx¿ t
/;ljqmo bf]ifaf6 aRg] lyP, PSn} uf];f+O{hL dfq} /;ljqmosf] kfkdf km:g] lyP . k|yd cfk"m km;] /
cGonfO{ klg km;fP, sxL+–sxL+ gfyåf/f cflbdf uf];f+O{hLn] klg a]Rb5g\ . /;ljqmo ug'{ gLrx¿sf]
sfd xf], pQdx¿sf] xf]Og . o:tf–o:tf dfG5]x¿n] o; cfof{jQ{sf] cwf]ult ul/lbPsf 5g\ .
:jfdL gf/fo0fdtsf] ;dLIff -!!=#$_
k|Zg— æ:jfdLgf/fo0fsf]Æ dt s:tf] 5 <
pQ/— …ofb[zL zLtnf b]jL, tfb[zf] jfxg v/MÚ h:tf] wgx/0fflbdf uf];f+O{ nLnf 5, To:t} g}
:jfdLgf/fo0fsf] klg 5 .
h'g …;xhfgGbÚ cof]Wofsf] glhs Pp6f u|fddf hGd]sf] lyof], Tof] a|Xdrf/L ag]/ u'h/ft,
sfl7ofjf8, sR5e'h cflb b]zx¿df lkmb{Yof] . p;n] b]Vof] ls of] b]z d"v{ / ef]nf 5, h;/L rfx]
klg logLx¿nfO{ cfˆgf] dtdf e'msfpg' kb{5 . To;n] b'O{ rf/ lzio agfof] . ltgLx¿n] cfk;df
;Ddlt u/]/ k|l;4 u/] ls ;xhfgGb gf/fo0fsf] cjtf/ a8f] l;4 5 , rt'e'{h ag]/ bz{g klg lbG5 .
Ps k6s sfl7ofjf8df s'g} …sf7LÚ cyf{t\ h;sf] gfd …bfbfvfr/Ú lyof] . u9\8fsf] e"ldof
-hldGbf/_ lyof] . To;nfO{ lziox¿n] eg] ls æltdLn] rt'e'{h gf/fo0fsf] bz{g ug{ rfxG5f} eg] t
xfdL ;xhfgGbhL;Fu k|fy{gf u/f}+ <Æ To;n] eGof]– æclt /fd|f] s'/f] xf] .Æ Tof] ef]nf dfG5] lyof] .
Pp6f sf]7/Ldf ;xhfgGb d's'6 wf/0f u/]/ zΖrqm cfˆgf] xftdf dflylt/ wf/0f u¥of] / Ps bf];|f]
dfG5]n] p;sf] k5fl8 pleP/ ubf–kß cfˆgf] xftdf lnP/ ;xhfgGbsf] afx'nf eGbf cufl8 xft
lgsfn]/ rt'e'{hsf] t'No ag–7g u/]/ b]vfP . bfbfvfr/;Fu pgsf r]nfx¿n] ;DemfpFb} eg] ls æPs
k6s cfFvf p3f/]/ x]g"{ clg t'?Gt} cfFvf lrlDnxfNg" / otflt/ lgl:sxfNg" . olb w]/}a]/;Dd x]l//fVof}
eg] t gf/fo0fn] sf]k ug]{5g\ .Æ cyf{t\ r]nfx¿sf] dgdf t lyof] ls xfd|f] sk6sf] k/LIff gu/f];\ .
tL lziox¿n] To;nfO{ Tof] algagfp 7fpFdf nu], Tof] ;xhfgGb sf/Lu/Lsf ;fdfu|Ln] ;lh;hfp /
rDsFbf] /]zdL j:q wf/0f u/]/ a;]sf] lyof] . cFw]/f] sf]7/Ldf plePsf] lyof] . To;sf r]nfx¿n]
crfgs nfn6]gn] sf]7f pHofnf] kf/] . bfbfvfr/n] cfFvf p3f/]/ x]bf{ t rt'e'{h d"lt{sf] ¿kdf b]Vof],
r]nfx¿n] t'?Gt} aQL 5]lslbP . tL ;a} lgx'/]/ gd:sf/ ub}{ bf];|f]lt/af6 aflx/ lgl:sP / To;} j]nf
cfjfh ;'gfP ls æltdL wGo efUo eof} . ca ltdL dxf/fhsf] r]nf ag .Æ To;n]– æx'G5 d aG5'Æ
eGof] . ha;Dd kms]{/ bf];|f] :yfgdf k'Ubf t j:q abn]/ ;xhfgGb cfˆgf] u2Ldf al;/fv]sf] lyof] .
ta r]nfx¿n] p;nfO{ eg] ls æx]/ Û ca bf];|f] :j¿k wf/0f u/]/ oxfF a:g'ePsf] 5 .Æ
Tof] bfbfvfr/ logsf] hfndf km:g k'Uof] . ToxL+b]lv logsf] dtsf] h/f] ufl8g k'Uof] lsgeg]
Tof] Pp6f 7"nf] e"ldof -hldGbf/_ lyof] . ToxL+ cfˆgf] h/f] u8fof] . k'gM otf–plt 3'Db} klg /Xof],
;a}nfO{ pkb]z ub{Yof], y'k|}nfO{ ;fw' klg agfof] . slxn]sflx+ ;fw'sf] s07sf] gf8LnfO{ dn]/ d"l5{t
klg kfl/lbGYof] / ;a};Fu eGbYof] ls d}n] lognfO{ ;dflw r9fOlbPsf] 5' . o:tf–o:tf w"t{tfdf
sfl7jf8sf ef]n] dfG5]¿ To;sf] k]rdf km:g uP . ha Tof] d¥of] ta To;sf r]nfx¿n] y'k|} kfv08
k}mnfP .
o;df of] b[i6fGt plrt x'g]5 ls— h:t} Pp6f rf]/L ubf{ub}{ /Ë]xft klqmof] . GofofwLzn]
To;sf] gfs sf6\gsf] nflu b08 ;'gfP . ha To;sf] gfs sfl6of] ta Tof] w"t{ gfRg, ufpg / xfF:g
yfNof] . dfG5]x¿n] ;f]w] ls ætF lsg xfF;]sf] 5;\ <Æ To;n] eGof]— æs;}nfO{ eÌ x'Fb}g ÛÆ k]ml/
dfG5]x¿n] ;f]w]— æo:tf] s'grflx+ s'/f] 5 <Æ To;n] eGof]— æa8f] ef/L cfZro{sf] s'/f] 5, d}n] o:tf]
t slxNo} b]v]sf] lyOgF .Æ dfG5]x¿n] eg]— æeg\–eg\ Û s] s'/f] xf] <Æ To;n] eGof] æd]/f] ;fd'Ì]
;fIfft\ rt'e'{h gf/fo0f pleg'ePsf] 5 . d}n] b]v]/ a8f] k|;Ì x'Fb} gfRg]–ufpg] / cfˆgf] efUonfO{
wGojfb lbPsf] 5' ls d}n] gf/fo0fsf] ;fIfft\ bz{g ul//x]sf] 5' .Æ dfG5]x¿n] eÌyfn]— æxfdLnfO{
lsg bz{g ePsf] 5}g <Æ To;n] eGof] ls— ægfsn] 5]ls/x]sf] 5 . olb gfs s6fof} eg] t
gf/fo0fnfO{ b]Vg]5f}, gq eg] b]Vb}gf} .Æ tL dWo]df Pp6f d"v{n] c7f]6 u¥of] ls gfs a? uP hfcf];\,
k/Gt' gf/fo0fsf] bz{g cjZo ug'{kb{5 . p;n] eGof] ls æd]/f] klg gfs sfl6b]cf], gf/fo0fnfO{
b]vfOb]cf] .Æ To;n] p;sf] gfs sf6]/ eGof] ls æt}+n] klg d}n] h:t} u/\, gq eg] t t]/f] / d]/f]
pkxf; x'g]5 .Æ p;n] klg s'/f] a'‰of] ls ca sfl6Psf] gfs t kms]{/ cfpFb}g, o:t} ug'{ 7Ls 5,
p;n] klg To;} u/L gfRg, ufpg, s'b\g / xfF:g yfNof] clg eÌ yfNof] ls— æd}n] klg gf/fo0fnfO{
b]v]+ .Æ o:t} x'Fbfx'Fb} Ps xhf/ dg'iosf] e'm08 aGof], a8f] sf]nfxn eof], cfˆgf] ;Dk|bfosf] gfd
…gf/fo0fbzL{Ú /fv] . of] s'/f] s'g} d"v{ /fhfn] ;'Gof], clg ltgLx¿nfO{ af]nfof] . ha /fhf ltgLx¿sf
kf;df uof] ta t ltgLx¿ w]/} gfRg, s'b\g / xfF:g yfn] . ta /fhfn] ;f]Wof] ls æo:tf] s] s'/f]
xf] <Æ ltgLx¿n] eg] ls æ;fIfft\ gf/fo0f xfdLn] b]v]sf 5f}+ .Æ
/fhf– d}n] lsg b]lVbg t <
gf/fo0fbzL{— ha;Dd gfs x'G5 ta;Dd b]lv+b}g / ha gfs s6fpg]5f}, ta gf/fo0fnfO{
k|ToIf b]Vg]5f} . /fhfn] ljrf¥of] 7Ls 5 . Hof]ltifLhL Û d'x"Q{ lgsfNg'xf];\ . æhf] x's'd Û bzdLsf] lbg
k|ftMsfn cf7 ah] gfs s6fpg] / gf/fo0fsf] bz{g ug{sf] nflu z'e d'x"Q{ 5 .Æ
jfx /] kf]khL Û cfˆgf] 7]nLdf gfs sf6\g]–s6fpg] d'x"Q{ klg n]lvlbof} .
ha /fhfsf] OR5f eof] / tL xhf/f}+nfO{ klª\Qmdf /fv]/ v'zL kfg{ nfu] ta t tL ;a} k|;Ì
eP/ gfRg, s'b\g / ufpg yfn] . of] s'/f] /fhfsf ;Nnfxfsf/, dGqL cflb / sf]xL a'l4 ePsfx¿nfO{
/fd|f] nfu]g . /fhfsf] Pp6f rf/ lk+9Lsf] () jif{sf] a"9f] dGqL lyof] . To;nfO{ uP/ cfˆgf] knfFltn]
h'g ls oltv]/ dGqL lyof], of] s'/f] ;'gfof] . ta To; j[4n] eGof] ls— æltgLx¿ w"t{ x'g\ . t}+n]
dnfO{ /fhfsxfF n}hf .Æ knfFltn] lnP/ uof] . a:bfv]l/ /fhfn] tL gfs s6'jfx¿sf] s'/f] a8f] xlif{t
eP/ ;'gfP . j[4 dGqLn] eg] ls— æ;'Ì'xf];\ dxf/fh Û o:tf] zL3|tf ug{' x'Fb}g . lagf k/LIff u/]
kZrftfk x'G5 .Æ
/fhf— s] oL xhf/f}+ dfG5]n] e'm6f] af]Nb5g\ <
j[4 dGqL— e'm6f] eg of ;fFrf], lagf k/LIffsf] ;fFrf]–e'm6f] s;/L eÌ ;lsG5 <
/fhf— k/LIff s'g k|sf/n] ug]{ t <
j[4 dGqL— ljBf, ;[li6qmd k|ToIfflb k|df0fx¿af6 .
/fhf— h;nfO{ kl9Ps} 5}g, To;sf] k/LIff s;/L ug]{ <
j[4 dGqL— ljåfg\x¿sf] ;Ën] 1fgsf] j[l4 u/]/ .
 /fhf— olb ljåfg\ kfOPgg\ eg] t <
j[4 dGqL— k'?iffyL{nfO{ s'g} s'/f] b'n{e 5}g .
/fhf— To;f] eP tkfO{+n] g} eÌ'xf];\ ca s] ug]{ <
j[4 dGqL— d a"9f] ePF / 3/df al;/fVb5' ca w]/} ;do afFlRbg klg . d k|yd k/LIff u/]/
lnG5', tTkZrft\ h:tf] plrt ;Demg'x'G5 To:t} ug'{xf]nf .
/fhf— w]/} /fd|f] s'/f] xf] . Hof]ltifLhL Û j[4 dGqLsf] nflu d'x"Q{ lgsfNg'xf];\ .
Hof]ltifL— hf] dxf/fhsf] cf1f . oxL z'Sn k~rdL !) ah]sf] d'x"Q{ /fd|f] 5 . ha k~rdL
cfof] /fhfhLsxfF cfP/ cf7 ah] a"9f] dGqLn] /fhfhLnfO{ eg] ls æxhf/ b'O{ xhf/ ;]gf lnP/
lx+8\g'kb{5 .Æ
/fhf— jxfF ;]gfsf] s] sfd 5 <
j[4 d+= — tkfO{+nfO{ /fHo Jojxf/sf] af/]df hfgsf/L 5}g . h:tf] d}n] eGb5' To:t} ug'{xf]nf .
/fhf— x'G5, hfcf] efO Û ;]gfnfO{ tof/ u/ . ;f9] gf} ah] ;jf/L u/]/ /fhfn] ;a}nfO{ lnP/
uof] . logLx¿nfO{ b]v]/ tL gfRg, ufpg, s'b\g / xfF:g yfn] . /fhf uP/ a;] . pgLx¿sf] dxGt
h;n] of] ;Dk|bfo rnfPsf] lyof], h;sf] k|yd gfs sfl6Psf] lyof], To;nfO{ af]nfP/ eg] ls æcfh
xfd|f j[4 dGqLnfO{ gf/fo0fsf] bz{g u/fcf] .Æ To;n] eGof]— æx'G5 .Æ
bz ah]sf] ;do cfof] ta Pp6f yfnL dg'iosf] gfssf] tn ;dft]/ /fv] . To;n] wfl/nf]
rSs" lnP/ gfs sf6]/ yfnLdf ˆofFlslbof] / ?lw/ -/ut_ aUg yfNof] . j[4sf] d'v lalu|of] . To;
w"t{n] j[4sf] sfgdf dGqf]kb]z u¥of] ls ætkfO{+ klg xfF;]/ ;a}nfO{ eÌ'xf];\ ls d}n] gf/fo0f b]v]+ .
sfl6Psf] gfs ca k]ml/ cfpg]5}g . olb o:tf] eg]gf} eg] t ltd|f] w]/} 7§f x'g]5,Æ o:tf] eg]/ Tof]
klG5of] . j[4fn] uD5f lnP/ sfl6Psf] gfsnfO{ 5f]k] . ha j[4f;Fu /fhfn] ;f]w] ls æeÌ'xf];\ Û gf/fo0f
b]Vg'ePsf] 5 ls 5}g <Æ j[4fn] /fhfsf] sfgdf eg] ls æs]xL klg b]lv+b}g, j[yf o; w"t{n] xhf/f}+
dg'ionfO{ lauf¥of] .Æ /fhfn] j[4f;Fu ;f]w]— æca s] ug'{kb{5 <Æ j[4fn] eg]— ælognfO{ ;dft]/ sl7g
b08 lbg'kb{5 . ha;Dd afFRb5g\ ta;Dd aGbL3/df /fVg] / To; b'i6nfO{ h;n] oL ;a}nfO{
lauf¥of], uwfdfly r9fP/ a8f] b'b{zfsf] ;fydf dfg{'kb{5 .Æ ha /fhf / j[4fn] sfgdf s'/fug{ nfu]
ta ltgLx¿ 8/sf] df/] efUgsf] nflu tof/L ug{ yfn], k/Gt' rf/}lt/ /fhfsf kmf}hn] 3]/f xfn]/
/fv]sf] lyof], efUg ;s]gg\ . /fhfn] cf1f lbP ls æ;a}nfO{ ;dft]/ ;fª\nfn] afFw / o; b'i6sf] d'v
sfnf] u/]/, uwfdfly r9fP/, o;sf] s07df RofltPsf h'Qfsf] dfnf le/fP/, ;j{q 3'dfP/, s]6fx¿n]
w'nf]–v/fgL o;sf] hLpdfly vGofP/, rf]s–rf]sdf h'Qfn] lk6\b}, s's'/x¿af6 6f]sfpFb} dfg"{ . olb
o:tf] ul/Pg eg] t k'gM csf]{n] klg o:tf] sfd ug{b]lv 8/fpg] 5}g .Æ
ha o:tf] eof] ta gfss§]sf ;Dk|bfo aGb eP . o:t} k|sf/sf] j]blj/f]wL ;a} ;Dk|bfox¿sf]
nLnf 5 .
oL :jfdLgf/fo0fjfn] wgx/] csf{sf] wg xg{df a8f] rt'/ 5g\, 5n–sk6o'Qm sfd ub{5g\ .
sltn] t d"v{x¿nfO{ axsfpgsf] nflu dg]{ j]nf;Dd klg eGb5g\ ls— æ;]tf] 3f]8fdfly a;]/
;xhfgGbhL dnfO{ lngsf] nflu cfpg'ePsf] 5 lgTo o; dlGb/df cfpg'x'G5 .Æ
ha d]nf nfUb5 ta dlGb/df k'hf/L /xG5 / tnkl§ bf]sfg x'G5 . dlGb/b]lv bf]sfg;Dd
-l5b|_ Kjfn /fVb5g\ . hf] s;}n] gl/jn r9fpF5, To;}nfO{ l5b|sf] dfk{mt bf]sfgdf ˆofFSb5g\, cyf{t\
o;} k|sf/n] Pp6f gl/jn lbgdf xhf/f}+ k6s laSb5 . o;/L g} ;a} kbfy{x¿nfO{ a]Rb5g\ .
h'g hfltsf] ;fw' x'G5, To;af6 ToxL sfd u/fpF5g\ . h:t} gflkt xf] eg] gflktsf], s'dfn]
xf] eg] s'dfnsf], lzNkL xf] eg] lzNksf], algof xf] eg] algofsf] sfd lnG5g\ . cfˆgf r]nfdfly
cg]s k|sf/sf] s/ afFlwlbG5g\ . nfvf}+ s/f]8f}+ ?k}ofF 7u]/ Psq ub{5g\ / ub}{hfG5g\ . hf] u2Ldf
a:b5, Tof] u[x:y ljjfx ub{5, cfe"if0fflb klx/G5 . hxfF sxL+ kw/fjgL -u'?k"hf_ x'G5, jxfF
uf]s'lno]s} ;dfg uf];f+O{hL, ax"hL cflbsf] gfdaf6 e]6Lk"hf lnG5g\ . cfk"mnfO{ …;T;ËLÚ / cGo
dtjfnfnfO{ …s';ËLÚ eGb5g\ . cfˆgf l;jfo csf{ s:t} g} pQd wfld{s k'?if lsg gxf];\, To;sf]
dfGo ;]jf ub}{gg\, cGosf] ;]jfdf kfk uGb5g\ .
k|l;l4df logsf ;fw'n] :qLsf] d'v x]b}{gg\, k/Gt' u'Kt s] nLnf x'G5 xf]nf, o;sf] k|l;l4 ;j{q
Go"g ePsf] 5 . sxL+–sxL+ ;fw'x¿sf] k/:qL udgflbsf] nLnf k|l;4 ePsf] 5 / logLx¿df hf]–hf]
7"nf–7"nf 5g\, tL ha db{5g\ ta ltgnfO{ u'Kt s'jfdf ˆofFs]/ k|l;l4 ub{5g\ ls cd's dxf/fh t,
;b]x j}s'07df hfg'eof] . ;xhfgGbhL cfP/ lnP/ hfg'eof] . xfdLn] w]/} k|fy{gf u¥of}+ ls— ædxf/fh Û
lognfO{ gn}hfg'xf];\, lsgeg] oL dxfTdf oxfF /xFbfd} /fd|f] x'G5 .Æ ;xhfgGbhLn] eÌ'eof] ls—
æx'Fb}g, ca logsf] j}s'07df clt cfjZostf 5, To;}n] n}hfG5' .Æ xfdLn] cfˆg} cfFvfn]
;xhfgGbhLnfO{ / ljdfgnfO{ b]Vof}+ tyf hf] dg]{jfnf lyP ljdfgdf a;fP, dfly p8fP/ k'iksf] jiff{
ub}{ nu] .
/ ha sf]xL ;fw' la/fdL x'G5, afFRg] cfzf x'Fb}g, ta eGb5 ls— æd ef]lnsf] /ftdf j}s'07df
hfg]5' .Æ ;'lgPsf] 5 ls h;sf] To; /ftdf k|f0f 5'6\b}g / d"l5{t k/]sf] x'G5, t/ klg s'jfdf nu]/
ˆofFlslbG5g\ lsgeg] olb To; /ftdf g ˆofFs] t e'm6 x'g hfG5, o;}n] o:tf] sfd ubf{ xf]nfg\ .
o;/L g} ha uf]s'lnof uf];f+O{ db{5 ta p;sf r]nfn] eGb5g\ ls— æuf];f+O{hL nLnf lj:tf/
u/]/ hfg'eof] .Æ h'g oL uf];f+O{, :jfdLgf/fo0fjfnfx¿sf] pkb]z ug]{ dGq Pp6} g} …>Ls[i0fM z/0f+
ddÚ 5, o;sf] cy{ o:tf] ub{5g\ ls æ>Ls[i0f d]/f] z/0f 5g\, cyf{t\ d >Ls[i0fsf] z/0ffut 5' .Æ
k/Gt' o;sf] cy{ æ>Ls[i0f d]/f] z/0fnfO{ k|fKt cyf{t\ z/0ffut xf]pmg\Æ o:tf] klg x'g ;Sb5 . oL
;a} hlt dt 5g\, tL ljBfxLg x'gfn] pm6k6fË zf:qlj?4 jfSo/rgf ub{5g\ . lsgeg] logLx¿nfO{
ljBfsf] lgodsf] hfgsf/L 5}g .
dfWj, lnË, rqmflÍt, a|fXdk|fy{gf ;dfh cflbsf] ;dLIff -!!=#%_
k|Zg— dfWj dt t /fd|f] 5 <
pQ/— h:tf cGo 5g\, To:t} of] klg xf], lsgeg] oL klg rqmflÍt x'G5g\ . logdf
rqmflÍtb]lv olt ljz]if 5 ls /fdfg'hLo Ps k6s rqmflÍt x'G5g\ / dfWj— jif{–jif{df k6s–k6s
rqmflÍt x'Fb} hfG5g\ . rqmflÍtn] lgwf/df kx]+nf] /]vf / dfWjn] sfnf] /]vf nufpF5g\ . Pp6f dfWj
kl08t;Fu s'g} Ps dxfTdfsf] ;jf+b ePsf] lyof] .
dxfTdf— ltdLn] of] sfnf] /]vf / rGb|fsf/ ltns lsg nufof} <
zf:qL— o;nfO{ nufpgfn] xfdL j}s'07df hfg]5f}+ / >Ls[i0fsf] :j¿k klg Zofd lyof], o;}n]
xfdLn] sfnf] ltns nufpF5f}+ .
dxfTdf— ha sfnf] /]vf / ltns nufpFbf dfq}df j}s'07df hfG5f} eg] t d've/L sfnf]
kf]t]df t sxfF hfG5f} < s] j}s'07 eGbf klg k/ hfG5f} < / h:tf] >Ls[i0fsf] ;a} z/L/ sfnf] lyof],
To:t} ltdLn] klg k"/} z/L/ sfnf] ug]{ u/, ta >Ls[i0fsf] ;fb[Zo x'g ;Sb5f} . o;}n] of] dt klg k"j{
dtx¿s} ;b[z 5 .
k|Zg— lnËflÍtsf] dt s:tf] 5 <
pQ/— h:tf] rqmflÍtsf] . ltgLx¿ klg lnËflÍt x'G5g\ . l;jfo dxfb]jsf] c¿ s;}nfO{
dfGb}gg\, h;/L rqmflÍtn] gf/fo0fb]lv cltl/Qm bf]:f|f]nfO{ dfGb}gg\ . logLx¿df ljz]if of] 5 ls
lnËflÍt kfiff0fsf] Pp6f lnË ;'g cyjf rfFbLdf d9]/ 3fF6Ldf e'm08ØfpF5g\ . ha kfgL lkpF5g\ ta
To;nfO{ b]vfP/ lkpg] ub{5g\ . logsf] klg dGq z}jsf] t'No /xG5 .
ca a|fXd;dfh / k|fy{gf;dfhsf] u'0fbf]ifsf] syg—
k|Zg— …a|fXd;dfhÚ / …k|fy{gf;dfhÚ /fd|f 5g\ ls 5}gg\ <
pQ/— logLx¿df s]xL s'/fx¿ /fd|f / w]/} s'/fx¿ g/fd|f 5g\ .
k|Zg— …a|fXdÚ / …k|fy{gf;dfhÚ ;a} eGbf /fd|f 5g\ lsgeg] logsf lgod clt /fd|f 5g\ .
pQ/— lgod ;jf{+zdf /fd|f] 5}g . lsgeg] j]bljBfxLg dfG5]x¿sf] sNkgf ;j{yf ;To s;/L
x'g ;Sb5 / < h]–hlt a|fXd;dfh / k|fy{gf;dfhLx¿n] O{;fO{ dtdf ldl;gfn] yf]/} dg'iox¿nfO{
arfP, s]xL d"lt{k"hfnfO{ x6fP, cGo u|Gyx¿sf hfnaf6 klg s]xL arfP, OToflb /fd|f s'/fx¿ x'g \ .
k/Gt'—
!— logLx¿df :jb]zelQm clt Go"g 5 . O{;fO{x¿sf] cfr/0f w]/} lnPsf 5g\ . vfgkfg
ljjfxflbsf lgod klg k]]m/]sf 5g\ .
@— cfˆgf] b]zsf] k|z+;f jf k"j{hx¿sf] a8fO ug'{ t 6f9f /Xof], To;sf] abnfdf k]6e/L
lgGbf ub{5g\ . JofVofgx¿df O{;fO{ cflb c+u|]hx¿sf] k|z+;f e/ k]6 ub{5g\ . a|Xdflb dxlif{x¿sf]
gfd klg ln+b}gg\, k|To't o:tf] eGb5g\ ls lagf c+u|]hx¿sf], ;[li6df cfh ko{Gt sf]xL klg ljåfg\
ePsf] 5}g . cfof{jQL{o dfG5]x¿ ;bfb]lv d"v{ aGb} cfPsf 5g\ . logLx¿sf] pÌlt slxNo} ePg .
 #— j]bflbsx¿sf] k|lti7f t 6f9f /Xof] k/Gt' lgGbf ug{af6 klg k[ys\ /xFb}gg\ .
a|fXd;dfhsf] p2]Zosf] k':tsdf ;fw'sf] ;+Vofdf …O{;fÚ …d";fÚ …d'xDdbÚ …gfgsÚ / …r}tGoÚ n]v]sf
5g\ . s'g} Clif–dxlif{sf gfd klg n]v]gg\ . o;}af6 hfÌ ;lsG5 ls logLx¿, h;sf gfd n]v]sf
5g\, pg}sf dtfg';f/L dt–jfnf x'g\ .
enf, ha cfof{jQ{df hlGdPsf 5g\ cfof{jQ{ b]zsf] cÌ–hn vfP–lkP, clxn] klg vfg]–lkpg]
ub{5g\Ù cfˆgf dftf, lktf, lktfdxflbsf] dfu{nfO{ 5f]8]/ cs}{ ljb]zLsf] dtdf clws e'mSg hfg',
a|fXd;dfhL / k|fy{gf;dfhLx¿sf] Pt2]z:y ;+:s[t–ljBfb]lv /lxt cfk"mnfO{ ljåfg\ k|sflzt ug'{,
c+u|]hL efiff k9]/ kl08tfledfgL x'Fb} eml6lt Ps dt rnfpgdf k|j[Q ePsf, dg'iox¿sf] l:y/ /
j[l4sf/s sfd s;/L x'g ;Sb5 <
$— c+u|]h, ojg, cGTohflb;Fu klg vfglkgdf e]b /fv]gg\ . logLx¿n] oxL ;De]m xf]nfg\ ls
vfglkg / hflt e]b tf]8\gfn] xfdL / xfd|f] b]z ;'w|g]5, k/Gt' o:tf] s'/fn] ;'wf/ t sxfF x'g], pN6f]
lau|g hfG5 .
%— k|Zg— hflte]b O{Zj/s[t xf] ls dg'ios[t <
pQ/— O{Zj/s[t / dg'ios[t klg hflte]b 5 .
k|Zg— s'grflx+ O{Zj/s[t / s'grflx+ dg'ios[t xf] <
pQ/— dg'io, kz', kIfL, j[If, hnhGt' cflb hfltx¿ k/d]Zj/s[t x'g\ . h:t} kz'x¿df ufO{,
3f]8f, xfQL cflb hfltx¿Ù j[Ifx¿df kLkn, j/, cfFk cflbÙ kIfLx¿df xfF;, sfu, as'Nnf] cflbÙ
hnhGt'x¿df df5f, uf]xL cflb hflte]b x'g\, To;/L g} dg'iox¿df a|fXd0f, Iflqo, j}Zo, z"b|,
cGToh hflte]b O{Zj/s[t xf] . k/Gt' dg'iox¿df a|fXd0fflbnfO{ ;fdfGo hfltdf xf]Og lsGt'
;fdfGo–ljz]iffTds hfltdf uGb5g\ . h;/L k"j{ j0ff{>dJoj:yfdf n]v]/ cfPsf] 5', To;/L g} u'0f,
sd{, :jefjn] j0f{Joj:yf dfÌ' cjZo xf] . o;df dg'ios[tTj pgsf u'0f, sd{, :jefjb]lv
k"jf]{Qmfg';f/ a|fXd0f, Iflqo, j}Zo, z"b|flb j0f{x¿sf] Joj:yf k/LIffk"j{s ug'{ /fhf / ljåfg\x¿sf] sfd
xf] .
ef]hge]b klg O{Zj/s[t / dg'ios[t klg 5 . h:t} l;+x df+;fxf/L / cgf{ e}+;L 3fF;flbsf]
cfxf/ ub{5g\, of] O{Zj/s[tÙ / b]z–sfn–j:t' e]bn] ef]hge]b dg'ios[t xf] .
k|Zg— x]/ Û o"/f]lkogx¿ d'+8f h'Qf, sf]6–ktn'g nufpF5g\, xf]6ndf ;a} ;fydf a;]/ vfG5g\,
o;}n] pgLx¿sf] a9f]Q/L x'Fb} u}/x]sf] 5 .
pQ/— of] ltd|f] e'n xf] . lsgeg] d';ndfg, cGTohx¿n] ;a}sf] xftsf] vfG5g\, k'gM
pgLx¿sf] pÌlt lsg x'Fb}g < hxfF o"/f]lkogx¿n] afNoj:yfdf ljjfx gug'{, s]6f–s]6LnfO{ ljBf /
;'lzIff ug'{–u/fpg', :jo+j/ ljjfx x'g', 3l6of dfG5]x¿sf] pkb]z x'Fb}g, pgLx¿ ljåfgL eP/ h;
s;}sf] kfv08df km:b}gg\, h] ub{5g\ ;a}n] k/:k/ ljrf/ / ;efaf6 lglZrt u/]/ ub{5g\, cfˆgf
:jhfltsf] pÌltsf] nflu tg–dg–wg Joo ub{5g\, cfn:onfO{ 5f]8]/ pBf]u ug]{ ub{5g\ . x]/ Û
cfˆgf b]zdf ag]sf] h'QfnfO{ sfof{no / srx/Ldf hfg lbG5g\, oxfFsf] b]zL h'QfnfO{ dfGotf
lb+b}gg\ . oltaf6} ;Demg' ls cfˆgf] b]zdf ag]sf] h'Qfsf] klg slt k|lti7f ub{5g\, Tolt t cGo
b]z:y dg'ionfO{ klg ub}{gg\ . x]/ Û ;o jif{ eGbf s]xL a9L eof] o"/f]lkogx¿ o; b]zdf cfPsf],
k/Gt' cfh;Dd klg pgLx¿ afSnf] n'uf nufpF5g\ h:tf] ls cfˆgf] b]zdf x'Fbf nufpFy], To;nfO{
5f]8]sf 5}gg\ . / ltdL dWo]df w]/}n] pgLx¿sf] cg's/0f u¥of}, o;}n] ltdL lga{'l4 / pgLx¿ a'l4dfg\
7xl/G5g\ . cg's/0f ug'{ a'l4dfg\x¿sf] sfd xf]Og . / hf] h'g sfddf /xG5, To;n] v6]/ oyf]lrt
k"/f ub{5 . cf1fg'jQL{ a/fa/ /xG5g\ . cfˆgf b]zjf;LnfO{ Jofkf/ cflbdf ;xfotf ub{5g\, OToflb
u'0fx¿ / /fd|f–/fd|f sd{n] pÌlt x'G5 . d'+8f h'Qf, sf]6, ktn'g, xf]6ndf vfg] cflb ;fwf/0f /
g/fd|f] sfdn] a9]sf xf]Ogg\ .
/ logdf hflte]b klg 5 . x]/ Û ha s'g} o"/f]lkog rfx] hlt g} 7"nf] clwsf/df k|ltli7t
xf];\, s'g} cGo b]z, cGo dt–jfnfsL 5f]/L jf o"/f]lkog s]6L cGo–b]zjfnf;Fu ljjfx ub{5] eg], p;}
;do To;sf] lgdGq0f, ;fydf a;]/ vfg / ljjfx cflb nfO{ cGohgx¿n] aGw ul/lbG5g\ . of]
hflte]b geP s] xf] t < / ltdL ef]nfx¿nfO{ eGb5g\ ls xfdLdf hflte]b 5}g . ltdL cfˆgf]
d"v{tfn] dflgxfNb5f} klg . To;}n] h] ug'{5, To;nfO{ ;f]r–ljrf/ u/]/ ug'{kb{5, h;df k'gM kZrftfk
ug{ gk/f];\ .
 x]/ Û j}B / cf}iflwsf] cfjZostf /f]uLsf] nflu xf], lg/f]uLsf] nflu xf]Og . ljBfjfg\ lg/f]u /
ljBf/lxt cljBf/f]un] u|l;t /xG5 . To; /f]unfO{ 5'6fpgsf] nflu ;ToljBf / ;Tof]kb]z cfjZos
x'G5 . ltgLx¿nfO{ cljBfn] ubf{ of] /f]u a;]sf] 5 ls vfg–lkgdf g} wd{ /xG5 / hfG5 klg . ha
s;}nfO{ vfg–lkgdf cgfrf/ u/]sf] b]Vb5g\ ta eGb5g\ / hfGb5g\ ls Tof] wd{e|i6 x'g uof], To;sf]
kf;df ga:g] / To;sf] s'/f] g;'Ì] tyf Tof] ePsf] 7fpFdf c¿ ga:g] ub{5g\ . ca eg ls ltd|f]
ljBf :jfy{sf] nflu xf] ls cyjf k/dfy{sf] nflu < k/dfy{ t ta} x'G5 ls ha ltd|f] ljBfn] tL
c1fgLx¿nfO{ nfe k'Ub5 . olb egf}nf ls pgLx¿n] ln+b}gg\ t xfdLn] s] ug]{ < of] ltd|f] bf]if xf] .
pgLx¿sf] xf]Og, lsgeg] olb ltdLn] cfˆgf] cfr/0f /fd|f] /fVYof} eg] t ltdLl;t k|]d u/]/ pks[t
x'Gy]Ù ;f] ltdLn] xhf/f}+sf] pksf/ gfz u/]/ cfˆg} dfq ;'v vf]Hof}, ;f] ltdLnfO{ of] 7"nf] ck/fw
nfUof], lsgeg] k/f]ksf/ ug'{ wd{ / k/xflg ug'{nfO{ cwd{ eGb5g\ . o;} sf/0f ljåfg\n] oyfof]Uo
Jojxf/ u/]/ c1fgLx¿nfO{ b'Mv ;fu/af6 tfg{sf] nflu 8'Fuf¿k x'g'kb{5 . ;j{yf d"v{sf] ;b[z sd{
ug{ x'Fb}g, lsGt' h;df pgsf] / cfˆgf] pÌlt x'G5, To;} sd{nfO{ ug{ plrt x'G5 .
k|Zg— xfdLn] s'g} k':tsnfO{ O{Zj/k|0fLt jf ;jf{+z ;To dfGb}gf}+ lsgeg] dg'iosf] a'l4
lge|f{Gt x'Fb}g, o;}n] pgn] agfPsf u|Gy ;a} e|fGt x'G5g\ . o;}n] xfdL ;a};Fuaf6 …;ToÚ u|x0f ub{5f}+
/ …c;ToÚ nfO{ 5f]l8lbG5f}+ . rfx] ;To j]bdf, afOandf, s'/fgdf / cGo s;}sf] u|Gydf g} lsg
gxf];\, xfdLnfO{ u|fXo 5, c;To s;}sf] xf]Og .
pQ/— h'g s'/faf6 ltdL ;Tou|fxL x'g rfxG5f}, To;} s'/faf6 c;Tou|fxL klg 7xl/G5f},
lsgeg] ha ;a} dg'io e|flGt/lxt x'g ;Sb}g eg] t ltdL klg dg'io x'gfn] e|flGt;lxt eof} . ha
e|flGt;lxtsf] jrg k|df0f ;jf{+zdf x'Fb}g eg] t ltd|f] jrgsf] klg x'Fb}g . k]ml/ ltd|f] jrgdfly klg
;j{yf ljZjf; ug{ x'Fb}g . ha o:tf] 5 eg] t ljifo'Qm cÌsf] ;dfg Tofusf] of]Uo 5 . k]ml/ ltd|f
JofVofg k':ts agfPsf] k|df0f s;}n] ug{ ePg .
…rn] tf] rf}a]hL 5Aa] agg] sf], ufF7 s] bf] vf]s/ b'a] ag uo] .Ú
ltdL ;j{1 xf]Ogf}, h:t} ls cGo dg'io ;j{1 5}gg\ . sbflrt\ e|dn] c;TonfO{ u|x0f u/]/
;TonfO{ 5f]l8 klg lbG5f} xf]nf . o;}n] ;j{1sf] jrgsf] ;xfo xfdL cNk1nfO{ cjZo x'g'kb{5 .
h:tf] ls j]bsf] JofVofgdf n]v]/ cfPsf] 5', To:t} ltdLn] cjZo dfÌ'kb{5 . gq eg] t otf] e|i6M /
ttf] e|i6M x'g hfg' xf] .
ha ;j{;To j]bx¿df k|fKt x'G5g\, h;df c;To s]xL klg 5}g, logsf] u|x0f ug{df zÍf ug'{
cfˆgf] / k/fO{ xflgdfq ug'{ xf] . o;} s'/fn] ubf{ ltdLnfO{ cfof{jQL{ox¿ cfˆgf] ;Demb}gg\ / ltdL
cfof{jQ{sf] pÌltsf] sf/0f klg x'g ;s]gf}, lsgeg] ltdL æ;a} 3/df leIf'sÆ 7xl/of} . ltdLn]
;D‰of} ls o; s'/fn] xfdLx¿ cfˆgf] / k/fo pksf/ ug{ ;Sg]5f}+, ;f] ug{ ;Sb}gf} . h:t} ls s;}sf
b'O6} cfdf–afpn] ;a} ;+;f/sf 5f]/fx¿nfO{ kfng ug{ nfu] eg], ;a}sf] kfng ug{ t c;Dej 5
lsGt' To; s'/faf6 cfˆgf] 5f]/fnfO{ gi6 ug{ k'Ub5g\, To:t} ltdLx¿sf] ult 5 .
enf Û j]bflbsnfO{ dfg] lagf ltdL cfˆgf] jrgx¿sf] ;Totf / c;Totfsf] k/LIff /
cfof{jQ{sf] pÌlt klg slxNo} ug{ ;Sb5f} < h'g b]znfO{ /f]u nfu]sf] 5, To;sf] cf}iflw ltdL;Fu
5}g . / o"/f]lkogx¿ ltd|f] ck]Iff ub}{gg\ / cfo{x¿ ltdLnfO{ cGo dltx¿s} ;b[z ;DemG5g\ . ce}m
klg ;De]m/ j]bflbsf] dfGoaf6 b]zf]Ìlt ug{ nfUof} eg] t /fd|f] x'g]5 .
h'g ltdLn] eGb5f} ls ;a} ;To k/d]Zj/af6} k|sflzt x'G5, k'gM Clifx¿sf] cfTdfx¿df
O{Zj/af6 k|sflzt ePsf] ;Tofy{ j]bx¿nfO{ lsg dfGb}gf} < xf], oxL sf/0f xf] ls ltdLx¿n] j]b
k9]gf} / g t k9\gsf] nflu OR5f ub{5f} . s;/L ltdLnfO{ j]bf]Qm 1fg x'g ;Sb5 t <
^— bf];|f] hut\sf] pkfbfg sf/0fsf] lagf hut\sf] pTklQ / hLjsf] klg pTkÌ dfGb5f}, h:tf]
O{;fO{ / d';ndfg cflb dfGb5g\ . o;sf] pQ/ ;[i6Ø'TklQ / hLj]Zj/sf] JofVofdf x]g'{xf]nf .
sf/0fsf] lagf sfo{sf] x'g ;j{yf c;Dej / pTkÌ j:t'sf] gfz gx'g klg To:t} c;Dej 5 .
&— Pp6f ltd|f] of] klg bf]if 5, hxfF kZrftfk / k|fy{gfn] kfkx¿sf] lgj[lQ x'g] dfGb5f} . o;}
s'/faf6 hut\df w]/} kfk a9\g uPsf] 5 . lsgeg] k'/f0fLx¿ tLyf{lb ofqfaf6Ù h}gLx¿ gjsf/ dGq,
hk / tLyf{lbaf6Ù O{;fO{x¿ O{;fsf] ljZjf;af6Ù d';ndfgx¿ …tf}afMÚ ug{af6 kfk 5'6]/ hfg' lagf
ef]usf] dfGb5g\ . o;n] ubf{ kfkb]lv eo geP/ kfkx¿df k|j[lQ w]/} e}/x]sf] 5 . o; s'/fdf a|fXd /
k|fy{gf;dfhL klg k'/f0fL cflbs} ;dfg 5g\ . olb j]bx¿nfO{ dfGy] t lagf ef]usf] kfk–k'0osf]
lgj[lQ gx'gfn] kfkb]lv 8/fpFy] / wd{df ;bf k|j[Q /xGy] . olb ef]usf] lagf lgj[lQ dfg]df t O{Zj/
cGofosf/L x'G5 .
*— h'g ltdLn] hLjsf] cgGt pÌlt dfGb5f}, ;f] slxNo} x'g ;Sb}g, lsgeg] ;;Ld hLjsf]
u'0f–sd{–:jefjsf] kmn klg ;;Ld g} x'g cjZo 5 .
k|Zg— k/d]Zj/ bofn' 5, ;;Ld sd{x¿sf] kmn cgGt lbg] 5 .
pQ/— o:tf] u/]df t k/d]Zj/sf] Gofo gi6 x'g hfG5 / ;Tsd{x¿sf] pÌlt klg s;}n]
ug]{5}g, lsgeg] yf]/}dfq klg ;Tsd{x¿sf] cgGt kmn k/d]Zj/n] lbg]5 . / k|Zrftfk jf k|fy{gfaf6
rfx] hlt;'s} xf];\ 5'6]/ hfg]5g\, o:tf] s'/fn] wd{sf] xflg / kfk–sd{x¿sf] j[l4 x'G5 .
cfo{;dfhsf] ljifo -!!=#^_
k|Zg— xfdL …:jfefljsÚ 1fgnfO{ j]b eGbf 7"nf] dfGb5f}, …g}ldlQsÚ nfO{ xf]Og . lsgeg] h'g
:jfefljs 1fg k/d]Zj/bQ xfdLdf x'Fb}gYof] eg] t j]bx¿nfO{ klg s;/L k9\g–k9fpg ;Demg–
;Demfpg ;SYof}+ . o;}n] xfdLx¿sf] dt clt /fd|f] 5 .
pQ/— of] ltd|f] s'/f] lg/y{s 5 . lsgeg] h'g s;}n] lbPsf] 1fg x'G5, Tof] :jfefljs x'Fb}g .
h'g :jfefljs x'G5, Tof] …;xh 1fgÚ x'G5 / g t Tof] 36–a9 g} x'G5 . To;}n] pÌlt s;}n] ug{
;Sb}g . lsgeg] hËnL dg'iodf klg :jfefljs 1fg x'G5, lsg pgLx¿n] cfˆgf] pÌlt ug{
;Sb}gg\ < / h'g g}ldlQs 1fg xf], ToxL pÌltsf] sf/0f xf] . x]/ Û ltdL xfdL afNoj:yfdf
sQ{JofsQ{Jo / wdf{wd{ s]xL klg 7Ls–7Ls hfGb}gYof}+ . ha xfdLn] ljåfg\x¿;Fu k9Øf}+, ta g}
sQ{JofsQ{Jo / wdf{wd{nfO{ ;Demg nfUof}+ . o;}n] :jfefljs 1fgnfO{ ;jf]{kl/ dfÌ 7Ls xf]Og .
(— h'g ltdLx¿n] k"j{ / k'gh{Gd dfg]sf 5}gf}, Tof] O{;fO{–d';ndfgx¿af6 lnof} xf]nf .
o;sf] klg pQ/ k'gh{Gdsf] JofVofaf6 ;Demg' . olt a'em ls hLj …zfZjtÚ cyf{t\ lgTo xf] /
p;sf] sd{ klg k|jfx¿kaf6 lgTo 5 . sd{ / sd{jfg\sf] lgTo ;DaGw x'G5 . s] Tof] hLj sxL+
lgsDdf al;/fv]sf] lyof] < jf /xg] 5 < / k/d]Zj/ klg lgsDdf ltd|f] egfOn] x'G5 . k"jf{k/ hGd
gdfÌfn] …s[txflgÚ / …cs[tfEofudÚ …g}3{0oÚ / …j}ifDoÚ bf]if klg O{Zj/df cfpF5g\, lsgeg] hGd x'Fb}g
eg] t kfk–k'0osf] kmn–ef]usf] xflg x'g hfG5 . lsgeg] h'g k|sf/n] bf];|f]nfO{ ;'v–b'Mv, xflg–nfe
k'¥ofOPsf] x'G5, To:tf] p;sf] kmn lagf z/L/ wf/0f gu/Lsg x'Fb}g . bf];|f]— k"j{hGdsf] kfk–k'0osf]
lagf ;'v–b'Mvsf] k|flKt o; hGddf s;/L x'g ;Sb5 < olb k"j{hGdsf] kfk–k'0ofg';f/ x'Fb}g eg] t
k/d]Zj/ cGofosf/L / lagf ef]u u/L gfzs} ;dfg sd{sf] kmn x'g hfG5, o;}n] of] klg s'/f]
ltdLx¿sf] /fd|f] xf]Og .
!)— / Ps of] ls O{Zj/sf] afx]s lbJo u'0fjfnf kbfy{x¿ / ljåfg\x¿nfO{ klg b]j gdfÌ'
7Ls xf]Og . lsgeg] k/d]Zj/ dxfb]j, / olb b]j x'Fb}gYof] eg] t ;a} b]jx¿sf :jfdL …dxfb]jÚ s;/L
elgGy] <
!!— Ps clUgxf]qflb k/f]ksf/s sd{x¿nfO{ st{Jo g;Demg' /fd|f] xf]Og .
!@— Clif–dxlif{n] u/]sf pksf/x¿nfO{ gdfg]/ O{;f cflbsf] kl5 e'mSg' /fd|f] xf]Og .
!#— / lagf sf/0f ljBf j]bx¿sf], cGo sfo{ ljBfx¿sf] k|j[lQ dfÌ' ;j{yf c;Dej 5 .
!$— / h'g ljBfsf] lr …o1f]kjLtÚ / …lzvfnfO{Ú 5f]8]/ d';ndfg–O{;fO{x¿sf] ;b[z ag]/
a:g' Joy{ 5 . ha ktn'g cflb j:q nufpF5f} / …tSdfÚ sf] OR5f ub{5f} eg] t s] o1f]kjLt cflbsf]
w]/} ef/ x'g uPsf] lyof] <
!%— / a|Xdfb]lv lnP/ kl5–kl5 cfof{jt{df y'k|} ljåfg\ ePsf 5g\, pgLx¿sf] k|z+;f gu/]/
o"/f]lkogsf] g} :t'ltdf plqg', o;nfO{ kIfkft / v'zfdbsf] lagf s] eÌ ;lsG5 <
!^— / aLhfª\s'/s} ;dfg h8–r]tgnfO{ of]uaf6 hLjf]TklQ dfÌ', pTklQsf] k"j{ hLjtŒjnfO{
gdfÌ' / pTkÌsf] gfz gdfÌ' k"jf{k/ lj?4 xf] . olb pTklQsf] k"j{ r]tg / h8 j:t' lyPg eg] t
hLj sxfFaf6 cfP / ;+of]u s;sf] eof] < olb oL b'O6}nfO{ ;gftg\ dfGb5f} eg] t 7Ls xf] k/Gt'
;[li6sf] k"j{ O{Zj/sf] lagf bf];|f] s'g} tŒjnfO{ gdfÌ', of] ltd|f] kIf Joy{ x'g hfG5 .
o;}n] olb pÌlt ug{ rfxG5f} eg] t …cfo{;dfhÚ sf] ;fy ldn]/ o;sf] p2]Zofg';f/ cfr/0f
ug{ :jLsf/ u/, gq eg] t s]xL klg xftdf nfUg]5}g, lsgeg] xfdL tkfO{+sf nflu clt plrt of]
x'G5 ls h'g b]zsf] kbfy{x¿n] z/L/ aGof], clxn] klg kfng e}/x]sf] 5, cufl8 klg x'g]5, o;sf]
pÌlt tg–dg–wgn] ;a} hgf ldn]/ k|Lltn] u/f}+ . o;} sf/0f h;/L cfo{;dfh cfof{jt{ b]zsf]
pÌltsf] sf/0f xf], To:tf] bf];|f] x'g ;Sb}g . olb o; ;dfhnfO{ oyfjt pÌlt lbPdf t clt /fd|f]
s'/f] x'g]5, lsgeg] ;dfhsf] ;f}efUo a9fpg] ;d'bfosf] sfd xf], Pp6fsf] xf]Og .
tGqflb ljifos k|Zgf]Q/x¿ -!!=#&_
k|Zg— tkfO{+n] ;a}sf] v08g ub}{ cfpg'ePsf] 5 k/Gt' cfˆgf]–cfˆgf] wd{df ;a} 7Ls 5g\ .
v08g s;}sf] ug{x'Fb}g . olb ug'{x'G5 t tkfO{+n] logLx¿sf eGbf ljz]if s] atfpg'x'G5 < olb
atfpg'x'G5 eg] t s] tkfO{+ eGbf clws hfÌ] jf t'No c¿ sf]xL k'?if lyPgg\ < / g 5g\ < o:tf]
cledfg ug'{ tkfO{+nfO{ plrt x'Fb}g, lsgeg] k/dfTdfsf] ;[li6df Ps–Ps eGbf clws, t'No / Go"g
w]/} 5g\ . s;}n] 3d08 ug'{ plrt x'Fb}g .
pQ/— wd{ Ps x'G5 ls cg]s < olb eGb5f} ls cg]s x'G5g\ ta t Ps–bf];|f;Fu lj?4
x'G5g\ ls clj?4 < olb eGb5f} ls lj?4 x'G5g\ ta t Pssf] lagf bf];|f] wd{ x'g ;Sb}g / olb
eGb5f} ls clj?4 x'G5g\ ta t k[ys\–k[ys\ x'g Joy{ 5 . To;}n] wd{ / cwd{ Pp6} xf], cg]s xf]Og,
oxL d}n] ljz]if eGb5' ls h:t} ;a} ;Dk|bfox¿sf pkb]zsx¿nfO{ sf]xL /fhfn] Ps 7fpFdf hDdf
u/fPdf t Ps xhf/ eGbf yf]/} x'Fb}gg\ xf]nf, k/Gt' logsf d'Vo efu x]¥of}+ eg] t k'/f0fL, ls/fgL,
h}gL / s'/fgL rf/ dfq} 5g\, lsgeg] oL rf/}df ;a} ;Dk|bfo cfpF5g\ . s'g} /fhfn] pgLx¿sf] ;ef
u/fP/ To;df sf]xL Ps hgf lh1f;' ag]/ k|yd jfddfuL{;Fu ;f]wf];\— æx] dxf/fh Û d}n] cfh;Dd g
sf]xL u'? / g t s'g} wd{nfO{ u|x0f u/]sf] 5', eÌ'xf];\ Û ;a} wd{ eGbf pQd wd{ s;sf] 5 < h;nfO{
d}n] u|x0f u¿F <Æ
jfddfuL{— xfd|f] 5 .
lh1f;'— oL gf} ;o pgfG;o s:tf 5g\ <
jfddfuL{— ;a} e'm§f / g/sufdL x'g\, lsgeg] …sf}nfTk/t/+ glxÚ -x]g'{xf];\–s'nf0f{j @÷*_ xfd|f]
wd{b]lv k/ s'g} wd{ 5}g .
lh1f;'— tkfO{+sf] wd{ s] xf] <
jfddfuL{— eujtLnfO{ dfÌ', dB–df+;flb k~r dsf/x¿sf] ;]jg, ?b|ofdn cflb rf};ÝL
tGqx¿nfO{ dfÌ' OToflb . olb ltdLn] d'lQmsf] OR5f ub{5f} eg] t xfd|f] r]nf ag .
lh1f;'— n x'G5, d c¿sf] klg bz{g u/]/ / ;f]w]/ cfpF5' . kZrft\ h;nfO{ rfxG5' p;}sf]
aÌ]5' .
jfddfuL{— c/] Û lsg e|flGtdf k/]sf 5f} . logLx¿n] ltdLnfO{ axsfP/ cfˆgf] hfndf
km;fpg]5g\ . s;}l;t ghfpm . xfd|} r]nf ag, gq k5'tfpg knf{ .
lh1f;'— n tlg x]/]/ cfpF5' . cufl8 a9]/ z}j;Fu ;f]Wof] p;n] klg o:t} pQ/ lbof] . olt
ljz]if eGof] ls— ælagf lzj, ?b|fIf, e:d wf/0f / lnËfr{gn] d'lQm slxNo} klg x'Fb}g .Æ To;n]
p;nfO{ 5f]8]/ gjLg j]bfGtLx¿l;t uof] .
lh1f;'—eÌ'xf];\ dxf/fh Û tkfO{+sf] wd{ s] xf] <
j]bfGtL— xfdLn] wdf{˜wd{ s]xL klg dfGb}gf}+ . xfdL ;fIfft\ a|Xd xf}+ . xfdLdf wdf{˜wd{ sxfF
x'G5 < of] hut\ ;a} ldYof xf] . olb 1fgL z'4 r]tg x'g rfxG5f} eg] t ltdLn] klg cfk"mnfO{ a|Xd
dfg, hLjefjnfO{ 5f]8, lgTod'Qm x'g]5f} .
lh1f;'— olb ltdL a|Xd lgTo d'Qm xf} eg] t a|Xdsf] u'0f–sd{–:jefj ltdLdf lsg 5}g < /
z/L/df lsg afFlwPsf 5f} <
j]bfGtL— ltdLnfO{ z/L/ b]lvPsf] 5, To;}n] ltdL e|fGt 5f} . xfdLnfO{ s]xL klg b]lv+b}g lagf
a|Xdsf] .
lh1f;'— ltdL b]Vg]jfnf sf] / s;nfO{ b]Vb5f} <
j]bfGtL— b]Vg]jfnf a|Xd / a|XdnfO{ a|Xdn] b]Vb5 .
lh1f;'— s] b'O6f a|Xd 5g\ <
j]bfGtL— xf]Og, cfk"mn] cfk}mnfO{ b]Vb5 .
lh1f;'— s] sf]xL cfˆgf] sfFwdf cfk}m r9\g ;Sb5 < ltd|f] s'/f]df s]xL bd 5}g, of] t
ax'nfxkgsf] s'/f] xf] .
To;n] cufl8 a9]/ h}gLx¿l;t uP/ ;f]Wof] . pgLx¿n] klg o:t} eg] k/Gt' olt ljz]if eg]
ls— ælh0f wd{ sf] lagf ;a} wd{ vf]6f], hut\sf] stf{ cgflb O{Zj/ sf]xL xf]Og, hut\ cgflb
sfnb]lv h:tfsf] t:t} alg/fv]sf] 5 / alg/xg]5 . cfpm, ltdL xfd|f] r]nf ag, lsgeg] xfdL
…;DoSTjLÚ cyf{t\ ;a} k|sf/af6 7Ls 5f}, pQd s'/fnfO{ dfGb5f}+ . h}gdfu{b]lv leÌ ;a} ldYofTjL
x'g\ .Æ
cufl8 a9]/ O{;fO{;Fu ;f]Wof] . To;n] jfddfuL{sf] t'No ;a} k|Zg pQ/ u¥of] . olt ljz]if
atfof] ls— æ;a} dg'io kfkL 5g\, cfˆgf] ;fdYo{af6 kfk 5'6\b}g . lagf O{;fdfly ljZjf;n] kljq
eP/ d'lQmnfO{ kfpg ;Sb}g . O{;fn] ;a}sf] k|folZrQsf] nflu cfˆgf] Hofg lbP/ bof k|sflzt u]/sf
5g\ . ltdL xfd|f] g} r]nf ag .Æ
lh1f;'n] ;'g]/ df}njL ;fxal;t uof] . pgLl;t klg o:t} k|Zgf]Q/ u¥of] . olt ljz]if eg]
ls— ænfz/Ls v'bf, p;sf k}uDa/ / s'/fgz/LkmnfO{ lagf dfg] s;}n] lghft kfpg ;Sb}g . h;n]
o; dhxanfO{ dfGb}g, Tof] bf]hvL / sflkm/ xf], jflha'NsTn xf] .Æ
lh1f;'n] ;'g]/ j}i0fjl;t uof] . To;/L g} ;+jfb eof] . olt ljz]if eGof] ls— æxfd|f] lgwf/df
ltns5fk b]v]/ od/fh 8/fpF5 .Æ lh1f;'n] dgdg} ;D‰of] ls ha nfdv'§], dfvf, k'ln;sf l;kfxL,
rf]/, 8fFs" / zq' 8/fpFb}gg\ eg] t od/fhsf u0f lsg 8/fpg] <
k]ml/ cufl8 a9\bf t ;a} dtjfnfx¿n] cfˆgf]–cfˆgf]sf] ;fFrf] eg] . sf]xL xfd|f saL/ ;fFrf,
sf]xL xfd|f gfgs ;fFrf, sf]xL bfb", sf]xL jNne, sf]xL ;xhfgGb, sf]xL dfWj cflbnfO{ 7"nf / cjtf/
atfpg] ;'g] . xhf/f}+l;t ;f]w]/, pgLx¿sf] k/:k/ lj/f]w b]v]/, ljz]if lgZro u¥of], logLx¿df sf]xL
klg u'? u/fpg of]Uo 5}g . lsgeg] Ps–Pssf] e'm6df gf} ;o pgfG;o ;fIfL ag] . h:tf] e'm6f]
bf]sfGbf/ jf j]Zof / eF8'jf cflb cfˆgf]–cfˆgf] j:t'sf] /fd|f] / csf{sf] g/fd|f] ub{5g\, To:t} oL 5g\,
o:tf] hfg—
tlå1fgfy{+ ; u'?d]jfleuR5]t\ . ;ldTkfl0fM >f]lqo+ a|Xdlgi7d\ ..!..
t:d} ; ljåfg'k;Ìfo ;DoSk|zfGtlrQfo zdflGjtfo .
o]gfIf/+ k'?if+ j]b ;To+ k|f]jfr tf+ tŒjtf] a|XdljBfd\ ..@..
—d'08sf]klgifb\ -d'08s !÷v08 @÷dGq !@–!#_ ..
p; ;Tosf] lj1fgfy{ Tof] …;ldTkfl0fÚ cyf{t\ xft hf]8]/ cl/Qmx:t eP/ j]bljt\ a|Xdlgi7
k/dfTdfnfO{ hfÌsf] nflu u'?sxfF hfcf];\ . oL kfv08Lx¿sf] hfndf gk/f];\ ..!.. ha o:tf] lh1f;'
ljåfg\sxfF hfG5, To; zfGtlrQ, lht]lGb|o, ;dLk–k|fKt lh1f;'nfO{ oyfy{ a|XdljBfsf] u'0f–sd{–
:jefjsf] pkb]z u/f];\ / h'g–h'g ;fwgaf6 Tof] >f]tf wdf{y{, sfd, df]If / k/dfTdfnfO{ hfÌ
;sf];\, To:tf] lzIff u/f];\ ..@..
ha o:tf] k'?ifsxfF uP/ eGof] ls dxf/fh Û ca oL ;Dk|bfoLx¿sf av]8fn] d]/f] lrQ e|fGt
ePsf] 5, lsgeg] olb logLx¿ dWo]df s'g} Pssf] r]nf ag]+ eg] t gf} ;o pgfG;o hgf;Fu lj/f]wL
x'g'kg]{5 . h;sf gf} ;o pgfG;o zq' / Ps ldq x'G5, To;nfO{ ;'v slxNo} klg x'g ;Sb}g . o;}n]
tkfO{+n] dnfO{ pkb]z lbg'xf];\, h;nfO{ d}n] u|x0f u¿F .
cfKtljåfg\— oL ;a} dt cljBfhGo ljBflj/f]wL x'g\ . d"v{, kfd/ / hËnL dg'iox¿nfO{
axsfP/ cfˆgf] hfndf km;fP/ cfˆgf] k|of]hg l;4 ub{5g\ . tL lar/f cfˆgf] dg'io hGdsf]
kmnb]lv /lxt eP/ cfˆgf] dg'io hGd Joy}{ u'dfpF5g\ . x]/ Û h'g s'/fdf oL ;a} hgf Ps dt x'G5g\,
Tof] j]bdt u|fXo 5 / h;df k/:k/ lj/f]w x'G5, Tof] slNkt, e'm6f], cwd{, cu|fXo x'G5 .
lh1f;'— o;sf] k/LIff s;/L ug]{ <
cfKtljåfg\— ltdL uP/ oL–oL s'/fx¿nfO{ ;f]w . ;a}sf] Ps ;Ddlt x'g]5 . ta lh1f;'n] tL
xhf/ d08nLsf] dfemdf pleP/ eGof] ls— æ;a} hgfn] ;'Ì'xf];\ Û ;Toefif0fdf wd{ x'G5 ls
ldYofdf <Æ ;a}n] Ps :j/ u/]/ eg] ls æ;Toefif0fdf wd{ / c;Toefif0fdf cwd{ x'G5 .Æ æTo;} u/L
ljBf k9\g, a|Xdro{ ug{, k"0f{ o'jfj:yfdf ljjfx, ;T;Ë, k'?iffy{, ;To Jojxf/ cflbdf wd{Ù / cljBf
u|x0f, a|Xdro{ gug]{, Jolerf/ ug]{, s';Ë, cfn:o, c;To Jojxf/, 5n, sk6, lx+;f, k/xflg ug]{
cflb sd{x¿df <Æ ;a} Psdt eP/ Ps} :j/df eg] ls æljBflbsf] u|x0fdf wd{ / cljBflbsf]
u|x0fdf cwd{ .Æ ta lh1f;'n] ;a};Fu eGof] ls— æltdLx¿ o;} k|sf/n] ;a} hgf Psdt eP/
;Towd{sf] pÌlt / ldYofdfu{sf] xflg lsg ub}{gf} <Æ tL ;a}n] eg]— æolb xfdLn] o:tf] u¥of}+ eg] t
xfdLnfO{ s;n] ;f]Wg] < xfd|f r]nfx¿ xfd|f cf1fdf /xg] 5}gg\, hLljsf gi6 x'g hfg]5, k]ml/ h'g
cfgGb xfdLn] u/]/ a;]sf 5f}+, ;f] xftaf6 k'mTsg] 5 . o;}n] xfdL hfGb5f} t/ klg cfˆgf]–cfˆgf]
dtsf] pkb]z / cfu|x ub}{ hfG5f}+ . lsgeg] …/f]6L vfOo] zSs/ ;] cf}/ b'lgofF 7luo] dSs/ ;]Ú o:tf]
s'/f] 5 . x]/ Û ;+;f/df ;Lwf–;Rrf dg'ionfO{ s;}n] ;f]Wb}g . h;n] h]–hlt 9f]ËLafhL / w"t{tf ub{5
To;}n] kbfy{ kfpF5 .Æ
lh1f;'— h'g ltdLn] o:tf] kfv08 dt rnfP/ cGo dg'iox¿nfO{ 7Ub5f}, ltdLnfO{ /fhfn]
b08 lsg lb+b}g <
dt–jfnf— xfdLn] /fhfnfO{ klg cfˆgf] r]nf agfPsf 5f}+ . xfdLn] kSsf k|aGw u/]sf 5f}+,
5'6\g] 5}g .
lh1f;'— ha ltdL 5nn] cGo dg'iox¿nfO{ 7u]/, pgsf] xflg ub{5f}, k/d]Zj/sf] ;fd'Ì] s]
pQ/ lbg]5f} < / 3f]/ g/sdf kg]{5f}, 5f]6f] hLjgsf] nflu olt 7"nf] ck/fw ug{ lsg 5f]8\b}gf} <
dt–jfnf— h] t xf]nf . g/s / k/d]Zj/sf] b08 ha xf]nf ta xf]nf, clxn] t cfgGb
ub{5f}+ . xfdLnfO{ k|;Ìtfn] wg lbG5g\, anfTsf/ u/]/ ln+b}gf}+, k]ml/ /fhfn] b08 lsg lbg] <
lh1f;'— h;/L s;}n] afnsnfO{ k'm:nfP/ wgflb kbfy{ xb{5, h:tf] p;nfO{ b08 ldNb5,
To:tf] ltdLnfO{ lsg ldNb}g < lsgeg]—
c1f] ejlt j} afnM lktf ejlt dGqbM .. —dg':d[lt -cWofo @÷Znf]s !%#_ ..
hf] 1fg/lxt x'G5, Tof] …afnsÚ / h;n] 1fg lbG5, Tof] …lktfÚ / …j[4Ú gfdn] lrlgG5 . hf]
a'l4dfg\ ljåfg\ x'G5, Tof] t ltd|f] s'/fdf km:b}g, lsGt' c1fgL h'g afnssf] ;b[z x'G5, ltgnfO{
7Ugfn] ltdLnfO{ /fhb08 cjZo x'g'kb{5 .
dt–jfnf— ha /fhf / k|hf ;a} xfd|f] dtdf 5g\ eg] t xfdLnfO{ b08 lbg]jfnf s'g x'G5 <
ha o:tf] Joj:yf x'g]5 ta oL s'/fx¿nfO{ 5f8]/ csf]{ Joj:yf ug]{5f}+ .
lh1f;'— h'g ltdLn] al;–al; Joy{ dfn dfb{5f} eg] t ljBfEof; u/]/ u[x:yx¿sf 5f]/f–
5f]/LnfO{ k9fPdf t ltd|f] / u[x:yx¿sf] sNof0f x'g]5 .
dt–jfnf— olb xfdLn] afNoj:yfb]lv lnP/ d/0f;Ddsf] ;'vnfO{ 5f]l8lbg], afNofj:yfb]lv
o'jfj:yf;Dd ljBf k9\gdf, kZrft\ k9fpgdf / pkb]z ug{df hGdel/ kl/>d ug{df, xfdLnfO{ s]
k|of]hg < xfdLnfO{ t olQs}df nfvf}+ ?k}ofF ldNb5, r}g ub{5f}+, To;nfO{ lsg 5f]8\g] <
lh1f;'— o;sf] kl/0ffd t g/fd|f] x'G5, x]/ Û ltdLnfO{ 7"nf] /f]u nfUg]5, zL3| dg]{5f},
a'l4dfg\x¿df lglGbt x'G5f}, k]ml/ klg lsg a'‰b}gf} <
dt—jfnf— c/] efO Û
6sf wd{i6sf sd{ 6sf lx k/d+ kbd\ . o:o u[x] 6sf gfl:t xf Û 6sf+ 6s6sfot] ..!..
cfgf c+zsnfM k|f]Qmf ¿Kof]˜;f} eujfg\ :jod\ . ct:t+ ;j{+ OR5lGt ¿Ko+ lx u'0jQdd\ ..@..
ltdL s]6f xf}, ;+;f/sf] s'/f] ltdLnfO{ yfxf 5}g, x]/ Û k};fsf] lagf wd{, k};fsf] lagf sd{,
k};fsf] lagf k/dkb x'Fb}g, h;sf] 3/df k};f 5}g, Tof] xfo Û k};f–k};f ubf{–ub}{ pQd kbfy{x¿nfO{
6s–6s x]l//fVb5 ls xfo Û d;Fu k};f x'GYof] eg] t pQd kbfy{x¿nfO{ ef]Ug] lyPF ..!.. lsgeg]
;a}n] ;f]x| snfo'Qm cb[Zo eujfg\sf] syg–>j0f ub{5g\, ;f] t b]lv+b}g, k/Gt' ;f]x| cfgf / k};f
sf}8L¿k c+z snfo'Qm h'g ?k}ofF xf], ToxL ;fIfft\ eujfg\ xf] . To;}n] ;a} hgf ?k}ofFsf] vf]lhdf
nfu]sf 5g\, lsgeg] ;a}sf sfd ?k}ofFaf6} l;4 x'G5g\ ..@..
lh1f;'— 7Ls 5, ltdLleqsf] nLnf aNn aflx/ lgl:sof] . ltdLn] hlt of] kfv08 v8f u/]sf
5f}, Tof] ;a} cfˆgf] ;'vsf] nflu u/]sf xf}, k/Gt' o;af6 hut\sf] gfz x'G5 . lsgeg] h;/L
;Tof]kb]zaf6 ;+;f/nfO{ nfe k'Ub5, To;/L g} c;Tof]kb]zaf6 xflg k'Ub5 . ha ltdLnfO{ wgsf] g}
k|of]hg lyof] eg] t gf]s/L Jofkf/ u/]/ wg lsg sdfpFb}gf} <
dt–jfnf— To;df kl/>d / xflg klg x'G5, k/Gt' o;df xflg slxNo} x'Fb}g, nfe}nfe x'G5 .
x]/ Û t'n;L r/0ffd[t lbP/, s07L afFw]/, r]nf d'8]/, hGdel/sf] kz' x'g hfG5, rfx] h:t} af]em
nfbf}+ .
lh1f;'— oL dfG5]x¿ ltdLnfO{ y'k|} wg s]sf nflu lbG5g\ <
dt–jffnf— wd{, :ju{ / d'lQmsf] cy{ .
lh1f;'— ha ltdL g} d'Qm 5}gf}, g t d'lQmsf] :j¿k jf ;fwgnfO{ hfGb5f} eg] t ltd|f] ;]jf
ug]{x¿nfO{ s] ldNg]5 <
 dt–jfnf— s] o; nf]sdf ldNb5 < ldNb}gÙ lsGt' k/nf]sdf ldNb5 . hlt oL dfG5]x¿n]
xfdLnfO{ lbG5g\ jf ;]jf ub{5g\, Tof] ;a} d/]k5fl8 logLx¿nfO{ ldNb5 .
lh1f;'— logLx¿n] lbPsf] t kfpF5g\ ls kfpFb}gg\, ltdL lng]jfnfnfO{ s] ldN5 < g/s jf
cGo s]xL <
dt–jfnf— xfdLn] ehg ub{5f}+ . o;sf] ;'v xfdLnfO{ ldNg]5 .
lh1f;'— ltd|f] ehg t k};fs} nflu xf] . Tof] ;a} k};f oxL+ /xg]5, / h'g df+;lk08nfO{ oxfF
kfNb5f}, Tof] e:d x'g]5 . olb ltdLn] O{Zj/sf] ehg ub{Yof} eg] t ltd|f] cfTdf klg kljq x'g] lyof] .
dt–jfnf— s] xfdL cz'4 5f}+ <
lh1f;'— leqsf a8f] d}nf 5f} .
dt–jfnf— ltdLn] s;/L hfGof} <
lh1f;'— ltd|f] rfn–rngaf6 .
dt–jfnf— dxfTdfx¿sf Jojxf/ xfQLs} bfFtsf] ;dfg x'G5 . h;/L xfQLsf] bfFt vfgsf]
nflu leÌ} / b]vfpgsf] nflu leÌ}, To;/L g} leqaf6 xfdL kljq 5f}+ aflx/af6 nLnfdfq ub{5f}+ .
lh1f;'— olb ltdL leqaf6 z'4 x'GYof} eg] t aflx/sf] sfd klg z'4 x'GYof], To;}n] leqaf6
klg d}nf 5f} .
dt–jfnf— xfdL rfx] h:tf;'s} xf}+ k/Gt' xfd|f r]nf t 7Ls 5g\ .
lh1f;'— h:tf ltdL u'? 5f}, To:t} ltd|f r]nf klg xf]nfg\ .
dt–jfnf— Psdt slxNo} x'g ;Sb}g, lsgeg] dg'iosf] u'0f–sd{–:jefj leÌ–leÌ x'G5 .
lh1f;'— olb afNoj:yfdf Ps ;dfg lzIff lbOG5, ;Toefif0fflb wd{sf] u|x0f /
ldYofefif0fflb cwd{sf] Tofu u/]df t Psdt cjZo x'g ;lsG5 . / b'O{ dt cyf{t \ wdf{Tdf /
cwdf{Tdf ;bf /xG5g\, ltgLx¿ /x"g\ . k/Gt' wdf{Tdf clws x'gfn] / cwdL{ Go"g x'gfn] ;+;f/df ;'v
a9\b5 / ha cwdL{ clws x'g hfG5g\ ta b'Mv a9\b5 . ha ;a} ljåfg\x¿n] Ps}vfn] pkb]z u/]df
t Psdt x'gdf slQ klg ljnDa x'Fb}g .
dt–jfnf— cfhef]ln …slno'uÚ 5, ;Too'usf] s'/f gu/ .
lh1f;'— …slno'uÚ gfd sfnsf] xf] . sfn lgliqmo x'gfn] s]xL wdf{y{ ug{sf] nflu ;fws–
afws x'Fb}g, ltdLx¿ g} slno'usf d"lt{x¿ alg/x]sf 5f} . olb dg'io g} ;Too'u–slno'u x'Fb}g eg]
t sf]xL klg ;+;f/df wdf{Tdf x'Gy]gg\ . oL ;a} ;Ësf] u'0f–bf]if xf], :jfefljs xf]Og .
olt eg]/ cfKt;Fu uof] . pgL;Fu eGof] ls dxf/fh Û ltdLn] d]/f] p4f/ u¥of} , gq eg] t d
klg s;}sf] hfndf km;]/ gi6 x'g hfGy]+, ca d}n] klg oL kfv08Lx¿sf] v08g / j]bf]Qm ;To–dtsf]
d08g ug]{5' .
cfKt— oxL g} ;a} dg'iox¿sf], ljz]if ljåfg\ / ;+Gof;Lx¿sf] sfd xf] ls dg'ionfO{ ;Tosf]
d08g / c;Tosf] v08g k9fpg]–;'gfpg] u/]/ ;Tof]kb]zaf6 pksf/ k'¥ofpg' kb{5 .
a|Xdrf/L Pj+ ;+Gof;Lsf] ;dLIff -!!=#*_
k|Zg— …a|Xdrf/LÚ, …;+Gof;LÚ t 7Ls 5g\ <
pQ/— oL cf>d t 7Ls x'g\ . k/Gt' cfhef]ln logdf klg w]/} u8a8L rn]sf] 5 . sltn]
gfd …a|Xdfr/LÚ /fv]/, h6f a9fP/ e'm6–d'6 l;4fO{ ub{5g\, hk k'/Zr/0fflbdf kml;/fVb5g\, ljBf
k9\gsf] nflu gfd klg ln+b}gg\ ls h'g x]t'af6 …a|Xdrf/LÚ gfd x'G5, To; …a|XdÚ cyf{t\ j]b k9\gdf
slQ klg kl/>d ub}{gg\ . tL …a|Xdrf/LÚ afv«fsf] 3fF6Ldf e'ml08Psf n'sf{gh:t} lg/y{s x'g\ . / hf]
To:tf …;+Gof;LÚ— ljBfxLg, b08 lnP/, leIff dfUb} lkmb{5g\, slQ klg j]bdfu{sf] pÌlt ub}{gg\, ;fg}
cj:yfdf ;+Gof; lnP/ 3'Db5g\, ljBfEof;nfO{ 5f]l8lbG5g\ . o:tf a|Xdrf/L / ;+Gof;L otf–ptf
hn, :yn, kfiff0fflb d"lt{x¿sf] bz{g, k"hg ub}{–lkmb}{, ljBf hfg]/ klg df}g /xG5g\, PsfGt b]zdf
oy]i6 vfP/–lkP/ ;'lt/fVb5g\, / O{iof{–å]ifdf km;]/ lgGbf–s'r]i6f ub}{ lgjf{x ub{5g\, sfiffo j:q /
b08–u|x0fdfqn] cfk"mnfO{ s[ts[To ;DemG5g\, cfk"mnfO{ ;jf]{Ts[i6 hfg]/ pQd sfd ub}{gg\, o:tf
…;+Gof;LÚ klg hut\df Joy}{ jf; ub{5g\ . / h;n] ;a hut\sf] lxt ;fW5g\, tL 7Ls 5g\ .
k|Zg— lu/L, k'/L, ef/tL, cflb uf];f+O{x¿ t 7Ls 5g\ Û lsgeg] d08nL afFw]/ otf–ptf
3'Db5g\, ;os8f}+ ;fw'x¿nfO{ cfgGb u/fpF5g\, ;j{q cå}tdtsf] pkb]z ub{5g\, / sltn] t k9\g]–
k9fpg] klg ub{5g\ o;}n] ltgLx¿ /fd|f 5g\ xf]nf .
 pQ/— oL ;a} bz gfd kl5af6 slNkt ul/Psf x'g\, ;gftg xf]Ogg\ . logsf d08nLx¿
s]jn ef]hgfyL{ x'g\ . y'k|} ;fw'x¿ ef]hgsf] nflu g} d08nLx¿df /xG5g\ . bDeL klg x'G5g\, lsgeg]
Pp6fnfO{ dxGt agfP/, ;foÍfndf Ps dxGt h'g ls ltgLx¿df k|wfg x'G5, Tof] u2Ldf a:b5 .
;a} a|fXd0f / ;fw' pleP/ xftdf k'ik ln+b}—
gf/fo0f+ kßej+ jl;i7+ zlQ+m r tTk'qk/fz/+ r . Jof;+ z's+ uf}8kb+ dxfGtd\ ..
—x]g{x' f];\ k'ikf~hln ..
OToflb Znf]s k9]/ x/–x/ eGb}, To;dfly k'ik jiff{ ub}{, ;fi6fË gd:sf/ ub{5g\ . hf] s;}n]
o:tf] ub}{g, p;nfO{ ToxfF /xFg klg sl7g x'G5 . of] bDe ;+;f/nfO{ b]vfpgsf] nflu ub{5g\, h;af6
hut\df k|lti7f eP/ dfn ldnf];\ .
slt d7wf/L t u[:y eP/ klg ;+Gof;sf] cledfg dfq ub{5g\, sd{ s]xL klg ub}{gg\ .
;+Gof;sf] ToxL sd{ xf], h'g kfFrf}+ ;d'Nnf;df n]v]/ cfPF, To;nfO{ gu/]/ Joy}{ ;do ujfpF5g\ . olb
s;}n] /fd|f] pkb]z u/]df klg lj/f]wL x'G5g\ . ax'wf logLx¿ e:d, ?b|fIf wf/0f ub{5g\ / s;}–s;}n]
z}j tyf j}i0fj ;Dk|bfosf] cledfg /fVb5g\ / ha slxn]sflx+ zf:qfy{ rNb5 eg], ta t cfˆgf]
dtsf] cyf{t\ zÍ/frfof]{Qmsf] :yfkg / rqmflÍt cflbsf] v08gdf k|j[Q /xG5g\ . j]bdfu{sf] pÌlt /
ofjTkfv08 dfu{ hlt 5g\ tfjTsf] v08gdf k|j[Q x'Fb}gg\ . oL ;+Gof;Lx¿n] o:tf] ;DemG5g\ ls
xfdLnfO{ v08g–d08gl;t s] k|of]hg < xfdL t dxfTdf xf}+, o:tf hgx¿ klg ;+;f/df ef/¿k g}
x'g\ .
ha o:tf x'gfn], ta g} j]bdfu{lj/f]wL jfddfuf{lb ;Dk|bfoL, O{;fO{, d';ndfg, h}gL cflb a9\g
k'u], clxn] klg al9/fv]sf 5g\ / logsf] gfz x'Fb} u}/x]sf] 5 tfklg logsf cfFvf v'Nb}g Û v'nf];\ klg
sxfFaf6 < h]–hlt pgsf dgdf k/f]ksf/–a'l4 / st{Josd{ ug{df pT;fx x'GYof] Û lsGt' logLx¿
cfˆgf] k|lti7f vfg–lkpgsf] ;fd'Ì] cGo clws s]xL ;Demb}gg\ / ;+;f/sf] lgGbfb]lv clt 8/fpF5g\ .
k'gM -nf]s}if0ff_ cyf{t\ nf]sdf k|lti7f, -ljQ}if0ff_ wg a9fpgdf tTk/ x'Fb} ljifoef]u, -k'q}if0ff_ k'qjt\
lziodfly df]lxt x'g', oL tLg Pif0ffx¿nfO{ Tofu ug{ plrt 5 . ha Pif0ff g} 5'6 \b}g eg], k'gM
;+Gof; s;/L x'g ;Sb5 < cyf{t\ kIfkft/lxt j]bdfuf]{kb]zaf6 hut\sf] sNof0f ug{df cxlg{z k|j[Q
/xg' ;+Gof;Lx¿sf] d'Vo sfd xf] . ha cfˆgf]–cfˆgf] clwsf/sf] sd{x¿nfO{ ub}{gg\, k'gM ;+Gof;flb
gfd wf/0f ug'{ Joy{ 5 . gq t h;/L u[x:y Jojxf/, :jfy{df kl/>d ub{5g\, ;+Gof;L klg eP lsGt'
h;n] pgLx¿ eGbf clws kl/>d k/f]ksf/ ug{df tTk/ /xG5, ta g} ;a} cf>d pÌltdf /xG5g\ .
x]/ Û ltd|f] ;fd'Ì] kfv08–dt a9\b} uPsf 5g\ . O{;fO{–d';ndfg;Dd alg/fv]sf 5g\ .
ltdLaf6 cfˆgf] 3/sf] /Iff / csf{nfO{ ldnfpg aÌ ;Sb}g . ta g} aG5, ha ltdLn] klg ug{
rfxG5f} Û ha;Dd jt{dfg / eljioTdf ;+Gof;L pÌltzLn x'Fb}gg\, ta;Dd cfof{jt{ / cGo b]z:y
dg'iox¿sf] j[l4 x'Fb}g . ha j[l4sf] sf/0f j]bflb zf:qx¿sf] k7g–kf7g, a|Xdrof{lb cf>dx¿sf]
oyfjt\ cg'i7fg, ;Tof]kb]z x'G5g\, ta g} b]zf]Ìlt x'g] ub{5 .
r]t /fv Û y'k|} kfv08sf s'/fx¿ ltdLnfO{ ;fFrf] nfUg ;Sb5 . h;/L sf]xL ;fw' jf
bf]sfGbf/n] k'q k|fKt u/fOlbg] l;l4 atfpF5g\ ta To;sxfF y'k|} :qLx¿ hfG5g\, ;a}n] k'q dfUb5g\, /
afafhLn] ;a}nfO{ k'q x'g] cfzLjf{b lbG5 . tL dWo]df h;–h;nfO{ k'q x'G5 ltgLx¿n] ;DemG5g\ ls
afafhLsf] jrgn] eof] . ha ltgLx¿;Fu s;}n] ;f]wf];\ ls ;'Fu'gL{, s's'gL{, uwLgL / s'v'/L cflb kz'
/ kIfLx¿sf sRrf–aRrf s'g afafhLsf] j/n] x'g] ub{5g\ < ta s]xL klg pQ/ lbg ;Sg] 5}gg\ Û hf]
s;}n] eGb5 ls 5f]/fnfO{ hLpFb} /fVg ;Sb5' t cfk}m lsg d/]/ hfG5 <
slt w"t{x¿n] t o:tf] dfof /Rb5g ls 7"nf–7"nf a'l4dfgLx¿ klg wf]sf vfg k'Ub5g\, h:t}
wg;f/Lsf 7u . logLx¿ kfFr–;ft hgf ldn]/ clg 6f9f–6f9f b]zdf hfG5g\ . h'g rflx+ z/L/n]
l8n8fndf /fd|f] b]lvG5, To;}nfO{ l;4 agfpF5g\ . h'g gu/ jf u|fddf wgf9Ø x'G5g\, To;sf] ;dLk
hËndf Tof] l;4nfO{ a;fpF5g\ . p;sf ;fws gu/df uP/ c~hfg aGb} hf] s;};Fu ;f]W5g\—
æltdLn] o:tf dxfTdfnfO{ oxfF st} b]Vof} <Æ Tof] dxfTdf sf] xf] / s:tf] 5 <
;fws— a8f] l;4 k'?if 5g\ . dgsf] s'/f] atfOlbG5g\ . h] d'vn] eG5g\, Tof] eP/} 5f8\5 .
7"nf] of]uL/fh x'g\ . pgsf] bz{gsf] nflu xfdLn] cfˆgf] 3/–åf/ 5f]8]/ vf]Hb}5f}+ . d}n] s;};Fuaf6
;'g]sf] lyPF ls tL dxfTdf ot}lt/ cfPsf 5g\ .
 u[x:y— ha tL dxfTdf ltdLnfO{ ldn] eg] t xfdLnfO{ klg atfOlbg', bz{g u/]/ dgsf] s'/f]
;f]Wg]5f}+ .
o;} k|sf/ lbge/L gu/df lkmb}{ / k|To]snfO{ To; l;4sf] s'/f] eg]/ /flqdf hDdf eP/ l;4–
;fws aGb} vfg]–lkpg] / ;'Tg] ub{5g\ . k]ml/ klg k|ftMsfn gu/ jf u|fddf uP/ To;} k|sf/n] b'O{–
tLg lbg eGb} k]ml/ rf/} ;fwsn] s'g} Ps–Ps wgf9Ø;Fu eGb5g\ ls— ætL dxfTdf ldn]sf 5g\ .
ltdLnfO{ bz{g ug]{ OR5f ePdf lx+8 .Æ tL ha tof/ x'G5g\ ta ;fwsn] pgLx¿;Fu ;f]W5g\ ls
ltdLn] s] s'/f ;f]Wg rfxG5f} < xfdLnfO{ eg . s;}n] k'qsf] OR5f ub{5, s;}n] wgsf], s;}n] /f]u
lgjf/0fsf] / s;}n] zq'nfO{ lhTgsf] nflu . pgLx¿nfO{ ;fwsn] n}hfG5g\ .
l;4–;fwsx¿n] h:tf] ;+s]t u/]sf x'G5g\ cyf{t\ h;nfO{ wgsf] OR5f 5 p;sf] bflxg]lt/,
h;nfO{ k'qsf] OR5f 5 p;nfO{ ;Dd'v, h;nfO{ /f]u lgjf/0fsf] OR5f 5 p;nfO{ afofFlt/, / h;sf]
zq'nfO{ lhTg] OR5f 5 p;nfO{ k5fl8lt/af6 nu]/ ;fd'Ì]jfnfsf] dfemdf a;fpF5g\ . ha gd:sf/
ub{5g\, p;} ;dodf Tof] l;4 pgLx¿;Fu af]Nb5 ls— æxfdL;Fu k'q /fv]sf 5}gf}+, h'g ltdL k'qsf]
OR5f u/]/ xfdLsxfF cfof} <Æ o;} k|sf/ wgjfnfnfO{ æltdL wgsf] OR5f u/]/ cfof} < kmls/x¿;Fu
wg sxfF /flvPsf] x'G5 <Æ /f]ujfnf;Fu— æltdL /f]u 5'6fpgsf] cfzfn] cfof} < xfdL j}B xf]Ogf}+,
hfpm s'g} j}BsxfF .Æ
k/Gt' ha To;sf] lktf /f]uL 5 eg] t p;sf ;fws a"9L cf}+nf], cfdf /f]uL ePdf t rf]/
cf}+nf], efO /f]uL ePdf t dfemL cf}+nf], :qL /f]uL ePdf t sfOFnL cf}+nf], sGof /f]uL ePdf t sfG5L
cf}+nf] rnfP/ b]vfOlbG5g\ . To;nfO{ b]v]/ Tof] l;4n] eGb5 ls ltd|f] lktf /f]uL 5, ltd|L cfdf
la/fdL 5g\, ltd|f] efO, ltd|f] :qL / ltd|f] 5f]/L /f]uL 5g\ . ta t tL rf/} hgf df]lxt x'g hfG5g\ .
;fwsx¿n] pgLx¿nfO{ eGb5g\, x]/ Û xfdLn] h:tf] eg]sf lyof}+ To:t} /x]5g\ ls /x]g5g\ t <
u[x:yn] eGb5g\— xf], h:tf] ;'g]sf lyof}+ To:t} /x]5g\ . ltdLn] a8f] pksf/ u¥of} / xfd|f]
7"nf] efUo /x]5 ls, o:tf dxf/fhsf] bz{g ldNof] .
;fwsx¿n] eGb5g\ ls oL dxfTdf oxfF w]/} lbg a:b}gg\ . h]–hlt cfzLjf{b lng' 5 /fd|f];Fu
;]jf u/ .
tL u[x:yx¿ k|z+;f ub}{ 3/lt/ nfUb5g\ . ;fws klg pgsf ;fy}df hfG5g\, lsgeg] dfu{df
s;}n] pgLx¿sf] kfv08sf] kf]n gvf]lnlbpmg\ . tL wgf9Øx¿sf] sf]xL cfˆgf ldq ldNbf klg To;sf]
k|z+;f ;'gfpF5g\ . o;} k|sf/ hf]–hf] ;fwsx¿;Fu hfG5g\ ltgLx¿sf j[QfGt ;a} atfOlbG5g\ .
ha gu/df xNnf x'G5 ta y'k|} dg'iosf] hdft uP/ ;f]w] ls dxf/fh Û d]/f] dgsf] j[QfGt
elglbg'xf];\, ta l;4hL r'krfk x'G5 / eGb5 ls dnfO{ lbSs gkf/ . p;sf ;fwsn] klg ;a};Fu
eÌ nfUb5g\— æolb ltdLn] w]/} lbSs kf¥of} eg] t 5f]8]/ hfg]5g\ .Æ tL dWo]df ;a} eGbf 7"nf] hf]
x'G5 To;n] ;fwsnfO{ af]nfP/ ;f]Wg nufpF5g\ ls æd]/f] dgsf] s'/f eg]df dfq d}n] dfÌ]5' .Æ
;fwsn] ;f]Wof] æs] s'/f xf] <Æ wgf9Øn] atfof] . To;nfO{ p;} k|sf/sf] ;+s]tn] nu]/ a;fP . p;n]
t'?Gt} elglbof] . s'/f] t'?Gt} le8df k}mlnof] / ;a} ;De]m ls cxf] Û a8f] l;4 k'?if /x]5 . sf]xLn]
ld7fO{, sf]xLn] k};f, sf]xLn] ?k}ofF, sf]xLn] czkmL{, sf]xLn] n'uf / sf]xLn] ;Lwf–;fdfu|L lbg yfn] .
k]ml/ ha;Dd dflg/fv] ta;Dd n'6\b}/fv] / s'g} …cfFvfsf] cGwf] ufF7sf] k"/fÚ nfO{ k'q x'g] cfzLjf{b
lbP/ xhf/f}+ ?k}ofF lnP/ eGof] ls ltd|f] ;fFrf] elQm eof] eg] t k'q x'g]5 .
o; k|sf/sf w]/} 7u x'G5g\, h;sf] ljåfg\n] dfq} k/LIff ug{ ;Sb5 c¿ s;}n] ;Sb}gg\ .
To;}n] j]bflb ljBf k9\g', ;T;Ë ug'{kb{5 h;af6 s;}n] p;nfO{ 7ufOdf km;fpg g;sf];\, c¿nfO{
klg arfpg ;sf];\ . lsgeg] dg'iosf] cfFvf eg]sf] ljBf g} xf] . lagf ljBf lzIffn] 1fg x'Fb}g .
h;n] afNofj:yfb]lv g} pQd lzIff kfpF5, ToxL dg'io ljåfg\ x'G5 . hf] s';ËL x'G5g\, tL b'i6, kfkL,
dxfd"v{ eP/ a8f] b'Mv kfpF5g\ . To;}n] 1fgnfO{ ljz]if elgPsf] 5 ls h;n] hfGb5, To;}nfO{
dfGb5g\ .
g j]lQ of] o:o u'0fk|sif{+ ; t:o lgGbf+ ;tt+ s/f]lt .
oyf ls/ftL sl/s'Dehftf d'QmfM kl/ToHo ljelt{ u'~hfM ..
—rf0fSogLlt -cWofo !!÷Znf]s *_ ..
of] s'g} sljsf] Znf]s xf] . h;n] s;}sf] u'0fnfO{ lrGb}g, To;n] p;sf] lg/Gt/ lgGbfdfq}
ub{5, h;/L hËnL eLnn] uhd'Qmfx¿nfO{ 5f]8]/ u'~hfsf] xf/ klx/G5, To;/L g} hf] k'?if ljåfg\,
1fgL, wfld{s, ;Tk'?ifx¿sf] ;ËL, of]uL, k'?iffyL{, lht]lGb|o, ;'zLn x'G5, ToxL wdf{y{, sfd, df]IfnfO{
k|fKt u/]/ o; hGd / k/hGddf ;bf cfgGbn] /xG5 .
oxfF cfof{jt{lgjf;L dfG5]x¿sf dtsf] ljifodf ;+If]kaf6 n]lvof] . o;sf] cufl8 h'g yf]/}
dfq cfo{/fhfx¿sf] Oltxf; k]mnf k/]sf] 5, To;nfO{ ;a} ;Hhgx¿sf] hfgsf/Lsf] nflu oxfF
k|sflzt ul/Psf] 5 .
ca yf]/} cfof{jQL{o /fhj+zsf] h;df >Ldfg\ dxf/fhf …o'lwli7/Ú b]lv lnP/ dxf/fhf
…ozkfnÚ ;Ddsf] Oltxf; n]Vb5' . / >Ldfg\ dxf/fhf …:jfo+e'j dg'hLÚ b]lv lnP/ dxf/fh …o'lwli7/Ú
;Ddsf] Oltxf; dxfef/tflbdf n]lvPsf] g} 5 / o;af6 ;a} ;Hhgx¿n] ToxfF eGbf otfsf] s]xL
Oltxf;sf] jt{dfg ljlbt x'g]5 .
oBlk of] ljifo æljBfyL{ ;lDdlnt …xl/ZrGb|rlGb|sfÚ / …df]xgrlGb|sfÆ h'g ls kflIfskq >L
…gfyåf/]Ú af6 lgl:sPsf] lyof] . h'g /fhk"tfgf b]z d]jf8 /fh pbok'/ lrQf}8u9 ;a}nfO{ ljlbt 5,
of] To;af6 d}n] cg'jfb u/]sf] x'F . olb o;/L g} xfd|f cfo{ ;Hhgx¿n] Oltxf; / ljBf–k':tsx¿sf]
vf]h u/]/ k|sfz u/]df t b]znfO{ 7"nf] nfe x'g]5 . p; kq ;Dkfbsn]— cfˆgf] ldqaf6 Ps k|frLg
k':ts h'g ls ljqmd ;+jt\ !&*@ -;q ;o aof;L_ df n]lvPsf] lyof], To;af6 pQm kqsf ;Dkfbs
dxfzon] u|x0f u/]/ ljqmd ;+jt\ !(#( dfu{zLif{ z'Sn / s[i0fkIf !(–@) ls/0f cyf{t\ cfˆgf b'O{
kflIfs kqx¿df 5fk]sf 5g\ . ;f] lgDg lnlvt k|df0f hfÌ'xf];\ .
cfof{jQ{b]zLo /fhj+zfjnL -!!=#(_
OGb|k|:ydf cfo{x¿n] >LdGdxf/fh …ozkfnÚ ko{Gt /fHo u/] . h;df >LdGdxf/fh …o'lwli7/Ú
b]lv dxf/fh …ozkfnÚ ;Ddsf] j+z cyf{t\ k':tf cg'dfg !@$ -Ps ;o rf}aL;_, jif{ $!%&, dlxgf
(, lbg !$ ;do ePsf] 5 . o;sf] ljj/0f—

/fhf zs jif{ dlxgf lbg @)= ;f]grL/ %) * @!

cfo{/fhf !@$ $!%& ( !$ @!= eLdb]j $& ( @)
>LdfGdxf/fh o'lwli7/flb j+z cg'dfg lk+9L @@= g[xl/b]j $% !! @#
#), jif{ !&&), dlxgf !!, lbg @@ logsf] @#= k"0f{dn $$ * &
lj:tf/— @$= s/bjL $$ !) *
@%= cn+lds %) !! *
cfo{/fhf jif{ dlxgf lbg @^= pbokfn #* ( )
!= /fhf o'lwli7/ #^ * @% @&= b'jgdn $) !) @^
@= /fhf k/LlIft ^) ) ) @*= bdft #@ ) )
#= /fhf hgd]ho *$ & @# @(= eLdkfn %* % *
$= /fhf cZjd]w *@ * @@ #)= If]ds $* !! !!
%= låtLo/fd ** @ *
^= 5qdn *! !! @& /fhf If]dssf k|wfg lj>jfn] If]ds /fhfnfO{
&= lrq/y &% # !* df/]/ /fHo u/] . lk+9L !$, jif{ %)), dlxgf
*= b'i6z}No &% !) @$ #, lbg !^ logsf] lj:tf/—
(= /fhf pu|;]g &* & @! cfof{/fhf jif{ dlxgf lbg
!)= /fhf z"/;]g &* & @! != lj>jf !& # @(
!!= e'jgklt ^( % % @= k'/;]gL $@ * @!
!@= /0fhLt ^% !) $ #= jL/;]gL %@ !) &
!#= CIfs ^$ & $ $= cgËzfoL $& * @#
!$= ;'vb]j ^@ ) @$ %= xl/lht #% ( !&
!%= g/xl/b]j %! !) @ ^= k/d;]gL $$ @ @#
!^= ;'lr/y $@ !! @ &= ;'vkftfn #) @ @!
!&= z"/;]g -bf];|f]_ %* !) * *= sb|'t $@ ( @$
!*= kj{t;]g %% * !) (= ;Hh #@ @ !$
!(= d]wfjL %@ !) !) !)= cd/r"8 @& # !^
!!= cdLkfn @@ !! @% /fhf ljqmdflbTonfO{ zflnjfxgsf pd/fj
!@= bz/y @% $ !@ ;d'b|kfn of]uL k}70fsfn] df/]/ /fHo u/] .
!#= jL/;fn #! * !! lk+9L !^, jif{ #&@, dlxgf $, lbg !& logsf]
!$= jL/;fn;]g $& ) !$ lj:tf/—
/fhf jL/;fn;]gnfO{ jL/ dxf k|wfgn] df/]/ cfo{/fhf jif{ dlxgf lbg
/fHo u/] . j+z !^, jif{ $$%, dlxgf %, lbg != ;d'b|kfn %$ @ @)
# logsf] lj:tf/— @= rGb|kfn #^ % $
#= ;xfokfn !! $ !!
cfof{/fhf jif{ dlxgf lbg $= b]jkfn @& ! @*
!= /fhf jL/dxf #% !) * %= g/l;+xkfn !* ) @)
@= clhtl;+x @& & !( ^= ;fdkfn @& ! !&
#= ;j{bQ @* # !) &= /3'kfn @@ # @%
$= e'jgklt !% $ !) *= uf]ljGbkfn @& ! !&
%= jL/;]g @! @ !# (= cd[tkfn #^ !) !#
^= dxLkfn $) * & !)= anLkfn !@ % @&
&= zq';fn @^ $ # !!= dxLkfn !# * $
*= ;+3/fh !& @ !) !@= x/Lkfn !$ * $

(= t]hkfn @* !! !) !#= ;L;kfn !! !) !#
!)= dfl0fsrGb #& & @! !$= dbgkfn !& !) !(
!!= sfd;]gL $@ % !) !%= sd{kfn !^ @ @
!@= zq'db{g * !! !# !^= ljqmdkfn @$ !! !#
!#= hLjgnf]s @* ( !& 
s'g} Oltxf;df eLdkfn klg n]lvPsf] 5 .
!$= xl//fj @^ !) @(
!%= jL/;]g -bf];|f]_ #% @ @) /fhf ljqmdkfnn] klZrd lbzfsf] /fhf
!^= cflbTos]t' @# !! !# -dn'vrGb af]x/f lyof]_ oL dfly cfqmd0f
u/]/ d}bfgdf n8fO{+ u/], To; n8fO{+df
/fhf cflbTos]t' duwb]zsf /fhfnfO{ …wGw/Ú dn'vrGbn] ljqmdkfnnfO{ df/]/ OGb|k|:ysf]
gfds /fhf k|ofusfn] df/]/ /fHo u/] . j+z /fHo u/] . lk+9L !), jif{ !(!, dlxgf !, lbg
lk+9L (, jif{ #&$, dlxgf !!, lbg @^ logsf] !^ logsf] lj:tf/—
lj:tf/—
cfo{/fhf jif{ dlxgf lbg
cfo{/fhf jif{ dlxgf lbg != dn'vrGb 
%$ @ !)
!= /fhf wGw/ $@ & @$ @= ljqmdrGb !@ & !@
@= dxifL{ $! @ @( #= cdLgrGb !) ) %
#= ;g/RrL %) !) !( $= /fdrGb !# !! *
$= dxfo'4 @) # * %= xl/rGb @$ ( @$
%= b'/gfy @* % @% ^= sNof0frGb !) % $
^= hLjg/fh $% @ % &= eLdrGb !^ @ (
&= ¿b|;]g $& $ @* *= nf]jrGb @^ # @@
*= cf/Lns %@ !) * (= uf]ljGbrGb #! & !@
(= /fhkfn #^ ) ) !)=/fgLkßdfjtL # ! ) )
/fhf /fhkfnnfO{ ;fdGt dxfgkfnn] df/]/
/fHo u/] . lk+9L !, jif{ !$, dlxgf ), lbg ),  logsf] gfd st}–st} dfgsrGb klg 5 .
logsf] lj:tf/ 5}g . # oL kßfjtL uf]ljGbrGbsL /fgL lyOg\ .
/fhf dxfgkfnsf] /fHodf /fhf ljqmdflbTon] /fgL kßfjtL dl/g\ . logsf] k'q klg sf]xL
…cjlGtsfÚ -pHh}g_ af6 cfqmd0f u/]/ /fhf lyPg . o;}n] ;a} d'T;2Lx¿n] ;Nnfx u/]/
dxfgkfnnfO{ df/]/ /fHo u/] . lk+9L !, jif{ xl/k|]d j}/fuLnfO{ u2Ldf a;fn]/ d'T;2L /fHo
(#, dlxgf ), lbg ), logsf] lj:tf/ 5}g .
ug{ nfu] . lk+9L $, jif{ %), dlxgf ), lbg logsf] lj:tf/—
@! xl/k|]dsf] lj:tf/— cfo{/fhf jif{ dlxgf lbg
cfo{/fhf jif{ dlxgf lbg != bLkl;+x !& ! @^
!= xl/k|]d & % !^ @= /fhl;+x !$ % )
@= uf]ljGbk|]d @) @ * #= /0fl;+x ( * !!
#= uf]kfnk|]d !% & @* $= g/l;+x $% ) !%
$= dxfafx' ^ * @( %= xl/l;+x !# @ @(
^= hLjgl;+x * ) !
/fhf dxfafx'n] /fHo 5f]8]/ jgdf tkZrof{
ug{sf] nflu uP, of] s'/f] aËfnsf] /fhf /fhf hLjgl;+xn] s]xL sf/0fn] ubf{ cfˆgf
cfwL;]gn] ;'g]/ OGb|k|:ydf cfP/ cfk}mn] /fHo ;a} ;]gf pQ/ lbzfdf k7fOlbP . of] ;dfrf/
ug{ yfn] . lk+9L !@, jif{ !%!, dlxgf !!, lbg @ k[YjL/fh rÃf0f j}/f6sf /fhfn] ;'g]/
logsf] lj:tf/— hLjgl;+xdfly cfqmd0f u/]/ cfP / n8fO{+df
hLjgl;+xnfO{ df/]/ OGb|k|:ysf] /fHo u/] .
cfo{/fhf jif{ dlxgf lbg lk+9L %, jif{ *^, dlxgf ), lbg @) logsf]
!= /fhf cfwL;]g !* % @! lj:tf/—
@= ljnfjn;]g !@ $ @
#= s]zj;]g !% & !@ cfo{/fhf jif{ dlxgf lbg
$= dfw;]g !@ $ @ != k[YjL/fh !@ @ !(
%= do"/;]g @) !! @& @= ceokfn !$ % !&
^= eLd;]g % !) ( #= b'h{gkfn !! $ !$
&= sNof0f;]g $ * @! $= pbokfn !! & #
*= x/L;]g !@ ) @% %= ozkfn @^ $ @&
(= If]d;]g * !! !%
!)= gf/fo0f;]g @ @ @( /fhf ozkfndfly ;'Ntfg zxfa'2Lg uf}/L u9
!!= nIdL;]g @^ !) ) uhgLaf6 r9fO{ u/]/ cfP / /fhf ozkfnnfO{
!@= bfdf]b/;]g !! % !( k|ofusf] lsNnfdf ljqmd ;+jt\ !@$( ;fndf
kq]m/ s}b u/] . kZrft\ …OGb|k|:yÚ cyf{t\
/fhf bfdf]b/;]gn] cfˆgf] pd/fjnfO{ c;fWo} cfw'lgs lbNnLsf] /fHo cfk}m -;'Ntfg zxfa'2Lg_
b'Mv lbP, o;}n] /fhfsf pd/fj bLkl;+xn] ;]gf n] ug{ yfn] . lk+9L %#, jif{ &$%, dlxgf !, lbg
ldnfP/ /fhfsf] ;fydf n8fO{+ u/], To; !&, logsf] lj:tf/ y'k|} Oltxf;sf k':tsx¿df
n8fO{+df /fhfnfO{ df/]/ bLkl;+x cfk}mn] /fHo lj:tf/k"j{s n]lvPsf 5g\, To;}n] oxfF clws
ug{ nfu] . lk+9L ^, jif{ !)&, dlxgf ^, lbg @@
n]lvPg .
o;eGbf cufl8 / Oltxf;x¿df o; k|sf/ 5 ls dxf/fh k[YjL/fhdfly ;'Ntfg zxfa'2Lg uf}/Ln]
cfqmd0f u/]/ cfof] / sof}+ k6s xf/ vfP/ kmls{of] . cGtdf ljqmd ;+jt\ !@$( df cfk;sf] k'm6sf]
sf/0f dxf/fh k[YjL/fhnfO{ lht]/, cGwf] agfOlbP/ cfˆgf] b]zdf uof] . kZrft\ lbNnL -OGb|k|:y_ sf]
/fHo cfk}mn] ug{ yfNof]— d';ndfgx¿sf] /fHo lk+9L $%, jif{ ^!# /Xof] .
—kl08t n]v/fd cfo{klysåf/f k~rd ;+:s/0fdf lnlvt l6Kk0fL ..
o; eGbf cufl8 af}4–h}g dtsf] ljifodf n]lvg]5 .
Olt >Ld2ofgGb;/:jtL:jfldlgld{t] ;Tofy{k|sfz]
;'efifflje"lift cføof{jQL{odtv08gd08gljifo
PsfbzM ;d'Nnf;M ;Dk"0f{M ..!!..

 cf]#d\
cg'e"ldsf -@_
ha cfof{jt{:y dg'iox¿df ;Tof˜;Tosf] oyfjt\ lg0f{o sf/s j]bljBf 5'6]/ cljBf k}mlnP/
dtdtfGt/ 7l8P, oxL h}g cflbsf ljBflj?4 dt k|rf/sf] lgldQ aGof] . lsgeg] …jfNdLsLoÚ /
…dxfef/tflbÚ df h}gLx¿sf gfddfq klg n]lvPg / h}gLx¿sf u|Gyx¿df …jfNdLsLoÚ /
…dxfef/tdfÚ slyt …/fd–s[i0fflbÚ sf ufyf a8f] lj:tf/k"j{s n]lvPsf] 5 . o;af6 oxL l;4 x'G5 ls
of] dt o;sf] k5fl8 rNof], lsgeg] cfˆgf] dtnfO{ w]/} k|frLg eg]/ h}gLx¿n] n]Vb5g\, To:tf] x'GYof]
eg] t jfNdLsLo cflb u|Gyx¿df h}gLx¿sf syf cjZo x'GYof], o;}n] h}gdt oL u|Gyx¿sf]
k5fl8b]lv rn]sf] xf] .
s;}n] eGb5 ls h}gLx¿sf u|Gyx¿af6 syfnfO{ lnP/ jfNdLsLo cflb u|Gy ag] xf]nfg\, ta
ltgLx¿;Fu ;f]Wg'kb{5 ls jfNdLsLo cflbdf ltd|f u|Gyx¿sf gfd n]v klg lsg 5}g < / ltd|f
u|Gyx¿df lsg 5g\ < s] lktfsf] hGdsf] bz{g k'qn] ug{ ;Sb5 / < slxNo} x'Fb}g . o;af6 oxL l;4
x'G5 ls h}g–af}4 dtÙ z}j–zfQmflb dtx¿b]lv kl5 rn]sf] xf] .
ca o; -!@_ afx|f}+ ;d'Nnf;df hf]–hf] h}gLx¿sf dt–ljifos n]lvPsf] 5, ;f]–;f] ltgLx¿sf
u|Gyx¿sf 7]ufgfk"j{s n]lvPsf] 5 . o;df h}gLx¿n] g/fd|f] dfÌ'x'Fb}g, lsgeg] h'g–h'g xfdLn]
logsf dtljifodf n]v]sf 5f}+, Tof] s]jn ;Tof˜;Tosf] lg0f{ofy{ xf], g ls lj/f]w jf xflg ug{sf]
cy{df . o; n]vnfO{ ha h}gL, af}4 jf cGo hgx¿n] x]g]{5g\ ta ;a}nfO{ ;Tof˜;Tosf] lg0f{odf
ljrf/ / n]vfhf]vf ug{ ;do ldNg]5 / af]w klg x'g]5 . ha;Dd jfbL–k|ltjfbL eP/ k|Lltn] jfb jf
n]v ul/+b}g ta;Dd ;Tof˜;Tosf] lg0f{o x'g ;Sb}g . ha ljåfg\x¿df ;Tof˜;Tosf] lgZro x'Fb}g ta}
cljåfg\x¿n] dxf cGwsf/df k/]/ w]/} b'Mv p7fpg'kb{5, o;}n] ;Tosf] ho / c;Tosf] Ifosf] cy{
ldqtfaf6 jfb jf n]v ug{ xfd|f] dg'iohfltsf] d'Vo sfd xf] . olb o:tf] ePg eg] t dg'iox¿sf]
pÌlt slxNo} x'Fb}g .
/ of] af}4–h}g dtsf] ljifo lagf logsf] cGo–dtjfnfx¿nfO{ ck"j{ nfe / af]w ug]{jfnf
x'g]5, lsgeg] logLx¿n] cfˆgf k':tsnfO{ s'g} cGo dtjfnfnfO{ x]g{, k9\g jf n]VgnfO{ klg
lb+b}gg\ . a8f] kl/>daf6 d}n] / ljz]if cfo{;dfh d'DaO{sf dGqL …;]7 ;]jsnfn s[i0fbf;Ú sf]
k'?iffy{af6 u|Gy k|fKt ePsf 5g\ . tyf sfzL:y …h}gk|efs/Ú oGq0ffnodf 5fKg] / d'DaO{df
…k|s/0f/Tgfs/Ú u|Gysf] 5fKgfn] klg ;a}nfO{ h}gLx¿sf dt b]Vg ;xh ePsf] xf] <
o:tf] s'g ljåfg\x¿sf] s'/f] xf] ls cfˆgf] dtsf] k':ts cfk}mn] x]g'{ / bf];|fnfO{ gb]vfpg' <
o;}af6 ljlbt x'G5 ls oL u|Gyx¿ agfpg]jfnfnfO{ k|yd g} zÍf lyof] ls oL u|Gyx¿df c;Dej
s'/f 5g\, h;nfO{ bf];|f dtjfnfn] x]/] eg] t v08g ug]{5g\ / xfd|f dtjfnfn] bf];|fsf] u|Gy x]/] eg]
t o; dtdf >4f /xg] 5}g .
c:t', h] xf];\ k/Gt' w]/} dg'io o:tf 5g\, h;n] cfˆgf] bf]if t b]Vb}gg\, lsGt' csf{sf] bf]if
b]Vgdf clt pB'Qm /xG5g\ . o:tf] Gofosf] s'/f] xf]Og, lsgeg] k|yd cfˆgf] bf]if s]nfP/ kZrft\
csf{sf] bf]ifdf b[li6 lbP/ lgsfnf];\ .
ca oL af}4–h}gLx¿sf] dtsf] ljifo ;a} ;Hhgx¿sf] ;Dd'v /fVb5', h:tf] nfUb5, To:t}
ljrf/ ug'{xf];\ .
.. lsdlwsn]v]g a'l4dåøo]{if' ..
.. OTog'e"ldsf ..

—bofgGb ;/:jtL
 -!@_ afx|f}+ ;d'Nnf;
gfl:tsdt cGtu{t rf/jfs, af}4 / h}gdtsf] v08g–d08g
ljifosf] af/]df JofVof
gfl:tsdtsf] ;dLIff -!@=!_
s'g} Ps …a[x:kltÚ gfdf k'?if ePsf] lyof] h;n] j]b, O{Zj/ / o1flb pQd sd{x¿nfO{ klg
dfGb}gYof] . x]g'{xf];\ Û p;sf] dt—
ofjHhLj+ ;'v+ hLj]Ìfl:t d[Tof]/uf]r/M . e:dLe"t:o b]x:o k'g/fudg+ s'tM ..
—;j{bz{g;+u|x rf/jfsbz{g ..
sf]O{ dg'ioflb k|f0fL d[To'sf] cuf]r/ 5}g cyf{t\ ;a}n] dg'{kb{5, To;}n] ha;Dd z/L/df hLj
/xG5, ta;Dd ;'vl;t /xf];\ . hf] s;}n] eGb5 ls æwdf{r/0faf6 si6 x'G5, olb wd{ 5f]8Øf] eg] t
k'gh{Gddf a8f] b'Mv kfpg]5 .Æ To;nfO{ …rf/jfsÚ n] pQ/ lbG5 ls— æx] ef]n] efO Û ha d/]kZrft\
z/L/ e:d x'g hfG5 eg] h;n] vfP–lkPsf] 5, Tof] k'gM ;+;f/df cfpg]5}g, To;}n] h;/L x'g ;Sb5
To;/L g} cfgGbdf a;, nf]sdf gLltaf6 rn, P]Zjo{nfO{ a9fpm / To;af6 OlR5t ef]u u/ .
o;}nfO{ nf]s ;Dem k/nf]s s]xL klg 5}g .Æ
x]/ Û k[YjL, hn, clUg, jfo' oL rf/ e"tx¿sf] kl/0ffdaf6 of] z/L/ ag]sf] 5, o;df
logLx¿sf] of]un] r}tGo pTkÌ x'g] ub{5 . h;/L dfbs b|Jo vfg]–lkpg] ugf{n] gzf -db_ pTkÌ
x'G5, o;} k|sf/ hLj z/L/sf] ;fy pTkÌ eP/ z/L/sf] gfzsf] ;fy} cfk"m klg gi6 eP/ hfG5, k]ml/
s;nfO{ kfk–k'0osf] kmn x'g] <
tRr}tGoljlzi6b]x Pj cfTdf b]xfltl/Qm cfTdlg k|df0ffefjft\ .. —rf/jfsbz{g ..
o; z/L/df rf/} e"tx¿sf] ;+of]un] hLjfTdf pTkÌ eP/ pg}sf] ljof]usf] ;fydf g} gi6 x'g
hfG5, lsgeg] d/]k5fl8 s'g} klg hLj k|ToIf x'Fb}g . xfdL Ps k|ToIfnfO{ dfq} dfGb5f}, lsgeg]
k|ToIfsf] lagf cg'dfgflb x'Fb} x'Fb}gg\ . To;n} d'Vo k|ToIfsf] ;fd'Ì] cg'dfgflb uf}0f x'gfn] To;sf]
u|x0f ul/+b}g . ;'Gb/ :qLsf] cflnËgaf6 cfgGb ug'{ k'?iffy{sf] kmn xf] .
pQ/— oL k[lyJoflb e"t h8 x'g\, logaf6 r]tgsf] pTklQ slxNo} x'g ;Sb}g . h;/L clxn]
dftf–lktfsf] ;+of]uaf6 b]xsf] pTklQ x'G5, To;/L g} cflb ;[li6df dg'ioflb z/L/x¿sf] cfs[lt
k/d]Zj/ stf{sf] lagf slxNo} klg x'g ;sb}g . dbsf] ;dfg r]tgsf] pTklQ / ljgfz x'Fb}g, lsgeg]
db r]tgnfO{ x'g] ub{5, h8nfO{ xf]Og . kbfy{ …gi6Ú cyf{t\ cb[i6 x'G5g\ k/Gt' cefj s;}sf] x'Fb}g .
o;} k|sf/ cb[Zo x'gfn] hLjsf] klg cefj dfÌ' x'Fb}g . ha hLjfTdf ;b]x x'G5 ta p;sf] k|s6tf
x'g] ub{5 . ha z/L/nfO{ 5f]l8lbG5 ta of] z/L/ h'g d[To'nfO{ k|fKt ePsf] 5, Tof] h:tf] r]tgo'Qm
k"j{ lyof], To:tf] x'g ;Sb}g . oxL s'/f] a[xbf/0osdf elgPsf] 5—
gfx+ df]x+ a|jLld cg'lR5lQwdf{odfTd]lt .. —t'ngf [a[x=cf/=pk=-c=$÷a|f=%÷s+=!$_] ..
of1jNSo eÌ'x'G5 ls— æx] d}q]oL Û d}n] df]xaf6 s'/f ulb{g lsGt' cfTdf cljgfzL xf], h;sf]
of]uaf6 z/L/n] r]i6f ub{5 .Æ ha hLj z/L/b]lv k[ys\ x'g hfG5 ta z/L/df 1fg s]xL klg /xFb}g .
olb b]xb]lv cfTdf k[ys\ x'Gy]g eg] t h;sf] ;+of]uaf6 r]tgtf / ljof]uaf6 h8tf x'G5 Tof] b]xb]lv
k[ys\ xf] . h;/L cfFvfn] ;a}nfO{ x]b{5 t/ cfk"mnfO{ xf]Og, o;} k|sf/ k|ToIfnfO{ ug]{jfnf cfˆgf]
P]lGb|o k|ToIf ug{ ;Sb}g . h;/L cfˆgf] cfFvfaf6 ;a} 36–k6flb kbfy{ b]Vb5, To;} u/L cfFvfnfO{
cfˆgf] 1fgaf6 b]Vb5 . hf] b|i6f xf] Tof] b|i6f g} /xG5, b[Zo slxNo} x'Fb}g . h;/L lagf cfwf/ cfw]o,
sf/0fsf] lagf sfo{, cjojLsf] lagf cjoj / stf{sf] lagf sd{ /xg ;Sb}gg\, To:t} stf{sf] lagf
k|ToIf s;/L x'g ;Sb5 <
h'g ;'Gb/ :qL;Fu ;dfud ug{nfO{ g} k'?iffy{sf] kmn dfGof} eg] t Ifl0fs ;'v / To;b]lv
b'Mv klg x'G5, Tof] klg k'?iffy{sf] g} kmn x'g]5 . ha o:tf] xf] eg] t :ju{sf] xflg x'gfn] b'Mv ef]Ug
kg]{5 . olb eGb5f} ls b'MvnfO{ 5'6fpg / ;'vnfO{ a9fpgdf oTg ug'{kb{5 t d'lQm–;'vsf] xflg x'g
hfG5, o;}n] Tof] k'?iffy{sf] kmn xf]Og .
rf/jfs— h;n] b'Mv–;+o'Qm ;'vsf] Tofu ub{5g\, tL d"v{ x'g\ . h;/L wfGofyL{ wfgsf] u|x0f /
e';sf] Tofu ub{5, To;/L g} o; ;+;f/df a'l4dfg\ ;'vsf] u|x0f / b'Mvsf] Tofu u/f];\, lsgeg] o;
nf]sdf pkl:yt ;'vnfO{ 5f]8]/ cg'kl:yt :ju{sf] ;'vsf] OR5f u/]/ w"t{slyt j]bf]Qm clUgxf]qflb
sd{, pkf;gf / 1fgsf08sf] cg'i7fg k/nf]ssf] nflu ub{5g\, tL c1fgL x'g\ . h'g k/nf]s 5Fb}5}g t
To;sf] cfzf ug'{ d"v{tfsf] sfd xf] . lsgeg]—
clUgxf]q+ qof] j]bfl:qb08+ e:du'07gd\ . a'l4kf}?ifxLgfgf+ hLljs]lt a[x:kltM ..
—rf/jfsbz{g ..
Rf/jfs dt k|rf/s …a[x:kltÚ eGb5 ls— æclUgxf]q, tLg j]b, tLg b08 / e:dnfO{ nufpg'
a'l4 / k'?iffy{/lxt k'?ifx¿n] hLljsf agfPsf 5g\ .Æ lsGt' sfF8f la‰g' cflbaf6 pTkÌ ePsf
b'Mvsf] gfd …g/sÚ, nf]sl;4 /fhf …k/d]Zj/Ú / b]xsf] gfz x'g' …df]IfÚ, c¿ s]xL klg 5}g .
pQ/— ljifo¿kL ;'vdfqnfO{ k'?iffy{sf] kmn dfg]/ ljifob'Mv–lgjf/0fdfqdf s[ts[Totf /
:ju{ dfÌ' d"v{tf xf] . clUgxf]qflb o1x¿af6 jfo', j[li6, hnsf] z'l4åf/f cf/f]Uotf x'g', To;af6 wd{,
cy{, sfd / df]Ifsf] l;l4 x'G5, To;nfO{ ghfg]/ j]b, O{Zj/ / j]bf]Qm wd{sf] lgGbf ug'{ w"t{x¿sf] sfd
xf] . h'g lqb08 / e:dwf/0fsf] v08g xf], Tof] rflx+ 7Ls xf] .
olb s06sflbaf6 pTkÌ g} b'Mvsf] gfd g/s xf] eg] t To; eGbf clws dxf/f]uflb g/s
lsg ePg < oBlk /fhfnfO{ P]Zjo{jfg\ / k|hfkfngdf ;dy{ x'gfn] >]i7 dfg]df t 7Ls xf] k/Gt' h'g
cGofosf/L kfkL /fhf x'G5, To;nfO{ klg k/d]Zj/jt\ dfGb5f} eg] t ltdLx¿ h:tf] sf]xL klg d"v{
5}g . z/L/sf] ljR5]b x'g'dfq df]If xf] eg] t uwf, s's'/ cflb / ltdLdf s] e]b /Xof] < lsGt'
cfs[ltdfq} leÌ /Xof] .
rf/jfsdtsf] ;dLIff -!@=@_
rf/jfs—
clUg?i0ff] hn+ zLt+ ;d:kz{:tyf˜lgnM . s]g]b+ lrlqt+ t:dft\ :jefjfQb\Jojl:yltM ..!..
g :juf]{ gf˜kjuf]{ jf g}jfTdf kf/nf}lssM . g}j j0ff{>dfbLgf+ lqmofZr kmnbflosfM ..@..
kz'Zr]lÌxtM :ju{+ Hof]lti6f]d] uldiolt . :jlktf ohdfg]g tq s:dfgÌ lx+:ot] ..#..
d[tfgfdlk hGt"gf+ >f4+ r]Q[lKtsf/0fd\ . uR5tfldx hGt"gf+ Joy{+ kfy]osNkgd\ ..$..
:ju{l:ytf obf t[lKt+ uR5]o':tq bfgtM . k|f;fb:of]kl/:yfgfdq s:dfÌ bLot] ..%..
ofjHhLj]T;'v+ hLj]b[0f+ s[Tjf 3[t+ lka]t\ . e:dLe"t:o b]x:o k'g/fudg+ s'tM ..^..
olb uR5]Tk/+ nf]s+ b]xfb]if ljlgu{tM . s:dfb\ e"of] g rfoflt aGw':g]x;dfs'nM ..&..
ttZr hLjgf]kfof] a|fXd0f}lj{lxtl:Tjx . d[tfgf+ k|]tsfof{l0f g TjGolåBt] Sjlrt\ ..*..
qof] j]b:o sQf{/f] e08w"t{lgzfr/fM . hk{m/Lt'k{m/LToflb kl08tfgf+ jrM :d[td\ ..(..
cZj:ofq lx lzZgGt' kTgLu|fXo+ k|sLlQ{td\ . e08}:tåTk/+ r}j u|fXohft+ k|sLlQ{td\ ..!)..
df+;fgf+ vfbg+ tålÌzfr/;dLl/td\ ..!!..
—;j{bz{g;+u|x], rf/jfsbz{g] -Znf]s !–@÷Znf]s @–!)_ ..
…rf/jfsÚ, …cfef0fsÚ, …af}4Ú / …h}gÚ klg hut\sf] pTklQ :jefjaf6} dfGb5g\ .
h'g–h'g :jfefljs u'0f 5g\, To;–To;af6 b|Jo;+o'Qm eP/ ;a} kbfy{ aGb5g\, hut\sf] stf{
sf]xL 5}g ..!..
k/Gt' oL dWo]df rf/jfsn] o:tf] dfGb5 . lsGt' k/nf]s / hLjfTdf af}4–h}gn] dfGb5g\,
rf/jfsn] dfGb}g . z]if oL tLg}sf] dt s'g}–s'g} s'/fnfO{ 5f]8]/ Ps}vfn] h:tf] 5 .
g s'g} :ju{, g s'g} gu/ / g t s'g} k/nf]sdf hfg]jfnf cfTdf 5, g t j0ff{>dsf] lqmof
kmnbfos 5 ..@.. olb o1df kz'nfO{ df/]/ xf]d ugf{n] :ju{df hfG5 eg] t, ohdfgn] cfˆgf] lktf
cflbnfO{ df/]/ xf]d u/]/ :ju{df lsg k7fpFb}g < ..#.. olb d/]sf hLjx¿sf] nflu >f4 / tk{0f
t[lKtsf/s x'G5 eg] t, k/b]zdf hfg]jfnf dfu{df lgjf{xfy{sf] nflu cÌ, j:q, wg lsg n}hfG5g\ <
o;/L n}hfg Joy{ 5, lsgeg] h;/L d[tssf] gfdaf6 ck{0f ul/Psf] :ju{df k'Ub5 eg] t k/b]zdf
hfg]x¿sf nflu pgsf ;DaGwLn] klg 3/df a;]/ pgsf gfddf ck{0f ul/lbgfn] b]zfGt/df
k'¥ofOlbg] 5 . olb oxfF k'Ub}g eg] t :ju{df Tof] s;/L k'Ug ;Sb5 < ..$..
hxfF dTo{nf]sdf bfg ugf{n] :ju{jf;L t[Kt x'G5g\ eg] t e'OFtnfdf a;]/ lbgfn] 3/sf]
dflyNnf] tnfdf a;]sf k'?if lsg t[Kt x'Fb}gg\ < ..%.. o;}n] ha;Dd afFlrG5, ta;Dd ;'vl;t
afFrf];\ . olb 3/df kbfy{ 5}g eg] C0f u/]/ klg cfgGb u/f];\, C0f ltg'{kb}{g, lsgeg] h'g z/L/df
hLjn] vfG5–lkpF5, tL b'O6fsf] k'g/fudg x'g] 5}g, k]ml/ sf];Fu s;n] dfUg] < / s;n] lbg] < ..^..
 h'g dfG5]x¿n] eGb5g\ ls d[To';dodf hLj z/L/af6 lg:s]/ k/nf]sdf hfG5, of] s'/f] ldYof
xf], lsgeg] olb o:tf] x'GYof] eg] t s'6'Dasf] df]xaf6 a4 eP/ k'gM 3/df lsg cfpFb}g < ..&.. o;}n]
of] ;a} a|fXd0fx¿n] cfˆgf] hLljsfsf] nflu pkfo u/]sf x'g\ . h'g bzufqflb d[tslqmof ub{5g\, of]
;a} pgLx¿sf hLljsfsf] nLnf xf] ..*..
j]b agfpg]x¿ efF8, w"t{ / /fIf;, oL tLg x'g\ . …hk{m/LÚ …t'k{m/LÚ OToflb kl08tx¿sf
w"t{tfo'Qm jrg x'g\ ..(.. x]g'{xf];\ w"t{x¿sf] /rgf Û æ3f]8fsf] lnËnfO{ :qLn] u|x0f ug{' .Æ To;sf] ;fy
;dfud ohdfgsL :qLnfO{ u/fpg', sGof;Fu 7§f cflb n]Vg', w"t{x¿sf] lagf x'g ;Sb}g ..!).. / h'g
df;' vfg'kg]{ n]lvPsf] 5, Tof] j]befu /fIf;n] agfPsf] xf] ..!!..
pQ/— lagf r]tg k/d]Zj/n] lgdf{0f u/]sf] h8 kbfy{ cfk;df :jefjaf6 lgodk"j{s ldn]/
pTkÌ x'g ;Sb}g . To; sf/0f ;[li6sf] stf{ cjZo x'g'kb{5 . olb :jefjaf6} x'Gy] eg] t låtLo
k[YjL, ;"o{, rGb| cfk}m lsg x'Fb}gg\ ..!..
…:ju{Ú ;'v ef]u / …g/sÚ b'Mv ef]usf] gfd xf] . olb hLjfTdf x'Gy]g eg] t ;'v–b'Mvsf] ef]Qmf
sf] x'g ;Sb5 < h;/L o; ;dodf ;'v–b'Mvsf] ef]Qmf hLj 5, To;/L g} k/hGddf klg x'G5 . s]
;Toefif0fflb bof cflb lqmof klg j0ff{>dLx¿sf lgikmn x'G5 < slxNo} x'Fb}g ..@.. kz'nfO{ df/]/ xf]d
ug{ j]bdf sxL+ klg n]lvPsf] 5}g, To;}n] of] v08g cv08gLo 5 / d[tsx¿sf] >f4 klg
skf]nslNkt x'gfn] j]blj?4 k'/f0f dt–jfnfx¿sf] dt xf] ..#, $, %..
h'g j:t' x'G5, To;sf] cefj slxNo} x'Fb}g eg] t, ljBdfg hLjsf] cefj slxNo} x'g ;Sb}g .
b]x e:d x'g hfG5, hLj xf]Og . hLj t bf];|f] z/L/df hfG5, o;}n] hf] s;}n] C0fflbn] ;'v ef]u
ub{5, To;n] bf];|f] hGddf cjZo ef]Ug]5 ..^.. b]xaf6 lg:s]/ hLj :yfgfGt/ / z/L/fGt/nfO{ k|fKt
ub{5, p;nfO{ k"j{hGdsf] 1fg s]xL klg /xFb}g, To;}n] k'gZr s'6'Dadf cfpFb}g ..&.. xf], a|fXd0fx¿n]
k|]tsf] sd{ cfˆgf] hLljsfsf] nflu u/]sf x'g\ j]bf]Qm xf]Og ..*..
olb rf/jfs cflbn] c;n j]bnfO{ x]/sf x'Gy] eg] t j]bsf] lgGbf sa} ug]{ lyPgg\ . efF8, w"t{
/ lgzfr/jt\ k'?if 6Lsfsf/ ePsf 5g\, pg}sf] g} w"t{tf xf], j]bsf] xf]Og . k/Gt' zf]s 5 rf/jfs,
cfef0fs, af}4 / h}gx¿dfly ls logLx¿n] d"n j]bnfO{ klg ;'g]gg\, x]/]gg\ / g s'g} ljåfg\l;t k9],
o;}n] e|i6 6Lsf / jfddfuL{x¿sf nLnf b]v]/ j]bx¿;Fu lj/f]w u/]/ gi6–e|i6 a'l4 x'Fb} j]bx¿sf]
lgGbf ug{ nfu]sf 5g\ . oxL jfddfuL{x¿sf] b'i6 r]i6f rf/jfs, af}4 / h}gx¿sf] dt pbo x'gfsf]
sf/0f xf], lsgeg] rf/jfs cflbn] klg j]bx¿sf ;To cy{ hfÌ ;s]gg\ ..(..
enf Û ljrf/ ug'{kb{5 ls :qL;Fu cZjsf] pk:y u|x0f cflb nLnf, To;;Fu ;dfud ug'{ /
ohdfgsf] sGof;Fu xfF;L–7Ýf cflb ug'{ / df+; vfg' cflb 6Lsfsf/x¿sf] w"t{tf xf], j]bsf] xf]Og .
l;jfo jfddfuL{ afx]sn] cGo e|i6, j]bfy{b]lv ljk/Lt, cz'4 JofVofg s;n] ub{5 < ..!)–!!..
oxL g} rf/jfs–af}4x¿ aÌfsf] d'Vo sf/0f xf], lsgeg] af}4x¿n] rf/jfsb]lv w]/}h;f]
rf/jfsx¿sf dt / yf]/} rflx+ cfˆgf klg ufF7sf nufPsf 5g\, o;}af6 af}4x¿sf] zfvf k[ys\
rn]sf] 5 .
ca h'g rf/jfsflbx¿df e]b 5, ;f] n]Vb5'—
oL rf/jfsflb w]/} s'/fx¿df Ps} 5g\ k/Gt' rf/jfsn] b]xsf] pTklQsf] ;fy hLjf]TklQ /
To;sf] gfzsf] ;fy g} hLjgsf] klg gfz dfGb5 . k'gh{Gd / k/nf]snfO{ dfGb}g . Ps k|ToIf
k|df0fsf] lagf cg'dfgflb k|df0fx¿nfO{ klg dfGb}g . rf/jfssf] cy{ — hf] af]Ngdf k|uNe / ljz]iffy{
j}tl08s x'G5 . / af}4–h}g k|ToIfflb rf/} k|df0f, cgflb hLj, k'gh{Gd, k/nf]s / d'lQmnfO{ klg
dfGb5g\ . oltg} rf/jfsb]lv af}4 / h}gLx¿sf] e]b xf] k/Gt' gfl:tstf, j]b O{Zj/sf] lgGbf,
k/dtå]if, 5M otgf / hut\sf] stf{ sf]xL xf]Og, OToflb s'/fx¿df ;a} Ps} g} 5g\ . of] rf/jfssf]
dt ;+If]kdf bzf{OlbPsf] 5' .
af}4flbsf gfl:ts e]bx¿ -!@=#_
ca af}4dtsf] ljifodf ;+If]df n]lvG5—
sføo{sf/0fefjfåf :jefjfåf lgofdsft\ . cljgfefjlgodf] bz{gfGt/bz{gft\ ..
—;j{bz{g;+u|x af}4bz{g ..
…sføo{sf/0fefjÚ cyf{t\ sføo{sf] bz{gn] sf/0f / sf/0fsf] bz{gn] sfof{lbsf] ;fIffTsf/
k|ToIfaf6 z]ifdf cg'dfg x'G5, lagf o;sf] k|f0fLx¿sf] ;Dk"0f{ Jojxf/ k"0f{ x'g ;Sb}g, OToflb
nIf0fn] cg'dfgnfO{ clws dfg]/ rf/jfsb]lv leÌ zfvf af}4x¿sf] aGof], cGo w]/} s'/fx¿
rf/jfsx¿sf lnPsf 5g\ . af}4 rf/ k|sf/sf x'G5g\—
Ps …dfWoldsÚ, bf];|f] …of]ufrf/Ú t];|f] …;f}qflGtsÚ / rf}yf] …j}eflifsÚ . …a'4Øf lgj{Q{t] ;M af}4MÚ
h'g a'l4af6 l;4 x'G5 cyf{t\ h'g–h'g s'/f cfˆgf] a'l4df cfpF5 To;–To;nfO{ dfÌ] / h'g cfpFb}g
To;nfO{ gdfÌ] .
oL dWo]df …dfWoldsÚ n] ;j{z"GotfnfO{ dfGb5 . cyf{t\ hlt kbfy{ 5g\, tL ;a} …z"GoÚ x'g\
cyf{t\ cflbdf x'Fb}gg\, cGtdf /xFb}gg\, dWodf h'g k|tLt x'G5 Tof] klg k|tLt ;dodf xf], kZrft\
z"Go x'g hfG5 . h;/L pTklQsf] k"j{ 36 lyPg, k|Wj+;sf] kZrft\ /xFb}g / 361fg ;dodf ef:b5 /
kbfyf{Gt/df 1fg hfgfn] 361fg /xFb}g, To;}n] z"Go g} Ps dfq tŒj xf], o:tf] dfGb5 .
bf];|f] …of]ufrf/Ú h'g afXo z"Go dfGb5 . cyf{t\ kbfy{ leq 1fgdf ef:b5, aflx/ xf]Og .
h;/L 36sf] 1fg cfTdfdf x'G5 ta g} dg'ion] eGb5 ls æof] 36 xf]Æ, olb leq 1fg x'Gy]g eg] t
eÌ ;Sy]g, o:tf] dfGb5 .
t];|f] …;f}qflGtsÚ h'g aflx/ cy{sf] cg'dfg dfGb5, lsgeg] aflx/ s'g} kbfy{ ;fËf]kfË k|ToIf
x'Fb}g lsGt' Psb]z k|ToIf x'gfn] z]ifdf cg'dfg ul/G5, o;sf] o:tf] vfnsf] dt 5 .
rf}yf] …j}eflifsÚ xf], o;sf] dtdf aflx/ kbfy{ k|ToIf x'G5, leq x'Fb}g, h;/L …co+ gLnf] 36MÚ
o; k|tLltdf gLno'Qm 36fs[lt aflx/ k|tLt x'G5, o;n] o:tf] dfGb5 . oBlk logsf cfrfo{ a'4
pkb]i6f hgfpg]jfnf Ps lyof] tyflk ;'Ì]jfnf k'?ifx¿ / lziox¿sf] a'l4e]bn] ubf{ rf/ zfvf x'g
uPsf] 5 . h;/L ;"o{ c:t ePkl5 hf/k'?ifn] hf/sd{, rf]/n] rf]/Lsd{ / k"0f{ ljåfg\n] ;To cfr/0f
ub{5g\ . ;do Ps / cfˆgf]–cfˆgf] a'l4sf] cg';f/ leÌ–leÌ r]i6f ub{5g\ .
ca oL k"jf]{Qm rf/}df …dfWoldsÚ— ;a}nfO{ Ifl0fs dfGb5 . cyf{t\ If0f–If0fdf a'l4sf] kl/0ffd
x'gfn] k"j{ If0fdf 1ft j:t' lyof], To:t} g} bf];|f] If0fdf /xFb}g, o; sf/0f ;a}nfO{ Ifl0fs dfÌ'kb{5,
o:tf] dfGb5 .
bf];|f] …of]ufrf/Ú— h'g–h'g k|j[lQ 5 Tof]–Tof] b'Mv:j¿k xf], lsgeg] k|flKtdf ;Gt'i6 sf]xL klg
x'Fb}gg\ . Pssf] k|flKtdf bf];|f ck|fKtx¿sf] OR5f alg/fVb5, o; k|sf/ dfGb5 .
t];|f] …;f}qflGtsÚ— ;a} kbfy{ cfˆgf–cfˆgf nIf0fx¿n] nlIft x'G5g\, h;/L ufO{sf] lrÂn] ufO{
/ 3f]8fsf] lrÂn] 3f]8f 1ft x'G5, To;/L g} nIf0f nIodf ;bf /xG5g\, o:tf] eGb5 .
rf}yf] …j}eflifsÚ— z"GonfO{ Ps kbfy{ dfGb5 . k|yd dfWoldsn] ;a}nfO{ z"Go dfGbYof],
To;}sf] kIf j}eflifssf] klg 5, OToflb af}4x¿df w]/}h;f] ljjfb kIf 5g\ . o; k|sf/ rf/ k|sf/sf]
efjgf dfGb5g\ .
pQ/— olb ;a} z"Go x'G5 eg] t z"GonfO{ hfÌ]jfnf z"Go x'g ;Sb}g / olb ;a} z"Go eP
eg] t z"GonfO{ z"Gon] hfÌ ;Sb}g, o; sf/0f z"Gosf] 1ftf / 1]o z"Go b'O{ kbfy{ l;4 x'G5g\ . /
hxfF of]ufrf/ afXo–z"GoTj dfGb5 eg] t kj{t o;sf] leq x'g'kb{5 . olb eGb5 ls kj{t o;sf]
leq 5 eg] t p;sf] Åbodf kj{tsf] ;dfg cjsfz sxfF 5 < o;}n] aflx/ kj{t 5 / kj{t1fg
cfTdfdf /xG5 .
;f}qflGts s'g} kbfy{nfO{ k|ToIf dfGb}g eg] t Tof] cfk"m :jo+ / p;sf] jrg klg cg'd]o
x'g'kb{5, k|ToIf xf]Og . olb k|ToIf xf]Og eg] t …co+ 36MÚ o:tf] k|of]u gx'g' kg]{ xf], lsGt' …co+
36}sb]zMÚ of] 38fsf] Ps b]z xf] / Ps b]zsf] gfd 38f xf]Og, lsGt' ;d'bfosf] gfd 36 xf] . …of]
3}+6f] xf]Ú of] k|ToIf xf], cg'd]o xf]Og, lsgeg] ;a} cjojx¿df cjojL Ps x'G5, To;sf] k|ToIf x'gfn]
;a} 36sf] cjoj klg k|ToIf x'G5g\, cyf{t\ ;fjoj 36 k|ToIf x'G5 .
rf}yf] j}eflifs h'g afXo kbfy{x¿nfO{ k|ToIf dfGb5, Tof] klg 7Ls xf]Og . lsgeg] hxfF 1ftf
/ 1fg x'G5, jxL+ k|ToIf x'G5 . cyf{t\ cfTdfdf ;a}sf] k|ToIf x'G5 . oBlk k|ToIfsf] ljifo aflx/ x'G5,
tbfsf/ 1fg cfTdfnfO{ x'G5 . To;/L g} Ifl0fs kbfy{ / To;sf] 1fg Ifl0fs xf] eg] t …k|Tole1fÚ
cyf{t\ …d}n] Tof] s'/f u/]sf] lyPFÚ cyjf …Tof] rLh b]v]sf] lyPFÚ :d/0f gx'g'kg]{ xf], k/Gt' k"j{ b[i6–
>'tsf] :d/0f x'g] ub{5, To;}n] Ifl0fsjfb klg 7Ls xf]Og . olb ;a} b'Mv g} x'g] / ;'v gx'g] xf] eg]
t ;'vsf] ck]Iffsf] lagf b'Mv l;4 x'g ;Sb}g . h;/L /flqsf] ck]Iffaf6 lbg / lbgsf] ck]Iffaf6 /flq
x'g] ub{5, o;}n] ;a} b'Mv dfÌ' 7Ls xf]Og . olb :jnIf0f dfq} dfg]df t g]q ¿ksf] nIf0f xf] / ¿k
nIo xf] h;/L 36sf] ¿k . 36sf] ¿ksf] nIf0f rIf', nIob]lv leÌ xf] / uGw k[YjLb]lv cleÌ xf],
o;} k|sf/ leÌf˜leÌ nIo nIf0f dfÌ'kb{5 . z"Gosf] pQ/ h'g k"j{ lbO;lsPsf] 5 jxL cyf{t\
z"GonfO{ hfÌ]jfnf z"Gob]lv leÌ x'G5 .
;j{:o ;+;f/:o b'MvfTdsTj+ ;j{tLy{Í/;+Ddtd\ .. —af}4bz{g ..
;a} ;+;f/ b'Mvdo 5, of] ;a} tLy{Í/x¿sf] dt xf] . h;nfO{ af}4n] tLy{Í/ dfGb5g\, pg}nfO{
h}gx¿n] klg dfGb5g\, To;}n] oL b'O6} Ps x'g\ . / k"jf]{Qm …efjgfrt'i6ØÚ cyf{t\ rf/ efjgfx¿af6
;sn jf;gfx¿sf] lgj[lQb]lv z"Go¿k …lgjf{0fÚ cyf{t\ d'lQm dfGb5g\ . cfˆgf lziox¿nfO{ …of]uÚ /
…cfrf/Ú sf] pkb]z ub{5g\— u'?sf] jrgsf] k|df0f ug'{, cgflb a'l4df jf;gf x'gfn] a'l4 g} cg]sfsf/
ef:b5 / lrQr}QfTds :sGw kfFr k|sf/sf dfGb5g\—
¿klj1fgj]bgf;+1f;+:sf/;+1sM .. —af}4bz{g ..
tL dWo]df k|yd :sGw— h'g OlGb|ox¿af6 ¿kflb ljifo u|x0f ul/G5 Tof] …¿k:sGwÚ . -bf];|f]_
cfnolj1fg, k|j[lQ cyf{t\ h;df ¿kflb ljifo /xG5g\, To;sf lj1fg–k|j[lQnfO{ hfÌ'¿k Jojxf/sf]
…lj1fg:sGwÚ . -t];|f]_ ¿k:sGw / lj1fg:sGwaf6 pTkÌ ePsf] ;'v–b'Mv cflb k|tLlt¿k Jojxf/nfO{
…j]bgf:sGwÚ . -rf}yf]_ uf} cflb ;+1fsf] ;DaGw gfdLsf] ;fy dfÌ] ¿knfO{ …;+1f:sGwÚ . -kfFrf}+_
j]bgf:sGwaf6 /fuå]ifflb Sn]z / If'wf–t[ifflb pkSn]z, db, k|dfb, cledfg, wd{ / cwd{¿k
Jojxf/nfO{ …;+:sf/:sGwÚ dfGb5g\ . ;a} ;+;f/nfO{ b'Mv¿k, b'Mvsf] 3/ / b'Mvsf] ;fwg¿k efjgf
u/]/ ;+;f/af6 5'6\g', rf/jfsx¿ eGbf clws d'lQm, cg'dfg / hLjnfO{ dfÌ', af}4n] dfGb5g\ .
b]zgf nf]sgfyfgf+ ;Œjfzojzfg'ufM . leBGt] ax'wf nf]s] pkfo}a{x'leM lsn ..!..
uDeL/f]Qfge]b]g SjlrRrf]eonIf0ff . leÌf lx b]zgf˜leÌf z"Gotf åonIf0ff ..@..
åfbzfotgk"hf >]o:s/Llt af}4f dGoGt]—
cyf{g'kfB ax'zf] åfåzfotgflg j} . kl/tM k"hgLoflg lsdGo}l/x k"lht}M ..#..
1fg]lGb|ofl0f k~r}j tyf sd]{lGb|ofl0f r . dgf] a'l4l/lt k|f]Q+m åfbzfotg+ a'w}M ..$..
—af}4bz{g ..
cy{— hf] 1fgL, lj/Qm, hLjgd'Qm nf]sx¿sf gfy, a'4 cflb tLy{Í/x¿sf] kbfy{x¿sf]
:j¿knfO{ hfÌ]jfnf pkb]zs h'g ls leÌ–leÌ kbfy{x¿sf] xf], h;sf w]/}h;f] e]b, w]/} pkfox¿af6
atfOPsf] 5, To;nfO{ dfÌ' ..!.. a8f] uDeL/ / k|l;4 e]bn] sxL+ –sxL+ u'Kt / k|s6tfaf6 leÌ–leÌ
u'?x¿sf pkb]z h'g ls z"Go nIf0fo'Qm k"j{ eg]/ cfOof], To;nfO{ dfÌ' ..@.. h'g åfbzfotg k"hf
xf], ToxL g} df]If u/fpg]jfnf xf]— To; k"hfsf] nflu y'k|} b|Joflb kbfy{x¿nfO{ k|fKt u/]/ …åfbzfotgÚ
cyf{t\ afx| k|sf/sf] :yfg ljz]if agfP/ ;a} k|sf/n] k"hf ug'{kb{5, cGosf] k"hf ug{df s]
k|of]hg < ..#.. åfbzfotg k"hf of] xf]— kfFr …1fg]lGb|oÚ cyf{t\ >f]q, Tjrf, rIf', lhÃf / gfl;sfÙ kfFr
…sd]{lGb|oÚ cyf{t\ jfs\, x:t, ku, pk:y / u'Xo, dg / a'l4 log}sf] …;Tsf/Ú cyf{t\ lognfO{ cfgGbdf
k|j[Q /fVg' af}4x¿sf] dt xf] ..$..
pQ/— olb ;+;f/ ;a} b'Mv¿k x'GYof] eg] t s'g} hLjsf] k|j[lQ gx'g'kb{5 . ;+;f/df
hLjx¿sf] k|j[lQ k|ToIf b]lvG5, To;}n] ;+;f/ ;a} b'Mv¿k x'g ;Sb}g lsGt' o;df ;'v–b'Mv b'j} 5g\ .
hxfF af}4n] of] s'/f ub{5g\ eg] t vfgkfgflb / z/L//If0f ug{df k|j[Q eP/ ;'v lsg dfGb5g\ < olb
eGnfg\ ls xfdL k|j[Q t x'G5f}+ k/Gt' o;nfO{ b'Mv g} dfGb5f}+, ta klg of] syg ;Dej x'Fb}g .
lsgeg] hLjn] ;'v hfg]/ k|j[Q / b'Mv hfg]/ lgj[Q x'g] ub{5 . ;+;f/df wd{lqmof, ljBf, ;T;Ëflb
;a} >]i7 Jojxf/ ;'vsf/s 5g\ .
h'g kfFr :sGw atfPsf 5g\, tL klg ck"0f{ 5g\ . lsgeg] o:tf :sGw ljrf/ ug{ nfUof}+ eg]
t Ps Pssf] cg]s e]b x'g ;Sb5g\ . lhg tLy{Í/x¿nfO{ pkb]zs / nf]sgfy dfGb5g\, cgflb
O{Zj/nfO{ dfGb}gg\ eg] t pgLx¿n] pkb]z sxfFaf6 kfP < olb egf}nf ls :jo+ k|fKt eof], ta t
sf/0fsf] lagf sfo{ x'g ;Sb}g . g t o; ;dodf klg pkb]zsf] lagf s;}nfO{ 1fg x'g ;Sb5, /
olb x'G5 eg] t ltdL / cGonfO{ klg x'g hfg]5 . pkb]zs a'4 cflbsf] s] cfjZostf 5 ..!..
olb z"Go¿k g} cå}t pkb]zs af}4x¿sf] xf] eg] t ljBdfg j:t' z"Go¿k slxNo} x'g ;Sb}gÙ
xf], ;"Id sf/0f¿k t x'g hfG5 . h'g b|Jox¿sf] pkfh{gaf6} k"jf]{Qm åfbzfotgk"hf df]Ifsf] ;fwg
elgof] eg] t bz k|f0f / P3f/f}+ hLjsf] k"hf lsg ub}{gf} < / ha OlGb|o / cGtMs/0fsf] k"hf df]Ifk|b
5 eg] t ljifoLhg / af}4x¿df s] e]b /Xof] < k]ml/ d'lQm sxfF < k"j{ ;a}df b'Mv¿k efjgf u/]/
k]ml/ åfbzfotgk"hf nufP . To;}n] logsf] dt ;jf{+z ;To xf]Og .
 af}4 / ;f}utdtsf] ;dLIff -!@=$_
…ljj]s ljnf;Ú u|Gydf af}4x¿sf] dt o; k|sf/n] atfOPsf] 5—
af}4fgf+ ;'utf] b]jf] ljZj+ r If0feª\u'/d\ . cfo{;ŒjfVoof tŒjrt'i6oldb+ qmdft\ ..!..
b'vdfotg+ r}j ttM ;d'bof] dtM . dfu{Zr]To:o r JofVof qmd]0f >"otfdtM ..@..
b'Mv+ ;+;fl/0fM :sGwf:t] r k~r k|sLlQ{tfM . lj1fg+ j]bgf ;+1f ;+:sf/f] ¿kd]j r ..#..
k~r]lGb|ofl0f zAbfBf ljifofM k~r dfg;d\ . wdf{otgd]tflg åfbzfotgflg t' ..$..
/fufbLgf+ u0ff] o:dft\ ;d'b]lt g[0ff+ Ålb . cfTdfTdLo:jefjfVoM ; :ofT;d'boM k'gM ..%..
Ifl0fsfM ;j{;+:sf/f Olt of jf;gf l:y/f . ; dfu{ Olt lj1]oM ; r df]Iff]˜lewLot] ..^..
k|ToIfdg'dfg+ r k|df0flåto+ tyf . rt'Mk|:yflgsf af}4fM Voftf j}eflifsfboM ..&..
cyf]{ 1fgflGjtf] j}eflifs]0f ax' dGot] . ;f}qflGts]g k|ToIfu|fXof]˜yf]{ g alxd{tM ..*..
cfsf/;lxtf a'l4of]{ufrf/:o ;+dtf . s]jnf+ ;+ljb+ :j:yf+ dGoGt] dWodfM k'gM ..(..
/fuflb1fg;Gtfgjf;gfR5]b;Dejf . rt'0ff{dlk af}4fgf+ d'lQm/]iff k|sLlt{tf ..!)..
s[lQM sd08n'df}{08Ø+ rL/+ k"jf{Äef]hgd\ . ;+3f] /QmfDa/Tj+ r lzl>o] af}4leIf'leM ..!!..
—af}4bz{g -Znf]s %–!#÷Znf]s !–@_ ..
cy{— af}4x¿sf ;'utb]j a'4 eujfg\ k"hgLo b]j / hut\ If0feË'/ cfo{ k'?if / cfof{ :qL
tyf tŒjx¿sf] …cfVofÚ ;+1flb k|l;l4 oL rf/ tŒj af}4x¿df dGtJo kbfy{ x'g\ ..!.. o; ljZjnfO{
…b'MvÚ sf] 3/ hfg]df, tbgGt/ …;d'boÚ cyf{t\ pÌlt x'G5 . …dfu{Ú / logsf] JofVof qmdaf6 ;'g ..@..
;+;f/df b'Mvdfq} 5, h'g k~r:sGw k"j{df eg]/ cfOof] To;nfO{ hfÌ' ..#.. k~r 1fg]lGb|o ltgsf
zAbflb ljifo kfFr / dg–a'l4–cGtMs/0f, wd{sf :yfg oL åfbz x'g\ ..$.. h'g dg'iosf] Åbodf
/fuå]ifflb ;d"xsf] pTklQ x'G5 Tof] …;d'boÚ / h'g cfTdf, cfTdfsf] ;DaGwL / :jefj xf] Tof] …cfVofÚ,
log}af6 k]ml/ …;d'boÚ x'g hfG5 ..%.. ;a} ;+:sf/ Ifl0fs xf], h'g of] jf;gf l:y/ x'g', Tof] af}4x¿sf]
…dfu{Ú xf] / ToxL z"Go tŒj z"Go¿k x'g hfg' …df]IfÚ xf] ..^.. af}4hgx¿ k|ToIf / cg'dfg b'O6}dfq
k|df0f dfGb5g\ . rf/ k|sf/sf] logsf e]b 5g\— j}eflifs, ;f}qflGts, of]ufrf/ / dfWolds ..&.. oL
dWo]df …j}eflifsÚ 1fgdf h'g cy{ x'G5, To;nfO{ ljBdfg dfGb5g\, lsgeg] h'g 1fgdf 5}g, To;sf]
x'g' l;4 k'?ifn] dfÌ ;Sb}g / …;f}qflGtsÚ leqsf k|ToIf kbfy{ dfGb5, aflx/sf] xf]Og ..*.. …of]ufrf/Ú
cfsf/;lxt lj1fgo'Qm a'l4nfO{ dfGb5 / …dfWoldsÚ s]jn cfk"mdf kbfy{x¿sf] 1fgdfq dfGb5,
kbfy{nfO{ dfGb}g ..(.. / /fuflb 1fgsf] k|jfxsf] jf;gfsf] gfzaf6 pTkÌ ePsf] d'lQm rf/} af}4x¿sf]
xf] ..!).. d[uflbsf] 5fnf, sd08n', 6fpsf] d'8fpg', jNsn j:q wf/0f, k"jf{Â cyf{t\ gf} ah] eGbf k"j{
ef]hg, PSn} ga:g', /Qm j:qsf] wf/0f, of] af}4x¿sf] ;fw'x¿sf] j]z xf] ..!!..
pQ/— olb af}4x¿sf ;'ut a'4 g} b]j xf] eg] t p;sf] u'? sf] lyof] < / olb ljZj If0feË
x'G5 eg] t, lr/b[i6 kbfy{sf] …of] ToxL xf]Ú o:tf] :d/0f gx'g'kg]{ xf] . h'g If0feË x'G5 eg] Tof] kbfy{
g} /xFb}g, k'gM :d/0f s;sf] x'g] < ..!.. olb Ifl0fsjfb g} af}4x¿sf] dfu{ xf] eg] t logsf] df]If klg
If0feË x'g]5 . olb 1fgn] o'Qm cy{ b|Jo xf] eg] t h8 b|Jodf klg 1fg x'g'kb{5 o;}n] 1fgdf cy{sf]
k|ltlaDah:tf] /xG5 . olb leq 1fgdf b|Jo x'G5 eg] t aflx/ gx'g'kg]{ xf] / Tof] rngflb lqmof
s;dfly ub{5 < aflx/ b]lvG5 Tof] s;/L ldYof x'g ;Sb5 < olb cfsf/n];lxt a'l4 xf] eg] t b[Zo
x'g'kb{5 . olb 1fg g} Åbodf cfTd:y x'G5 eg] t, afXo kbfy{x¿nfO{ s]jn 1fgdfq} dfÌ] xf] eg] t
1]osf] lagf 1fg g} x'g ;Sb}g . olb jf;gfR5]b g} d'lQm xf] eg] t ;'if'lKtdf klg d'lQm dfÌ'kb{5 .
of] ;+If]kaf6 af}4 dtsf] ljifo n]lvof] . o;sf] cufl8 h}gdtsf] ljifo n]lvg] 5, o;nfO{ h}gx¿n]
dfGb5g\ .
h}gdtsf] ;dLIff -!@=%_
k|s/0f /Tgfs/ ! efu, gorqm;f/df lgDglnlvt s'/fx¿ n]lvPsf 5g\—
af}4x¿ ;do–;dodf gjLgkgaf6 -!_ cfsfz, -@_ sfn, -#_ hLj, -$_ k'b\un, oL rf/ b|Jo
dfGb5g\ / h}gLx¿ wd{fl:tsfo, cwdf{l:tsfo, cfsfzfl:tsfo, k'b\unfl:tsfo, hLjfl:tsfo / sfn
oL 5M b|Jo dfGb5g\ . o;df sfnsf] cfl:tsfotf 5}g / o:tf] klg dfGb5g\ ls sfn pkrf/n] b|Jo
xf], j:t'tM xf]Og .
 To; dWo]df klxnf] …wdf{l:tsfoÚ h'g ultkl/0ffdLkgaf6 kl/0ffdnfO{ k|fKt ePsf] hLj /
k'b\un, logsf] ultsf] ;dLkn] :tDeg ug{sf] x]t' xf] Tof] wdf{l:tsfo, / Tof] c;+Vo k|b]z kl/df0f /
nf]sdf Jofks 5 .
/ bf];|f] …cwdf{l:tsfoÚ of] xf] ls h'g l:y/tfaf6 kl/0ffdL ePsf hLj tyf k'b\unsf] l:yltsf]
cf>osf] x]t' xf] .
t];|f] …cfsfzfl:tsfoÚ To;nfO{ eGb5g\ ls h'g ;a} b|Jox¿sf] cfwf/ h;df cjufxg, k|j]z,
lgu{d cflb lqmof ug]{jfnf hLj tyf k'b\unx¿nfO{ cjufxgsf] x]t' / ;j{JofkL x'G5 .
rf}yf] …k'b\unfl:tsfoÚ of] xf] ls h'g sf/0f¿k ;"Id, lgTo, Ps/;, j0f{, uGw, :kz{, sfo{sf]
lnË, k'l/g] / uNg]sf] :jefjjfnf x'G5 .
kfFrf}+ …hLjfl:tsfoÚ of] xf] ls h'g r]tgf nIf0f 1fg–bz{gdf pko'Qm, cgGt kof{ox¿af6
kl/0ffdL x'g]jfnf stf{ ef]Qmf x'G5 .
/ 5}6f}+ …sfnÚ of] xf] ls h'g k"jf]{Qm k~rfl:tsfox¿sf] k/Tj–ck/Tj, gjLg–k|frLgtfsf]
lr¿k k|l;l4 jt{dfg¿k kof{ox¿n] o'Qm x'G5, To;nfO{ sfn elgG5 .
;dLIfs— h'g af}4x¿n] rf/ b|Jo k|lt;dodf gjLg–gjLg dfg]sf 5g\, Tof] e'm6f] xf], lsgeg]
cfsfz, sfn, hLj / k/df0f', gofF k'/fgf] slxNo} x'g ;Sb}gg\ . lsgeg] oL cgflb / sf/0f¿kaf6
cljgfzL x'g\, k'gM gofF / k'/fgf]kg s;/L 36\g ;Sb5 < / h}gLx¿sf] dfÌ' klg 7Ls xf]Og . lsgeg]
wdf{˜wd{ b|Jo x'g ;Sb}g lsGt' hLjsf u'0f x'g\, oL b'O6} hLjfl:tsfodf cfpF5g\Ù o;}n] cfsfz,
k/df0f', hLj / sfn dfg]sf eP 7Ls lyof] . / h'g gj b|Jo j}z]lifsdf dfg]sf 5g\ Tof] g} 7Ls xf],
lsgeg] k[lyJoflb kfFr tŒj, sfn, lbzf, cfTdf / dg oL gj k[ys\–k[ys\ kbfy{ lglZrt x'g\ . Ps
hLjnfO{ r]tg dfg]/ O{Zj/nfO{ gdfÌ', h}g–af}4x¿sf] ldYof kIfkftsf] s'/f xf] .
;ft eËsf :ofåfbx¿ -!@=^_
ca h'g af}4 / h}gLx¿ ;KteËL Gofo :ofåfb dfGb5g\, Tof] of] xf] . x]/—
k|lxnf] eË— …;g\ 36MÚ o;nfO{ k|yd eË eGb5g\, lsgeg] 36 cfˆgf] jt{dfgtfb]lv o'Qm 38f
xf], o;n] cefjsf] lj/f]w u/]sf] 5 .
bf];|f] eË— …c;g\ 36MÚ 38f 5}g, k|yd 36sf] efjn], of] 38fsf] c;b\efjb]lv bf];|f] eË
eof] .
t];|f] eË— of] xf] ls …;Ì;g\ 36MÚ cyf{t\ of] 38f t xf] k/Gt' of] k6 xf]Og, lsgeg] tL
b'j}b]lv k[ys\ x'g uof] .
rf}yf] eË— …36f]˜36MÚ nfO{ elgG5 . h;/L …c36M k6MÚ bf];|f] k6sf] cefjsf] ck]Iff cfk"mdf
x'gfn] 36 c36 elgG5, o'ukt\ To;sf] b'O{ ;+1f cyf{t\ 36 / c36 klg xf] .
kfFrf}+ eË— of] xf] ls 36nfO{ 36 eÌsf] of]Uo cyf{t\ 36nfO{ k6 eÌ cof]Uo . To;df 36kg
jQmJo 5 . / k6kg cjQmJo 5 .
5}6f}+ eË— of] xf] ls h'g s'De 5}g 36 eÌ of]Uo klg x'Fb}g / h'g x'G5 Tof] eÌ klg of]Uo
xf] .
/ ;ftf}+ eË— of] xf] ls h'g eÌdf t Oi6 xf] k/Gt' Tof] x'Fb}g / eÌ of]Uo klg 36 xf]Og,
o;nfO{ ;ftf}+ eË elgG5 . o;} k|sf/—
:ofbl:t hLjf]˜o+ k|ydf] eËM ..!.. :ofÌfl:t hLjf] låtLof] eËM ..@..
:ofbjQmJof] hLj:t[tLof] eËM ..#.. :ofbl:t gfl:t¿kf] hLjZrt'yf]{ eËM ..$..
:ofbl:t cjQmJof] hLjM k~rdf] eËM ..%.. :ofÌfl:t cjQmJof] hLjM ifi7f] eËM ..^..
:ofbl:t gfl:t cjQmJof] hLj Olt ;Ktdf] eËM ..&..
—t'ngf [-k|s/0f /Tgfs/ efu—!_, -;j{bz{g;+u|x cfx{tbz{g_] ..
cy{— æ5 hLjÆ o:tf] k|syg x'G5 eg] t hLjsf] lj/f]wL h8 kbfy{x¿sf] hLjdf cefj¿k
eË k|yd elgG5 .
bf];|f] eË of] xf] ls æhLj 5}g h8dfÆ o:tf] syg klg x'G5, o;}nfO{ bf];|f] eË elgG5 .
æhLj eÌ of]Uo 5}gÆ of] t];|f] eË xf] .
æha hLj z/L/ wf/0f ub{5 ta k|l;4 / ha z/L/af6 k[ys\ x'G5 ta ck|l;4 /xG5Æ o:tf]
syg x'G5 eg] t o;nfO{ rt'y{ eË eGb5g\ .
 æhLj 5 k/Gt' eÌ of]Uo 5}gÆ h'g o:tf] syg 5, To;nfO{ k~rd eË eGb5g\ .
æhLj k|ToIf k|df0faf6 eÌdf cfpFb}g, o;}n] rfIf'if k|ToIf 5}gÆ h'g o:tf] Jojxf/ xf],
To;nfO{ 5}6f}+ eË eGb5g\ .
æPs sfndf hLjsf] cg'dfgaf6 x'g' / b[Zokgdf gx'g' / Psh:t} g/xg' lsGt' If0f–If0fdf
kl/0ffdnfO{ k|fKt x'g', cl:t–gfl:t x'Fb}g / gfl:t–cl:t x'Fb}gÆ, of] ;ftf}+ eË eof] .
o;} k|sf/ lgToTj ;KteËL, clgToTj ;KteËL tyf ;fdfGo wd{, ljz]if wd{, u'0f /
kof{ox¿sf] k|To]s j:t'df ;KteËL x'G5 . To:t} b|Jo, u'0f, :jefj / kof{ox¿sf] cgGt x'gfn]
;KteËL klg cgGt x'G5 . o:tf] af}4 tyf h}gLx¿sf] …:ofåfbÚ / …;KteËLÚ Gofo elgG5 .
;dLIfs— of] syg Ps cGof]Gofefjdf ;fwDo{ / j}wDo{df rl/tfy{ x'g ;Sb5 . o; ;/n
k|s/0fnfO{ 5f]8]/ sl7g hfn–/rgf s]jn c1fgLx¿nfO{ km;fpgsf] nflu x'G5 . x]/ Û hLjsf]
chLjdf / chLjsf] hLjdf cefj /xG5 g} . h;/L hLj / h8sf] jt{dfg x'gfn] ;fwDo{ / r]tg
tyf h8 x'gfn] j}wDo{ cyf{t\ hLjdf r]tgTj -cl:t_ 5 / h8Tj -gfl:t_ 5}g . o;} k|sf/ h8df
h8Tj 5 / r]tgTj 5}g . o;af6 u'0f–sd{–:jefjsf] ;dfgwd{, / lj?4 wd{sf] ljrf/n] ;a} logsf
;KteËL / :ofåfb ;xhtfn] a'‰g ;lsG5, k]ml/ olt k|k~r a9fpg' s] sfdsf] nflu xf] < o;df af}4
/ h}gx¿sf] Ps dt 5 . yf]/}dfq k[ys\ x'gfn] leÌ–efj klg x'g hfG5 .
h}g / af}4sf] P]Sotf -!@=&_
ca o; eGbf cufl8 s]jn h}gdtsf] j0f{g 5—
lrblrb\ å] k/] tŒj] ljj]s:tlåj]rgd\ . pkfb]od'kfb]o+ x]o+ x]o+ r s'j{tM ..!..
x]o+ lx st[{/fuflb tTsføo{dljj]lsgM . pkfb]o+ k/+ Hof]lt?kof]u}snIf0fd\ ..@..
—cfx{tbz{g ..
h}gLx¿ …lrt\Ú / …clrt\Ú cyf{t\ r]tg / h8 b'O6fdfq} k/tŒj dfGb5g\ . tL b'O6fsf]
ljj]rgsf] gfd …ljj]sÚ . h'g–h'g u|x0fsf] of]Uo 5, To;–To;sf] u|x0f / h'g–h'g Tofu ug{ of]Uo 5,
To;–To;sf] Tofu ug]{jfnfnfO{ …ljj]sLÚ eGb5g\ ..!.. hut\sf] stf{ / /fuflb tyf O{Zj/n] hut\
u/]sf] 5, o; cljj]sL dtsf] Tofu / of]un] nlIft k/dHof]lt:j¿k h'g hLj xf], To;sf] u|x0f ug'{
pQd xf] ..@..
cyf{t\ hLjsf] lagf bf];|f] r]tgtŒj O{Zj/nfO{ dfGb}gg\ . …sf]xL klg cgflb l;4 O{Zj/ 5}gÚ,
o:tf] af}4–h}gx¿ dfGb5g\ . o;df /fhf lzjk|;fbhL …Oltxf;ltld/GffzsÚ u|Gydf n]Vb5g\ ls—
ælogsf b'O{ gfd x'g\, Ps h}g / bf];|f] af}4 . oL kof{ojfrL zAb x'g\ k/Gt' af}4x¿df jfddfuL{
dBdf+;fxf/L af}4 5g\, ltgLx¿;Fu h}gLx¿sf] lj/f]w 5 . k/Gt' hf] dxfjL/ / uf}td u0fw/ 5g\,
pgLx¿sf gfd af}4x¿n] a'4 /fv]sf 5g\ / h}gLx¿n] u0fw/ / lhgj/Æ /fv]sf 5g\ . o;df lhgsf]
k/Dk/f h}gdt xf], tL /fhf lzjk|;fbhLn] cfˆgf] …Oltxf;ltld/gfzsÚ u|Gysf] t];|f] v08
-d]l8snxn, agf/; d'lb|t k|yd ;+:s/0f ljqmd ;+jt\ !(#), k[i7 !)(_ df n]v]sf 5g\ ls æ:jfdL
zÍ/frfo{ eGbf klxnf lhgsf] s'n rn]sf] xhf/ jif{ nueu e};s]sf] lyof], ;f/f ef/tjif{df af}4
cyjf h}gwd{ k}mlnPsf] lyof] .Æ o;dfly l6Kk0fL— æ===af}4 eÌfn] xfd|f] cfzo p; dt;Fu 5, h'g
dxfjL/sf] u0fw/ uf}td :jfdLsf] ;dob]lv zÍ/ :jfdLsf] ;do;Dd j]blj?4 ;f/f ef/tjif{df
k}mln/fVof] / h;nfO{ …czf]sÚ / …;Dk|ltÚ dxf/fhn] dfg], o;af6 h}g s'g} t/xn] klg aflx/ lg:sg
;Sb}gg\ .==== lhg, h;af6 h}g lgl:sof] / a'4, h;af6 af}4 lgl:sof], b'O6} kof{o zAb x'g\ . sf]zdf
b'O6}sf] cy{ Pp6} n]lvPsf] 5 / uf}tdnfO{ b'j}n] dfGb5g\ . j/g\ bLkj+z OToflb k'/fgf af}4
u|Gyx¿df zfSod'lg uf}td a'4nfO{ k|foM dxfjL/sf] gfdn] g} n]lvPsf] 5 . x'g;Sb5 pgsf] ;dodf
Pp6} dt /Xof] xf]nf .==== xfdLn] h'g h}g gn]v]/ uf}tdsf dtjfnfx¿nfO{ af}4 n]Vof}+, o;sf] k|of]hg
s]jn olt g} xf] ls pgnfO{ bf];|f b]zjfnfx¿n] af}4s} gfdn] n]v]sf 5g\====.Æ o:t} g} cd/sf]zdf
n]lvPsf] 5—
;j{1M ;'utf] a'4f] wd{/fh:tyfutM . ;dGteb|f] eujfg\ df/lhNnf]slhlHhgM ..!..
if8le1f] bzanf]˜åojfbL ljgfosM . d'gLGb|M >LwgM zf:tf d'lgM zfSod'lg:t' oM ..@..
; zfSol;+x ;jf{y{M l;4Zzf}4f]blgZr ;M . uf}tdZrfs{aGw'Zr dfofb]jL;'tZr ;M ..#..
—cd/sf]z -sf08 !÷ju{ !÷Znf]s *–!)_ ..
 ca x]g'{xf];\ Û …a'4Ú, …lhgÚ / …af}4Ú tyf …h}gÚ Pp6}sf] gfd xf] ls xf]Og < s] …cd/l;+xÚ n] klg
…a'4Ú …lhgÚ nfO{ Ps n]Vgdf e'n]sf] xf] < hlt cljåfgL 5g\, ltgn] g t cfˆgf] hfGb5g\ g t
csf{sf], s]jn x7dfqn] aa{/fpF5g\, k/Gt' hf] h}gx¿df ljåfg\ 5g\, ltgLx¿n] ;a} hfGb5g\ ls …a'4Ú
/ …lhgÚ tyf …af}4Ú / …h}gÚ kof{ojfrL x'g\ .
pg} af}4x¿ / h}gLx¿df gfddfqsf] e]b xf], k/Gt' hf] df+;fxf/L af}4 5g\, pgLx¿b]lv h}g
leGb} x'g\ . k]ml/ rf/jfssf] dt lnP/ h}gdt k|j[Q ePsf] 5 . c¿ s]xL e]b klg 5 cyf{t\ h;/L
rf/jfs\ / af}4n] O{Zj/nfO{ dfGb}gg\ / hut\ cgflb sfnb]lv :jefjl;4 tyf k|ToIf / cg'dfgnfO{
dfGb5g\ .
h}gLx¿ hLjnfO{ cgflb / Ifl0fsjfbb]lv lj?4 dfGb5g\ . hLj sd{sf] stf{, :jo+kmn ef]Qmf
xf] . kmnk|bftf / hut\sf] stf{ sf]xL 5}g . sd{Ifoaf6 d'lQm, bof, IfdfnfO{ wd{ dfGb5g\ .
/ cfˆgf tLy{Í/x¿nfO{ g} s]jnL d'lQmk|fKt / k/d]Zj/ dfGb5g\, cgflb k/d]Zj/ sf]xL 5}g .
;j{1, jLt/fu, cx{g\, s]jnL, tLy{s[t, lhg oL 5M gfl:tsx¿sf b]jtfx¿sf gfd x'g\ .
cgflbb]jsf] :j¿k rGb|;"l/n] …cfKtlgZrofnÍf/Ú u|Gydf n]v]sf 5g\—
;j{1f] jLt/fuflbbf]if:q}nf]Sok"lhtM . oyfl:ytfy{jfbL r b]jf]˜x{g\ k/d]Zj/M ..!..
—cfx{tbz{g ..
tyf rf]Q+m …tf}tflttf}M—
;j{1f] b[Zot] tfjÌ]bfgLd:dbflbleM . b[i6f] g r}sb]zf]˜l:t lnË+ jf of]˜g'dfko]t\ ..@..
g rf˜˜udljlwM slZrlÌToM ;j{1af]wsM . g r tqfy{jfbfgf+ tfTko{dlk sNKot] ..#..
g rfGofy{k|wfg}:t}:tbl:tTj+ ljwLot] . g rfg'jlbt'+ zSoM k"j{dGo}/af]lwtM ..$..
cgfb]/fud:ofyf]{ g r ;j{1 cflbdfg\ . s[lqd]0f Tj;To]g ; sy+ k|ltkfBt] ..%..
cy tårg]g}j ;j{1f]˜Go}M k|tLot] . k|snKo]t sy+ l;l4/Gof]˜Gof>oof]:tof]M ..^..
;j{1f]Qmtof jfSo+ ;To+ t]g tbl:ttf . sy+ tb'eo+ l;Wo]t\ l;4d"nfGt/fb[t] ..&..
c;j{1k|0fLtfQ' jrgfGd"njlh{tft\ . ;j{1djuR5Gt:tåfSof]Q+m g hfgt] ..*..
;j{1;b[z+ lsl~rBlb kZo]d ;Dk|lt . pkdfg]g ;j{1+ hfgLofd ttf] ojd\ ..(..
pkb]zf]˜lk a'4:o wdf{wdf{lbuf]r/M . cGoyf gf]kkB]t ;j{1+ olb gfejt\ ..!)..
—cfx{tbz{g ..
cy{— h;n] /fuflb bf]ifx¿ lhTb5 ;j{1 ;a}sf] 1ftf, tLg} nf]sdf k"lht, oyfy{jfbL cx{tb]j
x'g\ pg} k/d]Zj/ x'g\ ..!.. olb ;j{1 cgflb O{Zj/ x'GYof] eg] t To;nfO{ xfdLn] b]Vb}gf}+, o;}n] O{Zj/
k|ToIf xf]Og / p;sf] Ps b]z jf lrÂnfO{ klg xfdLx¿n] b]Vb}gf}+, h;af6 cg'dfg ug{ ;lsof];\ ..@..
/ ;j{1sf] af]w u/fpg]jfnf s'g} cfud cyf{t\ s'g} zf:qsf] ljlw klg 5}g, o;}n] O{Zj/df zAbk|df0f
klg 5}g . / p;df cy{jfb klg 36\b}g, lsgeg] h'g;'s} j:t' xf];\ To;sf] u'0f–bf]if hfg]/ :t'lt jf
lgGbf x'G5 eg] t, cyf{klQn] klg O{Zj/nfO{ l;4 u/f];\ ..#.. To;}n] cyf{klQaf6 klg O{Zj/ l;4 x'Fb}g
/ g cGofy{ k|wfg lnËx¿n] O{Zj/sf] cl:tŒj l;4 x'G5, h;/L /rgfnfO{ b]v]/ /rgfsf/sf] cg'dfg
ul/G5 . O{Zj/sf] cg'jfb klg s;}n] ug{ ;Sb}g, lsgeg] h'g k"j{ slyt O{Zj/ x'GYof] eg] t To;sf]
cg'jfb x'g ;Sb5 ..$.. / hf] ;j{1 cflbdfg\ x'G5 Tof] cgflb zf:qsf] jf hut\sf] stf{ x'g ;Sb}g,
h'g s[lqd c;To hut\ xf], p;df cs[lqd ;To O{Zj/ s;/L x'g ;Sb5 ..%.. olb s;}n] eGb5 ls
p;}sf] jrgaf6 cGo hLjx¿ O{Zj/nfO{ hfGb5g\ eg] t …O{Zj/sf] jrgaf6 O{Zj/sf] l;l4 /
O{Zj/b]lv jrgsf]Ú of] cGof]˜Gof>o bf]if cfpF5 . lsgeg] ;j{1f]Qmjrgaf6 jfSo ;To / p;b]lv
O{Zj/ cl:tŒj l;4 ug'{5, oL b'O6} Ps–csf{sf] l;l4df ck]Iff /fVb5g\, p;sf] lagf Ps–csf{sf]
l;l4 x'g ;Sb}g ..^–&.. h'g d"njlh{t c;j{1k|0fLtjrgn] ;a}nfO{ hfGb5g\, ltgx¿n] p;sf]
jfSof]Qmwd{nfO{ hfGb}gg\ ..*.. olb xfdLn] o; ;dodf s;}nfO{ ;j{1sf] t'No b]Vof}+ eg] t pkdfgaf6
;j{1nfO{ dfÌ ;lsG5 / pkb]z klg a'4 cyf{t\ hfgsf/sf] wdf{wd{ nIf0f:j¿k x'g ;Sb5 . cGoyf
cyf{t\ a'l4sf] lagf ;j{1 x'g ;Sb}g . h'g ;j{1 xfdLnfO{ pkb]i6f k|ToIf x'Fb}g eg] t xfdLn]
wdf{wd{nfO{ hfÌ ;Sb}gf}+, o;}n] ;j{1 tLy{Í/x¿sf] jrg dfÌ'kb{5 …cgflb O{Zj/ sf]xL 5}gÚ ..(–!)..
o;sf] v08g—
pQ/— of] ;a} k|k~rsf] s'/f xf] . lsgeg] h'g k|yd /fuflb bf]ifo'Qm 5, Tof] ;bfsf] nflu
slxNo} klg 5'6\g ;Sb}g, lsgeg] h'g g}ldlQs bf]if 5g\ eg] t k]ml/ klg lgldQ x'gfn] x'g hfg]5 /
:jfefljs x'g\ eg] t slxNo} 5'6\g]5}gg\ . h'g b]zsfnb]lv kl/lR5Ì j:t' x'G5, Tof] Psb]zL / h'g
Psb]zL x'G5, Tof] ;j{1 xf]Og . lsgeg] h'g j:t' cNk x'G5, p;sf u'0f, sd{, :jefj klg cNk
x'G5g\, Tof] ;j{1 x'g ;Sb}g . lsGt' hf] ;j{Jofks cgflb k/dfTdf xf], jxL ;gftg O{Zj/ xf] ..!..
s] ltdLnfO{ h'g j:t' k|ToIf x'Fb}g, Tof] x'Fb}g / h'g k|ToIf 5 ToxL x'G5, o:tf] lgod x'G5 <
ltdLn] k|ToIf 5M k|sf/sf] dfGb5f} xf]nf . Ps >fj0f, bf];|f] Tjfr, t];|f] rfIf'if, rf}yf] /f;g, kfFrf}+
3|f0f / 5}6f}+ dfg; . h;/L k[YjLsf] uGwflb u'0f sl7gTjflb :jefjnfO{ b]v]/ k[YjL k|ToIf x'G5, To;/L
g} k/d]Zj/sf] u'0f, sd{, :jefj / lgod ;[li6df /rgf cflb u'0f, sd{ / :jefj sfo{ lgod b]v]/
;j{1, ;j{JofkL, cgflb O{Zj/sf] k|ToIf ug'{kb{5 . / ha hLjfTdf s'g} b'i6 jf >]i7 sfdsf] Wofg
ub{5, To; ;do pm tbfsf/ p;sf] cled'v x'G5 . To;} ;do p;sf] leqaf6 csf]{ k|]/0ff cyf{t\
kfkdf eo, zÍf, nHhf / k'0odf lge{o, pT;fx / k|;Ìtf u/fpg] a'l4 lg:sG5, Tof] O{Zj/sf]
lt/af6 ePsf] xf] . jxfF u'0f–u'0fLsf] tfbfTDo ;DaGw x'G5, o;}n] k/dfTdf k|ToIf 5 . h;/L s'g}
s[lqd kbfy{nfO{ b]v]/, p;df ePsf] /rgf ljz]if lnËnfO{ b]v]/ cb[i6 stf{nfO{ lglZrt hfÌkg]{
x'G5 . s] of] O{Zj/df cg'dfgsf] lnË xf]Og ..@..
cfud cyf{t\ cfKtn] eg]sf k|df0fnfO{ dfÌ'kb{5 . ltd|f] k':tsdf cgflb O{Zj/sf] lg¿k0f
ul/Pg, Tof] e'n xf] . hf] lgTo ;j{1 xf]Og eg] t ;flb 1fgo'Qm k'?ifsf] z/L/ kfngsf] nflu kbfy{
sxfFaf6 x'g ;Sb5 < lsgeg] z/L/sf] cflb cGt x'G5, o;sf] stf{ hLj x'g ;Sb}g . olb z/L/flbsf]
stf{ x'GYof] eg] t zf/Ll/s lqmof klg hfGYof] ls o; cfFvfdf slt gf8L cflb kbfy{x¿sf] ;+of]u –
ljof]u 5g\, To;nfO{ hfGbYof] . h;/L ;fFrf]df s'g} wft'nfO{ kufn]/ xfNbf, tfb[zkfq aÌ hfG5 .
cyjf aLhdf h:tf] /rgf ub{5 To:t} cª\s'/, d"n, zfvf, kq, k'ik, kmn pTkÌ x'G5, of] ;fdYo{
hLjsf] xf] h8sf] xf]Og lsgeg] hLjnfO{ ha z/L/ k|fKt x'G5, ta g} s]xL ug{ ;Sb5 / 1fgsf]
;fdYo{ a9fpg ;Sb5 cGoyf ;Sb}g . olb cgflb O{Zj/n] hLjsf] z/L/ jf aLh cflbsf] of]u uy]{g
eg] t s]xL klg x'g ;Sg] lyPg . x]/ Û slt g} s'g} ljåfg\ jf of]uL lsg gxf];\ ha ;'if'lKtnfO{ k|fKt
x'G5, ta s]xL klg efg /xFb}g .
bf];|f]— ha b'Mv k|fKt x'G5, ta 1fg z"Go x'g hfG5 . hLj jf h8 k/df0f'x¿af6 :jtM klg
/rgfljz]if x'g ;Sb}g / oyfy{jfb klg O{Zj/df oyfjt\ 36\b5, lsgeg] hut\df cgGt ljBfsf]
oyfjt\ /lrt sfo{x¿nfO{ b]Vgfn] O{Zj/ k|z+;gLo x'G5 . ha cGtof{dL O{Zj/ cfˆgf] u'0f, sd{ /
:jefjsf] k|sfz hLjfTdfdf ub{5, k'gM bf]:f|fsf] ;fd'Ì] k/d]Zj/sf] cg'jfb ug{ klg ;xh x'G5 .
cGof]˜Gof>o bf]if clgTo kbfy{df cfpF5 lgTodf xf]Og . lsgeg] h'g ;fwg;fWo x'G5 To;}df g}
cgj:yf cfpg] ub{5, lgTodf xf]Og . h;/L ;"o{ / k|bLksf] k|sfz / k|sfZo ;"o{ / bLk x'G5, bf];|f]
xf]Og, o;} k|sf/ k/d]Zj/sf] jrg / k/d]Zj/ lgTo / :jo+ k|sfz x'gfn] cgj:yf cfpg ;Sb}g .
k]ml/ pkdfgaf6 klg O{Zj/ l;4 x'G5 . lsgeg] k/d]Zj/sf] ;b[z k/d]Zj/ 5 jf Psb]z cyjf Ps
u'0f, sd{, :jefj t'No bf];|f] cfsfz, GofofwLz cflb x'G5g\, To;sf] pkdfaf6 klg O{Zj/ l;4 x'G5 .
o;}n] hxfF tLy{Í/x¿nfO{ k/d]Zj/ dfGb5f} eg] t ltgLx¿sf dftf–lktfnfO{ s;n] pTkÌ u/]sf]
lyof] < olb eGb5f} ls tL :jefjn] ePsf lyP eg] t clxn] klg :jefjaf6 dg'io lsg
x'Fb}gg\ ..#–!)..
tf}tfltsf] dtsf] pNn]v -!@=*_
cfl:ts / gfl:tssf] ;+jfb
o; eGbf cufl8 k|s/0f/Tgfs/sf] bf];|f] efuaf6 h;nfO{ 7"nf–7"nf h}gLx¿n] cfˆgf]
;Ddltsf] ;fy dfg]/ d'DaO{df 5kfPsf x'g\ . h}gLx¿sf] O{Zj/v08gdf cfl:ts gfl:ts ;+jfbsf]
k|Zgf]Q/ oxfF n]Vb5f}+ .
gfl:ts— O{Zj/sf] OR5faf6 s]xL klg x'Fb}g, h]–hlt x'G5 Tof] sd{af6 xf] .
cfl:ts— sd{af6 h'g x'G5 Tof] sd{ s;af6 x'G5 < olb eGb5f} ls hLj cflbaf6 eg] t
pg}sf] kmn ef]Ug' hLjsf] OR5fg's"n xf] . k/Gt' kfksf] kmn b'MvnfO{ hLj cfˆgf] OR5fn] ef]Ub}g,
O{Zj/n] ef]ufOlb+bf ef]Ub5 . h;/L rf]/n] ;'v cfˆgf] OR5fn] ef]Ub5 / b'Mv /fhfsf] Joj:yfn] .
gfl:ts— O{Zj/ clqmo xf], lsgeg] hf] sd{ stf{ x'GYof] eg] t, sd{sf] kmn klg ef]Ug' kYof]{ .
cfl:ts— O{Zj/ clqmo xf]Og, lsgeg] r]tg / ;[li6stf{ xf] . h:tf] ltd|f] s[lqd agfj6sf]
O{Zj/ h:t} ls ltdLn] tLy{Í/x¿nfO{ hLjaf6 O{Zj/ ag]sf dfg]sf 5f}, To:tf] sbflrb\ x'g] ePsf
o; k|sf/sf] O{Zj/nfO{ sf]xL ljåfg\n] dfÌ ;Sb}g . lsgeg] h'g lgldQaf6 O{Zj/ aGb5 eg] t
clgTo x'g hfG5 . lsgeg] O{Zj/ aÌ' eGbf klxnf hLj lyof], kZrft\ s'g} lgldQaf6 O{Zj/ aGof]
xf]nf, Tof] k]ml/ klg hLj x'g hfg]5 . lsgeg] of] cgflb sfnb]lv hLj lyof], cgGtsfn /xg]5 . k]ml/
aLrdf O{Zj/ aGof], Tof] klg cGtdf k'gM hLj x'g hfg]5 . To;}n] o; cgflb O{Zj/nfO{ dfÌ of]Uo
5 . k/d]Zj/n] kfk slxNo} ub}{g . h:tf] :jefljs r]i6f x'G5, p;} k|sf/ hut\sf] pTklQ, l:ylt,
k|no ub{5 . o;}n] hut\sf] stf{ O{Zj/ xf] . :jefjaf6 hut\ aGb5 eg] t, hut\sf] sf/0fsf] :jefj
h8Tj xf], Tof] 1fgk"j{s >]i7 x'g ;Sb}g, lsgeg] To;df oyfof]Uo aÌ] 1fg g} x'Fb}g . h;/L df6f]df
3}+6f] skf;df n'uf aÌ] :jtM ;fdYo{ x'Fb}g . bf];|f] 1fgjfnfn] agfpgfn] dfq 3}+6f] / j:q aGb5 .
gfl:ts— O{Zj/ Jofks 5}g . olb Jofks x'GYof] eg] t ;a} r]tg x'Gy] / a/fa/ r]tgtf lsg
5}g < a|fXd0fflbdf pQd, dWod, lgs[i6tf lsg eof] < lsgeg] ;a}df O{Zj/ Ps}gf; Jofks 5 eg]
t o;/L ;fgf–7"nf lsg eP <
cfl:ts— JofKo / Jofks Ps xf]Og, lsGt' b'O{ j6f x'G5g\ . h;/L cfsfz ;a}df Jofks 5 /
;a} cfsfzsf] ;b[z x'Fb}gg\ . To;} u/L k/d]Zj/sf] r]tg x'gfn] ha} h8j:t' r]tg x'Fb}g . h;/L
cfsfz ;a}df a/fa/L 5, k[YjL cflbsf] cjoj a/fa/ 5}g, To;} u/L k/d]Zj/sf] a/fa/L sf]xL 5}g .
h;/L ljåfg, cljåfg\, wdf{Tdf cwdf{Tdf a/fa/ x'Fb}gg\, To;/L g} ljBflb ;b\u'0f / ;Toefif0fflb sd{
tyf ;'zLntflb :jefjsf] clws Go"g x'gfn] a|fXd0f, Iflqo, j}Zo, z"b| / cGToh 7"nf–;fgf
dflgG5g\ . j0f{x¿sf] JofVof h:tf] rt'y{;d'Nnf;df n]v]/ cfPF jxfF x]g'{xf]nf .
gfl:ts— O{Zj/n] hut\sf] clwkltTj / hut\¿k P]Zjo{ s] sf/0fn] :jLsf/ u¥of] <
cfl:ts— O{Zj/n] slxNo} clwkltTj g 5f]8]sf] lyof], g u|x0f u/]sf] 5, lsGt' clwkltTj /
hut\¿k P]Zjo{ O{Zj/df g} 5 . g slxNo} To;af6 cnu x'g ;Sb5 eg] t, u|x0f s;/L ug]{ <
lsgeg] ck|fKtsf] u|x0f x'G5 . JofKoaf6 Jofks / Jofksaf6 JofKo k[ys\ slxNo} x'g ;Sb}g . To;}n]
;b}j :jfldTj / cgGt P]Zjo{ cgflb sfnb]lv O{Zj/df 5 . o;sf] u|x0f / Tofu hLjx¿df 36\g
;Sb5, O{Zj/df xf]Og .
gfl:ts— olb O{Zj/sf] /rgfaf6 ;[li6 x'G5 eg] t, dftf–lktflbsf] s] sfd < ha k/dfTdf
zfZjt, cgflb, lrbfgGb, 1fg:j¿k 5 eg] t hut\sf] k|k~r / b'Mv¿kdf lsg k¥of] < o:tf] sfd
s'g} ;fwf/0f dg'ion] klg cfgGbnfO{ 5f]8]/, b'MvnfO{ u|x0f ub}{g . O{Zj/n] lsg u¥of] t <
cfl:ts— O{Zj/sf] ;[li6 leÌ / dfg'ifL ;[li6 leÌ x'G5 . o;}n] dftf–lktflbsf] cfjZostf
x'G5 . h;/L k/dfTdfn] cgflb k|s[lt k/df0f'¿k sf/0faf6 ;[li6 ub{5, To;} u/L k/dfTdfn] dftf–
lktf¿k lgldQ sf/0fb]lv pTklQsf] k|aGw u/]sf] 5 . o;df s'g} bf]if 5}g .
k/dfTdf s'g} k|k~r / b'Mvdf lub}{g, g t cfˆgf] cfgGbnfO{ 5f]8\b5, lsgeg] k|k~r / b'Mvdf
lug'{ h'g Psb]zL xf] To;sf] x'g ;Sb5Ù ;j{b]zLsf] x'Fb}g . hf] cgflb, lrbfgGb, 1fg:j¿k k/dfTdfn]
hut\nfO{ agfpFb}g eg] t cGo s;n] agfpg ;Sb5 < hut\ agfpg] hLjdf ;fdYo{ 5}g / h8df
:jo+ aÌ] klg ;fdYo{ 5}g . o;af6 oxL l;4 x'G5 ls k/dfTdfn] g} hut\nfO{ agfpF5 / ;bf
cfgGbdf /xG5 . h;/L k/dfTdfn] k/df0f'¿k sf/0faf6 ;[li6 ub{5 To;/L dftf lktf¿k
lgldQsf/0fn] klg pTklQsf] k|aGw–lgod p;}n] u/]sf] 5 .
gfl:ts— O{Zj/ d'lQmkbnfO{ 5f]8]/ hut\df cg]s¿k kbfy{x¿sf] ;[li6wf/0f / k|no ug]{
av]8fdf lsg k¥of] <
cfl:ts— O{Zj/ ;bf d'Qm 5 . ltd|f tLy{Í/x¿sf] ;b[z aGwk"j{s d'lQmsf] x'g' O{Zj/df
x'Fb}g . hut\nfO{ agfpF5, wtf{, kfngstf{ / k|no u/]/ klg aGwdf kb}{g, lsgeg] aGw / d'lQm ;fk]If
x'g\ . hxfF aGw 5}g t d'lQm 5}g / d'lQm 5 t aGw 5}g . k/d]Zj/df aGw–df]If 36\g ;Sb}g, lsGt'
;bf d'Qm 5 . / hf] Psb]zL hLj 5g\, pg} g} a4 / d'Qm ;bf e}/fVb5g\ . cgGt ;j{b]zL, ;j{Jofks,
O{Zj/ aGwg jf g}ldlQs d'lQmsf] rqmdf, h:tf ls ltd|f tLy{Í/ 5g\, slxNo} kb}{g .
gfl:ts— hLj h;/L lkPsf] efËsf] gzfs} ;dfg, cfˆgf]–cfˆgf] sd{sf] kmndf k|fKt x'G5,
o;df O{Zj/sf] s]xL sfd 5}g .
cfl:ts— lagf /fhfsf 8fFs", rf]/ cflb b'i6 dg'io :jo+ kmf+;L r9\b}gg\, g t sf/fuf/df
hfG5g\, lsGt' /fhfn] pgLx¿sf] sd{sf] kmn lbG5 . To;/L g} O{Zj/sf] Gofo Joj:yfsf] lagf
sd{x¿sf] kmn s;}n] klg ef]Ug ;Sb}g, o;}n] O{Zj/ GofofwLz x'g cfjZos 5 .
 gfl:ts— hut\df Ps O{Zj/ 5}g, lsGt' cg]s d'Qm hLj O{Zj/¿k 5g\ .
cfl:ts— of] eÌ' Joy{ 5 . lsgeg] hf] k|yd a4 eP/ d'Qm x'G5 eg] t k'gM cjZo aGwdf
kg]{5, h:t} ls ltd|f tLy{Í/ . / hf] ;bf d'Qm x'G5, Tof] slxNo} aGwdf lub}{g . k]ml/ ha y'k|} x'G5g\
eg] t, h;/L hLj cg]s x'gfn] n8\b5g\–le8\b5g\, To;/L g} O{Zj/ klg n8\g]5g\–le8\g]5g\ .
gfl:ts— x] d"9 Û hut\sf] stf{ sf]xL 5}g, lsGt' hut\ :jo+l;4 xf] .
cfl:ts— stf{sf] lagf s'g} sd{ / sd{sf] lagf s'g} sfo{ x'g ;Sb}g . o;}n] O{Zj/ hut\sf]
stf{ xf] . olb hut\ :jo+l;4 x'GYof] eg] t, ltd|f] v]tsf] uxF' :jo+ lkl;P/, /f]6L ag]/, ltdL 5]p
cfP/, d'vdf 3';]/, k]6df k'Uof] eg] dfq lagf O{Zj/sf] hut\ klg :jo+ aGYof] xf]nf .
gfl:ts— O{Zj/ lj/Qm xf] ls df]lxt < olb lj/Qm xf] eg] t hut\sf] k|k~rdf lsg k¥of] <
olb df]lxt xf] eg] t hut\ agfpg] ;fdYo{ g} 5}g xf]nf .
cfl:ts— k/d]Zj/df j}/fUosf] df]x 36\g ;Sb}g . lsgeg] pm ;j{Jofks, ;jf]{Qd x'gfn]
s;};Fu k[ys\ jf s;};Fu /fu ug{ ;Sb}g . O{Zj/ eGbf pQd jf p;nfO{ ck|fKt s'g} kbfy{ 5}gg\
To;}n] s;}dfly df]x klg x'Fb}g . j}/fUo / df]xsf] x'g' hLjdf 36\b5Ù O{Zj/df xf]Og .
gfl:ts— olb hut\sf] stf{, sd{x¿sf] kmnsf] bftf O{Zj/nfO{ dfGof} eg] t O{Zj/ k|k~rL
eP/ b'MvL x'g hfg]5 .
cfl:ts— b'Mv c1fg / cwdf{r/0faf6 x'g] ub{5 . k/d]Zj/df oL b'j} x'Fb}g . To;}n] O{Zj/
k|k~rL xf]Og . k|k~rL–ck|k~rL hLj x'G5g\ OToflb ljrf/af6 O{Zj/sf] l;l4 x'G5 . hf] s;}n] o;nfO{
dfGb}g, Tof] d"9dt xf] . xf], ltdL cfk"m / cfˆgf tLy{Í/s} ;dfg k/d]Zj/nfO{ klg cfˆgf] c1fgn]
;DemG5f}, ;f] ltd|f] cljBfsf] nLnf xf] . olb cljBflb bf]ifx¿af6 5'6\g rfxG5f} eg] t j]bflb ;To
zf:qx¿sf] cf>o n]n . lsg e|ddf k/L–k/L 7Ss/ vfG5f}+ <
h}gdtsf] O{Zj/v08g ljifodf k|Zgx¿ -!@=(_
ca h}gLx¿ hLjnfO{ cgflb, cgGt dfGb5g\ ;f] 7Ls xf], k/Gt' h'g–h'g lj?4 5, To;–
To;nfO{ b]vfP/ v08g ul/g]5 . 5M b|Jox¿df Ps hLjb|Jo klg h}gLx¿n] dfGb5g\ cyf{t\ hut\df
hLj / chLj b'O{ j6f g} kbfy{ 5g\, t];|f] 5}g . o:tf] pgsf s]jnL cfrfo{ tLy{Í/sf] jrg 5 .
d"n— ;fld c0ffO{ c0fGt], rpuO{ ;+;f/3f]/sfGtf/] .
df]xfO sDdu'?l7O, ljjfuj;p edO hLjf] ..
—k|s/0f/Tgfs/ -efu bf];|f] -@_÷ifi7Lzts÷;"q @_ ..
of] k|s/0f/Tgfs/ gfds u|Gysf] ;DoSTjk|sfz k|s/0fdf uf}td / dxfjL/sf] ;+jfb xf] .
o;sf] ;+If]kaf6 pkof]uL cy{ of] xf] ls of] ;+;f/ cgflb cgGt 5 . g slxNo} o;sf] pTklQ eof] g
t slxn] ljgfz x'G5 cyf{t\ s;}n] agfPsf] hut\ xf]Og . ;f] g} cfl:ts–gfl:tssf] ;+jfbdf— æx]
d"9 Û hut\sf] stf{ sf]xL 5}gÙ g slxn] aGof], g t slxNo} ljgfz x'G5 .Æ
;dLIfs— ca ljrf/ ug'{kb{5 ls hLj cNk / cNk1 xf] . hut\sf] sfo{ / sf/0f h8 xf] .
olb t];|f] cgGt zlQmo'Qm k/dfTdf x'Fb}g eg] t hut\sf] pTkfbfg, wf/0f cflb sd{nfO{ ug{ ;Sb}g .
ca k[lyJoflb e"t / e"uf]nnfO{ klg h}gLx¿ hLjsf] z/L/ dfGb5g\ . lsgeg] sfFrf] df6f] ;hLj xf],
Iff/ df6f] chLj xf], To;}n] p;df jg:klt pd|Fb}g . jfx /] h}gLx¿ Û / wGo x'g\ ltd|f s]jnL tLy{Í/
h;nfO{ kbfy{ ljBfdf Psbd} e|d lyof] . olb k[lyJoflb s'g} Ps hLjsf] z/L/ xf] eg] t h:t} 7"nf–
7"nf ltldlËn df5f] htf rfxG5, pt} hfG5–cfpF5, To:t} k[YjL cflb lsg :j]lR5t rfn rNb}g < s]
dL7f] df6f]df jg:klt pd|g] / Iff/Lo df6f]df gpd|g] < xf] Û of] s'/f t xf] ls dL7f] df6f]sf] jg:klt
cflb Iffl/o df6f]df, Iff/Lo df6f]sf j[If cflb dL7f] df6f]df x'Fb}gg\ xf]nf < lsGt' cfˆgf–cfˆgf
7]ufgdf ;a} x'G5g\ .
h'g ;+of]uaf6 pTkÌ x'G5 Tof] cgflb / cgGt slxNo} x'g ;Sb}g . k]ml/ pTklQ tyf ljgfz
ge}sg sd{ /xFb}g . hut\df hlt kbfy{ pTkÌ x'G5g\ tL ;a} …;+of]uhÚ pTklQ–ljgfzjfnf b]lvG5g\ .
k'gM hut\ pTkÌ / ljgfzjfnf lsg xf]Og < o;}n] ltd|f tLy{Í/x¿nfO{ ;DoUaf]w lyPg . olb
pgnfO{ ;DoU1fg x'GYof] eg] t o:tf] c;Dej s'/f] lsg n]Vy] < h:tf ltd|f u'? 5g\ To:t} ltdL
lzio klg 5f} . ltd|f s'/f ;'Ì]x¿nfO{ kbfy{1fg slxNo} x'g ;Sb}g .
h'g k|ToIf ;+o'Qm kbfy{ b]lvG5 To;sf] pTklQ / ljgfz s;/L dfGb}gf} < cyf{t\ logsf
cfrfo{ jf h}gLx¿nfO{ e"uf]n vuf]n ljBf klg cfpFy]g, g t clxn] of] ljBf logdf 5 .
 k|Zg— hLjsf] cfsf/ z/L/sf] ;b[z x'G5, h;/L 36df hnsf] cfsf/ aGb5 .
pQ/— olb of] s'/f] ;To xf] eg] t xfQLsf] hLj ls/f] / ls/f]sf] hLj xfQLdf c6fpg ;Sb}g .
To;}n] of] s'/f] e'm6f] xf] . of] klg Pp6f d"v{tfsf] s'/f] xf] Û lsgeg] hLj Ps ;"Id kbfy{ xf] h'g ls
Ps k/df0f'df klg /xg ;Sb5 k/Gt' p;sf zlQmx¿ z/L/df k|f0f, lah'nL / gf8L cflbsf] ;fy
;+o'Qm eP/ /xG5, To;}af6 ;a} z/L/sf] jt{dfg hfGb5 . c;n ;Ën] c;n / v/fa ;Ën] v/fa
x'g hfG5 .
lhgbQ ;"l/n] o; k|sf/ eg]—
lhgf] b]jf] u'?M ;Dos\ tŒj1fgf]kb]zsM . 1fgbz{grfl/œof0okju{:o jlQ{gL ..!..
:ofb\ åfbZok|df0f] å] k|ToIfdg'dflk r . lgToflgTofTds+ ;j{+ gj tŒjflg ;Kt jf ..@..
hLjfhLjf} k'0okfk] rf;|jM ;+j/f]˜lk r . aGwf] lgh{/0f+ d'lQm/]iff+ JofVof˜w'gf]Rot] ..#..
r]tgfnIf0ff] hLjM :ofbhLj:tbGosM . ;Tsd{ k'b\unfM k'0o+ kfk+ t:o ljko{oM ..$..
cf;|jM sd{0ff+ aGwf] lgh{/0f+ låof]hgd\ . ci6sd{Ifofg\ df]IffyfGt/efjZr sZrg ..%..
;/hf]x/0ff e}Ife'hf] n'l~rtd"4{hfM . Zj]tfDa/fM IfdfzLnf lgM;+uf h}g;fwjM ..^..
n'l~rtfM lklR5sfx:tfM kfl0fkfqf lbuDa/fM . pmWj{flzgf] u[x] bft'lå{tLof :o'lh{gif{oM ..&..
e'ª\Q]m g s]jnL g :qL df]Ifd]lt lbuDa/M . k|fx'/]iffdo+ e]bf] dxfg\ Zj]tfDa/}M ;x ..*..
—Olt -cfx{tbz{g_ ..
cy{— lhg b]j cyf{t\ tLy{Í/ tŒj 1fgsf pkb]zs, 1fg, bz{g / rl/q oL tLg /Tg ckju{
df]Ifsf] dfu{sf] k|flKtdf :ofb\jfbsf k|ToIf / cg'dfg b'O{ k|df0f, lgTo / clgTo:j¿k ;a} hut\
h}gdtdf gj jf ;ft tŒj x'g\ ..!–@.. Ps hLj, bf];|f] chLj, t];|f] k'0o, rf}yf] kfk, kfFrf}+ cf;|j,
5}6f}+ ;+j/, ;ftf}+ aGw, cf7f}+ lgh{/0f / gjf}+ d'lQmtŒj dfGb5g\ . oL gj tŒjx¿sf] of] JofVof xf] ..#..
hf] r]tg 5 Tof] hLj, hf] h8 5 Tof] chLj, h'g ;Tsd{sf] k'b\un xf] Tof] -k'0o_ sd{ / kfksf]
k'b\un kfk, sd{x¿sf] of]u cf;|j, aGwnfO{ 5f]8fpg' lgh{/ / 1fgfj0fL{ cflb cf7 sd{x¿sf] Ifo
x'g'nfO{ d'lQm elgG5 ..$–%..
hut\sf] cgflbTj ;DaGwL ;dLIff Pj+ h}gsf ;fw'x¿sf] nIf0f -!@=!)_
ca h}gLx¿sf ;fw'x¿sf] nIf0f— /ËfOPsf] j:q klxl/g], leIffÌ ef]hg ug]{, lz/ cflbsf]
skfn n'5\g], Ps Zj]tfDa/ z'Snj:q wf/0f ug]{, Ifdfo'Qm, ;Ëbf]ifb]lv /lxt, bf];|f] pv]n]sf] s]z,
rFj/ xftdf /fVg], t];|f] lbuDa/n] j:q wf/0f gug]{, kfl0fkfq xft g} kfq, u[x:ysf] 3/df ef]hgsf]
kZrft\ ef]hg ug]{ / Clif;+1s klg ;fw' x'G5g\ ..^–&.. Pssf] 3/df ef]hg ub}{gg\, :qLsf] ;Ë
ub}gg\, tL lbuDa/ d'lQmnfO{ k|fKt x'G5g\ . oxL lbuDa/ / Zj]tfDa/x¿df e]b xf] cyf{t\ lbuDa/
klxnfsf x'g\ / Zj]tfDa/ kl5af6 ePsf x'g\ ..*..
h}gL— xfd|f wd{ cwd{ klg b|Jo x'g\ .
ljj]sL— wd{, cwd{ u'0f xf], b|Jo slxNo} x'g ;Sb}g . olb wdf{wd{nfO{ b|Jo dfGb5f} eg] t
¿k, :kz{ cflbnfO{ klg b|Jo dfg .
h}gdtdf /x]sf l;4fGt–;+u|xx¿ -!@=!!_
k|Zg— h}gLx¿ hut\ hLj, hLjsf] sd{ / aGw cgflb dfGb5g\ .
pQ/— oxfF klg h}gLx¿sf tLy{Í/n] e'n]sf 5g\ lsgeg] ;+o'Qm hut\sf] sfo{ sf/0f
cgflb¿k / sfo{ k|jfx¿kaf6 cgflb x'g ;Sb5 . h;/L ltdL o; :y"n hut\nfO{ cgflb dfGb5f} ;f]
aÌ ;Sb}g, lsgeg] ;+of]uhGo kbfy{ ;+of]u eGbf k"j{ ;+o'Qmfj:yfdf x'Fb}g, lsGt' ljof]ufj:yfdf
x'G5 . h'g hLjnfO{ cgflbsfn aGw 5, Tof] slxNo} 5'6\g;Sg] 5}g / olb cgflbnfO{ klg 5'6\g dfGof}
eg] t hlt cgflb b|Jo ltd|f dtdf 5g\, tL ;a} clgTo x'g hfg]5g\ . / d'lQm ;a} sd{x¿sf]
5'6\gfn] ltdL dfGb5f} eg] t ;a} sd{x¿sf] 5'6\g]¿k lgldQaf6 d'lQm x'gfn] g}ldlQs eof], h'g
lgldQaf6 x'G5 Tof] ;bf /xFg ;Sb}g . / sd{, stf{sf] lgTo ;DaGw x'gfn] sd{ slxNo} 5'6\g]5}g .
To;}n] ltd|f] dtdf h'g–h'g tLy{Í/ cflb d'lQmdf uPsf 5g\ ltgLx¿ k]ml/ kms]{/ cfpg]5g\ . k'gM
ltd|f dtdf d'lQm clgTo x'g uof] .
k|Zg— h;/L d}nf] nfUgfsf] sf/0fn] j:qdf d}nf] nfUb5 / w'gfn] d}nf] 5'6\b5, k'gM d}nf]
nfUb5, To;} u/L ldYofTjflb x]t'x¿af6 /fuå]ifflbsf] cf>on] hLjnfO{ sd{¿k dn nfUb5 .
 pQ/— olb ldYofTjflb x]t'x¿af6 hLj dnLg x'G5 eg] t, tL lgldQsf] k"j{ hLjnfO{ lgd{n
dfÌ kg]{5 / hxfF lgd{nnfO{ dn nfUof] eg] t clgdf]{IffklQ ltd|f] dtdf cfpg]5 . lsgeg] d'lQmdf
hLjnfO{ ltdLn] lgd{n dfGb5f} / dn nfUgfsf] sf/0fx¿n] dnx¿ nfUg' dfGb5f} eg] t d'Qm hLj
;+;f/L / ;+;f/LhLj d'Qm x'G5, o:tf] cjZo g} dfÌ'kg]{5 .
k|Zg— hLj cgflb sfnb]lv sd{;lxt 5 . sd{ 5'6] kl5 k]ml/ nfUb}gg\ .
pQ/— hf] cgflbb]lv sd{;lxt x'G5, To;sf] 5'6\g c;Dej 5 / lagf 5'6] d'lQm sxfF < o;}n]
hLjx¿sf sd{ / d'lQmnfO{ k|jfx¿kaf6 cgflb dfg . cgflb cgGttfb]lv xf]Og .
k|Zg— hLj lgd{n slxNo} lyPg .
pQ/— olb slxNo} lgd{n lyPg eg] t slxNo} klg lgd{n x'g ;Sg}5}g . h;/L j:qdf
kl5af6 nfu]sf] dn w'gfn] hfG5, k'gM d}nf] nfUb5 . k/Gt' To;sf] Zj]tkg slxNo} 5'6\g ;Sb}g .
k|Zg— hLj k"jf]{kflh{t sd{x¿af6} :jo+ z/L/ wf/0f ub{5 . O{Zj/sf] dfÌ' Joy{ 5 .
pQ/— olb s]jn sd{ g} hGd wf/0f ug{df sf/0f xf] eg] t Tof] hLj g/fd|f] hGd hxfF ls
b'Mv x'G5 To;nfO{ wf/0f gu/f];\, lsGt' /fd|f]–/fd|f] hGd wf/0f u/f];\ . olb eGb5f} ls sd{ k|ltaGws
xf], t/ klg sd{sf] h8 x'gfn] lg/f]ws jf k|jQ{s x'g ;Sb}g . o;}n] sd{sf] kmn k|bftf k/d]Zj/nfO{
dfÌ ltdLn] plrt 5 . olb eGb5f} ls gzfs} ;dfg sd{ :jo+ kl/0ffdnfO{ k|fKt x'G5 eg] t, lagf
ul/Psf] sd{ kl/0ffdnfO{ k|fKt lsg x'Fb}g < olb eGb5f} ls h;sf] h:tf] :jefj x'G5, Tof] To:t} g}
x'g hfG5 eg] t ljifn] lagf vfP lsg s;}nfO{ dfb}{g < lsgeg] To;sf] kl/0ffdL :jefj x'G5 . olb
eGb5f} ls ;+of]usf] lagf sd{–kl/0ffd k|fKt x'Fb}g eg] t hLj / sd{nfO{ ;+o'Qm ug]{jfnf s'g} t];|f]nfO{
dfÌ kg]{5 . olb dfGb}gf} eg] t, h8sf] ;+of]u :jtM x'g ;Sb}g . o;af6 oxL l;4 x'G5 ls lagf
O{Zj/sf] sd{kmn Joj:yf x'g ;Sb}g .
k|Zg— hf] sd{b]lv d'Qm x'G5, To;}nfO{ O{Zj/ elgG5 .
pQ/— ha cgflb sfnb]lv hLjsf] ;fy sd{ nfu]sf] 5 eg] t d'Qm s;/L x'g ;Sb5 < /
h;nfO{ sd{ nfUb5 Tof] O{Zj/ g} xf]Og . / sd{, stf{sf] …;djfoÚ cyf{t\ lgTo ;DaGw x'G5, of]
slxNo} 5'6\b}gÙ To;}n] h:tf] (cf}+ ;d'Nnf;df n]v]/ cfPsf] 5', To;}nfO{ dfÌ 7Ls 5 . hLjn] rfx]
h;/L cfˆgf] 1fg / ;fdYo{ a9fcf];\ t/ klg p;df kl/ldt1fg / ;;Ld ;fdYo{ /xg]5 . O{Zj/sf]
;dfg slxNo} x'g ;Sb}g . xf], hlt ;fdYo{ a9fpg plrt x'G5, Tolt of]uaf6 a9fpg ;Sb5 .
k|Zg— sd{sf] aGw ;flb xf] .
pQ/— olb ;flb xf] eg] t ;+of]usf] cflbb]lv k"j{ hLj lgisd{ lyof] . ha lgisd{nfO{ sd{
nfUof] eg] t hlt ltd|f lgisd{ d'Qm hLj 5g\ ltgLx¿nfO{ klg sd{ nfu]/ ;+;f/df lug]{5g\ .
k|Zg— olb kz'nfO{ df/]/ o1df xf]d ugf{n] kz' :ju{df hfG5 eg] t ohdfgflb :jo+ clUgdf
cfˆgf] z/L/sf] xf]d u/]/ :ju{df lsg hfFb}g <
pQ/— of] s'/f] j]bx¿sf] xf]Og . cyf{t\ kz'nfO{ df/]/ xf]d ug{ cflb ljlw jfddfuL{x¿n]
agfPsf x'g\ . k/Gt' o;nfO{ s'g} klg ;Hhgn] dfGb}g . k/Gt' pg} rf/jfssf dtsf] g} of] s'/f] xf] .
o;}n] h}gLx¿ klg sxL+–sxL+ rf/jfssf] dt;Fu klg ldNb5g\ .
k|Zg— h;/L t"DaLb]lv df6f] yf]/} lgsfNgfn] Tof] dfly cfpF5, To:t} hLjsf] sd{aGwg yf]/} –
yf]/} x'gfn] hLjsf] pmWj{ult eP/ l;4lznfdf hfG5g\ .
pQ/— h}gLx¿n] tn–dflysf s'/fnfO{ udgf¿ksf ;De]msf 5g\, olb ljBf x'GYof] eg] t
o:tf] lgd"{n s'/f] s]sf] nflu dfGy] Û x]/ Û h;nfO{ xfdLn] dfly eGb5f}+, To;}nfO{ To;b]lv k/
ePsfx¿n] To;nfO{ tn eGb5g\ / h;nfO{ xfdLn] tn eGb5f}+, To;}nfO{ To;b]lv tn /xg]x¿n]
To;nfO{ dfly eGb5g\ . o:t} g} cun–aundf /xg]jfnfx¿sf] s'/f] xf] . o;}n] l;4lznf /
lzjk'/nfO{ d'lQmsf] :yfg dfÌ' cljBfsf] s'/f xf] .
k|Zg— xfd|f] dtdf ;fw'x¿nfO{ /fuå]if 5}g .
pQ/— x]/ Û ltd|f] d"n cfjZos ;"qdf s] n]v]sf] 5—
cl/xGt] ;'o/fuf] ;f/L;'j+ eof/L;' —OToflb
cyf{t\ cz'enfO{ 5f]8\gdf å]if, >]i7 / z'e sfdx¿df /fu ug'{ /fd|f] . of] /fuå]if s;}sf]
5'6\b}g . cyf{t\ g/fd|f sfdx¿df å]if / /fd|f sfdx¿df k|Llt ug'{ clt /fd|f] s'/f xf] .
 ca k|s/0f/Tgfs/sf] klxnf] efudf h'g b]jrGb|hL s[t gorqm;f/ 5, p;}sf] s'/f n]Vb5' .
h;nfO{ ;a} h}gLx¿n] dfGb5g\ .
hLjsf] cgGt;Tjsf] ljifodf ;dLIff -!@=!@_
tq b|Joe]bf oyf hLjf cgGtfMÙ tq}sl:dg\ b|Jo] k|ltk|b]z] :j¿k Pssføo{s/0f;fdYo{¿kf
cgGtf cljefu¿kkof{of Pj u'0ff cKogGtf, k|ltu'0f+ k|ltb]z+ kof{of cKogGtfM k|lt j:t"lg
cgGtf:ttf]˜gGtu'0f;fdYo{kof{ofM .. —k|s/0f/Tgfs/ efu ! ..
pQ/— hLj cgGt 5, pgsf 1fg s'g} hLjsf] ;fdYo{ xf]Og, s]jn c8\s]/ kRrf;Lsf] s'/f
xf] . cgGtsf] :yfgdf c;+Vo eGYof] eg] t s'/f] 7Ls lyof] . lsgeg] xfdL hLjx¿n] hLjsf] u0fgf
ug{ ;Sb}gf}+ . ca Ps–Ps b|Jodf cfˆgf–cfˆgf Ps sfo{s/0f ;fdYo{sf] cljefu kof{ox¿af6 cgGt
dfÌ' s]jn cljBfsf] s'/f xf] . lsgeg] ha Ps k/df0f' b|Josf] ;Ldf x'G5 eg] t p;df cgGt
cljefu ¿k kof{o s;/L /xg ;Sb5 . / Ps–Ps b|Jodf cgGt u'0f / Ps–Ps u'0f / k|b]zb]lv
cljefu¿k cgGt kof{onfO{ dfÌ' s]jn afnskgsf] s'/f xf] . / Ps–Ps j:t' kof{o klg cgGt
dfÌ' s]jn cljBfsf] s'/f] xf] . lsgeg] h;sf] clws/0fsf] cGt 5, To;df cgGt slxNo} /xg
;Sb}g . h;/L h}gLx¿ eGb5g\ ls ;fgf] sGbdf cgGt hLj x'G5g\ . ha sGbsf] cGt 5 eg] t
hLjx¿sf] cGt lsg 5}g < hlt ljBfz"Go ldYof s'/fx¿ 5g\ h}gsf u|Gyx¿df g} 5g\, Tolt cGoq
5}g, / hxfF sxL+ 5, To;sf] d"n h}gdfu{ xf] .
h}gdtsf] ;dLIff -!@=!#_
pgLx¿sf Pp6f gjsf/ dGq 5 . To;sf] :j¿k—
gdf] cl/xGtf0f+ gdf] l;4f0f+ gdf] cfol/of0f+ gdf] paHemfof0f+ gdf] nf]P ;Aa;fx"0f+ .
P;f] k+r gd'Ssf/f] ;Jj kfjKk0ff;0ff], d+unfr/0f+ r ;Jj]l;+ k9d+ xjO d+und\ ..
o; dGqsf] cy{ of] xf]—
-gdf] cl/xGtf0f+_ ;a} tLy{Í/x¿nfO{ gd:sf/ . -gdf] l;4f0f+_ h}gdtsf ;a} l;4x¿nfO{
gd:sf/ . -gdf] cfol/of0f+_ h}gdtsf ;a} cfrfo{x¿nfO{ gd:sf/ . -gdf] pjHemfof0f+_ h}gdtsf
;a} pkfWofox¿nfO{ gd:sf/ . -gdf] nf]P ;Aa;fx"0f+_ hlt h}gdtsf ;fw' o; nf]sdf 5g\, tL
;a}nfO{ gd:sf/ 5 .
oBlk dGqdf h}gkb 5}g, tyflk h}gLx¿sf cg]s u|Gyx¿df l;jfo h}gdtsf cGo s;}nfO{
gd:sf/ klg gug{ n]lvPsf] 5 . o;}n] oxL cy{ 7Ls xf] . o;sf] o:tf] dfxfTDo u/]sf 5g\ ls tGq,
k'/f0fnfO{ / ef6x¿sf] syfnfO{ klg dft ul/lbPsf 5g\ . cyf{t\ o; dGqsf] hkn] ;a} kfk gi6 x'g
hfG5g\ . >f4lbgs[To / cfTdlgGbfefjgfdf o;sf] o:tf] kmn n]lvPsf] 5—
gd'Ssf/+ tp k9] ..(..
tp sAa+ . dGtf0fd+tf] k/df] Od'lQ w]of0fw]o+ k/d+ Od'lQ .
tQf0ftQ+ k/d+ kljQ+ . ;+;f/ ;Qf0f b'xfOof0f+ ..!)..
tf0f+ c+g+t' gf] clTy hLjf0f+ ej;fo/] .
a'•+ tf0f+ Od+ d'Q'+ gd'Ssf/+ ;'kf]ood\ ..!!..
sAa+ . c0f]uhDd+ t/;+ lrcf0f+ b'xf0f+ ;f/Ll/cdf0f';f0f' ;f0f+ .
sQf]o eAaf0feljHhgf;f] . g hfjkQf] gjsf/d+tf] ..!@.. —OToflb ..
;a} dGqx¿df of] kljq / k/d dGq xf] . Wo]ox¿sf] dWo]df k/d Wo]o, tŒjx¿df k/d tŒj,
b'Mvaf6 kLl8t ;+;f/L hLjx¿sf nflu of] gjsf/ dGq h:tf] ;d'b|sf] kf/ ptfg{df 8'Fuf x'G5 To;
gf}sfs} ;dfg 5 . ;+;f/df 8'Ag] hLjx¿sf nflu oxL Ps /Ifs xf] . cg]s hGdfGt/, z/L/ / dg
;DaGwL b'Mv eJohLjx¿sf gi6 x'Fb}gg\, ha;Dd gjsf/ dGqsf] u|x0f ub}{gg\ .
clUgk|d'v cf7 dxfeo x'Fb}gg\ . ej;fu/af6 tb{5g\ . h;/L j}b"o{ gfds dl0f u|x0f ug{df
cfpF5 cyjf zq'eodf cdf]3 z:q u|x0f ug{df cfpF5, To;/L g} >'ts]jnLsf] u|x0f ug]{ / ;a}
åfbzfËLsf] gjsf/ dGq /x:o xf] . —->f4lbgs[To k[i7 #, ;"q !#_ ..
h}gdtdf d"lt{k"hfsf] k|df0fx¿ -!@=!$_
;dLIfs— of] ukmf}8f xf]Og t s] xf] < h'g ;+;f/df kfiff0fflb d"lt{k"hf rn]sf] 5, Tof] ;a}
af}4 / h}gLx¿df rn]sf] 5 ls h;n] ;a} hut\nfO{ e|ddf kf/]sf] 5 . x]/ Û >f4lbgs[Tosf] klxnf]
k[i7df n]lvPsf] 5— ;GWof ;dosf] ef]hgdf lhglaDa cyf{t\ pgsf d"lt{x¿nfO{ k"Hg', åf/k"hfdf
7"nf–7"nf av]8f / lgod, dlGb/ agfpg] / k'/fgf] dlGb/sf] dd{t ugf{n] d'lQm x'g hfG5 .
of] aL;f} k[i7df / t]O{;f}+ k[i7df— dlGb/df o; k|sf/n] hfcf];\, uP/ a;f];\, a8f] efj, k|Lltn]
k"hf u/f];\ . ægdf]M lhg]Gb|]EoMÆ OToflb dGqx¿n] :gfgflb u/fcf];\, hn, rGbgflb r9fcf];\ . To;}
u/L /Tg;f/efusf] afx|f}+ k[i7df d"lt{k"hfsf] kmn— k'hf/LnfO{ /fhf / k|hf s;}n] /f]Sg ;Sb}g . t]x|f]+
k[i7df— d"lt{k"hfaf6 /f]u, kL8f, dxfbf]if 5'6]/ hfg]5 . kfFr sf}8Lsf] k"mn r9fP/, p;n] !* b]zsf]
/fh kfof] . To;sf] gfd s'df/kfn lyof], OToflb .
;dLIfs— olb oL s'/fx¿ ;fFrf] x'g\ eg] t h}gLx¿ dWo]af6 /fhf / k|hfsf] b08, /f]u, kL8f
s;n] ef]Ug] < / dxfbf]ifx¿df lsg kml;/fv]sf 5g\ . olb d"lt{k"hfn] ej;fu/af6 kf/ xf]OG5 eg] t
1fg, ;DoUbz{g / rl/qsf] k|flKtdf lsg ug]{ < jfx Û kfFr sf}8Lsf] k"mn r9fpgfn] !* b]zsf] /fh
ldNb5 eg] t ;o ?k}ofFsf] k"mn r9fpgfn] s] ldNb5 xf]nf cyf{t\ a|Xdf08df ;a} nf]s–nf]sfGt/sf]
klg /fhf x'G5 xf]nf < / uf}tdsf] cf}+nf] wf]P/ lkPdf t cd[tsf] kmn kfpF5 . of] afx|f}+ k[i7df
n]lvPsf] 5 . To;f] eP h}gLx¿ uf}tdsf] cf}nf] wf]P/ lkP/ cd/ lsg x'Fb}gg\ <
ca logLx¿sf] d'lQmsf] af/]df yf]/}dfq j0f{g ub{5'—
To;} /Tg;f/ efusf] t]O{;f}+ k[i7df n]lvPsf] 5 ls l;4lznf cyf{t\ h;df l;4k'?if /xG5g\,
Tof] k}+tfnL; nfv of]hg nfdf], uf]nf] / cf7 of]hg rf}8f 5 . Ps s/f]8, c:;L nfv sf]; nfdf] /
uf]nfO{ clg aQL; sf]; rf}8f 5 . of] l;4lznf rf}wf}+ nf]ssf] lzvfdfly 5 .
;dLIfs— of] s'/f] dxfjL/ tLy{Í/sf] d'vsf] xf] / oxL+ lzjk'/sf] klg j0f{g 5 . enf Û of]
s'/f] s'g} a'l4dfg\sf] dgdf cfpg ;Sb5 < olb of] d'lQmsf] :yfg xf] eg] t aGwg x'g hfG5 .
lsgeg] o;sf] dfly / rf/}lt/ cfsfz g} xf]nf . k]ml/ To; wfdaf6 aflx/ hfgdf 8/fpF5g\ xf]nf . /
oltsf nfdf] rf}8f Ps lznf h}gLsf tLy{Í/n] gfk]/ x]/]/ eÌ cfP xf]nfg\ . olb o:t} xf] eg] t
clxn] lsg eÌsf] nflu cfpFb}gg\ < oL h}gLx¿ klg d'lQmljifodf e|dn] km;]sf 5g\ . of] ;fFrf] xf]
ls lagf j]bx¿sf] oyfy{ cy{af]wn] d'lQmsf] :j¿knfO{ slxNo} hfÌ ;Sb}gg\ .
To;} /Tg;f/sf] k[i7 @( df cfa", lu/gf/, zq'~ho, zDd]t lzv/ cflb tLy{ h;n] ub{5g\,
ltgLx¿ wGo x'G5g\ . / sd{sf] Ifo d'lQm ko{Gt dfg]sf 5g\ .
;dLIfs— of] klg a'l4dfgLx¿sf] ;demb]lv ;a} k|sf/n] lj?4 5 . / x]/ Û a8f] kIfkft /
cGwfw'Gw n]v ljj]s;f/sf] %% k[i7df— uËflb tLy{ / sfzL cflb If]qx¿sf] ;]jg ugf{n] s]xL klg
k/dfy{ l;4 x'Fb}g .
;dLIfs— jfx /] h}gLx¿ Û cfˆgf hn, :yn, kfiff0f¿k d"lt{ cflbsf] ;]jfn] ;a} kfk Ifo /
d'lQmko{Gt kmn dfÌ] / bf];|fsf hn, :yn, kfiff0fd"lt{sf] v08g ug]{, of] cfˆgf] d"v{tf, 5n, e'm6,
dtnal;Gw'sf] s'/f] xf]Og eg] t s] xf] < ;fFrf] t of] xf] ls ltdL b'O6} e'm§f xf} . hn, :yn /
kfiff0fflb d"lt{x¿af6 kfkIfo / d'lQm slxNo} x'g ;Sb}g .
of] logLx¿sf] Znf]s xf], hn rGbgflb r9fpgsf] nflu—
hnrGbgw"kg}/ybLkfIfts}lg{j]Bj:q}M .
pkrf/j/}j{o+ lhg]Gb|fg\ ?lr/}/B ohfdx] ..!.. —ljj]s;f/ k[i7 %@ ..
cyf{t\ hn, rGbg, cIftf, k'ik, w"k, bLk, g}j]B, j:q, clt?lrsf/s pQd pkrf/af6
cfgGbk"j{s lhg]Gb|x¿ cyf{t\ tLy{Í/sf d"lt{x¿sf] k"hf ub{5f}+ ..!..
;dLIfs— hlt klg of] k"hfsf] cf8Da/ r]n]sf] 5, tL ;a} h}gLx¿sf 3/af6 rn]sf] xf] . of]
Znf]s ljj]s;f/sf] k[i7 %@ df n]lvPsf] 5 .
h}gdtdf /x]sf c;Dej syfx¿sf] ;dLIff -!@=!%_
k[i7 !#^ ljj]s;f/df bzf0f{sf /fhf rf}aL;f}+ tLy{Í/ dxfjL/sf] bz{gsf] nflu uof] . jxfF
To;n] s]xL cledfg ubf{ t dxfjL/sf] bz{gsf] nflu !^,&&,&@,!^))) olt OGb|sf :j¿k /
!#,#&,)%,&@,*),))))))) olt OGb|f0fL cfPsf lyP . /fhfn] b]v]/ cfZro{df k/] .
;dLIfs— ca ljrf/ ug'{kb{5 ls OGb| / OGb|f0fLx¿ plegsf nflu dfq o:tf–o:tf sof}+
e"uf]n ePdf klg c6fpg ;Sb}gg\ . k/Gt' o;df o:tf] xf]nf ls slt t u|Gyfsf/sf] 3/d} a;]
xf]nfg\ . c¿ slt t logsf r]nfsf] 3/df a;] xf]nfg\ / slt t logsf sfFwdf a;] xf]nfg\ / sltn]
t k'sfl//fv] xf]nfg\ .
 ca logLx¿sf kIfkftsf] s'/fx¿nfO{ x]/ Û cfˆgf tLy{Í/x¿sf] h;n] u[xf>d u/], k'qf]TklQ
u/], ;+;f/ ef]u], kZrft\ ;fw' ag], pgnfO{ dfg ub{5g\ .
/ ljj]s;f/ k[i7 !)# df— >L :y"neb| :jfdLsf] syf .
/Tg;f/efu, k[i7 !!) df— a|Xdf, lji0f', dxfb]j, :qLsf bf; atfPsf 5g\ .
/Tg;f/efu, k[i7 !!! df— s[i0fflb gj jf;'b]j / k|Xnfbflb k|ltjf;'b]j g/sdf uP .
/Tg;f/efu, k[i7 @) df— a|Xdf, lji0f', gf/fo0f cflb ;a} sfdL x'g\, To;}n] lognfO{ 5f]8\g
of]Uo atfOPsf] 5 .
;dLIfs— / h'g Cifeb]j cflbn] ljjfx u/]/ u[xf>d ef]u], tL ToQmJo lsg xf]Ogg\ < olb oL
ToQmJo 5}gg\ eg] t gf/fo0f cflb 7Ls lsg xf]Ogg\ < Cifeb]j ;+;f/b'Mvaf6 tfg{sf] nflu sf7sf]
8'Fufsf] ;dfg tfg]{jfnf / dxfb]j, lji0f' cflb 9'Ëfsf] 8F'ufsf] ;dfg 8'afpg]jfnf x'g\ . enf Û of] e'm6,
kIfkftsf] s'/f] h;/L s'~h/Ln] cfˆgf] cldnf aoF/nfO{ dL7f] atfpF5], To:t} s] of] xf]Og / <
ljj]s;f/ k[i7 @! df— lhg dlGb/df df]x cfpFb}g . ej;fu/b]lv kfl/ tfg]{jfnf x'G5 .
ljj]s;f/ k[i7 %! / %@ df— d"lt{k"hfaf6 d'lQm x'G5 / h}g dlGb/df hfgfn] ;b\u'0f cfpF5 .
olb hn rGbgflbn] lhg d"lt{x¿sf] k"hf u/]df t g/saf6 5'6]/ :ju{df hfG5 .
ljj]s;f/ k[i7 %% df— lhg dlGb/df Cifeb]j cflb d"lt{x¿nfO{ k"Hgfn] wd{, cy{, sfd /
df]If l;4 x'G5 .
ljj]s;f/ k[i7 ^! df— lhg d"lt{x¿sf] k"hfn] ;a} kfk 5'6]/ hfG5g\ .
ljj]s;f/ k[i7 ^& df— lhg d"lt{x¿sf] k"hf u/]df t hut\sf] Sn]z 5'6]/ hfG5 .
ljj]s;f/ k[i7 *! Dff— >L lhgsf] k"hfn] ;a} kfk 5'6]/ hfG5g\ . OToflb a8f–a8f ljlrq,
c;Dej s'/fx¿sf] ukmf}8f p8fPsf 5g\ . / of] klg ljj]s;f/sf] t];|f] k[i7df n]lvPsf] 5 ls— h;n]
…lhgÚ sf] d"lt{ :yfkgf ub{5g\, tL cfrfo{x¿n] cfˆgf] / cfˆgf s'6'Dasf] nflu cfhLljsf rnfPsf
x'g\, o:tf] v08g klg ub{5g\ .
/ To;} u|Gysf] k[i7 @@% df— lzj, lji0f' cflb d"lt{sf] k"hf ug'{ clt g/fd|f] cyf{t\ g/ssf]
;fwg xf] .
;dLIfs— enf Û logsf 9'Ëf / h}gLx¿sf 9'Ëfdf s]xL e]b xf]nf < olb eGb5f} ls xfd|f
d"lt{x¿ TofuL / zfGt 5g\ . enf Û lognfO{ ;f]Wg'kb{5 ls ltd|f d"lt{ t nfvf}+ ?k}ofFsf] dlGb/df
/xG5 / rGbg k'ikflb r9fpF5g\, o; eGbf t clws TofuL / tk:jL kxf8x¿ x'g\ . / ltd|f d"lt{x¿
gfËf x'gfn] dg'iox¿ dfemdf nHhfsf/s 5 . enf Û pgLx¿n] t cfª 9fs]/ /fv]sf x'G5g\ . To;}
sf/0fn] ltdL b'O6}n] d"lt{k"hfnfO{ 5f]8 . ;a} dtx¿sf d"lt{k"hf Joy{ 5g\ .
ca csf]{ x]g'{xf];\ afnskgsf] s'/f] . ljj]s;f/ k[i7 !)! df— Ps gGbLif]0fn] bz k"j{;Dd
ef]u u/] . Ps d'lg j]Zofsf] 3/df /x]/ ef]u u/], k]ml/ d'lgsf] bLIff lnP/ :ju{df uP . / :y"neb|
d'lgn] klg o:t} sfd u/]/ :ju{df uP .
ljj]s;f/ k[i7 @@* df— Ps k'?ifn] sf]zf gfdjfnL j]ZofnfO{ ef]u u¥of], kZrft\ TofuL ag]/
:ju{df uof] .
ljj]s;f/ k[i7 !)! df— c0f{sd'lg rl/qaf6 r's]/, sof}+ jif{ bQ ;]7sf] 3/df ef]u u¥of],
kZrft\ b]jnf]sdf uof] .
ljj]s;f/ k[i7 !)^ df— >Ls[i0f t];|f] g/sdf uP .
ljj]s;f/ k[i7 !$% df— wGjGtl/ j}B g/sdf uP .
/ x]/ ljlrq nLnf Û ljj]s;f/ k[i7 !)^ df— >Ls[i0fsf] k'q 9090f d'lgnfO{ :ofnn] p7fP/
nu]/ vfOlbof], kZrft\ b]jtf eP . h}gLx¿sf ;a} tLy{Í/ / pgsf u0f tyf lzio / h}gdt:y
dg'io s/f]8f}+ s/f]8 sf]xL lzjk'/, sf]xL l;4lznf, sf]xL b]jnf]s / sf]xL :ju{df uP, k/Gt' >Ls[i0fflb
/ cGo klg cg]s g/sdf uP / hfg]5g\ .
;dLIfs— enf Û ca ljrf/ ug'{xf];\ oL s'/fx¿nfO{ Û s] h}gLx¿sf xftdf dfq} :ju{–g/ssf]
rfaL 5 . logLx¿nfO{ o:tf] dxfe'm6 n]Vbf af]Nbf nfh klg cfPg ls >Ls[i0fflb dxfTdf g/sdf uP
/ logsf /08Lafhn] klg :ju{ / d'lQmnfO{ k|fKt u/] . xfdLn] hfGb5f}+ ls hlt e'm6], dxfd"v{, x7L /
kIfkftL h}gLx¿df lyP / 5g\, o:tf cGox¿df 5}gg\ . enf Û oL h}gLx¿sf Cifeb]jflb tLy{Í/
g/sdf uP, dxfkfkL lyP / ;a} logsf r]nfx¿ klg To:t} lyP / 5g\, o:tf] s;}n] n]vf];\ jf egf];\
t pgLx¿nfO{ slQsf] g/fd|f] nfUg]5 . To:t} c¿sf] nflu klg ;Demg'kb{5 . lsgeg] oL dxfx7L,
b'/fu|xL, d"v{x¿sf] ;Ëtn] l;jfo g/fd|f]b]lv afx]s c¿ s]xL xft nfUg] 5}g . xf] Û hlt h}gLx¿df
pQd hg 5g\, ltgLx¿;Fu ;T;Ëflb ug{df s]xL klg bf]if 5}g .
c¿ klg logsf wd{b]lv pN6f] s'/fx¿ ;'g . ljj]s;f/ k[i7 & df— hf] z'4 lhgjrg
oyfl:yts x'G5, p;}nfO{ ;'u'? cyf{t\ cGonfO{ s'u'? dfGb5g\ .
ljj]s;f/ k[i7 $* df— of]uL, hËd, sfhL, d'Nnf cflb sof}+ hgf c1fgn] tk si6 u/]/
s'ultnfO{ kfpF5g\ . /Tg;f/ efu ! k[i7 !&)–!&! df n]lvPsf] 5 ls gj jf;'b]j cyf{t\ lqk[i7
jf;'b]j, låk[i7 jf;'b]j, :jo+e" jf;'b]j, k'?iff]Qd jf;'b]j, l;+xk'?if jf;'b]j, k'?ifk'08/Ls jf;'b]j, bQ
jf;'b]j, nId0f jf;'b]j / ( >Ls[i0f jf;'b]j oL ;a} P3f/f}+, afx|f}+, rf}wf}+, kGw|f}+, cÝfx|f}, aL;f}+ / afO{;f}+
tLy{Í/x¿sf] ;dodf g/sdf uP . / gj k|ltjf;'b]j cyf{t\ cZju|Lj k|ltjf;'b]j, tf/s k|ltjf;'b]j,
df]bs k|ltjf;'b]j, dw' k|ltjf;'b]j, lgz'De k|ltjf;'b]j, anL k|ltjf;'b]j, k|Xnfb k|ltjf;'b]j, /fj0f
k|ltjf;'b]j / h/f;Gw k|ltjf;'b]j oL ;a} klg g/sdf uP .
ljj]s;f/ k[i7 !%$ df— cb]jf u'/jf] wd]{if' of b]ju'?wd{wLM .
of] >L x]drGb ;"/Ln] n]v]sf x'g\— cyf{t\ a|Xdflb cb]j, h}gb]lv leÌ dfu{sf pkb]z cu'? /
h}gwd{b]lv leÌ ;a} cwd{, logdf b]ju'? wd{a'l4 ug'{ ldYofb[li6, rf}yf] u'0f 7fÌ]jfnf, c;+olt,
clj/lt, /hf]x/0fflb ;fw'j]z /lxt hLjx¿nfO{ ;Dou\ b[li6 eGb5g\ eg] /hf]x/0fflb eujfg\sf] j]z
tyf z'4 wd{nfO{, h}gdfu{sf] pkb]zs ;Dou\ b[li6 lsg eGb5 <
ljj]s;f/ k[i7 !%^ df— lnËwf/L cyf{t\ j]zwf/L dfqsf] klg ;Tsf/ >fjsx¿n] u¿g\ . rfx]
Tof] z'4 rl/qsf] xf];\ jf cz'4 rl/qsf] .
ljj]s;f/ k[i7 !^* df— h}g ;fw' rl/qxLg eP tfklg cGo ;fw'x¿ eGbf >]i7 g} x'G5 .
ljj]s;f/ k[i7 !&! df— >fjsx¿n] h}gsf ;fw'x¿nfO{ wd{/lxt e|i6 b]v]/ klg lg:g]x
x'g'x'Fb}g .
ljj]s;f/ k[i7 !($ df— lhg dtdf l:yt x'g' ;f/, z]if ;a} ;+;f/sf] dt c;f/ .
ljj]s;f/ k[i7 !(^ df— cGo dtsf] clenfiff h}gLx¿n] ug{x'Fb}g . pgLx¿sf] s'/f ;'Ìdf
klg bf]if x'G5 .
ljj]s;f/ k[i7 @!^ df— Pp6f rf]/n] kfFr d'7L /pF n'5]/ rfl/q u|x0f u¥of] . a8f] si6 /
kZrftfk u¥of] . 5}6f}+ dlxgfdf s]jn1fg kfP/ l;4 eof] .
ljj]s;f/ k[i7 @@! df— cGo dtjfnfx¿nfO{ vfg]–lkpg] rLhx¿ klg lbg x'Fb}g .
ljj]s;f/ k[i7 @@! df— != …k/dltsf] :t'ltÚ cyf{t\ pgsf u'0fsLt{g, @= …gd:sf/Ú pgsf]
jGbgf, #= …cfnkgÚ cyf{t\ pgLx¿;Fu yf]/} af]Ng', $= …;+nkgÚ cyf{t\ pgLx¿;Fu k6s–k6s af]Ng',
%= …cÌflbbfgÚ cyf{t\ pgLx¿nfO{ vfg]–lkpg] rLh lbg', ^= …uGwk'ikflbbfgÚ cyf{t\ k/dltsf]
k|ltdfnfO{ k"Hgsf] nflu uGw, k'ik lbg' . oL 5M otgf cyf{t\ oL 5M sd{x¿nfO{ h}gLx¿n] ug{x'Fb}g .
o:t} s'/f logsf ;a} u|Gyx¿df n]lvPsf 5g\ .
;dLIfs— ca a'l4dfgLx¿n] oxfF ljrf/ ug'{kb{5 ls h;/L h}gdtL bf];|f dtsf lj/f]wL
lgGbs, xflgsf/s 5g\, To;/L bf];|f c¿ dtsf 5}gg\ . hxfF x]/, ToxfF, cfˆgf] dtsf] k|z+;f, :t'lt /
bf];|f dtjfnfsf] lgGbfx¿n] logsf u|Gyx¿sf vhfgf el/Psf] 5 . ;fFRr} xf] hf] o:tf] hfn g/r]sf
eP t o:tf ljBflj?4 c1fgLx¿ dtdf km;]/ aGwgdf k/]/ lsg /xFGy] . o;}n] h}gL cflbn] s's'/
cflbnfO{ n8\8' nK;L VjfpF5g\, k/Gt' bf];|f] dtsf] dg'io;Fu k|Llt ug]{jfnf la/n} kfOG5 .
ca x]g'{xf];\ Û logsf ;fw' rfx] s:t} e|i6–gi6 xf];\ t/ klg pQd / bf];|fsf] rflx+ slt g}
>]i7 xf];\ t/ klg s]xL ;Demb}gg\ . oBlk ljj]s;f/ k[i7 @!& df— cg'sDkf cyf{t\ b'MvLx¿sf]
lgisf/0f b'Mv b"/ ug]{ OR5f cyf{t\ s]xL k|of]hg gljrfl/sg dnfO{ :ju{, b]jnf]s jf d'lQm ldNg]5,
o:t} OR5f ug'{ . of] logLx¿sf] egfO{ dfq} xf] jf sf]xL slxNo} h}gdtdf cfu|x x'g]5}g jf s;}sf]
bafjn] ub{5 eg] t, Tof] hfÌ' ls gu/] a/fa/} x'G5 . lsgeg]—
…k|of]hgdgg'lbZo dGbf]˜lk g k|jQ{t]Ú Olt Gofoft\ .

hf] pQd hg x'G5, Tof] o; c;f/ h}gdtdf slxNo} klg /xÌ . [—bofgGb ;/:jtL]
 cyf{t\ k|of]hgsf] lagf s;}sf] klg k|j[lQ x'Fb}g . ljj]s;f/ k[i7 !)* df— n]lvPsf] 5 ls
dy'/fsf] /fhfsf] gd'rL gfds dGqLnfO{ h}gdtLx¿n] cfˆgf] lj/f]wL ;De]m/ df/] / cfnf]o0ff u/]/ z'4
x'g uP . of] klg bof / Ifdfsf] gfzs sd{ xf] . ha cGo dtjfnfx¿dfly k|f0f lng ko{Gt j}/ a'l4
/fVb5g\ eg] t lognfO{ bofn'sf] :yfgdf lx+;s eÌ' g} ;fy{s x'G5 .
h}gdtdf /x]sf] sfn / e"ldsf] kl/df0f -!@=!^_
c¿ klg x]g'{xf];\ logsf ldYof s'/fx¿ Û lhg tLy{Í/x¿nfO{ h}gLx¿n] ;DoU1fgL / k/d]Zj/
dfGb5g\, ltgLx¿sf oL ldYof s'/fx¿sf] gd"gf o; k|sf/ 5g\— /Tg;f/efu ! sf] k[i7 !$% df—
o; u|GynfO{ h}gx¿n] dfGb5g\, / of] ljqmd ;+jt\ !(#^ j}zfv !& ut] agf/; h}g k|efs/ k|];df
gfgsrGb htLn] 5kfP/ k|l;4 u/]sf 5g\, To;sf] k"jf]{Qm k[i7 -Pj+ k[i7 !$^–!$&_ df sfnsf] o;
k|sf/sf] JofVof ul/Psf] 5—
…;doÚ sf] gfd ;"Idsfnsf] gfd xf] . / c;+Voft ;donfO{ …cfjlnÚ eGb5g\ . Ps s/f]8,
;t;ÝL nfv, ;tQ/ xhf/, b'O{ ;o ;f]x| cfjlnx¿sf] Ps …d'x"Q{Ú x'G5 . tL; d'x"Q{x¿sf] Ps …lbj;Ú,
To;/L g} kGw| lbj;sf] Ps …kIfÚ, To;/L g} b'O{ kIfsf] Ps …dlxgfÚ, To;/L g} afx| dlxgfsf] Ps …jif{Ú
x'G5 . ;Q/L nfv s/f]8 / 5kÌ xhf/ s/f]8 jif{x¿sf] Ps …k"j{Ú, c;+Voft k"j{x¿sf] Ps …kNof]kdÚ
sfn x'G5 .
c;+Voft To;nfO{ eGb5g\ ls— Ps rf/ sf];sf] rf}/; / ulx/f] klg rf/ sf];sf] vfN8fdf
h'unLo dfG5]sf] z/L/sf] lgDglnlvt /pFsf] 6'qmfn] eg'{ . cyf{t\ jt{dfg dg'iosf] z/L/sf] /pFx¿
eGbf h'u'nLo dg'iosf] skfn rf/ xhf/ 5ofÌAa] efu ;"Id x'G5 . cyf{t \ h'u'nLo dg'iosf] rf/
xhf/ 5ofÌAa] /pFx¿nfO{ hDdf ubf{ dg'iosf] Pp6f skfn x'G5 . o:t} h'unLo dg'iosf] Ps
skfnsf] Ps cf}+nf] hlQsf] efunfO{ ;ft k6s 6'qmf ug'{, k]ml/ To;nfO{ cf7–cf7 6'qmf kfg]{, ta
@)(&!%@ cyf{t\ aL; nfv, ;GtfÌAa] xhf/, Ps ;o afpÌ Ps skfnsf] tfGb|fsf] olt 6'qmf x'G5g\,
o:tf 6'qmfx¿n] Tof] vfN8f]nfO{ eg'{, To;af6 ;o jif{sf] cGt/df Ps–Ps 6'qmf lgsfNg', ha ;a}
6'qmf lgSnG5 / vfN8f] vfnL x'G5 ta klg Tof] …;+VoftÚ sfn xf] . ha tL Ps–Ps 6'qmfnfO{
c;+Voft 6'qmf kf/]/ tL 6'qmfx¿nfO{ p;} vfN8f]df o:t/L 7f];]/ eg]{ ls To;sf] dflyaf6 rqmjtL{
/fhfsf] ;]gf lx+8f];\ tfklg gblaof];\ . tL 6'qmfnfO{ ;o jif{sf] cGt/df Ps 6'qmf lgsfNg], ha Tof]
vfN8f] l/Qf] x'G5 ta To;sf] gfd …c;+VoftÚ x'G5 . c;+Voft k"j{ k/]df, ta Ps …kNof]kdÚ sfn
x'G5 . of] kNof]kdnfO{ vfN8fsf] b[i6fGtaf6 hfÌ'xf]nf .
ha bz s/f]8f}+ s/f]8 kNof]kd sfn lat]/ hfG5, ta Ps …;fu/f]kdÚ x'G5 . ha bz s/f]8f}+
s/f]8 ;fu/f]kd sfn JotLt x'G5, ta Ps …pT;lk{0fLÚ sfn x'G5 . ha bz s/f]8f}+ s/f]8
pT;lk{0fLsfn JotLt x'G5 ta Ps …cj;lk{0fLÚ sfn x'G5 . Ps pT;lk{0fL / cj;lk{0fL sfn laTb5
ta Ps …sfnrqmÚ x'G5 . ha cgGt sfnrqm laTb5 ta Ps …k'b\unk/fjQ{Ú x'G5 .
ca cgGtsfn s;nfO{ eGb5g\ ls hf] l;4fGt k':tsx¿df gj b[i6fGtaf6 sfnsf] ;+Vof
atfPsf 5g\, To;b]lv pk/fGt …cgGtsfnÚ eGb5g\ . To;/L g} cgGt k'b\unk/fjQ{ sfn hLjn]
e|d0f ub}{ lat]sf] 5 .
;'g efO Û ul0ftljBfjfnfx¿ xf] Û h}gLx¿sf u|Gysf sfn;+Vof ug{ ;Sb5f} ls ;Sb}gf} < /
ltdLn] o;nfO{ ;fFrf] dfÌ ;Sb5f} ls ;Sb}gf} < x]/ Û oL tLy{Í/x¿n] o:tf] ul0ft k9]sf lyP . o:tf–
o:tf t logsf dtdf u'? / lzio 5g\, h;sf] cljBfsf] s'g} kf/fjf/ 5}g . c¿ klg logsf cGw]/
;'g—
/Tg;f/efu ! k[i7 !#$ b]lv lnP/ h]–hlt …a'§faf]nÚ cyf{t\ h}gLx¿sf l;4fGt u|Gy h'g ls
pgsf …tLy{Í/Ú cyf{t\ Cifeb]jb]lv lnP/ dxfjL/ ko{Gt rf}aL; ePsf 5g\, pg}sf jrgx¿sf]
;f/;+u|x xf], o:tf] /Tg;f/efu ! k[i7 !$* df n]lvPsf] 5 ls— k[YjLsfosf hLj df6f] 9'ËflbnfO{
k[YjLsf] e]b hfÌ' . pgdf /xg]jfnf hLjx¿sf] z/L/sf] kl/df0f Ps cf}+nf]sf] c;+Vo efu
;Demg'kb{5, cyf{t\ ctLj ;"Id x'G5, pgsf] cfo'dfg cyf{t\ ltgLx¿ clws eGbf clws @@ xhf/
jif{ ko{Gt hLpF5g\ .
/Tg;f/ k[i7 !$( df— jg:kltsf] Ps z/L/df cgGt hLj x'G5g\, tL ;fwf/0f jg:klt
elgG5 . h'g ls sGbd"nk|d'v / cgGtsfok|d'v x'G5g\, ltgnfO{ ;fwf/0f jg:kltsf hLj eÌ' kb{5 .
ltgsf] cfo'dfg cgGtd'x"Q{ x'G5 k/Gt' oxfF k"jf]{Qm logsf d'x"Q{ ;Demg' kb{5 .
 / Ps z/L/df h'g …Ps]lGb|oÚ cyf{t\ :kz{ OlGb|o logdf x'G5g\ / To;df hLj Pp6f /xG5,
To;nfO{ k|To]s–jg:klt eGb5g\, To;sf] b]xdfg Ps xhf/ of]hg cyf{t\ k'/f0fLx¿sf of]hg $
sf];sf] k/Gt' h}gLx¿sf] of]hg !)))) bz xhf/ sf];x¿sf] x'G5, o:tf rf/ xhf/ sf];sf] z/L/
x'G5, To;sf] cfo'dfg clws eGbf clws bz xhf/ jif{sf] x'G5 .
ca b'O{ OlGb|ojfnf hLj cyf{t\ Ps pgsf] z/L/ / Psd'v h'g zÎ, sf}8L / h'd|f cflb
x'G5g\, logsf b]xdfg clws eGbf clws c8rfnL; sf];sf] :y"n z/L/ x'G5 . / logsf] cfo'dfg
clws eGbf clws afx| jif{sf] x'G5 .
oxfF w]/} e'n]sf] 5 lsgeg] olt 7"nf] z/L/sf] cfo' clws n]Vb5, / c8rfnL; sf];sf] :y"n
h'd|f h}gLx¿sf] z/L/df kb{5 xf]nf / pg}n] b]v] klg xf]nfg\, c¿sf] o:tf] efUo sxfF, hf] olt 7"nf]
h'd|fnfO{ b]Vg] ÛÛÛ
/Tg;f/ efu ! k[i7 !%) df— c¿ klg x]/ cGwfw'Gw Û laR5L, km6Øfª\u|f], vh'/f] / dfvfsf]
Ps of]hgsf] z/L/ x'G5, logsf] cfo'dfg clws eGbf clws 5M dlxgfsf] x'G5 .
x]/ efO Û rf/–rf/ sf];sf] laR5L cGo s;}n] b]v]sf 5}gg\ xf]nf . hf] cf7 dLn;Ddsf]
z/L/jfnf laR5L / dfvf] klg h}gLx¿sf] dtdf x'G5, o:tf laR5L / dfvf] logs} 3/df /xG5g\ xf]nf
/ pgLx¿n] b]v] xf]nfg\ . cGo s;}n] ;+;f/df b]v]sf 5}gg\ xf]nf . slxn]sflx+ o:tf laR5Ln] h}gLnfO{
6f]s]df t To;sf] s] xfnt x'G5 xf]nf <
hnr/ df5f cflbsf] z/L/sf] dfg Ps xhf/ of]hg cyf{t\ !)))) sf];sf] of]hgsf] lx;fan]
!,)),)),))) Ps s/f]8 sf];sf] z/L/ x'G5 / Ps s/f]8 k"j{ jif{x¿sf] logsf] cfo' x'G5 .
To:tf] :y"n hnr/ l;jfo h}gLx¿ afx]s cGo s;}n] b]v]sf 5}gg\ xf]nf . / rt'ikfb xfQL
cflbsf] b]xdfg b'O{ sf];b]lv gj sf]; ko{Gt / cfo'dfg rf}/f;L xhf/ jif{x¿sf] OToflb .
o:tf 7"nf–7"nf z/L/jfnf hLj klg h}gLx¿n] b]v] xf]nfg\ / dfGb5g\, c¿ s'g} a'l4dfg\n]
dfÌ ;Sb}g .
/Tg;f/ efu ! k[i7 !%! df— hnr/ ue{h hLjx¿sf] b]xdfg pTs[i6 Ps xhf/ of]hg
cyf{t\ !,)),)),))) Ps s/f]8 sf];x¿sf], / cfo'dfg Ps s/f]8 k"j{ jif{x¿sf] x'G5 . olt 7"nf
z/L/ / cfo'jfnf hLjx¿nfO{ klg log}sf cfrfo{x¿n] :jKgdf b]v] xf]nfg\ . s] of] dxf e'm6sf] s'/f]
xf]Og ls h;sf] sbflk ;Dej x'g g;sf];\ <
ca ;'Ì'xf];\ e"ldsf] kl/0ffdsf] af/]df . /Tg;f/ efu ! k[i7 !%@ df— o; t];f]{ nf]sdf
c;+Voft åLk / c;+Voft ;d'b| 5g\ . oL c;+Voftsf] k|df0f cyf{t\ h'g ;f9] b'O{ ;fu/f]kd sfndf
hlt ;do x'G5, pltg} åLk tyf ;d'b| hfÌ' . ca o; k[YjLdf Ps …hDa"åLkÚ k|yd ;a} åLkx¿sf]
aLrdf 5 . o;sf] k|df0f Ps nfv of]hg cyf{t\ rf/ nfv sf];sf] 5 / o;sf] rf/}lt/af6 …nj0fÚ
;d'b| 5, To;sf] k|df0f b'O{ nfv of]hgsf] 5 cyf{t\ cf7 nfv sf];sf] . o; hDa"åLksf] rf/}lt/ h'g
…wftsLv08Ú gfdsf] åLk 5, To;sf] rf/ nfv of]hg cyf{t\ ;f]x| nfv sf];sf] k|df0f 5 / o;sf]
k5fl8 …sfnf]blwÚ ;d'b| 5, o;sf] cf7 nfv of]hg cyf{t\ aQL; nfv sf];sf] k|df0f 5 . To;sf]
k5fl8 …k'is/fjQ{Ú åLk 5 . o;sf] k|df0f ;f]x| nfv sf];sf] 5 . o; åLksf] leqkl§sf] efu s]xL
p7]sf] 5 . o; åLksf] cfwf efudf dg'io a:b5g\ / o;sf] pk/fGt c;+Voft åLk ;d'b| 5g\, To;df
lto{u\ of]lgsf hLj /xG5g\ .
/Tg;f/ efu ! k[i7 !%# df— hDa"åLkdf Ps lxdjGt, Ps P]/0ojGt, Ps xl/jif{, Ps
/Dos\, Ps b]js'?, Ps pQ/s'? u/]/ hDdf oL 5M If]q 5g\ .
;dLIfs— ;'g efO Û e"uf]nljBfnfO{ a]:;/L hfÌ]jfnfx¿ xf] Û e"uf]nsf] kl/df0f ug{df ltdLn]
e'Nof} ls h}g Û olb h}gn] e'n]sf x'g\ eg] t ltdLn] pgLx¿nfO{ ;Demfpm, olb ltdLn] e'n]sf xf}
eg]t pgLx¿af6 ;Dem . yf]/}dfq ljrf/ u/]df klg of] lgZro x'G5 ls h}gLx¿sf cfrfo{ / lzion]
e"uf]n, vuf]n / ul0ftljBf slQ klg k9]sf lyPgg\ . olb k9]sf x'Gy] eg] t o:tf] dxf c;Dej
ukmf}8f lsg dfy]{ <
enf o:tf cljåfg\ k'?ifn] hut\nfO{ cst[{s / O{Zj/nfO{ gdfg]df o;df s] cfZro{ x'G5 <
To;}n] h}gLx¿ cfˆgf k':tsnfO{ s'g} ljåfg\ jf cGo dt:ynfO{ lb+b}gg\ . lsgeg] h;nfO{ logLx¿n]
k|dfl0fs tLy{Í/x¿n] agfPsf l;4fGt u|Gy dfGb5g\, pgdf o;} k|sf/sf] cljBfo'Qm s'/fx¿ el/P/
/x]sf] 5, o;}n] x]g{ lb+b}gg\ . olb lbP eg] t kf]n v'Ng] eof] . logsf] lagf hf] sf]xL dg'ion]
clnslt klg a'l4 /fVb5 eg], To;n] sbflk o; ukmfl8WofonfO{ ;To dfÌ ;Sg]5}g .
of] ;a} k|k~r h}gLx¿n] hut\nfO{ cgflb dfÌsf] nflu 78ØfPsf x'g\, k/Gt' of] k"/f e'm6f]
xf] . xf] Û hut\sf] sf/0f cgflb xf], lsgeg] Tof] k/df0f' cflbt¤j¿k cst[{s xf] k/Gt' To;df
lgodk"j{s aÌ / lau|gdf ;fdYo{ s]xL klg 5}g . lsgeg] ha Ps k/df0f' b|Jo s;}sf] gfd xf] /
:jefjb]lv k[ys\–k[ys\–¿k / h8 /xG5, Tof] cfk}m oyfof]Uo aÌ ;Sb}g . To;}n] lognfO{
agfpg]jfnf r]tg cjZo 5 / Tof] agfpg]jfnf 1fg:j¿k xf] . x]/ Û k[YjL ;"of{lb ;a} nf]sx¿nfO{
lgoddf /fVg' cgGt, cgflb, r]tg k/dfTdfsf] sfd xf] . h;df ;+of]u /rgf ljz]if b]lvG5, Tof]
:y"n hut\ cgflb slxNo} x'g ;Sb}g . olb sfo{ hut\nfO{ lgTo dfGb5f} eg] t To;sf] sf/0f sf]xL
x'g]5}g, lsGt' jxL sfo{ sf/0f¿k x'g hfg] 5 . olb o:tf] eGof} eg] t cfˆgf] sfo{ / sf/0f cfk}m
x'gfn] …cGof]˜Gof>oÚ / …cfTdf>oÚ bf]if cfpg]5, h:t} cfˆgf] sfFwdf cfk}m r9\g / cfˆgf] lktf cfk}m
k'q x'g ;Sb}g, To;}n] hut\sf] stf{ cjZo g} dfÌ'kb{5 .
k|Zg— olb O{Zj/nfO{ hut\sf] stf{ dfGb5f} eg] t O{Zj/sf] stf{ sf] xf] <
pQ/— stf{sf] stf{ / sf/0fsf] sf/0f sf]xL klg x'g ;Sb}g . lsgeg] k|yd stf{ / sf/0fsf]
x'gfn] g} sfo{ x'G5 . h;df ;+of]u–ljof]u x'Fb}g, h'g k|yd ;+of]u–ljof]usf] sf/0f xf], To;sf] stf{ jf
sf/0f s'g} k|sf/n] klg x'g ;Sb}g . o;sf] ljz]if JofVof cf7f}+ ;d'Nnf;sf] ;[li6sf] JofVofdf
n]lvPsf] 5, ToxfF x]g'{xf]nf .
h}gdtdf /x]sf] hLj–chLjsf] nIf0fx¿ -!@=!&_
ca …hLjÚ / …chLjÚ oL b'O{ kbfy{x¿sf] ljifodf h}gLx¿sf] lgZro o:tf] 5—
r]tgfnIf0ff] hLjM :ofbhLj:tbGosM . ;Tsd{k'b\unfM k'0o+ kfk+ t:o ljko{oM ..
of] …lhgbQ;"l/Ú sf] jrg xf] . / oxL k|s/0f/Tgfs/sf] klxnf] efu gorqm;f/df n]lvPsf] 5
ls— r]tgfnIf0f …hLjÚ / r]tgf/lxt …chLjÚ cyf{t\ h8 x'g\ . ;Tsd{¿k k'b\unn] k'0o / kfksd{¿k
k'b\unn] kfk u/fpF5g\ .
;dLIfs— hLj / h8sf] nIf0f t 7Ls xf] k/Gt' h'g h8¿k k'b\un x'g\, tL kfkk'0oo'Qm
slxNo} x'g ;Sb}gg . lsgeg] kfk–k'0o ug]{ :jefj r]tgdf x'G5 . x]/ Û oL hlt h8 kbfy{ 5g\, tL
;a} kfk–k'0ob]lv /lxt 5g\ . hLjnfO{ h'g cgflb dfGb5g\, of] t 7Ls xf] k/Gt' p;} cNk / cNk1
hLjnfO{ d'lQm bzfdf ;j{1 dfÌ' e'm6 xf], lsgeg] hf] cNk / cNk1 x'G5, To;sf] ;fdYo{ klg ;bf
;;Ld /xg]5 .
k|Zg— h;/L wfgsf] af]qmf ptfg]{ jf clUgsf] ;+of]u x'g hfgfn] aLh k'gM c+s'l/t x'g ;Sb}g,
o;} k|sf/ d'lQmdf uPsf] hLj k'gM hGdd/0f¿k ;+;f/df cfpFb}g .
pQ/— hLj / sd{sf] ;DaGw af]qmf / aLhsf] ;dfg xf]Og, lsGt' logsf ;djfo ;DaGw
x'G5, o;}n] cgflb sfnb]lv hLj / To;df sd{ / st[{TjzlQmsf] ;DaGw x'G5 . olb To;df sd{ ug]{
zlQmsf] klg cefj dfGof} eg] t ;a} hLj kfiff0fjt\ x'g hfg]5g\ / d'lQmnfO{ ef]Ug] ;fdYo{ klg /xg]
5}g . h;/L cgflb sfnsf] sd{aGwg 5'6]/ hLj d'Qm x'G5 eg] t ltd|f] lgTo d'lQmaf6 klg 5'6]/
aGwgdf kg]{5 . ;fwgx¿af6 l;4 ePsf] kbfy{ lgTo slxNo} x'g ;Sb}g / olb ;fwg–l;4sf] lagf
d'lQm dfGof} eg] t sd{x¿sf] lagf g} aGw k|fKt x'g]5 .
;DoSTjflbsf] nIf0fx¿ -!@=!*_
ca ;DoSTj bz{gflbsf] nIf0fx¿ …cfx{t k|jrg–;+u|xÚ …k/dfud;f/Ú df slyt 5g\ . ;Dos\
>4fg, ;Dos\ bz{g, 1fg / rl/q oL rf/ df]If dfu{sf ;fwg x'g\ . o;sf] JofVof of]ub]jn] u/]sf
5g\ . h'g ¿kn] hLjflb b|Jo cjl:yt 5g\, To;} ¿kn] lhgk|ltkflbt u|Gyfg';f/ ljk/Lt
clelgj]zflb/lxt h'g …>4fÚ cyf{t\ lhgdtdf k|Llt x'G5, ;f] …;Dos\ >4fgÚ / …;Dos\ bz{gÚ xf] .
?lrlh{gf]QmtŒj]if' ;Dos\ >4fgd'Rot] . —cfx{tbz{g ..
lhgf]Qm tŒjx¿df ;Dos\ >4f ug'{kb{5, cyf{t\ cGoq sxL+ klg xf]Og .
oyfjl:yttŒjfgf+ ;+If]kflå:t/]0f jf . of]˜jaf]w:tdqfx'M ;DoU1fg+ dgLlif0fM ..
—cfx{tbz{g ..
h'g k|sf/sf hLjflb tŒjx¿ 5g\, ltgsf] ;+If]k jf lj:tf/n] h] af]w x'G5, To;}nfO{ …;Dou\
1fgÚ a'l4dfg\n] eGb5g\ .
 ;j{yf˜gjBof]ufgf+ TofuZrfl/qd'Rot] . sLlQ{t+ tblx+;flbj|te]b]g k~rwf .
clx+;f;"g[tf:t]oa|Xdrøof{kl/u|xfM .. —cfx{tbz{g ..
;a} k|sf/af6 lgGbgLo cGo dt;DaGwsf] TofunfO{ …rfl/qÚ eGb5g\ / clx+;flb e]bn] kfFr
k|sf/sf] j|t x'G5 . Ps -clx+;f_ cyf{t\ s'g} klg k|f0fLdfqnfO{ gdfg'{ . bf];|f] -;"g[tf_ lk|o jf0fL
af]Ng' . t];|f] -c:t]o_ rf]/L gug'{ . rf}yf] -a|Xdro{_ cyf{t\ pk:y OlGb|osf] ;+odg / kfFrf}+ -ckl/u|x_
;a} j:t'x¿sf] Tofu ug'{ .
o;df w]/} s'/fx¿ /fd|f 5g\, cyf{t\ clx+;f / rf]/L cflb lgGbgLo sd{x¿sf] Tofu /fd|f] s'/f
xf] k/Gt' oL ;a} cGo dtx¿nfO{ lgGbf ug'{ cflb bf]ifx¿n] ;a} /fd|f s'/fx¿ klg bf]ifo'Qm x'g uPsf]
5 . h:tf] k|yd ;"qdf n]lvPsf] 5— …cGo xl/ x/flbsf] wd{ ;+;f/af6 p4f/ ug]{jfnf xf]Og .Ú s] of]
;fgf] lgGbf xf] ls h;sf] u|Gy x]gf{n] g} k"0f{ ljBf / wfld{stf kfOG5, To;nfO{ g/fd|f] eÌ' < / cfˆgf
dxf c;Dej h:tf] ls k"j{df n]v]/ cfPF, To:tf s'/fx¿nfO{ eÌ] cfˆgf tLy{Í/x¿sf] :t'lt ug'{ <
s]jn x7 / d"v{tfsf] s'/f xf] . o:tf] syg ug]{jfnf dg'ionfO{ e|fGt / afna'l4 geg] c¿ s] eÌ] <
o;df oxL ljlbt x'G5 ls logsf cfrfo{ a8f] :jfyL{ lyP, k"0f{ ljåfg\ xf]Ogg\ . lsgeg] olb ;a}sf]
lgGbf ub}{gy] eg] t o:tf] e'm6f] s'/fdf sf]xL km:g] lyPg, g t pgsf] k|of]hg g} l;4 x'GYof] . x]/ Û
of] t l;4 x'G5 ls h}gLx¿sf] dt 8'afpg]jfnf / j]bdt ;a}sf] p4f/ ug]{jfnf xf] .
k|s/0f/Tgfs/ / h}gLx¿sf l;4fGt u|Gyx¿af6 ul/Psf] ;+u|x
k|s/0f/Tgfs/ efu @, kq ^@& df n]lvPsf] 5 ls—
rfx] s]xL ug{ g;s] klg, Ps cx{Gtb]jnfO{ dfÌ' cyf{t\ h}g dtnfO{ g} dfÌ', lsgeg]
h}gLx¿sf jLt/fun] atfPsf wd{, ToxL wd{ tfg]{jfnf xf], c¿ bf];|f] s;}n] tfb}{g . h'g h}gLsf b]j
5g\, pg} b]j x'g\, cGo xl/x/flb s'b]j x'g\ .
;dLIfs— xl/x/flb b]j …;'b]jÚ / logsf Cifeb]jflb ;a} …s'b]jÚ c¿n] eg]df t s]
logLx¿nfO{ g/fd|f] nfUb}g .
k|s/0f/Tgfs/ k[i7 ^@) df— lhgdtsf] l;jfo g sf]xL t¥of], g sf]xL ;'Ìdf cfof] / g
cfpg]5 .
[;dLIfs]— jfx Û jfx ÛÛ s] eÌ' ÛÛÛ
k|s/0f/Tgfs/, efu @, ifi7Lzts d"n;"q—
hO g s'0fl; tj r/0f+, g k9l; g u'0f]l; b]l; gf] bf0fd\ .
tf OlQo+ g ;lSsl; h+ b]jf] OSs cl/xGtf] ..@..
cy{— x] dg'io Û h'g t}+n] tk rfl/q ug{ ;Sb}g;\, g ;"q k9\g ;Sb5;\, g k|s/0fflbsf] ljrf/
ug{ ;Sb5;\ / ;'kfqflbnfO{ bfg lbg ;Sb}g;\ eg] klg t}+n] Ps b]jtf cl/xGt g} xfd|f cf/fwgfsf]
of]Uo ;'u'?, ;'wd{ h}g–dtdf >4f /fVg' ;jf]{Qd s'/f / p4f/sf] sf/0f xf] ..@..
;dLIfs— enf, h'g h}gLn] rfl/q ug{ ;Sb}g, k9\g ;Sb}g, g t bfg lbg] ;fdYo{ g} 5 t/
klg …h}g dt ;fFrf] 5Ú, s] olt dfq} eg] klg Tof] pQd x'g hfg]5 < / cGo dtjfnf >]i7 klg
c>]i7 x'g hfG5 <
/] hLj ej b'xfO+, OSs+ lro x/O lh0fdo+ wDd+ .
Oo/f0f+ k/dGtf], ;'x søo] d"9 d'l;cf]l; ..#.. —k|=/=ef=@÷ifi6Lzts ^!÷;"qfÍ # ..
;+If]kdf cy{— /] hLj Û Pp6} lhgdt >LjLt/fueflift wd{ ;+;f/–;DaGwL hGd–h/f–d/0fflb
b'Mvx¿sf] x/0fstf{ xf] . o;} k|sf/ ;'b]j / ;'u'? klg h}g dt–jfnfnfO{ hfÌ' . Ot/ h'g jLt/fu
Cifeb]jb]lv lnP/ dxfjL/ ko{Gt jLt/fu b]jx¿b]lv leÌ cGo xl/, x/, a|Xdflb s'b]j x'g \,
ltgLx¿sf] cfˆgf] sNofy{ h'g hLjn] k"hf ub{5, tL ;a} dg'io 7luPsf x'g\ . o;sf] of] efjfy{ xf]
ls h}gdtsf ;'b]j, ;'u'? tyf ;'wd{nfO{ 5f]8]/ cGo s'b]j, s'u'? tyf s'wd{sf] ;]jgn] s]xL klg
sNof0f x'Fb}g .
;dLIfs— ca ljåfg\x¿n] ljrf/ ug'{kb{5 ls s:tf lgGbfo'Qm logsf wd{sf] k':ts 5g\ .
d"n— cl/x+ b]jf] ;'u'?, ;'4+ wDd+ r k+r gjsf/f] .
wÌf0f+ soR5f0f+, lg/+t/+ j;O lxoolDd ..
—k|s/=efu= @÷ifli6= ^!÷;"q ! ..
 h'g cl/xg\ b]j]Gb|s[t k"hflbsgsf] of]Uo, bf];|f] kbfy{ pQd s'g} 5}g, o:tf h'g b]jx¿sf b]j
zf]efodfg cl/xGt b]j–1fg lqmofjfg\, zf:qx¿sf pkb]i6fÙ z'4 siffodn/lxt ;DoSTj ljgo
bofd"n >Llhgeflift h'g wd{ xf], ToxL g} b'u{ltdf kg{ nfu]sf k|f0fLx¿sf] p4f/ ug]{jfnf xf] / cGo
xl/–x/flbsf] wd{ ;+;f/b]lv p4f/ ug]{jfnf xf]OgÙ / k~r cl/xGtflbs k/d]i7L tT;DaGwL pgsf]
gd:sf/Ù oL rf/ kbfy{ wGo x'g\, cyf{t\ >]i7 x'g\ . cyf{t\ bof, Ifdf, ;DoSTj 1fg, bz{g / rfl/q of]
h}gLx¿sf] wd{ xf] ..
;dLIfs— ha dg'iodfqdfly bof 5}g Tof] bof g Ifdf, 1fgsf] abnf c1fg, bz{g cGw]/ /
rfl/qsf] abnfdf ef]s} dg'{ s'grflx+ /fd|f] s'/f xf] . of] s]jn d"v{x¿nfO{ k|nf]eg lbP/ cfˆgf] dtdf
km;fpg] s'/f] xf], cyf{t\ olb logsf cfrfo{n] o:tf] gn]v]df t pgsf dtdf sf] km:g] / gkm;]df t
logsf] k|of]hg s;/L l;4 x'g] . h}gLx¿sf jLt/fuf]Qm bof, Ifdf, 1fg, bz{g, rfl/q oxL x'g\ .
o;df bofsf] gfz, If'b| hLj / cfˆgf dtjfnfsf] cltl/Qm bf];|f] s;}nfO{ gdfÌ', lgGbf ug'{, ;'v
glbg' bof sxfF < / IfdfzLn x'Gy] eg] t bf];|fsf] lgGbf / cfˆgf] d'vsf] a8fO lsg uy]{ . t];|f] 1fg
h'g ls pgsf hLj, chLjflb gj tŒj 5g\, ltgnfO{ hfÌ' ;f] klg 7Ls–7Ls 5}g . ;Dos\ bz{g
pgsf tLy{Í/x¿nfO{ x'GYof] eg] t xhf/f}+ k|sf/sf c;Dej s'/fx¿ lsg n]Vy] < rfl/q— pkjf;
ug'{, :gfg gug'{ OToflbaf6 klg s] x'g ;Sb5 . o;}n] hxfF olt g} s'/fx¿sf] gfd wd{ dfg]/ udSs
k/]/ k'mNb} lx+8\g' a];demsf] sfd xf] . tfg]{jfnf logsf] wd{ 5}g lsGt' 8'afpg]jfnf cjZo xf] . x]/ Û
xl/, x/flb >]i7 k'?ifx¿nfO{ s'b]j eÌ' / cfˆgf dnLgx¿nfO{ b]j eÌ', cfˆgf dtjfnfsf] lagf
;+;f/df c¿ sf]xL klg t/]gg\ . of] s]jn c;Dej / e'm6f] s'/f xf] .
oBlk bof / Ifdf /fd|f] j:t' xf], tyflk kIfkftdf km:gfn] bof cbof / Ifdf cIfdfdf
ablng hfG5 . o;sf] k|of]hg of] xf] ls s'g} hLjnfO{ b'Mv glbg'Ù of] s'/f] ;j{yf ;Dej x'g ;Sb}g .
lsgeg] b'i6x¿nfO{ b08 lbg' klg bofdf u0fgLo x'G5 . hxfF Ps b'i6nfO{ b08 lbOFb}g eg] t xhf/f}+
dg'ionfO{ b'Mv k|fKt x'G5, o;}n] Tof] bof cbof / Ifdf cIfdf x'g hfG5 . of] t 7Ls xf] ls ;a}
k|f0fLx¿sf] b'Mvgfz / ;'vsf] k|flKtsf] pkfo ug'{nfO{ bof elgG5 . s]jn hn 5fg]/ lkpg', If'b|
hGt'x¿nfO{ arfpg'nfO{ g} bof elgb}g, lsGt' o; k|sf/sf] bof h}gLx¿sf] sygdfq} xf], lsgeg]
To;/L rNb}gg\ . s] dg'ioflbdfly rfx] s'g} klg dtdf lsg gxf];\, bof u/]/ p;sf] cÌkfgflbn]
;Tsf/ ug'{ / bf];|f dtsf ljåfg\x¿sf] dfGo / ;]jf ug'{ bof xf]Og <
c¿ klg logsf cfrfo{ / dfÌ]jfnfx¿sf] e'nnfO{ x]g'{xf];\ .
k|s/0f/Tgfs/, efu @, ifi7Lzts, d"n;"q—
lh0fj/ cf0ff e+u+, pdUu p:;'Q n];b];0fp .
cf0ff e+u] kfj+tf lh0fdo b'Ss/+ wDdd\ ..!!..
—k|s/=efu @÷ifi7L z= ^!÷;"q !! -k[=^#!_ ..
;+If]kdf cy{— h}gsf wd{nfO{ ldYofTjL k|fKt x'g ;Sb}g, lsgeg] a8f] sl7g 5 . h'g k|sf/n]
lhgf1f e+u gxf];\, To;} k|sf/n] ug'{kb{5 . hf] h}g dfu{b]lv pN6f] rNb5, To;sf] gfd pGdfu{, lhg
jrgb]lv pN6f] af]Ng' pT;"q, lhg cf1f/lxt h'g wd{ 5g\, tL ;a} kfkkmn lbg]jfnf 5g\ / tL
;a}nfO{ ldYofTjL eGb5g\ ..!..
;dLIfs— h'g cfˆg} d'vaf6 cfˆgf] k|z+;f / cfˆg} wd{nfO{ 7"nf] eÌ' / c¿sf] lgGbf ug'{ xf],
Tof] d"v{tfsf] s'/f xf] . lsgeg] k|z+;f p;}sf] 7Ls xG5 h;nfO{ c¿ ljåfg\n] ub{5g\ . cfˆgf] d'vaf6
cfˆg} k|z+;f t rf]/n] klg ub{5g\ eg], s] tL k|z+;gLo x'g ;Sb5g\ < o;} k|sf/sf logsf s'/fx¿
5g\ .
ax'u'0fljHemf lgncf], p:;'Q ef;L txflj d'Qjf] .
hx j/dl0fh'Qf] ljx', ljU3 s/f] lj;x/f] nf]P ..!*..
—k|s/=efu @÷ifi7L z= !÷;"q !* -k[= ^#$_ ..
h;/L ljifw/ ;k{df dl0f TofUg of]Ug x'G5, To;/L g} pT;"qefifL, b|JolnËL cyf{t \ cGodfuL{
hf] h}gdtdf 5}g, Tof] rfx] slt g} 7"nf] kl08t lsg gxf];\, To;nfO{ Toflulbg' g} h}gLx¿nfO{ plrt
x'G5 ..!*..
 ;dLIfs— x]/ Û slt 7"nf] d"9tfsf] s'/f 5 ls cfˆgf] dtsf] s:t} g} b'/frf/L xf];\, To;nfO{
dfÌ', cGo dtsf] clt g} >]i7 ljåfg\ lsg gxf];\ To;nfO{ h}gLx¿ slxNo} gdfÌ] . o;eGbf a9L
d"v{tf / kIfkftsf] s'/f s'g x'G5 < s] ;'j0f{nfO{ dn cyjf w'nf]df k¥of] eg] s;}n] TofUg ;Sb5 <
o;} k|sf/sf y'k|} ;"q /Tgf;f/ efu @, ifi7Lztsdf n]v]sf 5g\ . cyf{t\ @( cf}+ ;"qdf—
d"n— cO;o kfljo kfjf, wlDdc kAa];' tf]lj kfj/of .
g rn+lt ;'4 wDdf, wÌf lsljkfj kJj];' ..@(..
—k|s/=efu=@÷ifi7L=;"=@( -k[i7 ^#( k+= @$–@%_ ..
cGo bz{gL s'lnËL cyf{t\ h}gdt lj/f]wL cGodfuL{ cyf{t\ hf] h}gL xf]Og To;sf] klg bz{g
ug{ x'Fb}g ..@(..
;dLIfs— of] s'/f] slt kfd/kgsf] 5 . lsgeg] olb csf{sf] bz{g u/] t logsf] kf]n
v'Ng]5 ..@(..
/ To;}sf] ;QfO{;f}+ ;"qdf—
d"n— gfd+lk t:; c;'x+, h]0f lglbÝfO ldRr kJjfO .
h]l;+ c0f';+ufp, wDdL0flj xf]O{ kfj dO ..@&..
h}g wd{b]lv lj?4 ;a} wd{ dg'ionfO{ kfkL agfpg]jfnf x'g\, To;}n] cGo s;}sf] wd{nfO{
gdfÌ' ..@&..
;dLIfs— o;af6 oxL l;4 x'G5 ls— ;a}nfO{ 8'afpg]jfnf h}g dfu{ xf] . lsgeg] ;a}sf] ;a
k|sf/n] lgGbf ub{5g\ . To;}n] h;n] o:tf] n]v] ltgLx¿ g} dxf cwdL{ lyP . xf] Û olb o:tf] n]Vy]
ls— ;a}sf] ;fFrf] dfÌ] / cfˆgf] e'm6f] s'/f 5f]l8lbg] ta g} wdf{Tdf ulgGy] ..@&..
/ #% cf}+ ;"qdf—
d"n— xf xf u'?c csHe+m, ;fdL g x' clR5 s:; k'Ssl/df] .
sx lh0f jo0f sx ;'u'?, ;fjof sxOo csHe+m ..#%..
;j{1eflift lhg jrg h}gsf ;'u'? sxfF < c¿ sxfF pgLb]lv lj?4 s'u'? cyf{t\ cGo
dfuL{sf eflift / pkb]zs cyf{t\ xfd|f ;a} s'/f /fd|f, cGosf ;a} g/fd|f ..#%..
;dLIfs— xf] Û s+'h/Ln] klg cfˆgf] aoF/nfO{ cldnf elGbg . cyf{t\ cfˆgf] dfu{b]lv leÌ
dfuL{sf] ;]jfdf a8f] csfo{ cyf{t\ kfk uGb5g\ ..#%..
/ x]/ Û k|s/0f/Tgfs/ efu @, d"n ;"q—
;Kkf] OSs+ d/0f+, s'u'? c0f+tfO b]O d/0ffO .
tf] jl/;Kk+ ulxo'+, df s'u'?;]j0f+ e2d\ ..#&..
—k|s/=efu @÷ifi7L z=÷;"q #& -k[= ^$#_ ..
o; ;"qdf n]lvPsf] 5 ls h}gb]lv leÌ s'u'? ;k{ eGbf klg g/fd|f x'G5g\ . ltgnfO{ slxNo}
klg ;]jf k"hf ug'{x'Fb}g . h;n] cGodfuL{sf] ;]jf ub{5 To;nfO{ 7"nf] b'Mv kg]{5 ..#&..
;dLIfs— x]g'{xf];\ Û slt b'/fu|xL 5g\ ls logsf ;b[z s7f]/, e|fGt, lgGbs, d"v{ c¿ dtjfnf
5}gg\ . oL ;a} :jfy{sf s'/f x'g\ ls xfd|f] g} dfGotf xf];\, xfd|f] g} ;]jf xf];\ / xfd|f] g} k|lti7f xf];\,
cGo s;}sf] gxf];\ . ta g} logsf r]nf dxfd"9tfdf km;]sf 5g\ ls sf]xL c;n dxfTdf k'?ifsf]
;]jf, bz{g / ;Ë klg ub}{gg\ . of] logLx¿sf] bf}ef{Uosf] s'/f] xf] . olb ;a} dtjfnfx¿df of]Uo
k'?ifx¿sf] ;]jf ub{y], pgsf dfu{sf] s'/f ;'Gy] / cfˆgf] klg atfpFy] eg] t pgLx¿sf u'0f u|x0f /
cfˆgf] e'nnfO{ 5f]8]/, ;Todfu{nfO{ lrg]/ cfˆgf] dg'io hGdsf] kmn k|fKt ug]{ lyP ..#&..
k|s/0f/Tgfs/ efu @, d"n ;"q—
ls+ el0fdf] ls+ sl/df], tf0f xof;f0f lwÝ b'Ýf0f+ .
h] b+l;pm0f ln+u+, lvj+lt g /olDd d'4 h0fd\ ..$)..
—k|s/=efu @÷ifi7L z=÷;"q $) -k[= ^$%_ ..
;+If]kdf cy{— cGo dfuL{sf s'u'? d'lgsf] j]if wf/0f u/]/ dfG5]x¿sf nflu o:tf x'g\ ls
h:tf] cGwf] l;+xsf] cfFvf vf]Ng hfFbf pN6f] l;+xn] g} cfxf/f agfOlbG5 . To:t} cGo dfuL{ s'u'?x¿sf]
pksf/ ug'{ cfˆgf] gfz ug'{ xf] . To;}n] pgLx¿sf] pksf/ slxNo} ug{ x'Fb}g ..$)..
 ;dLIfs— h:tf] h}gLx¿n] ljrfb{5g\, To:t} cGo dtjfnfn] klg ljrf/]df t h}gLx¿sf] slt
b'b{zf x'G5 xf]nf < / pgLx¿nfO{ s'g} k|sf/sf] pksf/ gu/] t pgLx¿sf] slt sfdx¿ gi6 eP/
b'Mv x'G5, To:t} cGosf] nflu lsg h}gLx¿n] ljrfb}{gg\ < ..$)..
k|s/0f/Tgfs/ efu @, d"n;"q—
hx hx t'§x wDdf], hx hx b'Ýf0f xf]O cO pbp .
;dlblÝ lhof0f+, tx tx pNn;O ;dQ+ ..$@..
—k|s/=efu @÷ifi7L z=÷;"q $@ -k[= ^$^_ ..
;+If]kdf cy{— h;}–h;} cGo bz{gL, lqb08L, kl/j|fhs tyf ljk|flbs b'i6x¿sf] clt pbo
x'G5, t;}–t;} h}gwd{sf] ;Dos\ b[li6 hLjx¿sf] ;DoSTj ljz]if k|sflzt x'G5 ..$@..
;dLIfs— of] a8f] cfZro{ 5 cyf{t\ h}gsf ;fw' klg cfk;df n8]/ db{5g\ . ca x]/ Û oL
h}gx¿ eGbf clws O{iof{å]ifo'Qm, lgGbs c¿ bf];|f] sf] xf]nf < / å]if g} kfksf] d"n xf], o;}n]
h}gLx¿df kfkfrf/ lsg gxf];\ < ..$@..
k|s/0f/Tgfs/, efu @, zts ^), d"n;"q—
;+uf]lj hf0f clxp, t]l;+ wDdfOh] ks'JjlGt .
d'Q"0f rf]/;+u+, s/lGt t] rf]l/o+ kfjf ..&%..
—k|s/=efu @÷ifi7L z=÷;"q &% -k[= ^^!_ ..
o;sf] d'Vo cfzo olt g} xf] ls h;/L d"9hg rf]/sf] ;Ëaf6 gfl;sf 5]bflb b08n] eo
dfGb}gg\, To:t} h}g leÌ rf]/ wd{x¿df l:yt hg eo dfGb}gg\ ..&%..
;dLIfs— oxfF olt g} jStJo 5 ls hf] :jo+ rf]/ wd{jfnf 5g\, bf];|fsf] ;fy ctLj O{iof{,
å]if cflb b'i6tfn] o'Qm h:tf] h}gdt 5, To:tf c¿ 5}gg\ ..&%..
hR5 k;'dlx;n/sf, kJj+ xf]d+lt kfj gjdLP .
k"c+lt t+lk ;9\8f, xf xLnf jLo/fo:; ..&^..
—k|s/=efu @÷ifi7L z=÷;"q &^ -k[= ^^!_ ..
;dLIfs— x]/ gjdLsf] gfd kfkgjdL / u0f]z rt'yL{ cflb j|tx¿sf] lgGbf ug'{ / cfˆgf
k~rvf0f cflb j|tx¿nfO{ >]i7 eÌ' d"9k'?ifx¿sf] sfd xf] . s] h}gLx¿sf kh";0f cflb j|tx¿
g/fd|f 5}gg\, h;af6 dxfsi6 x'G5 < oL b'O6}sf e'm6f / h'g ;Toefif0fflb j|t 5g\, tL b'O6}sf
;To ..&^..
k|s/0f/Tgfs/ efu @, zts ^)—
ls+ ;f]lk h0fl0f hfcf] hf0ff] hu0fLO+ ls+ cuf] ljl4+ .
hO+ ldR5/cf] hfcf], u'0f];' tx dR5/+ jxO ..*!..
—k|s/=efu @÷ifi7L z=÷;"q *! -k[= ^^*_ ..
j];f0f a+lbof0fo, dfx0f 8'+af0f h/sl;/sf0f+ .
eQf e/sÝf0f+, lj/of0f+ h+lt b"/]0f+ ..*@..
—k|s/=efu @÷ifi7L z=÷;"q *@ -k[= ^^$_ ..
x]/ logsf] Gofo Û
;+If]kdf cy{— h}gdt lj/f]wL ;a} ldYofTjL cyf{t\ ldYof wd{jfnf x'g\ . tL lsg hGdg] /
hGd] t a9\g] lsg < cyf{t\ zL3| g} gi6 e}lbP t /fd|f] x'GYof] ..*!..
o;sf] k|of]hg of] xf] ls hf] j]Zof, rf/0f, ef6flbx¿, a|fXd0f, oIf, u0f]zflbs ldYofb[li6 b]jL
cflb b]jtfx¿sf eQm x'G5g\, h;n] lognfO{ dfGb5g\, tL ;a} 8'Ag] / 8'afpg]jfnf x'g\ . h;n] b]j
b]jL cflbnfO{ dfGb5g\ ltgn] b'Mv lbG5g\ . lsgeg] pgLx¿l;t g} tL ;a} j:t' dfUb5g\ / alnbfg
ub{5g\ . jLt/fuLx¿sxfF cfpFb}gg\ ..*@..
;dLIfs— x]/ Û h}gdtsf] bofsf] nx/f], ls cfˆgf] dtb]lv leÌ dg'iosf] hGd x'g' / a9\g'
/fd|f] dfGb}gg\, lsGt' pgsf gfz x'g' g} /fd|f] dfGb5g\ eg] bof / Ifdf sxfF /Xof] . ha cGosf b]j–
b]jLx¿nfO{ dfGb}gg\ eg] t cfˆgf zf;gb]jL cflb lx+;s h;n] yKk8 df/]/ dg'iosf] cfFvf
lgsflnlbO{, To;sf] abnfdf afv«fsf] cfFvf] lgsfn]/ To; dg'ionfO{ nufOlbO{, To;nfO{ lsg
dfGb5g\ < s] of] b'uf{ / sfnLsL ;fgL alxgL xf]Og < ..*!–*@..
/Tg;f/ efu ! sf] k[i7 ^& df x]/ s] n]v]sf] 5— d?tb]jL klysx¿nfO{ 9'Ëfsf] d"lt{ ag]/ ;xfotf
ub{yL . o;nfO{ klg ;fFrf] dfÌ' x'Fb}g .
k|s/0f/Tgfs/, efu @, ifi7Lzts, d"n;"q—
;'4] dUu] hfof, ;'x]0f uR5lQ ;'4 dUu+ld .
h] k'0f cdUuhfof, dUu] uR5lGt t] r'øo+ ..*#..
—k|s/=efu @÷ifi7L z=÷;"q *# -k[= ^^$_ ..
;+If]kdf cy{— h;n] h}gs'ndf hGd lnP/ d'lQm kfpF5 eg] s'g} cfZro{ xf]Og . k/Gt'
h}gleÌ s'ndf hGd]sf ldYofTjL cGodfuL{ d'lQmnfO{ k|fKt ub{5g\ eg] a8f] cfZro{ x'G5 . cyf{t\
d'lQm g} x'Fb}g, / s'dfu{ cyf{t\ h}gleÌ ;Dk|bfodf pTkÌ eP/ cyf{t\ r]nf–;]nf ag]/ ;'dfu{df rn]df
t of] a8f] cfZro{ xf] . lsgeg] hf] pGdfuL{ cyf{t\ h}gleÌ dfu{df 5g\ tL ;a} g/sdf kg]{5g\ .
o:tf] hfg]/ klg h}gdtdf gcfcf];\ ..*#..
;dLIfs— s] h}gs'ndf sf]xL klg b'i6 x'Fb}gg\ / ;a}n] d'lQm k|fKt ug]{5g\ < / cGo s'nx¿df
sf]xL klg >]i7 gx'gfn] d'lQmdf hfg]5}gg\ < slt ax'nfxkgsf] s'/f 5 < o:tf] s'/fnfO{ dxfd"9
dg'iosf] lagf c¿ s;n] dfÌ ;Sb5 < ..*#..
k|s/0f/Tgfs/, efu @, zts ^)—
ltR5o/f0f+ k"cf, ;DdQ u'0ff0fsfl/0fL el0fof .
;fljo ldR5Qo/L, lh0f ;do] b]l;of k"cf ..()..
—k|s/=efu @÷ifi7L z=÷;"q () -k[= ^^&_ ..
;+lIfKtdf cy{— lhg d"lt{x¿sf] k"hf ;f/, o;b]lv leÌ cGo dfuL{x¿sf] d"lt{k"hf c;f/ xf] .
h;n] lhg cf1f kfng ub{5, Tof] tŒj1fgL, / h;n] kfng ub}{g Tof] tŒj1fgL xf]Og ..()..
;dLIfs— jfx Û s] eÌ' ÛÛ ltd|f d"lt{ kfiff0fflb h8 kbfy{x¿sf] xf]Og < h:tf] j}i0fjflbx¿sf]
xf] < To:t} g} ltd|f kfiff0fflbk"hf xf] . h:tf] ltd|f] ldYof xf] To:t} j}i0fjflbx¿sf klg ldYof xf] .
h;/L ltdL h}gL tŒj1fgL aGb5f} / cGonfO{ ctŒj1fgL agfpF5f} . o;}af6 ljlbt x'G5 ls ltd|f
dtdf tŒj1fg 5}g ..()..
k|s/0f/Tgfs/, efu @, zts ^), d"n;"q—
lh0f cf0ffP wDdf], cf0ff/lx cf0f km'8+ cxd'lQ .
Oo d'l0fpm0fo tQ+, lh0f cf0ffP s'0fx' wDd+ ..(@..
—k|s/=efu @÷ifi7L z=÷;"q (@ -k[= ^^*_ ..
;+If]kdf cy{— lhgb]jsf] cf1f, Ifdf, boflb ¿k wd{ xf], cGo ;a} cwd{ xf] ..(@..
;dLIfs— s] h}gdtb]lv leÌ k'?ifn] ;To cf1f u/] To;nfO{ wd{ dfÌ x'Fb}g . xf] Û hf]
h}gdt:y k'?ifsf] d'v–lha|f] 5fnf / xf8sf] xf]Og xf]nf, a]Un}vfnsf] xf8–5fnfn] ag]sf] xf]nf . o;}n]
pg}sf] d'vsf] jrgsf] a9fO{ ug'{ hfÌ' ls efF8x¿sf bfh'sf] s'/f] xf] ..(@..
k|s/0f/Tgfs/, efu @, zts ^), d"n;"q—
jÌ]ld gf/ofplj, h]l;+ b'/sfO ;De/+ tf0fd\ .
eJjf0f h0fO xl/x/, l/l4 ;ld4L lj p¢f];+ ..(%..
Oc/f0f 7Ss'/f0flj, cf0ffe+u]0f xf]O d/0f b'x+ .
ls+ k'0f ltnf]c kx'0ff]+, lhl0f+b b]jfO b]j:; ..(*..
—k|s/=efu @÷ifi7L z=÷;"q (%,(* -k[= ^^(_ ..
;+lIfKtdf cy{— o;sf] d'Vo tfTko{ of] xf] ls h'g xl/ x/flbsf lje"lt 5g\, tL g/ssf x]t'
x'g\, To;nfO{ b]v]/ h}gLx¿sf] z/L/df sfF8f pd|G5g\ . h;/L /fhf1f eË ugf{n] d/0f;Dd b'Mv kfpF5
eg] t lhg]Gb| cf1f eË ugf{n] lsg hGdd/0fsf] g'Mv gkfpg] ..(%, (*..
;dLIfs— x]g'{xf];\ Û h}gLx¿n] csf{sf] pÌlt b]Vg ;Sb}gg\ . b]v]/ leqleq} hNb5g\ cyf{t\
rfxG5g\ xf]nfls of] lje"lt xfdLnfO{ ldnf];\ . ax'wf To:t} Jojxf/ klg ub{5g\ xf]nf . of] kmf]Ss6
/fhfeËsf] b[i6fGtn] d"v{x¿nfO{ eo b]vfP/ d'8fpg] s'/f] xf] . s] e'm6f] s'/f klg /fhfsf] dfÌ] < hlt
klg O{iof{å]ifL 5g\, tL h}gLx¿ eGbf afx]s c¿ sf]xL 5}gg\ xf]nf ..(%, (*..
k|s/0f/Tgfs/, efu @, zts ^), d"n;"q—
hf] b]O ;'4 wDd+, ;f] k/dKkf holDd g x' cÌf] .
 ls+ sKkb\b'd ;l/;f], Oo/ t¿ xf]O sOoflj ..!)!..
—k|s=ef=@÷ifi6L=;"=!)! -k[= ^&@_ ..
;+lIfKtdf cy{— tL d"v{x¿ x'g\ hf] h}gwd{b]lv lj?4 5g\ / hf] lhg]Gb|eflift wdf]{kb]i6f 5g\,
pgLx¿ tLy{Í/s} t'No x'g\ . pgsf] t'No c¿sf sf]xL klg 5}gg\ ..!)!..
;dLIfs— lsg gx'g\ Û olb h}gLx¿ 5f]s/a'l4 x'Fb}gy] eg] t o:tf] s'/f] lsg dfGy] / lsg
uy]{ < h;/L h}gdfu{sf pkb]i6fnfO{ /fd|f] dfGb5f}, To;/L bf];|fsf pkb]i6fnfO{ lsg dfGb}gf} < of] ;a}
ltd|f c1fgsf dfxfTDo x'g\ ..!)!..
k|s/0f/Tgfs/ efu @, zts ^), d"n ;"q—
d"n— h] cd'l0fc u'0fbf]iff t] sxc j'xf0f x+ltd ;R5f .
cxt] ljx'demR5f tf lj; cldcf0f t'NnQ+ ..!)@..
d"n— d"n lhl0fb+ b]jf], tJjo0f+ u'?h0f+ dxf;of0f+ .
;];+ kfkÝf0f+, k/dKkf0f+ r jHh]ld ..!)#.. —k|s=ef=@÷ifi6L=;"=!)@, !)# -k[= ^&!_ ..
;+lIfKtdf cy{— lhg]Gb| b]j, tb'Qm l;4fGt / pkb]i6f u|fXo / ;a} cGo dtsf jrg, l;4fGt
/ pkb]i6fxx¿sf] Tofu ug'{ kb{5 ..!)@, !)#..
;dLIfs— of] ltd|f] x7, kIfkft / cljBfsf] kmn xf] . lsgeg] ltd|f yf]/} s'/f 5f]8]/ afFsL ;a}
s'/f ToStJo 5g\ . hf];Fu yf]/}dfq a'l4 eP klg h}gLx¿sf b]j, l;4fGtu|Gy / pkb]i6fx¿nfO{ x]/]/,
;'g]/, ljrf/ u¥of] eg] tTsfn} lgM;Gb]x 5f]l8lbg]5 ..!)@, !)#..
jo0f] lj ;'u'¿ lh0fjNnx:; s]l;+ g pNn;O ;Dd+ .
cx sx lb0fdl0f t]o+, pn'cf0f+ x/O cGwQ+ ..!)*.. —k|s=ef=@÷ifi6L=;"=!)* -k[= ^&%_ ..
;+lIfKtdf cy{— hlt lhg jrgsf] cg's"n rNb5g\, tL k"hgLo / hf] lj?4 rNb5g\, tL
ck"hgLo 5g\ . h}g u'?x¿nfO{ dfÌ'kg]{ cyf{t\ cGodfuL{x¿sfnfO{ dfÌx'Fb}g ..!)*..
;dLIfs— enf, olb h}gLx¿n] cGo c1fgLx¿nfO{ kz'jt\ r]nf agfP/ gafFw]df t 5'6]/
cfˆgf] d'lQmsf] ;fwg u/]/ hGd ;kmn ug]{5g\ . olb ltdLnfO{ s'g} csf]{n] s'dfuL{, s'u'?, ldYofTjL /
s'kb]i6f eg]df t slt b'Mv nfUnf < To;/L g} ltdL bf];|fsf] b'Mvbfos xf}, o;}n] ltd|f dtdf c;f/
s'/fx¿ y'k|} el/Psf 5g\ ..!)*..
d"n— h] /Hh w0ffO{0f+ sf/0fe"of xj+lt jfjf/f .
t]lj x' cOkfjh'of, wÌf 5•+lt ejeLof ..!!(.. —k|s=ef=@÷ifi6L=;"=!!( -k[= ^&%_ ..
;+lIfKtdf cy{— olb d[To'ko{Gt b'Mv k/] tfklg s[lif–Jofkf/flb sd{ h}gLx¿n] gug]{, lsgeg]
oL sd{ g/sdf n}hfg]jfnf x'g\ ..!!(..
;dLIfs— olb h}gLx¿nfO{ s;}n] ;f]wf];\ ls ltdL Jofkf/flb sd{ lsg ub{5f} < oL
sd{x¿nfO{ lsg 5f]8\b}gf} < / olb 5f]l8lbG5f} eg] t ltd|f] z/L/sf] kfng–kf]if0f klg x'g ;Sg]5}g /
ltd|f egfOdf nfu]/ ;a}n] 5f]l8lbg] xf] eg] t s] ltdLn] 9'Ëf] vfP/ afFRb5f} < o:tf] cTofrf/sf]
pkb]z ug'{ ;j{yf Joy{ 5 . s] u¿g\ lar/f Û ljBf, ;T;Ësf] lagf h] dgdf cfof] ;f] alslbP ..!!(..
d"n— tOof xdf0f cxdf, sf/0f/lxof cgf0fuJj]0f .
h] hk+lt p:;'Q+, t]l;+ lwl4R5 k+l8Rr+ ..!@!.. —k|s=ef=@÷ifi6L=;"=!@! -k[= ^*)_ ..
;+lIfKtdf cy{— hlt h}gfudb]lv lj?4 zf:qnfO{ dfÌ]jfnfx¿ 5g\, tL cwdf˜wd x'g\ . rfx]
s'g} k|of]hg l;4 x'G5 eg] klg h}g dtb]lv lj?4 gaf]Ng], gdfÌ] . rfx] s'g} klg k|of]hg l;4 x'g]
eP klg cGo dtnfO{ Toflulbg' ..!@!..
;dLIfs— ltd|f d"nk"vf{b]lv lnP/ cfh;Dd hlt eP / x'g]5g\, tL lagf bf];|f] dtnfO{
ufnLk|wfg gu/L /x]gg\ / /xg] 5}gg\ klg . enf, hxfF–hxfF h}gLx¿ cfˆgf] k|of]hg l;4 x'g] ePsf]
b]Vb5g\, jxfF r]nfsf klg r]nf aGb5g\ eg] o:tf] ldYof nDaf–rf}8f s'/f xfFSgdf yf]/} klg nfh
nfUb}g, of] a8f] zf]ssf] s'/f 5 ..!@!..
d"n— h+ jL/lh0f:o lhcf], ld/O{ p:;'Q n];b];0fcf] .
;fu/ sf]8fsf]l8+, lx+8O cO eLdej/00f] ..!@@.. —k|s=ef=@÷ifi6L=;"=!@@ -k[= ^*)_ ..
;+lIfKtdf cy{— olb s;}n] eGb5 ls h}g ;fw'x¿df wd{ x'G5, xfd|f] / cGodf klg wd{ 5
eg] t Tof] dg'io s/f]8f}+s/f]8 jif{;Dd g/sdf /x]/ k]ml/ klg gLrdf hGd lnG5 ..!@@..
 ;dLIfs— jfx /] Û jfx ÛÛ ljBfsf zq'x¿ Û ltdLn] oxL ljrf/ u¥of} xf]nf ls xfd|f] ldYof
jrgnfO{ s;}n] v08g gu/f];\, To;}n] of] eoÍ/ jrg n]Vof}, ;f] c;Dej 5 . ca sxfF;Dd
ltdLnfO{ ;Demfpg] . ltdLn] t e'm6, lgGbf / cGo dtx¿l;t j}/–lj/f]w ug{df g} sDd/ s;]/ cfˆgf]
k|of]hg l;4 ug{ df]xgef]us} ;dfg ;De]msf 5f} ..!@@..
d"n— b"/] s/0f+ b"/lDd, ;fx0f+ tx kefj0ff b"/] .
lh0f wDd ;2xf0f+, lk lt/sb'/sfO lgÝjO ..!@&.. —k|s=ef=@÷ifi6L=;"=!@& -k[= ^*@_ ..
;+If]kdf cy{— h'g dg'ion] h}g wd{sf] s]xL klg cg'i7fg ug{ ;s]g t/ klg …h}g wd{ ;fFrf]
xf], c¿sf xf]OgÚ olt dfq} >4f ugf{n] klg b'Mvb]lv tb{5 ..!@&..
;dLIfs— enf Û o; eGbf clws d"v{x¿nfO{ cfˆgf] dthfndf km;fpg] bf];|f] s'grflx+ s'/f]
xf]nf < lsgeg] s]xL sd{ klg ug{ gkg]{ / d'lQm klg x'g], o:tf] e+"b" dt s'grflx+ xf]nf < ..!@&..
d"n— sOof xf]xL lbj;f], hOof ;'u'¿0f kfod"nlDd .
p:;'Q n];lj;nj, /lxcf] lg;'0f];' lh0fwDd+ ..!@*.. —k|s=ef=@÷ifi6L=;"=!@* ..
;+If]kdf cy{— h'g dg'ion] …lhgfudÚ cyf{t\ …h}gx¿sf] zf:qnfO{ dfq} ;'Ì]5', pT;"q cyf{t\
cGo dtsf] u|Gyx¿nfO{ slxNo} ;'Ì]5}gÚ olt OR5fdfqn] klg b'Mv;fu/af6 t/]/ hfG5 ..!@*..
;dLIfs— of] s'/f] klg d"v{x¿nfO{ km;fpgsf] nflu xf] . lsgeg] o; k"jf]{Qm OR5faf6 klg
oxfFsf] b'Mv;fu/af6 klg tb}{g / k"j{hGdsf] klg ;+lrt kfkx¿sf] b'Mv¿kL kmn ef]u] lagf 5'6 \g
;Sb}g . h'g o:tf] e'm§f] ljBflj?4 s'/f gn]v]sf] eP t logsf cljBf¿kL u|Gyx¿nfO{ j]bflb zf:q
b]v]/ ;'g]/ ;Tof˜;To hfg]/ logsf kf]sn u|Gyx¿nfO{ 5f]l8lbGy] . k/Gt' o:t/L s;]/ oL
cljåfg\x¿nfO{ afFw]sf 5g\ ls o; hfnaf6 sf]xL Ps a'l4dfg\ ;T;ËL rfx] 5'6\g ;s]df t ;Dej
5, k/Gt' cGo h8a'l4x¿ 5'6\gnfO{ t clt sl7g 5 ..!@*..
d"n— hXdf h]0flx+ el0fo+, ;'o jjxf/+ lj;f]lxo+ t:; .
hfoO lj;'4 af]xL, lh0fcf0ff /fxuQfcf] ..!#*.. —k|s=ef=@÷ifi6L=;"=!#* -k[= ^*&_ ..
;+lIfKtdf cy{— h;n] lhgfrfo{x¿n] atfPsf ;"q, lg?lQm, j[lQ, efio, r"0fL{ dfGb5g\,
ltgLx¿n] g} z'e Jojxf/ / b'M;x Jojxf/nfO{ ugf{n] rfl/qo'Qm eP/ ;'vnfO{ k|fKt ub{5g\, cGo
dtsf u|Gyx¿ b]Vgfn] xf]Og ..!#*..
;dLIfs— s] cToGt ef]sf] dg{ cflb si6 ;xgnfO{ …rfl/qÚ eGb5g\ < olb ef]s–tLvf{n] dg'{
cflb g} rfl/q xf] eg] t y'k|} dg'io csfn jf h;nfO{ cÌflb ldNb}g, ef]s} db{5g\, ltgLx¿ z'4
eP/ z'e kmnnfO{ k|fKt ug'{kg]{ xf] . ;f] g logLx¿ z'4 x'G5g\ g t ltdL, lsGt' lkQflbsf] k|sf]kn]
/f]uL eP/ ;'vsf] abnf b'Mv k|fKt ub{5g\ . …wd{Ú t Gofofr/0f, a|Xdro{, ;Toefif0fflb xf] /
c;Toefif0f cGofofr/0fflb …kfkÚ xf] . / ;a};Fu k|Lltk"j{s k/f]ksf/fy{ rNg'nfO{ …z'e rl/qÚ eGb5g\,
h}gdt:yx¿sf ef]s–tLvf{df /xg' cflb wd{ xf]Og . oL ;"qflbnfO{ dfÌfn] clnslt ;To / clws
e'm6nfO{ k|fKt u/]/ b'Mv;fu/df 8'Ab5g\ ..!#*..
d"n— h+lrc nf]cf] dÌO, t+lrc dÌ+lt ;on nf]cflj .
h+ dÌO lh0fgfxf], t+lrc dÌ+lt lslj lj/nf ..!$^..
d"n— ;fx+ld cfp clxcf], a+w;'cfO{;' hf0f c0f'/fcf] .
T]l;+ gx' ;DdQ+, ljÌ]o+ ;dogLO{o] ..!$&..
d"n— hO hfl0fl; lh0f gfxf], nf]ofof/f ljk/sP e"cf] .
tf t+ t+ dÌ+tf], sx dÌl; nf]c cfof/+ ..!$*..
d"n— h] dÌ]lj lhl0fb+, k'0ff]lj k0fdlGt Oc/ b]jf0f+ .
ldR5Q ;lÌjfou, uR5f0f+ tf0f sf]ljHhf] ..!$(..
—k|s=ef=@÷ifi6L=;"=!$^, !$&, !$*, !$( -k[= ^(!–^(@_ ..
;+If]kdf cy{— hf] pQd k|f/Awjfg\ dg'io x'G5g\, ltgLx¿n] g} lhg–wd{nfO{ u|x0f ub{5g\ .
cyf{t\ h;n] lhgwd{sf] u|x0f ub}{gg\, ltgLx¿sf k|f/Aw gi6 x'G5g\ ..!$^..
;dLIfs— s] of] s'/f] d"v{tfsf] / e'm6f] xf]Og < s] cGo dtdf >]i7–k|f/AwL / h}g dtdf
gi6–k|f/AwL sf]xL klg 5}gg\ <
/ h'g of] s'/f ls— æ;fwdL{ cyf{t\ h}g wd{jfn] cfk;df Sn]z gug]{ lsGt' k|Lltk"j{s rNg]Æ,
o;af6 of] s'/f l;4 x'G5 ls bf];|f];Fu snx ug{df g/fd|f] h}gx¿n] dfGb}gg\ xf]nf . of] klg logsf]
s'/f co'Qm b]lvG5, lsgeg] ;Hhg k'?if ;Hhgsf] ;fydf k|]d / b'i6nfO{ lzIff lbP/ ;'lzlIft
ub{5g\ ..!$&..
/ h'g of] n]v] ls— æa|fXd0fÚ, …lqb08LÚ, …kl/j|fhsfrfo{Ú cyf{t\ …;+Gof;LÚ / …tfk;flbÚ cyf{t\
…j}/fluÚ cflb ;a} h}gdtsf zq' x'g\ .Æ ca x]g'{xf];\ ls ;a}nfO{ zq'efjn] x]b{5g\ / lgGbf ub{5g\ eg]
h}gLx¿sf bof / Ifdf¿k wd{ sxfF /Xof] < lsgeg] bf];|f]dfly å]if /fVg' bof Ifdfsf] gfz / o;sf]
;dfg csf]{ s'g} bf];|f] lx+;f¿k bf]if 5}g . h:tf å]ifd"lt{x¿ h}gLx¿ x'g\ To:tf c¿df st}
x'G5g\ ..!$*..
Cifeb]jb]lv lnP/ dxfjL/ko{Gt @$ tLy{Í/x¿nfO{ /fuL, å]ifL, ldYofTjL egf}+ / h}gdt
dfÌ]jfnfnfO{ ;lÌkftHj/n] km;]sf dfg]df / pgsf] wd{ g/s / ljifs} ;dfg ;De]mdf t h}gLx¿nfO{
slt g/fd|f] nfUnf < ..!$(..
To;}n] h}gLx¿ lgGbf / k/dtå]if¿k g/sdf 8'a]/ dxfSn]z ef]lu/fv]sf 5g\, o; s'/fnfO{
5f]l8lbPdf t w]/} /fd|f] x'g]5 .
d"n— Puf] cu'¿ Puf] lj ;fjuf] r]O{cfl0f ljjxfl0f .
tR5oh+ lh0fbJj+, k?Kk/+ t+ g ljRrlGt ..!%).. —k|s=ef=@÷ifi6L=;"=!%) -k[= ^(@_ ..
;+If]kdf cy{— ;a} >fjsx¿sf b]j u'? wd{ Ps xf], …r}TojGbgÚ cyf{t\ lhg–k|ltlaDa d"lt{
b]jn / lhg–b|Josf] /Iff / d"lt{sf] k"hf ug'{ wd{ xf] ..!%)..
;dLIfs— ca x]/ Û hlt klg d"lt{k"hfsf] emu8f rn]sf] 5, Tof] ;a} h}gLx¿sf 3/af6 /
kfv08sf] d"n klg h}gdt g} xf] ..!%)..
h}gdtdf d"lt{k"hfsf] k|df0fx¿ -!@=!(_
-ljqmd ;+jt\ !(## df agf/; h}gk|efs/ k|];df d'lb|t_ >f4lbgs[To k[i7 ! df d"lt{k"hfsf]
k|df0f—
gjsf/]0f ljjf]xf] ..!.. c0f';/0f+ ;fjp ..@.. jofO+ Od] ..#..
hf]uf] ..$.. lro jGb0fuf] ..%.. oRr/vf0f+ t' ljlx k'Aa+ ..^.. —OToflb ..
>fjsx¿n] klxnf åf/df gjsf/sf] hk u/]/ hfUg' ..!.. bf];|f] gjsf/ hk] k5fl8 æd >fjs
xF"Æ :d/0f ug{' ..@.. t];|f] …c0f'j|tflbsÚ xfd|f slt 5g\ ..#.. rf}yf] åf/sf rf/ ju{df cu|ufdL df]If 5g\,
To;sf] sf/0f 1fgflbs xf] ;f] …of]uÚ, To;sf] ;a} ctLrf/ lgd{n ugf{n] 5M cfjZos sf/0fn] klg
To;nfO{ klg pkrf/af6 of]u elgG5, ;f] of]u eÌ]5' ..$.. kfFrf}+ …r}TojGbgÚ cyf{t\ d"lt{nfO{ gd:sf/
b|Joefj k"hf eÌ]5' ..%.. 5}6f}+ k|TofVofg åf/ gjsf/;Lk|d'v ljlwk"j{s eÌ]5' OToflb ..^..
tŒjljj]s k[i7 !^( df— h'g dg'ion] sf7–9'ËfnfO{ b]ja'l4 u/]/ k"Hb5, To;n] /fd|f] kmn
k|fKt ub{5 .
;dLIfs— olb o:t} xf] eg] ;a}n] bz{g u/]/ ;'v¿k kmnx¿ lsg k|fKt ub}{gg\ <
/Tg;f/ efu ! k[i7 !)df— kfZj{gfysf] d"lt{sf] bz{gn] kfk gi6 eP/ hfG5g\ .
sNkefio k[i7 %!df n]lvPsf] 5 ls— æ;jf nfv dlGb/x¿sf] hL0ff]{4f/ ul/of]Æ OToflb
d"lt{k"hfsf] ljifodf y'k|} n]v 5, o;}af6 ;Demg ;lsG5 ls d"lt{k"hfsf] d"nsf/0f h}gdt g} xf] .
/ sNkefiodf n]lvPsf] 5 ls— æCifeb]jb]lv lnP/ dxfjL/ ko{Gt @$ tLy{Í/ ;a}n]
df]IfnfO{ k|fKt u/] .Æ
h}gdtdf /x]sf] c;Dej syfx¿sf] ;dLIff -!@=@)_
ca c¿ yf]/} logsf c;Dej s'/fx¿ ;'Ì'xf];\—
ljj]s;f/ k[i7 &* df— Ps s/f]8 ;f7L nfv snzx¿n] dxfjL/sf] hGd ;dodf :gfg
u/fP .
>f4lbgs[To cfTdlgGbf efjgf k[i7 #! df n]lvPsf] 5 ls— kFw]/f], s'jf, Ogf/ / kf]v/L
agfpg' x'Fb}g .
;dLIfs— enf, olb ;a} dg'io h}gdtdf x'g hfg] / s'jf, kf]v/L, kFw]/f] cflb s;}n] klg
gagfpg] xf] eg] t dfG5]x¿n] hn sxfFaf6 lkpg] <
k|Zg— kf]v/L cflb agfpgfn] hLj kb{5g\, To;af6 agfpg]jfnfnfO{ kfk nfUb5, o;}n] xfdL
h}gLx¿n] o; sfdnfO{ ub}{gf}+ .
 pQ/— ltd|f] a'l4 lsg gi6 x'g uof] < lsgeg] h;/L ;fgf–;fgf hLjx¿ dgf{n] kfk uGb5f}
eg] t 7"nf–7"nf ufO{ cflb kz' / dg'ioflb k|f0fLx¿n] hn lkpg] cflbaf6 dxfk'0o x'g]5, o;nfO{
lsg uGb}gf} <
tŒjljj]s k[i7 !(^ df— o; gu/Ldf Ps gGbdl0fsf/ ;]7n] kFw]/f] agfof], To;af6 wd{e|i6
eP/ To;nfO{ ;f]x| dxf/f]u nfUof], d/]/ To;} kFw]/fdf Eofu'tf] aGof], dxfjL/sf] bz{gaf6 To;nfO{
hflt:d/0f x'g uof] . dxfjL/ eGb5g\ ls d cfpg] yfxf kfP/ To;n] k"j{ hGdsf] wdf{rfo{ hfGb}
jGbgf cfpg nfUof] . dfu{df >]l0fssf] 3f]8fsf] 6fkn] lslrP/ d/]/ z'e Wofgsf] of]un] bb'{/fÍ gfd
dxl4{s b]jtf eof] . cjlw1fgaf6 dnfO{ oxfF cfPsf] hfg]/ jGbgfk"j{s Cl4 b]vfP/ uof] .
;dLIfs— OToflb ljBflj?4 c;Dej ldYof s'/f eÌ] dxfjL/nfO{ ;jf]{Qd dfÌ' dxfe|flGtsf]
s'/f xf] .
>f4lbgs[To= k[i7 #^ df n]lvPsf] 5 ls— d[tsj:q ;fw'n] n]cf];\ .
;dLIfs— x]g'{xf];\ Û logsf ;fw' klg dxfa|fXd0fsf ;dfg x'g uP . j:q t ;fw'n] lng] k/Gt'
d[tssf] cfe"if0f s;n] lng] < ax'd'No x'gfn] 3/df /fv]xf]nfg\ eg] t ltdL sf] eof} <
/Tg;f/ k[i7 !)% df— e'6\g, lk:g, s'6\g, cÌ ksfpg cflbdf kfk x'G5 .
;dLIfs— ca x]g'{xf];\ logsf] ljBfxLgtf Û enf oL sd{ gu/] t dg'ioflb k|f0fL afFRg] s;/L <
/ h}gLx¿ klg kLl8t eP/ dg]{5g\ .
/Tg;f/ k[i7 !)$ df— au}+rf nufpgfn] dfnLnfO{ Ps nfv kfk nfUb5 .
;dLIfs— olb dfnLnfO{ nIf kfk nfU5 eg] t cg]s hLj, k'ik, kmn / 5fofFn] cfglGbt
eP/ s/f]8f}+ u'0ff k'0o klg x'G5 . o;dfly slQ klg Wofg uPg, of] slt cGw]/ xf] <
tŒjljj]s k[i7 @)@ df— Ps lbg nlAw ;fw' e'n]/ j]Zofsf] 3/df uof] / wd{n] leIff dfUof] .
j]Zofn] egL ls oxfF wd{sf] sfd 5}g, lsGt' cy{sf] sfd 5, ta To; nlAw ;fw'n] ;f9] afx| nfv
czkmL{sf]–jiff{, To;sf] 3/df ul/lbof] .
;dLIfs— o; s'/fnfO{ ;To, lagf gi6a'l4sf] s;n] dfÌ ;Sb5 <
/Tg;f/ efu ! k[i7 ^& df n]lvPsf] 5 ls— Ps kfiff0fsf] d"lt{ 3f]8fdf r9]sf], To;sf] hxfF–
sxL+ :d/0f ubf{, ToxfF pkl:yt eP/ /Iff ub{5 .
;dLIfs— eg h}gL hL Û cfhef]ln ltd|f oxfF rf]/L, 8fFsf cflb / zq'af6 eo x'G5 g} To;f]
eP To;sf] :d/0f u/]/ cfˆgf] /Iff lsg ub}{gf} < lsg hxfF–txfF k'ln; cflb /fh–:yfgdf d/L–d/L
u'xfb{5f} <
sNk;"qefio k[i7 !)* df— s]zjn'~rg ug]{, ufO{sf] /pF t'No /fVg] .
;dLIfs— ca eÌ'xf];\ h}gLx¿ xf] Û ltd|f] bof wd{ sxfF /Xof] < s] of] lx+;f rfx] cfˆgf] xftn]
n'~rg u/f];\, p;sf] u'?n] u/f];\ jf cGo sf]xLn], k/Gt' slt 7"nf] si6 To; hLjnfO{ x'G5 xf]nf <
hLjnfO{ si6 lbg'nfO{ g} lx+;f eGb5g\ .
ljj]s;f/ k[i7 & df— ljqmd ;+jt\ !(## ;fndf Zj]tfDa/x¿af6 9"+l9of / 9"+l9ofx¿af6
t/]xkGyL cflb 9f]+uL lgSn]sf 5g\ . 9"+l9ofx¿n] kfiff0fflb d"lt{nfO{ dfGb}gg\ / logLx¿n] ef]hg
:gfgnfO{ 5f]8]/ ;j{bf d'vdf k§L afFlw/fVb5g\ / htL cflbn] klg ha k':ts jfFRb5g\ ta d'vdf
k§L afFW5g, cGo ;do xf]Og .
k|Zg— d'vk§L cjZo afFWg'kb{5, lsgeg] …jfo'sfoÚ cyf{t\ hf] jfo'df ;"Id z/L/jfn] hLj
/xG5g\, tL d'vsf] afkmsf] pi0ftfn] ubf{ db{5g\ / To;sf] kfk d'vdf k§L gafFWg]nfO{ nfUb5, o;}n]
xfdLx¿ d'vdf k§L afWg' /fd|f] ;DemG5f}+ .
pQ/— of] s'/f] ljBf / k|ToIfflb k|df0fflbsf] /Lltaf6 co'Qm 5 . lsgeg] hLj ch/–cd/
5g\, k]ml/ ltgLx¿ d'vsf] afkmn] slxNo} klg dg{ ;Sb}gg\ . lognfO{ ltdLn] klg ch/–cd/ dfGb5f} .
k|Zg— hLj t db}{g, k/Gt' h'g d'vsf] pi0f jfo'n] pgLx¿nfO{ kL8f k'Ub5, To; kL8f
k'¥ofpg]jfnfnfO{ kfk x'G5, o;}n] d'vdf k§L afFWg' /fd|f] x'G5 .
pQ/— of] klg ltd|f] s'/f ;j{yf c;Dej xf], lsgeg] kL8f lbP lagf s'g} hLjsf] klg
lsl~rt\ klg lgjf{x x'g ;Sb}g . ha d'vsf] jfo'af6 ltd|f] dtdf hLjx¿nfO{ kL8f k'Ub5 eg]
lx+8\8'n ubf{, lkmbf{, a:bf, xft p7fpFbf / g]qflb rnfpFbf klg kL8f cjZo k'Ub5 xf]nf, To;}n] ltdL
klg hLjx¿nfO{ kL8f k'¥ofpgaf6 k[ys\ /xg ;Sb}gf} .
 k|Zg— xf], hxfF;Dd aÌ ;Sb5, ToxfF;Dd hLjx¿sf] /Iff ug'{kb{5 / hxfF xfdLn] arfpg
;Sb}gf}+ jxfF czQm 5f}+, lsgeg] ;a} jfo' cflb kbfy{x¿df hLj el/P/ /x]sf 5g\ . olb xfdLn] d'vdf
n'uf afFw]gf} eg] t w]/} hLj dg]{5g\, n'uf afFw]df yf]/} dg]{5g\ .
pQ/— of] ltd|f] syg klg o'lQmz"Go 5, lsgeg] n'uf afFWgfn] hLjx¿nfO{ clws b'Mv x'G5 .
ha s;}n] d'vdf n'uf afFW5 eg] d'vsf] jfo' /f]lsP/ tnlt/af6 jf kfZj{ / df}g ;dodf gfsåf/f
Psq eP/ j]un] jfo' lg:sG5, o;n] ubf{ pi0ftf clws eP/ hLjx¿nfO{ ljz]if kL8f ltd|f]
dtf˜g';f/ k'¥ofpF5 xf]nf .
x]/ Û h;/L 3/ jf sf]7fsf] ;a} ‰ofn–9f]sf aGw u/]/ kbf{ nufOlbof] eg] t To;df pi0ftf
ljz]if x'G5, v'nf /fVbf Tolt x'Fb}g, To;/L g} d'vdf sk8f afFWgfn] pi0ftf clws x'G5 / v'nf x'Fbfdf
Go"g, To:t} ltd|f] dtfg';f/ hLjx¿nfO{ clws b'Mvbfos 5f} . / ha d'v aGw ul/G5 ta gfl;sfsf]
l5b|af6 jfo' /f]lsP/ hDdf x'Fb} j]ul;t lgSnFbf, hLjx¿nfO{ clws wSsf / kL8f ub{5 xf]nf .
x]/ Û h;/L s'g} dg'io cfuf] afNgsf] nflu 9'ª\u|fn] cfuf]nfO{ k'mSbf a9L hf]8 k/]/ cfuf] l56f]
aNb5 eg] d'vn] dfq} k'mSbf xfjf k}mng] x'gfn] em§} aNb}g . To;/L g} d'vdf k§L afFWgfn] gfl;sfaf6
j]u;Fu xfjf lg:sg] x'gfn] hLjnfO{ clws b'Mv x'G5, To;sf/0f d'vk§L afFWg]x¿ wdf{Tdf xf]Ogg\ .
/ d'vdf k§L afFWgfn] cIf/x¿sf] oyf:yfg k|oTgsf] ;fy pRrf/0f klg x'Fb}g . lg/g'gfl;s
cIf/x¿sf] ;fg'gfl;s af]Ngfn] ltdLnfO{ bf]if nfUb5 . tyf d'vk§L afFWgfn] b'u{Gw klg clws x'G5,
lsgeg] z/L/sf] leq b'u{Gw el/Psf] 5 . z/L/af6 hlt jfo' aflx/ lg:sG5, Tof] b'u{Gwo'Qm k|ToIf
x'G5, olb To;nfO{ /f]lslbPdf b'u{Gw klg clws a9\g hfG5 . h;/L aGw kfOvfgfdf clws b'u{Gw /
v'nfdf Go"g b'u{Gw x'g] ub{5, To;/L g} d'v–k§L afFWgfn] bGtwfjg, d'vk|Iffng, :gfg, /fd|f];Fu j:q
gwf]Ogfn] ltd|f] z/L/af6 clws b'u{Gw pTkÌ eP/ ;+;f/df w]/} /f]u lg:sg hfgfn] hLjx¿nfO{ hlt
kL8f k'Ub5, Tolt g} ltdLnfO{ clws kfk nfUb5 .
h;/L d]nf cflbdf clws b'u{Gw x'gfn]— …lj;"lrsfÚ cyf{t\ x}hf cflb y'k|} k|sf/sf /f]u pTkÌ
eP/ hLjx¿nfO{ b'Mvbfos x'G5g\, / Go"g b'u{Gw x'gfn] /f]u klg Go"g eP/ hLjx¿nfO{ w]/} b'Mv
x'Fb}g . o;}n] ltdL clws b'u{Gw a9fpgdf clws ck/fwL / olb d'v–k§L gafFWg], bGtwfjg,
d'vk|Iffng, :gfg u/]/ :yfg–j:qnfO{ z'4 /fVb5g\, tL w]/} c;n x'g\ .
h;/L cGTohx¿sf] b'u{Gwsf] ;xjf;n] lgd{n a'l4 x'Fb}g, To:t} ltdL / ltd|f ;ËLx¿sf] a'l4
klg a9\b}g .
h;/L /f]u / a'l4sf] :jNk x'gfn] wdf{˜g'i7fgdf afwf x'G5, To;} u/L g} b'u{Gwo'Qm ltd|f] /
ltd|f ;ËLx¿sf] klg jt{dfg x'G5 xf]nf .
k|Zg—h;/L aGw 3/df hnfPsf] clUgsf] Hjfnf aflx/ lg:s]/ aflx/sf hLjx¿nfO{ b'Mv
k'¥ofpg ;Sb}g, To;/L g} xfdL d'vk§L afFw]/ jfo'nfO{ /f]s]/ aflx/sf hLjx¿nfO{ Go"g b'Mv
k'¥ofpg]jfnf x'G5f}+ . d'vk§L afFWgfn] aflx/sf jfo'sf hLjx¿nfO{ kL8f k'Ub}g, / h;/L ;fd'Ì] cfuf]
aln/x]sf] Hjfnfdf xftn] 5]Sbfdf cfFr sd nfUb5 . / jfo'sf hLj z/L/jfnf x'gfn] pgLx¿nfO{
kL8f cjZo k'Ub5 .
pQ/— of] ltd|f] s'/f] afnskgsf] xf] . k|yd t x]/, hxfF l5b| / leqsf] jfo'sf] of]u aflx/sf]
jfo'sf] ;fy x'Fb}g eg] t jxfF cfuf] aNg g} ;Sb}g . olb o;nfO{ k|ToIf b]Vg rfxG5f} eg] t kfg;df
bLk hnfP/ ;a} l5b| aGw u/]/ x]/ t bLk plQj]n} lgEb5 . h;/L k[YjLdf /xg]jfnf dg'ioflb k|f0fL
aflx/sf jfo'sf] of]usf] lagf afFRg ;Sb}g, To;} u/L clUg klg hNg ;Sb}g . ha Psflt/af6
clUgsf] j]u /f]Sof}+ eg] t csf]{lt/af6 clws j]u;Fu lg:sg]5 / xftn] 5]Sbfdf d'vdf cfFr sd
nfU5, k/Gt' Tof] cfFr xftdf clws nflu/fv]sf] x'G5 . To;}n] ltd|f] s'/f] 7Ls xf]Og .
k|Zg— o;nfO{ ;a}n] hfGb5g\ ls s'g} 7"nf] dg'ion] ;fgf] dg'iosf] sfgdf jf lgs6df eP/
s'/f ub{5 ta d'vdf xftn] 5]s]/ ub{5, o;sf] nflu ls d'vsf] y's p8]/ jf b'u{Gw p;nfO{ gnfuf]; \
/ ha k':ts jfFRb5g\ ta cjZo y's p8]/ lstfadf kb{5 / lau|G5, o;}n] d'vdf k§L afFWg /fd|f]
x'G5 .
pQ/— o;af6 of] l;4 eof] ls hLj/Iffy{ d'vk§L afFWg' Joy{ 5 . / ha sf]xL 7"nf] dfG5];Fu
s'/f ub{5 ta d'vdf xft /fv]/ o;sf/0fn] ub{5 ls p;sf] s'/f bf];|f] dfG5]n] g;'gf]; \ . lsgeg]
ha s;}n] k|l;4 s'/f ub{5, ta s;}n] klg d'vdf xft /fVb}g, o;af6 s] ljlbt x'G5 eg] ls u'Kt
s'/fsf] nflu xf] . bGtwfjgflb gugf{n] ltd|f] d'vflb cjojx¿af6 cToGt b'u{Gw lg:sG5 / ha ltdL
s;}sf] glhsdf uP/ a:b5f} jf sf]xL ltd|f] kf;df cfP/ a:b5 xf]nf, ta lagf b'u{Gwsf] cGo s]
cfpF5 xf]nf < OToflb .
d'vsf] cf8df xft /fVg'sf] k|of]hg cGo w]/} 5g\ . h:t} w]/} dfG5]x¿sf] ;fd'Ì] u'Kt s'/f
ug{sf] nflu xftn] 5]lsPg eg] t bf];|f]lt/ jfo' k}mngfn] s'/f] klg k}mnG5 . ha tL b'O{ PsfGtdf
s'/f ub{5g\ ta d'vdf xft jf ¿dfn o; sf/0fn] nufpFb}gg\ ls ToxfF t];|f] ;'Ì] dfG5] sf]xL x'Fb}g .
olb 7"nfdfly dfq} y's gk/], o;af6 s] ;fgf dfly g} kg]{ t < / To; y'saf6 aRg klg
;Sb}g . lsgeg] xfdL b"/:y s'/f u/f}+ jfo' xfdLlt/af6 x'Fb} bf];|f]lt/ hfFb}/x]5 eg] t ;"Id eP/
p;sf] z/L/df jfo'sf] ;fy q;/]0f' cjZo v:b5, To;sf] bf]if uÌ' cljBfsf] s'/f xf] .
lsgeg] olb d'vsf] pi0ftfn] hLj db{5g\ jf pgnfO{ kL8f x'G5 eg] t, j}zfv jf Ho]i7
dlxgfdf ;"o{sf] dxf pi0ftfn] jfo'sfosf] hLjx¿ d/] lagf Pp6f klg aFRg ;Sb}gg\ . ;f] pi0ftfaf6
klg tL hLj dg{ ;Sb}gg\, o;}n] of] ltd|f] l;4fGt e'm6f] 5, lsgeg] olb ltd|f tLy{Í/ klg k"0f{ ljåfg\
x'Gy] eg] t o:tf] Joy{sf] s'/f lsg uy]{ <
x]/ Û kL8f To;} hLjnfO{ k'Ub5, h;sf] j[lQ ;a} cjojx¿sf] ;fydf ljBdfg x'G5, o;df
k|df0f—
k~rfjojof]ufT;'v;+ljlQM .. —of] ;f+Vozf:q ;"q -cflÂs %÷;"q @&_ sf] jrg xf] ..
ha kfFr} OlGb|ox¿sf] kfFr} ljifox¿sf] ;fydf ;DaGw x'G5, ta g} ;'v jf b'Mvsf] k|flKt
hLjnfO{ x'G5 . h;/L alx/f]nfO{ ufnL k|bfg, cGwf]nfO{ ¿k jf cufl8af6 ;k{— Jof3|flb eobfos
hLjx¿sf] cfpg', z"Go alx/f]jfn]nfO{ zAb / :kz{, lkgf;sf] /f]ujfnfnfO{ uGw / z"Go lha|f]jfnfnfO{
/; k|fKt x'g;Sb}g . o;} k|sf/ tL hLjx¿sf] klg Joj:yf 5 .
x]/ Û ha dg'iosf] hLj ;'if'lKt bzfdf /xG5, ta p;nfO{ ;'v jf b'Mvsf] k|flKt s]xL klg
x'Fb}g, lsgeg] Tof] z/L/sf] leq t x'G5, k/Gt' To;sf] aflx/sf cjojx¿sf] ;fydf To; ;do
;DaGw g/xgfn] ;'v–b'Mvsf] k|flKt ug{ ;Sb}g .
/ h;/L cfhsfnsf 8fS6/x¿ gzfsf] j:t' VjfP/ jf ;'F3fP/ /f]uL k'?ifsf] z/L/sf]
cjojnfO{ sf6\b5g\ jf lrb{5g\, /f]uLnfO{ TolQ j]nf s]xL klg ljlbt x'Fb}g, To:t} jfo'sfo cyjf
cGo :yfj/ z/L/jfnf hLjx¿nfO{ ;'v jf b'Mv k|fKt slxNo} x'g ;Sb}g .
h;/L d"l5{t k|f0fL ;'v–b'MvnfO{ k|fKt x'g ;Sb}g, To;} u/L jfo'sfoflbsf hLjx¿ klg cToGt
d"l5{t x'gfn] ;'v–b'MvnfO{ k|fKt x'g ;Sb}gg\ . k]ml/ lognfO{ kL8faf6 arfpg] s'/f l;4 s;/L x'g
;Sb5 < ha ltgLx¿nfO{ ;'v–b'Mvsf] k|flKt g} k|ToIf x'Fb}g eg] t cg'dfgflb oxfF s;/L o'Qm
x'g;Sb5g\ <
k|Zg— ha ltgLx¿ hLj x'g\ eg] t ltgLx¿nfO{ ;'v–b'Mv lsg x'Fb}g xf]nf <
pQ/— ;'g ef]n] efOx¿ Û ha ltdL ;'if'lKtdf x'G5f} ta ltdLnfO{ ;'v–b'Mv k|fKt lsg x'Fb}g <
;'v–b'Mvsf] k|flKtsf] x]t' k|l;4 ;DaGw 5, clxn] xfdLn] o;sf] pQ/ lbP/ cfof}+ ls gzf ;'F3fP/
8fS6/x¿n] cËnfO{ lr/–kmf/ ug]{ / sf6\g] ub{5g\, h;/L /f]uLnfO{ b'Mv ljlbt x'Fb}g, o;} k|sf/
cltd"l5{t hLjx¿nfO{ ;'v–b'Mv s;/L k|fKt x'g ;Sg] < lsgeg] jxfF k|flKt x'g] ;fwg sf]xL klg
5}g .
k|Zg— x]/ Û ;fukft cyf{t\ hlt xl/of ;fu, kft / sGbd"n 5g\, ltgnfO{ xfdLn] vfFb}gf}+,
lsgeg] ;fukftdf w]/} / sGbd"ndf cgGt hLj x'G5g\ . olb xfdLn] ltgnfO{ vfof}+ eg] t
hLjx¿nfO{ dfg]{ / kL8f k'¥ofpgfn] xfdLx¿ kfkL x'G5f}+ .
pQ/— of] ltd|f] a8f] cljBfsf] s'/f] xf], lsgeg] xl/t ;funfO{ vfFbfdf hLjx¿ dg]{,
pgLx¿nfO{ kL8f k'Ug' cflb s] sf/0fn] dfGb5f} < enf, ha ltdLnfO{ kL8f k|fKt ePsf] k|ToIf
b]lv+b}g, / olb b]V5f} eg] t xfdLnfO{ klg b]vfpm . ltdLn] slxNo} klg k|ToIf b]Vg jf xfdLnfO{
b]vfpg ;Sg] 5}gf} . ha k|ToIf 5}g t cg'dfg, pkdfg / zAbk|df0f klg slxNo} 36\g ;Sb}g .
k]ml/ h'g xfdLn] dfly pQ/ lbP/ cfof}+ Tof] o; s'/fsf] klg pQ/ xf] . lsgeg] hf] cToGt
cGwsf/, dxf;'if'lKt / dxfgzfdf hLj x'G5g\, lognfO{ ;'v–b'Mvsf] k|flKt dfÌ' ltd|f tLy{Í/x¿sf]
e'n ljlbt x'G5, h;n] ltdLnfO{ o:tf o'lQm / ljBflj?4 pkb]z lbP . enf Û ha 3/sf] cGt 5 eg]
To;df a:g]x¿ cgGt s;/L x'g ;Sb5g\ < ha sGbsf] cGt xfdLn] b]Vb5f}+ eg] t p;df /xg]
hLjx¿sf] cGt lsg x'Fb}g < o;}n] of] ltd|f] s'/f] a8f] e'nsf] xf] .
k|Zg— x]/ Û ltdLx¿ lagf pi0f u/]/ sfFrf] kfgL lkpF5f}, Tof] a8f] kfk ub{5f} . h;/L xfdLn]
ttfP/ kfgL lkpF5f}, To;/L g} ltdLx¿n] klg lkpg] u/ .
pQ/— of] klg ltd|f] s'/f] e|dhfnsf] 5 . lsgeg] ha ltdL kfgLnfO{ ttfpF5f}, ta kfgLsf
;a} hLj db{5g\ xf]nf / pgsf z/L/ klg hndf 3f]lnP/ kfgLdf ;f]+kmsf] cs{s} t'No x'gfn] hfÌ' ls
pgsf z/L/x¿sf] …t]hfaÚ lkpF5f}, o;df ltdL a8f] kfkL x'G5f} . / h;n] rL;f] kfgL lkpF5g\
ltgLx¿ x'Fb}gg\ . lsgeg] ha rL;f] kfgL lkpg]5f}+ ta pb/df hfgfn] lsl~rt\ pi0ftf kfP/ Zjf;sf]
;fydf hLj klg aflx/ lg:sG5g\ . hnsfo hLjx¿sf] ;'v–b'Mv k|flKt ljifos k"jf]{Qm /Lltn] x'g
;Sb}g, k'gM kfk o;df s;}nfO{ x'Fb}g .
k|Zg— h;/L hf7/flUgsf] pi0ftf kfP/ Zjf;sf] ;fy hLj aflx/ lgSnG5, To;} u/L clUgsf]
pi0ftf kfP/ hnb]lv aflx/ hLj lsg lgSng] 5}g <
pQ/— xf], lg:sg t lg:sG5g\ k/Gt' ha ltdL d'vsf] jfo'sf] pi0ftfn] hLjsf] dg'{ dfGb5f}
eg] t, hn pi0f ugf{n] ltd|f] dtfg';f/ hLj dg]{5g\ jf clws kL8f kfP/ lgSng]5g\ / ltgsf] z/L/
To; hndf 3f]lng hfg]5, o;af6 ltdL clws kfkL x'G5f} ls x'Fb}gf} <
k|Zg— xfdL cfˆgf] xftn] kfgL ttfpFb}gf}+ / g s'g} u[x:ynfO{ hn pi0f ug{sf] nflu cf1f
lbG5f}+, o;}n] xfdLnfO{ kfk 5}g .
pQ/— olb ltdLn] pi0f hn glng], glkpg] xf] eg] t u[x:yn] lsg ttfpFy] < o;}n] Tof]
kfksf] efuL ltdL g} xf}, k|To't clws kfkL xf} . lsgeg] olb ltdLn] s'g} Ps u[x:ynfO{ ttfpgsf]
nflu eGYof] eg] t Ps} 7]ufgdf tfTg] lyof] . ha tL u[x:y o; e|ddf /xG5g\ ls ghfg] ;fw'hL
s;sf] 3/ cfpg]5g\, o;}n] k|To]s u[x:ysf cfˆgf]–cfˆgf] 3/df kfgL ttfP/ /fVb5g\, o;sf] kfksf]
efuL d'Vo u/]/ ltdL g} xf} .
bf];|f]— clws sfi7 / clUg hNg]–hnfpg] ugf{n] klg dfly n]lvPsf k|df0fx¿ efG5f, v]tL /
Jofkf/flbdf clws kfkL / g/sufdL x'G5f} . k]ml/ ha ltdL pi0f u/fpg] d'Vo lgldQ / ltdL pi0f
hn lkpg] / rL;f] kfgL glkpg] pkb]z ugf{n] ltdL g} d'Vo kfksf efuL xf} . / h;n] ltd|f] pkb]z
dfg]/ o:tf] s'/f ub{5g\ . tL klg kfkL x'g\ .
ca x]/ Û ls ltdL a8f] cljBfdf 5f} ls 5}gf} < ls— ;fgf–;fgf hLjx¿dfly bof ug]{ t/
cGo dtjfnfx¿sf] lgGbf ug]{, cg'ksf/ ug]{ s] ;fgf] kfk xf] t < olb ltd|f tLy{Í/x¿sf dt ;fFrf]
x'GYof] eg] t ;[li6df olt jif{, gbLx¿ rNg' / olt hn lsg pTkÌ O{Zj/n] u¥of] < / ;"o{nfO{ klg
pTkÌ ug]{ lyPg, lsgeg] s/f]8f}+ s/f]8 hLj ltd|f] dtf˜g';f/ dl//fVb5g\ xf]nf . ha tL ljBdfg
lyP / ltdL h;nfO{ O{Zj/ dfGb5f}, pgLx¿n] bof u/]/ ;"o{sf] tfk / d]3nfO{ lsg aGw u/]gg\ < /
k"jf]{Qm k|sf/af6 lagf ljBdfg ;fwgx¿n] k|f0fLx¿nfO{ ;'v–b'Mvsf] k|flKt, sGbd"nflb kbfy{x¿df
/xg] hLjx¿nfO{ x'Fb}g .
;j{yf ;a} hLjx¿dfly bof ug'{ klg b'Mvsf] sf/0f x'G5 . lsgeg] olb ltd|f] dtf˜g';f/ ;a}
dg'io x'g hfg], rf]/–8fFs"x¿nfO{ s;}n] klg b08 glbg] xf] eg] t slt 7"nf] kfk 7l8g]5 < o;}n]
b'i6x¿nfO{ oyfjt\ b08 lbg] / >]i7x¿sf] kfng ug{df bof / o;b]lv ljk/Lt ug{df Ifdf¿k wd{sf]
gfz x'G5 .
slt h}gLx¿n] bf]sfg ub{5g\, tL Jojxf/x¿df e'm6 af]Nb5g\, k/fo wg dfb{5g\ /
bLgx¿nfO{ 5Ng] cflb s'sd{ ub{5g\, To;sf] lgjf/0fdf ljz]if pkb]z lsg ub}{gf} < / d'vk§L afFWg]
cflb 9f]+udf lsg /xG5f} < hlt ltdL r]nf–r]nL agfpF5f} ta s]zn'~rg / w]/} lbg;Dd ef]s} /xFgdf
k/fo jf cfˆgf] cfTdfnfO{ kL8f lbP/ csf{nfO{ klg b'Mv lbg] / …cfTdfxTofÚ cyf{t\ cfTdfnfO{ b'Mv
lbg]jfnf eP/ lx+;s lsg aGb5f} < ha xfQL, 3f]8f, uf]?, pFm6dfly r9\g] / dg'ionfO{ dh'/L
u/fpgdf kfk h}gLx¿n] lsg dfGb}gg\ < ha ltd|f r]nf pm6k6fË s'/fx¿nfO{ ;To ug{ ;Sb}gg\ eg]
t ltd|f tLy{Í/ klg ;To ug{ ;Sb}gg\ . ha ltdL syf jfFRb5f}, ta dfu{df >f]tfx¿sf] / ltd|f]
dtfg';f/ hLj db{5g\ g} xf]nf, o;}n] ltdL o; kfksf] d'Vo sf/0f lsg xf]Ogf} <
o; yf]/} sygaf6 w]/} a'lemlng' ls tL hn, :yn, jfo'sf :yfj/ z/L/jfn] cToGt d"l5{t
hLjnfO{ b'Mv jf ;'v slxNo} klg k'Ug ;Sb}g .
 h}gdtsf @$ tLy{Í/x¿sf] JofVof -!@=@!_
ca h}gLx¿sf c¿ klg yf]/} c;Dej syf n]lvG5, ;'Ì'kb{5 . / of] klg Wofgdf /fVg' ls
cfˆgf] xftsf] ;f9] tLg xftsf] Ps wg'if x'G5 / sfnsf] ;+Vof h;/L k"j{df n]v]/ cfOPsf] 5, To;/L
g} ;Demg' .
/Tg;f/ efu !, k[i7 !^^–!^& ;Dd n]lvPsf] 5—
!= Cifeb]jsf] z/L/ %)) kfFr zo wg'if nfdf] / *$))))) -rf}/f;L nfv_ k"j{sf] cfo' .
@= clhtgfysf] $%) wg'if kl/df0fsf] z/L/ / &@))))) -axQ/ nfv_ k"j{ jif{sf] cfo' .
#= ;+ejgfysf] $)) wg'if kl/df0fsf] z/L/ / ^)))))) -;f7L nfv_ k"j{ jif{sf] cfo' .
$= clegGbgsf] #%) wg'if kl/df0fsf] z/L/ / %)))))) -krf; nfv_ k"j{ jif{sf] cfo' .
%= ;'dltgfysf] #)) wg'if kl/df0fsf] z/L/ / $)))))) -rfnL; nfv_ k"j{ jif{sf] cfo' .
^= kßk|esf] !$) wg'ifsf] z/L/ #)))))) -tL; nfv_ k"j{ jif{sf] cfo' .
&= ;'kfZj{gfysf] @)) wg'ifsf] z/L/ / @)))))) -aL; nfv_ k"j{ jif{sf] cfo' .
*= rGb|k|esf] !%) wg'ifsf] z/L/ / !)))))) -bz nfv_ k"j{ jif{sf] cfo' .
(= ;'ljlwgfysf] !)) wg'if kl/df0fsf] z/L/ / @))))) -b'O{ nfv_ k"j{ jif{sf] cfo' .
!)= zLtngfysf] () wg'ifsf] z/L/ / !))))) -Ps nfv_ k"j{ jif{sf] cfo' .
!!= >]of+;gfysf] *) wg'ifsf] z/L/ / *$))))) -rf}/f;L nfv_ jif{sf] cfo' .
!@= jf;'k"Ho :jfdLsf] &) wg'ifsf] z/L/ &@))))) -axQ/ nfv_ jif{sf] cfo' .
!#= ljdngfysf] ^) wg'ifsf] z/L/ / ^)))))) -;f7L nfv_ jif{sf] cfo' .
!$= cgGtgfysf] %) wg'ifsf] z/L/ / #)))))) -tL; nfv_ jif{sf] cfo' .
!%= wd{gfysf] $% wg'ifsf] z/L/ / !)))))) -bz nfv_ jif{sf] cfo' .
!^= zflGtgfysf] $) wg'ifsf] z/L/ / !))))) -Ps nfv_ jif{sf] cfo' .
!&= s'Gy'gfysf] #% wg'ifsf] z/L/ / (%))) -k~rfÌAa] xhf/_ jif{sf] cfo' .
!*= cd/gfysf] #) wg'ifsf] z/L/ / *$))) -rf}/f;L xhf/_ jif{sf] cfo' .
!(= dNnLgfysf] @% wg'ifsf] z/L/ / %%))) -krkÌ xhf/_ jif{sf] cfo' .
@)= d'lg ;'j|tsf] @) wg'ifsf] z/L/ / #)))) -tL; xhf/_ jif{sf] cfo' .
@!= gldgfysf] !$ wg'ifsf] z/L/ / !)))) -bz xhf/_ jif{sf] cfo' .
@@= g]ldgfysf] !) wg'ifsf] z/L/ / !))) -Ps xhf/_ jif{sf] cfo' .
@#= kfZj{gfysf] ( xftsf] z/L/ / !)) -Ps zo_ jif{sf] cfo' .
@$= dxfjL/ :jfdLsf] & xftsf] z/L/ / &@ -axQ/_ jif{sf] cfo' .
oL rf}aL; tLy{Í/ h}gLx¿sf dt rnfpg]jfnf cfrfo{ / u'? x'g\, log}nfO{ h}gLx¿n] k/d]Zj/
dfGb5g\ / oL ;a} df]Ifdf uP . o;df a'l4dfgLx¿n] ljrf/ ug'{xf];\ ls olt 7"nf z/L/ oltsf] cfo'
dg'iob]xsf] x'g' slxNo} ;Dej 5 < o; e"uf]ndf clt yf]/} dg'io /xg;Sb5g\ . log} h}gLx¿sf
ukmf}8f lnP/ h'g k'/f0fLx¿n] Ps nfv, bz xhf/ / Ps xhf/ jif{sf] cfo' n]v]sf 5g\ ;f] klg
;Dej x'g ;Sb}g eg] h}gLx¿sf] sygsf] t emg ;Dej s;/L x'g ;Sb5 <
ca c¿ klg ;'g—
sNkefio k[i7 $– gfus]tn] u|fdsf] a/fa/ Ps lznf cf}+nfdfly prfn]/ c8Øfof] .
sNkefio k[i7 #%– dxfjL/n] a'9L cf}+nfn] k[YjLnfO{ bafP, o;af6 z]ifgfu sfFKof] .
sNkefio k[i7 $^– dxfjL/nfO{ ;k{n] 6f]Sof], /Qmsf] 7fpFdf b"w cfof] / Tof] ;k{ * cf}+ :ju{df
uof] .
sNkefio k[i7 $&– dxfjL/sf] v'§fdf vL/ ksfP t/ v'§f hn]g .
sNkefio k[i7 !^– ;fgf] efF8fdf pFm6nfO{ af]nfP .
/Tg;f/ efu !, k|yd k[i7 !$– z/L/sf] d}nnfO{ gkvfNg] / gsGofpg] .
ljj]s;f/ efu !, k[i7 !%– h}gLx¿sf Ps bdbf/ ;fw'n] qmf]lwt eP/ på]uhgs ;"q k9]/
Ps zx/df cfuf] nufOlbof] / dxfjL/ tLy{Í/sf] clt lk|o lyof] .
ljj]s;f/ efu !, k[i7 !@&– /fhfsf] cf1f cjZo dfÌ'kb{5 .
 ljj]s;f/ efu !, k[i7 @@&– Pp6L sf]zf gfdsL j]Zofn] yfnLdf tf]/Lsf u]8f e/]/
To;dflyaf6 k"mnn] 9flsPsf] l;of]x¿df ;lhn} gfrL k/Gt' v'§fdf l;of] u8]g / tf]/Lsf u]8f klg
xlNnPgg\ .
tTjljj]s k[i7 @@*– o;} sf]zf j]Zofsf] ;fy Ps :y"nd'lgn] !@ jif{;Dd ef]u u/] / kZrft\
bLIff lnP/ ;b\ult k|fKt u/] / sf]zf j]Zof klg h}g wd{nfO{ kfNb} ;b\ult k|fKt u/L .
ljj]s;f/ efu !, k[i7 !*$– Ps l;4sf] sGyf h'g 3fF6Ldf nufOG5 Tof] %)) czkmL{ Ps
j}ZonfO{ lgTo lb+b}/x] .
ljj]s;f/ efu !, k[i7 @@*– anjfg\ k'?ifsf] cf1f, b]jsf] cf1f, 3f]/ jgdf si6n] lgjf{x,
u'?nfO{ /f]Sg], dftf, lktf, s'nfrfo{, 1ftLox¿ / wdf]{kb]i6f oL 5M nfO{ /f]Sgfn] wd{df Go"gtf x'gfn]
wd{sf] xflg x'Fb}g .
;dLIfs— ca x]g'{xf];\ logsf ldYof s'/fx¿ Û Ps dg'ion] ufpF a/fa/sf] kfiff0fsf] lznfnfO{
cf}+nf]df sxL+ p7fpg ;Sb5 < ..!.. / k[YjLdfly sxL+ a'9L cf}+nfn] bafpgfn] k[YjL blaG5 < / ha
z]ifgfu g} 5}g eg] sfFKg] sf] < st} z/L/df 6f]Sbf b"w lgl:sPsf] s;}n] b]lvPsf] 5, l;jfo
OGb|hfnsf] csf]{ s'/f] xf]Og, p;nfO{ 6f]Sg] ;k{ t :ju{df uof] / dxfTdf >Ls[i0f cflb t];|f] g/sdf
uP, of] slt ldYof s'/f] xf] < ..#–$..
ha dxfjL/sf] v'§fdf vL/ ksfP ta p;sf] v'§f] lsg hn]g < st} ;fgf] efF8f]df pFm6 cfpg
;Sb5 < ..%.. h;n] z/L/sf] d}n gw'g] / gsGofpg] ub{5g\, tL b'u{Gw¿k dxf g/s ef]Ub5g\
xf]nf ..^..
h'g ;fw'n] gu/ hnfof] To;sf] bof / Ifdf sxfF uof] < ha dxfjL/sf] ;Ën] klg To;sf]
cfTdf kljq ePg eg] t ca dxfjL/ d/]kZrft\ p;sf] cf>on] h}gx¿ klg slxNo} kljq
x'g]5}gg\ ..&.. /fhfsf] cf1f dfÌ' kb{5 k/Gt' h}gx¿ algof x'g\, o;}n] /fhf;Fu 8/fP/ of] s'/f]
n]lvlbP xf]nfg\ ..*.. sf]zf j]Zof rfx] To;sf] z/L/ hltg} xn'sf eP klg tf]/Lsf] u]8fsf] y'k|f]df
l;of] 78ØfP/ To;df gfRg', l;of]n] gsf]Kg' / u]8f glau|g' cltj e'm6f] xf]Og eg] t s] xf] < ..(–!)..
enf, sGyf t j:qsf] x'G5 To;n] lgTok|lt %)) czkmL{ s'g k|sf/n] lbg ;Sb5 < ..!!.. wd{
s;}n] s'g} cj:yfdf klg 5f]8\g'x'Fb}g, rfx] h];'s} xf]cf];\ < ..!@.. ca o:tf–o:tf c;Dej syfx¿
logsf n]lv/fVg] xf] eg] t h}gLx¿sf] ;b[z kf/ kfOg;Sg' 5 o;}n] w]/} n]lvg . cyf{t \ yf]/} dfq oL
h}gLx¿sf] s'/f 5f]8]/ afFsL z]if ldYof–hfn el/Psf] 5 . x]g'{xf];\—
h}gdtdf /x]sf] hDa"åLkflbsf] lj:tf/ -!@=@@_
bf] ;l; bf] /lj k9d] . b'u'0ff nj0f+ld wfoO{ ;+d] .
af/; ;l; af/; /lj . tKkldO lglbÝ ;l; /lj0ff] ..&&..
ltu'0ff k'lAaNn h'of . c0f+t/f0f+t/+ ldlvQ+ld .
sfnf] P afofnf . la;Q/L k':s/ å+ld ..&*.. —k|s/0f= ef=$÷;+u|x0fL ;"q &&–&* ..
h'g hDa"åLk nfv of]hg cyf{t\ $ nfv sf]; n]lvPsf] 5, pgdf of] klxnf] åLkn] lrlgG5 .
o;df b'O{ rGb| / b'O{ ;"o{ 5g\ / To;/L g} nj0f ;d'b|df p;sf] b'O{ u'0ff cyf{t\ $ rGb|df / $ ;"o{
5g\ tyf wftsLv08df afx| rGb|df / afx| ;"o{ 5g\ ..&&.. / lognfO{ tLgu'0ff ugf{n] #^ x'G5, logsf]
;fy b'O{ hDa"åLksf] / rf/ nj0f ;d'b|sf] ldnfP/ aofnL; rGb|df / aofnL; ;"o{ sfnf]blw ;d'b|df
5g\ / o;} k|sf/n] cl3Nnf–cl3Nnf åLk / ;d'b|df k"jf]{Qm aofnL;sf] tLgu'0ff u/]df t Ps ;o
5AaL; x'G5g\, pgdf wftsLv08sf] afx|, nj0f ;d'b|sf] $ / hDa"åLksf] b'O{, o;} /Lltn] ldnfP/
!$$ rGb|, !$$ ;"o{ k'is/åLkdf 5g\ . of] klg cfwf dg'ioIf]qsf] u0fgf xf] . k/Gt' hxfF dg'io
/xFb}gg\, jxfF y'k|} rGb| / y'k|} ;"o{ 5g\ . / h'g kl5Nnf] cw{ k'is/åLkdf y'k|} rGb| / ;"o{ 5g\, tL l:y/
5g\, k"jf]{Qm Ps ;o rjfnL;nfO{ tLgu'0ff ugf{n] $#@ / pgdf k"jf]{Qm hDa"åLksf b'O{ rGb|df / b'O{
;"o{, rf/–rf/ nj0f ;d'b|sf / afx|–afx| wftsLv08sf / aofnL; sfnf]blwsf ldnfpgfn] $(@
rGb|df tyf $(@ ;"o{ k'is/ ;d'b|df 5g\ ..&*..
oL ;a} s'/f >Llhgeb|u0fLIfdf>d0fn] 7"nf] …;+3o0fLÚ df tyf …Hof]tLifs/08skoÌf dWo]Ú /
…rGbkÌltÚ tyf …;"/kÌltÚ k|d'v l;4fGtu|Gyx¿df o;} k|sf/ atfOPsf] 5 .
;dLIfs— ca ;'Ì'xf];\–e"uf]n vuf]nnfO{ hfÌ]jfnfx¿ Û o; Ps e"uf]ndf Ps k|sf/ $(@ /
bf];|f] k|sf/ c;+Vo rGb| / ;"o{ h}gLx¿n] dfGb5g\ . tkfO{+x¿sf] 7"nf] efUo xf] ls j]bdtfg'ofoL
;"o{l;4fGtflb Hof]ltif u|Gyx¿sf] cWoogaf6 7Ls–7Ls e"uf]n–vuf]n ljlbt eof] . olb h}gsf dxf
cGwsf/ dtdf x'Gy] eg] t hGde/ cWofF/f]df /xg kb{Yof], h:t} ls h}gx¿ cfhef]ln 5g\ . oL
cljåfg\x¿nfO{ of] zÍf eof] ls hDa"åLkdf Ps ;"o{ / Ps rGb|af6 sfd rNb}g, lsgeg] olt 7"nf]
k[YjLsf] tL; 38Ldf bf];|f] efudf rGb|–;"o{ s;/L cfpg ;Sb5g\ < lsgeg] k[YjLnfO{ logLx¿n]
;"of{lb eGbf klg 7"nf] / l:y/ dfGb5g\, oxL logsf] 7"nf] e'n xf] .
bf] ;l; bf] /lj k+tL . Pu+tl/of 5;lÝ ;+vfof .
d]?+ koflx0f+tf . df0f';lvQ] kl/c+8lt ..&(.. —k|s/0f/Tgfs/ efu $÷;+u|x0fL ;"q &( ..
cy{— dg'ionf]sdf rGb|df / ;"o{sf] k+lQmsf] ;+Vof ub{5g\ . b'O{ rGb|df / b'O{ ;"o{sf] k+lQm
->]0fL_ 5g\, tL Ps–Ps nfv–nfv of]hg cyf{t\ rf/–rf/ nfv sf];sf] cGt/n] rNb5g\ . h;/L Ps
;"o{sf] k+lQmsf] cGt/ Ps k+lQm rGb|dfsf] x'G5, o;} k|sf/ rGb|dfsf] k+lQmsf] cGt/ ;"o{sf] k+lQm 5,
o;} /Lltaf6 rf/ k+lQm 5g\ . tL Ps–Ps rGb| k+lQmdf ^^ rGb|df / Ps ;"o{sf] k+lQmdf ^^ ;"o{ 5g\ .
tL rf/} k+lQm hDa"åLksf] d]? kj{tsf] k|blIf0ff ub}{ dg'ioIf]qdf kl/e|d0f ub{5 . cyf{t\ h'g ;do
hDa"åLksf] d]?af6 Ps ;"o{ blIf0f lbzfdf ljxb{5, To; ;do bf];|f] ;"o{ pQ/ lbzfdf 3'Db5, To;/L
g} nj0f ;d'b|sf] Ps–Ps lbzfdf b'O{–b'O{ rNg]–lkmg]{ ub{5g\, wftsLv08sf ^, sfnf]blwsf @!,
k'is/f4{sf #^, o; k|sf/ ldn]/ ^^ ;"o{ blIf0f lbzf / ^^ pQ/ lbzfdf cfˆgf]–cfˆgf] qmdn]
lkmb{5g\ . / b'O6} lbzfx¿sf] k+lQmnfO{ ldnfpg] xf] eg] t !#@ ;"o{, o;/L g} 5};ÝL–5};ÝL rGb|dfsf]
b'j} lbzfsf k+lQmnfO{ ldnfpFbf !#@ rGb|df dg'ionf]sdf rfn rNb5g\ . o;} k|sf/ rGb|dfsf] ;fy
gIfqflbsf] klg k+lQmx¿ y'k|} hfÌ' ..&(..
;dLIfs— ca x]/ efO Û o; e"uf]ndf !#@ ;"o{ / !#@ rGb|df h}gLx¿sf 3/df tKb}/fVb5g\
xf]nf Û enf tKb5g\ eg] s;/L afFRb5g\ xf]nf < / /flqdf klg zLtsf] df/] h}gLx¿ s7f+lu|bf
xf]nfg\ < o:tf c;Dej s'/fdf e"uf]n–vuf]nnfO{ ghfÌ]x¿ km:b5g\, cGo xf]Ogg\ . ha Ps ;"o{ o;
e"uf]nsf] ;b[z cGo cg]s e"uf]nx¿nfO{ k|sfz ub{5 eg] t o; ;fgf] e"uf]nsf] syf g} s] eÌ' < /
olb k[YjL g3'Dg] / ;"o{ k[YjLsf] rf/}lt/ 3'd]df t sof}+ Ps jif{sf] lbg / /ft x'g hfG5 . / ;'d]?
lagf lxdfnosf] bf];|f] s]xL xf]Og . of] ;"o{sf] ;fd'Ì] Pp6f 3}+6f]sf] ;fd'Ì] ltnsf] bfgf hlQsf] klg
xf]Og . oL s'/fx¿nfO{ h}gLx¿, ha;Dd To; dtdf /xG5g\ ta;Dd hfÌ ;Sb}gg\, lsGt' ;bf
cFw]/f]df g} /xg]5g\ .
;DdQr/0f ;lxof . ;Jj+ nf]u+ k'm;] lg/j;];+ .
;Qo r pb;efP . k+ro ;'o b]; lj/O{P ..!#%.. —k|s/0f/Tgfs/ efu $÷;+u|x0fL ;"q !#% ..
cy{— ;Dos\rfl/q ;lxt hf] s]jnL, ltgLx¿ s]jn ;d'b\3ft cj:yfaf6 ;j{ rf}w–/fHonf]s
cfˆgf] cfTdk|b]z u/]/ lkmg]{5g\ ..!#%..
;dLIfs— h}gLx¿ !$ rf}w /fHo dfGb5g\, To; dWo]df rf}wf}+sf] zLvfdf ;jf{y{l;l4 ljdfgsf]
Wjhfb]lv yf]/} dfly b"/Ldf l;4lznf tyf lbJo cfsfznfO{ lzjk'/ eGb5g\ . To;df …s]jnLÚ cyf{t\
h;nfO{ s]jn1fg, ;j{1tf, k"0f{ kljqtf k|fKt ePsf] 5, ltgLx¿ o; nf]sdf hfG5g\ . / cfˆgf]
cfTdk|b]zn] ;j{1 /xG5g\ . h;sf] k|b]z x'G5 Tof] lje" xf]Og, hf] lje" xf]Og, Tof] ;j{1 s]jn1fgL
slxNo} x'g;Sb}g . lsgeg] h;sf] cfTdf Psb]zL x'G5, ToxL hfg]–cfpg] ub{5 / a4, d'Qm, 1fgL,
c1fgL x'G5, ;j{JofkL ;j{1 To:tf] slxNo} x'g ;Sb}g . hf] h}gLx¿sf tLy{Í/ hLj¿k cNk–cNk1
eP/ l:yt ylP, tL ;j{Jofks–;j{1 slxNo] x'g ;Sb}gg\ . lsGt' hf] k/dfTdf cgfBgGt, ;j{Jofks,
kljq, 1fg:j¿k xf], To;nfO{ h}gLx¿n] dfGb}gg\ ls h;df ;j{1tflb u'0f ofyftYo 36\b5g\ .
uAeg/ lt klnofpm . ltufp pSsf]; t] hxÌ]0f+ .
d'lR5d b'xflj cGt d'x' . c+u'n c;+v efut0f" ..@$!.. —k|s= efu $÷;+u|x0fL ;"q @$! ..
cy{— oxfF dg'io b'O{ k|sf/sf 5g\ . Ps ue{h, bf];|f ue{sf] lagf pTkÌ ePsf, pgLx¿df
ue{h dg'iosf] pTs[i6 tLg kNof]kdsf] cfo'if hfÌ' / tLg sf];sf] z/L/ ..@$!..
;dLIfs— enf, tLg kNof]kdsf] cfo' / tLg sf];sf] z/L/ ePsf] dg'io o; e"uf]ndf
yf]/}dfq c6fpg ;Sg]5g\ / k]ml/ tLg kNof]kdsf] h;/L dfly n]v]/ cfOof], Tolt ;do;Dd afFr] eg]
t To;/L g} pgsf ;Gtfg klg tLg–tLg sf];sf] z/L/jfnf x'g'k¥of], h:t} d'DaO{df Ps jf b'O{,
snsQfdf tLg jf rf/ dg'io dfq lgjf; ug{;Sb5g\ . h}gLx¿n] t gu/df nfvf}+ dg'iosf] s'/f
n]v]sf 5g\ To;f] xf] eg] t ltgLx¿ /xgsf] nflu klg nfvf}+ sf];x¿sf] gu/ x'g'kb{5 o:t} xf] eg] t
e"uf]ndf Pp6f klg gu/ a:g ;Sb}g .
k0fofn n/shf]o0f . lj/s+ef l;l4l;n kmlnx ljdnf .
tb'jl/uhf]o0f+t] . nf]u+tf] tR5 l;4l7O{ ..@%*.. —k|s/0f/Tgfs/ efu $÷;+u|x0fL ;"q @%* ..
cy{— h'g ;jf{y{l;l4 ljdfgsf] Wjhfb]lv dfly !@ of]hgsf] l;4lznf 5, Tof] af6'nf] /
nfdf]kg / uf]nfO{df $% k}+tfnL; nfv of]hg k|df0f 5, Tof] ;a} wjnf ch'{g ;'j0f{do :kml6ss}
;dfg lgd{n l;4lznfsf] l;4e"ld xf] . o;nfO{ s;}n] …O{ift\Ú …k|fUef/fÚ o:tf] gfd klg eGb5g\ . of]
;jf{y{l;4lznf ljdfgb]lv !@ of]hg cnf]s klg 5 . of] k/dfy{ s]jnL ax' >'tn] hfGb5 . of]
l;4lznf ;j{yf dWo efudf * of]hg :y"n 5 . jxfFb]lv $ lbzf / $ pklbzfdf 36\bf]–36\6f]
dfvfsf] KjfFvsf] ;b[z kftnf] pQfg5q / cfsf/ u/]/ l;4lznfsf] :yfkgf 5 . To; lznfb]lv dfly
Ps of]hgsf] cGt/df nf]sfGt 5g\, TxfF l;4x¿sf] l:ylt cyf{t\ lgjf; x'G5 ..@%*..
;dLIfs— ca ljrf/ ug'{kb{5 ls h}gLx¿sf] d'lQmsf] :yfg ;jf{y{l;l4 ljdfgsf] Wjhfsf]
dfly k}+tfnL; nfv of]hgsf] lznf cyf{t\ rfx] o:tf] /fd|f] / lgd{n xf];\ tyflk To;df /xg]jfn] d'Qm
hLj Ps k|sf/n] a4 5g\, lsgeg] To; lznfb]lv aflx/ lg:sgdf d'lQmsf] ;'vb]lv 5'6\ghfg] eP . /
hf] leq /xG5g\ xf]nf ltgLx¿nfO{ jfo' klg nfUb}g xf]nf, of] s]jn sNkgfdfq cljåfg\x¿nfO{
km;fpgsf] nflu e|dhfn xf] .
hf]o0f;x:; dlxo+ . Plu+lbob]x d'Ssf];+ ..@^^..
lj lt rpl/+lbo ;/L/+ . af/; hf]o0f ltsf]; rpsf];+ .
hf]o0f ;x; kl0f+lbo . px]+ j'R5+ lj;];+t' ..@^&..
—k|s/0f/Tgfs/ efu $÷;+u|x0fL ;"q @^^–@^& ..
;fdfGokgb]lv Ps]lGb|osf] z/L/ ! ;x;| of]hgsf] z/L/jfnf pTs[i6 hfÌ' ..@^^.. / b'O{
OlGb|ojfnf hf] z+vflb p;sf] z/L/ !@ of]hgsf] hfÌ' . To;/L g} ls/f–dfs'/fsf] z/L/ # sf];sf]
hfÌ' . / rt'l/lGb|o e|d/flbsf] z/L/ $ sf];sf] / k~r]lGb|o Ps ;x;| of]hg cyf{t\ $ ;x;| sf];sf]
z/L/jfnf hfÌ' ..@^&..
;dLIfs— rf/–rf/ ;x;| sf];sf] k|df0fjfnf z/L/ eP eg] t e"uf]ndf Psbd yf]/} dg'io
cyf{t\ ;os8f}+ dg'ion] dfq} 7;f7; e"uf]n el/g]5, sf]xL lx+8\8'n ug{ klg ldNg] 5}g, k]ml/ tL
h}gLx¿;Fu /xgsf] nflu 7]ufgf / dfu{ ;f]w]df t logn] n]v]sf] eP t cfˆgf] 3/df /fVnfg\ . k/Gt'
rf/ ;x;| sf];sf] z/L/jfnfsf] lgjf;fy{ s'g} Pp6fsf] nflu #@ xhf/ sf];sf] 3/ t rflxof] . o:tf
Pp6f 3/ agfpgdf h}gLx¿sf] ;a} wg nufpFbf klg ag]/ tof/ x'Fb}g, olt 7"nf] ufx|f] xhf/ sf];sf]
5t agfpgsf] nflu nÝf sxfFaf6 Nofpg] < / olb To;df vfFaf] nufpg] xf] eg] t leq k|j]z ug{
klg ;Sb}g, To;}n] o:tf e'm§f x'g] ub{5g\ .
t] y"nf kNn] ljx' . ;+lvHhfr]jx'+lt ;Jj]lj .
t] OlSsSs c;+v] . ;'x'd] v+8] ksKk]x ..
—k|s/0f/Tgfs/ efu $÷n3'If]q;df;k|s/0f ;"q $ ..
cy{— k"jf]{Qm Ps cf}+nf] nf]d -skfn_ sf] v08af6 $ sf];sf] rf}/; / pltg} ulx/f] vfN8f]
xf];\, cf}+nf] k|df0f nf]dsf] v08 ;a} ldn]/ aL; nfv ;GtfpÌ xhf/ Ps ;o afpÌ x'G5g\ / clws
eGbf clws -##)&^@!)$, @$^%^@%, $@!((^), (&%#^)), )))))))_ t]QL; s/f]8, ;ft nfv
a};ÝL xhf/ Ps ;o rf/ s/f]8, rf}aL; nfv k}+;ÝL xhf/ 5M ;o kRrL; olt s/f]8 tyf aofnL;
nfv pÌfO{; xhf/ gf} ;o ;f7L olt s/f]8 tyf ;GtfgAa] nfv lqkÌ xhf/ / 5M ;o s/f]8, olt
af6'nf] 3g of]hg kNof]kddf ;j{ :y"n /f]d v08sf] ;+Vof xf]cf];\, of] klg ;+Voftsfn x'G5 . k"jf]{Qm
Ps nf]d v08sf] c;+Voft v08 dgdf sNk] ta c;+Voft ;"Id /f]df0f' x'G5 ..$..
;dLIfs— ca x]g'{xf];\ logsf uGtLsf] /Llt Û Ps cf}+nf] k|df0f nf]dnfO{ slt v08 u/] . of]
slxNo} s;}sf] uGtLdf cfpg ;Sb5 < / To;sf] pk/fGt dgn] c;+Vo v08 sNkG5g\, o;}n] k"jf]{Qm
v08, h}gLx¿n] xft}n] agfP xf]nfg\ . o:t} ljlbt x'G5 . of] s'/f] slxNo} ;Dej 5}g .
hDa"åLkkdf0f+ u'nhf]o0fn/s j§ lj/s+ef] .
nj0ffO{ of;];f . jnofef b'u'0f b'u'0ffo ..!@..
—k|s/0f/Tgfs/ efu $÷n3'If]q;df;k|s/0f ;"q !@ ..
 k|yd hDa"åLksf] nfv of]hgsf] k|df0f / uf]nfO{ 5 . / afFsL nj0fflb ;ft ;d'b|, ;ft åLk,
hDa"åLksf] k|df0f b'O{u'0ff–b'O{u'0ff 5g\ . o; Ps k[YjLdf hDa"åLkflb ;ft åLk / ;ft ;d'b| 5g\ .
h;/L ls k"j{ n]v]/ cfPF ..!@..
;dLIfs— ca hDa"åLkb]lv bf];|f] åLk b'O{ nfv of]hg, t];|f] rf/ nfv of]hg, rf}yf] cf7 nfv
of]hg, kfFrf} ;f]x| nfv of]hg, 5}6f}+ aQL; nfv of]hg / ;ftf}+ rf};ÝL nfv of]hg / pltg} k|df0f jf
tL eGbf klg clws ;d'b|sf] k|df0fn] o; kGw| xhf/ sf]; kl/lwjfnf e"uf]ndf s;/L c6fpg
;Sb5 < o;}n] of] s'/f] s]jn e'm§f] xf] .
s'? gO r'n;L ;x;f . 5Rr]jGt/gO{p kO ljho+ .
bf] bf] dxf gO{p . rGb b; ;x;fp kQ]o+ ..^#..
—k|s/0f/Tgfs/ efu $÷n3'If]q;df;k|s/0f ;"q ^# ..
s'?If]qdf *$ rf}/f;L xhf/ gbL 5g\ ..^#..
;dLIfs— enf, s'?If]q clt ;fgf] b]z xf], To;nfO{ gx]/]/ ldYof s'/f] n]Vgdf lognfO{ nHhf
klg cfPg .
hfd'Q/fp tfp . Ou]ul;+xf;0ffp cOk'Jj+ .
rp;'lj tf;' lgof;0f, lbl; ejlh0f dHh0f+ xf]O{ ..!!(..
—k|s/0f/Tgfs/ efu $÷n3'If]q;df;k|s/0f ;"q !!( ..
To; lznfsf] ljz]if blIf0f / pQ/ lbzfdf Ps–Ps l;+xf;g hfÌ'kb{5 . tL lznfx¿sf] gfd
blIf0f lbzfdf clt–kf08'–sDanf, pQ/ lbzfdf clt–/Qm sDanf lznf 5 . tL l;+xf;gx¿df tLy{Í/
a:b5g\ ..!!(..
;dLIfs— x]g'{xf];\ logsf tLy{Í/sf] hGdf]T;jflb ug]{ lznfx¿nfO{ Û o:t} g} d'lQmsf l;4lznf
5g\ . o:tf logsf s'/fx¿df uf]ndfn / kf]nkfn y'k|} 5g\, sxfF;Dd n]v"F < lsGt' hn 5fg]/ lkpg] /
;"Id hLjx¿dfly gfdfqsf] bof ug]{, /flqdf ef]hg gug{] oL tLg s'/f dfq c;n 5g\ . afFsL hlt
logsf syg 5g\ ;a} c;Deju|:t 5g\ .
olt n]vaf6} a'l4dfgLx¿n] w]/} a'‰g]5g\, yf]/} of] b[i6fGtdfq n]v]sf] 5' . olb logsf ;a}
c;Dej s'/fx¿ n]Vg yfNg] xf] eg] t olt k':ts aÌhfg] 5 ls Ps k'?ifn] cfo' e/L klg k9]/
;Sg]5}g .
o;}n] Pp6f s;f}+8Ldf kfSb} u/]sf] eftaf6 Pp6f l;tf] rfdnnfO{ k/LIff u/]/ x]bf{df
s;f}+8Lsf] ;a} eft kfs] gkfs]sf] yfxf x'G5, To;/L g} o; yf]/} n]vaf6 ;Hhgx¿n] w]/} s'/f
a'‰g]5g\ . a'l4dfg\x¿sf] ;fd'Ì] w]/} n]Vg' cfjZostf 5}g . lsgeg] lbUbz{gjt\ ;Dk"0f{ cfzonfO{
a'l4dfg\x¿n] hflgxfNb5g\ .
o; eGbf cufl8 O{;fO{x¿sf] dtsf] ljifodf n]lvg]5 .

Olt >Ld2ofgGb;/:jtL:jfldlgld{t] ;Tofy{k|sfz]

;'efifflje"lift] gfl:tsdtfGtu{trfjf{s–
af}4h}gdtv08gd08gljifo]
åfbzM ;d'Nnf;M ;Dk"0f{M ..!@..

 cf]#d\
cg'e"ldsf -#_
h'g of] afOansf] dt 5, Tof] s]jn O{;fO{x¿sf] xf] eÌ] ul/G5 ;f] xf]Og, lsGt' o;af6 ox"bL
cflb klg u[xLt x'G5g\ . h'g of] -!#_ t]x|f}+ ;d'Nnf;df O{;fO{sf] dtsf] ljifodf n]lvPsf] 5, o;sf]
clek|fo of] xf] ls cfhef]ln afOansf] dtdf O{;fO{x¿ d'Vo e}/x]sf 5g\ / ox"bL cflb uf}+0f 5g\ .
d'Vosf] u|x0faf6 uf}+0fsf] klg u|x0f x'g hfg] x'gfn], o;af6 ox"bLx¿sf] klg u|x0f ;Demg'kb{5 .
logsf] h'g ljifo oxfF n]lvPsf] 5 ;f] s]jn afOanaf6 ls h;nfO{ O{;fO{ / ox"bL cflb
;a}n] dfGb5g\ / o;} k':tsnfO{ cfˆgf] wd{sf] d"nsf/0f ;DemG5g\ .
o; k':tssf efiffGt/ y'k|} ePsf 5g\, hf] ls logsf dtdf 7"nf–7"nf kfb/L eP, pg}n]
agfPsf x'g\ . To; dWo]df b]jgfu/L jf ;+:s[t efiffGt/nfO{ x]bf{v]/L dnfO{ afOandf y'k|} zÍf ePsf]
5, To; dWo]af6 yf]/} dfq o; t]x|f}+ ;d'Nnf;df ;a}sf] ljrf/fy{ n]v]sf] 5' . of] n]v s]jn ;Tosf]
j[l4 / c;Tosf] x|f; ug{sf] nflu xf], g ls s;}nfO{ b'Mv lbg' jf xflg ug{ cyjf ldYof bf]if
nufpgsf] cy{df . o;sf] clek|fo pQ/ n]vdf ;a}n] ;Demg]5g\ ls of] k':ts s:tf] 5 / logsf]
dt klg s:tf] 5 <
o; n]vaf6 oxL k|of]hg ul/Psf] 5 ls ;a} dg'iodfqn] x]g{, ;'Ì, n]Vg cflbsf] nflu ;xh
x'g]5 / kIfL–k|ltkIfL eP/ ljrf/ ub}{ O{;fO{ dtsf] cfGbf]ng ;a}n] ug{ ;Sg]5g\ .
o;af6 Pp6f of] k|of]hg l;4 x'g]5 ls dg'iox¿sf] wd{ljifos 1fg a9]/ oyfof]Uo
;Tof˜;To dt / sQ{JofsQ{Jo sd{;DaGwL ljifo ljlbt eP/ ;To / st{Jo sd{sf] :jLsf/, c;To /
cst{Jo sd{sf] kl/Tofu ug{ ;xhtfn] x'g ;Sg]5 .
;a} dg'ionfO{ of] plrt 5 ls ;a}sf] dtljifos k':tsx¿nfO{ x]/]/, a'e]m/ s]xL ;Ddlt jf
c;Ddlt b]pmg\ jf n]v"g\, gq ;'Ì] u¿g\ . lsgeg] h;/L k9\gfn] …kl08tÚ x'G5, To;/L g} ;'Ìfn]
…ax'>'tÚ x'G5 . olb >f]tf bf];|fnfO{ ;Demfpg ;Sb}gg\ eg] klg :jo+n] t a'‰g] g} 5g\ . hf] s;}n]
kIfkft¿k ofgf¿9 eP/ x]b{5g\, ltgLx¿nfO{ g cfˆgf] g t k/fo u'0f bf]if ljlbt x'g ;Sb5 .
dg'iosf] cfTdf oyfof]Uo ;Tof˜;Tosf] lg0f{o ug{sf] nflu ;fdYo{ /fVb5 . hlt cfˆgf] kl7t
jf >'t x'G5, Tolt lgZro ug{ ;Sb5 . olb Ps dtjfnfn] bf];|f] dtjfnfsf] ljifx¿nfO{ hfÌ] /
cGon] ghfg]df t oyfjt\ ;+jfb x'g ;Sb}g, lsGt' c1fgL s'g} e|d¿k vf]/df kb{5 . o:tf] gxf];\
To;}n] o; u|Gydf, k|rl/t ;a} dtx¿sf] ljifo yf]/}–yf]/} n]lvPsf] 5 . olQaf6} z]if ljifox¿df
cg'dfg ug{ ;lsG5 ls logLx¿ ;fFrf x'g\ ls e'm§f <
h'g–h'g ;j{dfGo ;To ljifo x'g\, tL ;a}df Ps ;dfg 5g\ . emu8f e'm6f] ljifodf x'g]
ub{5 . cyjf Pp6f ;fFrf] / csf]{ e'm6f] ePdf klg s]xL yf]/} ljjfb t rlnxfNb5 . olb jfbL–
k|ltjfbLn] ;Tof˜;To lgZrosf] nflu jfb–ljjfb u/] eg] t, cjZo lgZro x'g hfG5 .
ca d o; !#cf}+ ;d'Nnf;df O{;fO{dt ljifos yf]/} dfq n]v]/ ;a}sf] ;Dd'v :yflkt ub{5',
ljrf/ ug'{xf];\ s:tf] nfUb5 <

.. cndltn]v]g ljrIf0fj/]if' ..
.. OTog'e"ldsf ..

—bofgGb ;/:jtL
 -!#_ t]x|f}+ ;d'Nnf;
O{;fO{dtsf] ljifodf JofVof
O{;fO{dtsf] ;dLIff -!#=!_
ca o; eGbf cufl8 O{;fO{x¿sf] dt–ljifodf n]lvG5, h;af6 ;a}nfO{ ljlbt x'g hfg]5 ls
logsf] dt lgbf]{if / logsf] afOan k':ts O{Zj/s[t xf] ls xf]Og < k|yd afOansf] tf}/]tsf] ljifo
n]lvG5 . To; dWo]af6 k|yd pTklQsf] ljifodf s]xL–s]xL ljifo b]vfOG5—
-s_ k'/fgf] ljwfgsf] k':ts -tf}/]t_ -!#=@_
pTklQ k':ts -!#=@=!_
d"n—!— cf/Dedf O{Zj/n] cfsfz / k[YjLnfO{ ;[Hof] .. k[YjL c;dfg / ;'g;fg lyof] clg
ulx/fOdf cFWof/f] lyof] / O{Zj/sf] cfTdf hndfly 8f]ln/x]sf] lyof] .. [Onfxfafb ldzg k|];af6
ljqmd ;+jt\ !(@# df d'lb|t, k'/fgf] lgodsf] klxnf] efu cyf{t\ tf}/]tsf] k':ts, pTklQ]
—tf}/]t -pTklQkj{÷cWofo !÷cfot !, @_ ..
;dLIfs— cf/De s;nfO{ eGb5f} <
O{;fO{— ;[li6sf] k|ydf]TklQnfO{ .
;dLIfs— s] oxL ;[li6 k|yd xf], o;sf] k"j{ slxNo} ePg <
O{;fO{— xfdLn] hfGb}gf}+, eof] ls ePg, O{Zj/n] hfgf];\ .
;dLIfs— ha hfGb}gf} eg] t ltdLn] o; k':tsdfly ljZjf; lsg u¥of}, lsgeg] h;af6
;Gb]xsf] lgjf/0f x'g ;Sb}g / o;}sf] e/f];fdf dfG5]x¿nfO{ pkb]z u/]/ o; ;Gb]xn] el/Psf] dtdf
lsg km;fpFb5f}+ < / h'g lgM;Gb]x ;j{zÍflgjf/s j]bdtnfO{ :jLsf/ lsg ub}{gf} < ha ltdLn]
O{Zj/sf] ;[li6sf] xfnnfO{ hfGb}gf} eg] t O{Zj/nfO{ s;/L hfGb5f} xf]nf <
cfsfz s;nfO{ dfGb5f} <
O{;fO{— v'nf / dflylt/sf]nfO{ .
;dLIfs— v'nfsf] pTklQ s'g k|sf/n] eof] Û lsgeg] of] lje' kbfy{ / clt ;"Id 5 / tn
dfly Ps}gf;sf] 5 . ha cfsfz ;[h]sf] lyPg ta v'nf / cjsfz lyof] ls lyPg < olb lyPg eg]
t O{Zj/, hut\sf] sf/0f / hLj sxfF /xGy] < lagf cjsfzsf] s'g} kbfy{ l:yt x'g ;Sb}g, o;}n]
ltd|f] afOansf] syg o'Qm 5}g .
O{Zj/ c;dfg, p;sf] 1fg–sd{ c;dfg x'G5 ls ;dfgjfnf <
O{;fO{— ;dfg x'G5g\ .
;dLIfs— To;f] eP oxfF O{Zj/n] agfPsf] k[YjL ;dfg lyPg, o:tf] lsg n]lvof] <
O{;fO{— c;dfgsf] cy{ pa8–vfa8 lyof], a/fa/ lyPg .
;dLIfs— k]ml/ a/fa/ s;n] u¥of] < s] clxn] klg tn–dfly p7]sf]–a;]sf] 5}g < o;}n]
O{Zj/sf] sfd c;dfg x'g ;Sb}g, lsgeg] pm ;j{1 5, p;sf] sfddf e'nr's slxNo} x'Fb}g /
afOandf O{Zj/sf] ;[li6 c;dfg n]lvof], o;}n] of] k':ts O{Zj/s[t x'g ;Sb}g .
;dLIfs— k|yd O{Zj/sf] cfTdf s] kbfy{ xf] <
O{;fO{— r]tg .
;dLIfs— Tof] ;fsf/ xf] ls lg/fsf/ tyf Jofks xf] ls Psb]zL <
O{;fO{— lg/fsf/, r]tg / Jofks xf] . k/Gt' s'g} …r'lgPsf] kj{tÚ, …rf}yf] cfsfzÚ cflbdf
ljz]if u/]/ /xG5 .
;dLIfs— olb Tof] lg/fsf/ xf] eg] t p;nfO{ s;n] b]Vof] < / Jofkssf] hndfly 8f]Ng]
slxNo} x'Fb}g . enf Û ha O{Zj/sf] cfTdf kfgLdfly 8f]ln/x]sf] lyof] ta O{Zj/ sxfF lyof] < o;af6
oxL l;4 x'G5 ls O{Zj/sf] z/L/ sxL+ cGoq l:yt lyof] xf]nf cyjf cfˆgf] s]xL cfTdfsf] Ps
6'qmfnfO{ kfgLdfly 8'nfOlbof] xf]nf . olb o:t} xf] eg] t lje' / ;j{1 slxNo} x'g ;Sb}g . olb lje'
xf]Og eg] t hut\sf] /rgf, wf/0f, kfng / hLjx¿sf] sd{x¿sf] Joj:yf jf k|no slxNo} ug{
;Sb}g . lsgeg] h'g kbfy{sf] :j¿k Psb]zL x'G5, To;sf] u'0f, sd{, :jefj klg Psb]zL x'G5g\ .
olb o:tf] xf] eg] t Tof] O{Zj/ x'g ;Sb}g . lsgeg] O{Zj/ ;j{Jofks, cgGt u'0f–sd{–:jefjo'Qm,
;lRrbfgGb:j¿k, lgTo, z'4, a'4, d'Qm:jefj, cgflb, cgGtflb nIf0fo'Qm j]bx¿df elgPsf] 5,
p;}nfO{ dfg ta g} ltd|f] sNof0f x'g]5, cGoyf x'Fb}g ..!..
d"n—@— / O{Zj/n] eGof] ls pHofnf] eP;\ ta pHofnf] eof] .. O{Zj/n] pHofnf]nfO{ x]¥of] ls
/fd|f] 5=== .. —tf}/]t -pTklQkj{÷cWofo !÷cfot #, $_ ..
;dLIfs— s] O{Zj/sf] s'/f h8:j¿k pHofnf]n] ;'Gof] < olb ;'g]sf] eP, clxn] klg ;"o{ /
bLk clUgsf] k|sfzn] xfd|f]–ltd|f] s'/f lsg ;'Gb}g < k|sfz h8 x'G5, To;n] slxNo} s;}sf] s'/f ;'Ì
;Sb}g . s] ha O{Zj/n] pHofnf]nfO{ b]Vof] ta} hfGof] ls pHofnf] /fd|f] 5 < klxnf hfGb}gYof] < olb
hfGbYof] eg] t b]v]/ lsg /fd|f] 5 eGYof] < olb hfGb}gYof] eg] t Tof] O{Zj/ g} xf]Og . o;}n] ltd|f]
afOan O{Zj/f]Qm / To;df elgPsf] O{Zj/ ;j{1 xf]Og ..@..
d"n—#— / O{Zj/n] eGof] ls kfgLsf] dWodf cfsfz agf];\ / kfgLnfO{ kfgLn] ljefu u/f];\ ..
ta O{Zj/n] cfsfznfO{ agfof] / cfsfzsf] tnsf] kfgLnfO{ cfsfzsf] dflysf] kfgLn] ljefu u¥of] /
o:t} eof] .. O{Zj/n] cfsfznfO{ :ju{ eGof] clg ;fFem / laxfg bf];|f] lbg eof] ..
—tf}/]t -pTklQkj{÷cWofo !÷cfot ^, &, *_ ..
;dLIfs— s] cfsfz / hnn] klg O{Zj/sf] s'/f ;'g] < / olb hnsf] aLrdf cfsfz x'Fb}gYof]
eg] t hn /xGYof] g} sxfF < k|yd cfotdf cfsfznfO{ ;[h]sf] lyof] k'gM cfsfznfO{ agfpg' Joy{
eof] . olb cfsfznfO{ :ju{ eg] t Tof] ;j{Jofks 5 o;}n] ;j{q :ju{ eof], k]ml/ dfly :ju{ 5 eÌ'
Joy{ eof] . ha ;"o{ pTkÌ g} ePsf] lyPg eg] k'gM lbg / /ft sxfFaf6 x'g uof] < o:t} c;Dej
s'/fx¿ cufl8sf cfotx¿df e/L 5 ..#..
d"n—$— ta O{Zj/n] eGof] ls d}n] cfbdnfO{ cfˆgf] :j¿kdf cfˆgf] ;dfg agfpF5' . ta
O{Zj/n] cfbdnfO{ cfˆgf] :j¿kdf pTkÌ u¥of], p;n] To;nfO{ O{Zj/sf] :j¿kdf pTkÌ u¥of], p;n]
ltgnfO{ g/ / gf/L agfof] .. / O{Zj/n] ltgLx¿nfO{ cfzLif lbof]=====..
—tf}/]t -pTklQkj{÷cWofo !÷cfot @^, @&, @*_ ..
;dLIfs— olb cfbdnfO{ O{Zj/n] cfˆgf] :j¿kdf agfof] eg] t O{Zj/sf] :j¿k kljq,
1fg:j¿k, cfgGbdo cflb nIf0fo'Qm x'G5, p;sf] ;b[z cfbd lsg ePg < olb ePg eg] t p;sf]
:j¿kdf ag]g . k]ml/ cfbdnfO{ pTkÌ u¥of] eg] t O{Zj/n] cfˆgf] :j¿knfO{ g} pTklQjfnf u/fof],
k'gM Tof] clgTo lsg xf]Og / cfbdnfO{ sxfFaf6 pTkÌ u¥of] <
O{;fO{— df6f]af6 agfof] .
;dLIfs— df6f] sxfFaf6 agfof] <
O{;fO{— cfˆgf] …k|s[ltÚ cyf{t\ ;fdYo{af6 .
;dLIfs— O{Zj/sf] ;fdYo{ cgflb xf] ls gjLg <
O{;fO{— cgflb xf] .
;dLIfs— ha cgflb xf] eg] t hut\sf] sf/0f ;gftg eof], k]ml/ cefjaf6 efjdf lsg
dfGb5f} <
O{;fO{— ;[li6sf] k"j{ O{Zj/sf] lagf s'g} j:t' lyPg .
;dLIfs— olb lyPg eg] t of] hut\ sxfFaf6 aGof] < / O{Zj/sf] ;fdYo{ u'0f xf] ls b|Jo <
olb b|Jo xf] eg] t O{Zj/b]lv leÌ bf];|f] kbfy{ lyof] / u'0f xf] eg] t u'0faf6 b|Jo slxNo} aÌ ;Sb}g,
h;/L ¿kaf6 clUg / /;af6 hn aÌ ;Sb}g . olb O{Zj/af6 hut\ ag]sf] eP t O{Zj/sf] ;b[z
u'0f, sd{, :jefjjfnf x'g'kg]{ lyof] . p;sf] u'0f, sd{, :jefjsf] ;b[z gx'gfn] oxL lgZro x'G5 ls
O{Zj/af6 ag]g, lsGt' hut\sf] sf/0f cyf{t\ k/df0f' cflb gfdjfnf h8af6 ag]sf] xf] .
h:tf] ls pTklQ j]bflb zf:qx¿df n]lvPsf] 5, To:t} g} dfg, h;af6 O{Zj/n] hut\nfO{
agfpF5 . olb cfbdsf] leqsf] :j¿k hLj / aflx/ dg'iosf] ;b[z xf] eg] t To:t} O{Zj/sf] :j¿k
lsg xf]Og < lsgeg] ha cfbd O{Zj/sf] ;b[z aGof] eg] t O{Zj/ cfbdsf] ;b[z cjZo
x'g'kb{5 ..$..
d"n—%— ta k/d]Zj/ O{Zj/n] e"ldsf] w'nf]af6 cfbdnfO{ agfof] / p;sf] gy'gfdf hLjgsf]
Zjf; k'mSof] / cfbd hLjtf k|f0f eof] .. / k/d]Zj/ O{Zj/n] cbgdf k"j{lt/ Pp6f au}+rf nufof] /
To;df cfbd h;nfO{ klxn] agfPsf] lyof], To;df /fVof] .. / To; au}+rfsf] dWodf hLjgsf] j[If /
/fd|f g/fd|f 1fgsf] j[If e"ldaf6 pdf¥of] ..
 —tf}/]t -pTklQkj{÷cWofo @÷cfot &, *, (_ ..
;dLIfs— ha O{Zj/n] cbgdf au}+rf agfP/ To;df cfbdnfO{ /fVof] ta O{Zj/n] hfGb}gYof]
ls k'gM oxfFaf6 o;nfO{ lgsfNg kg]{5 < / ha O{Zj/n] cfbdnfO{ w'nf]af6 agfof] eg] t O{Zj/sf]
:j¿k ePg, / olb xf] eg] t O{Zj/ klg w'nf]af6 ag]sf] xf]nf < ha To;sf] gy'gfdf O{Zj/n] Zjf;
k'mSof] eg] t Tof] Zjf; O{Zj/sf] :j¿k lyof] jf leÌ < olb leÌ lyof] eg] t cfbd O{Zj/sf]
:j¿kdf ag]g . olb Ps xf] eg] t cfbd / O{Zj/ Psh:t} eP . olb Psh:t} x'g \ eg] t cfbdsf]
;b[z hGd, d/0f, j[l4, Ifo, t[iff cflb bf]if O{Zj/df cfof], k]ml/ Tof] O{Zj/ s;/L x'g ;Sb5 < To;}n]
of] tf}/]tsf] s'/f 7Ls ljlbt x'Fb}g / of] k':ts klg O{Zj/s[t xf]Og ..%..
d"n—^— / k/d]Zj/n] cfbdnfO{ ulx/f] lgb|fdf kf/] / Tof] ;'Tof], ta k/d]Zj/n] To;sf]
s/ªx¿af6 Pp6f lgsfn]/ To;df df;' el/lbof] .. / k/d]Zj/ O{Zj/n] To;} s/ªaf6 Pp6L gf/L
agfof] / cfbdsf] glhsdf Nofof] .. —tf}/]t -pTklQkj{÷cWofo @÷cfot @!, @@_ ..
;dLIfs— olb O{Zj/n] cfbdnfO{ w'nf]af6 agfof] eg] t p;sL :qLnfO{ w'nf]af6 lsg
agfPg < olb gf/LnfO{ x•Laf6 agfof] eg] t cfbdnfO{ lsg x•Laf6 agfPg < / h;/L g/af6
lg:sgfn] gf/L gfd eof] eg] t gf/Laf6 lgSn]/ g/ klg x'g'kb{5 . / pgdf k/:k/ k|]d klg /xf];\,
h;/L :qLsf] ;fy k'?ifn] k|]d u/f];\, To;/L g} :qLn] klg k'?ifsf] ;fy k|]d u/f];\ .
x]/ ljåfg\x¿ xf] Û O{Zj/sf] s:tf] kbfy{ljBf cyf{t\ …lkmnf];kmLÚ emNsG5 Û olb cfbdsf] Pp6f
s/ª lgsfn]/ gf/L agfof] eg] t ;a} dg'iosf] Pp6f s/ª lsg sDtL x'Fb}g < / :qLsf] z/L/df
Pp6fdfq s/ª x'g'kb{5, lsg ls Tof] Pp6f s/ªaf6 dfq} ag]sL 5 . s] h'g ;fdfu|Laf6 hut\nfO{
agfof], p;} ;fdfu|Laf6 :qLsf] z/L/nfO{ agfpg ;Sb}gYof] < To;}n] of] afOansf] ;[li6qmd
;[li6ljBfb]lv lj?4 5 ..^..
d"n—&— oxf]jf k/d]Zj/n] hlt ag}nf kz' agfPsf lyP, tL ;a}df ;k{ w"t{ lyof], / p;n]
:qL;Fu eGof], s] ;fFrf] xf], ls k/d]Zj/n] eg]sf], ls ltdLn] o; afl6sfsf] s'g} j[Ifsf] kmn
gvfg"F < .. :qLn] ;k{nfO{ egL, o; afl6sfsf] j[Ifsf] kmn xfdLn] vfg ;Sb5f}+ .. k/Gt' To; j[Ifsf]
kmn h'g au}+rfsf] dfemdf 5, O{Zj/n] eg]sf] 5 ls, ltdLn] To;nfO{ gvfFg" g 5'g", sxL+ o:tf] gxf];\
ls d/f}nf .. ta ;k{n] :qLnfO{ eGof] ls ltdLx¿ lgZro dg]{5}gf} .. lsgeg] O{Zj/nfO{ yfxf 5 ls
h'g lbg ltdLn] To;nfO{ vfg]5f} To;} lbgaf6 ltd|f] cfFvf v'Ng]5 / ltdL /fd|f] / g/fd|f]sf] klxrfg
ug{df O{Zj/s} ;dfg x'g hfg]5f} .. / ha :qLn] b]vL Tof] j[If vfgdf ;':jfb / b[li6df ;'Gb/ a'l4
lbgdf of]Uo 5 ta p;n] kmn l6k]/ vfO{ / cfˆgf] kltnfO{ klg lbO{, p;n] klg vfof] .. ta tL
b'O6}sf] cfFvf v'Nof] / b'j}n] hfg] ls xfdL gfË} 5f}+ ;f] pgLx¿n] c~hL/sf] kftnfO{ l;P/ cfˆgf
nflu cf]9\g] agfP ..
ta k/d]Zj/n] ;k{nfO{ eg] ls t}+n] h'g of] u/fO;\ o;sf] sf/0f tF ;f/f 3/]n' / x/ Ps
jgsf] kz'eGbf klg clws >flkt x'g]5;\, tF cfˆgf] k]6sf] ann] rNg]5;\ / cfˆgf] hLjge/L w'nf]
vfg]5;\ .. / d}n] tFdf / t]/L :qLdf / t]/f] j+zdf / p;sf] j+zdf j}/ agfpg]5', To;n] t]/f] lz/
s'Nrg]5 / t}+n] p;sf] s's'{Rrfdf 6f]Sg]5;\ .. / p;n] :qLnfO{ eGof] ls d}n] t]/f] kL8f /
ue{wf/0fnfO{ a9fOlbg]5', t}+n] kL8faf6 afnsnfO{ hGd lbg]5]; \ / t]/f] OR5f t]/f] kltdfly x'g]5 /
To;n] tFdfly k|e'tf ug]{5 . / p;n] cfbdnfO{ eGof] ls t}+n] cfˆgL kTgLsf] jrgnfO{ dflg;\ / h'g
j[Ifsf] kmn vfgsf] nflu d}n] jh{gf u/]sf] lyPF, t}+n] vfO;\, o;sf/0f e"ld t]/f] nflu >flkt 5,
cfˆgf] hLjge/L t}+n] To;sf] pkhnfO{ kL8fsf] ;fydf vfg]5;\ . / To;n] sfF8f / wfl/nf jg:klt
t]/f] nflu pdfg]{5 / t}+n] v]tsf] ;fu kft vfg]5;\ . .
—tf}/]t -pTklQkj{÷cWofo #÷cfot !–&, !$–!*_ ..
;dLIfs— olb O{;fO{x¿sf] O{Zj/ ;j{1 x'GYof] eg] t o; …w"t{ ;k{Ú cyf{t\ z}tfgnfO{ lsg
agfpFYof] < / olb agfPdf klg jxL O{Zj/ ck/fwsf] efuL x'G5, lsgeg] p;n] To; b'i6nfO{
agfpFb}gYof] eg] t To;n] lsg b'i6tf uYof]{ < / p;n] k"j{ hGd dfGb}g eg] t lagf ck/fw p;nfO{
kfkL lsg agfof] < / ;fFRr} egf}+ eg] t Tof] ;k{ lyPg lsGt' dg'io lyof] . lsgeg] dg'io x'Gy]g eg]
t dg'iosf] efiff s;/L af]Ng ;SbYof] <
/ hf] cfk"m e'm6f] / c¿nfO{ e'm6f]df rnfpF5 eg], To;}nfO{ z}tfg eÌ'kb{5 . ;f] oxfF z}tfg
;TojfbL lsg ls o;}n] p;n] To; :qLnfO{ axsfPg lsGt' ;fFrf] atfof] / O{Zj/n] cfbd / xAaf;Fu
e'm6 eGof] ls o;nfO{ vfgfn] ltdLx¿ dg]{5f} . ha Tof] j[If 1fgbftf / cd/ agfpg]jfnf lyof] eg]
t To;sf] kmn vfgdf lsg jh{gf ul/of] < / olb jlh{of] eg] t Tof] O{Zj/ e'm6f] / axsfpg]jfnf
7xl/of] . lsgeg] To; j[Ifsf kmn dg'iosf] nflu 1fg / ;'vsf/s lyP, c1fg / d[To'sf/s xf]Og .
ha O{Zj/n] kmn vfgsf] nflu lgif]w u¥of] eg] t, tL j[Ifsf] pTklQ s]sf] nflu u/]sf] lyof] <
olb cfˆgf] nflu u/]sf] xf] eg] t, s] cfk"m c1fgL / d[To'wd{jfnf lyof] < olb c¿sf] nflu agfPsf]
xf] eg] t vfFbfdf ck/fw x'g] ePg . / cfhef]ln s'g} klg j[If 1fgsf/s / d[To'lgjf/s b]Vgdf
kfOFb}g, s] O{Zj/n] To;sf] aLp klg gi6 ul/lbof] < o:tf] s'/faf6 dg'io 5nL–sk6L x'G5 eg] t
O{Zj/ lsg To:tf] ePg < lsgeg] h;n] bf];|f];Fu 5n–sk6 ub{5, Tof] 5nL–sk6L lsg ePg <
/ oL tLg} hgfnfO{ >fk lbof], Tof] lagf ck/fwsf] 5, k'gM Tof] O{Zj/ cGofosf/L klg eof] /
of] >fk O{Zj/nfO{ x'g'kg]{ lyof], lsgeg] p;n] e'm6f] af]Nof] / pgLx¿nfO{ axsfof] .
of] …lkmnf];kmLÚ x]/ Û s] lagf kL8fsf] ue{wf/0f / afnssf] hGd x'g ;SbYof] < / lagf >dsf]
s;}n] cfˆgf] hLljsf ug{;Sb5 < s] k|yd sfF8f cflbsf j[If lyPgg\ < / ha ;fu–kft vfg ;a}
dg'ionfO{ O{Zj/n] atfpgfn] plrt eof] eg] t h'g pQ/df df+; vfg afOandf n]lvof], Tof] e'm6f]
lsg ePg < / olb Tof] ;fFrf] xf] eg] t of] e'm6f] eof] .
ha cfbdsf] s]xL klg ck/fw l;4 x'Fb}g eg] t O{;fO{x¿ ;a} dg'ionfO{ cfbdsf] ck/fwaf6
;Gtfg x'Fbfv]l/ ck/fwL lsg eGb5g\ < enf o:tf] k':ts / o:tf] O{Zj/ slxNo} a'l4dfgLx¿nfO{ dfÌ
of]Uo x'g ;Sb5 < ..&..
d"n—*— / k/d]Zj/ O{Zj/n] eGof] ls x]/ Û cfbd /fd|f] g/fd|f]sf] 1fg kfP/ xfdLb]lv Pssf]
;dfg x'guof] / cab]lv o:tf] gxf];\ ls st} To;n] cfˆgf] xft a9fP/ hLjg j[Ifsf] kmn klg l6k]/
vfcf];\, / ;bf cd/ x'g hfcf];\ .. ;f] p;n] cfbdnfO{ lgsflnlbof] / cbgsf] au}+rfsf] k"j{lt/
s/f]aLd -/Ifs_ /fVof] . / rlDsnf] v8\u h'g rf/}lt/ 3'DbYof], h;n] hLjgsf] j[Ifsf] dfu{sf] /Iff
ub{Yof] .. —tf}/]t -pTklQkj{÷cWofo #÷cfot @@, @$_ ..
;dLIfs— enf Û O{Zj/nfO{ o:tf] O{iof{ / e|d lsg x'g uof] ls 1fgdf xfd|f] t'No eof] < s]
of] g/fd|f] s'/f] eof] < of] zÍf lsg eof] < lsgeg] O{Zj/sf] t'No slxNo} klg sf]xL x'g ;Sb}g .
k/Gt' o; n]vaf6 of] klg l;4 x'g ;Sb5 ls Tof] O{Zj/ lyPg, lsGt' Ps dg'io ljz]if lyof] .
afOandf hxfF sxL+ O{Zj/sf] s'/f] cfpF5 jxfF dg'iosf] t'No g} n]lvPsf] 5 .
ca x]g'{xf];\ Û cfbdsf] a9\bf] 1fgnfO{ b]v]/ O{Zj/ lsg b'MvL eof] / cd/ j[Ifsf] kmn vfgdf
slt O{iof{ u¥of], / k|yd ha To;nfO{ au}+rfdf /fVof] ta p;nfO{ eljiot\sf] 1fg lyPg ls k'gM
o;nfO{ lgsfNg kg]{5, To;}n] O{;fO{x¿sf] O{Zj/ ;j{1 lyPg . / rlDsnf] v8\usf] kx/f /fVof] of]
klg dg'iosf] sfd eof], O{Zj/sf] xf]Og, dnfO{ a8f] cfZro{ ePsf] 5 ls o:tf] u'0fjfnfnfO{
O{;fO{x¿n] O{Zj/ lsg dfGb5g\ < lsgeg] oL s'/fx¿ ;a} dg'iosf] :jefjdf 36\g ;Sb5g\, O{Zj/df
xf]Og ..*..
d"n—(— / sof}+ lbg k5fl8 o:tf] eof] ls sfOg e"ldsf] kmnx¿af6 k/d]Zj/sf] nflu e]6L
lnP/ cfof] .. / xflann] klg cfˆgf] ayfgaf6 e]8fsf kf7fx¿ nu]/ k/d]Zj/nfO{ lbof] / k/d]Zj/n]
p;sf] e]6Lsf] cfb/ u¥of] .. k/Gt' sfOg / p;sf] e]6Lsf] cfb/ u/]g, o;}n] sfOg clt s'lkt eof]
/ l/;fof] . ta k/d]Zj/n] ;f]Wof] ls tF lsg q"m4 ePsf] 5;\ / t]/f] cg'xf/df l/; b]lvPsf] 5 .
—tf}/]t -pTklQkj{÷cWofo $÷cfot #, $, %, ^_ ..
;dLIfs— olb O{Zj/ df+;fxf/L x'Fb}gYof] eg] t e]+8fsf] e]6L / xflansf] ;Tsf/ / sfOg tyf
p;sf] e]6Lsf] lt/:sf/ lsg ub{Yof] < o:tf] emu8f u/fpg] / xflansf] d[To'sf] sf/0f klg O{Zj/ g}
eof] / h;/L cfk;df dg'iox¿ Ps csf{;Fu s'/f ub{5g\, To:t} g} O{;fO{x¿sf O{Zj/sf] s'/f 5g\ .
au}+rfdf hfg'–cfpg', To;nfO{ agfpg' klg dg'iosf] sd{ xf] . o;af6 ljlbt x'G5 ls afOan
dg'ion] agfPsf] xf], O{Zj/n] xf]Og ..(..
d"n—!)— ta k/d]Zj/n] sfOg;Fu ;f]Wof]— t]/f] efO xflan sxfF 5 / To;n] eGof] dnfO{
yfxf 5}g, s] d cfˆgf] efOsf] rf}lsbf/ x"F .. ta p;n] ;f]Wof]— t}+n] s] ul/;\ < t]/f] efOsf] /utsf]
zAbn] e"ldaf6 dnfO{ k'sfb{5 .. / ca tF k[YjLb]lv >flkt eO;\======..
—tf}/]t -pTklQkj{÷cWofo $÷cfot (–!!_ ..
 ;dLIfs— s] O{Zj/n] sfOg;Fu ;f]w] lagf xflansf] xfn hfGb}gYof] / /utsf] zAbn] e"ldaf6
s;}nfO{ k'sfg{ ;Sb5 < oL ;a} s'/fx¿ cljåfg\x¿sf x'g\, o;}n] o; k':ts g O{Zj/ g t ljåfg\n]
agfPsf] x'g ;Sb5 ..!)..
d"n—!!— / xg"s dt'l;nxsf] pTklQsf] kl5 tLg ;o jif{;Dd O{Zj/sf] ;fy–;fy rNbYof]==..
—tf}/]t -pTklQkj{÷cWofo %÷cfot @@_ ..
;dLIfs— enf Û O{;fO{x¿sf] O{Zj/ dg'io x'Gy]g eg] t, xg"ssf] ;fy–;fy lsg rNYof] <
To;}n] hxfF j]bf]Qm, lg/fsf/, Jofks O{Zj/ 5, p;}nfO{ O{;fO{x¿n] dfg]df t pgLx¿sf] sNof0f
x'g]5 ..!!..
d"n—!@— / o:tf] eof] ls dfG5] k[YjLdf a9\g yfn] / pgLx¿af6 5f]/Lx¿ hlGdP .. ta
O{Zj/sf k'qx¿n] dg'iosf k'qLx¿nfO{ b]v] ls ltgLx¿ cToGt ;'Gb/L 5g\ / pgLx¿ dWo]df h;nfO{
dg k/fP pgLx¿l;t ljjfx u/] .. / Tolt j]nf k[YjLdf bfgjx¿ lyP / To;sf] kl5 klg ha
O{Zj/sf k'q dg'iosf k'qLx¿;Fu ldn] ta t pgLx¿af6 ;Gtfg pTkÌ eP hf] anjfg\ lyP, hf]
cufl8af6 gfdL lyP .. / O{Zj/n] b]Vof] ls dg'iosf b'i6tf k[YjLdf w]/} a9Øf] / pgsf dgsf] lrGtf
/ efjgf lbg–k|ltlbg g/fd|f] x'Fb} u}/x]sf] 5 .. ta k[YjLdf dfG5]nfO{ pTkÌ ugf{n] k/d]Zj/ k5'tfof]
/ clt zf]s eof] .. ta k/d]Zj/n] eGof] ls dfG5] h;nfO{ d}n] pTkÌ u/]+, dfG5]b]lv lnP/ kz';Dd
/ 3;|]/ lx+8\g] / cfsfzdf p8\g] kIfLx¿nfO{ k[YjLaf6 gi6 ug]{5' lsgeg] logLx¿nfO{ agfpgfn] d
k5'tfPsf] 5' .. —tf}/]t -pTklQkj{÷cWofo ^÷cfot !, @, $, &_ ..
;dLIfs— O{;fO{x¿nfO{ ;f]Wg'kb{5 ls O{Zj/sf k'qx¿ sf] x'g\ < / O{Zj/sL :qL, ;f;",
Zj;'/, ;fnf / ;DaGwL sf] x'g\ < lsgeg] ca t dfG5]sf 5f]/Lx¿;Fu ljjfx x'gfn] O{Zj/ logsf
;DaGwL aGof], / hlt pgLx¿af6 pTkÌ x'G5g\, tL k'q / k|kf}q eP . s] o:tf] s'/f O{Zj/ / O{Zj/sf]
k':tssf] x'g ;Sb5 < lsGt' of] l;4 x'G5 ls, tL hËnL dg'iox¿n] of] k':ts agfPsf x'g\ ..
Tof] O{Zj/ g} xf]Og hf] ;j{1 5}g, g t eljiot\sf] s'/f hfGb5, Tof] hLj xf] . s] ha ;[li6
u/]Yof] ta …cufl8 dg'io b'i6 x'g]5g\Ú o:tf] hfGb}gYof] < / k5'tfpg', clt zf]sflb x'g', e'nn] sfd
u/]kl5 k5'tfpg' cflb O{;fO{x¿sf O{Zj/df 36\g ;Sb5, j]bf]Qm O{Zj/df xf]Og . / o;af6 of] klg
l;4 x'G5 ls O{;fO{x¿sf O{Zj/ k"0f{ ljåfg\ of]uL klg lyPg, gq eg] zflGt / lj1fgn] clt
zf]sflbb]lv k[ys\ x'g ;SbYof] .
enf, kz'–kIfL klg b'i6 x'g uP Û olb Tof] O{Zj/ ;j{1 x'GYof] eg] t o:tf] ljiffbL lsg
x'GYof] < To;}n] g of] O{Zj/ / g t of] O{Zj/s[t k':ts x'g;Sb5 . h;/L j]bf]Qm k/d]Zj/ ;a} kfk,
Sn]z, b'Mv zf]sflbaf6 /lxt …;lRrbfgGb:j¿kÚ 5, p;nfO{ O{;fO{x¿n] dfGby] jf ca klg dfg]df t
cfˆgf] dg'io hGdnfO{ ;kmn ug{ ;Sb5g\ ..!@..
d"n—!#— To; 8'Fufsf] nDafO{ tLg ;o xft, rf}8fO{ krf; xft / prfO{ tL; xftsf] xf];\===..
tF 8'Fufdf hfg"F, tF / t]/f 5f]/f / t]/L kTgL / t]/f 5f]/fsL kTgLx¿ t]/f] ;fy .. / ;f/f z/L/x¿b]lv
hLjtf hGt' b'O{–b'O{ cfk"m;Fu 8'Fufdf n}hfg", h;af6 ltgLx¿ tF;u afFRb} /fv"g\, tL efn] / kf]yL
x'g]5g\ .. Ps–Ps hfltsf kIfL, / Ps–Ps hfltsf kz', / Ps–Ps hfltsf e"lddf 3;|]/ lx+8\g]jfnf,
;a}b]lv hf]8L–hf]8L tF;Fu cfpg]5g\ ls t}+n] pgLx¿nfO{ hLljt /fVg" .. / efFlt–efFltsf ef]Ho kbfy{
h'g vfg] ul/G5, To;nfO{ t}+n] lnP/ cfk"m;Fu hDdf ug"{ ;f] tFnfO{ / pgLx¿nfO{ ef]hgsf] nflu
x'g]5 .. k/d]Zj/sf] o; cf1fsf] cg';f/ g"xn] u¥of] .
—tf}/]t -pTklQkj{÷cWofo ^÷cfot !%, !*, !(, @), @!, @@_ ..
;dLIfs— enf sf]xL klg ljåfg\ o:tf] ljBfb]lv lj?4 c;Dej s'/fsf] jQmfnfO{ O{Zj/ dfÌ
;Sb5 < lsgeg] oqf] rf}8f / prfO{ 8'Fufdf xfQL–xfQLgL, pFm6–pFm6gL cflb s/f]8f}+ hGt' / pgsf
nflu vfg]–lkpg] rLhx¿, tL ;a} s'6'Dax¿ klg, c6fpg ;Sb5g\ < To;}n] of] dg'ios[t k':ts xf] .
h;n] of] n]v u/]sf] 5, Tof] ljåfg\ klg lyPg ..!#..
d"n—!$— / g"xn] k/d]Zj/sf] nflu Ps j]bL agfof] / ;f/f kljq kz' / x/ Ps k+5Lx¿af6
clnslt–clnslt lnP/ xf]dsf] e]6L To; j]bLdf r9fof] .. / k/d]Zj/n] ;'uGw ;'F£of] / k/d]Zj/n]
cfˆgf] dgdf eGof] ls dfG5]sf] nflu d k[YjLnfO{ k]ml/ slxNo} >fk lbg]5}g, o; sf/0fn] ls dfG5]sf]
dgsf] efjgf To;sf] afnssfnb]lv af6} h]–hlt pTkÌ x'G5 ;f] g/fd|f] g} x'g] ub{5, / h'g /Lltaf6
clxn] d}n] ;f/f hLjwf/Lx¿nfO{ df/]+, k]ml/ slxNo} dfg]{5}g ..
 —tf}/]t -pTklQkj{÷cWofo *÷cfot @), @!_ ..
;dLIfs— j]bL agfpg], xf]d ug]{ cflb n]vaf6 oxL l;4 x'G5 ls oL s'/fx¿ j]bx¿af6
afOandf uPsf x'g\ . s] k/d]Zj/sf] gfs klg 5 h;af6 ;'uGw ;'F£of] < s] of] O{;fO{x¿sf] O{Zj/
dg'iojt\ cNk1 xf]Og ls slxn] >fk lbG5 / slxn] k5'tfpF5, slxn] eGb5 >fk lbg] 5}g, klxn]
lbPsf] lyof] k]ml/ klg lbg]5 . k|yd ;a}nfO{ df¥of] / ca eGb5 ls slxNo} dfg]{5}g ÛÛÛ oL s'/fx¿
;a} aRkgfsf x'g\, O{Zj/sf] xf]Og, / g t s'g} ljåfg\sf] . lsgeg] ljåfg\sf] klg s'/f] / k|lt1f l:y/
x'G5 ..!$..
d"n—!%— / O{Zj/n] g"x / p;sf 5f]/fx¿nfO{ cfzLif lbof] / pgLx¿nfO{ eGof] ls===.. x/
Ps hLpFbf] rNbf] hGt' ltd|f] ef]hgsf] nflu x'g]5, d}n] xl/of] t/sf/Ls} ;dfg ;a} j:t' ltdLnfO{
lbPF .. k/Gt' df;'nfO{ k|f0f;d]t cyf{t\ To;sf] /ut ;d]t gvfg"F ..
—tf}/]t -pTklQkj{÷cWofo (÷cfot !, #, $_ ..
;dLIfs— s] Pp6fnfO{ k|f0fsi6 lbP/ bf];|fnfO{ cfgGb u/fpgfn] bofxLg O{;fO{x¿sf] O{Zj/
xf]Og < h'g dftf–lktfn] Pp6f 5f]/fnfO{ df/]/ csf{nfO{ VjfPdf t dxfkfkL x'Fb}gg\ < o;} k|sf/sf]
oxfF s'/f 5, lsgeg] O{Zj/sf] nflu ;a} k|f0fL k'qjt\ x'G5g\ . o:tf] gx'gfn] logsf] O{Zj/ s;fO{jt\
sfd ub{5 / ;a} dg'iox¿nfO{ lx+;s klg o;}n] agfPsf] 5 . To;}n] O{;fO{x¿sf] O{Zj/ lgb{oL x'gfn]
kfkL lsg ePg < ..!%..
d"n—!^— / ;f/f k[YjLdf Pp6} af]nL / Pp6} efiff lyof] .. k]ml/ pgLx¿n] eg] ls cfcf] xfdL
Pp6f gu/ / Pp6f u'Dd6 h;sf] 6'Kkf] :ju{;Dd k'uf];\ cfˆgf] nflu agfcf}+ / xfd|f] gfd /fvf}+, o:tf]
gxf];\ ls xfdL ;f/f k[YjLdf l5Ì–leÌ x'g k/f];\ .. ta k/d]Zj/ To; gu/ / To; u'Dd6 h;nfO{
cfbdsf ;Gtfgx¿n] agfpFb} lyP, x]g{sf] nflu plqof] .. ta O{Zj/n] eGof] ls x]/ Û logLx¿ Ps} 5g\
/ logLx¿ ;a}sf] af]nL Ps}vfn] 5, ca o:tf]–o:tf] ug{ yfNg]5g\ ls ;f] logLx¿n] h;df dg
nufpg]5g\, To;b]lv cnu ug{ ;lsg] 5}g .. cfpm xfdL plqcf}+ / logLx¿sf] efiffdf u8a8L
kfl/lbcf}+ h;af6 Ps bf];|fsf] af]nL a'‰g g;s"g\ .. ta k/d]Zj/n] pgLx¿nfO{ ToxfFb]lv ;f/f
k[YjLe/L l5Ì–leÌ kfl/lbof] / pgLx¿n] Tof] gu/ / u'Dd6 agfpgdf c;kmn /x] ..
—tf}/]t -pTklQkj{÷cWofo !!÷cfot !, $, %, ^, &, *_ ..
;dLIfs— ha ;f/f k[YjLdf Ps efiff / Ps af]nL lyof], To; ;dodf ;a} dg'iox¿nfO{
k/:k/ cToGt cfgGb k|fKt eof] xf]nf . k/Gt' s] ug{ ;lsG5, of] O{;fO{x¿sf] O{io{s O{Zj/n] ;a}sf]
efiffdf u8a8L kf/]/ ;a}sf] ;Tofgfz u¥of] . p;n] of] 7"nf] ck/fw u¥of] . s] of] z}tfgsf] sfd
eGbf klg 3l6of sfd xf]Og < / o;af6 oxL ljlbt x'G5 ls O{;fO{x¿sf] O{Zj/ r'lgGbf kxf8 cflbdf
/xGYof] / hLjx¿sf] pÌlt klg rfxFb}gYof] . of] lagf Ps cljåfg\sf] O{Zj/sf] s'/f] / of] O{Zj/f]Qm
k':ts s;/L x'g ;Sb5 < ..!^..
d"n—!&— ====ta p;n] cfˆgL kTgL ;f/};Fu eGof] ls x]/ d}n] hfGb5' ls tF b]Vgdf clt
;'Gb/ :qL 5];\ .. To;}n] o:tf] x'g]5 ls ha ld>Ln] tFnfO{ b]Vg]5g\ ta ltgLx¿n] eÌ]5g\ ls of]
To;sL :qL xf] / dnfO{ dfg]{5g\ k/Gt' tFnfO{ hLpFb} /fVg]5g\ . t}+n] eÌ" ls, d p;sL alxgL x"F,
h;sf/0f d]/f] enf x'g]5 / d]/f] k|f0f t]/f] x]t'af6 aRg]5 ..
—tf}/]t -pTklQkj{÷cWofo !@÷cfot !!, !@, !#_ ..
;dLIfs— ca x]g'{xf];\ Û h'g ca|fxd 7"nf] k}uDa/ O{;fO{ / d';ndfgx¿df aHb5 / To;sf
sd{ ldYofefiff0fflb 3l6of 5g\, / cfˆgL :qLsf] kfltj|To wd{ eË u/fP/ Jolerfl/0fL agfpFb5 .
enf Û h;sf o:tf k}uDa/ 5g\, ltgLx¿nfO{ ljBf jf sNof0fsf] dfu{ s;/L ldNg ;Sb5 < ..!&..
d"n—!*— / O{Zj/n] ca|fxdnfO{ eGof] ls tF / t]/f]kl5 t]/f] j+z pgLx¿sf] k':tfx¿df d]/f]
lgodnfO{ dfg"g\ .. tF d]/f] lgod h'g daf6 / tFaf6 / t]/f]k5fl8 t]/f] j+zaf6 x'G5 ltdLn] dfÌkb{5
ls ;f] of] xf] ls ltdLb]lv x/ Ps k'?ifsf] vtgM -lnËd'08R5b_ ul/of];\ . / ltdLn] cfˆgf]–cfˆgf]
z/L/sf] lnËsf] 6'Kkfsf] 5fnf sf6\g" / ltdLx¿ dWo]df of] lgodsf] lr x'g]5 . / ltd|f lk+9Lx¿df
x/ Ps cf7 lbgsf] k'?ifsf] vtgM ul/of];\, h'g t]/f] 3/df pTkÌ x'G5 cyjf h'g s'g} k/b]zLaf6
h'g t]/f] j+zsf] xf]Og, k};fn] lsg]/ lnOof];\ .. h'g t]/f] 3/df pTkÌ ePsf] xf];\ cyjf t}+n] lsg]sf]
xf];\, To;sf] cjZo vtgM ul/of];\ / d]/f] lgod ltd|f dfFemdf ;j{bf lgodsf] nflu x'g]5 .. /
cvtgM afns h;sf] lnËsf] 6'Kkfsf] 5fnf sfl6Psf] 5}g, ;f] k|f0fL cfˆgf hgx¿af6 5'§ØfOof]; \
ls p;n] d]/f] lgodnfO{ tf]8]sf] 5 ..
—tf}/]t -pTklQkj{÷cWofo !&÷cfot (, !), !!, !@, !#, !$_ ..
;dLIfs— ca x]g'{xf];\ O{Zj/sf] cGoyf cf1f Û ls olb of] vtgM ug{ O{Zj/nfO{ Oi6 x'GYof]
eg] t To; 5fnfnfO{ cflb–;[li6df agfpg] g} lyPg, / h'g of] agfOPsf] 5 Tof] /Iffy{sf] nflu xf],
h;/L cfFvfsf] k/]nf . lsgeg] Tof] u'Kt:yfg clt sf]dn x'G5, olb To;dfly 5fnf x'Fb}g eg] Pp6f
ls/fn] 6f]Sbf jf yf]/} dfq klg rf]6 nfUbf w]/} b'Mv x'G5 / lkzfa k]m/]kl5 s]xL d"qf+z n'ufdf
gnfuf];\, OToflbsf] nflu To;nfO{ sf6\g' g/fd|f] xf] / clxn] O{;fO{x¿n] o; cf1fnfO{ lsg kfngf
ub}{gg\ < of] cf1f ;bfsf] nflu xf], o;nfO{ gugf{n] O{;fsf] ;fIfL h'g ls …Joj:yfsf] k':tssf] Ps
laGb' klg e'm6f] xf]OgÚ, ldYof x'g uof] . o;sf] ;f]r–ljrf/ O{;fO{n] slQ klg ub}{gg\ ..!*..
d"n—!(— ta k/d]Zj/n] Oa|fxLd;Fu s'/f ug{ aGb u/]/ p;sf] glhsaf6 6fl9+b} O{Zj/
dflylt/ hfFb} /Xof] .. —tf}/]t -pTklQkj{÷cWofo !&÷cfot @@_ ..
;dLIfs— o;af6 oxL l;4 x'G5 ls O{Zj/ dgio jf kIfLjt\ lyof] hf] dflyaf6 tn /
tnaf6 dfly cfpg]–hfg] ub{Yof] . of] sf]xL OGb|hfnL k'?ifjt\ ljlbt x'G5 ..!(..
d"n—@)— Oa|fxLd dfd|]sf] d}bfgsf] aLr rsf]{ 3fdsf] ;do tDa"sf] åf/df a;]sf] lyof], ta
oxf]jfn] p;nfO{ bz{g lbof] .. / p;n] cfFvf vf]n]/ b[li6 nufpFbf t s] b]Vof] eg], tLg k'?if p;sf]
;fd'Ì] plePsf 5g\, ha p;n] ltgLx¿nfO{ b]Vof] ta p;n] ltgLx¿nfO{ e]6\gsf] nflu tDa"sf]
åf/af6 bf}l8of], / e"lddf lgx'/]/ b08jt\ u¥of] / eGof] .. x] k|e', olb ddfly t]/f] cg'u|xsf] b[li6 5
eg] t ljGtL ub{5' ls cfˆgf] bf;nfO{ 5f]8]/ ghfFg'xf];\ .. OR5f 5 eg] yf]/} hn NofpF5' r/0f
kvfNg'xf];\ / j[Ifsf] tn lj>fd ug'{xf];\ .. / d Ps 6'qmf /f]6L lnP/ cfpF5' tkfO{+ t[Kt x'g'xf];\, To;
k5fl8dfq} cufl8 a9\g'xf]nf, lsgeg] tkfO{+ o;}sf] nflu d bf;sxfF cfpg'ePsf] xf], ta pgn] eg]
h:tf] t}+n] eg]sf] 5;\ To:t} ug"{ .. / Oa|fxLdn] tDa"df ;f/f;Fu k"mtL{n] uP/ eGof] ls tLg gk'jf
kL7f] lnP/ d'5]/ /f]6L ksf .. / Oa|fxLd ufO{ uf]?sf] ayfglt/ bf}l8of], / Ps sf]dn / /fd|f] afR5f]
NofP/ cfˆgf] ;]jsnfO{ lbof], / p;n] To;nfO{ k"mtL{;fy ksfof] . ta To;n] gf}gL, b"w / Tof] afR5f],
h'g p;n] ksfPsf] lyof], NofP/ pgsf] cufl8 kl:slbof] / cfk"m pgsf];fy j[Ifsf] tn pleof], /
pgLx¿n] vfg nfu] .. —tf}/]t -pTklQkj{÷cWofo !*÷cfot !, @, #, $, %, ^, &, *_ ..
;dLIfs— ca x]g'{xf];\ ;Hhgx¿ xf] Û h;sf] O{Zj/n] afR5fsf] df;' vfG5, To;sf pkf;sn]
ufO{–afR5f cflb lsg 5f]8\g]+ < h;nfO{ s'g} bof 5}g, df;' vfgdf cft'/ /xFg], Tof] lagf lx+;s
dg'iosf] csf]{ x'g ;Sb}g <
/ O{Zj/sf] ;fydf c¿ b'O{ hgf dg'io ghfg] sf] lyP < o;af6 ljlbt x'G5 ls hËnL
dg'iox¿sf] Ps d08nL lyof], pgLx¿df hf] k|wfg lyof] To;}sf] gfd afOandf O{Zj/ /fv] xf]nfg\ .
log} s'/fx¿n] a'l4dfgLx¿ logsf] k':tsnfO{ O{Zj/s[t dfÌ ;Sb}gg\, g t o:tfnfO{ O{Zj/ dfÌ
;Sb5g\ ..@)..
d"n—@!— / k/d]Zj/n] Oa|fxLd;Fu eGof] ls ;f/fn] lsg o:tf] eg]/ d':s'/fOg\ ls d a'9L
e};s]+ ;fFRr} afns hGdfpg ;S5' .. s] k/d]Zj/sf] nflu s'g} s'/f] c;fWo 5 < lgot ;dodf,
cyf{t\ j;Gt Ct'df, d tF;Fu k]ml/ cfpg]5', / ;f/fsf] k'q pTkÌ x'g]5 ..
—tf}/]t -pTklQkj{÷cWofo !*÷cfot !#, !$_ ..
;dLIfs— ca x]g'{xf];\ ls s]–s] O{;fO{x¿sf] O{Zj/sf] nLnf Û hf] s]6f jf :qLx¿sf] ;dfg
lrl9G5 / tfgf dfb{5 ÛÛÛ ..@!..
d"n—@@—ta k/d]Zj/n] cfk"mlt/af6 ;bf]d / cdf]/df cfsfzaf6 uGws / cfuf] jiff{of] .. /
tL gu/x¿df ;f/f d}bfg / ;f/f gu/ lgjf;Lx¿nfO{ / h]–hlt e"lddf pld|Psf] lyof] ;a} pN6f]
kf/]/ gi6 ul/lbof] . —tf}/]t -pTklQkj{÷cWofo !(÷cfot @$, @%_ ..
;dLIfs— ca of] klg nLnf afOansf] O{Zj/sf] x]g'{xf];\ ls h;nfO{ afns cflbdfly klg
s]xL bof cfPg Û s] tL ;a} ck/fwL lyP, ;a}nfO{ e"ld pN6ØfP/ bafP/ df¥of] < of] Gofo, bof /
ljj]sb]lv lj?4 5 . h;sf] O{Zj/n] o:tf] sfd ub{5 eg] To;sf] pkf;sn] lsg gug]{ < ..@@..
d"n—@#— cfcf] xfdLn] xfd|f] lktfnfO{ bfv /; lkofpFm / pgsf] ;fydf zog u/f}+ tfls
xfdLn] cfˆgf] lktfsf] j+z arfcf}+ .. ta pgLx¿n] To; /ft cfˆgf] lktfnfO{ bfv /; lkofP / 7"nL
5f]/L uO{ / cfˆgf] lktfsf] ;fydf zog u/L====.. xfdLn] p;nfO{ cfh /flt klg bfv /; lkofpg]5f}+,
alxgL tF uP/ zog u/====.. ;f] n"tsL b'O6} 5f]/Lx¿ cfˆgf lktfaf6 ule{0fL eP====..
—tf}/]t -pTklQkj{÷cWofo !(÷cfot #@, ##, #$, #^_ ..
;dLIfs— x]g'{xf];\ Û ha lktf–k'qL klg h'g dBkfgsf] gzfdf s'sd{ ug{af6 aFRg ;s]gg\,
o:tf] b'i6 dBnfO{ hf] sf]xL O{;fO{ cflbn] lkpF5g\, pgLx¿sf] 3l6ofkgsf] s] kf/fjf/ 5 < To;}n]
;Hhgx¿n] dBnfO{ lkpgsf] nflu gfd klg lng'x'Fb}g ..@#..
d"n—@$— / cfk"mn] eg] cg';f/ k/d]Zj/n] ;f/f;Fu e]6 u/]/ cfˆgf] jrgs} cg';f/ ;f/fsf]
ljifodf u/] . / ;f/f ule{0fL eO{====.. —tf}/]t -pTklQkj{÷cWofo @!÷cfot !, @_ ..
;dLIfs— ca ljrf/ ug'{xf];\ ls ;f/fnfO{ e]6]/ ue{jtL agfP, of] sfd s;/L eof] < s] lagf
k/d]Zj/ / ;f/fsf] t];|f] sf]xL ue{:yfkgsf] sf/0f b]lvG5 < o:tf] ljlbt x'G5 ls ;f/f k/d]Zj/sf]
s[kfaf6 ue{jtL agL ..@$..
d"n—@%— ta Oa|fxLdn] a8f] l56f] p7]/ /f]6L / Ps 5fnfsf] y}nf]df hn lnP/ xflh/fsf]
sfFwdf /flvlbP, / 5f]/f klg p;}nfO{ ;'Dk]/ labf u/] .. ha y}nfsf] hn l/lQof] p;n] To; 5f]/fnfO{
a]z]af{sf] hËnsf] emf8Lsf] tn xflnlbO{ .. / pm To;sf] ;fd'Ì] a;]/ lrRofpFb} /f]O{ .. k/d]Zj/n]
To;afnssf] cfjfh ;'g]====.. —tf}/]t -pTklQkj{÷cWofo @!÷cfot !$, !%, !^, !&_ ..
;dLIfs— ca x]g'{xf];\ Û O{;fO{x¿sf O{Zj/sf] nLnf, ls k|yd t ;f/fnfO{ kIfkft u/]/
xflh/fnfO{ jxfFaf6 lgsflnlbof], / lrRofpFb}–lrRofpFb} /f]O{ xflh/f / zAb ;'Gof] 5f]/fsf], of] s:tf]
cb\e'tsf] s'/f xf] < of] o:tf] eof] xf]nf ls O{Zj/nfO{ e|d eof] xf]nf ls of] afns g} ?G5 . enf of]
O{Zj/ / O{Zj/sf] k':tssf] s'/f slxNo} x'g;Sb5 lagf ;fwf/0f dg'iosf] jrgsf] < o; k':tsdf
yf]/} s'/f ;Tosf], / afFsL s'/f c;f/ el/Psf] 5 ..@%..
d"n—@^— oL s'/fx¿sf] kZrft\ o:tf] eof] ls O{Zj/n] Oa|fxLdnfO{ eg]/ p;sf] k/LIff lnof],
p;n] eGof] x]/ Oa|fxLd d oxfF 5' .. p;n] eGof] tF cfˆgf] Pp6f dfq} 5f]/f] O;fxs h;nfO{ t}+n] w]/}
dfof ub{5;\, lnP/ p;nfO{ df]l/øofx b]zdf hf, / To;nfO{ Pp6f kxf8sf] dflyaf6 d}n] atfpg]5'
xf]daln u/]/ r9fOb] .. / cfˆgf] 5f]/f O;fxsnfO{ afFw]/ To; j]bLsf] sf7dfly /fVof] .. / Oa|fxLdn]
5'/L lnP/ cfˆgf] 5f]/fnfO{ 3ft ug{sf] nflu xft a9fof] .. ta k/d]Zj/sf b"tx¿n] :ju{af6 k'sf/]
ls Oa|fxLd–Oa|fxLd .. cfˆgf] xft 5f]/fsf] ub{gdf ga9f / To;nfO{ s]xL klg gug"{ lsgeg] ca d}n]
hfg] ls tF O{Zj/b]lv 8/fpF5;\ .. —tf}/]t -pTklQkj{÷cWofo @@÷cfot !, @, (, !), !!, !@_ ..
;dLIfs— ca :ki6 eof] of] afOansf] O{Zj/ cNk1 xf], ;j{1 xf]Og . / Oa|fxLd klg Pp6f
ef]nf dg'io lyof], gq eg] t o:tf] r]i6f lsg ub{Yof] < O{Zj/ ;j{1 x'GYof] eg] t lsg u/fpFYof] /
p;sf] eljiot\ >4fnfO{ klg ;j{1tfaf6 lsg hfGb}g < ..@^..
d"n—@&— x] xfd|f k|e', xfd|f] ;'gM tF t xfd|f] aLrdf 7"nf] k|wfg xf];\Ù ;f] xfd|f] sa/ -lrxfg_
b]lv h;nfO{ t}+n] rfxG5;\ p;df cfˆgf] d'bf{nfO{ uf8\g'Ù xfdL dWo]af6 s;}n] klg tFnfO{ sa/
-lrxfg_ lngsf] nflu /f]Sg] 5}gf}+, ls t}+n] cfˆgf] d'bf{nfO{ p;df uf8\g gkfP ..
—tf}/]t -pTklQkj{÷cWofo @#÷cfot ^_ ..
;dLIfs— d'bf{x¿ uf8\gfn] ;+;f/sf] 7"nf] xflg x'G5, lsgeg] Tof] ;8]/ jfo'nfO{ b'u{Gwdo u/]/
/f]u k}mnfpF5 .
k|Zg— x]/ Û hf];Fu k|Llt x'G5 p;nfO{ hnfpg' /fd|f] s'/f] xf]Og, / uf8\g' cyf{t\ ;'tfOlbg' xf],
o;}n] uf8\g' /fd|f] x'G5 .
pQ/— olb d[ts;Fu k|Llt ub{5f} eg] t cfˆg} 3/df lsg /fVb}gf} < / uf8\b5f} klg lsg <
h'g hLjfTdf;Fu k|Llt lyof] Tof] t lg:s]/ uof], ca b'u{Gwdo df6f];Fu s]sf] k|Llt < / olb k|Llt
ub{5f} eg] t To;nfO{ k[YjLdf lsg uf8\b5f}, lsgeg] s;}n] s;}nfO{ egf];\ ls tFnfO{ e"lddf
ufl8lbg]5f}+ ta To;n] ;'g]/ k|;Ì slxNo} x'Fb}g . To;sf] d'v, cfFvf / z/L/df w'nf], 9'Ëf, O{+6f, r"gf
xfNg', 5ftLdf 9'Ëf /fVg' s'grflx+ k|Lltsf] sfd xf] <
/ ;Gb"sdf xfn]/ uf8\gfn] w]/} b'u{Gw k[YjLdf k}mlnP/ jfo'nfO{ lauf/]/ bf?0f /f]uf]TklQ
u/fpFb5 .
 bf];|f] Ps d'bf{sf] nflu yf]/}df klg ^ xft nfdf] / $ xft rf}8fO{ e"ld rflxG5 . o;} lx;fan]
;o, xhf/, jf nfv cyjf s/f]8f}+ dg'iosf] nflu slt e"ld Joy{df /f]lsg hfG5 . g Tof] v]t, g
au}+rf / g t a:gof]Uo g} sfddf cfpF5, To;}n] ;a} eGbf g/fd|f] uf8\g' xf] .
To; eGbf s]xL g/fd|f] hndf 5f]8\g' xf], lsgeg] To;nfO{ hnhGt'n] plQv]/} n'5]/ vfg]5g\
k/Gt' h]–hlt xf8vf]/ jf dn hndf /xg]5, Tof] klg ;8]/ hut\nfO{ b'Mvbfos x'g]5 .
To; eGbf yf]/} /fd|f] hËndf 5f]8\g' xf] . lsgeg] To;nfO{ df+;fxf/L kz'–kIfLn] n'5]/ vfg]5g\
tyflk To;sf xf8vf]/n] hlt b'u{Gw x'G5, hut\sf] cg'ksf/ g} x'G5 .
/ hnfpg] sfd rflx+ ;jf]{Qd xf] lsgeg] To;sf ;a} kbfy{ c0f' ag]/ jfo'df p8]/ hfG5g\ .
k|Zg— s] d'bf{sf] w'jfFdf b'u{Gw x'Fb}g < hnfpgfn] klg b'u{Gw t x'G5 g} .
pQ/— xf] Û olb cljlwaf6 hnfPdf t yf]/} x'g ;Sb5, k/Gt' uf8\g] cflb eGbf yf]/} x'G5 . /
h'g ljlwk"j{s h;/L j]bdf n]lvPsf] 5— j]bL d'bf{sf] tLg xft ulx/f], ;f9] tLg xft rf}8f, kfFr xft
nfdf], lk+wdf 8]9 aLQf cyf{t\ cfjZostfg';f/ vg]/ z/L/sf] a/fa/ £o", To;df Ps ;]/df /QLe/
s:t'/L, df;fe/ s]z/ xfn]/ yf]/} eGbf yf]/} cfwf dg rGbg, clws hlt x'g ;Sb5 lnP/, cu/,
tu/, sk"/ cflb / knfz cflbsf] bfp/f j]bLdf hDdf u/]/, To;dfly d'bf{ /fv]/ k'g rf/}lt/ dfly
j]bLsf] d'vaf6 Ps aLQf;Dd e/]/ To; £o"sf] cfx'lt lbP/ hnfpgsf] nflu n]lvPsf] 5, o;
k|sf/af6 bfx u/]df t slQ klg b'u{Gw x'Fb}g lsGt' o;}sf] gfd cGTo]li6, g/d]w, k'?ifd]w o1 xf] .
/ hf] bl/b| 5g\ eg] t aL; ;]/ eGbf yf]/} £o" lrtfdf gxfNg], rfx] Tof] eLs dfUg] jf
hfltjfnfn] lbg] cyjf /fhfaf6 ldNgfn] k|fKt xf];\ k/Gt' p;} k|sf/ bfx ug'{ . / olb £o" gldn]df
s'g} k|sf/n] klg uf8\g' eGbf d[tsnfO{ bfp/fn] hnfpg g} pQd x'G5, lsgeg] Ps ljZjfe/ e"lddf
cyjf Ps j]bLdf nfvf}+–s/f]8f}+ d[ts hNg ;Sb5g\, e"ld klg uf8\g] hlt lau|Fb}g / sa/ -lrxfg_
nfO{ b]Vgfn] klg eo x'G5, o;}n] uf8\g cflb ;j{yf lglif4 5 ..@&..
d"n—@*— wGo xf] d]/f :jfdL Oa|fxLdsf k/d]Zj/ oxf]jf, h;n] d]/f] :jfdLnfO{ cfˆgf] bof /
cfˆgf] ;RrfO{ lagf 5f]8]g, k/d]Zj/n] dnfO{ 7Ls dfu{df rnfP/ d]/f :jfdLsf efO aGw'x¿sf
3/lt/ k'¥ofOlbP .. —tf}/]t -pTklQkj{÷cWofo @$÷cfot @&_ ..
;dLIfs— s] Tof] Oa|fxLdsf] g} O{Zj/ lyof] < / h;/L cfhef]ln a]uf/L jf cu'jfO{ cyf{t\
cufl8–cufl8 lx+8]/ dfu{ b]vfpF5g\ tyf O{Zj/n] klg u¥of] eg] t cfhef]ln lsg b]vfpFb}g < /
dg'iox¿;Fu lsg s'/f ub}{g < o;}n] o:tf O{Zj/ jf O{Zj/sf k':ts klg slxNo} x'g ;Sb}g lsGt'
hËnL dg'iosf] xf] ..@*..
d"n—@(— OZdfPnsf 5f]/fx¿sf] gfd oL x'g\– h]7f] k'q gafof]t, k]ml/ s]bf/, cb\a]n,
lda;fd .. ldZdf, b"df, d:;f .. xb/, t]df, ot"/, gkmLz / s]bdf ..
—tf}/]t -pTklQkj{÷cWofo @%÷cfot !#, !$, !%_ ..
;dLIfs— of] OZdfPn Oa|fxLdaf6 p;sL xflh/f bf;Llt/af6 k'q eP/ hGd]sf] lyof], o;}sf]
j+z d';ndfg ePsf x'g\ . ta g} bf;L k'q x'gfn] d';ndfgx¿ a8f] v'zfdbL x'G5g\ ..@(..
d"n—#)— ====d}n] t]/f] lktfsf] ?lrsf] ;dfg :jflbi6 ef]hg agfpg]5' .. / t}+n] lktfnfO{ nu]/
lbg' h;nfO{ p;n] vfP/ cfk"m dg{ eGbf cufl8 tFnfO{ cfzLif lbg]5g\ .. / l/asfn] 3/af6 cfˆgf]
h]7f] k'q P];fjsf] /fd|f] n'uf lnP/ cfˆgf] ;fgf] 5f]/f] ofs"anfO{ klx/fof] .. / afv«fsf] kf7fsf] 5fnf
p;sf] xftdf / 3fF6Ldf a]¥of] .. ta ofs"an] cfˆgf] lktf;Fu eGof] ls d t tkfO{+sf] h]7f] 5f]/f] P];fj
x"F, tkfO{+n] eg] adf]lhd d}n] u/]sf] 5', cfpg'xf];\ p7]/ a:g'xf];\ / d]/f] xl/0fsf] df;' vfg'xf];\,
h;af6 tkfO{+sf] k|f0fn] dnfO{ cfzLif b]cf];\ ..
—tf}/]t -pTklQkj{÷cWofo @&÷cfot (, !), !%, !^, !&, !(_ ..
;dLIfs— x]g'{xf];\ Û o:tf] e'm6–sk6af6 cfzLjf{b lnP/ kZrft\ l;4 / k}uDa/ aGb5g\, s] of]
cfZro{sf] s'/f] xf]Og < / o:tf O{;fO{x¿sf cu'jf ePsf 5g\ k'gM logsf] dtsf] u8a8df s] Go"gtf
xf];\ < ..#)..
d"n—#!— / ofs"a laxfg} l56f] p7]/ To; 9'Ëf h;nfO{ p;n] l;/fgL agfPsf] lyof] lnP/
vfFaf] 78Øfof] / To;sf] 6'Kkfdf t]n xfNof] .. / To; :yfgsf] gfd a}tPn /fVof]====.. / of] 9'Ëf h'g
d}n] vfFaf] h:tf] 78ØfPsf] 5' O{Zj/sf] 3/ x'g]5====..
—tf}/]t -pTklQkj{÷cWofo @*÷cfot !*, !(, @@_ ..
 ;dLIfs— ca x]g'{xf];\ hËnLx¿sf] sfd Û logLx¿n] 9'Ëf k"h] / c¿nfO{ k"hfP / o;nfO{
d';ndfgx¿n] …a}tPnd's2;Ú eGb5g\ . s] oxL 9'Ëf] O{Zj/sf] 3/ / p;} kfiff0fdfqdf O{Zj/
/xGYof] < jfx–jfx Û s] egf}+ O{;fO{x¿ xf] Û dxfa'Tk/:t t ltdLx¿ g} xf} ..#!..
d"n—#@— / O{Zj/n] /fx]nsf] :d/0f u¥of] / O{Zj/n] p;sf] ;'Gof] / p;sf] sf]v vf]Nof] .. /
Tof] ule{0fL eO{ / 5f]/f kfO{ . —tf}/]t -pTklQkj{÷cWofo #)÷cfot @@, @#_ ..
;dLIfs— jfx–jfx O{;fO{x¿sf O{Zj/ Û slt 7"nf] 8fS6/ xf] Û :qLx¿sf] sf]v vf]Ngsf] nflu
s'grflx+ z:q jf cf}iflw lyof] h;af6 vf]Nof], oL ;a} s'/f cGwfw'Gwsf x'g\ ..#@..
d"n—##— k/Gt' O{Zj/ cf/fdL nfafgsf] :jKgdf /ftsf] cfof] / p;nfO{ eGof] ls ;fjwfg
/xg', t}+n] ofs"anfO{ /fd|f] g/fd|f] geÌ" .. lsgeg] tF cfˆgf] lktfsf] 3/sf] a8f] clenfifL xf]; \, t}+n] s]
sf/0fn] d]/f b]jtfx¿nfO{ rf]/L ul/;\ .. —tf}/]t -pTklQkj{÷cWofo #!÷cfot @$, #)_ ..
;dLIfs— of] d}n] gd"gf n]Vb}5', xhf/f}+ dg'iox¿sf] :jKgdf cfof]Ù s'/f u¥of], hfu[t ;fIfft\
ldNof]Ù vfof]–lkof], cfof]–uof] cflb afOandf n]lvPsf] 5 k/Gt' clxn] ghfg] Tof] 5 ls 5}g <
lsgeg] clxn] s;}nfO{ :jKg jf hfu[tdf klg O{Zj/ ldNb}g / of] klg ljlbt eof] ls oL hËnLx¿
kfiff0fflb d"lt{x¿nfO{ b]jtf dfg]/ k"Hby] . k/Gt' O{;fO{x¿sf O{Zj/n] klg 9'ËfnfO{ g} b]jtf dfGb5,
gq eg] t b]jtfx¿nfO{ rf]g'{ eÌ] s'/f s;/L 36\g ;Sb5 < ..##..
d"n—#$— / ofs"a cfˆgf] dfu{df lx+8Øf] / O{Zj/sf b"tx¿n] cfP/ p;nfO{ e]6] .. / ofs"an]
pgLx¿nfO{ b]v]/ eGof] ls oL O{Zj/sf bn -;]gf_ x'g\ ..
—tf}/]t -pTklQkj{÷cWofo #@÷cfot !, @_ ..
;dLIfs— ca O{;fO{x¿sf] O{Zj/ dg'io x'gdf slQ klg ;+lbUw /x]g, lsgeg] O{Zj/;Fu ;]gf
klg 5 . / ;a} z:q klg xf]nfg\ tyf s;};Fu n8fO{+–emu8f klg x'G5 xf]nfÙ gq eg] t ;]gf /fVgsf]
s] k|of]hg 5 < ..#$..
d"n—#%— / ofs"a PSn} /xg uof] jxfF ld/ld/] pHofnf];Dd Ps hgf;Fu p;n] dNno'4 ub}{
/Xof] .. / ha To;n] b]Vof] ls d ofs"adfly k|an x'g ;lsg ta p;sf] ;fFk|fsf] leqL g;fnfO{
5f]of], ;f] ofs"asf] ;fFk|fsf] g;f p;;Fu n8\bfn8\b} g} r9Øf] .. ta p;n] eGof] ls dnfO{ hfg b],
lsgeg] pHofnf] x'g nflu;Sof], ofs"an] eGof] ha;Dd t}+n] dnfO{ cfzLif lb+b}g;\ ta;Dd d hfg
lbÌ .. / p;n] ofs"a;Fu ;f]Wof], t]/f] gfd s] xf] < p;n] eGof] ofs"a .. p;n] eGof] ca t]/f] gfd
ofs"a xf]Og, k/Gt' O;|fPn x'g]5, lsgeg] tF k/d]Zj/;Fu / dg'iol;t klg o'4 u/]/ k|an ePsf]
5;\ .. ta ofs"an] eGof] ls d}n] ljGtL ub{5' ls ltd|f] gfd s] xf] dnfO{ eg, p;n] eGof] d]/f] gfd
lsg ;f]W5;\ < ta p;n] ofs"anfO{ cfzLjf{b lbof] . / ofs"an] To; :yfgsf] gfd kg"Pn /fVof],
lsgeg] d}n] O{Zj/nfO{ k|ToIf b]v]+ / d]/f] k|f0f ar]sf] 5 .. / ha pm Tof] kgLPnb]lv 6f9f x'Fb} uof]
;"o{sf] Hof]lt p;dfly k¥of] / pm ;fFk|fn] nË8fO/x]sf] lyof] . o;}n] O;|fPnsf j+z To; ;fFk|fsf] g;f
h'g rflx+ r9]sf] lyof] cfh;Dd klg vfFb}gg\ lsgeg] p;n] ofs"asf] ;fFk|fsf] g;f h'g r9]sf] lyof],
5f]Psf] lyof] .. —tf}/]t -pTklQkj{÷cWofo #@÷cfot @$–#@_ ..
;dLIfs— ha O{;fO{x¿sf] O{Zj/ cvf8dNn xf] ta g} t ;f/f / /fx]ndfly k'q x'g] s[kf
u¥of], enf of] slxNo} O{Zj/ x'g ;Sb5 < s]jn afnskgsf] nLnf xf] . c¿ x]/ nLnf Û Pp6fn] gfd
;f]W5 t csf]{n] atfpFb}g < / O{Zj/n] p;sf] gf8L t r9fOlbof] / lhtfOlbof] k/Gt' olb 8fS6/
x'GYof] eg] t hfF3sf] gf8L klg 7Ls ul/lbg] lyof] . / o:tf] O{Zj/sf] elQmb]lv h'g ls ofs"a
nË8fO/fVof] eg] t c¿ eQm klg nË8fpF5g\ xf]nf . ha O{Zj/nfO{ k|ToIf b]Vof] / dNno'4 u¥of], of]
s'/f] lagf z/L/ ge}sg s;/L x'g ;Sb5 < of] s]jn n8skgsf] nLnf xf] ..#%..
d"n—#^— ====O{Zj/sf] d'v b]Vof]====.. —tf}/]t -pTklQkj{÷cWofo ##÷cfot !)_ ..
;dLIfs— ha O{Zj/sf] d'v 5 eg] t c¿ klg cjoj xf]nfg\ / Tof] hGd–d/0fjfnf klg
xf]nf ..#^..
d"n—#&— / ox"bfxsf] h]7f] 5f]/f] P/dfly k/d]Zj/sf] b[li6df b'i6 lyof] ;f] k/d]Zj/n] p;nfO{
dfl/lbof] .. ta ox"bfxn] cf]gfg;Fu eGof] ls cfˆgL efph";Fu hf / p;Fu ljjfx u/ / cfˆgf] bfOsf]
j+z rnf .. / cf]gfgn] eGof] ls of] j+z t d]/f] x'g]5}g / o:tf] eof] ls pm efph"l;t hfFbf jLo{nfO{
e"lddf v;flnlbof]====.. / p;sf] of] sfo{ k/d]Zj/sf] b[li6df g/fd|f] lyof] o;}n] p;nfO{ klg
dfl/lbof] .. —tf}/]t -pTklQkj{÷cWofo #*÷cfot &, *, (, !), !!_ ..
 ;dLIfs— ca x]g'{xf];\ Û of] dg'iosf] sfd xf] ls O{Zj/sf] < ha p;sf] ;fydf lgof]u eof] t
p;nfO{ lsg dfg]{ < p;sf] a'l4nfO{ z'4 lsg ul/Pg < / j]bf]Qm lgof]u klg k|yd ;j{q rNbYof] . of]
lgZro eof] ls lgof]usf] s'/f ;j{q rn]sf] lyof] ..#&..
ofqfsf] k':ts -tf}/]t_ -!#=@=@_
d"n—#*— tL lbgx¿df o:tf] x'g uof] ls ha d";f hjfg eof], / aflx/ cfˆgf efO
aGw'x¿sxfF uP/ pgLx¿sf] b'Mvdfly b[li6 ug{ yfNof]Ù ta p;n] b]Vof], ls s'g} ld;|L dfG5]n] d]/f]
Pp6f Oa|L efOnfO{ lkl6/fv]sf] 5 .. ta p;n] otf–ptf b[li6 nufof] / b]Vof] ls sf]xL klg 5}g ta
To; ld;|LnfO{ df/]/ afn'jfdf k'l/lbof] .. k]ml/ bf];|f] lbg aflx/ hfFbf p;n] b]Vof] ls b'O{ hgf Oa|L
k'?if cfk;df df/lk6 ul//fv]sf 5g\Ù p;n] ck/fwL;Fu eGof], t}+n] cfˆgf] efOnfO{ lsg lk6\b}5;\ <
To;n] eGof], s;n] tFnfO{ xfdLdfly xflsd / Gofo 7x/fof] < h'g tl/sfn] t} +n] ld;|Lsf] xTof ul/;\
To;/L g} t}+n] dnfO{ klg 3ft ug{ rfxG5;\ < ta d";f of] ;f]r]/ 8/fof], ls lgZro To; s'/fnfO{
logLx¿n] yfxf kfO;s] .. ha lkm/f}gn] of] s'/f ;'g] ta d";fsf] xTof ug{sf] nflu o'lQm u/] . ta
d";f lkm/f}gsf] cufl8af6 t'?Gt} efUof], / ldBofg b]zdf uP/ a:g yfNof]Ù / Tof] jxfF Pp6f s'jfsf]
glhs} a:of] .. —tf}/]t -ofqfkj{÷cWofo @÷cfot !!, !@, !#, !$, !%_ ..
;dLIfs— ca x]g'{xf];\ Û o:tf] sd{ ug]{jfnf d";f k}uDa/ aÌ uof] . h'g afOansf] d'Vo
l;4stf{ dtsf] cfrfo{ d";f ls h;sf] rl/q qmf]wflb u'0fx¿n] o'Qm, dg'iosf] xTof ug]{jfnf /
rf}/jt\ /fhb08b]lv aRg] cyf{t\ ha s'/f n'sfpFYof] eg] t e'm6 af]Ng]jfnf klg cjZo xf]nf,
o:tfnfO{ klg hf] O{Zj/ ldNof], Tof] k}uDa/ aGof], To;n] ox"bL cflbsf] dt rnfof], Tof] klg d";fs}
;b[z eof] . o;}n] O{;fO{x¿sf hf] d"n k'vf{ ePsf 5g\, tL ;a} d";f cflbb]lv lnP/ hËnL cj:yfdf
lyP, ljBf–j:yfdf lyPgg\, OToflb ..#*..
d"n—#(— ta k/d]Zj/n] b]Vof] ls d";f x]g{sf] nflu kms]{/ cfpFb}5 ta O{Zj/n] emf8Lsf]
dWoaf6 k'sf/]/ eGof] ls x] d";f Û x] d";f Û ta p;n] cfjfh lbof] d oxfF 5' . ta O{Zj/n] eGof] ls
otf gcfpg", cfˆgf] v'§faf6 h'Qf k'msfNg", lsgeg] of] :yfg h;dfly tF plePsf] 5;\ kljq e"ld
xf] .. —tf}/]t -ofqfkj{÷cWofo #÷cfot $, %_ ..
;dLIfs— x]g'{xf];\ Û o:tf dg'io h'g ls dg'ionfO{ df/]/ afn'jfdf k'g]{jfnf;Fu O{Zj/sf]
ldqtf / p;nfO{ k}uDa/ dfGb5g\ . / x]/ ta ltd|f] k/d]Zj/n] d";fnfO{ eGof] ls kljq :yfgdf h'Qf
nfg' x'Fb}g, ltdL O{;fO{x¿ o; cf1fb]lv lsg lj?4 lx+8\b5f} <
k|Zg— xfdLn] h'Qfsf] :yfgdf 6f]kL ptfb{5f}+ .
pQ/— of] bf];|f] ck/fw ltdLn] u¥of}, lsgeg] 6f]kL ptfg{ g O{Zj/n] eGof] g t ltd|f]
k':tsdf n]lvPsf] 5 . / ptfg{ of]UonfO{ ptfb}{gf}, gptfg{ kg]{nfO{ ptfb{5f}, of] b'O6} k|sf/ ltd|f]
k':tsb]lv lj?4 5 .
k|Zg— xfd|f] o"/f]k b]zdf zLt clws x'G5, o;}n] xfdLn] h'Qf ptfb}{gf}+ .
pQ/— s] lz/df zLt nfUb}g < clxn] t oxL+ 5f} ha o"/f]k b]zdf hfG5f} ta o:tf] ug'{ lg .
k/Gt' ha xfd|f] 3/df cyjf lj5f}gfdf cfpF5f} ta t h'Qf ptfg]{ u/ olb ptfb}{gf} eg] t cfˆgf]
afOan k':tssf] lj?4 rNb5f}, o:tf] ltdLn] ug'{ x'Fb}g ..#(..
d"n—$)— ta k/d]Zj/n] p;nfO{ ;f]Wof] ls t]/f] xftdf of] s] xf] < p;n] eGof] ls 58L ..
ta p;n] eGof] ls To;nfO{ hldgdf ˆofFlsb] / p;n] To; 58LnfO{ hldgdf ˆofFSbf ;k{ aGof] /
d";f To;sf] cufl8af6 efUof] .. ta k/d]Zj/n] d";fnfO{ eGof] ls cfˆgf] xft a9fP/ To;sf]
k'5f/nfO{ ;dft\, ta p;n] cfˆgf] xft a9fP/ To;sf] k'5f/ ;dfTof] k]ml/ Tof] p;sf] xftdf 58L
eof] . ta k/d]Zj/n] p;nfO{ eGof] ls k]ml/ t}+n] cfˆgf] xft cfˆgf] sfvdf /fv / p;n] To;} u¥of],
ta p;n] xft lgsfn]/ x]bf{ t lxpFh:t} s'i7L lyof] . / p;n] eGof] ls k]ml/ t]/f] xft sfvdf /fv
p;n] To;} u¥of] ta x]bf{ t To;sf] xft klxnfsf] h:t} b'?:t eof] .. t}+n] gLn gbLsf] hn lnP/
;'Ssf 7fpFdf xfNg' / Tof] hn ToxfF ;'Ssf 7fpFdf /ut x'g]5 ..
—tf}/]t -ofqfkj{÷cWofo $÷cfot @, #, $, ^, &, (_ ..
;dLIfs— ca x]g'{xf];\ Û s:tf] hfb'u/sf] v]n, v]nf8L O{Zj/, p;sf] ;]js d";f / oL
s'/fx¿nfO{ dfÌ]x¿ s:tf 5g\ < s] cfhef]lnsf hfb'u/x¿n] o; eGbf sDtL s/fdt ub{5g\ < of]
O{Zj/ s], of] t 7"nf] v]nf8L xf] . o:tf s'/fnfO{ ljåfg\x¿n] s;/L dfGb5g\ < / k|To]s k6s d O{Zj/
x"F, Oa|fxLd, O;xfs / ofs"asf] OToflb k|To]s k6s cfˆg} d'vn] k|z+;f ub}{–lkmg'{, of] s'/f] pQd
hgsf] x'g} ;Sb}g lsGt' s'g} b+eL dg'iosf] x'g ;Sb5 ..$)..
d"n—$!— ta d";fn] O;|fPnsf ;a} a'h|'sx¿nfO{ af]nfP/ eGof], ltdLx¿n] cfˆgf]–cfˆgf]
s'nsf] cg';f/ Ps–Ps kf7f 5'6ØfP/ /fv, / km;xsf] -kj{sf]_ kz' aln ug"{ .. / To;sf] /ut h'g
t;nfdf x'G5 To;df h"kmfsf] Ps u'R5f 8'afP/ p;} t;nfsf] /utn] åf/sf] rf}sf];sf] dfly b'j}lt/
5ØfKg' / laxfg;Dd ltdLx¿ sf]xL klg 3/af6 aflx/ glg:sg' .. lsgeg] k/d]Zj/n] b]zsf] aLr x'Fb}
ld;|Lx¿nfO{ dfb}{ hfg]5Ù hxfF–hxfF åf/sf] rf}sf];df /ut 5ØflkPsf] b]Vg]5 To;–To; åf/nfO{
5f]8\g]5, / gfz ug]{jfnfx¿nfO{ ltd|f] 3/df dfg{sf] nflu k|j]z lbg] 5}g ..
—tf}/]t -ofqfkj{÷cWofo !@÷cfot @!, @@, @#_ ..
;dLIfs— enf, of] h'g sfd 6'gf–d'gf ug]{jfnfsf] h:t} 5, Tof] O{Zj/ slxNo} ;j{1 x'g
;Sb5 < ha /utsf] 5fk b]v]dfq O;|fPnsf] s'nsf] 3/ hfÌ], cGoyf ghfÌ] . of] sfd If'b| a'l4jfnf
dg'iosf] h:tf] 5 . o;af6 ljlbt x'G5 ls oL s'/fx¿ s'g} hËnL dg'ion] n]v]sf] xf] ..$!..
d"n—$@— / o:tf] eof] ls cfwL /ftsf] O{Zj/n] ld;| b]zsf] l;+xf;gdf lj/fhdfg lkm/f}gb]lv
lnP/ aGwgdf k/]sf aFw'jfx¿;Dd ;a}sf h]7f] ;GtfgnfO{, j/g kz'x¿ ;d]tsf h]7f aRrf ;a}nfO{
df¥of] .. / lkm/f}g /ftdf g} p7]/ a:of], / p;sf ;a} sd{rf/L, ;Dk"0f{ ld;|L p7]Ù / ld;|df a8f]
xfxfsf/ dlRrof], lsgeg] Pp6f 3/ klg ar]sf] lyPg h;df sf]xL d/]sf] gxf];\ ..
—tf}/]t -ofqfkj{÷cWofo $÷cfot @(, #)_ ..
;dLIfs— jfx Û cfwL /ftdf 8fFs"sf] ;dfg lgb{oL ag]/ O{;fO{x¿sf] O{Zj/n] aRrf, s]6f,
jo:s, j[4 / kz';d]t klg lagf ck/fw dfl/lbof] / slQ klg bof cfPg . ld;|df a8f] ljnfk
e}/Xof] t/ klg O{;fO{x¿sf] O{Zj/sf] lrQaf6 lgi7'/tf gi6 ePg Û o:tf] sfd O{Zj/n] t s] lsGt'
s'g} enf dg'ion] klg ub}{gg\ . o;df cfZro{ 5}g, lsgeg] o:tf] n]lvPsf] 5 ls …df+;fxfl/0fM s'tf]
bofÚ ha O{;fO{x¿sf] O{Zj/ df+;fxf/L 5 eg] t p;nfO{ bofsf] s] sfd x'g] < ..$@..
d"n—$#— k/d]Zj/ ltd|f nflu o'4 ug]{5, o;}n] ltdLx¿ r'krfk /xg' .. ta k/d]Zj/n]
d";fnfO{ eGof], t}+n] lsg d]/f] lrGtf ub{}5;\ < O;|fPnsf ;GtfgnfO{ eÌ' ls ltdLx¿ oxfFaf6 cufl8
a9 .. / t}+n] cfˆgf] nÝL p7fP/ cfˆgf] xftnfO{ ;d'b|dfly a9fpg", / Tof] b'O{ efu x'g hfg]5Ù ta
O;|fPnL ;d'b|sf] aLr x'Fb} :yn}–:ynaf6 lx+8]/ hfg]5g\ ..
—tf}/]t -ofqfkj{÷cWofo !$÷cfot !$, !%, !^_ ..
;dLIfs— s] xf] hL Û cufl8 t O{Zj/ e]8fsf] k5fl8 uf]7fnfsf] e}+m O;|fPn s'nsf] kl5–kl5
8'NYof], ca ghfFg] sxfF uof] < gq eg] t ;d'b|sf] aLraf6 rf/}lt/sf] /]nufl8x¿sf] ;8s
agfpg'kg]{, h;af6 ;a} ;+;f/sf] pksf/ x'g] lyof] / 8'Fuf cflb agfpg] kl/>d klg kg]{ lyPg .
k/Gt' s] ug]{, O{;fO{x¿sf] O{Zj/ ghfg] sxfF n'ls/x]sf] 5 < OToflb y'k|} d";fsf] ;fydf c;Dej nLnf
O{Zj/n] u¥of] . k/Gt' of] ljlbt eof] ls o:tf] O{Zj/, o:tf p;sf ;]js / o:tf O{Zj/s[t k':ts
xfdLx¿b]lv 6f9f ePs} hftL ..$#..
d"n—$$— t}+n] pgnfO{ b08jt\ gug{", g t pgsf] pkf;gf g} ug"{, lsgeg] d t]/f] k/d]Zj/
hng /fVg]jfnf O{Zj/ x"F, / h;n] d;Fu j}/ /fVb5g\, pgsf 5f]/fx¿, gfltx¿ / knfFltx¿nfO{ klg
cyf{t\ rf}yf] lk+9L;Dd b08 lbg] ub{5' .. —tf}/]t -ofqfkj{÷cWofo @)÷cfot %_ ..
;dLIfs— enf of] s'g 3/sf] Gofo xf] ls hf] lktfsf] ck/fwb]lv rf/ k':tf;Dd b08 lbg'
/fd|f] dfÌ] . s] c;n lktfsf] b'i6 / b'i6 lktfsf] >]i7 ;Gtfg x'Fb}gg\ < olb o:t} xf] eg] t rf}yf]
k':tf;Dd b08 s;/L lbg ;Sb5 < / hf] kfFrf} k':tfb]lv cufl8 b'i6 x'g]5, To;nfO{ b08 lbg
;Sg]5}g . lagf ck/fw s;}nfO{ b08 lbg' cGofosf/Lsf] s'/f xf] ..$$..
d"n—$%— lj>fdsf] lbg p;nfO{ kljq /fVgsf] nflu :d/0f ug"{ .. 5M lbg;Dd t}+n] kl/>d
ug"{====.. k/Gt' ;ftf}+ lbg k/d]Zj/ t]/f] O{Zj/sf] lj>fd xf]====..====k/d]Zjn] lj>fdsf] lbgnfO{ cfzLif
lbof]====.. —tf}/]t -ofqfkj{÷cWofo @)÷cfot *, (, !), !!_ ..
;dLIfs— s] /ljjf/ Pp6f dfq kljq / afFsL 5M lbg ckljq x'g\ < / s] k/d]Zj/n] 5M
lbg;Dd a8f] kl/>d u/]sf] lyof] / h;af6 yfs]/ ;ftf}+ lbg ;'Tof] < olb /ljjf/nfO{ cfzLjf{b lbof]
eg] t afFsL ;f]djf/ cflb 5M lbgnfO{ s] lbof] < cyf{t\ >fk lbof] xf]nf . o:tf] sfd ljåfg\sf] klg
x'g ;Sb}g eg] t O{Zj/sf] s;/L x'g ;Sb5 < enf /ljjf/df s] u'0f / ;f]djf/ cflbn] s] bf]if u/]sf
lyP ls h;af6 Pp6fnfO{ kljq tyf j/ lbof] / cGonfO{ olQs} ckljq ul/lbof] ..$%..
d"n—$^— cfˆgf] l5d]sL dfly e'm6f] ;fIfL glbg" ..=====cfˆgf l5d]sLsf] :qL, bf;, bf;L,
rf}kfo / s'g} j:t'nfO{ h'g l5d]sLsf] xf], nfnr gug"{ ..
—tf}/]t -ofqfkj{÷cWofo @)÷cfot !^, !&_ ..
;dLIfs— jfx Û ta g} O{;fO{x¿ k/b]zLx¿sf] dfndf o;/L e'mSb5g\ ls hfgf] ltvf{n'
kfgLdf, ef]sf] cÌdf . h:t} of] s]jn dtnal;Gw' / kIfkftsf] s'/f xf], o:t} g} O{;fO{x¿sf] O{Zj/
klg 5 . olb s;}n] eGb5 ls xfdL ;a} dg'iodfqnfO{ l5d]sL dfGb5f}+ ta l;jfo dg'iox¿sf] cGo
s'g :qL / bf;L cflb jfnf x'g\ h;nfO{ l5d]sL gdfÌ] < o;}n] oL s'/fx¿ :jfyL{ dg'iosf] xf],
O{Zj/sf] xf]Og ..$^..
d"n—$&— hf] s'g} dg'ionfO{ o:tf] df/f];\ ls Tof] d/f];\, Tof] klg lgZro g} dfl/of];\ .. olb
p;sf] 3ftdf ga;]sf] xf];\, / k/d]Zj/sf] OR5faf6} p;sf] xftdf kb{5 eg] t, o:tf] dfg]{jfnfnfO{
efUgsf] nflu d}n] Ps :yfg atfOlbg]5' hxfF Tof] efu]/ hfcf];\ ..
—tf}/]t -ofqfkj{÷cWofo @!÷cfot !@, !#_ ..
;dLIfs— olb of] O{Zj/sf] Gofo ;fFrf] x'GYof] eg] t d";fn] Ps hgfnfO{ df/]/ uf8]/ efu]sf]
lyof], d";fnfO{ lsg b08 lbOPg < olb eGb5f} ls O{Zj/n] To;nfO{ dfg{sf] nflu d";fnfO{ k7fPsf]
lyof] eg] tfklg O{Zj/ kIfkftL 7xl/of], lsgeg] To; d";fnfO{ /fhfaf6 Gofo lsg x'g
lbOPg < ..$&..
d"n—$*— ta p;n] sof}+ O;|fPnL hjfgx¿nfO{ k7fof], h;n] k/d]Zj/sf] nflu xf]daln /
uf]?x¿af6 alnbfg r9fP .. / d";fn] cfwf /utnfO{ lnP/ efF8fdf /fVof] / cfwf /utnfO{ j]bLdf
5ls{of]====.. / d";fn] To; /utnfO{ lnP/ dfG5]x¿dfly 5ls{of] / eGof] of] /ut To; jfrfsf] xf]
h;nfO{ k/d]Zj/n] oL ;a} jrgx¿sf] sf/0f ltd|f] ;fy u/]sf] 5 .. / k/d]Zj/n] d";fnfO{ eGof] ls
kxf8df dsxfF cfpg' / jxL+ /xg' d}n] tFnfO{ 9'Ëfsf kf6Lx¿, Joj:yf / cf1f hf] d}n] n]v]sf] 5'
tFnfO{ lbg]5' .. —tf}/]t -ofqfkj{÷cWofo @$÷cfot %, ^, *, !@_ ..
;dLIfs— ca x]g'{xf];\ Û of] ;a} s'/f hËnL dfG5]x¿sf] xf] ls xf]Og < / k/d]Zj/ uf]?x¿sf]
alnbfg lng] / j]bLdf /ut 5ls{g] of] s:tf] hËnLkg / c;Eotfsf] s'/f xf] < ha O{;fO{x¿sf]
v'bfn] klg uf]?x¿sf] alnbfg lnG5 eg] t eQmn] uf]?–ufO{sf] alnbfgsf] k|;fbLaf6 k]6 lsg
geg]{ < / hut\df xflg lsg gug]{ <
o:tf–o:tf g/fd|f s'/fx¿ afOandf el/Psf] 5, o;}sf s';+:sf/x¿af6 j]bx¿df klg o:t}
e'm§f bf]if nufpg rfxG5g\ k/Gt' j]bx¿df o:tf s'/fsf] gfd klg 5}g .
/ of] klg lgZro eof] ls O{;fO{x¿sf] O{Zj/ Ps kxf8L dg'io lyof], kxf8df /xGYof] . ha
Tof] v'bf d;L, snd, sfuh agfpg hfGy]gÙ g t To;nfO{ k|fKt lyof], o;}n] 9'Ëfsf kf6Ldf
Joj:yfx¿ n]v]/ lbg] ub{Yof] / log} hËnLx¿sf] ;fd'Ì] O{Zj/ ag]/ a:bYof] ..$*..
d"n—$(— / eGof] ls t}+n] d]/f] ¿k b]Vg ;Sb}g;\ lsgeg] dnfO{ b]v]/ sf]O{ dfG5]x¿ afFRg
;Sb}gg\ .. / k/d]Zj/n] eGof] ls x]/ d;Fu Pp6f r§fgsf] :yfg 5 / tF ToxfF pleg' .. / o:tf] x'g]5
ls ha;Dd d]/f] ljej -t]h_ t]/f] ;fd'Ì]af6 lg:sg] 5 ta d}n] tFnfO{ kxf8sf] vf]+rdf /fVg]5' /
ha;Dd t]/f] ;fd'Ì]af6 lgl:s;Sg]5' tFnfO{ cfˆgf] xftn] 9fSg]5' .. k]ml/ cfˆgf] xft p7fpg]5' / tF
d]/f] k5fl8 b]lvg]5;\ / kL7sf] bz{g t ug]{5;\ k/Gt' d]/f] ¿k b]Vg]5}g;\ ..
—tf}/]t -ofqfkj{÷cWofo ##÷cfot @)–@#_ ..
;dLIfs— ca x]g'{xf];\ Û O{;fO{x¿sf] O{Zj/ s]jn dg'iojt\ z/L/wf/L / d";f;Fu s:tf] k|k~r
/r]/ cfk"m :jo+ O{Zj/ ag]sf] 5 . hf] k5fl8 b]lvG5, ¿k b]lv+b}g eg] t xftn] To;nfO{ 9fls klg
lbof] xf]nf . ha d";fnfO{ cfˆgf] xftn] 9fSof] xf]nf ta t p;sf] xftsf] ¿k p;n] b]v]g
xf]nf < ..$(..
n}Jo Joj:yfsf] k':ts -tf}/]t_ -!#=@=#_
d"n—%)— / k/d]Zj/n] d";fnfO{ af]nfof] / ldnfkjfnf d08nLsf] tDa"af6 of] jrg p;n]
eGof] .. ls O;|fPnsf ;Gtfgx¿;Fu af]n / pgLx¿nfO{ eÌ' ls olb ltdLx¿n] k/d]Zj/nfO{ e]6L
NofpFbfv]l/ t kz'aln cyf{t\ ufO{, uf]? / e]8f, afv«faf6 cfˆgf] e]6L Nofpg] ug"{ ..
 —tf}/]t -n}Jo Joj:yfkj{÷cWofo !÷cfot !, @_ ..
;dLIfs— ca ljrf/ ug'{xf];\ Û O{;fO{x¿sf] k/d]Zj/ ufO{, uf]?, e]8f, afv«f cflbsf] e]6L
lng]jfnf, hf] ls cfˆgf] nflu alnbfg u/fpgsf] nflu pkb]z ub{5 . Tof] ufO{, uf]?, e]8f, afv«f cflb
kz'sf] /ut / df;'sf] Kof;f], ef]sf] xf] ls xf]Og < o;}af6 To;nfO{ clx+;s / O{Zj/sf] sf]l6sf]
bfFhf]df ulgg slxNo} klg ;ls+b}g lsGt' df+;fxf/L k|k~rL dg'iosf] ;b[z xf] ..%)..
d"n—%!— ta Tof] afR5f]nfO{ k/d]Zj/sf] ;fd'Ì] aln u/f];\Ù / xf¿gsf] k'q h'g ofhs xf]
To;n] /utnfO{ ;dLkdf nu]/ To; j]bLsf] rf/}lt/ 5ls{of];\ h'g ls ldnfkjfnf tDa"sf] åf/df 5 ..
k]ml/ Tof] xf]dalnkz'sf] 5fnf sf9]/ To; kz'nfO{ 6'qmf–6'qmf kf/f];\ .. ta xf¿g ofhssf] k'qn]
j]bLdf cfuf] afnf];\, / cfuf]df bfp/f ;hfP/ /fvf];\ .. / xf¿gsf] k'q h'g ofhs xf] p;n]
6fpsf]af6 af];f] ;d]t kz'sf] 6'qmf kf/]/ To; j]bLsf] aln/x]sf] bfp/fdfly ;hfP/ /fvf];\ .. /
To;sf] leqLdf;' / v'§fnfO{ kfgLn] wf]cf];\ . ta ofhsn] ;a} 6'qmfnfO{ j]bLdf hnfcf];\, ls Tof]
xf]daln k/d]Zj/sf] nflu ;'vbfos ;'uGwjfnf xjg 7xl/of];\ ..
—tf}/]t -n}Jo Joj:yfkj{÷cWofo !÷cfot %–(_ ..
;dLIfs— yf]/} ljrf/ ug'{xf];\ t Û afR5f]nfO{ k/d]Zj/sf] cufl8 p;sf] eQmn] dfg]{ / p;n]
d/fpg] / /utnfO{ rf/}lt/ 5s{g], clUgdf xf]d ug]{, O{Zj/n] ;'uGw lng], enf of] s;fO{sf] 3/ eGbf
s]xL sDtLsf] nLnf 5}g < o;}af6 g afOan O{Zj/s[t, g t Tof] hËnL dg'iosf] ;b[z nLnfwf/L
O{Zj/ x'g ;Sb5 ..%!..
d"n—%@— k]ml/ O{Zj/n] d";fnfO{ eGof] .. ls O;|fPnLx¿nfO{ of] eÌ' ls, olb sf]O{ dg'io tL
sfdx¿b]lv h;nfO{ O{Zj/n] lgif]w u/]sf] 5 s'g} sfdnfO{ e'nn] u/]/ kfkL x'G5 eg] .. / olb
clelifQm ofhsn] o:tf] kfk u/]df, h;af6 k|hf bf]ifL 7xl/G5g\ eg] t, cfˆgf] kfksf] sf/0f To;n]
Pp6f lgivf]6 afR5f] O{Zj/sf] nflu kfkaln u/]/ r9fpg' .. / clelifQm ofhsn] To; afR5f]nfO{
ldnfkjfnf tDa"sf] åf/df O{Zj/sf] cufl8 nu]/ To;sf] 6fpsfdf xft /fv]/, / To; afR5f]nfO{
O{Zj/sf] ;fd'Ì] aln u/f];\ .. —tf}/]t -n}Jo Joj:yfkj{÷cWofo $÷cfot !, @, #, $_ ..
;dLIfs— ca x]g'{xf];\ kfknfO{ 5'6fpg] k|folZrtsf] ljlw Û :jo+n] kfk ug]{, ufO{ cflb pQd
kz'x¿sf] xTof ug]{ / k/d]Zj/n] u/fpg] . wGo x'g\ O{;fO{x¿ ls o:tf] s'/fx¿nfO{ ug]{–
u/fpg]jfnfnfO{ klg O{Zj/ dfg]/ cfˆgf] d'lQmsf] cfzf ub{5g\ ..%@..
d"n—%#— ha s'g} cWoIfn] kfk ub{5====..====ta To;n] lgivf]6 kf7f] cfˆgf] e]6Lsf] nflu
lnP/ cfcf];\ .. /====To;nfO{ ====k/d]Zj/sf] cufl8 aln u/f];\ ta kfk s6gL x'g]5 ..
—tf}/]t -n}Jo Joj:yfkj{÷cWofo $÷cfot @@, @#, @$_ ..
;dLIfs— jfxhL Û jfx Û olb o:t} xf] eg] t logsf cWoIf cyf{t\ GofofwLz tyf ;]gfklt
cflb kfk ug{b]lv lsg 8/fpF5g\ xf]nf / < cfk"mn] oy]i6 kfk ug]{ / k|folZrtsf] abnfdf ufO{,
afR5f, afv«f cflbsf k|f0f lng], ta g} O{;fO{x¿ s'g} kz' jf kIfLsf] k|f0f lngdf zlÍt x'Fb}gg\ . ;'g
O{;fO{x¿ xf] Û ca t o; hËnL dtnfO{ 5f]8]/ ;';Eo wd{do j]bdtnfO{ :jLsf/ u/ ls h;af6
ltd|f] sNof0f xf];\ ..%#..
d"n—%$— olb To;df e]8f Nofpg] Ifdtf 5}g eg] t To;n] u/]sf] ck/fwsf] nflu b'O{
j6f kf7fkf7L cyjf k/]jfsf aRrf k/d]Zj/sf] nflu Nofcf];\ .. / To;sf] 6fpsf] ub{gdf a6f/f];\
k/Gt'gl5+bf];\ ..====To;n] u/]sf] kfksf] k|folZrt u/f];\ / To;sf] nflu Ifdf ul/g]5 .. t/ olb
k/]jfsf ar]/f klg Nofpg] Ifdtf 5}g eg] t====;]/ e/ rf]vf] kL7f] kfkalnsf] e]6Lsf] nflu Nofcf];\
/ To;dfly t]n gxfnf];\====..====/ To;nfO{ Ifdf x'g]5 ..
—tf}/]t -n}Jo Joj:yfkj{÷cWofo %÷cfot &, *, !), !!, !#_ ..

o; O{Zj/ wGo xf] ls h;n] afR5f, e]8f afv«fsf kf7f–kf7L, k/]jf / kL7f];Dd lng] lgod agfPsf] 5 .
cb\e't s'/f t of] 5 ls k/]jfsf ar/fsf] …ub{g a6f/]/Ú lng] ub{Yof] tfls cfk"mn] a6fg{ gk/f];\ . oL ;a}
s'/fx¿nfO{ x]bf{df ljlbt x'G5 ls hËnLx¿df sf]O{ rt'/ k'?if lyof], Tof] kxf8df uP/ a:of] / cfk"mnfO{ O{Zj/
k|l;4 u/fof] . hËnLx¿ c1fgL lyP, pgLx¿n] To;nfO{ O{Zj/ :jLsf/ u/] . cfˆgf o'lQmx¿af6 To;n] kxf8df g}
vfgsf] nflu kz', kIfL / cÌflb dufpg] ub{Yof] / df]h ub{Yof] . To;sf b"tÖkml/Ztf sfd ug]{ ub{y] . ;Hhgx¿n]
ljrf/ ug'{xf];\ ls sxfF t afOandf ufO{, uf]?, afR5f, afv«f, e]8f, kf7f–kf7L, k/]jf / /fd|f] kL7f] vfg]jfnf O{Zj/ /
sxfF ;j{Jofks, ;j{1, chGdf, lg/fsf/, ;j{zlQmdfg\ / Gofosf/L OToflb pQd u'0fo'Qm j]bf]Qm O{Zj/ <
 ;dLIfs— ca ;'Ì'xf];\ Û O{;fO{x¿df kfk ug{sf] nflu sf]O{ wgf9Ø 8/fpFb}g xf]nf g
t bl/b| klgÙ lsgeg] logsf] O{Zj/n] kfkx¿sf] k|folZrt ug{sf] nflu ;xh agfP/ /fv]sf] 5 . of]
Pp6f s'/f O{;fO{x¿sf] afOandf cb\e't 5 ls lagf si6 u/]/ kfkaf6 5'6]/ hfg] . lsgeg] Ps t
kfk u¥of] bf];|f] hLjx¿sf] lx+;f u¥of] / v'a cfgGbn] df;' vfof] / kfk klg 5'6]/ uof] .
enf Û k/]jfsf] ar]/fsf] ub{g df]l8lbgfn] w]/} a]/;Dd 56kl6G5 xf]nf ta klg O{;fO{x¿nfO{
bof cfpFb}g . bof s;/L cfpg] Û logsf O{Zj/sf] pkb]z g} lx+;f ug{sf] nflu 5, / ha ;a}
kfkx¿sf] o:tf] k|folZrt 5 eg] t O{;fsf] ljZjf;af6 kfk 5'6]/ hfG5, of] 7"nf] cf8Da/ lsg
ub{5g\ ..%$..
d"n—%%— / ofhs s;}sf] nflu xf]daln r9fpF5 eg] To; xf]dalnkz'sf] 5fnf ToxL
ofhsn] n]cf];\ .. / tGb"/df, s/fxLdf, jf tfcf]df kfs]sf] ;a} e]6aln p;} ofhssf] x'g]5 h;n]
To;nfO{ r9fpF5 .. —tf}/]t -n}Jo Joj:yfkj{÷cWofo &÷cfot *, (_ ..
;dLIfs— xfdLn] hfGbYof}+ ls oxfF b]jLsf ef]k] / dlGb/x¿sf k'hf/Lx¿sf] kf]knLnf ljlrq
5, k/Gt' O{;fO{x¿sf] O{Zj/ / pgsf k'hf/Lx¿sf] kf]knLnf o; eGbf klg xhf/f}+u'0ff a9]/ /x]5,
lsgeg] rf]/Lsf] bfd / ef]hgsf] kbfy{ vfgsf] nflu cfcf];\ k]ml/ O{;fO{x¿sf ofhsx¿n] v'a df}h
p8fP xf]nfg\ < / clxn] klg p8fpFb} xf]nfg\ < enf, sf]O{ dg'io Pp6f 5f]/fnfO{ dfg]{ / csf]{ 5f]/fnfO{
To;sf] df;' v'jfpg], o:tf] slxNo} x'g ;Sb5 < To;} u/L ;a} dg'io, kz', kIfL cflb ;a} hLj
O{Zj/sf k'qjt\ x'g\ . k/d]Zj/n] o:tf] sfd slxNo} ug{ ;Sb}g . To;}n] of] afOan O{Zj/s[t / o;df
n]lvPsf] O{Zj/ / o;nfO{ dfÌ]jfnf wd{1 slxNo} x'g ;Sb}gg\ . o:t} g} ;a} s'/fx¿ n}Jo Joj:yf
cflb k':tsx¿df el/Psf] 5, sxfF;Dd u0fgf u/fpFm ..%%..
u0fgfsf] k':ts -tf}/]t_ -!#=@=$_
d"n—%^— ;f] ulwgLn] k/d]Zj/sf] b"tnfO{ cfˆgf] xftdf gfËf] tnjf/ lvr]/ af6fdf plePsf]
b]vL, ta ulwgL af6f]nfO{ 5f]8]/ 5'§} v]tdf k;L, To;nfO{ dfu{df kmsf{P/ Nofpgsf] nflu lanfdn]
ulwgLnfO{ nÝLn] lxsf{of] .. ta k/d]Zj/n] ulwgLsf] d'v vf]Nof] / To;n] lanfdl;t eGof] ls d}n]
t]/f] s] la/fd u/]sf] 5' ls t}+n] dnfO{ clxn] tLg k6s r'l6;\ ..
—tf}/]t -u0fgfkj{÷cWofo @@÷cfot @#, @*_ ..
;dLIfs— k|yd t uwf;Ddn] O{Zj/sf b"tx¿nfO{ b]Vby] / cfhef]ln lazk kfb/L cflb >]i7
jf c>]i7 dg'iox¿nfO{ klg v'bf jf p;sf b"t b]lv+b}gg\ . s] cfhef]ln k/d]Zj/ / p;sf b"t 5g\
ls 5}gg\ < olb 5g\ eg] t ulx/f] lgb|fdf ;'t]sf 5g\ < jf /f]uL eP cyjf s'g} cGo e"uf]ndf km8\sf]
df/] < jf s'g} csf{] wGwfdf nfu] < jf ca O{;fO{x¿;Fu ?i6 x'g uP < cyjf d/] < ljlbt ePsf] 5}g
ls s] eof] < cg'dfg t o:tf] nflu/x]sf] 5 ls clxn] 5}gg\, b]lv+b}gg\ t ta klg lyPgg\ /
b]lvGy]gg\ xf]nfg\, lsGt' oL s]jn dgdfgL ukmf}8f p8fP xf]nfg\ ..%^..
d"n—%&— ;f] ca s]6fx¿df x/ Ps 5f]/fnfO{ / x/ Ps :qL hf] k'?if;Fu ;+o'Qm ePsL 5, k|f0f
lgsflnlbg' .. k/Gt' 5f]/Lx¿ hf] k'?if;Fu ;+o'Qm ePsf 5}gg\, pgLx¿nfO{ cfˆgf] nflu lhpFb} /fVg" ..
—tf}/]t -uGtLkj{÷cWofo #!÷cfot !&, !*_ ..
;dLIfs— jfx hL Û d";f k}uDa/ / ltd|f] O{Zj/ wGo xf] ls hf] :qL, afn, j[4 / kz' xTof
ug{af6 klg cnu /x]g / o;af6 :ki6 lglZrt x'G5 ls d";f ljifoL lyof] . lsgeg] olb ljifoL
x'Gy]g eg] t …cIftof]lgÚ cyf{t\ k'?ifx¿;Fu ;dfud gu/]sL s'Fjf/L sGofx¿ cfˆgf] nflu lsg
dfUbYof] jf pgLx¿nfO{ o:tf] lgb{o jf ljifoLkgsf] cf1f lsg lbGYof] < ..%&..
;d'Pnsf] bf];|f] k':ts -tf}/]t_ -!#=@=%_
d"n—%*— / To;} lbg /fltdf o:tf] eof] ls k/d]Zj/sf] of] jrg eGb} gftfgdf k'Uof] .. ls
hf / d]/f] ;]js bfpmbnfO{ eÌ' ls k/d]Zj/n] eg]sf] 5 ls— s] d]/f] lgjf;sf] nflu t}+n] Pp6f 3/
agfOlbG5;\ < .. lsgeg] hlxn]b]lv O;|fPnsf ;Gtfgx¿ ld;|af6 lgsfn]/ NofPF, d}n] t cfhsf]
lbg;Dd klg 3/df jf; u/]sf] 5}g k/Gt' tDa"df / 8]/fdf lkml//fv]sf] 5' ..
—tf}/]t -;d'Pn bf];|f]kj{÷cWofo &÷cfot $, %, ^_ ..
 ;dLIfs— ca slQ klg ;Gb]x /x]g ls O{zfO{sf] O{Zj/ dg'iojt\ b]xwf/L xf] . k]ml/ lzsfot
ub{5 ls d}n] w]/} kl/>d u/]+, otf–ptf w]/} bf}l8PF, ca bfpmb t}+n] 3/ agfOlbPdf t d}n] To;df
cf/fd ug]{ lyPF, lsg O{;fO{x¿sf] o:tf] O{Zj/ / o:tf k':tsnfO{ dfÌdf nHhf klg cfpFb}g < k/Gt'
s] u¿g\ lar/fx¿ km:g uP t uP . ca lg:sgsf] nflu a8f] k'?iffy{ ug{kg]{ eof] ..%*..
/fhfx¿sf] k':ts -tf}/]t_ -!#=@=^_
d"n—%(— / afa]nsf] /fhf ga"sbg]:;/sf] /fHosf] pÌfO{;f}+ jif{sf] kfFrf}+ dlxgfsf] ;ftf}+
ltlydf afa]nsf] /fhf Ps ;]js ga"h/bfg h'g hNnfbx¿sf] k|wfg cyf{t \ lgh ;]gfsf] k|wfg cWoIf
lyof], o¿;]nddf cfof] .. / To;n] k/d]Zj/sf] dlGb/, /fhfsf] ejg / o¿;]ndsf ;f/f 3/x¿ / x/
Ps 7"nf 3/nfO{ hnfOlbof] .. / s;lbx¿sf ;f/f ;]gfn] h'g To; lgh ;]gfsf] cWoIfsf] ;fydf
lyP, o¿;]ndsf] leQf / kvf{nnfO{ rf/}lt/af6 9flnlbP ..
—tf}/]t -/fhfx¿sf] kj{ @÷cWofo @%÷cfot *, (, !)_ ..
;dLIfs— s] ug]{ t, O{;fO{x¿sf] O{Zj/n] t cfˆgf] cf/fdsf] nflu bfpmb cflb;Fuaf6 3/
agfPsf] lyof], To;df cf/fd uYof]{ xf]nf, k/Gt' ga"h/bfgn] O{Zj/sf] 3/nfO{ gi6–e|i6 ul/lbof] /
O{Zj/ jf p;sf b"tx¿sf] ;]gfn] s]xL klg ug{ ;s]gg\ .
k|yd t logsf] O{Zj/n] a8f] n8fO{ ub{Yof] / ljhoL x'GYof] k/Gt' clxn] t cfˆgf] 3/;d]t
hnfP/–kmf]/]/ a:of] . g hfg] r'krfk lsg al;/Xof] < k]ml/ To;sf b"tx¿ ghfg] stf efu] < o:tf]
;dodf sf]xL klg sfddf cfPgg\ / O{Zj/sf] k/fqmd klg g hfg] sxfF p8]/ uof] < olb of] s'/f]
;fFrf] xf] eg] t h'g–h'g ljhosf] s'/fx¿ k|yddf n]v] ;f]–;f] ;a} Joy{ x'g uof] . s] ld;|sf s]6f–
s]6Lx¿nfO{ df/]/ dfq} z"/jL/ ag]sf] lyof] < clxn] z"/jL/x¿sf] ;fd'Ì] r'krfk eP/ al;/Xof] < of]
t O{;fO{x¿sf] O{Zj/n] cfˆgf] lgGbf / ck|lti7f u/fof] . o:t} xhf/f}+ o; k':tsdf lgsDdf syfx¿
e/]sf 5g\ ..%(..
ha"/sf] bf];|f] efu
sfnsf] ;dfrf/sf] klxnf] k':ts -Oltxf;_ -!#=@=&_
d"n—^)— ;f] k/d]Zj/ d]/f] O{Zj/n] O;|fPndf d/L k7fof] / O;|fPnsf dWo]af6 ;Q/L xhf/
k'?if 9n] .. —tf}/]t -Oltxf;kj{ !÷cWofo @!÷cfot !$_ ..
;dLIfs— ca x]g'{xf];\ O;|fPnsf O{;fO{x¿sf] O{Zj/sf] nLnf Û h'g O;|fPn s'nsf] nflu y'k|}
j/ lbPsf] lyof] / /ft–lbg h;sf] sf]sf{df xNnGYof], ca em6 qmf]lwt eP/ d/LnfO{ k7fP/ ;Q/L
xhf/ dg'iox¿nfO{ df¥of] . o:t} b]v]/ s'g} sljn] n]v]sf 5g\, ;To xf] ls—
If0f] ?i6M If0f] t'i6f] ?i6:t'i6M If0f] If0f] . cJojl:ytlrQ:o k|;fbf]˜lk eoÍ/M ..
h;/L sf]O{ dg'io If0fdf k|;Ì, If0fdf ck|;Ì x'G5 cyf{t\ If0f–If0fdf k|;Ì–ck|;Ì x'G5,
To:tfsf] k|;Ìtf klg eobfos x'G5, To:t} nLnf O{;fO{x¿sf] O{Zj/sf] 5 ..^)..
P]o"asf] k':ts -ha"/_ -!#=@=*_
d"n—^!— / Ps lbg o:tf] eof] ls k/d]Zj/sf] cufl8 O{Zj/sf] k'q cfP/ pleof] / z}tfg
klg pgsf] dWodf k/d]Zj/sf] cufl8 cfP/ pleof] .. / k/d]Zj/n] z}tfgnfO{ ;f]w] ls tF sxfFaf6
cfpFb}5;\ <, ta z}tfgn] pQ/ lb+b} k/d]Zj/;Fu eGof] ls k[YjLdf 3'Db} / otf–ptf lkmb}{ cfO/x]sf]
5' .. ta k/d]Zj/n] z}tfgnfO{ ;f]Wof] ls t}+n] d]/f] bf; P]o"anfO{ hfFr]sf] 5;\ ls p;sf] ;dfg
k[YjLdf c¿ sf]xL 5}g, Tof] l;4 / v/f] hg O{Zj/b]lv 8/fpF5 / kfkb]lv cnu /xG5 / clxn];Dd
cfˆgf] ;RrfO{nfO{ yfd]/ /fv]sf] 5 / t}+n] dnfO{ To;nfO{ csf/0f gfz ug{sf] nflu pS;fO;\ .. ta
z}tfgn] pQ/ lbP/ k/d]Zj/nfO{ eGof] ls w"t{sf] nflu w"¤of{O{+, k/Gt' k|f0fsf] abnfdf dg'ion] cfˆgf]
;a} yf]s lbG5 .. k/Gt' clxn] cfˆgf] xft a9fP/ To;sf] xf8–df;'nfO{ 5f]Ob], ta To;n] lgM;Gb]x
tFnfO{+ t]/f] ;fd'Ì] lgGbf ug]{5 .. ta k/d]Zj/n] z}tfgnfO{ eGof] ls, x]/ Tof] t]/f] xftdf 5, s]jn
To;sf] k|f0fnfO{ arfOb] .. ta z}tfg k/d]Zj/sf] cufl8af6 lgl:sof] / P]o"asf] lz/b]lv kfp;Dd
g/fd|f];Fu vl6/fn] kLl8t u/fof] .. —ha"/ -P]o"akj{÷cWofo @÷cfot !–&_ ..
;dLIfs— ca x]g'{xf];\ O{;fO{x¿sf] O{Zj/sf] ;fdYo{ Û ls z}tfgn] p;sf] ;fd'Ì] p;sf
eQmnfO{ b'Mv lbG5 . g z}tfgnfO{ b08, g t cfˆgf] eQmnfO{ arfpg ;Sb5 g t p;sf b"tx¿n] g}
To;sf] ;fdgf ug{ ;Sb5g\ . Pp6f z}tfgn] ;a}nfO{ eoeLt agfP/ /fv]sf] 5 . / O{;fO{sf] O{Zj/
klg ;j{1 xf]Og . olb ;j{1 x'GYof] eg] t P]o"asf] k/LIff z}tfg;Fu lsg u/fpFYof] < ..^!..
pkb]zsf] k':ts -ha"/_ -!#=@=(_
d"n—^@— xf] d]/f] cGtMs/0fn] a'l4 / 1fg w]/} b]v]sf] 5 .. d}n] cfˆgf] dg nufPF ls a'l4 /
1fgsf] e]b lnpFm / afjn]kg / d"v{tfnfO{ klg hfg"F, dnfO{ yfxf eof] ls of] klg jfo'nfO{ ;dfpg'
h:t} sl7g xf] .. lsgeg] w]/} a'l4sf] ;fy w]/} v]b klg x'G5, / h;n] cfˆgf] 1fg a9fpF5 To;n]
cfˆgf] b'Mv klg a9fpF5 .. —ha"/ -;ef]kb]zs kj{÷cWofo !÷cfot !^, !&, !*_ ..
;dLIfs— ca x]g'{xf];\ Û h'g a'l4 / 1fg zAb kof{ojfrL x'g\, To;nfO{ b'O{ dfGb5g\ . /
a'l4sf] j[l4df zf]s / b'Mv dfÌ', lagf cljåfg\sf] o:tf] n]v s;n] ug{ ;Sb5 < To;}n] of] afOan
O{Zj/n] agfPsf] t x'Fb}xf]Og eg] s'g} ljåfg\n] agfPsf] klg xf]Og ..^@..
oxfF yf]/}dfq tf}/]t / ha"/sf] ljifodf n]lvof] . o;sf] cufl8 yf]/}dfq dQL cflb /lrt
O~hLnsf] ljifodf n]lvg]5, clxn] h;nfO{ O{;fO{x¿n] 7"nf] k|df0fe"t dfGb5g\, h;sf] gfd O~hLn
/fv]sf 5g\, To;sf] k/LIff yf]/}dfq n]Vb5' s:tf] nfUb5 .
-v_ gofF ljwfgsf] k':ts -O~hLn_ -!#=#_
dQL/lrt O~hLn -!#=#=!_
d"n—^#— oLz' v«Li6sf] hGd o; /Lltaf6 eof], p;sL cfdf dl/odsf] o";'kml;t d+ugL
-ljjfxsf] nflu jrgj4_ ePsf] lyof] . k/Gt' pgsf] ljjfx x'g'eGbf klxnf g} b]lvof] ls pgL kljq
cfTdfaf6 ue{jtL 5g\ .====x]/ k/d]Zj/sf] Pp6f b"tn] :jKgdf p;nfO{ bz{g lbP/ eGof] ls— x]
bfpmbsf ;Gtfg o";'km tF cfˆgL :qL dl/odnfO{ oxfF Nofpgaf6 g8/f lsgeg] p;sf] k]6df h'g
ue{ /x]sf] 5 Tof] kljq cfTdfaf6 ePsf] xf] . —O~hLn -dQLkj{÷cWofo !÷cfot !*, @)_ ..
;dLIfs— oL s'/fx¿nfO{ s'g} ljåfg\n] dfÌ ;Sb}g ls hf] k|ToIfflb k|df0f / ;[li6qmdb]lv
lj?4 5 . oL s'/fx¿nfO{ dfÌ' hËnL dg'iosf] sfd xf], ;Eo ljåfg\x¿sf] xf]Og . enf Û hf]
k/d]Zj/sf] lgod xf] To;nfO{ s;}n] tf]8\g ;Sb}g / k/d]Zj/n] klg pN6f]–kfN6f] u/]df t p;sf]
cf1fnfO{ s;}n] dfÌ]5}g / Tof] klg ;j{1 / lge|{d /xg]5}g . o:t} xf] eg] t h'g–h'g s'df/Lsf] ue{
/xFg hfG5 ta ;a}n] o:tf] eÌ ;Sg]5g\ ls o;df ue{ /xg' O{Zj/lt/af6 ePsf] xf] / e'm6–d'6
elglbg] ls k/d]Zj/sf] b"tn] dnfO{ ;kgfdf eg]sf] 5 ls of] ue{ k/dfTdflt/af6 /x]sf] xf] . h:tf]
of] c;Dej k|k~r /r]sf 5g\, To:t} g} ;"o{af6 s'GtL ue{jtL x'g' klg k'/f0fx¿df c;Dej n]lvPsf]
5 . o:tf–o:tf s'/fx¿nfO{ …cfFvfsf cGwf ufF7sf k"/fÚ n] dfg]/ e|dhfndf kb{5g\ . oxfF o:tf] s'/f
eof] xf]nf ls s'g} k'?if;Fu ;dfud x'gfn] dl/od ue{jtL eO{xf]nL, p;n] jf s'g} bf];|fn] o:tf]
c;Dej s'/f] p8fOlbof] xf]nf ls ue{ O{Zj/lt/af6 /x]sf] xf] ..^#..
d"n—^$— ta cfTdfn] oLz'nfO{ hËndf nu]/ z}tfgåf/f p;sf] k/LIff lng rfXof] .. Tof]
rfnL; lbg / rfnL; /ft lg/fxf/ /Xof] cGtdf p;nfO{ ef]s nfUof] .. ta k/LIff lng]jfnfn] eGof]
ls olb tF O{Zj/sf] k'q xf];\ eg] t elgb] ls of] 9'Ëf /f]6L agf];\ ..
—O~hLn -dQLkj{÷cWofo $÷cfot !, @, #_ ..
;dLIfs— o;df :ki6 l;4 x'G5 ls O{;fO{x¿sf] O{Zj/ ;j{1 xf]Og . lsgeg] ;j{1 x'GYof] eg]
t p;sf] k/LIff z}tfgaf6 lsg u/fpFYof] < :jo+ hfÌ ;SYof] . enf Û s'g} O{;fO{nfO{ cfhef]ln
rfnL; /ft lbg ef]s} /fv]df t slxNo} aRg ;Snf < / o;af6 oxL l;4 x'G5 ls g Tof] O{Zj/sf]
5f]/f] lyof] / g t p;df s'g} s/fdt cyf{t\ l;l4 g} lyof], gq eg] t z}tfgsf] ;fd'Ì] 9'Ëfsf] /f]6L
lsg agfPg < / cfk"m ef]sf] lsg /xGYof] < k]ml/ l;4fGt of] xf] ls h;nfO{ k/d]Zj/n] 9'Ëf agfPsf]
5, To;nfO{ /f]6L s;}n] agfpg ;Sb}g / O{Zj/n] klg k"j{s[t lgodnfO{ pN6f] u/fpg ;Sb}g lsgeg]
pm ;j{1 / p;sf ;a} sfdx¿ lagf e'n–r'ssf 5g\ ..^$..
d"n—^%— ha oLz'n] ;'Gof] ls o"xÌfnfO{ ;dft]/ aGbLu[xdf xfn], ta pm unLnlt/ uof] ..
—O~hLn -dQLkj{÷cWofo $÷cfot !@_ ..
;dLIfs— ha ;'g]/ o"xÌfgsf] aGbLu[xdf kg'{ hfGof] eg] t ;j{1 xf]Og . lsg ls ;'g]/ hfÌ'
t c;j{1 hLjx¿sf] sfd xf] . of] ;'g]/ hfÌ', hfg]/ e'Ng' O{Zj/sf] :jefj xf]Og, lsGt' hLjsf]
:jefj xf] ..^%..
 d"n—^^— / oLz' aklt:df lnP/ t'?Gt kfgLaf6 aflx/ lgl:sof], / b]Vof], p;sf] nflu
cfsfz v'Nof]Ù / p;n] k/d]Zj/sf] cfTdfnfO{ k/]jf h:t} u/]/ pqFb} / cfk"mdfly cfpFb} u/]sf] b]Vof] ..
—O~hLn -dQLkj{÷cWofo #÷cfot !^_ ..
;dLIfs— enf Û O{Zj/sf] cfTdfnfO{ cfFvfn] slxNo} b]Vg ;Sb5 < / Jofks O{Zj/ k/]jfsf]
e}+m g t slxNo} pqg] / r9\g] ub{5 . / hf] r9\g]–cf]n{g] ub{5, Tof] O{Zj/ g} x'g ;Sb}g ..^^..
d"n—^&— / pgLx¿nfO{ eGof], d]/f] kl5–kl5 cfcf], t d}n] ltdLx¿nfO{ dfG5] ;dfTg]jfnf
agfpg]5' .. ltgLx¿n] t'?Gt hfnnfO{ 5f]8]/ p;sf kl5 nfu] ..
—O~hLn -dQLkj{÷cWofo $÷cfot !(, @)_ ..
;dLIfs— ljlbt x'G5 ls o;} kfk cyf{t\ h'g tf}/]tdf bz cf1fx¿df n]lvPsf] 5 ls—
…;Gtfgx¿n] cfˆgf] dftf, lktfsf] ;]jf / dfGotf ug'{ h;n] ubf{ pd]/ a9f];\ .Ú ;f] O{;fn] g cfˆgf
dftf–lktfsf] ;]jf u¥of] g t c¿nfO{ pgsf dftf–lktfnfO{ ;]jf ug{ g} lbof] . o;} ck/fwn]
lr/~hLjL /x]g . / of] klg ljlbt eof] ls O{;fn] dg'ionfO{ km;fpgsf] nflu Ps dt rnfPsf] 5
ls hfndf df5fs} ;dfg dg'iox¿nfO{ :jdt hfndf km;fP/ cfˆgf] k|of]hg ;fWg] .
ha O{;f g} o:tf] lyof] eg] t cfhef]lnsf kfb/Lx¿ cfˆgf] hfndf dg'iox¿nfO{ km;fPdf t
s] g} cfZro{ x'G5 < lsgeg] h;/L 7"nf–7"nf / w]/} df5fx¿nfO{ hfndf km;fpg]jfnfsf] k|lti7f /
hLljsf /fd|f] x'G5 . o;} u/L h;n] w]/}nfO{ cfˆgf] dtdf km;fpg ;Sb5 To;sf] clws k|lti7f /
hLljsf x'G5 . o;}n] ubf{ logLx¿ h;n] j]b / zf:qx¿ k9]gg\ g t ;'g], tL lar/f ef]n]
dg'iox¿nfO{ cfˆgf] hfndf km;fP/ pgsf afp–cfdf s'n–s'6'Dab]lv 5'6fOlbG5g\, o;}n] ;a} ljåfg\
cfof{x¿nfO{ of] plrt x'G5 ls :jo+ logsf e|dhfnb]lv aRg' / cGo ef]nf–efnf cfˆgf bfh'–
efOx¿nfO{ klg arfpg] ..^&..
d"n—^*— ta oLz' ;f/f unLn b]zdf pgsf ;efx¿df pkb]z ub}{ / /fHosf] ;';dfrf/
k|rf/ ub}{ / dfG5]x¿df x/ Ps /f]u / x/ Ps JoflwnfO{ lgsf] kfb}{ lx+8Øf] ..====;a} /f]uLx¿nfO{ hf]
gfgf k|sf/sf /f]ux¿ / kL8fx¿af6 b'MvL lyP, e"tu|:tx¿, 5f/] /f]ujfnf / c4f{ËLx¿nfO{ klg lgsf]
kf¥of] .. —O~hLn -dQLkj{÷cWofo $÷cfot @#, @$_ ..
;dLIfs— h;/L cfhef]ln kf]knLnf, e"t–k|]t lgsfNgsf] nflu k'/Zr/0f, cfzLjf{b, hGt/ /
v/fgLsf] r'6\sL lbgfn] e"t–k|]t lgsfNg], /f]ux¿ lgsf] kfg]{ ;fFrf] xf] eg] t Tof] O~hLnsf] s'/f klg
;fFrf] xf]nf . o;}n] ef]n] dg'iox¿nfO{ e|ddf km;fpgsf] nflu oL s'/f x'g\ . olb O{;fO{x¿ O{;fsf]
s'/f dfGb5g\ eg] t oxfFsf b]jL–e}/jsf s'/fx¿ lsg gdfÌ] < lsgeg] tL s'/fx¿ log}sf ;b[z
5g\ ..^*..
d"n—^(— wGo 5g\ tL, hf] dgsf bLg 5g\, lsgeg] :ju{sf] /fHo pg}sf] xf] .. wGo 5g\ tL,
hf] zf]s ub{5g\, lsgeg] ltg}n] zflGt kfpF5g\ .. —O~hLn -dQLkj{÷cWofo %÷cfot #, $_ ..
;dLIfs— :ju{ Pp6f 5 eg] t /fhf klg Pp6f x'g'kb{5 . o;}n] hlt bLg 5g\, tL ;a}
:ju{df uPeg] t :ju{df /fHosf] clwsf/ s;nfO{ x'g]5 < cyf{t\ k/:k/ n8fO{+–le8fO{+ ug]{5g\ / /fHo
Joj:yf v08–a08 x'g hfg]5 . / bLg eÌfn] sËfnx¿ lnPdf t 7Ls ePg, olb lg/ledfgLnfO{
lnof} eg] tfklg 7Ls ePg, lsgeg] bLg / lg/ledfgsf] Psfy{ x'Fb}g . lsGt' hf] dgn] bLg x'G5,
To;nfO{ ;Gtf]if slxNo} x'Fb}g, o;}n] of] s'/f] 7Ls 5}g ..^(..
d"n—&)— nf]k ug{sf] nflu xf]Og, k/Gt' k"/f ug{sf] nflu cfPsf] x"F, ls ha;Dd cfsfz /
k[YjL 8udufpFb}gg\, ta;Dd Joj:yfaf6 Ps dfqf of laGb' klg lagf k"/f ge} /xFb}g .. o;}n] hf]
sf]xLn] oL ;fgf–;fgf cf1fx¿df s'g} Pp6fnfO{ dfGb}g, / To:t} dfG5]x¿nfO{ l;sfpF5 eg], Tof]
:ju{sf] /fHodf ;a} eGbf tNnf] dflgg]5, k/Gt' hf] s;}n] To;nfO{ kfng ub{5 / c¿nfO{ l;sfpF5
eg], ToxL :ju{sf] /fHodf dxfg\ dflgg]5 .. —O~hLn -dQLkj{÷cWofo %÷cfot !*, !(_ ..
;dLIfs— ha cfsfz / k[YjL 8udufpg]5g\ ta Joj:yf klg ;lsg]5 o:tf] clgTo Joj:yf
dg'iox¿sf] x'G5, ;j{1 O{Zj/sf] xf]Og . / of] Ps k|nf]eg / eodfq lbPsf] 5 ls h;n] oL
cf1fx¿nfO{ dfGb}g Tof] :ju{df ;a} eGbf tNnf] dflgg]5 . ha of] O{;fsf] ;fIfL xf] eg] t tf}/]t /
ha"/sf] n]vnfO{ klg O{;fO{x¿n] cjZo dfÌ'kb{5 . oBlk tL k':tsx¿df h'g /fd|f s'/fx¿ 5g\ tL
j]bf]Qm x'gfn] v08gLo x'g ;Sb}g, lsGt' dGtJo 5g\ . k/Gt' ltgdf hlt bf]if 5g\ To;sf] pQ/ lbg'
O{;fO{x¿dfly lge{/ ub{5 . tL k':tsx¿df ax'tf+z t Oltxf; dfq} el/Psf] 5 / y'k|} c;Dej
s'/fx¿ klg 5g\ . o:tf] k':tssf] ;To x'gdf O{;fsf] ;fIfL lbg'n] O{;fnfO{ cljåfg\ agfpFb5 ..&)..
d"n—&!— d}n] ltdLnfO{ eGb}5' ls olb ltd|f] wd{ cWofksx¿ / km/Ll;x¿sf] wd{b]lv clws
gePdf t ltdL :ju{sf] /fHodf k|j]z ug{ kfpg] 5}gf} ..
—O~hLn -dQLkj{÷cWofo %÷cfot @)_ ..
;dLIfs— ha wdf{r/0faf6 g} :ju{ k|fKt x'G5 eg] t, rfx] jxfF, rfx] p; ;dodf, rfx] sf]O{
klg dg'io wdf{Tdf x'g]5, To;n] :ju{ kfpg]5 . O{;fnfO{ dfÌ'kg]{ cfjZostf 5}g ..&!..
d"n—&@— ;f] h;/L ltd|f] :ju{jf;L lktf l;4 x'guP To;/L g} ltdL klg l;4 ag ..
—O~hLn -dQLkj{÷cWofo %÷cfot $*_ ..
;dLIfs— ha ;a}sf lktf k/d]Zj/ x'g\ eg] t O{;fO{x¿ s]jn O{;fsf] lktfnfO{ k/d]Zj/
eGb5g\, of] logLx¿sf] 7"nf] e'nsf] s'/f xf] ..&@..
d"n—&#— xfd|f] lbgel/sf] nflu /f]6L cfh xfdLnfO{ b]pm .. cfˆgf] nflu k[YjLdf wgsf] ;~ro
gu/====.. —O~hLn -dQLkj{÷cWofo ^÷cfot !!, !(_ ..
;dLIfs— o;af6 ljlbt x'G5 ls h'g ;dodf O{;fsf] hGd ePsf] 5, To; ;dodf dfG5]x¿
hËnL / bl/b| lyP tyf O{;f klg To:t} bl/b| lyof] . o;}n] t lbgel/sf] /f]6Lsf] k|flKtsf] nflu
O{Zj/;Fu k|fy{gf uYof]{ / l;sfpFYof] . ha o:tf] xf] eg] t O{;fO{x¿n] wg ;~ro lsg ub{5g\ <
pgLx¿nfO{ rflxG5 ls O{;fsf] jrgb]lv lj?4 grn]/ ;a} bfg k'0o u/]/ bLg x'g'kb{5 ..&#..
d"n—&$— x/ Ps hf] d;Fu Û x] k|e' Û x] k|e' Û eGb5, Tof] :ju{sf] /fHodf k|j]z ug]{5}g====..
—O~hLn -dQLkj{÷cWofo &÷cfot @!_ ..
;dLIfs— ca ljrf/ ug'{xf];\ Û 7"nf–7"nf kfb/L lazk ;fx]a / s[ZrLgx¿ h'g of] O{;fsf]
jrg ;To xf], o:tf] ;DemG5g\ eg] t k|e' cyf{t\ O{Zj/ slxNo} gegf];\, olb o; s'/fnfO{ dfGb}gf}
eg] t kfkaf6 slxNo} aRg ;Sb]gf} ..&$..
d"n—&%— p; lbg y'k|}n] d;Fu eÌ]5g\Ù x] k|e', x] k|e', s] xfdLn] t]/f] gfdaf6 eljiojf0fL
u/]gf}+, / t]/f] gfdn] b'i6fTdfx¿nfO{ lgsfn]gf}+, / t]/f] gfdn] y'k|} crDdsf sfdx¿ u/]gf}+ < .. ta
d}n] pgLx¿l;t ;Demf}tf ul/lbg]5' ls d}n] ltdLx¿nfO{ slxNo} hflgg, x] s'sd{ ug]{jfnfx¿, d]/f]
glhsaf6 6f9f hfcf] .. —O~hLn -dQLkj{÷cWofo &÷cfot @@, @#_ ..
;dLIfs— x]g'{xf];\ Û O{;f hËnL dg'iox¿nfO{ ljZjf; u/fpgsf] nflu :ju{df GofofwLz aÌ
rfxG5, of] s]jn ef]n] dg'iox¿nfO{ k|nf]eg lbg] s'/f] xf] ..&%..
d"n—&^— / x]/, Ps s'i7Ln] glhs cfP/ p;nfO{ k|0ffd u¥of] / eGof] ls, x] k|e' olb t}+n]
rfxG5;\ eg] t, dnfO{ z'4 u/fOb] .. oLz'n] xft a9fP/ To;nfO{ 5f]P/— eGof] ls tF z'4 eO;\, /
Tof] t'/Gt s'i7/f]uaf6 lgsf] aGof] .. —O~hLn -dQLkj{÷cWofo *÷cfot @, #_ ..
;dLIfs— oL ;a} s'/fx¿ ef]nf dg'ionfO{ km;fpgsf] nflu xf] . lsgeg] ha O{;fO{x¿ oL
ljBf ;[li6qmdlj?4 s'/fx¿nfO{ ;To dfGb5g\ eg] t z'qmfrfo{, wGjGtl/, sZok cflbsf s'/f k'/f0f
/ dxfef/t -cflb kj{, cWofo ^!_ df cg]s b}Tox¿sf] d/]sf ;]gfnfO{ Ao'FtfOlbP, a[x:kltsf] k'q
srnfO{ 6'qmf–6'qmf kf/]/ hgfj/ / df5fnfO{ VjfOlbP, k]ml/ klg z'qmfrfo{n] lhpFbf] agfOlbP, kZrft\
srnfO{ df/]/ z'qmfrfo{nfO{ g} VjfOlbP, k]ml/ p;nfO{ k]6}af6 lhpFbf] agfP/ aflx/ lgsfn], cfk"m d/],
pgnfO{ srn] lhpFbf] agfof] . dg'io;lxt j[IfnfO{ tIfsn] e:d u/]sf] lyof], k'gM sZok Clifn]
h:tfsf] t:t} agfOlbP, wGjGtl/n] nfvf}+ d'bf{nfO{ Ao'FtfP, nfvf}+ s'i7 /f]uLx¿nfO{ lgsf] kf/], nfvf}+
cGwf / alx/fx¿nfO{ cfFvf / sfg lbP, cflb syfnfO{ ldYof lsg eGb5g\ <
olb of] s'/f ldYof xf] eg] t O{;fsf] s'/f ldYof lsg xf]Og < h;n] bf];|fsf] s'/fnfO{ ldYof /
cfˆgf] e'm6f] s'/fnfO{ ;To eGb5 eg] t x7L lsg xf]Og < To;}n] O{;fOx¿sf s'/fx¿ s]jn x7 /
n8skgs} ;dfg x'g\ ..&^..
d"n—&&— ta b'O{ e"tu|:t -b'i6fTdf_ dg'io lrxfgaf6 aflx/ lg:s]/ pm ;Fu ldn], hf] clt
k|r08 lyP ls sf]xL klg ltgsf] dfu{af6 hfg ;Sb}gy] .. k]ml/ ltgLx¿n] lrRofP/ eg], x]
k/d]Zj/sf] k'q, xfdLl;t t]/f] s] sfd 5 < s] tF ;dob]lv klxnf g} xfdLnfO{ b'Mv lbgsf] nflu
cfPsf] xf];\ < .. / ltgLx¿b]lv s]xL 6f9f ;'Fu'/x¿sf] ayfg rl//x]sf] lyof] .. tL e"tx¿n] ljGtL u/]
ls olb t}+n] xfdLnfO{ lgsfNb5;\ eg] t ;'Fu'/sf] ayfgdf k7fOb] .. p;n] eGof], hfcf], pgLx¿
lg:s]/ ;'Fu'/sf] ayfgdf k;], / x]/, ;a} ayfg vfN8faf6 xfDkmfn]/ kfgLdf kb}{ 8'a]/ d/] ..
—O~hLn -dQLkj{÷cWofo *÷cfot @*, @(, #), #!, #@_ ..
;dLIfs— enf Û yf]/}dfq klg ljrf/ ug'{xf];\ t oL ;a} s'/f e'm6f] x'g\, lsgeg] d/]sf] dg'io
lrxfgaf6 slxNo} klg lg:sFg ;Sb}g . s;}dfly r9\b}g, g t ;+jfb g} ub{5, oL ;a} s'/f
c1fgLx¿sf x'g\, hf] ls dxfhËnL x'g\, ltg}n] o:tf] s'/fdf ljZjf; ub{5g\ . tL ;'Fu'/x¿sf] xTof
u/fof], ;F'u'/jfnfsf] xflg ug]{sf] kfk O{;fnfO{ eof] xf]nf . / O{;fO{x¿ O{;fnfO{ kfk Ifdf / kljq
ug]{jfnf dfGb5g\ eg] t tL e"tx¿nfO{ kljq lsg ug{ ;s]g < / ;'Fu'/jfnfx¿sf] xfgL lsg
el/lbPg < s] cfhef]lnsf ;'lzlIft O{;fO{ c+u|]hx¿ oL ukmf}8f s'/fx¿nfO{ klg dfGb5g\ xf]nf < olb
dfGb5g\ eg] t e|dhfndf k/]sf x'g\ ..&&..
d"n—&*— x]/ Û dfG5]x¿n] Pp6f ljsnfËnfO{ h'g vf6df ynf kl//x]sf] lyof] oLz'sf] ;fd'Ì]
lnP/ cfP, oLz'n] pgLx¿sf] ljZjf;nfO{ b]v]/ eGof] ls– x] k'q Û 9f8; -w}o{_ afFw, t]/f] kfk Ifdf
ul/Psf] 5 .. —O~hLn -dQLkj{÷cWofo (÷cfot @_ ..
;dLIfs— of] klg s'/f] To:t} c;Dejsf] xf], h:tf] k"j{df n]v]/ cfPsf] 5' / h'g kfk Ifdf
ug]{ s'/f] xf] 5 . Tof] s]jn ef]nf dg'iox¿nfO{ k|nf]eg lbP/ km;fpg' xf] . h;/L Pp6fn] vfPsf]
dlb/f, efË / clkmdsf] gzf csf]{nfO{ nfUb}g . To;/L g} cfk"mn] ul/Psf] kfk csf]{;Fu hfFb}g lsGt'
h;n] ub{5 To;}n] ef]Ub5, oxL O{Zj/sf] Gofo xf] . olb Pp6fn] u/]sf] kfk csf]{nfO{ k|fKt x'G5 eg]
cyjf GofofwLzn] :jo+ lnof] eg] t stf{x¿sf] oyfof]Uo kmn O{Zj/n] lbg]5}g, Tof] cGofosf/L x'g
hfG5 ..&*..
d"n—&(— ;f] ltdL uP/ o;sf] cy{ l;s, lsgeg] d}n] alnbfg xf]Og k/Gt' bof rfxG5'Ù
lsgeg] d}n] wdL{x¿nfO{ xf]Og k/Gt' kfkLx¿nfO{ kZrftfksf] nflu af]nfpg cfPsf] x"F ..
—O~hLn -dQLkj{÷cWofo (÷cfot !#_ ..
;dLIfs— ca ljrf/ ug'{xf];\ ls wdf{Tdfx¿nfO{ O{;fO{ x'g' s]xL cfjZostf 5}g, lsgeg]
pgLx¿ t wd{af6} d'lQmdf hfg]5g\ / o;af6 oxL l;4 x'G5 ls wdf{lb cfr/0f g} d'lQmsf] ;fwg xf]
O{;f xf]Og . lsgeg] O{;fO{ klg ha;Dd wd{ ug]{5}gg\, ta;Dd ltgLx¿sf] klg ;b\ult x'g]
5}g ..&(..
d"n—*)— k]ml/ oLz'n] cfˆgf afx| r]nfx¿nfO{ af]nfP/, pgnfO{ ckljq cfTdfx¿dfly
clwsf/ lbof] ls, ltgLx¿nfO{ lgsfn]/ ;a} k|sf/sf] ladf/Lx¿ / ;a} k|sf/sf] b'a{ntfx¿nfO{ lgsf]
kf¿g\ .. —O~hLn -dQLkj{÷cWofo !)÷cfot !_ ..
;dLIfs— oL ltg} lzio x'g\, h;dWo]df Pp6fn] -#)_ tL; cf]6f l;Ssfsf] nf]edf k/]/
O{;fnfO{ kqmfpg] 5 . / cGo j]if abn]/ 5'§f–5'§} efUg] 5g\ . enf Û ha oL s'/f g} ljBfb]lv lj?4
5g\ eg] t e"t–k|]tx¿ nfUg'–lg:sg', lagf cf}iflw jf kYosf] TolQs} Joflwx¿ 5'6\g' ;[li6qmdaf6
c;Dej 5, o;}n] o:tf s'/fx¿nfO{ dfÌ' c1fgLx¿sf] sfd xf] ..*)..
d"n—*!— lsgeg] af]Ng]jfnf ltdL xf]Ogf} k/Gt' ltd|f] lktfsf] cfTdf ltdLdf af]Nb5 ..
—O~hLn -dQLkj{÷cWofo !)÷cfot @)_ ..
;dLIfs— ha k/d]Zj/sf] cfTdf g} ;a}df af]Nb5 eg] t jxL ldYofefiff0fflb kfkx¿af6
lnKt eP/ b'Mv¿kL g/sdf kg]{5 . olb o:t} xf] eg] t d";faf6 bz cf1fsf] ljifodf pkb]z u¥of]
ls e'm6f] gaf]n, of] pkb]z lsg u¥of] < To;}n] hLjx¿sf] Jojxf/df hLj g} af]Nb5g\, O{Zj/
xf]Og ..*!..
d"n—*@— of] g;Dem ls d k[YjLdf ldnfk u/fpgsf] nflu cfPsf] x"FÙ d}n] ldnfk u/fpgsf]
nflu xf]Og, k/Gt' tnjf/ rnfpgsf] nflu cfPsf] x"F .. d cfPsf] x"F ls, dg'ionfO{ p;sf] lktfb]lv,
5f]/LnfO{ p;sL cfdfb]lv / a'xf/LnfO{ p;sL ;f;"b]lv 5'6ØfOlbgsf] nflu .. dg'iosf j}/L p;}sf
3/sf g} x'g]5g\ .. —O~hLn -dQLkj{÷cWofo !)÷cfot #$, #%, #^_ ..
;dLIfs— o:tf] k'm6 u/fP/ n8fO{+–emu8f drfP/ dg'ionfO{ b'Mv lbg]jfnf / v8\u -tnjf/_
rnfpg], lktf–k'q, cfdf–5f]/L, ;f;"–a'xf/L cflbdf k'm6 u/fP/, k/:k/ j}/ a9fOlbg] dg'iosf] nflu
clt g/fd|f] sfd xf] . ljlbt x'G5 ls O{;fO{x¿n] o;} pkb]znfO{ clws k|rf/df NofPsf 5g\ . hxfF
logLx¿ hfG5g\, ToxL+ e/k"/ k'm6 x'G5 . d]n–ldnfksf] gfdf] lgzfg klg /xFb}g . o;}af6 cfˆgf
l5d]sLx¿af6 cfk;df pgLx¿nfO{ n8fP/, dfndQf dfg]{, s;}sf 5f]/fnfO{ axsfP/ cfdf–afpb]lv
cnu ul/lbP/ gi6 ug{ l;sfPsf 5g\ . of] s]jn bf]if xf] . o;nfO{ tsf{Olbg' w]/} /fd|f] s'/f]
x'g]5 ..*@..
d"n—*#— oLz' eL8df dfG5]x¿;Fu s'/f ul//x]sf] lyof], ta b]Vof], p;sL dftf / efO aflx/
plePsf lyP, / pgL;Fu s'/f ug{ rfxGy] .. s;}n] cfP/ pgnfO{ eGof], x]/ ltd|f] cfdf / efO aflx/
plePsf 5g\ / ltdL;Fu s'/f ug{ rfxG5g\ .. of] ;'g]/ p;n] Tof] eÌ]jfnfnfO{ pQ/ lbof] ls— sf] xf]
d]/f] dftf / sf] xf] d]/f] efO < —O~hLn -dQLkj{÷cWofo !@÷cfot $^, $&, $*_ ..
;dLIfs— x]g'{xf];\ Û k|yd t tf}/]t / ha"/sf] O{;f ;fIfL lbG5 ls p;sf] Ps laGb' klg e'm6f]
5}g . / To;df cfˆgf] dftf, lktfsf] dfg /fVgsf] nflu n]lvPsf] 5 . / oxfF dftf cflbsf] ckdfg
ub{5 . of] s]jn x7sf] s'/f xf] . / o;}n] ubf{ cfˆgf] cfo' ljz]if klg kfPg . lsgeg] O{;fn] olb
dftf–lktfsf] ;]jf ub{Yof] eg] t cfo' klg a9\g] lyof] . / of] k"jf{k/ lj?4 s'/f x'gfn] O{;f slQ klg
ljåfg\ lyPg . xf], tL hËnL dg'io dWo]df s]xL c;n lyof] ..*#..
d"n—*$— ta oLz'n] To;nfO{ ;f]Wof], ltdL;Fu slt /f]6L 5 < To;n] eGof] ;ft /f]6L / yf]/}
df5f 5 .. ta p;n] dfG5]x¿nfO{ e'OFdf a:gsf] nflu cf1f lbof] .. / Tof] ;ft /f]6L / df5f lnP/
wGojfb ub}{ Roft]/ cfˆgf r]nfx¿nfO{ lb+b} uof], / r]nfx¿n] dfG5]nfO{ afF8\b} uP .. ToxfF ePsf ;a}
dfG5]n] vfP/ t[Kt eP clg ar]sf] 6'qmf ;ft 6f]s/L e/L p7fP .. / vfg]jfnfx¿df :qLx¿
aRrfx¿nfO{ 5f]8]/ rf/ xhf/ k'?if lyP ..
—O~hLn -dQLkj{÷cWofo !%÷cfot #$, #%, #^, #&, #*_ ..
;dLIfs— ca x]g'{xf];\ Û s] of] cfhef]lnsf e'm6f l;4x¿ / OGb|hfnL cflbs} ;dfg 5nsf]
s'/f] xf]Og < tL /f]6Lx¿df c¿ /f]6L sxfFaf6 cfof] < olb O{;fdf o:tf] l;l4 x'GYof] eg] t cfk"m
ef]sf] eP/ c~hL/sf] kmn vfgsf] nflu lsg e6\sGYof] < cfˆgf] nflu df6f], kfgL / 9'Ëf cflbaf6
df]xgef]u /f]6Lx¿ lsg agfpg ;s]g < oL ;a} s'/fx¿ s]6f–s]6Lsf] v]nsf] h:tf] 5 . h;/L slt
;fw'n] j}/fuL o:t} 5nsf] s'/f u/]/ ef]n] dg'iox¿nfO{ 7Ub5g\, To:t} of] klg 5 ..*$..
d"n—*%— dg'iosf] k'q cfˆgf :ju{b"tx¿sf] ;fy cfˆgf] lktfsf] dlxdfdf cfpg]5, / To;
;dodf p;n] x/]snfO{ pgsf] sd{sf] cg';f/ k|ltkmn lbg]5 ..
—O~hLn -dQLkj{÷cWofo !^÷cfot @&_ ..
;dLIfs— ha sdf{g';f/ kmn lbg] 5 eg] t O{;fO{x¿sf] kfk Ifdf x'gsf] pkb]z ug'{ Joy{ 5
/ Tof] ;fFrf] xf] eg] t of] e'm6f] x'g hfG5 . olb sf]O{ eGb5 ls dfkm ug{ of]Uo Ifdf ub{5g\ / Ifdf
gug{ of]Uo Ifdf ul/+b}g, of] klg 7Ls xf]Og, lsgeg] ;a} sd{x¿sf] kmn oyfof]Uo lbgfn] g} Gofo /
bof k"/f x'g] ub{5 ..*%..
d"n—*^— oLz'n] pQ/ lbof], x] cljZjf;L / x7Lnf hgx¿ xf] d slxn];Dd ltd|f ;fydf
/xg]5' < slxn];Dd ltd|f] ;xg]5' < To;nfO{ oxfF d]/f] glhsdf lnP/ cfcf] .. p;n] pgLx¿nfO{
eGof], cfˆgf] ljZjf;sf] 36Lsf] sf/0f d}n] ltdLx¿nfO{ ;To eGb}5' olb ltdLnfO{ tf]/Lsf] u]8f hlQ
klg ljZjf; 5 eg] t ltdLx¿n] o; kxf8;Fu eÌ ;Sg]5f} ls oxfFaf6 ;/]/ ptf hf, Tof] ;/]/
hfg]5 / s'g} sfd ltdLx¿af6 c;fWo x'g]5}g . —O~hLn -dQLkj{÷cWofo !&÷cfot !&, @)_ ..
;dLIfs— cfhef]ln hf] O{;fO{x¿ pkb]z ub}{–lkmb{5g\ ls …cfcf] xfd|f] dtdf kfk Ifdf u/fcf}+
d'lQm kfcf]Ú of] ;a} ldYof xf] . lsgeg] olb O{;fdf kfk 5'6fpg], ljZjf; hdfpg] / kljq u/fpg]
;fdYo{ x'GYof] eg] t cfˆgf lziox¿sf cfTdfx¿nfO{ lgikfk, ljZjf;L, kljq lsg ub}{gYof] < hf]
O{;fsf] ;fy–;fy} 3'Dby] . ha pg}nfO{ z'4, ljZjf;L / sNof0f ug{ ;s]g eg], Tof] d/]k5fl8 ghfg]
sxfF 5 < cfhef]ln s;}nfO{ kljq ug{ ;Sb}g ..
ha O{;fsf r]nf tf]/Lsf] u]8f hlQ klg ljZjf;b]lv /lxt lyP / pg}n] of] O~hLn k':ts
agfPsf x'g\, ta o;sf] k|df0f x'g ;Sb}g . lsgeg] hf] cljZjf;L, ckljqfTdf, cwdL{ dg'iox¿sf]
n]v x'G5 To;dfly ljZjf; ug{ sNof0fsf] OR5f ug]{jfn] dg'iox¿sf] sfd xf]Og / o;}af6 of] klg
l;4 x'g ;Sb5 ls olb O{;fsf] jrg ;fFrf] xf] eg] t, clxn] s'g} O{;fO{df Ps tf]/Lsf] u]8f hlQ
…ljZjf;Ú cyf{t\ O{dfg 5}g . olb s;}n] eGb5 ls xfdLdf k"/f jf yf]/} ljZjf; 5 ta To;nfO{ eÌ'
ls ltdLn] o; kxf8nfO{ dfu{af6 x6fOb]pm, olb To;n] x6fpgfn] x6]df klg k"/f ljZjf; x'Ì lsGt'
Ps tf]/Lsf] u]8f a/fa/ xf] / olb x6fpg ;s]g eg] t ;Demg' ls Ps l5+6f] a/fa/ klg ljZjf;
…O{dfgÚ cyf{t\ wd{ O{;fO{x¿df 5}g . olb s;}n] eGb5 ls oxfF cledfg cflb bf]ifx¿sf] gfd kxf8
xf] ta klg 7Ls xf]Og, lsgeg] olb o:t} xf] eg] t d'bf{x¿, cGwfx¿, s'i7Lx¿, e"tu|:tx¿nfO{
lgsf] kfg'{ klg cN5L, c1fgL, ljifoL / e|fGtx¿sf] af]w u/]/ ;r]t, s'zn u/fof]xf]nf . olb o:tf]
dfg]df klg 7Ls x'Fb}g, lsgeg] olb o:tf] x'GYof] eg] t :jlziox¿nfO{ lsg o:tf] ug{ ;Sy]g <
To;}n] o:tf c;Dej s'/f eÌ' O{;fsf] c1fgtfsf] k|sfz ub{5 .
enf Û h]–hlt klg O{;fdf ljBf x'GYof] eg] t o:tf] c6f6"6 hËnLkgsf] s'/f lsg eGYof] <
tyflk—
…oq b]z] b|'df] gfl:t tq}/08f]˜lk b|'dfot]Ú
h'g b]zdf s'g} j[If g} x'Fb}g eg] t To; b]zdf P/08sf] j[IfnfO{ ;a} eGbf 7"nf] / /fd|f]df
uGb5g\ . To:t} dxfhËnL b]zdf O{;fsf] x'g' klg 7Ls lyof], cfhef]ln O{;fsf] s] u0fgf x'g
;Sb5 < ..*^..
d"n—*&— ====d}n] ltdL;Fu ;fFrf] eGb}5', olb ltdL lkmb}{gf} / afnsh:tf] aGb}gf}, ta :ju{sf]
/fHodf k|j]z ug{ kfpg]5}gf} .. —O~hLn -dQLkj{÷cWofo !*÷cfot #_ ..
;dLIfs— ha cfˆg} OR5fn] dgnfO{ lkm/fpg' :ju{sf] sf/0f / glkm/fpg' g/ssf] sf/0f x'G5
eg] t, s;}sf] kfk–k'0o slxNo} lng ;Sb}g, o:tf] l;4 x'G5 . / afnssf] ;dfg x'g] n]vaf6 ljlbt
x'G5 ls O{;fsf s'/fx¿ ljBf / ;[li6qmdb]lv w]/} lj?4 lyof] / of] klg p;sf] dgdf lyof] ls
dfG5]x¿n] d]/f] s'/fnfO{ afnss} ;dfg dfÌ]5g\, ;f]w–;fw s;}n] klg ug]{5}gg\, cfFvf lrDn]/
dfÌ]5g\ . w]/} O{;fO{x¿sf] afna'l4jt\ r]i6f 5, gq eg] t o:tf] o'lQm, ljBfsf] lj?4 s'/fnfO{ lsg
dfGby] < / of] klg l;4 x'G5 ls olb O{;f cfk"m ljBfxLg afna'l4 x'Gy]g eg] t cGonfO{ afnjt\ aÌ]
pkb]z lsg uYof]{ < lsgeg] hf] h:tf] x'G5 To;n] c¿nfO{ klg cfˆgf] ;b[z agfpg rfxG5
g} ..*&..
d"n—**— ta oLz'n] cfˆgf r]nfnfO{ eGof], d}n] ltdLx¿nfO{ ;fFrf] eGb}5' ls, wgjfg\nfO{
:ju{sf] /fHodf k|j]z ug{ sl7g 5 .. k]ml/ ltdLnfO{ eGb}5' ls, k/d]Zj/sf] /fHodf wgjfg\n] k|j]z
kfpg' eGbf t pFm6n] l;of]sf] gfy|Laf6 kf/ eP/ hfg ;xh x'G5 ..
—O~hLn -dQLkj{÷cWofo !*÷cfot @#, @$_ ..
;dLIfs— o;af6 of] l;4 x'G5 ls O{;f bl/b| lyof] . wgLdfgLx¿n] p;sf] k|lti7f ub}{gy]
xf]nf To;}n] of] n]v] xf]nfg\ . k/Gt' of] s'/f ;fFrf] xf]Og, lsgeg] wgf9Øx¿ / bl/b|x¿df /fd|f–g/fd|f
x'G5g\ . hf] s;}n] /fd|f] sfd ug]{5, ;'v kfpg]5 . / o;af6 of] s'/f klg l;4 x'G5 ls O{;fn]
O{Zj/sf] /fHo s'g} Ps b]zdf dfGbYof], ;j{q xf]Og . ha o:tf] xf] eg] t Tof] O{Zj/ xf]Og, olb
O{Zj/ xf] eg] t p;sf] /fHo ;j{q x'G5Ù k'gM To;df k|j]z ub{5 jf ub}{g, of] eÌ' s]jn cljBfsf]
s'/f xf] . / o;af6 of] s'/f klg cfof] ls hlt O{;fO{ wgf9Ø 5g\ s] tL ;a} g/sdf hfg]5g\ < /
bl/b| hlt ;a} :ju{df hfg]5g\ < enf clnslt klg ljrf/ O{;fd;Ln] ub{y] eg] t hlt ;fdfu|L
wgf9Øx¿;Fu x'G5 Tolt bl/b|;Fu x'Fb}g . olb wgf9Øx¿ ljj]sn] wd{ dfu{df Joo u/] t bl/b| gLr
ultdf kl//fv] klg wgf9Ø pQd ultdf k|fKt x'g ;Sb5g\ ..**..
d"n—*(— oLz'n] pgLx¿nfO{ eGof], d}n] ltdLx¿nfO{ ;fFrf] eGb}5' ls, gofF ;[li6df ha
dg'iosf] k'q cfˆgf] dlxdfsf] l;+xf;gdf a:g]5, hf] ltdLx¿ klg d]/f] kl5 nfu]sf 5f}, afx|
l;+xf;gx¿df a;]/ O;|fPnsf afx| uf]qx¿sf] Gofo ug]{5f} .. / hf] s;}n] 3/x¿, of efOx¿ of
alxgLx¿ of lktf of dftf of 5f]/fx¿ of v]tx¿nfO{ d]/f] gfddf 5f]8]sf 5g\, To;nfO{ ;o u'0ff
ldNg]5M / Tof] cgGt hLjgsf] clwsf/L x'g]5 ..
—O~hLn -dQLkj{÷cWofo !(÷cfot @*, @(_ ..
;dLIfs— ca x]g'{xf];\ O{;fsf] leqsf] nLnf Û ls d]/f] hfnb]lv d/] k5fl8af6 klg dfG5]x¿
pDs]/ ghfpmg\ / h;n] #) rfFbLsf l;Ssfsf] nf]en] cfˆgf] u'?nfO{ kS8fP/ d/fof], To:tf kfkL klg
of];Fu l;+xf;gdf a:g]5g\ / O;|fPnsf s'nnfO{ kIfkftn] Gofo g} ul/g] 5}g lsGt' pgLx¿sf ;a}
ck/fw dfkm / cGo s'nx¿nfO{ Gofo ul/g]5 . cg'dfg x'G5 ls o;}af6 O{;fO{x¿n] w]/} kIfkft u/]/
…s'g} uf]/fn] s'g} sfnf]nfO{ dfl/lbof] eg] tfklg ax'wf kIfkftaf6 uf]/fnfO{ lg/k/fwL 3f]lift u/]/
5f]l8lbG5g\ .Ú o:t} g} O{;fsf] :ju{sf] klg Gofo xf]nf / ;a} eGbf 7"nf] bf]if logsf] Gofodf k|0ffnLdf
cfpF5 lsgeg] Pp6f ;[li6sf] cflbdf d¥of] / csf]{ rflx+ …sofdtÚ sf] /ftsf] lgs6df d¥of] eg],
Pp6f t cflbb]lv cGt;Dd cfzfdf g} kl//fVof] ls slxn] d]/f] Gofo x'g]5 / csf]{rflx+sf] plt j]n}
Gofo eof], of] slt 7"nf] cGofo eof], / hf] g/sdf hfg]5, To;n] cgGtsfn;Dd g/s ef]uf];\ / hf]
:ju{df hfg]5, To;n] ;bf :ju{sf] kmn ef]Ug]5, lsgeg] oxfF klg a8f] cGofo 5 . sf/0f cGtjfnf
;fwg / sd{x¿sf] kmn cGtjfnf x'g'kb{5, / t'No kfk jf k'0o b'O6} Pp6f hLjsf] x'g ;Sb}g, To;}n]
tf/tDoaf6 w]/}–yf]/} ;'v–b'Mvjfnf cg]s :ju{ / g/s x'g'kb{5, ta g} ;'v–b'Mv ef]Ug ;Sb5g\, ;f]
O{;fO{x¿sf] k':tsdf sxL+ klg o:tf] Joj:yf 5}g, To;}n] of] k':ts O{Zj/s[t jf O{;f O{Zj/sf] k'q
slxNo} x'g ;Sb}g . of] a8f] cgy{sf] s'/f 5 ls sbflk s;}sf] afp–cfdf ;o–;o x'g ;Sb}gg\ lsGt'
Pp6fsf] Pp6L cfdf / Pp6} afp x'G5 . cg'dfg 5 ls d';ndfgx¿n] …Pp6fnfO{ &@ :qLx¿
alxZtdf -:ju{df_ ldNb5Ú eg]/ n]v]sf 5g\, ;f] logLx¿n] ToxL+af6 lnP xf]nfg\ ..*(..
d"n—()— laxfg ha Tof] gu/df kms{+b} lyof] ta p;nfO{ ef]s nfUof] .. / dfu{df Pp6f
c~hL/sf] j[If b]v]/ ToxfF uof], k/Gt' To;df kmn lyPgg\ s]jn kftdfq} lyP, / p;n] eGof] tFdf
k]ml/ kmn slxNo} gnfuf];\, o:tf] eg]kl5 c~hL/sf] j[If t'?Gt ;'Sg uof] .
—O~hLn -dQLkj{÷cWofo @!÷cfot !*, !(_ ..
;dLIfs— ;a} kfb/Lx¿ O{;fO{ eGb5g\ ls Tof] a8f] zfGt, IfdflGjt, qmf]wflb bf]if/lxt lyof] .
k/Gt' o; s'/fnfO{ x]bf{ qmf]wL, Ct'sf] 1fg/lxt O{;f lyof] / Tof] hËnL dg'iokgsf] :jefjo'Qm
jQ{GYof] . enf Û j[If h8 kbfy{ xf], To;sf] s] ck/fw lyof] ls To;nfO{ >fk lbof] / Tof] ;'Sof],
To;sf] >fkn] t ;'s]g xf]nf k/Gt' s'g} To:tf] cf}iflw xfNgfn] ;'Sg uPdf t s'g} cfZro{ 5}g ..()..
d"n—(!— tL lbgx¿sf Sn]zk5fl8 t'?Gt ;"o{ cFw]/f] x'g]5, / rGb|dfsf] k|sfz klg x/fpFb}
hfg]5, / tf/f cfsfzaf6 v:g]5g\ / cfsfzsf ;]gfx¿ xlNng]5g\ ..
—O~hLn -dQLkj{÷cWofo @$÷cfot @(_ ..
;dLIfs— jfx hL O{;f Û tf/fx¿sf] s'g ljBfaf6 v:g ltdLn] hfGof} / cfsfzsf] ;]gf
s'grflx+ xf], h'g xlNng]5 < olb slxNo} O{;fn] yf]/} dfq klg ljBf k9]sf] eP t cjZo hfÌ] lyof]
ls tf/f ;a} e"uf]n x'g\, s;/L v:g ;Sb5g\ . o;af6 ljlbt x'G5 ls O{;f l;sdL{sf] s'ndf pTkÌ
ePsf] bfp/f lrg]{, af]qmf 5f]8fpg], sf6\g] / hf]8\g] uYof]{ xf]nf . ha t/Ë p7Øf] ls d klg o;
hËnL b]zdf k}uDa/ x'g ;Sg]5', s'/f ug{ yfNof] . slt s'/f t p;sf] d'vaf6 /fd|f klg lg:s] /
w]/}h;f] g/fd|f, ToxfFsf dfG5]x¿ hËnL lyP, dfÌ yfn] . h;/L cfhef]ln o"/f]k b]z pÌlto'Qm 5,
To:t} k"j{df x'GYof] eg] t O{;fsf] l;4fO{ s]xL klg rNg] lyPg . cfhsfn s]xL ljBfjfg\ eP kZrft\
klg Jojxf/sf] k]r / x7n] ubf{ o; kf]sn dtnfO{ g5f]8]/ ;j{yf ;To j]bdfu{lt/ e'mSb}gg\, oxL
logdf Go"gtf 5 ..(!..
d"n—(@— a? cfsfz / k[YjL 8udufpnfg\, k/Gt' d]/f] s'/f slxNo} v]/ hfFb}g ..
—O~hLn -dQLkj{÷cWofo @$÷cfot #%_ ..
;dLIfs— of] s'/f] klg cljBf / d"v{tfsf] xf] . enf Û cfsfz 8udufP/ sxfF hfg]5 < ha
cfsfz clt ;"Id x'gfn] cfFvfn] b]Vg} ;Sb}g eg] t 8udufPsf] s;n] b]Vg ;Snf < / cfˆgf]
d'vaf6 cfˆgf] a8fO ug'{ c;n dfG5]sf] sfd xf]Og ..(@..
d"n—(#— ta p;n] afofFlt/sfnfO{ eÌ]5, x] >flktx¿ xf] Û d]/f] ;fd'Ì]af6 To; cgGt
cfuf]df hfcf], hf] z}tfg / To;sf b"tx¿sf nflu tof/ ul/Psf] 5 ..
—O~hLn -dQLkj{÷cWofo @%÷cfot $!_ ..
;dLIfs— enf, of] slt 7"nf] kIfkftsf] s'/f xf] Û hf] cfˆgf lzio x'g\, ltgLx¿nfO{ :ju{ /
hf] c¿ 5g\, pgLx¿nfO{ cgGt cfuf]df v;fNg] . k/Gt' ha …cfsfz g} /xFb}gÚ eg]/ n]v]kl5 t
cgGt cfuf]sf] g/s cyf{t\ alxZt sxfF /xg]5 < olb z}tfg / To;sf b"tx¿nfO{ O{Zj/n]
agfpFb}gYof] eg] t olt lj£g g/ssf] tof/L lsg ug{ kb{Yof] < / hfaf] Pp6f z}tfg g} O{Zj/sf]
eob]lv 8/fPg eg] t Tof] O{Zj/ g} s] xf] < lsgeg] To;}sf] b"t eP/ klg afuL aGof] / O{Zj/n]
To;nfO{ k|yd g} kqm]/ aGbLu[xdf xfNg ;s]g, g t dfg{ ;Sof], k'gM To:tfsf] O{Zj/tf s] < h;n]
O{;fnfO{ g} rfnL; lbg;Dd b'Mv lbof], O{;fn] klg To;sf] s]xL ug{ ;s]g eg] t O{Zj/sf] 5f]/f] x'g'
Joy{ eof] . o;}n] O{;f g O{Zj/sf] k'q / g t afOansf] O{Zj/, O{Zj/ x'g ;Sb5 ..(#..
 d"n—($— ta afx| lziox¿ dWo]df Pp6f ox"bL O:sl/of]tL gfds r]nf] k|wfg ofhsx¿
sxfF uof] / eGof] ls olb d}n] oLz'nfO{ tkfO{+x¿sf] xftdf kqmfOlbPF eg] t tkfO{+x¿n] dnfO{ s]
lbg'x'G5 < pgLx¿n] To;nfO{ tL; rfFbLsf l;Ssf tf}n]/ lbP ..
—O~hLn -dQLkj{÷cWofo @^÷cfot !$, !%_ ..
;dLIfs— ca x]g'{xf];\ Û O{;fsf] ;a} s/fdt / O{Zj/tf oxfF v'Ng uof], lsgeg] h'g p;sf]
k|wfg ofhs lzio lyof], Tof] klg p;sf] ;fIft\ ;Ëaf6 kljqfTdf ePg eg] t, c¿nfO{ d/]k5fl8
kljqfTdf s] u/fpg ;Sb5 < / p;sf ljZjf;L dfG5]x¿ p;sf e/f];fdf slt 7lug hfG5g\ xf]nf,
lsgeg] h;sf ;fIfft\ ;DaGwdf /xFbf klg lziosf] s]xL sNof0f ug{ ;s]g, To;n] d/]kl5 s;}sf] s]
sNof0f ug{ ;Snf < ..($..
d"n—(%— ha ltgLx¿n] vfO/fv]sf lyP, ta oLz'n] /f]6L lnof], / cfzLif dfu]/ /f]6L
RofTof], / lziox¿nfO{ lbP/ eGof]— nf} vfcf], of] d]/f] b]x xf] .. k]ml/ p;n] s6f}/f lnP/, wGojfb
u¥of], / pgLx¿nfO{ lb+b} eGof], ltdL ;a}n] o;nfO{ lkcf] .. lsgeg] of] jfrfsf] d]/f] /ut xf], h'g
w]/}sf] nflu kfkx¿sf] Ifdfsf] lgldQ aufpg] ul/G5 ..
—O~hLn -dQLkj{÷cWofo @^÷cfot @^, @&, @*_ ..
;dLIfs— enf, s] o:tf] s'/f] s'g} klg ;Eon] ub{5 < lagf cljåfg\ hËnL lziox¿;Fu vfg]
rLhnfO{ cfˆgf] df;' / lkpg] rLhnfO{ /ut eÌ ;Sb}g . / o;} s'/fnfO{ cfhef]lnsf O{;fO{x¿ …k|e'
ef]hgÚ eGb5g\ . cyf{t\ vfg]–lkpg] rLhx¿df O{;fsf] df;' / /utsf] efjgf u/]/ vfg]–lkpg] ub{5g\,
of] slt g/fd|f] s'/f] xf] < h;n] cfˆgf] u'?sf] df;' / /utnfO{ klg vfg]–lkpg]sf] efjgfn] 5f]8]gg\
eg] t c¿nfO{ s;/L 5f]8\g ;Sb5g\ ..(%..
d"n—(^— / pm kt/; / hAbLsf] b'O6} k'qnfO{ ;fydf lnP/ uof], k]ml/ pbf; / Jofs'n x'g
yfNof] .. ta p;n] pgLx¿;Fu eGof], d]/f] dg c;fWo} pbf; ePsf] 5, oxfF;Dd ls d]/f] k|f0f lg:sg
rfxG5 ltdL oxL+ a;, / d]/f] ;fydf hfUb} /fv .. k]ml/ pm clnstf cufl8 a9]/ e'OFdf k5fl/of], /
of] k|fy{gf ug{ nfUof] ls, x] d]/f lktf, olb x'g ;Sb5 eg] t, of] s6f}/f db]lv cnk xf];\, t/ klg
h:tf] d}n] rfxG5' To:tf] xf]Og, k/Gt' h:tf] t}+n] rfxG5;\ To:t} xf]cf];\ ..
—O~hLn -dQLkj{÷cWofo @^÷cfot #&, #*, #(_ ..
;dLIfs— x]g'{xf];\ Û olb Tof] s]jn dg'io geP/, O{Zj/sf] k'q, lqsfnbzL{ / ljåfg\ x'GYof] eg]
t o:tf] cof]Uo r]i6f ug]{ lyPg, o;af6 ljlbt x'G5 ls of] k|k~r O{;fn] cyjf p;sf r]nfn]
e'm6d'6 agfPsf x'g\ ls Tof] O{Zj/sf] 5f]/f], e"t eljiot\sf] j]Qf / kfk Ifdf u/fpg] stf{ xf] .
o;}af6 ;Demg'kb{5 ls of] s]jn ;fwf/0f, ;Lwf, ;Rrf, cljåfg\ lyof], g ljåfg\, g of]uL, g t l;4
g} lyof] ..(^..
d"n—(&— p;n] of] elg/x]sf] lyof] ls, x]/ ox"bf h'g afx| lziox¿ dWo]df Pp6f lyof],
cfof], / p;sf] ;fydf dxfofhsx¿ / h]7faf7f dfG5]x¿sf] 7"nf] eL8 lyof], tnjf/ / nÝL lnP/
cfP .. oLz'nfO{ kqmfpg]jfnfn] of] eg]sf] lyof] ls h;nfO{ d}n] DjfOF vfG5', ToxL xf]Ù p;}nfO{
;dfTg' .. / t'?Gt To;n] oLz'sf] glhs cfP/ eGof], x] u'? k|0ffdÙ / p;nfO{ w]/} DjfOF vfof] ..
oLz'n] p;nfO{ eGof]Ù x] ldq, h'g sfdsf] nflu tF cfPsf] xf]; \, To;nfO{ k"/f u/];\ . ta pgLx¿n]
cfP/ oLz'dfly xft xfn], / pgnfO{ klqmP .. =====ta c¿ ;a} lziox¿ p;nfO{ 5f]8]/ efu] .. cGtdf
b'O{ hgf e'm6f ;fIfLn] cfP/ eg] ls, p;n] eg]sf] 5 lsÙ d}n] k/d]Zj/sf] dlGb/nfO{ 9nfpg ;Sb5'
/ To;nfO{ tLg lbgdf agfpg ;Sb5' . ta dxfofhsn] pleP/ p;nfO{ eGof], s] t}+n] s'g} pQ/
lb+b}g;\ < oL dfG5]x¿n] t]/f] lj/f]wdf s] ;fIfL lbPsf 5g\ < k/Gt' oLz' r'k /Xof], dxfofhsx¿n]
p;nfO{ eg] .. d}n] tFnfO{ hLjtf k/d]Zj/sf] zky lbG5' ls, olb tF k/d]Zj/sf] k'q v«Li6 -d;Lx_
xf];\ eg] t, xfdLnfO{ atfOb] .. oLz'n] p;nfO{ eGof]Ù tF cfk}mn] elgxfln;\ lg tM k]ml/ klg d}n]
ltdLx¿l;t of] eGb}5' ls, cab]lv ltdLx¿ dg'iosf] k'qnfO{ ;j{zlQmdfg\sf] bflxg]lt/ a;]/
cfsfzsf] afbndf cfpFb} u/]sf] b]Vg]5f} .. ta dxfofhsn] cfˆgf] n'uf Roft]/ eGof], o;n]
k/d]Zj/sf] lgGbf u/]sf] 5, ca xfdLnfO{ ;fIfLx¿sf] s] k|of]hg < .. x]/, ltdLx¿n] klg clxn] o;n]
u/]sf] k/d]Zj/sf] lgGbf ;'g]sf 5f} Û ltdLx¿sf] ljrf/ s] 5 < pgLx¿n] pQ/ lbP, jw ug{ of]Uo
5 .. ta pg}n] p;sf] d'vdf y's], / p;nfO{ d'8\sLn] lxsf{P, c¿n] yKk8 df/]/ eg] .. x] v«Li6
-d;Lx_ Û xfdLl;t eljioåf0fL u/]/ atf ls s;n] tFnfO{ lk6] < .. / kt/; aflx/ cfFugdf a;]sf]
lyof] ls, Pp6L l76Ln] cfP/ egLÙ tF klg oLz'sf] unLnLsf] ;fydf lyO;\ .. To;n] ;a}sf] ;fd'Ì] of]
eg]/ d'v k]m¥of] / eGof] ls, dnfO{ s]xL yfxf 5}g t}+n] s] eGb}5]; \ .. ha Tof] aflx/ l;+9Ldf k'Uof],
ta csL{ l76Ln] To;nfO{ b]v]/ ;a}sf ;fd'Ì] egL, …of] klg oLz' gf;/Lsf] ;fy lyof]Ú .. To;n]
lwSsf/]/ lsl/of vfFb} eGof] ls d}n] To;nfO{ lrlGbg=====..
—O~hLn -dQLkj{÷cWofo @^÷cfot $&–%), %^, ^!–&$_ ..
;dLIfs— ca x]g'{xf];\ ls h;sf] olt klg ;fdYo{ jf k|tfk lyPg ls cfˆgf r]nfnfO{ klg
b[9 ljZjf; u/fpg ;sf];\ / r]nfx¿ klg rfx] k|f0f} klg lsg ghfcf];\, t/ klg cfˆgf] u'?nfO{
nf]en] kqmfpFb}gg\, lkmb}{gg\, g ldYofefif0f ub{5g\, g t e'm6f] lsl/of g} vfG5g\ . / O{;f klg s'g}
s/fdtL lyPg, gq t tf}/]tdf n]lvPsf] 5 ls— n"tsf] 3/df kfx'gfnfO{ dfg{sf] nflu y'k}|n] cfqmd0f
u/]sf lyP, jxfF O{Zj/sf b'O6f b"t klg lyP, cfqmd0fsf/LnfO{ b'O6}n] cGwf] agfOlbP . oBlk of] klg
s'/f] c;Dej 5 tyflk O{;fdf t olt klg ;fdYo{ lyPg . / cfhef]ln slt e8Daf p;sf] gfddf
O{;fO{x¿n] a9fP/ /fv]sf 5g\ . enf Û o:tf] b'b{zfaf6 dg{ eGbf t cfk"m :jo+ h'e]m/ jf ;dflw
r9fP/ cyjf s'g} k|sf/af6 k|f0f 5f]8\Yof] eg] t /fd|f] lyof] k/Gt' Tof] a'l4 lagf ljBfsf] sxfFaf6
pkl:yt x'g] < ..(&..
Tof] O{:ffn] of] klg eg]sf] 5—
d"n—(*— s] t}n] a'‰b}g;\, ls d}n] cfˆgf] lktf;Fu ljGtL ug{ ;Sb5', / pgn] :ju{b"tx¿sf]
afx| kN6g eGbf clws d]/f] ;dIf clxNo} pkl:yt ul/lbg]5g\ < ..
—O~hLn -dQLkj{÷cWofo @^÷cfot %#_ ..
;dLIfs— wDsfpFb} hfG5, cfˆgf] / cfˆgf] lktfsf] a8fO klg ub}{ hfG5, / clxn] oxfF s]xL
klg ug{ ;Sb}g . x]/ cfZro{sf] s'/f] Û ha dxfofhsn] ;f]w]sf] lyof] ls— …oL dfG5]x¿n] t]/f] lj?4
;fIfL lbPsf 5g\, o;sf] pQ/ b]Ú ta t O{;f r'k /Xof] . of] klg O{;fn] /fd|f] u/]g, lsgeg] h'g
;fFrf] lyof], To;nfO{ ToxfF elglbPsf] eP klg t /fd|f] x'GYof] . w]/} cfˆgf] 3d08sf] s'/f ug'{ plrt
lyPg . / h;n] O{;fdfly e'm6f] cf/f]k nufP/ g/fd|f] xfntdf df/], pgLx¿n] klg o:tf] ug{ plrt
lyPg . lsgeg] O{;fsf] To:tf] k|sf/sf] ck/fw lyPg, h:tf] p;sf] ljifodf ltgLx¿n] u/] . k/Gt'
ltgLx¿ klg hËnL lyP, Gofosf] s'/fnfO{ stf ;Demg] < olb O{;f e'm6d'6sf] O{Zj/sf] 5f]/f] aGb}gYof]
/ ltgLx¿n] p;sf] ;fydf o:tf] oftgf ub}{gy] eg] t b'O6}sf] nflu pQd sfd x'g] lyof], k/Gt' olt
ljBf, wdf{Tdf / GofozLntf sxfFaf6 cfpg] < ..(*..
d"n—((— ha oLz' cWoIfsf] ;fd'Ì] plePsf] lyof] ta cWoIfn] ;f]Wof] s] tF ox"bLx¿sf]
/fhf xf];\ < oLz'n] p;nfO{ eGof], ltdL cfk}mn] elg/x]sf 5f} .. ha k|wfg ofhs / k|frLg dfG5]x¿n]
p;dfly bf]if nufpFy] ta p;n] s]xL klg pQ/ lbPg .. ta lknft';n] p;nfO{ eGof], s] t}+n]
;'Gb}g;\ ls t]/f] lj/f]wdf sltn] ;fIfL lbO/x]sf 5g\ < .. k/Gt' p;n] To;nfO{ Pp6f klg pQ/ lbPg,
of] b]v]/ xflsd a8f] cfZro{df k¥of] ..
lknft';n] pgLx¿l;t ;f]Wof] ls— oLz' cfk"mnfO{ h'g v«Li6 -d;Lx_ atfpF5 s] u¿F, ;a}n]
eg] ls p;nfO{ q"m;df r9fOof];\ . cWoIfn] ;f]Wof] lsg o;n] s] To:tf] g/fd|f] sfd u/]sf] 5 / <
k/Gt' c¿n] klg lrRofpFb}–lrRofpFb} eÌyfn] ls o;nfO{ q"m;df r9fOof];\ .. ha lknft';n] b]Vof]
ls, eL8df p;sf] s'/f] s;}n] ;'Gb}g k/Gt' pN6f] x'nbËf x'g uPsf]5, ta p;n] kfgL lnP/ eL8sf]
;fd'Ì] xft wf]of], / eGof]Ù d o; wdL{sf] /utb]lv lgbf]{if 5', ltdLx¿n] g} hfg ..
o; s'/fnfO{ p;n] a/cAafdfly 5f]l8lbof], / oLz'nfO{ sf]/f{ xgfP/ ;'lDklbof], ls q"m;df
r9fOof];\ .. ta xflsdsf l;kfxLx¿n] oLz'nfO{ lsNnfdf nu]/ p;sf ;f/f kN6gn] p;nfO{
rf/}lt/af6 3]/] .. / p;sf n'uf k'msflnlbP / p;nfO{ ls/ld/] 8f]/L klx/fP .. / sfF8fsf] d's'6
agfP/ p;sf] 6fpsfdf nufOlbP, bflxg] xftdf lgufnf]sf] 8+7L lbP / p;sf] cufl8 3'F8fn] 6]s]/
p;nfO{ 7§fdf p8fpg yfn], ls x] ox"bLx¿sf /fhf gd:sf/ Û / p;dfly y's], ToxL lgufnf] lnP/
6fpsf]df xfÌ yfn] .. ha p;nfO{ 7§f u/]/ p8fO;s], k]ml/ Tof] 8f]/LnfO{ ptf/]/ p;}sf klxnfsf
n'uf nufOlbP/ q"m;df r9fpgsf] nflu lx+8] .. af6fdf hfFbfv]l/ pgLx¿nfO{ zdf}g gfdsf] Ps s'/]gL
dg'io ldNof], pgLx¿n] To;nfO{ a]sf/df ;dft] tfls p;sf] q"m; af]s]/ lx+8f]; \ .. / To; :yfgdf
h'g u'nu'tf gfdsf] 7fpF cyf{t\ vf]k8Lsf] :yfgn] lrlgGYof], ToxfF k'u] .. pgLx¿n] lkQ ldnfPsf]
c+u'//; lkpgsf] nflu lbP, k/Gt' p;n] rfv]/ lkpg rfx]g .. ta pgLx¿n] p;nfO{ q"m;df r9fP,
/ bf]ifkq p;sf] 6fpsfdf nufOlbP / p;sf] n'uf afF8]/ lnP .. / ToxfF a;]/ p;nfO{ kx/f lbg
yfn] ..
/ p;sf] bf]ifkq 6fpsfdf nufOlbP/ eÌyfn] ls of] ox"bLx¿sf] /fhf xf] .. ta p;sf]
;fy}df b'O6f 8fFs"nfO{ Pp6f bflxg]lt/ csf]{nfO{ oLz'sf] afofFlt/ q"m;df r9fP .. / cfpg] –
hfg]jfnfx¿ 6fpsf] xNnfpFb} lgGbf ub{y] .. / o:tf] eGby] ls— x] dlGb/nfO{ 9fn]/ / tLg lbgdf
agfpg]jfnf, tF cfk"mnfO{ arf, olb tF k/d]Zj/sf] k'q xf]; \ eg] t, q"m;af6 tn em/]/ b]vf .. o;}
/Lltaf6 k|wfg ofhsx¿ / k|frLg ;ËLx¿n] klg 7§f u/]/ eg] .. c¿nfO{ t arfO;\, ca cfk"mnfO{
t arfpg ;Sb}g;\ . of] t O;|fPnsf] /fhf xf], ca q"m;af6 tn eml/;\ eg] dfq} xfdLn] ljZjf;
ug]{5f}+ .. o;n] O{Zj/dfly e/f];f /fVb5, olb p;n] o;nfO{ rfxG5 eg] t, ca o;nfO{ k'mTsfcf]; \,
lsgeg] o;n] eg]sf] lyof] ls d k/d]Zj/sf] k'q x"F .. hf] 8fFs" p;sf] ;fydf 6fFluPsf lyP
pgLx¿n] klg o;} /Lltaf6 oLz'sf] lgGbf ub{y] . bf];|f] k|x/b]lv lnP/ t];|f] k|x/;Dd b]zdf cFWof/f]
5fO/Xof] .. t];|f] k|x/sf] lgs6 oLz'n] 7"nf] zAbn] k'sf/]/ eGof]— æPnL, PnL ndf zaStgL <Æ cyf{t\
x] d]/f k/d]Zj/, t}+n] dnfO{ lsg 5f]l8lbO;\ < hf] dfG5] ToxfF lyP, o:tf] ;'g]/ ltgLx¿n] eg] ls—
To;n] t PlnøofxnfO{ k'sf/]sf] 5 .. tL dWo]sf] Pp6f rflx+ t'?Gt bf}l8of], / u2f lnP/ c+u'//;df
lehfof] clg lgufnfsf] 8fF7df /fv]/ p;nfO{ r';fof] .. c¿n] eg] x]b}{/fv, Plnøofx p;nfO{
arfpgsf] nflu cfpF5 ls cfpFb}g .. ta oLz'n] k]ml/ 7"nf] zAbn] lrRofP/ k|f0f Toflulbof] ..
—O~hLn -dQLkj{÷cWofo @&÷cfot !!–!$, @@–@$, @^–%)_ ..
;dLIfs— ;j{yf oLz'sf] ;fy tL b'i6x¿n] g/fd|f] sfd u/] . k/Gt' oLz'sf] klg bf]if 5,
lsgeg] O{Zj/sf] g sf]O{ k'q, g Tof] s;}sf] afp xf] . lsgeg] Tof] s;}sf] afp eof] eg] t s;}sf]
Zj;'/, ;fnf ;DaGwL cflb klg x'G5 . ha cWoIfn] ;f]w]sf] lyof] ta h:tf] ;fFrf] lyof] To:t}
atfpg'kg]{ lyof] . / of] 7Ls xf] ls h'g–h'g cfZro{ sd{ k|yddf u/]sf] ;fFrf] eP t clxn] klg
q"m;af6 tn em/]/ cfP/ ;a}nfO{ lzio agfpg ;Sg] lyof] . / Tof] olb O{Zj/sf] k'q x'GYof] eg] t
kSs} klg O{Zj/n] arfpg] lyof] . olb Tof] lqsfnbzL{ x'GYof] eg] t c+u'//;df lkQ ldn]sf] rfv]/
lsg 5f]8\Yof] < To;n] klxNo}af6 hfÌ ;SYof] . olb Tof] s/fdtL x'GYof] eg] t lrRofpFb}–lrRofpFb}
lsg k|f0f TofUYof] < cyf{t\ rfx] sf]O{ slt g} rt'/fO{ u/f];\, k/Gt' cGtdf ;To–;To / e'm6–e'm6 x'g
hfG5 . o;af6 of] klg l;4 x'G5 ls oLz' Ps To; ;dosf] hËnL dg'iox¿df s]xL /fd|f] lyof] . g
Tof] s/fdtL, g O{Zj/sf] k'q / g t ljåfg\ lyof], lsgeg] olb o:tf] x'GYof] eg] t To;n] b'Mv lsg
ef]UYof] < ..((..
d"n—!))— c¿ klg x]/, 7"nf] e'OFrfnf] uof] ls k/d]Zj/sf] Pp6f b"t :ju{af6 pq]/
lrxfgsf] åf/af6 9'Ëf n8fpFb} To;dfly a:of] . Tof] oxfF 5}g, k/Gt' cfˆgf] jrgs} cg';f/ Ao'FltPsf]
5 . cfcf] of] :yfg x]/, hxfF k|e' lyof] .. / x]/ oLz' pgLnfO{ ldNof] / eGof], gd:sf/ / pgLx¿
glhs cfP/ p;sf] v'§f ;dft]/ b08jt u/] .. ta oLz'n] eGof] g8/fcf], uP/ d]/f efOx¿nfO{ eg
ls unLndf hfg' ToxfF uP/ dnfO{ b]Vg]5f} .. / P3f/ r]nfx¿ unLnsf] To; kxf8df uP hxfF oLz'n]
pgLx¿nfO{ atfPsf] lyof] .. / ltgLx¿n] p;sf] bz{g kfP/ k|0ffd u/], t/ s;} –s;}nfO{ ;Gb]x
eof] .. oLz'n] pgLx¿sf] glhs cfP/ eGof] ls, :ju{ / k[YjLsf] ;f/f clwsf/ dnfO{ lbOPsf] 5 ..
o;}n] ltdLx¿ uP/ ;a} hfltx¿sf dfG5]x¿nfO{ r]nf agfcf] / pgLx¿nfO{ lktf, k'q /
kljqfTdfsf] gfdaf6 aklt:df b]cf] .. / pgLx¿nfO{ ;a} s'/fx¿ h'g d}n] ltdLx¿nfO{ cf1f lbPsf]
5', dfÌ l;sfcf] / x]/, d hut\sf] cGt;Dd ltdLx¿sf] ;Ë 5' ..
—O~hLn -dQLkj{÷cWofo @*÷cfot @, ^, (, !), !^–@)_ ..
;dLIfs— of] s'/f] klg dfÌof]Uo 5}g, lsgeg] ;[li6qmd / ljBflj?4 5 . k|yd O{Zj/;Fu
b"tx¿ x'g', pgLx¿nfO{ hxfF–txfF k7fpg', dflyaf6 emg'{, s:tf] u|fdk|d'v, lhNnfk|d'v h:tf]
agfOlbPsf] 5 . s] To;} z/L/af6 :ju{ uof] / AoF'ltof] < lsgeg] tL :qLx¿n] v'§f ;dft]/ k|0ffd
ubf{ t ToxL z/L/ lyof] < / Tof] tLg lbg;Dd lsg ;8]g < / cfˆgf] d'vn] ;a}sf] clwsf/L x"F eÌ'
s]jn bDesf] s'/f xf] . lziox¿;Fu ldNg' pgLx¿;Fu s'/f ug'{ c;Dej 5 lsgeg] oL s'/fx¿ ;fFrf]
xf] eg] t cfhef]ln klg lsg d'bf{ Ao'Ftb}g < / To;} z/L/af6 :ju{ lsg hfFb}gg\ < ..!))..
oxfF;Dd dQL/lrt O~hLnsf] ljifo k"/f eof] . ca cufl8 dfs{ /lrt O~hLnsf] ljifodf
n]lvG5 .
 dfs{ /lrt O~hLn -!#=#=@_
d"n—!)!— s] of] l;sdL{ xf]Og < h'g dl/odsf] k'q, ofs"a, of];];, ox"bf / zdf}gsf] efO
xf]==== .. —O~hLn -dfs{kj{÷cWofo ^÷cfot #_ ..
;dLIfs— c;ndf o";'km l;sdL{ lyof], o;}n] O{;f klg l;sdL{ lyof] . slt jif{;Dd t
l;sdL{ sfd u/]/ lx+8\Yof] . kZrft\ k}uDa/ aGbf–aGb} O{Zj/sf] k'q g} aGof] / hËnL dfG5]x¿n]
agfP, ta g} a8f] sf/Lu/L rnfof] . sf6–s'6 k'm6–kmf6 ug'{ g} p;sf] sfd xf] ..!)!..
n"sf /lrt O~hLn -!#=#=#_
d"n—!)@— oLz'n] p;nfO{ eGof], t}+n] dnfO{ pQd lsg eGb5;\ < sf]O{ pQd 5}gg\, s]jn
Ps, cyf{t\ k/d]Zj/ . —O~hLn -n"sfkj{÷cWofo !*÷cfot !(_ ..
;dLIfs— ha O{;fn] g} Ps clåtLo O{Zj/ 5 eGb5 eg] t O{;fO{x¿n] kljqfTdf, lktf, k'q
tLg sxfFaf6 agfP < ..!)@..
d"n—!)#— ====ta To;nfO{ x]/f]b];sxfF k7fOlbP====.. x]/f]b]; oLz'nfO{ b]v]/ clt k|;Ì eof],
lsgeg] w]/} lbgb]lv p;n] oLz'nfO{ b]Vg] rfxgf /fv]sf] lyof], lsgeg] p;sf] ljifodf w]/} s'/f ;'g]sf]
lyof], / p;sf] s'g} rdTsf/ x]g]{ cfzf /fVbYof] .. To;n] p;;Fu w]/} s'/fx¿ ;f]lw/fVof], t/ oLz'n]
To;nfO{ s]xL klg pQ/ lbPg .. —O~hLn -n"sfkj{÷cWofo @#÷cfot &, *, (_ ..
;dLIfs— of] s'/f] dQL/lrtdf 5}g, o;}n] oL ;fIfL lalu|P . lsgeg] ;fIfL Ps}gf;] x'g'kb{5 /
olb O{;f rt'/ / rdTsf/L x'GYof] eg] t x]/f]b];nfO{ kSs} klg pQ/ lbGYof] / rdTsf/ klg b]vfpFYof],
o;af6 ljlbt x'G5 ls O{;fdf ljBf / rdTsf/ s]xL klg lyPg ..!)#..
o"xÌf /lrt ;';dfrf/ -!#=#=$_
d"n–!)$— cflbdf jrg lyof], / jrg k/d]Zj/sf] ;fy lyof], / jrg k/d]Zj/ lyof] .. oxL
cflbdf k/d]Zj/sf] ;fy lyof] .. ;a}yf]s p;}åf/f pTkÌ eof] / h]–hlt pTkÌ ePsf] 5, To;af6
s'g} klg j:t' p;sf] lagf pTkÌ ePsf] 5}g .. p;df hLjg lyof]Ù Tof] hLjg dg'iosf] Hof]lt lyof] ..
—O~hLn -o"xÌfkj{÷cWofo !÷cfot !, @, #, $_ ..
;dLIfs— cflbdf jrg lagf jQmfsf] x'g ;Sb}g / olb jrg O{Zj/sf] ;Ë lyof] eg] t
…cflbdf jrg O{Zj/sf] ;Ë lyof]Ú of] eÌ' Joy{ eof] . / jrg slxNo} O{Zj/ x'g ;Sb}g lsgeg] ha
Tof] cflbdf O{Zj/sf] ;Ë lyof] eg] t k"j{ jrg jf O{Zj/ lyof], of] 36\g ;Sb}g . jrgsf] åf/f ;[li6
slxNo} x'g ;Sb}g, ha;Dd To;sf] sf/0f x'Fb}g . / jrgsf] lagf klg r'krfk /x]/ stf{ ;[li6 ug{
;Sb5 . hLjg s;df cyjf s] lyof], o; jrgn] hLjnfO{ cgflb dfÌ]5f}, olb cgflb xf] eg] t
cfbdsf] gy'gfdf Zjf; k'FmSg' e'm6f] eof] / s] hLjg dg'iox¿sf] dfq} Hof]lt xf], kZjflbsf]
xf]Og < ..!)$..
d"n—!)%— / ef]hgsf] ;dodf ha z}tfgn] zdf}gsf] k'q ox"bf O:sl/of]tLsf] dgdf of] s'/f
xfln;s]sf] lyof] ls, p;nfO{ kqmfpg] .. —O~hLn -o"xÌfkj{÷cWofo !#÷cfot @_ ..
;dLIfs— of] s'/f] ;fFrf] xf]Og, lsgeg] ha s;}n] O{;fO{x¿nfO{ ;f]W5 ls z}tfgn] ;a}nfO{
axsfpF5 eg] t z}tfgnfO{ s;n] axsfpF5 < olb eGb5f} ls z}tfg cfk}m axlsG5 t dg'io klg
cfk}m axlsg ;Sb5, k'gM z}tfgsf] s] sfd < / olb z}tfgnfO{ agfpg] / axsfpg]jfnf k/d]Zj/ g}
xf] eg] t ToxL z}tfgsf] z}tfg O{;fO{x¿sf] O{Zj/ 7xl/of] . k/d]Zj/n] g} ;a}nfO{ To; dfk{mt
axsfof] . enf, o:tf] sfd O{Zj/sf] x'g ;Sb5 < ;fFrf] t oxL xf] ls of] k':ts O{;fO{x¿sf] / O{;f
O{Zj/sf] 5f]/f] h;n] agfP tL z}tfg x'g\ t x'g\ lsGt' g of] O{Zj/s[t k':ts, g o;df elgPsf]
O{Zj/ / O{;f O{Zj/sf] k'q x'g ;Sb5 ..!)%..
d"n—!)^— ltd|f] dg Jofs'n gxf];\, O{Zj/dfly ljZjf; /fv / ddfly klg ljZjf; u/ ..
d]/f] lktfsf] 3/df y'k|} a:gsf] nflu :yfg 5, olb x'Fb}gYof] eg], d}n] ltdLnfO{ atfpg] lyPF, lsgeg]
d ltd|f] nflu :yfg tof/ ug{ hfG5' .. / olb d}n] uP/ ltd|f nflu 7fpF tof/ u¿F, t k]ml/ cfP/
ltdLnfO{ d]/f] ToxfF n}hfg]5' ls, hxfF d /xG5' ToxfF ltdLx¿ klg /xg]5f} .. / hxfF d hfG5' ltdLn]
klg ToxfFsf] dfu{ hfg]sf 5f} .. oLz'n] eGof] dfu{, ;RrfO{ / hLjg d g} x"FÙ lagf dåf/f sf]xL klg
lktfsf] 7fpFdf hfg ;Sb}g .. olb ltdLn] dnfO{ hfg]sf eP t d]/f] lktfnfO{ klg hfÌ] lyof}, / ca
p;nfO{ hfg]sf 5f}, / p;nfO{ b]v]sf klg 5f} .. —O~hLn -o"xÌfkj{÷cWofo !$÷cfot !–$, ^,&_ ..
 ;dLIfs— ca x]g'{xf];\ Û of] jrg O{;fsf] s] kf]knLnf eGbf sDtL 5 < olb o:tf] k|k~r
/Rb}gYof] eg] t sf] To;sf] dtdf km:Yof] < s] O{;fn] cfˆgf] lktfnfO{ 7]Ssfdf lnPsf] 5 < / Tof]
O{;fsf] jzdf 5 eg] t, k/fwLg x'gfn] Tof] O{Zj/ x'g ;Sb}g, lsgeg] O{Zj/ s;}sf] l;kmfl/; ;'Gb}g .
s] O{;f eGbf klxnf s;}n] klg O{Zj/nfO{ k|fKt u/]gg\ xf]nf < o:tf] :yfg cflbsf] k|nf]eg lbG5 /
h'g cfˆgf] d'vn] cfˆgf] dfu{, ;To / hLjg agfpF5, Tof] ;a} k|sf/af6 bDeL elgG5, To;}n] of] s'/f]
;To slxNo} x'g ;Sb}g ..!)^..
d"n—!)&— d}n] ltdL;Fu ;fFrf]–;fFrf] eGb}5' h;n] ddfly ljZjf; ub{5, h'g sfd d}n] ub{5'
To;nfO{ p;n] klg ug]{5 / oL eGbf 7"nf sfd klg ug]{5 eg] ;a} cfZro{sf] sd{ ug]{5 lsgeg] d
lktf;Fu hfg] ub{5' .. —O~hLn -o"xÌfkj{÷cWofo !$÷cfot !@_ ..
;dLIfs— ca x]g'{xf];\ Û olb O{;fO{x¿ O{;fdfly olt g} ljZjf; /fVb5g\ eg] t d/]sf
d'bf{nfO{ Ao'Ftfpg] sfd lsg ug{ ;Sb}gg\ < / olb ljZjf;af6 klg cfZro{sf] sfd ug{ ;Sb}gg\ eg]
t O{;fn] klg cfZro{sf] sfd u/]sf] lyPg, o:tf] lglZrt hfÌ'kb{5 . lsgeg] :jo+ O{;fn] g} eGb}5
ls ltdLn] klg cfZro{sf] sfd ug]{5f}, t/ klg o; ;dodf O{;fO{ s'g} Pp6fn] klg ug{ ;Sb}g eg]
t s;sf] lxof]sf] cfFvf] k'm6]sf] 5, To;n] O{;fnfO{ d'bf{ AoF'tfpg] cflbsf] stf{ dfGb5 ..!)&..
d"n—!)*— ====hf] cå}t ;To O{Zj/ xf]====.. —O~hLn -o"xÌfkj{÷cWofo !&÷cfot #_ ..
;dLIfs— ha cå}t O{Zj/ 5 eg] t O{;fO{x¿n] o;/L tLg cf]6f atfpg' ;j{yf ldYof
xf] ..!)*..
o;} k|sf/ y'k|} 7fpFdf O~hLndf cGoyf s'/fx¿ el/Psf 5g\ ..
o"xÌfsf] k|sflzt jfSo -!#=#=%_
ca o"xÌfsf] cb'e't s'/fx¿ ;'Ì'xf];\—
d"n—!)(— / To; l;+xf;gsf] rf/}lt/ rf}aL; l;+xf;g 5g\Ù / oL l;+xf;gx¿df k|frLg Zj]t
j:q klx/]sf a;]sf 5g\, / pgLx¿sf lz/df ;'gsf] d's'6 5 .. / To; l;+xf;gdf lah'nL / uh{g
lg:sG5g\ / l;+xf;gsf] ;fd'Ì] clUgsf ;ft bLks hln/fv]sf 5g\, oL k/d]Zj/sf ;ft cfTdfx¿
x'g\ .. / l;+xf;gsf] ;fd'Ì] :kml6sh:t} sfFrsf ;d'b| 5g\, / l;+xf;gsf] dfemdf / l;+xf;gsf]
rf/}lt/ rf/ k|f0fL 5g\, h;sf cufl8 k5fl8 cfFvf 5g\ .. klxnf] k|f0fL l;+xsf] ;dfg 5, / bf];|f]
afR5fsf] ;dfg 5, t];|f] k|f0fLsf] d'v dg'iosf] h:tf] 5 / rf}yf] k|f0fL pl8/fv]sf lrnsf] h:tf] 5 ..
—O~hLn -k|sflztjfSokj{÷cWofo $÷cfot $, %, ^, &_ ..
;dLIfs— ca x]g'{xf];\ Û Ps gu/sf] t'No O{;fO{x¿sf] :ju{ 5 . / logsf] O{Zj/ klg bLkssf]
;dfg clUg 5 . / ;'gsf d's'6flb cfe"if0f wf/0f ug'{ / cufl8–k5fl8 g]qx¿ x'g' c;Defljt 5 .
oL s'/fx¿nfO{ s;n] dfÌ ;Sb5 < / jxfF l;+xflb rf/ kz' klg n]lvPsf] 5 ..!)(..
d"n—!!)— / hf] l;+xf;gdf a;]sf] lyof], d}n] To;sf] bflxg] xftdf Pp6f k':ts b]v]+, h'g
leq / aflx/ n]lvPsf] lyof], / To;nfO{ ;ftcf]6f df]x/ nufP/ aGb ul/Psf] lyof] .. k]ml/ d}n] Ps
anjGt :ju{b"tnfO{ b]v]+ h'g pRr :j/n] of] k|rf/ ul//x]sf] lyof] ls o; k':tsnfO{ vf]Ng / o;df
nufOPsf] df]x/nfO{ k'msfpg ;Sg] sf]xL 5 < .. . g :ju{df, g k[YjLdf, g t k[YjLsf] tn sf]xL To;
k':tsnfO{ vf]Ng ;Sg] of To; k':tsdf b[li6 nufpg ;Sg] lgl:sof] .. / d w'¿w'¿ ?g nfu]+,
lsgeg] To; k':tsnfO{ vf]Ng]jfnf jf b[li6 ug]{jfnf sf]xL klg lgl:sPg ..
—O~hLn -k|sflztjfSokj{÷cWofo %÷cfot !, @, #, $_ ..
;dLIfs— ca x]g'{xf];\ Û O{;fO{x¿sf] :ju{df l;+xf;g / dg'iox¿sf] 7fF7–afF7 / lstfanfO{
sof}+ zLnaGbL ul/Psf] h;nfO{ vf]Ngsf] nflu :ju{, k[YjL / kftfndf sf]xL ldn]g . o"xÌfsf] ?g' /
kZrft Ps k|frLgn] eGof] ls To;nfO{ jxL O{;fn] vf]Ng]5, k|of]hg …h;sf] ljjfx p;}sf] uLt .Ú
x]g'{xf];\ Û O{;fdfly g} ;a} dfxfTDo g'ufOPsf] 5, k/Gt' oL ;a} s'/fx¿ s]jn sygdfq} x'g\ ..!!)..
d"n—!!!— / d}n] To; l;+xf;g / rf/} k|f0fLx¿ / tL k|frLgx¿sf aLrdf dfgf}+ Pp6f jw
ul/Psf] kf7f] plePsf] b]v]+, To;sf ;ft ;L+u / ;ft} cfFvf lyP, oL k/d]Zj/sf ;ft cfTdfx¿ x'g \,
h'g ;f/f k[YjLdf k7fOPsf] 5 .. —O~hLn -k|sflztjfSokj{÷cWofo %÷cfot ^_ ..
;dLIfs— ca x]g'{xf];\ o; o"xÌfsf] :jKgsf] dgf]Jofkf/ Û To; :ju{sf] aLrdf ;a} O{;fO{ /
rf/ kz' tyf O{;f klg 5 afFsL sf]xL 5}gg\ Û of] a8f] cb\e't s'/f] eof] oxfF t O{;fsf] b'O{ cfFvf lyP
/ ;L+usf] gfd klg lyPg / :ju{df uPkl5 ;ft ;L+u / ;ft cfFvfjfnf eof] Û / tL ;ft} O{Zj/sf
cfTdf O{;fsf] ;L+u / g]q ag]sf lyP . xfo Û o:tf s'/fx¿nfO{ O{;fO{n] lsg dfg] xf]nfg\ < enf s]xL
t a'l4nfO{ sfddf nufPsf] eP ..!!!..
d"n—!!@— / ha p;n] k':ts lnof], ta tL rf/} k|f0fL / rf}aL;} k|frLg To; kf7fsf] ;fd'Ì ]
9n], / k|To]ssf] xftdf jL0ff / w"kn] el/Psf ;'gsf s6f}/f lyP, of] t kljq dfG5]x¿sf] k|fy{gf xf] ..
—O~hLn -k|sflztjfSokj{÷cWofo %÷cfot *_ ..
;dLIfs— enf, ha O{;f :ju{df x'Fb}g ta oL lar/fx¿n] w"k, bLk, g}j]B, cf/tL cflb k"hf
s;sf] ub{5g\ xf]nf < / oxfF k|f]6]:6]+6 O{;fO{x¿ a'Tk/:tL -d"lt{k"hf_ nfO{ t v08g ub{5g\ / logsf]
:ju{ a'Tk/:tLsf] 3/ alg/x]sf] 5 ..!!@..
d"n—!!#— k]ml/ d}n] b]v]+ ls, kf7fn] tL ;ft zLnx¿nfO{ Ps–Ps u/]/ vf]Nof], / tL rf/}
k|f0fLx¿ dWo]df Pp6fsf] uh{gh:tf] zAb ;'lgof], ls cfOh .. / d}n] b[li6 nufPF ls, Pp6f ;]tf]
3f]8f 5, / To;sf] ;jf/L wg'if lnPsf] / To;nfO{ d's'6 lbOPsf] 5, / Tof] ho eGb} lgl:sof] ls
c¿ klg ho k|fKt u/f}+ ..
/ ha To;n] bf];|f] zLn vf]Nof], ta d}n] ;'g]+ ls bf];|f] k|f0fLnfO{ klg cfOh ..
k]ml/ Pp6f 3f]8f lgl:sof], /ftf] /Ësf] lyof], To;sf] ;jf/nfO{ of] clwsf/ lbOof] ls,
k[YjLaf6 d]n–ldnfk p7fP/ n}hf, tfls dfG5]x¿ Ps csf{nfO{ jw ug{ ;s"g\, / To;nfO{ Pp6f 7"nf]
tnjf/ lbof] ..
/ ha To;n] t];|f] zLn vf]Nof], ta t t];|f] k|f0fLn] of] eGb} u/]sf] d}n] ;'g]+ ls, cfOh, / d}n]
b[li6 nufPF ls, ToxfF Pp6f sfnf] 3f]8f 5 .. / ha To;n] rf}yf] zLn vf]Nof], / b]Vof] ls Pp6f
kx]+nf] 3f]8f 5 / To;dfly a;]sfsf] gfd d[To' xf] OToflb ..
—O~hLn -k|sflztjfSokj{÷cWofo ^÷cfot !, @, #, $, %, ^, &, *_ ..
;dLIfs— ca x]g'{xf];\ k'/f0fx¿df eGbf klg clws ldYof nLnf 5 ls 5}g < enf Û k':tssf]
aGwgleq 3f]8fsf] ;jf/ sxfFaf6 x'g ;Sb5 < of] ;kgfsf] ;'gsf] dxn h;n] o;nfO{ ;To dfg]sf
5g, ltgLx¿df cljBf hlt yf]/} egf}+, Tolt g} yf]/} x'G5 ..!!#..
d"n—!!$— / ltgLx¿n] 7"nf] zAbn] k'sfy]{ ls x]— :jfdL kljq / ;To Û slxn];Dd t}+n]
Gofo ub}{g;\ / k[YjLsf lgjf;Lx¿af6 xfd|f] /utsf] abnf ln+b}g;\ .. / k|To]snfO{ ph]nf] j:q lbOof]
/ ltgLx¿nfO{ elgof] ls c¿ yf]/}a]/ lj>fd u/, ha;Dd ltd|f ;ËL bf;, / efO, hf] ltdLx¿sf]
h:t} jw ul/g]5g\, ltgLx¿sf] uGtL k"/f u/]/ ;ls+b}g ..
—O~hLn -k|sflztjfSokj{÷cWofo ^÷cfot !), !!_ ..
;dLIfs— hf] sf]xL O{;fO{ xf]nfg\, ltgLx¿ bf}/f;'k'b{ -s'/fOdf_ o:tf] Gofo u/fpgsf] nflu ?g]
ub{5g\, h;n] j]bdfu{nfO{ :jLsf/ ug]{5, To;sf] Gofo x'gdf slQ klg a]/ nfUg]5}g . O{;fO{x¿;Fu
;f]Wg'kb{5 ls— æsrx/L cfhef]ln aGb 5 < / Gofosf] sfd klg x'Fb}g < GofofwLz lgsDdf a;]sf
5g\Æ eg] t s]xL klg 7Ls–7fs pQ/ lbg ;Sg] 5}gg\ .
/ O{Zj/nfO{ klg axsfpFbf / pgsf O{Zj/ klg axlsg hfG5 lsgeg] logLx¿n] eÌ]lalQs}
zq'x¿;Fu abnf lng hfG5 . / b+zLnf :jefjjfnf 5g\ d/]kl5 klg :jj}/ lng] ub{5g\, zflGt slQ
klg 5}g . / hxfF zflGt 5}g, ToxfF b'Mvsf] s] kf/fjf/ xf]nf ..!!$..
d"n—!!%— / cfsfzsf tf/f k[YjLdf o:t/L v;] ls h;/L 7"nf] cfFwLn] xlNnP/ c~hL/sf]
sfFrf bfgf a'6faf6 emb{5g\ .. / cfsfz o;/L ;ls{of] ls, h;/L kq nk]6\bf ;s{G5, / k|To]s kxf8
/ 6fk' cf–cfˆgf] :yfgaf6 vl:sP/ cnu eP ..
—O~hLn -k|sflztjfSokj{÷cWofo ^÷cfot !#, !$_ ..
;dLIfs— ca x]g'{xf];\ o"xÌf eljioåQmf Û ha ljBf x'Fb}g ta g} o:tf] c08–a08 syf ufof] .
enf Û tf/f ;a} e"uf]n x'g\ Ps k[YjLdf s;/L v:g ;Sb5g\ < / ;"of{lbsf] cfsif{0fn] ltgLx¿nfO{
otf–ptf hfg lsg lbGYof] < / s] cfsfznfO{ u'Gb|L h:t} ;DemG5 < of] cfsfz ;fsf/ kbfy{ xf]Og,
h;nfO{ a]g]{ jf k6Øfpg ;Sg] .. To;}n] o"xÌf cflb ;a} hËnL dg'io lyP, ltgLx¿nfO{ oL s'/fsf] s]
va/ < ..!%..
d"n—!!^— / h;df df]x/ nufOof], d}n] To;sf] uGtL ;'g]+, ls O;|fPnsf] ;Gtfgsf ;a}
uf]qx¿ dWo]df Ps nfv rjfnL; xhf/dfly df]x/ nufOof] . ox"bfsf uf]qdf afx| xhf/dfly df]x/
nufOof], ?a]gsf] uf]q dWo]df afx| xhf/dfly, ufbsf] uf]q dWo]df afx| xhf/dfly df]x/ nufOof] ..
 —O~hLn -k|sflztjfSokj{÷cWofo &÷cfot $, %_ ..
;dLIfs— s] h'g afOandf O{Zj/ n]v]sf] 5, Tof] O;|fPn cflb s'nx¿sf] :jfdL xf], jf ;a}
;+;f/sf] < olb o:tf] x'Fb}gYof] eg] t pg} hËnLx¿nfO{ ;fy lsg lbGYof] < / pg}sf] ;xfotf ub{Yof],
bf];|fsf] gfd lgzfgf klg ln+b}g, o;}n] Tof] O{Zj/ xf]Og . / O;|fPn s'n cflbsf dg'iodfly 5fk
nufpg' cNk1tf cyjf o"xÌfsf] ldYof sNkgf xf] ..!!^..
d"n—!!&— o;} sf/0fn] tL k/d]Zj/sf l;+xf;gsf cufl8 5g\, / p;sf] dlGb/df lbg /ft
p;sf] ;]jf ub{5g\, / hf] l;+xf;gdf a;]sf] 5, To;n] pgLx¿dfly tDa" 6fFUg]5 ..
—O~hLn -k|sflztjfSokj{÷cWofo &÷cfot !%_ ..
;dLIfs— s] of] dxfa'Tk/:tL -d"lt{k"hs_ xf]Og < cyjf pgsf O{Zj/ b]xwf/L dg'iosf] t'No
Psb]zL xf]Og < / O{;fO{x¿sf] O{Zj/ /ftdf klg ;'Tb}g, ;'TYof] eg] t /ftdf k"hf s;/L x'g ;Sb5 <
tyf To;sf] lgb|f klg p8\5 xf]nf / olb /ft–lbg hfU5 eg] t ljlIfKt jf clt /f]uL xf]nf ..!!&..
d"n—!!*— k]ml/ Pp6f csf]{ :ju{b"t ;'gsf] w"kbfgL lnP/ cfof], / j]bLsf] lgs6df uof] /
p;nfO{ a]:;/L w"k lbof], ls ;a} kljq dfG5]x¿sf] k|fy{gfx¿sf] ;fy To; ;'gf}nf] j]bLdf h'g
l;+xf;gsf] ;fd'Ì] r9fP .. / To; w"ksf] w'jfFn] kljq dfG5]x¿sf] k|fy{gfx¿sf] ;lxt :ju{b"tsf]
xftb]lv k/d]Zj/sf] ;fd'Ì] k'Uof] .. / :ju{b"tx¿n] w"kbfgLnfO{ lnP/ To;df j]bLsf] cfuf] e/]/
k[YjLdf xfn], / uh{g / zAb ub}{ lah'nL rDs]/ e'OFrfnf] uof] ..
—O~hLn -k|sflztjfSokj{÷cWofo *÷cfot #, $, %_ ..
;dLIfs— ca x]g'{xf];\ Û :ju{;Dd j]bL, w"k, bLk, g}j]B, g/l;+3fsf] zAb x'G5g\, s]
j}/fuLx¿sf] dlGb/ eGbf O{;fO{sf] :ju{ sDtLsf] 5 t < s]xL w"d–wfd clws g} 5 ..!!*..
d"n—!!(— / klxnf] :ju{b"tn] g/l;+3f k'mSof] ta /utn] d'l5Psf cl;gf / cfuf] pTkÌ
eof], / To;nfO{ k[YjLdf xflnof], k[YjLsf] Ps ltxfO{ efu hNg uof] / ;a} xl/of] 3fF; klg kf]lnof] ..
—O~hLn -k|sflztjfSokj{÷cWofo *÷cfot &_ ..
;dLIfs— jfx /] Û O{;fO{x¿sf eljioåQmf Û O{Zj/, O{Zj/sf b"t, g/l;+3fsf] zAb / k|nosf]
nLnf s]jn s]6fx¿sf] v]nh:tf] b]lvG5 ..!!(..
d"n—!@)— / kfFrf}+ b"tn] g/l;+3f k'mSof] / d}n] Pp6f tf/fnfO{ :ju{af6 k[YjLdf v:b} u/]sf]
b]v]+ / cyfx s'08sf] s"ksf] rfaL To;nfO{ lbOof] .. To;n] cyfx s'08sf] s"k vf]Nof] / s"kaf6 7"nf]
e§Lsf] w'jfFh:t} u/]/ w'jfF p7Øf] / ;"o{ clg jfo'df cFWof/f] eof] .. / To; w'jfFaf6 ;nx k[YjLdf
lgl:sP/ clg ltgLx¿nfO{ k[YjLsf laR5Lsf] h:tf] zlQm lbOof]] .. / elgof] ls k[YjLsf 3fF;, xl/ofnL
/ j[IfnfO{ xflg gk'¥ofOsg tL dg'iox¿sf] h;sf] lgwf/df O{Zj/sf] 5fk 5}g ..====kfFr dlxgf;Dd
ltgLx¿nfO{ kL8f lbOof];\==== .. —O~hLn -k|sflztjfSokj{÷cWofo (÷cfot !, @, #, $, %_ ..
;dLIfs— s] g/l;+3fsf] cfjfh ;'g]/ tf/f pg} b"tx¿dfly / p;} :ju{df v;] xf]nfg\ < oxfF
t v;]gg\ . enf Û Tof] s"k jf ;nx klg k|nosf] nflu O{Zj/n] kfNof] xf]nf / 5fknfO{ b]v]/ k9\5
xf]nf ls 5fkjfnfnfO{ g6f]s < of] s]jn ef]n] dg'iox¿nfO{ 8/fP/ O{;fO{ agfpgsf] nflu wf]sf lbg
xf] ls olb ltdL O{;fO{ ePgf} eg] t ;nxn] 6f]Sg]5 . o:tf s'/f ljBfxLg b]zdf rNg;Sb5,
cfof{jQ{df xf]Og, s] Tof] k|nosf] s'/f] x'g ;Sb5 < ..!@)..
d"n—!@!— / 3f]8r9L ;]gfx¿sf] ;+Vof aL; s/f]8 lyof], d}n] To;sf] uGtL ;'g]+ ..
—O~hLn -k|sflztjfSokj{÷cWofo (÷cfot !^_ ..
;dLIfs— olt lj£g 3f]8f :ju{df sxfF cl8Gy], sxfF ry]{ / sxfF a:y] / sxfF xUy] < To;sf]
b'u{Gw klg :ju{df slt eof] xf]nf < a; o:tf] :ju{, o:tf] O{Zj/ / o:tf] dtsf] nflu xfdL ;a}
cfo{x¿n] ltnf~hln lbPsf 5f}+ . o:tf] av]8f O{;fO{x¿sf] lz/b]lv klg ;j{zlQmdfg\sf] s[kfn] b"/
ePdf t /fd|f] x'g] lyof] ..!@!..
d"n—!@@— / d}n] csf{] k/fqmdL b"tnfO{ :ju{af6 plq+b} u/]sf] b]v]+ h;n] d]3nfO{ cf]9]sf]
lyof] / To;sf] lz/df d]3wg'if lyof] / To;sf] d'v ;"o{h:tf] lyof] / To;sf] v' §f cfufsf]
vfFaf]h:tf] lyof] ..====/ To;n] cfˆgf] bflxg] v'§f ;d'b|df / afofF v'§f k[YjLdf /fVof] ..
—O~hLn -k|sflztjfSokj{÷cWofo !)÷cfot !, @_ ..
;dLIfs— ca x]g'{xf];\ oL b"tx¿sf] syf Û h'g k'/f0fx¿ / ef6x¿sf] syfdf eGbf klg atf{
5 ..!@@..
 d"n—!@#— / dnfO{ nÝLsf] ;dfg nfdf] Pp6f lgufnf] lbP, / s;}n] eGof] ls, p7]/
k/d]Zj/sf] dlGb/, j]bL / To;df ehg ug]{x¿nfO{ gfk ..
—O~hLn -k|sflztjfSokj{÷cWofo !!÷cfot !_ ..
;dLIfs— oxfFsf] t s] s'/f O{;fO{x¿sf] t :ju{df klg dlGb/ agfP/ gfKg] ul/G5, /fd|f] xf],
logsf] h:tf] :ju{ 5, To:t} s'/fx¿ 5g\ . To;}n] oxfF k|e'ef]hgdf O{;fsf] z/L/fjoj df;' /utsf]
efjgf u/]/ vfg]–lkpg] ub{5g\, luhf{3/df klg q"mz cflbsf] cfsf/ agfpg' cflb a'Tk/:tL -d"lt{k"hf_
xf] ..!@#..
d"n—!@$— / k/d]Zj/sf] h'g dlGb/ :ju{df 5, To;nfO{ vf]lnof], / To;sf] dlGb/df p;sf]
jfrfsf] ;Gb"s b]lvof], / lah'nL rlDsof] / zAb ulh{of] clg e'OFrfnf] uof], / 7"nf–7"nf cl;gf
jlif{of] .. —O~hLn -k|sflztjfSokj{÷cWofo !(÷cfot !(_ ..
;dLIfs—:ju{df h'g dlGb/ 5 Tof] x/ ;do aGb /xG5 xf]nf, slxn]sflx+ vf]lnG5 xf]nf, s]
k/d]Zj/sf] klg dlGb/ x'g ;Sb5 < h'g j]bf]Qm k/dfTdf ;j{Jofks 5, p;sf] s'g} klg dlGb/ x'g
;Sb}g . xf], O{;fO{x¿sf] k/d]Zj/ h'g cfsf/jfnf 5, To;sf] rfx] :ju{df, rfx] e"lddf x'g ;Sb5
xf]nf . / h:tf] nLnf 6g\–6g\ kF"–kF" sf] oxfF x'G5, To:t} O{;fO{x¿sf] :ju{df klg . / lgodsf] ;Gb"s
klg slxn]sflx+ O{;fO{x¿n] b]Vb5g\ xf]nf, To;df ghfg] s] k|of]hg l;4 ub{5g\ < ;fFrf] t of] xf] ls
oL ;a} s'/fx¿ dg'ionfO{ e'nfpgsf] nflu u/]sf x'g\ ..!@$..
d"n—!@%— Pp6f a8f] cfZro{ :ju{df b]lvof] cyf{t\ Ps :qL h;n] ;"o{nfO{ klx/]sL 5 /
To;sf v'§df rGb|df 5, To;sf] lz/df afx| tf/fx¿sf] d's'6 5 .. / Tof] ue{jtL eP/ lrRofPsL 5
lsgeg] k|;jsf] kL8fn] rfk]sf] 5 / aRrf hGdfpgsf] nflu kLl8t 5 .. / bf];|f] cfZro{ :ju{df
b]lvof] ls, x]/ 7"nf] /ftf] clhË/ 5 h;sf] ;ft cf]6f 6fpsf / bz cf]6f ;L+u 5g\ / To;sf]
6fpsfdf ;ft cf]6f /fhd's6 5g\ .. / To;sf] k'5f/n] cfsfzsf tf/fx¿sf] Ps ltxfO{ efunfO{
tfg]/ k[YjLdf xflnlbof]====.. —O~hLn -k|sflztjfSokj{÷cWofo !@÷cfot !, @, #, $_ ..
;dLIfs— ca x]g'{xf];\ nDaf–rf}8f ukmf}8f Û logsf] :ju{df klg ljrf/L :qL lrRofpF5],
To;sf] b'Mv s;}n] ;'Gb}g, g t d]6fpg ;Sb5g\ . / To; clhË/sf] k'5f/ olt nfdf]] lyof] ls h;n]
tf/fx¿sf] Ps ltxfO{ k[YjLdf xflnlbof] < enf Û k[YjL ;fgf] 5 / tf/fx¿ klg 7"nf–7"nf nf]s 5g\,
o; k[YjLdf Pp6f klg c6fpg ;Sb}g . lsGt' oxfF oxL cg'dfg ug'{kb{5 ls oL tf/fx¿sf] ltxfO{ o;
s'/fnfO{ b]Vg]jfnfsf] 3/df v;] xf]nfg\ / h'g clhË/sf] k'5f/ olt nfdf] lyof] h;n] ;a} tf/fx¿sf]
ltxfO{nfO{ nk]6]/ k[YjLdf k5f¥of], Tof] clhË/ klg To;}sf] 3/df /xG5 xf]nf ..!@%..
d"n—!@^— k]ml/ :ju{df n8fO{+ eof], dLsfO{n / p;sf :ju{b"t clhË/;Fu n8\g lgl:sP, /
clhË/ / p;sf b"tsf] 3df;fg n8fO{+ eof] ..
—O~hLn -k|sflztjfSokj{÷cWofo !@÷cfot &_ ..
;dLIfs— hf] sf]xL O{;fO{x¿sf] :ju{df hfG5 xf]nf, To;n] klg n8fO{+df b'Mv kfpF5 xf]nf .
o:tf] :ju{sf] oxfFaf6 cfzf 5f]8]/ xft hf]8]/ al;/fv . hxfF zflGteË / pkb|j dlRr/xf]; \, Tof]
O{;fO{x¿s} nflu 7Ls 5 ..!@^..
d"n—!@&— / Tof] clhË/ cyf{t\ ToxL k"/fgf] ;k{, h;nfO{ OAnL; / z}tfg eGb5g\, / ;f/f
;+;f/nfO{ e|ddf kfg]{jfnf xf], k[YjLdf v;flnof], / To;sf b"tnfO{ klg To;sf] ;fy}df v;flnof] ..
—O~hLn -k|sflztjfSokj{÷cWofo !@÷cfot (_ ..
;dLIfs— s] ha Tof] z}tfg :ju{df lyof] ta dfG5]x¿nfO{ e|ddf kfy]{g < / To;nfO{
hGde/L aGbLu[xdf cyjf lsg df/]gg\ < To;nfO{ k[YjLdf lsg v;flnof] < olb ;a} ;+;f/nfO{
e|ddf kfg]{jfnf z}tfg xf] eg] t z}tfgnfO{ e|ddf kfg]{jfnf sf] xf] < olb z}tfg :jo+ e|d]sf] xf] eg]
t z}tfgsf] lagf e|ddf kg]{x¿ kl//fv"g\ / olb To;nfO{ e|dfpg]jfnf k/d]Zj/ xf] eg] t Tof] O{Zj/
g} 7xl/Pg .
ljlbt t of] x'G5 ls O{;fO{x¿sf] O{Zj/ klg z}tfg;Fu 8/fpF5 xf]nf < lsgeg] olb z}tfg
eGbf k|an x'GYof] eg] t O{Zj/n] To;n] ck/fw ug]{ ;dodf g} b08 lsg lbPg < hut\df z}tfgsf]
hlt /fh 5 To;sf] ;fd'Ì] ;x;|f+z klg O{;fO{x¿sf] O{Zj/sf] /fh 5}g . To;}n] O{;fO{x¿sf] O{Zj/
To;nfO{ x/fpg ;Sb}g xf]nf . o;af6 olx l;4 x'G5 h;/L clxn]sf] ;dodf /fHoflwsf/L O{;fO{
8fFs"–rf]/ cflbnfO{ zL3| b08 lbG5g\, To:tf] klg O{;fO{x¿sf] O{Zj/ 5}g . k'gM sf] To:tf] lga'{l4
dg'io 5 h;n] j}lbs dtnfO{ 5f]8]/ skf]n–slNkt O{;fO{ dt :jLsf/ ub{5 < ..!@&..
d"n—!@*— o; sf/0f, x] :ju{ / ltgdf a:g] dugx¿ xf], x] k[YjL / ;d'b|, ltdLdfly xfo Û
lsgeg] z}tfg a8f] qmf]wsf] ;fydf ltdLdfly plq+b}5, lsgeg] hfGb5 ls, To;sf] yf]/} ;do afFsL
5 .. —O~hLn -k|sflztjfSokj{÷cWofo !@÷cfot !@_ ..
;dLIfs— s] Tof] O{Zj/ jxL+sf] /Ifs / :jfdL xf] < k[YjLsf dg'ioflb k|f0fLx¿sf] /Ifs /
:jfdL xf]Og < olb e"ldsf] klg /fhf xf] eg] t z}tfgnfO{ lsg dfg{ ;s]g < O{Zj/n] x]l//xG5 /
z}tfgn] axsfpFb} lkmb{5 eg] klg p;nfO{ lgif]w u/fpFb}g .. ljlbt t of] x'G5 ls Ps c;n O{Zj/ /
Ps ;dy{ b'i6 bf];|f] O{Zj/ aGb}5 ..!@*..
d"n—!@(— ====/ aofnL; dlxgf;Dd o'4 ug]{ clwsf/ To;nfO{ lbOof] .. / p;n] O{Zj/sf]
lj?4 lgGbf ug{sf] nflu cfˆgf] d'v vf]Nof], p;sf] gfd, tDa" / :ju{df jf; ug]{x¿sf nflu lgGbf
ug]{ .. / To;nfO{ of] lbOof] ls, kljq hgx¿;Fu o'4 ug]{ / ltgLx¿dfly ho ug]{ / x/ Ps s'n,
efiff / b]zdfly To;nfO{ clwsf/ lbOof] ..
—O~hLn -k|sflztjfSokj{÷cWofo !#÷cfot %, ^, &_ ..
;dLIfs— enf Û olb k[YjLsf hgx¿nfO{ axsfpgsf] nflu z}tfg / kz' cflbnfO{ k7fP/
dg'io;Fu o'4 u/fpg], Tof] sfd 8fFs"x¿sf] ;/bf/sf] h:tf] 5 o:tf] sfd O{Zj/ jf O{Zj/sf
eQmx¿sf] xf]Og ..!@(..
d"n—!#)— k]ml/ d}n] b[li6 nufPF ls, x]/, Tof] kf7f] l;of]g kxf8dfly plePsf] 5, / To;sf]
;fydf Ps nfv rjfnL; xhf/ dfG5]x¿ 5g\, h;sf lgwf/df p;sf / p;sf lktfsf] gfd
n]lvPsf] 5 .. —O~hLn -k|sflztjfSokj{÷cWofo !$÷cfot !_ ..
;dLIfs— ca x]g'{xf];\ Û hxfF O{;fsf] afp /xGYof], jxL+ p;} l;of]g kxf8df p;sf] 5f]/f] klg
/xG5 . k/Gt' Ps nfv rjfnL; xhf/ dg'iox¿sf] u0fgf s;/L u¥of] < Ps nfv rjfnL; xhf/ g}
:ju{sf jf;L eP, z]if s/f]8f}+ O{;fO{x¿sf] 6fpsfdf 5fk nufOof] < s] tL ;a} g/sdf uP <
O{;fO{x¿n] rflxof] ls l;of]g kj{tdf uP/ O{;fsf] pQm afp / p;sf] ;]gf ToxfF 5g\ ls 5}gg\
/fd|f];Fu x]¿g\ < olb 5g\ eg] t of] n]v 7Ls 5 gq eg] t ldYof . olb sxL+af6 cfP eg] t
sxfFaf6 cfP < olb egf}nf :ju{af6, s] tL kIfL x'g\ ls olt 7"nf] ;]gf / cfk}m tn dfly p8]/
cfpg]–hfg] ug]{ < olb tL cfpg]–hfg] ub{5g\ eg] t Pp6f lhNnfsf] GofofwLzs} h:tf] eof] . / Tof]
Ps, b'O{, tLg x'g\ eg] t aÌ ;Sb}g lsGt' Go"g eGbf Go"g Ps–Ps e"uf]ndf Ps–Ps O{Zj/ rflxof],
lsgeg] Ps, b'O{, tLg a|Xdf08x¿sf] Gofo ug]{ / ;j{q o'ukt\ 3'Dgdf ;dy{ slxNo} x'g
;Sb}g ..!#)..
d"n—!#!— ====cfTdfn] eGb5, xf] lsgeg] ltgLx¿ cfˆgf] kl/>dx¿af6 lj>fd kfpg] 5g\, /
ltgLx¿sf sfo{ ltgLx¿sf] ;fydf x'g hfG5 .. —O~hLn -k|sflztjfSokj{÷cWofo !$÷cfot !#_ ..
;dLIfs— ca x]g'{xf];\ Û O{;fO{x¿sf] O{Zj/ t eGb5 ls pgsf sd{ pg}sf] ;fydf /xG5
cyf{t\ sdf{g';f/ kmn ;a}nfO{ lbOg]5 k]ml/ logLx¿n] eGb5g\ ls O{zf ;a} kfkx¿nfO{ lng]5 / Ifdf
klg ul/lbg]5 . oxfF a'l4dfgLx¿n] ljrf/ ug'{xf];\ ls O{Zj/sf] jrg ;fFrf] jf O{;fO{x¿sf] < Ps
s'/fdf b'O{6} ;fFrf x'g t ;Sb}gg\, logdf Pp6f e'm6f] cjZo xf]nf . xfdLnfO{ s] < rfx] O{;fO{x¿sf]
O{Zj/ e'm6f] xf];\ jf O{;fO{x¿ ..!#!..
d"n—!#@— ====k/d]Zj/sf] k|sf]ksf] 7"nf] /;s'08df xflnlbP .. / gu/sf] aflx/ To;
/;s'08df c+u'/ k]lnof], / To; /;s'08af6 olt /ut lgl:sof] ls 3f]8fsf] nufdx¿;Dd k'Uof], /
;o sf];;Dd aUof] .. —O~hLn -k|sflztjfSokj{÷cWofo !$÷cfot !(, @)_ ..
;dLIfs— ca x]g'{xf];\ Û logsf ukmf}8f k'/f0fx¿ eGbf klg a9L–r9L 5 ls 5}g < O{;fO{x¿sf]
O{Zj/ sf]k ubf{v]l/ clt b'Mlvt x'G5 xf]nf / To;sf] sf]ksf s'08 e/L 5g\, s] To;sf] sf]k hn xf] <
jf cGo b|ljt kbfy{ xf] ls h;n] s'08 e/]sf] 5 < / ;o sf];;Dd /utsf] aUg' c;Dej 5, lsgeg]
/ut jfo' nfUgfn] plTgv]/} hldxfNb5, k'gM s;/L aUg ;Sb5 < o;}n] o:tf s'/fx¿ ldYof
x'G5g\ ..!#@..
d"n—!##— / To;kl5 d}n] b]v]+ ls, :ju{df ;fIfLsf] tDa"sf] dlGb/ vf]lnof] ..
—O~hLn -k|sflztjfSokj{÷cWofo !%÷cfot %_ ..
 ;dLIfs— olb O{;fO{x¿sf] O{Zj/ ;j{1 x'GYof] eg] t ;fIfLx¿sf] s] sfd < lsgeg] To;n]
:jo+ ;a}yf]s hfÌ;SYof] . o;af6 ;j{yf oxL lgZro x'G5 ls logLx¿sf] O{Zj/ ;j{1 xf]Og lsGt'
dg'iojt\ cNk1 xf], To;n] O{Zj/tf s] ug{ ;Sb5 < xf]Og xf]Og xf]Og, / o;} k|s/0fdf b"tx¿sf
a8f–a8f c;Dej s'/fx¿ n]lvPsf] 5, To;nfO{ ;To s;}n] dfÌ ;Sb}g . sxfF;Dd n]v"F, o;
k|s/0fdf ;j{yf o:t} s'/fx¿ el/Psf] 5 ..!##..
d"n—!#$— ====/ To;sf] cwd{ k/d]Zj/nfO{ :d/0f eof] .. h:tf] To;n] ltdLnfO{ lbPsf] 5,
To:t} g} To;nfO{ eg"{, / To;sf] sfdx¿sf] cg';f/ To;nfO{ b'O{ u'0ff abnf lbg'====..
—O~hLn -k|sflztjfSokj{÷cWofo !*÷cfot %, ^_ ..
;dLIfs— x]g'{xf];\ Û k|ToIf O{;fO{x¿sf] O{Zj/ cGofosf/L 5 . lsgeg] Gofo To;nfO{ eGb5g\
ls h;n] h:tf] jf hlt sd{ u¥of], To;nfO{ To:t} / Tolt g} lbg' . To;df clws–Go"g lbg' cGofo
x'G5 . h;n] cGofosf/Lsf] pkf;gf ub{5g\, ltgLx¿ cGofosf/L lsg xf]Ogg\ ..!#$..
d"n—!#%— ====lsgeg] kf7fsf] ljjfx cfOk'u]sf] 5 / To;sL kTgLn] cfk"mnfO{ tof/
ul/;s]sL 5 .. —O~hLn -k|sflztjfSokj{÷cWofo !(÷cfot &_ ..
;dLIfs— ca ;'Ì'xf];\ Û O{;fO{x¿sf] :ju{df ljjfx klg x'G5g\ Û lsgeg] O{;fsf] ljjfx
O{Zj/n] jxL+ u/fof] . ;f]Wg'kb{5 ls To;sf Zj;'/, ;f;", zfnflb sf] lyP / hGtL slt lyP < /
jLo{sf] gfz x'gfn] an, a'l4, k/fqmd, cfo' cflb klg sfl6P/ clxn];Dd O{;fn] jxfF z/L/ Toflulbof]
xf]nf, lsgeg] ;+of]uhGo kbfy{sf] ljof]u cjZo x'G5 . clxn];Dd O{;fO{x¿n] To;sf] ljZjf;df
wf]sf vfP / ghfg] slxn];Dd wf]sf vfFb} /fVg]5g\ ..!#%..
d"n—!#^— ====/ To; clhË/, cyf{t\ k'/fgf] ;k{nfO{, h'g OAnL; / z}tfg xf], kq]m/ xhf/
jif{sf] nflu afFlwlbof] .. / To;nfO{ cyfx s'08df xfn]/ aGb ul/lbP / To;dfly tfnf nufOlbP ls,
Tof] xhf/ jif{ k"/f geP;Dd, y/L–y/Lsf dfG5]x¿nfO{ ge|dfcf];\, ====..
—O~hLn -k|sflztjfSokj{÷cWofo @)÷cfot @, #_ ..
;dLIfs— x]g'{xf];\ Û d/]+ d/]+ u/]/ z}tfgnfO{ ;dfTof] / xhf/ jif{;Dd aGw u¥of]Ù k]ml/ klg
5'6\g]5 . s] k]ml/ e|ddf kfb}{g < o:tf] b'i6nfO{ t aGbLu[xdf ;bfsf] nflu /fVg' jf df/] lagf 5f]8 \g'
g} x'Fb}g . k/Gt' z}tfgsf] x'g' O{;fO{x¿sf] e|ddfq} xf], jf:tjdf s]xL klg xf]Og .
s]jn dfG5]x¿nfO{ 8/fP/ cfˆgf] hfndf Nofpgsf] nflu pkfo /lrPsf] 5 . h:t} s'g} w"t{n]
s'g} ef]n] dg'iox¿nfO{ eGof] ls …lx+8 Û ltdLnfO{ b]jtfsf] bz{g u/fpF5'Ú, s'g} PsfGt 7fpFdf nu]/
Pp6f dfG5]nfO{ rt'e'{h agfP/ /fVof] . emf8Ldf pEofP/ eGof] ls …cfFvf lrDn, ha d}n] eG5' ta
cfFvf vf]Ng" / k]ml/ ha eÌ]5' ta cfFvf lrDng"F, olb lrRn]gf} eg] t cGwf] x'g hfg]5f} .Ú To:t} oL
dtjfnfx¿sf] s'/f 5 ls h;n] xfd|f] dhxanfO{ dfGb}g, Tof] z}tfgn] axsfPsf] xf] .
ha Tof] ;fd'Ì] cfof] ta eGof] ls– …cfFvf vf]nÚ Û k'gM zL3| eGof] ls cfFvf lrDn . ha k]ml/
emf8Ldf n'Sof], ta k]ml/ eGof] cfFvf vf]n Û b]Vof} gf/fo0fnfO{ < ;a}n] bz{g u/] . To:t} nLnf
dhxaLx¿sf] 5 To;}n] logsf dfofdf sf]xL klg km:g x'Fb}g ..!#^..
d"n—!#&— k]ml/ d}n] Ps 7"nf] ;]tf] l;+xf;g / To;dfly hf] a;]sf] lyof], b]v]+, h;sf]
;fd'Ì]af6 k[YjL / cfsfz efu], / logLx¿sf] nflu 7fpF k'u]g .. k]ml/ d}n] ;a} ;fgf–7"nf d/]sf hlt
;a}nfO{ l;+xf;gsf] cufl8 plePsf] b]v]+, / k':ts vf]lnof], k]ml/ csf]{ Pp6f k':ts vf]lnof] cyf{t \
hLjgsf] k':ts, / h:tf] To; k':tsdf n]lvPsf] lyof], ltgLx¿sf] sfdsf] cg';f/ d/]sfx¿sf] Gofo
ul/of] .. —O~hLn -k|sflztjfSokj{÷cWofo @)÷cfot !!, !@_ ..
;dLIfs— n x]g'{xf];\ t afnskgsf] s'/f] Û enf k[YjL / cfsfz s;/L efUg ;Sb5g\ < /
ltgLx¿ s]dfly a:g]5g\ < h;sf] ;fd'Ì]af6 efu] / To;sf] l;+xf;g / Tof] s]df a;]sf] lyof] < /
d'bf{x¿ k/d]Zj/sf] ;fd'Ì] pEofOof] eg] t k/d]Zj/ klg a:of] cyjf pleof] xf]nf < s] oxfFsf]
srx/L / bf]sfgh:t} O{Zj/sf] Jojxf/ 5 h'g ls k':ts n]vfg';f/ x'g] ub{5 < / ha hLjx¿sf]
xfn O{Zj/n] n]Vof] jf p;sf e/f}6]n] < o:tf–o:tf s'/fx¿af6 cgLZj/nfO{ O{Zj/ / O{Zj/nfO{
cgLZj/ O{;fO{ cflb dtjfnfn] agfOlbP ..!#&..
d"n—!#*— ====To; dWo]af6 Pp6f d;Fu cfof], / d;Fu s'/f u/]/ eGof], otf cfOh, d}n]
tFnfO{ b'nxL cyf{t\ kf7fsL kTgLnfO{ b]vfpg]5' .. —O~hLn -k|sflztjfSokj{÷cWofo @!÷cfot (_ ..
 ;dLIfs— enf Û O{;fn] :ju{df …b'nxLÚ cyf{t\ :qL /fd|L k]mnf kf¥of], df]h ub{5 xf]nf . hf]–hf]
O{;fO{ jxfF hfG5g\ xf]nf, ltgLx¿nfO{ klg :qLx¿ ldNb5g\ xf]nf, l76f–l76L x'G5g\ xf]nf / a8f]
eL8ef8 x'gfn] /f]uf]TklQ eP/ db{5g\ klg xf]nf . o:tf] :ju{nfO{ t 6f9}af6 xft hf]8\g' /fd|f]
x'g]5 ..!#*..
d"n—!#(— / Tof] gu/ rf}v'F8f ldn]sf] lyof] / To;sf] nDafO{ / rf}8fO{ a/fa/ lyof], k]ml/
To;n] uhn] To; gu/nfO{ gfKof], gfkf] ;f9] ;ft ;o sf]; lgl:sof], To;sf] nDafO{, rf}8fO{ /
prfO{ a/fa/ lyof] .. / To;n] p;sf] z/kgfxnfO{ dg'iosf] cyf{t\ b"tx¿sf] xftsf] gfkf]n] gfKof]
ta Ps ;o rjfnL; xft lgl:sof] .. / To; z/kgfxsf] hf]8fO{ ;"o{sfGt dl0fsf] lyof], / gu/
o:tf] rf]vf] ;'gsf] lyof] ls nfUbYof] :jR5 sfFrs} ;dfg xf] .. / To; gu/sf] leQfx¿ x/ k|sf/sf
ax'd"No /Tgx¿ h8]/ agfOPsf] lyof], klxnf] leQf ;"o{sfGtdl0fsf] lyof], bf];|f] gLndl0fsf], t];|f]
nfndl0fsf], rf}yf] d/stdl0fsf] .. kfFrf}+ uf]d]bssf], 5}6f}+ dfl0fSosf], ;ftf}+ kLtdl0fsf], cf7f}+ k]/f]hsf],
gjf}+ k'ik/fhsf], bzf}+ nx;lgPsf], P3f/f}+ w"d|sfGtsf], afx|f}+ d6L{if -ofs"t_ sf] .. / afx|} kmf6s, afx|
k|sf/sf df]ltn] ag]sf] lyof] / gu/sf] ;8s :jR5 sfFrs} ;dfg rf]vf] ;'gn] ag]sf] lyof] ..
—O~hLn -k|sflztjfSokj{÷cWofo @!÷cfot !^–@!_ ..
;dLIfs— ;'Ì'xf];\ O{;fO{x¿sf] :ju{sf] j0f{g Û olb O{;fO{x¿ db}{ hfG5g\ / hGdb} hfG5g\ eg]
t olt 7"nf] ;x/df s;/L c6fpF5g\ < lsgeg] To;df dg'iox¿sf] cfud x'G5 / To;af6
lgSnFb}gg\ . / h'g of] ax'd"No /Tgx¿n] ag]sf] gu/ dflgPsf] 5, / ;a} ;'gsf] xf], OToflb n]v s]jn
ef]n–] efn] dg'iox¿nfO{ axsfP/ km;fpg] nLnf xf] . enf nDafO{ rf}8fO{ t To; gu/sf] n]lvPsf]
x'g ;Sb5, k/Gt' prfO{ ;f9] ;ft sf]; s;/L s'g ;Sb5 < of] ;j{yf ldYof skf]nsNkgfsf] s'/f
xf] . / olt 7"nf df]lt sxfFaf6 cfP xf]nfg\ < o; n]vnfO{ n]Vg]jfnfsf] 3/sf] £ofDkf]af6 cfof] xf]nf,
of] ukmf}8f k'/f0fx¿sf] klg afp xf] ..!#(..
d"n—!$)— / To;df sf]xL ckljq j:t' of 3[l0ft sfd ug]{jfnf, of e'm6f] af]Ng]jfnf s'g}
/Lltn] klg k|j]z ug{ kfpg] 5}g====.. —O~hLn -k|sflztjfSokj{÷cWofo @!÷cfot @&_ ..
;dLIfs— olb o:t} xf] eg] t O{;fO{x¿n] lsg eGb5g\ ls kfkLx¿ klg :ju{df O{;fO{ x'gfn]
hfg ;Sb5g\ < of] e'm6f] s'/f] xf] . olb o:t} xf] eg] t o"xÌf :jKgsf] ldYof s'/fx¿ rnfpg]jfnf
:ju{df k|j]z slxNo} ug{ ;Sg]5}g, / O{;f klg :ju{df uPsf] 5}g xf]nf . lsgeg] ha PSn} kfkLn]
:ju{ k|fKt ug{ ;Sb}g eg] t cg]s kfkLx¿sf] kfkef/o'Qm s;/L :ju{jf;L x'g ;Sb5 < ..!$)..
d"n—!$!— / ha s'g} >fk x'g]5}g / O{Zj/sf] / kf7fsf] l;+xf;g To; gu/df x'g]5 /
To;sf bf;n] To;sf] ;]jf ug]{5g\ . / To;sf] d'v b]Vg]5g\ / To;sf] gfd pgLx¿sf lgwf/df
n]lvPsf] x'g]5 . / jxfF /ft x'g] 5}g / pgLx¿nfO{ bLks cyjf ;"o{sf] Hof]ltsf] k|of]hg x'Fb}g
lsgeg] k/d]Zj/ O{Zj/n] pgLx¿nfO{ Hof]lt lbg]5 pgLx¿ ;bf ;j{bf /fHo ug]{5g\ ..
—O~hLn -k|sflztjfSokj{÷cWofo @@÷cfot #, $, %_ ..
;dLIfs— x]g'{xf];\ of] O{;fO{x¿sf] :ju{jf; Û s] O{Zj/ / O{;f l;+xf;gdf lg/Gt/
al;/fVg]5g\ < / pgsf bf;n] pgsf ;fd'Ì] ;w}+ d'v b]Vg]5g\ < ca of] t atfpg'xf];\ ltd|f] O{Zj/sf]
d'v o"/f]lkogsf] ;b[z uf]/f] jf clk|msf jfnfx¿sf] ;b[z sfnf] cyjf cGo b]zjfnfx¿ s} ;dfg
5 < of] ltd|f] :ju{ klg aGwg xf], lsgeg] hxfF ;fgf]–7"nf] 5 / To;} gu/df /xg cjZo kb{5 eg] t
jxfF b'Mv lsg x'Fb}g < h'g d'vjfnf xf], Tof] O{Zj/ ;j{1 ;j]{Zj/ slxNo} x'g ;Sb}g ..!$!..
d"n—!$@— x]/, d zL3| cfpg]5', / x/]ssf] sfdsf] cg';f/ abnf lbgsf] nflu k|ltkmn d;Fu
5 .. —O~hLn -k|sflztjfSokj{÷cWofo @@÷cfot !@_ ..
;dLIfs— ha oxL s'/f] 5 ls sdf{g';f/ kmn kfpF5g\ eg] t kfkx¿sf] Ifdf slxNo} x'g
;Sb}g, / olb Ifdf x'G5 eg] t O~hLnsf] s'/f e'm§f . olb s;}n] eGb5 ls Ifdf ug{ klg O~hLndf
n]lvPsf] 5 eg] t k"jf{k/ lj?4 cyf{t\ xNkmb/f]uL eof] eg] t e'm6 xf], o;nfO{ dfÌ 5f]l8b]cf] ..!$@..
ca sxfF;Dd n]vf}+, logsf] afOandf nfvf}+ s'/fx¿ v08gLo 5g\ . of] t yf]/} lrÂdfq
O{;fOx¿sf] afOan k':tssf] b]vfOof], olQaf6} a'l4dfgLx¿n] w]/} a'‰g ;Sg]5g\ . yf]/} s'/fx¿nfO{
dfq} 5f]8]/ z]if ;a} e'm6 el/Psf] 5 . h;/L e'm6sf] ;Ën] ;To klg z'4 /xg ;Sb}g, To;/L g}
afOan k':ts klg dfggLo x'g ;Sb}g lsGt' Tof] ;To t j]bx¿nfO{ :jLsf/ ug{df g} u[xLt x'G5 ..
o;sf] cufl8 d';ndfgx¿sf] dtsf] ljifodf n]lvg]5 .
Olt >Ld2ofgGb;/:jtL:jfldlgld{t] ;Tofy{k|sfz]
;'efifflje"lift] s[ZrLgfVodtljifo] qof]bzM
;d'Nnf;M ;Dk"0f{M ..!#..

 cf]#d\
cg'e"ldsf -$_
h'g of] -!$_ rf}wf}+ ;d'Nnf; d';ndfgx¿sf] dtljifodf n]lvPsf] 5 ;f] s]jn s'/fgsf]
clek|foaf6Ù cGo u|Gyx¿sf] dtaf6 xf]OgÙ lsgeg] d';ndfg s'/fgdfly g} k"/f–k"/f ljZjf;
/fVb5g\ . oBlk lkm/s] -;d"x_ x'gfsf] sf/0f s'g} zAb, cy{ cflb ljifodf lj?4 s'/f 5 tyflk
s'/fgdfly ;a} P]sdTo 5g\ .
h'g s'/fg c/aL efiffdf 5 To;dfly df}njLx¿n] pb"{df cy{ n]v]sf 5g\, To; cy{sf]
b]jgfu/L cIf/ / cfo{efiffGt/ u/fP/ kZrft\ c/aL 7"nf–7"nf ljåfg\x¿;Fu z'4 u/fP/ n]lvPsf] 5 .
olb s;}n] eGb5 ls of] cy{ 7Ls xf]Og, ta To;nfO{ of] plrt x'G5 ls df}njL ;fxax¿sf
th'{dfx¿nfO{ klxnf v08g u/f];\, kZrft\ o; ljifodf n]vf];\ . lsgeg] of] n]v s]jn dg'iosf]
pÌlt / ;Tof;Tosf] lg0f{osf] nflu xf], cyf{t\ ;a} dtx¿sf] ljifodf yf]/}–yf]/} 1fg xf]cf];\, o;af6
dg'iox¿nfO{ k/:k/ ljrf/ ug{sf] nflu ;do ldnf];\ / Ps–csf{sf bf]ifx¿nfO{ v08g u/]/
u'0fx¿nfO{ u|x0f u/f];\ . g s'g} cGo dtdfly, g t o;dfly e'm6–d'6 g/fd|f] jf /fd|f] u/fpgsf]
k|of]hg xf] lsGt' h'g–h'g ;To xf], Tof] ;To / h'g–h'g c;To xf], ToxL c;To xf], ;a}nfO{ ljlbt
xf];\ . g sf]xL s;}dfly e'm6f] nfbf];\ / g s;}n] ;TonfO{ /f]Sg ;sf];\ . k]ml/ ;Tof;To ljifo
k|sflzt ul/;s]kl5 klg h;sf] OR5f x'G5 To;n] dfgf];\ jf gdfgf];\, s;}dfly anfTsf/ ul/+b}g .
/ oxL ;Hhgx¿sf] /Llt xf] ls cfˆgf] jf k/fo bf]ifx¿sf] bf]if / u'0fx¿sf] u'0f hfg]/
u'0fx¿sf] u|x0f / bf]ifx¿sf] Tofu u/f];\ / x7Lx¿sf] x7 Pj+ b'/fu|x Go"g u/f];\–u/fcf];\, lsgeg]
kIfkftn] s]–s] cgy{ hut\df ePgg\ / g x'G5g\ . ;fFrf] t of] xf] ls of] clglZrt If0feª\u'/
hLjgdf k/fO{ xflg u/]/ nfeaf6 :jo+ l/Qm /xg' / cGonfO{ /fVg' dg'iokgb]lv alxM xf] .
o;df h]–hlt lj?4 n]lvPsf] ePdf ;Hhgx¿n] ljlbt u/fpg'x'g]5 . tTkZrft\ hf] plrt
ePdf t dflgg]5, lsgeg] of] n]v, x7, b'/fu|x, O{iof{, å]if, jfb–ljjfb / lj/f]w 36fpgsf] nflu
ul/Psf] xf] g ls lognfO{ a9fpgsf] cy{ . lsgeg] Ps–bf];|fsf] xflg ug{af6 k[ys\ /x]/ k/:k/sf]
nfe k'¥ofpg' xfd|f] d'Vo sd{ xf] .
ca of] !$cf}+ ;d'Nnf;df d';ndfgx¿sf] dtljifo ;a} ;Hhgx¿sf] ;fd'Ì] lgj]bg ub{5',
ljrf/ u/]/ Oi6sf] u|x0f, clgi6sf] kl/Tofu ug'{xf];\ .
.. cndltlj:t/]0f a'l4dåøo]{if' ..
.. Olt cg'e"ldsf ..

—bofgGb ;/:jtL
 -!$_ rf}wf}+ ;d'Nnf;
ojgdtsf] ljifodf JofVof
ojgdtsf] ;dLIff -!$=!_
o;sf] cufl8 d';ndfgx¿sf] dt–ljifodf n]Vg]5'—
d"n—!— cf/De ;fy gfd cNnfxsf] . Ifdf ug]{jfnf / bofn' ..
—d+lhn !÷l;kf/f !÷;"/t ! ..

;dLIfs— d';ndfgx¿n] o:tf] eGb5g\ ls …of] s'/fg v'bfn] eg]sf] xf]Ú, k/Gt' o; jrgaf6
ljlbt x'G5 ls o;nfO{ agfpg]jfnf sf]xL bf];|f] 5, lsgeg] olb k/d]Zj/n] agfPsf] x'GYof] eg] t
æcf/De ;fy gfd cNnfxsf]Æ o:tf] eÌ]lyPg lsGt' æcf/De pkb]z dg'iosf] nfluÆ o:tf] eÌ]lyof] .
olb dg'iox¿nfO{ lzIff ub{5 ls ltdL o:tf] eg ta klg 7Ls x'Fb}g, lsgeg] o;af6 kfksf] cf/De
klg v'bfsf] gfdaf6 eP/ p;sf] gfd klg b"lift x'g hfg]5 .
olb Tof] Ifdf / bof ug]{jfnf xf] eg] t cfˆgf] ;[li6df dg'iosf] ;'vfy{ cGo k|f0fLx¿nfO{
df/]/, bf?0f kL8f lbP/ dfb}{ df;' vfgsf] nflu cf1f lsg lbof] < s] tL k|f0fL lg/k/fwL / k/d]Zj/n]
agfPsf xf]Ogg\ <
/ of] klg eÌ' lyof] ls æd k/d]Zj/sf] gfddf /fd|f s'/fx¿sf] cf/De ub{5', g/fd|f s'/fsf]
xf]Og .Æ o; sygdf uf]ndfn 5 . s] rf]/L, hf/L, ldYofefif0fflb cwd{sf] klg cf/De k/d]Zj/sf]
gfdaf6} ug]{ < To;}n] x]g'{xf];\, s;fO{ cflb d';ndfg, ufO{ cflbsf 3fF6L /]6\gdf klg …lal:dNnfxÚ o;
jrgnfO{ k9\b5g\Ù h'g oxL o;sf] k"jf]{Qm cy{ xf] eg] t b'isd{sf] cf/De klg k/d]Zj/sf] gfdaf6
d';ndfgn] ub{5g\ / d';ndfgx¿sf] …v'bfÚ bofn' klg 5}g xf]nf, lsgeg] p;sf] bof tL kz'x¿dfly
/x]g / olb d';ndfgx¿ o;sf] cy{ hfGb}gg\ eg] t o; jrgsf] k|s6 x'g' Joy{ 5 . olb
d';ndfgx¿ o;sf] pN6f] cy{ ub{5g\ eg] t ;Lwf cy{ s] xf] < OToflb ..!..
d"n—@— ;a} :t'ltx¿ k/d]Zj/s} nflu x'g\ hf] k/j/lbuf/ cyf{t\ kfngxf/ xf] ;f/f
;+;f/sf] .. Ifdf ug]{jfnf bofn' 5 .. —d+lhn !÷l;kf/f !÷! ;"/M cn–kmfltxf÷cfot !, @ ..
;dLIfs— olb s'/fgsf] v'bf ;+;f/sf] kfngxf/ x'GYof] / ;a}dfly Ifdf / bof uYof]{ eg] t,
cGo dtjfnf / kz' cflbsf] klg d';ndfgx¿sf] xftaf6 d/fpgsf] x's'd lbg] lyPg .
olb Ifdf ug]{jfnf xf] eg] t s] kfkLx¿dfly klg Ifdf ug]{5 < / olb o:tf] xf] eg] t cufl8
n]lvg]5 ls æsflkm/x¿nfO{ sTn u/Æ cyf{t\ h;n] s'/fg / k}uDa/nfO{ dfGb}g Tof] sflkm/ xf], o:tf]
lsg eGYof] < o;}n] s'/fg O{Zj/s[t b]lv+b}g ..@..
d"n—#— Gofosf] lbgsf] dflns xf];\ .. xfdLn] t]/} g} elQm ub{5f}+ / tFaf6} ;xfotf rfxG5f}+ ..
xfdLnfO{ ;Lwf af6f] b]vfOb] .. —d+lhn !÷l;kf/f !÷! ;"/M cn–kmfltxf÷cfot #, $, % ..
;dLIfs— s] v'bfn] lgTo Gofo ub}{g < s'g} Ps lbg Gofo ub{5 < o;af6 t cGw] / ljlbt
x'G5 Û p;}sf] elQm ug'{ / p;}sf] ;xfotf rfxg' t 7Ls xf] k/Gt' s] g/fd|f] s'/fsf] klg ;xfotf
rfxg' < / ;Lwf dfu{ Ps d';ndfgx¿sf] dfq} xf] ls c¿sf] klg < ;Lwfdfu{nfO{ d';ndfgx¿n]
lsg u|x0f ub}{gg\ < s] ;Lwf dfu{ s'enf]lt/sf] t rfxFb}gg\ < olb enfO ;a}sf] Pp6} xf] eg] t k]ml/
d';ndfgx¿df g} ljz]if s]xL klg /x]g / olb csf{sf] enfO rfxFb}gg\ eg] t kIfkftL x'g\ ..#..
d"n—$— b]vf tL dfG5]x¿sf] dfu{ h;dfly t}+n] s[kf ul/;\ .. ltgLx¿sf] dfu{ xf]Og h;dfly
t]/f] qmf]w eof], g t tL dfG5]x¿sf] dfu{ h'g dfu{af6 el6\sP ..
—d+lhn !÷l;kf/f !÷! ;"/M cn–kmfltxf÷cfot ^, & ..
;dLIfs— ha d';ndfgx¿ k"j{hGd / k"j{s[t kfk–k'0o dfGb}gg\ eg] t s;}nfO{ b'j}
nf]sx¿sf] P]Zjo{ lbg] / s;}nfO{ glbgfn] v'bf kIfkftL x'g]5, lsgeg] lagf kfk–k'0osf] ;'v–b'v
lbg' s]jn cGofosf] s'/f xf] . / lagf sf/0f s;}dfly bof / s;}dfly qmf]w b[li6 ug'{ klg v'bfsf]
:jefjb]lv alxM xf] . lsgeg] lagf ;'sd{–b'isd{sf] p;n] bof cyjf qmf]w ug{ ;Sb}g, k]ml/ pgLx¿sf
k"j{;l~rt k'0o–kfk g} 5}g eg] t s;}dfly bof / s;}dfly qmf]w ug{ x'g;Sb}g ..

jf:tjdf of] zAb …s'/cfgÚ xf], k/Gt' efiffdf dfG5]x¿n] af]Ngdf s'/fg cfpF5, o;}n] oxfF o:t} n]lvPsf] 5 .
 / h'g …el6\sPÚ zAbsf] cy{ l6Kk0fLdf sflkm/, a]bLg -hf] d';ndfg xf]Og_ o:tf] n]lvPsf] 5
eg] t Tof] v'bf s]jn d';ndfgx¿sf] g} kIfkftL x'g]5, cGosf] xf]Og . lsgeg] olb ;a} dt–
dtfGt/x¿df wdf{Tdf / kfkfTdf x'G5g\ eg] t, wdf{Tdf klg o; n]vaf6 sflkm/ x'g ;Sb5g\ / h'g
d';ndfgx¿df g/fd|f] sfd ub{5g, s] ltgLx¿ sflkm/ xf]Ogg\ < / hf] sflkm/ 5g, tL ;a} dtx¿df
g/fd|f 5g\ / hf] wdf{Tdf 5g\, tL ;a}sf dtx¿df pQd 5g\ eg] d';ndfgx¿b]lv leÌ
dg'iox¿nfO{ o;/L sflkm/ eÌ' cljBfsf] s'/f xf] .
k]ml/ o; l;kf/f / ;"/sf] l6Kk0fLdf— æof] ;"/M cNnfx ;fxan] dg'iosf] d'vaf6 af]nfof] ls
;bf o; k|sf/af6 eÌ] u/f];\Æ, olb o:tf] s'/f xf] eg] t …clnk\m, a]Ú cflb cIf/ klg v'bfn] g} k9fP
xf]nfg\ . olb xf]Og eGb5f} eg] t lagf cIf/1fgsf] o; ;"/M nfO{ s;/L k9\g ;Sg] < s] s07af6}
af]nfP / af]Nb} uP < olb o:t} xf] eg] t ;a} s'/fg g} s07af6} k9fof] xf]nf .
o;af6 o:tf] ;Demg' kb{5 ls h'g k':tsdf kIfkftsf] s'/fx¿ kfOG5, Tof] k':ts O{Zj/s[t
x'g ;Sb}g, h:t} ls c/aL efiffdf ptfgf{n] c/ajfnfx¿nfO{ t o;nfO{ k9\g ;'ud, cGo efiffx¿
af]Ng]jfnfsf] nflu sl7g x'G5, o;}af6 v'bf kIfkft b]lvG5 / h;/L ;[li6:y ;a} b]z:y
dg'iox¿dfly Gofo b[li6n] ;a} b]zefiffx¿b]lv ljnIf0f ;+:s[t efiffsf] h'g ;a} b]zjfnfx¿sf] nflu
Ps}vfnsf] kl/>daf6 ljlbt x'G5 p;}df j]bx¿sf] k|sfz u/]sf] 5, s'/fgnfO{ klg uYof]{ eg] t s]xL
bf]if x'g] lyPg ..$..
d"n—%— of] cNnfxsf] lstfa xf], o;df s'g} ;Gb]x 5}g, dfu{bz{g xf] 8/fpg]x¿sf nflu ..
h;n] lagf b]v] ljZjf; ub{5g\ / gdfh :yflkt ub{5g\, / h]–hlt d}n] pgLx¿nfO{ lbPsf] 5',
To;af6 g} pgLx¿n] vr{ ub{5g\ .. / h'g O{dfg NofpF5g\ To;df h'g ltdLdfly cjtl/t ePsf] 5
-s'/fg_ / h'g ltdLb]lv k"j{ cjtl/t ul/Psf] 5, / Tof] cflv/t -k/nf]s_ df ljZjf; ub{5g\ .. pg}
dfG5]x¿n] cfˆgf] kfngxf/sf] dfu{ -lzIff_ kfPsf 5g\ / pg}n] ;kmntf kfpg]jfnf 5g\ .. h'g
dfG5]x¿n] -o; s'/fgsf]_ cj1f u/], pgLx¿sf] nflu ;dfg 5 ltdLn] pgLx¿nfO{ 8/fpm jf
g8/fpm, pgLx¿ dfÌ]jfnf 5}gg\ .. cNnfxn] pgLx¿sf] Åbodf / pgLx¿sf] sfgdf df]x/ -5fk_
nufOlbPsf] 5, / pgLx¿sf] cfFvfdf kbf{ 5, / pgLx¿sf] nflu s7f]/ oftgf 5 ..
—d+lhn !÷l;kf/f !÷@ ;"/M cn–as/÷cfot @, #, $, %, ^, & ..
;dLIfs— s] cfˆg} d'vn] cfˆg} lstfasf] k|z+;f ug'{ v'bfsf] g} bDesf] s'/f] xf]Og < ha
k/x]huf/ cyf{t\ wfld{s dfG5]x¿ 5g\ eg] t pgLx¿ :jtM ;Rrf dfu{df x'G5g\ / hf] e'm6f] dfu{df
5g\, pgLx¿nfO{ o; s'/fgn] dfu{ b]vfpg ;Sb}g eg] k]ml/ s] sfdsf] /Xof] <
s] kfk–k'0o / k'?iffy{sf] lagf v'bf cfˆg} vhfgfaf6 g} vr{ ug{sf] nflu lbG5 < olb lbG5
eg] t ;a}nfO{ lsg lb+b}g < / d';ndfgx¿n] lsg kl/>d ub{5g\ <
/ olb afOan O~hLn cflbdf ljZjf; ug{ of]Uo 5 eg] t d';ndfg O~hLn cflbdf O{dfg
h:tf] s'/fgdf 5, To:t} lsg ub}{gg\ < olb ub{5g\ eg] t s'/fg x'g' s]sf] nflu < olb eGb5f} ls
s'/fgdf clws s'/fx¿ 5g\ ta t klxnf] lstfadf n]Vg v'bfn] e'Nof] xf]nf Û olb e'n]sf] 5}g eg] t
s'/fgnfO{ agfpg' lgik|of]hg 5 / xfdLn] b]v]sf 5f}+ ls afOan / s'/fgsf s'/fx¿ s'g} –s'g} ldNb}g
gq t ;a} ldNb5 . Pp6f g} k':ts h:t} j]b 5 lsg agfPg < s] sofdtdf dfq} ljZjf; /fVg'kg]{
cGodf xf]Og <
s] O{;fO{ / d';ndfg dfq} v'bfsf] lzIffdf 5g\ pgLx¿df sf]xL klg kfkL 5}gg\ < s] hf] O{;fO{
/ d';ndfg cwdL{ 5g\, pgLx¿n] 5'6\sf/f kfpg] / bf];|f dtsf wdf{Tdfx¿n] klg gkfpg] xf] eg] t
a8f] cGofo, cGw]/sf] s'/f] xf] .. k]ml/ h;n] d';ndfg dtnfO{ dfGb}gg\, pgLx¿nfO{ sflkm/ eÌ'
PstkmL{ ¿kdf 8Íf ahfpg' xf]Og < ..
olb k/d]Zj/n] g} pgsf] cGtMs/0f / sfgdf df]x/ nufOlbof] / To;}n] pgLx¿ kfk ub{5g\
eg] t pgLx¿sf] s]xL klg bf]if 5}g, of] bf]if v'bfsf] g} xf] k]ml/ pgLx¿dfly ;'v–b'Mv jf kfk–k'0o
x'g ;Sb}g, k'gM pgLx¿nfO{ ;hfo lsg ub{5 < lsgeg] pgLx¿n] kfk jf k'0o :jtGqtfn]
u/]gg\ ..%..
d"n—^— ltgLx¿ cNnfx / O{dfGbf/x¿nfO{ wf]sf lbg rfxG5g\, k/Gt' s]jn ltgLx¿n]
cfk"mnfO{ wf]sf lbO/x]sf 5g\ / pgLx¿nfO{ o;sf] af]w 5}g .. pgLx¿sf] cGtMs/0fdf /f]u 5 eg] t
cNnfxn] pgLx¿sf] /f]unfO{ a9fOlbof] .. —d+lhn !÷l;kf/f !÷@ ;"/M cn–as/÷cfot (, !) ..
 ;dLIfs— s] O{Zj/b]lv s;}sf] 5n, sk6 c1ft /xg ;Sb5 < olb /xG5 eg] t Tof] v'bf g}
xf]Og . To;}n] o:tf] n]Vg Joy{ 5 . sxL+ k/d]Zj/nfO{ s;}n] e|dfpg ;Sb5 < olb e|dfpgfn] axlsg
hfG5 eg] t, Tof] O{Zj/ g} x'g ;Sb}g . lagf ck/fw v'bfn] pgLx¿sf] /f]u a9fOlbof], bof cfPgÙ tL
lar/fx¿nfO{ a8f] b'Mv eof] xf]nf Û s] of] z}tfgsf] eGbf klg a9L z}tfgLkgsf] sfd xf]Og < s;}sf]
dgdf tfnf -df]x/_ nufpg', s;}sf] /f]u a9fpg', v'bfsf] sfd x'g ;Sb}g, lsgeg] /f]ux¿ a9\g'
cfˆgf] kfkaf6 x'G5 ..^..
d"n—&— pgLx¿;Fu cNnfxn] 7Ýf ub{5 5 .. jxL x:tL xf] h;n] ltd|f nflu hldgnfO{
la5f}gf agfof] / cfsfznfO{ 5t agfof] .. —d+lhn !÷l;kf/f !÷@ ;"/M cn–as/÷cfot !%, @@ ..
;dLIfs— ha s;}sf] 7§f ug'{ pQd k'?ifsf] sfd xf]Og, t v'bfn] 7§f ug{of]Uo slxNo} x'Fb}g ,
/ hf] 7§]afh x'G5 Tof] v'bf g} xf]Og . enf cfsfz 5t s;}sf] x'g ;Sb5 < of] cljBfsf] s'/f xf] .
cfsfznfO{ 5tsf] ;dfg dfÌ' xfF;f]sf] s'/f xf] . olb s'g} k|sf/n] k[YjLnfO{ cfsfz dfGb5g\ eg] t
pg}sf 3/sf] s'/f xf] ..&..
d"n—*— olb To;sf] ljifodf h'g xfdLn] cfˆgf k}uDa/dfly ptf/]sf 5f}+, ltdL s'g} ;Gb]xdf
5}gf} eg] To:t} s'g} csf]{ ;"/M lnP/ cfcf], cNnfxsf] l;jf olb ltdL ;fFrf xf} eg] .. ltd|fnfO{
af]nfP/ b]vfpm . olb ltdLn] o:tf] ug{ ;Sb}gf} eg] t 8/fpg' To; cfuf];Fu h;sf] OGwg aÌ]5g\
dg'io / 9'Ëf, Tof] tof/ ul/Psf] 5 sflkm/x¿sf] nflu ..
—d+lhn !÷l;kf/f !÷@ ;"/M cn–as/÷cfot @#, @$ ..
;dLIfs— enf, s'g} o:tf] s'/f] klg x'G5 To;sf] ;b[z s'g} ;"/t gagf];\ < s] csa/
afbzfxsf] ;dodf df}njL k}mhLn] lagf g'stfsf] s'/fg agfPsf] lyPg <
Tof] s'grflx+ cfuf] h'g bf]hv -g/s_ sf] xf] < s] oxfFsf] cfuf];Fu 8/fpg' x'Fb}g < o;sf] klg
OGwg oxfF h]–hlt 5 Tof] ;a} xf] < h:tf] s'/fgdf n]lvPsf] 5 ls sflkm/x¿ -dt gdfÌ]x¿_ sf
nflu 9'Ëf agfOPsf] xf] eg], To:t} k'/f0fx¿df klg n]lvPsf] 5 ls Dn]R5x¿sf nflu 3f]/ g/s
ag]sf] 5 Û ca eÌ'xf];\ s;sf] s'/f] ;fFrf] dfÌ] <
cfˆgf–cfˆgf jrgn] b'O6} :ju{ufdL / bf];|fsf] dtn] b'O6} g/sufdL x'G5g\, To;}n] oL ;a}
emu8f e'm6f] xf], lsGt' hlt wfld{s 5g\ pgLx¿n] ;'v / hlt kfkL 5g\ ;a} dtdf pgLx¿n] b'Mv
kfpF5g\ ..*..
d"n—(— / z'e ;Gb]z b]cf] ltgLx¿nfO{ h;n] O{dfgbf/L u/]/ /fd|f] sfd u/] . pgLx¿sf]
nflu o:tf] au}+rf x'g]5 ls h;df tn gx/ au]sf] x'g]5, hlt j]nf klg pgLx¿nfO{ au}+rfaf6 kmn
vfg ldNg]5, ta eÌ]5g\ ls of] ToxL xf] h'g xfdLnfO{ klxnf lbOPsf] lyof], pgLx¿sf nflu jxfF
kljq hf]8L x'g]5g\, :qLx¿ ToxfF ;b}j /xg]5g\ ..
—d+lhn !÷l;kf/f !÷@ ;"/M cn–as/÷cfot @% ..
;dLIfs— enf Û of] s'/fgsf] alxZt -hÌt–:ju{_ df ;+;f/b]lv s'grflx+ pQd s'/f] 5 <
lsgeg] hf] kbfy{ ;+;f/df 5g\, ToxL g} d';ndfgx¿sf] :ju{df 5g\ . dfq olt ljz]if 5 ls oxfF
h;/L k'?if hGdG5g\–db{5g\ / cfpF5g\–hfG5g\, p;} k|sf/n] :ju{df 5}g . lsGt' oxfFsL :qLx¿ ;bf
/xFb}gg\ / jxfF kTgLx¿ cyf{t\ pQd :qLx¿ ;bfsfn /xG5g\ eg] t ha;Dd sofdt -k|no_ sf] /ft
cfpg]5}g ta;Dd tL ljrf/Lx¿sf] lbg s;/L sfl6G5 xf]nf <
x'g;Sb5 v'bfsf] pgLx¿dfly s[kf x'G5 xf]nf Û olb v'bfs} cf>odf lbg sf6\b5g\ eg] t
7Ls} xf] Û lsgeg] of] d';ndfgx¿sf] :ju{ t uf]s'lno] u';f+O{x¿sf] uf]nf]s / dlGb/s} ;b[z b]lvG5 .
lsgeg] ToxfF :qLx¿sf] dfGotf w]/} 5, k'?ifx¿sf] 5}g, / hlt pgLx¿dfly v'bfsf] k|]d w]/} 5, Tolt
k'?ifx¿dfly 5}g, lsgeg] :qLx¿nfO{ v'bfn] ;bfsf] nflu alxZt -au+}rf_ df /fVof] t/ k'?ifx¿nfO{
/fv]g, tL >LdtLx¿ lagf v'bfsf] dhL{n] :ju{df s;/L /xg ;Sg] < olb of] s'/f] o:t} xf] eg] t v'bf
:qLx¿;Fu km:g]5 ..(..
d"n—!)— cfbdnfO{ ;f/f gfd l;sfP, k]ml/ kml/Ztfx¿sf] ;fd'Ì] kf/]/ eGof] ls— olb ltdL
;fFrf] xf} eg] dnfO{ logLx¿sf gfd eg .. k]ml/ eGof] ls x] cfbd Û To;nfO{ pgLx¿sf gfd atfOb],
ta p;n] atfOlbof], k]ml/ v'bfn] kml/Ztfx¿;Fu eGof] ls— s] d}n] ltdLl;t eg]sf] lyOg ls
lgZro d k[YjL / cfsfzdf n's]sf j:t'x¿sf] / k|s6–ck|s6 sd{x¿nfO{ hfGb5' ..
—d+lhn !÷l;kf/f !÷@ ;"/M cn–as/÷cfot #!, ## ..
 ;dLIfs— enf, o:tf kml/Ztfx¿nfO{ wf]sf lbP/ cfˆgf] a8fO ug'{ v'bfsf] sfd x'g ;Sb5 <
of] t Pp6f bDesf] s'/f] eof], o;nfO{ s'g} ljåfg\n] dfÌ ;Sb}g / g o:tf] cledfg ub{5 . s] o:tf]
s'/fx¿n] g} v'bf cfˆgf] l;4fO hdfpg rfxG5 < xf] hËnLx¿df s'g}n] o:tf] kfv08 rnfpg rfx]df
rnfpg ;Sb5, ;Eohgx¿df xf]Og ..!)..
d"n—!!— ha d}n] kml/Ztfx¿nfO{ eg] ls afaf cfbdnfO{ ;Hbf -gd:sf/_ u/, ta
pgLx¿n] gd:sf/ u/] t/ OanL; -z}tfg_ n] gd:sf/ u/]g . p;n] cj1f u¥of] / 3d08 u¥of]
lsgeg] Tof] klg sflkm/ lyof] . —d+lhn !÷l;kf/f !÷@ ;"/M cn–as/÷cfot #$ ..
;dLIfs— To;}n] v'bf ;j{1 xf]Og . cyf{t\ e"t, eljiot\ / jt{dfgsf] k"/f s'/f hfGb}g . olb
hfGbYof] eg] t z}tfgnfO{ k}bf g} lsg u¥of] < / v'bfdf s]xL t]h klg 5}g, lsgeg] z}tfgn] v'bfsf]
x's'dnfO{ g} dfg]g / v'bfn] To;nfO{ s]xL klg ug{ ;s]g .
c¿ x]g'{xf];\ Û hfaf] Ps z}tfg sflkm/n] v'bfsf] klg 5Ssf 5'6fOlbof] eg] t, d';ndfgx¿sf]
sygfg';f/ leÌ hxfF s/f]8f}+ sflkm/x¿ 5g\ . jxfF d';ndfgx¿sf] v'bf / d';ndfgLx¿sf] s]xL rNg
;Sb5 <
slxn]sflx+ v'bfn] klg s;}sf] /f]u a9fOlbg] ub{5, s;}nfO{ e|ddf kfl/lbG5, v'bfn] oL s'/fx¿
z}tfgaf6 l;s]sf] xf]nf / z}tfgn] v'bfaf6Ù lsgeg] lagf v'bfsf] z}tfgx¿sf] j:tfb c¿ sf]xL x'g
;Sb}g ..!!..
d"n—!@—d}n] eg] cf] cfbd Û tF / t]/L hf]¿ au}+rfdf /x]/ cfgGbdf hxfF rfxG5f} vfcf] k/Gt'
;dLkdf ghfg' To; j[Ifsf] ls kfkL x'g]5f} . z}tfgn] e|ddf kf¥of] / pgLx¿nfO{ au}+rfsf] cfgGbb]lv
5'6fOlbof] ta d}n] eg] ls tn em/ ltd|f] s'g} zq' 5, ltd|f] 7]ufgf k[YjL xf] / Ps ;do;Dd nfe
x'g]5 .. cfbdn] cfˆgf] dflnssf] s]xL s'/f l;s]/ k[YjLdf cfof] ..
—d+lhn !÷l;kf/f !÷@ ;"/M cn–as/÷cfot #%, #^, #& ..
;dLIfs— ca x]g'{xf];\ v'bfsf] cNk1tf Û ev{/} :ju{df /xgsf] nflu cfzLjf{b lbof] / k'gM
s]xLa]/ kl5 eGof] lg:s . olb eljiot\sf] s'/f hfGYof] eg] t j/ g} lsg lbGYof] < / axsfpg]jfnf
z}tfgnfO{ b08 lbgdf klg c;dy{ b]lvG5 . k]ml/ Tof] j[If s;sf] nflu pTkÌ u/]sf] lyof] < s]
cfˆgf] nflu xf] ls csf{sf] nflu < olb cfˆgf] nflu xf] eg] t To;sf] s] h?/t lyof] < olb csf{sf]
nflu xf] eg] t lsg /f]Sof] < To;}n] o:tf s'/f g v'bfsf], g t p;n] agfPsf] k':tsdf x'g ;Sb5 .
cfbd ;fx]an] v'bf;Fu slt s'/f l;s]/ cfP < / ha k[YjLdf cfbd ;fx]a cfP ta s'g k|sf/n]
cfP < s] tf] au}+rf kxf8df 5 ls cfsfzdf < To;af6 s;/L plqP/ cfP < cyjf kIfLsf] t'No
cfP cyjf h;/L dflyaf6 9'Ëf n8]e}+m v;] < o;df of] ljlbt x'G5 ls cfbd ;fx]a df6f]af6 ag]sf
eP t logsf] :ju{df klg df6f] xf]nf . k]ml/ hlt jxfF 5g\ tL ;a} klg To:t} kml/Ztf cflb xf]nfg\,
lsgeg] df6fsf] z/L/ lagf OlGb|oef]u x'g ;Sb}g . ha kfly{j z/L/ 5 eg] t d[To' klg cjZo
x'g'kb{5 .. olb d[To' x'G5 eg] t ltgLx¿ ToxfFaf6 sxfF hfG5g\ xf]nf < / d[To' x'Fb}g eg] t pgsf]
hGd klg ePg . ha hGd 5 t d[To' cjZo g} x'G5 . olb o:t} xf] eg] t s'/fgdf n]lvPsf] 5 ls
kTgLx¿ ;b}j au}+rfdf /xG5g\, ;f] e'm6f] x'g hfg]5 lsgeg] pgsf] klg d[To' cjZo xf]nf, ha o:tf]
5 eg] t au}+rfdf hfg]jfnfsf] klg d[To' cjZo xf]nf ..!@..
d"n—!#— To; lbg;Fu 8/ ls ha s'g} hLjn] s'g} hLj;Fu e/f];f ug]{5}g, g t To;sf]
l;kmfl/z g} :jLsf/ ul/g]5, g To;sf] abnfdf s]xL lnOg]5 / g ;xfotf kfpg]5 ..
—d+lhn !÷l;kf/f !÷@ ;"/M cn–as/÷cfot $* ..
;dLIfs— s] jt{dfg lbgx¿df g8/fpg] < b'isd{ ug{df ;a} lbg 8/fpg'kb{5 . ha
l;kmfl/z ;'lgg]5}g eg] t k]ml/ k}uDa/sf] ;fIfL jf l;kmfl/zaf6 v'bfn] :ju{ lbg]5 of] s'/f s'g
tl/sfn] ;fFrf] x'g ;Snf < s] v'bf :ju{jfnf dfq}sf] ;xfos xf], g/sjfnfsf] xf]Og < olb o:t} xf]
eg] t v'bf kIfkftL xf] ..!#..
d"n—!$— / ha d}n] d";fnfO{ lstfa / s;f}6L lbPF tfls ltdLn] dfu{ kfpg ;s .. d}n]
ltgLx¿nfO{ eg]+ ls ltdLx¿ lglGbt afFb/ aÌ]5f} .. of] Ps r]tfjgL lbPF h'g ltgLx¿sf nflu hf]
cufl8 lyP / cfpg] lk+9Lsf] nflu, clg lzIff OdfGbf/x¿sf nflu ..
—d+lhn !÷l;kf/f !÷@ ;"/M cn–as/÷cfot %#, ^%, ^^ ..
 ;dLIfs— ha d";fnfO{ lstfa lbof} eg] t s'/fgsf] x'g' lg/y{s 5 . / p;nfO{ cfZro{ zlQm
lbOof] of] afOan / s'/fg b'O6}df n]lvPsf] 5 k/Gt' of] s'/f dfÌof]Uo 5}g, lsgeg] olb o:tf] x'GYof]
eg] t clxn] klg x'GYof], hf] clxn] 5}g t ;f] klxn] klg lyPg . h;/L :jfyL{x¿ cfhef]ln klg
cljåfg\x¿sf] ;fd'Ì] l;4 aGb5g\ To:t} Tof] ;dodf klg sk6 u/] xf]nfg\, lsgeg] v'bf / p;sf
;]js clxn] klg ljBdfg 5g\ k'gM olt j]nf v'bfn] cfZro{ sd{ lsg lb+b}g / ug{ ;Sb}gg\ < olb
d";fnfO{ lstfa lbPsf] lyof] eg] t k'gM s'/fgnfO{ lbg' s] cfjZos lyof] < lsgeg] h'g lxt–clxt
ug]{ gug]{sf] pkb]z ;j{q Ps}vfnsf] x'G5 . k'gM leÌ–leÌ k':ts ugf{n] k'g?Qm bf]if x'G5 . s]
d";fhLnfO{ lbPsf] k':tsdf v'bfn] e'n]sf] lyof] < olb lglGbt afFb/ aÌ s]jn r]tfjgL lbgsf] nflu
eg]sf] lyof] eg] t, To;n] eÌ' Joy{ eof] cyjf 5n u¥of] . h;n] o:tf] s'/f ub{5 / h;df o;
k|sf/sf s'/fx¿ 5g\, Tof] g v'bf g t of] k':ts v'bfn] agfPsf] x'g ;Sb5 ..!$..
d"n—!%— o; k|sf/ cNnfxn] d'bf{x¿ Ao'FtfpF5, ltdLnfO{ cfˆgf] lgzfgLx¿ b]vfpF5, tfls
ltdLx¿n] a'‰g ;s .. —d+lhn !÷l;kf/f !÷@ ;"/M cn–as/÷cfot &# ..
;dLIfs— s] d'bf{x¿nfO{ cfk}mn] Ao'FtfpFYof] eg] t clxn] lsg Ao'FtfpFb}g < s] sofdtsf]
/ft;Dd lrxfgdf /lx/xg] 5g\ < s] cfhef]ln bf}/f;'k'b{ -lrxfgsf] e|d0fdf_ xf] < s] oltdfq} O{Zj/sf
lgzfgLx¿ x'g\ < k[YjL, ;"o{, rGb|flb lgzfgLx¿ xf]Ogg\ < s] hut\df ljljw /rgf ljz]if k|ToIf
b]lvG5g\ oL lgzfgLx¿ yf]/} x'g\ < ..!%..
d"n—!^— h;n] O{dfgbf/L u/] ltgLx¿ ;b}j hÌt -j}s'07_ df jf; ug]{5g\ lsGt' a'/fO
sdfpg]x¿ nflu ltgsf] ck/fwn] 3]g]{5 / ;b}j cfuf] -g/s_ df jf; ug]{5g\ ..
—d+lhn !÷l;kf/f !÷@ ;"/M cn–as/÷cfot *@ ..
;dLIfs— s'g} klg hLj cToGt kfk k'0o ug]{ ;fdYo{ /fVb}g o;}n] ;b}j :ju{ g/sdf /xg
;Sb}gg\ . / olb v'bfn] o:tf] ub{5 eg] t pm cGofosf/L / cljåfg\ x'g hfG5 . sofdtsf] /ftdf
Gofo x'g]5 eg] t dg'iosf kfk k'0o a/fa/ x'g' plrt x'G5, hf] cgGt 5}g To;sf] cgGt kmn
s;/L x'g ;Sb5 < / ;[li6 ePsf] ;ft cf7 xhf/ jif{ otfdfq} atfpF5g\, s] o;sf] k"j{ v'bf lgsDdf
a;]sf] lyof] < / sofdtsf] k5fl8 klg lgsDdf x'g]5 < oL s'/fx¿ ;a} aRrfsf h:tf 5g\, lsgeg]
k/d]Zj/sf] sfd ;b}j jt{dfg /xG5g\ / hlt h;sf] kfk k'0o x'G5 Tolt g} To;nfO{ kmn lbG5,
o;}n] s'/fgsf] of] s'/f] ;fFrf] xf]Og ..!^..
d"n—!&— ha d}n] ltdLnfO{ k|lt1f u/fPF ls ltdLn] cfˆgfsf] /ut aufpg] 5}gf} /
cfˆgf dfG5]x¿nfO{ cfˆgf a:tLaf6 lgsfNg] 5}gf}, k]ml/ ltdLn] dnfO{ jrg lbof} / To;sf] ltdL
;fIfL 5f} .. k]ml/ ltdLx¿ ToxL dfG5] xf} h;n] ls cfˆgfsf] xTof ub{5f} / cfˆgf g} Ps ;d"xnfO{
pgLx¿sf] a:tLaf6 aflx/ lgsfNb5f}, pgLx¿sf lj?4 pgsf zq'x¿nfO{ ;xfotf ub{5f} ..
—d+lhn !÷l;kf/f !÷@ ;"/M cn–as/÷cfot *$, *% ..
;dLIfs— enf k|lt1f ug'{ / u/fpg' cNk1x¿sf] s'/f xf] ls k/dfTdfsf] < ha k/d]Zj/
;j{1 5 eg] t o:tf] s8fs"6 ;+;f/L dg'iosf] ;dfg lsg ug]{5 < enf of] s'grflx+ /fd|f ] s'/f] eof]
ls cfk;df /ut gaufpg', cfˆgf dtjfnfnfO{ 3/af6 glgsfNg', cyf{t\ bf];|f] dtjfnfx¿sf] /ut
aufpg' / 3/af6 aflx/ lgsflnlbg' < ldYof, d"v{tf / kIfkftsf] s'/f geP s] xf] < s] k/d]Zj/
k|ydaf6} hfGb}gYof] ls logLx¿n] k|lt1fb]lv lj?4 ug]{5g\ < o;}af6 ljlbt x'G5 ls d';ndfgx¿sf]
v'bf klg O{;fO{x¿sf y'k|} pkdf /fVb5 / of] s'/fg :jtGq k':ts aÌ ;Sb}g lsgeg] o;df yf]/}
dfq s'/fx¿nfO{ 5f]8]/ afFsL ;a} s'/f afOansf 5g\ !&..
d"n—!*— logLx¿ g} x'g\ tL dfG5]x¿ h;n] cfv/t -k/nf]s_ sf] abnfdf ;f+;fl/s hLjg
lsg], ctM logLx¿sf] oftgfdf s6f}lt ul/g]5 / pgLx¿nfO{ ;xfotf k'Ug]5 ..
—d+lhn !÷l;kf/f !÷@ ;"/M cn–as/÷cfot *^ ..
;dLIfs— enf Û o:tf] O{iof{–å]ifsf] s'/f] st} O{Zj/sf] x'g ;Sb5 < csf{sf] syf cs}{nfO{ eÌ],
s;}sf] kIf lng] v'bfsf] s'/f x'g ;Sb5 < lsGt' s'g} dtfjnDaL dg'iosf]lt/af6 xf] . h;sf
kfkx¿sf] s6f}lt ul/g] / h;nfO{ ;xfotf ul/g] tL dfG5]x¿ sf] x'g\ < olb ltgLx¿ kfkL x'g\ /
kfkx¿sf] b08 lbP lagf g} 5'6\sf/f lbg] xf] eg] t cGofo x'g]5 . h;nfO{ ;hfo lbP/ xNsf ug]{ xf]
eg] t h;sf] aofg o; cfotdf ul/Psf] 5, tL ;a}n] ;hfo kfP/ xNsf x'g ;Sb5g\ . k]ml/ b08
lbP/ klg xNsf ul/Pg eg] klg cGofo x'g]5 . hxfF kfkx¿af6 xNsf u/fpg] s'/fsf] k|of]hg
wdf{Tdfx¿sf] xf] eg] t, pgLx¿sf kfk t cfk}m xNsf x'G5Ù v'bfn] s] g} u5{ < To;}n] of] n] v
ljåfg\sf] xf]Og . ;fy} wdf{Tdfx¿nfO{ ;'v / cwdL{x¿nfO{ b'Mv, ltgsf sdf{g';f/ ;b}j lbg'
kb{5 ..!*..
d"n—!(— k]ml/ d}n] d";fnfO{ lstfa lbPF / To; k5fl8 Ps /;"n -k}uDa/–;Gb]zjfxs_
k7fPF . / dl/odsf] k'q O{;fnfO{ v'Nnf lgzfgLx¿ k|bfg u/]+ ls kljq cfTdf -¿xn–s'b\;_ af6
p;nfO{ ;xfotf ul/of] . ha s'g} klg k}uDa/n] ltdLsxfF Tof] s'/f lnP/ cfof] h'g ltd|f] dgnfO{
/fd|f] nfu]g ta ltdLn] 3d08 u¥of} . k]ml/ ltdLn] Ps ;d"xnfO{ e'm6f] agfof} / Ps ;d"xsf] xTof
ul/lbof} .. —d+lhn !÷l;kf/f !÷@ ;"/M cn–as/÷cfot *& ..
;dLIfs— ha s'/fgdf ;fIfL 5 ls d";fnfO{ lstfa lbOof] eg] t To;nfO{ dfÌ'
d';ndfgx¿nfO{ cfjZos x'G5, / h'g–h'g To; k':tsdf bf]if 5 Tof] klg d';ndfgsf] dtdf cfP/
v:of] / …df}lhh]Ú cyf{t\ b}jLzlQmsf] s'/f ;a} cGoyf xf], ef]nf–efnf dg'ionfO{ axsfpgsf] nflu
dfG5]x¿n] e'm6–d'6 rnfPsf x'g\, lsgeg] ;[li6qmd / ljBfb]lv lj?4 ;a} s'/fx¿ e'm6f g} x'G5g\ .
olb Tof] ;dodf …df}lhh]Ú lyP eg] t olt j]nf lsg 5}gg\ < ha olt j]nf 5}gg\ eg] t plt j]nf
klg lyPgg\, o;df s]xL klg ;Gb]x 5}g ..!(..
d"n—@)—o; eGbf cufl8 To;nfO{ h;n] dfGb}gy], pg}dfly ljho ug{ yfn], k]ml/ Tof]
lstfa pgLx¿sxfF cfof], To;nfO{ pgLx¿n] lrg] klg, h; -sflkm/_ n] :jLsfg{ rfx]g cNnfxsf]
km6\sf/ -nfgt_ 5 .. —d+lhn !÷l;kf/f !÷@ ;"/M cn–as/÷cfot *( ..
;dLIfs— s] h;/L ltdLn] cGo dtjfnfO{ sflkm/ eGb5f} To;/L g} pgLx¿n] ltdLnfO{
sflkm/ eGb5g\ < / pgsf dtsfn] klg ltdLnfO{ pgsf O{Zj/lt/af6 lwSsfb{5g\, k]ml/ eg sf] ;fFrf]
sf] e'm6f] < olb ljrf/ u/]/ x]g]{ xf] eg] t ;a} dtjfnfx¿df e'm6 kfOG5 / h'g ;fFrf] xf] Tof] ;a}df
Ps;dfg 5, of] ;a} n8fO{+ d"v{tfsf] xf] ..@)..
d"n—@!— cfgGbsf] ;Gb]z O{dfGbf/x¿nfO{ .. hf] cNnfx kml/Ztfx¿, k}uDa/x¿, lha/O{n /
dLsfO{nsf] zq' 5 cNnfx klg To:tf sflkm/x¿sf] zq' xf] < ..
—d+lhn !÷l;kf/f !÷@ ;"/M cn–as/÷cfot (&, (* ..
;dLIfs— ha d';ndfg eGb5g\ ls …v'bf nfz/LsÚ xf], k]ml/ oL kmf}hsf kmf}h …z/LsÚ
sxfFaf6 u¥of] < hf] z}tfgsf] zq' x'G5, Tof] s] k/d]Zj/sf] klg zq' xf] < s] Tof] v'bfsf] cf1fb]lv
lj?4 rNb}g < o;}af6 v'bf kIfkftL x'g hfG5 ..@!..
d"n—@@— / eg ls P kfngxf/ Û xfd|f] kfkx¿nfO{ Ifdf ul/b], xfdLn] ltd|f kfkx¿nfO{ Ifdf
ul/lbg]5f}+ / enfO ug]{jfnfnfO{ clws klg lbg]5f}+ ..
—d+lhn !÷l;kf/f !÷@ ;"/M cn–as/÷cfot %* ..
;dLIfs— enf of] v'bfsf] pkb]z ;a}nfO{ kfkL agfpg]jfnf 5 ls 5}g < lsgeg] ha kfk
Ifdf x'g] cf>o dg'ionfO{ ldNb5 ta g} kfkb]lv sf]xL 8/fpFb}g, To;}n] o:tf] eÌ]jfnf v'bf / of]
v'bfn] agfPsf] k':ts x'g ;Sb}g . lsgeg] Tof] Gofosf/L 5, cGofo slxNo} ub}{g / kfk Ifdf ubf{df
cGofosf/L e}xfNb5Ù lsGt' oyfk/fw b08 g} lbgfn] Gofosf/L x'g ;Sb5 ..@@..
d"n—@#— ha d";fn] cfˆgf] sf}d -s'n_ sf] nflu kfgL dfUof], ta d}n] eg] cfˆgf] nf7L
9'Ëfdf ahfb]{, ta To;af6 afx| cf]6f kfgLsf d"n k'm6] ..
—d+lhn !÷l;kf/f !÷@ ;"/M cn–as/÷cfot ^) ..
;dLIfs— ca x]g'{xf];\ Û oL ukmf}8fsf] t'No bf];|f] s'g} 5 xf]nf < Pp6f 9'Ëfsf] lznfdf nÝL
dfgf{n] afx| cf]6f kfgLsf d"n lg:sg' ;j{yf c;Dej 5 . olb To; 9'ËfnfO{ leqaf6 vfnL u/]/,
To;df kfgL e/]/ afx| Kjfn u/] dfq} ;Dej 5, cGoyf x'Fb}g ..@#..
d"n—@$— cNnfxn] h;nfO{ rfxG5 cfˆgf] bofsf] nflu r'Gb5, cNnfx cToGt bofjfg\ 5 ..
—d+lhn !÷l;kf/f !÷@ ;"/M cn–as/÷cfot !)% ..
;dLIfs— h;nfO{ d'Vo agfpg of]Uo 5}g, g t bof ug{ of]Uo 5, s] To:tfnfO{ klg k|wfg
agfP/ To;dfly bof ub{5 < olb o:t} xf] eg] t v'bf a8f] u8al8ofjfnf xf], lsgeg] k]ml/ /fd|f]
sfd s;n] ug]{ < g/fd|f] sfd s;n] 5f]8\g] < lsgeg] v'bfsf] k|;Ìtfdf g} ;a} s'/f lge{/ ub{5,
sd{kmndfly xf]Og . o;}af6 ;a}df cgf:yf hfu]/ wdf]{R5]bk|;Ë x'g]5 ..@$..

¿xn–s'b\; eGb5g\ lha|LnnfO{ h'g ls x/avt d;Lxsf] ;fydf /xGYof] .
 d"n—@%— o:tf] gxf];\ ls sflkm/x¿n] O{iof{ u/]/ ltdLnfO{ O{dfgaf6 k]m/fOlbpmg\, lsgeg]
pgLx¿df O{dfgjfnfx¿sf y'k|} ldq 5g\ .. —d+lhn !÷l;kf/f !÷@ ;"/M cn–as/÷cfot !)( ..
;dLIfs— ca x]g'{xf];\ Û v'bfn] g} pgLx¿nfO{ r]tfpF5 ls ltd|f] O{dfgnfO{ sflkm/x¿n]
g8udufOlbpmg\ . s] Tof] ;j{1 5}g < o:tf] s'/f v'bfsf] x'g ;Sb}g ..@%..
d"n—@^—ltdLn] htflt/ d'v ub{5f} Tot}lt/ cNnfxsf] d'v kb{5 ..
—d+lhn !÷l;kf/f !÷@ ;"/M cn–as/÷cfot !!% ..
;dLIfs— olb of] s'/f ;fFrf] xf] eg] t d';ndfg …sfaflt/Ú lsg d'v ksf{pF5g\ < olb
eGnfg\ ls xfdLnfO{ sfaflt/ g} d'v kmsf{pgsf] nflu x's'd 5, ta of] klg x's'd 5 ls rfx]
htflt/ klg d'v u/, s] Pp6f s'/f ;fFrf] / csf]{ e'm6f] xf] t < olb cNnfxsf] d'v 5 eg] t Tof]
;a}lt/ x'g g} ;Sb}g, lsgeg] Ps d'v Psflt/dfq} x'G5, ;a}lt/ s;/L x'g ;Sb5 < o;n] of] s'/f]
;Ët 5}g ..@^..
d"n—@&— pm cfsfz / e"ldnfO{ pTkÌ ug]{jfnf xf], ha p;n] s]xL ug{ rfxG5, of] xf]Og ls
p;nfO{ ug'{ kb{5 lsGt' To;nfO{ eGb5 ls æeOhfÆ Û clg t e}xfNb5 ..
—d+lhn !÷l;kf/f !÷@ ;"/M cn–as/÷cfot !!& ..
;dLIfs— enf v'bfn] x's'd lbof] ls æeOhfÆ ta Tof] x's'd s;n] ;'Gof] < / s;nfO{ ;'gfof]
< k]ml/ sf] aGof] < s'g sf/0fn] agfof] < ha o:tf] n]Vb5g\ ls ;[li6sf] k"j{ l;jfo v'bfsf] c¿ bf];|f]
j:t' s]xL klg lyPg eg] t of] ;+;f/ sxfFaf6 cfof] < lagf sf/0f s'g} klg sfo{ x'Fb}g eg] t olt
7"nf] hut\ sf/0fsf] lagf sxfFaf6 eof] < of] s'/f] s]jn aRkgfsf] xf]
k"j{kIfL— v'bfsf] OR5faf6 .
pQ/kIfL— s] ltd|f] OR5fn] Pp6f dfvfsf] 6fË klg aÌ ;Sb5 < h'g eGb5f} ls v'bfsf]
OR5fn] of] ;a} hut\ aGof] .
k"j{kIfL — v'bf ;j{zlQmdfg\ 5 To;}n] h] rfxG5 Tof] ug{ ;Sb5 .
pQ/kIfL— ;j{zlQmdfg\ zAbsf] s] cy{ xf] <
k"j{kIfL — h] rfxG5 Tof] ug{;Sg] .
pQ/kIfL— s] v'bf csf]{ v'bf klg aÌ ;Sb5, cfk}m dg{ ;Sb5, d"v{, /f]uL / c1fgL klg aÌ
;Sb5 <
k"j{kIfL — o:tf] slxNo} aÌ ;Sb}g .
pQ/kIfL— o;}n] k/d]Zj/ cfˆgf] / c¿sf] u'0f, sd{, :jefjsf] lj?4 s]xL klg ug{ ;Sb}g .
h;/L ;+;f/df s'g} j:t' agfpgsf] nflu tLg kbfy{ cfjZos x'G5g\— Ps agfpg]jfnf h:t} s'dfn],
bf];|f] 3}+6f] aÌ] df6f] / t];|f] To;sf ;fwg h;af6 3}+6f] tof/ kfl/G5, h:t} s'dfn], df6f] / ;fwgn]
3}+6f] aGb5 / 3}+6f] aÌ eGbf k"j{ s'dfn], df6f] / ;fwg pkl:yt /x]sf x'G5g\, To;/L g} hut\sf] aÌ
eGbf k"j{ k/d]Zj/, hut\sf] sf/0f k|s[lt / pgsf u'0f, sd{, :jefj cgflb /x]sf x'G5g\, To;}n] of]
s'/fgsf] s'/f ;j{yf ldYof xf] ..@&..
d"n—@*— ha d}n] sfafnfO{ dfG5]x¿ Psq x'gsf] nflu kljq :yfg / zflGtsf] :yfg
3f]lift u/]+ . clg cfb]z lbPF ls dsfd Oa|fxLdsf] pleg] :yfgnfO{ gdfh k9\gsf] nflu :yfg
agfcf], k]ml/ d}n] Oa|fxLd / :dfO{nnfO{ x's'd lbPF ls d]/f] 3/sf] kl/qmdf ug]{jfnfx¿, Pt]sfkm -a;]/
:t'lt_ ug]{jfnfx¿, ?s" -e'ms]/_ / ;hbf -gdg_ ug{]jfnfx¿sf] nflu kljq /fv ..
—d+lhn !÷l;kf/f !÷@ ;"/M cn–as/÷cfot !@% ..
;dLIfs— s] sfafsf] eGbf klxnf kljq :yfg v'bfn] s'g} klg agfPsf] lyof] ls lyPg < olb
agfPsf] lyof] eg] t sfafnfO{ agfpg' s'g} cfjZostf /x]g, olb agfPsf] lyPg eg] t lar/f
k"jf]{TkÌx¿nfO{ kljq :yfgsf] lagf g} /fVbYof] < ha s'/fg agfPsf] lyof], ta O{Zj/nfO{ kljq :yfg
agfpgsf] nflu :d/0f ePg xf]nf ..@*..
d"n—@(— tL s'g dg'io x'g h;n] Oa|fxLdsf] bLgnfO{ dg k/fpFb}gg\, k/Gt' Tof] h;n]
cfk"mn] cfk}mnfO{ d"v{ agfPsf] xf]nf . ha ls d}n] Oa|fxLdnfO{ ;+;f/sf] nflu r'g]sf] lyPF / k/nf]sdf
Tof] wfld{s dfG5]x¿df x'g]5 . —d+lhn !÷l;kf/f !÷@ ;"/M cn–as/÷cfot !#) ..
;dLIfs— s] d';ndfgx¿ Oa|fxLdsf] dhxab]lv w]/} k]ml/Psf 5}gg\ < s] of] v'bfsf] s'/f] xf]
ls p;nfO{ d"v{ k|;Ì x'G5g\, ljåfg\ xf]Ogg\ < of] s'/f] cljåQfsf] xf] cyf{t\ ha o; k':tsnfO{
agfpg]jfnfn] ;lDemof] ls d cljåfg\ 5' / ljåfg\x¿n] d]/f] s'/f] sf6\g]5g\, d}n] pQ/ lbg ;Sg] 5}g,
o;}n] wd{–ljifodf d"v{sf] ;dfg eP/ h];'s} c08–a08 elglbP klg ;a} s'/f dfÌ'kb{5 . olb o:tf]
ub}{gYof] eg] t dfG5]x¿ p;sf dhxadf cfpg] lyPgg\, cfP/ klg l:y/ /xg] lyPgg\, g t p;sf]
k|of]hg g} l;4 x'g] lyof] . xf], of] t 7Ls xf] ls hf] wdf{Tdf x'G5 jxL O{Zj/sf] lk|o x'G5, cwdL{
xf]Og ..@(..
d"n—#)— d}n] ltd|f] d'v k6s–k6s cfsfzlt/ p7]sf] b]Vg]5', ctM d}n] ltdLnfO{ p;}
sfaflt/ k]m/fOlbg]5' h;nfO{ ltdLn] dg k/fpF5f} / ltdL hxfFaf6 klg lg:s, cfˆgf] d'v dl:hb–P
x/fd -sfaf_ lt/ kfg"{ .. —d+lhn !÷l;kf/f !÷@ ;"/M cn–as/÷cfot !$$, !$( ..
;dLIfs— s] of] ;fgf] a'Tk/:tL xf] < xf]Og, lsGt' 7"nf] .
k|Zg— xfdL d';ndfgx¿ a'Tk/:tL -d"lt{k"hs_ xf]Ogf}+ lsGt' a'lTzsg -d"lt{gfzs_ cyf{t\
a't\x¿nfO{ k'm6fNg]jfnf xf}+, lsgeg] xfdLn] sfafnfO{ v'bf dfGb}gf}+ .
pQ/— t s] eof] h;nfO{ ltdLn] a'Tk/:t ;DemG5f} pgLx¿ klg To;–To; d"lt{nfO{ O{Zj/
dfGb}gg\ lsGt' To;sf] ;fd'Ì] k/d]Zj/sf] elQm ub{5g\ . olb a't\x¿nfO{ k'm6fpg]jfnf xf} eg] t To;
dl:hb sfaf 7"nf] a't\nfO{ lsg k'm6fn]gf} <
k|Zg— jfx hL Û xfdLnfO{ t sfaflt/ d'v kmsf{pgsf] nflu s'/fgdf x's'd 5 / o;nfO{
j]bdf x's'd 5}g k]ml/ tL a'Tk/:t lsg xf]Ogg\ < / xfdL lsg < lsgeg] xfdLnfO{ v'bfsf] x's'd
ahfpg' cjZo 5 .
pQ/— h;/L ltd|f] nflu s'/fgdf x's'd 5 To;/L g} logLx¿sf] nflu k'/f0fdf cf1f 5 .
h;/L ltdLn] s'/fgnfO{ v'bfsf] snfd ;DemG5f}+ To;/L g} k'/f0fLn] klg k'/f0fx¿nfO{ v'bfsf] cjtf/
Jof;hLsf] jrg ;DemG5g\ . ltdLdf / logLx¿df a'Tk/:tLsf] s]xL klg leÌefj 5}g k|To't ltdL
7"nf a'Tk/:t / oL ;fgf a'Tk/:t x'g\ . lsgeg] ha;Dd sf]O{ dg'io cfˆgf] 3/df k|j]z u/]sf]
la/fnf]nfO{ wkfpg nfUb5 ta;Dddf p;sf] 3/df pFm6 k|lji6 x'ghfG5, To;} u/L g} d'xDdb ;fxan]
;fgf a't\nfO{ d';ndfgsf] dgaf6 t lgsfn] k/Gt' 7"nf] a't\ h'g ls kxf8sf] ;b[z dSsfsf] dl:hb
xf] Tof] ;a} d';ndfgx¿sf] dgdf k|lji6 u/fOlbP, s] of] ;fgf] a'Tk/:tL xf] < xf], h'g xfdLx¿ j}lbs
5f}+ To:t} ltdLx¿ klg j}lbs eof} eg] t a'Tk/:tL cflb g/fd|f sfdaf6 aFRg ;Sb5f}, cGoyf
;Sb}gf} . ltdLn] …ha;Dd cfˆgf] 7"nf] a'Tk/:tLnfO{ lgsfNb}gf} ta;DdÚ bf];|f ;fgf a'Tk/:tx¿sf]
v08gaf6 nlHht eP/ lgj[Q /xg'kb{5 / cfk"mnfO{ a'Tk/:tLb]lv k[ys\ u/]/ kljq ug'{ kb{5 ..#)..
d"n—#!— hlt dfG5]x¿ cNnfxsf] dfu{df dfl/G5g\, pgLx¿nfO{ d[ts geÌ", pgLx¿ hLljt
5g\, k/Gt' ltdLnfO{ 1ft 5}g .. —d+lhn !÷l;kf/f @÷@ ;"/M cn–as/÷cfot !%$ ..
;dLIfs— enf O{Zj/sf] dfu{df dg{ dfg{sf] s] cfjZostf 5 < of] lsg eGb}gf} ls of] s'/f]
cfˆgf] dtna l;4 ug{sf] nflu xf] ls of] nf]e lbof}+ eg] v'a n8\g]5g\, cfˆgf] ljho x'g]5, dg{b]lv
8/fpg] 5}gg\, n'6df/ ugf{n] P]Zjo{ k|fKt x'g]5, kZrft\ ljifofgGb ug]{5f}+ OToflb :jk|of]hgsf] nflu
of] ljk/Lt Jojxf/ u/]sf] xf] ..#!..
d"n—#@— log dfG5]x¿dfly dflns -/a_ lt/af6 bof / b?b 5 / log}n] dfu{ kfpg]5g\ ..
—d+lhn !÷l;kf/f @÷@ ;"/M cn–as/÷cfot !%& ..
;dLIfs— ca x]g'{xf];\ Û of] sfd klg Ps k|sf/af6 a'Tk/:tL g} xf] . enf Û d'bf{x¿dfly
cfotx¿ k9\gfn] s] x'G5 < lsgeg] To;sf] hLjfTdf t klxNo} lg:s]/ u};Sof], k'gM kf7 s;n]
;'Gb5 < o;}n] of] Joy{ sd{ xf] . OToflbaf6 of] O{Zj/s[t jf ljåTs[t klg xf]Og ..#@..
d"n—##— h;n] n'sfpF5g\ To;nfO{ h'g ls d}n] k|df0f / lzIffaf6 ptf/]sf] 5' . To;sf]
aLrdf h] 5 Tof] ;a} cNnfxsf] nflu lws\ lbg]x¿sf nflu lwSsf/ 5, k/Gt' h;n] tf}af
-Ifdfofrgf_ / enfO u¥of], ltgLx¿dfly k]ml/ bof ub{5' / ug]{5' . hf] dfG5]x¿ sflkm/ eP / d/], /
sflkm/ g} /x], tL dfly v'bf / kml/Ztfx¿ / ;a} dfG5]x¿dfly lwSsf/ 5 . ;b}j To;}df /xg]5g\ .
ltgLx¿sf] kfk 36fOFg] 5}g, g t Ifdf g} ul/g]5 . ltd|f] Pp6} dflns 5 c¿ sf]O{ 5}g . Tof] Ifdf
ug]{jfnf / bofn' 5 .. —d+lhn !÷l;kf/f @÷@ ;"/M cn–as/÷cfot !%(, !^) ..

of] jfSo cfzLjf{df ln+b}gg\ . o;sf] k|rf/ d';ndfgx¿df g} 5 . sa/ -lrxfg_
jf;Lx¿dfly k9\b5g\ b?b / kmftM ..
 ;dLIfs— of] s'/f] h'g ls klxnf k}uDa/x¿sf] ;fd'Ì] h:tf] ls Oa|fxLd ;fx]asf] ;fd'Ì]
vtgf cflbsf] lgod afFw]sf lyP, To;nfO{ h;n] ub}{gy] / dSsf zx/df ;kmf / d'/Aaf b'O{ kxf8
5g\, c/asf dfG5]x¿ Oa|fxLdsf] ;dob]lv g} ;b}j xh ub{y], k/Gt' d';ndfgx¿n] s'g} sf/0fn]
5f]l8lbPsf lyP, ltgLx¿dfly of] cfot ptf/], pg}nfO{ lwSsf/ lbOG5 / hf] d';ndfg tf}af ub{5
ta dfkm x'G5, k/Gt' hf] sflkm/ cyf{t\ u}/ d'l:nd 5g\, ltgLx¿dfly v'bf a8f] ltQmtf ub{5 .
enf Û o:tf] s'/f v'bfsf] x'g ;Sb5 < / hf] kIfkftL 5 Tof] slxNo} O{Zj/ x'g ;Sb}g . s]
d';ndfgdfly Ifdf ug]{jfnf bofn' xf], cGodfly bofstf{nfO{ bofxLg eÌ] < o;}n] g of] O{Zj/s[t
k':ts / g o;df elgPsf] O{Zj/ x'g ;Sb5 ..##..
d"n—#$— / of] xf] ls cNnfx s7f]/ b08 lbg]jfnf xf] .. z}tfgsf] kIf gn]n lgZro Tof]
ltd|f] zq' xf] .. To;sf] lagf c¿ sf]xL x'Fb}g h;n] b'isd{ / lgn{Hhtfsf] cfb]z lbG5, ltdLn] eg
cNnfxsf] af/]df To:tf] s'/f u/ .. —d+lhn !÷l;kf/f @÷@ ;"/M cn–as/÷cfot !^%, !^*, !^( ..
;dLIfs— s] s7f]/ b'Mv lbg]jfnf bofn' v'bf ;a} kfkLx¿ / k'0ofTdfx¿sf] dfly 5 cyjf
d';ndfgx¿dfly bofn' / cGodfly bofxLg xf] < olb o:t} xf] eg] t Tof] O{Zj/ x'g ;Sb}g . /
kIfkftL 5}g eg] t hf] dg'io hxfF sxL+ wd{ ug]{5 To;dfly O{Zj/ bofn' / h;n] cwd{ ub{5
To;dfly b08bftf x'G5 eg] t k]ml/ aLrdf d'xDdb ;fx]a / s'/fgnfO{ dfÌ cfjZos /x]g . / h'g
;a}nfO{ b'i6 u/fpg]jfnf dg'iodfqsf] zq' z}tfg xf] To;nfO{ v'bfn] pTkÌ g} lsg u¥of] < s] To;n]
eljiot\sf] s'/f] hfGb}gYof] < olb eGb5f} ls hfGbYof] k/Gt' k/LIffsf] nflu agfof] t/ klg aÌ
;Sb}g, lsgeg] k/LIff ug'{ cNk1sf] sfd xf], ;j{1 t ;a} hLjx¿sf] /fd|f g/fd|f sd{x¿nfO{
;bfb]lv 7Ls–7Ls hfGb5 . / z}tfgn] ;a}nfO{ e|ddf kfb{5 eg] t z}tfgnfO{ s;n] e|ddf kfb{5 <
olb egf}nf ls z}tfg cfk}m e|ddf kb{5 ta cGo klg cfk}m e|ddf kb{5g\, aLrdf z}tfgsf] s]
sfd < / olb v'bfn] g} z}tfgnfO{ axsfPsf] xf] eg] t v'bf z}tfgsf] klg z}tfg 7xl/g]5 . o:tf]
s'/f] O{Zj/sf] x'g ;Sb}g . / hf] sf]xL axlsG5 Tof] s';Ë tyf cljBfaf6 e|ldt x'G5 ..#$..
d"n—#%— p;n] t ltdLdfly s]jn d'bf{/, /ut, ;'Fu'/sf] df;' / h;dfly cNnfxsf] cltl/Qm
s'g} c¿sf] gfd lnOPsf] xf];\, x/fd 7x/fPsf] 5 ..
—d+lhn !÷l;kf/f @÷@ ;"/M cn–as/÷cfot !&# ..
;dLIfs— oxfF ljrf/ ug'{kb{5 ls d'bf{ rfx] cfk}m d/f];\ jf s;}n] dfg{af6, b'O6} a/fa/ x'g\ .
xf], logdf s]xL e]b klg 5 tyflk d[tskgdf s]xL e]b 5}g . hxfF /ut x/fd 5 eg] t d/]k5fl8
z/L/df g} /ut hd]/ df;' aGb5, k]ml/ df;' vfg' d';ndfgx¿sf] nflu ;j{yf x/fd eof] / ha
Pp6f ;'Fu'/sf] lgif]w ul/of] eg] t s] dg'iosf] df;' vfg plrt x'G5 < s] of] s'/f /fd|f] x'g ;Sb5
ls k/d]Zj/sf] gfddf kz' cflbnfO{ cToGt bf?0f b'Mv lbP/ k|f0fxTof ug'{ < o;af6 O{Zj/sf] gfd
snlÍt x'g hfG5 . xf] O{Zj/n] lagf k"j{hGdsf] ck/fwsf] d';ndfgx¿sf] xftaf6 bf?0f b'Mv lsg
u/fof] < s] ltgLx¿dfly bofn' 5}g < pgLx¿nfO{ k'qjt\ dfGb}g < h'g j:t'af6 clws pksf/ x'G5
tL ufO{ cflbnfO{ dfg{sf] lgif]w gug'{ hfg ls xTof u/fP/ v'bf hut\sf] xflgsf/s, lx+;f¿k kfkaf6
snlÍt klg x'g hfG5 . o:tf s'/fx¿ v'bf / v'bfsf] k':tsdf slxNo} klg x'g ;Sb}g ..#%..
d"n—#^— ltd|f] nflu /f]hfsf] /ftdf cfˆgf kTgLx¿;Fu hfg j}w -xnfn_ ul/Psf]5 . tL
ltd|f nflu kbf{ x'g\ / ltdL pgsf kbf{ xf} . cNnfxn] hfGof] ls ltdL cfk}mn] cfk"m;Fu 5n–sk6
ul//x]sf lyof} ta p;n] ltdLdfly s[kf u¥of] / ltdLnfO{ Ifdf ul/lbof] . ca ltdL pgLx¿l;t
ldn / dbgf]T;j u/ cNnfxn] ltd|f] nflu n]lvlbof] . vfg–kfg u/ oxfF;Dd ls laxfgsf] ld/ld/]
pHofnf] :ki6 5'l§of];\, k]ml/ k"/f ug'{ /f]hf /ft;Dd . / ha ltdL dl:hbdf Pt]sfkmdf x'G5f} eg] t
kTgLx¿;Fu ;Def]u gug"{ . of] cNnfxn] agfPsf] ;Ldf xf] To;nfO{ ltdLn] pNn‹g gu/ . o;/L
cNnfx cfˆgf] lgzfgLx¿ dfG5]x¿sf nflu aofg ub{5 tfls ltgLx¿ ar"g\ ..
—d+lhn !÷l;kf/f @÷@ ;"/M cn–as/÷cfot !*& ..
;dLIfs— oxfF of] lglZrt x'G5 ls ha d';ndfgx¿sf] dt rNof] jf To;sf] klxnf s;}n]
kf}/fl0fs;Fu ;f]Wof] xf]nf ls rfGb|fo0f j|t h'g ls Ps dlxgfe/L x'G5 To;sf] ljlw s] xf] < Tof]
zf:qljlw h'g ls rGb|sf] snf 36\a9sf] cg';f/ u|f;x¿nfO{ a9fpg] / lbgsf] dWofÂdf vfg
n]lvPsf] 5 To;nfO{ ghfg]/ eGof] xf]nf ls rGb|dfsf] bz{g u/]/ vfg' . To;}nfO{ oL d';ndfgx¿n]
o; k|sf/;Fu dfÌ yfn] . k/Gt' j|tdf :qL;dfudsf] Tofu 5 Tof] Pp6f s'/f v'bfn] ylklbof] ls
ltdL :qL;Fu klg ;dfud u/ / /ftdf dHhfl;t vfg' klg . enf of] j|t stf eof] < lbgdf gvfg]
/ftdf vfFb}/fVg], of] ;[li6qmdb]lv ljk/Lt 5 ls lbgdf gvfg]+ /ftdf vfg]+ ..#^..
d"n—#&— cNnfxsf] dfu{df tL dfG5]x¿;Fu n8 hf] ltdL;Fu n8\b5g\ .. dfl/b]cf]
ltgLx¿nfO{ h'g 7fpFdf kfpF5f} / lgsflnlbg' ToxfFaf6 hxfFaf6 ltdLnfO{ ltgLx¿n] lgsfn], stn
eGbf s'k|m -pkb|j_ g/fd|f] xf] .. olb ltgLx¿n] o'4 5]8]df t ltgLx¿sf] stn -jw_ ul/lbg', oxL
b08 xf] cj1fsf/Lx¿sf] nflu .. —d+lhn !÷l;kf/f @÷@ ;"/M cn–as/÷cfot !()–!(# ..
;dLIfs— olb s'/fgdf o:tf] s'/f x'Fb}gYof] eg] t d';ndfgx¿ olt 7"nf] ck/fw h'g ls
cGo dtjfnfx¿dfly ug]{ ub{5g\, / lagf ck/fwLx¿nfO{ dfg'{ tL dfly a8f] kfk x'G5 . h;n]
d';ndfgsf] dtnfO{ u|x0f ub}{g, To;nfO{ s'k|m -pkb|jL_ eGb5g\ cyf{t\ s'k|m eGbf stn -xTof_ nfO{
d';ndfgx¿n] /fd|f] dfGb5g\ cyf{t\ h;n] xfd|f] bLg -dt_ nfO{ dfGb}g stn ug]{5f}+ ;f] ub}{ cfPsf
5g\ . dhxasf] nflu n8\b}–n8\b} cfk}m g} /fHo cflbaf6 gi6 x'g uP / logLx¿sf] dg cGo
dtjfnfx¿dfly clt s7f]/ /xG5 . s] rf]/Lsf] abnf rf]/L xf] < ls hlt xfd|f] ck/fw rf]/ cflbn]
ub{5g\ s] xfdLn] klg rf]/L ug]{ < of] ;j{yf cGofosf] s'/f xf] . s] sf]O{ c1fgLn] xfdLnfO{ ufnL lbof]
eg] p;nfO{ klg xfdLn] ufnL lbg] < of] s'/f g O{Zj/, g O{Zj/sf] eQm ljåfg\sf] g t O{Zj/f]Qm
k':tssf] g} x'g ;Sb5 . of] t s]jn :jfyL{ c1fgL dg'iosf] xf] ..#&..
d"n—#*— cNnfx emu8fn'nfO{ ldq agfpFb}g .. P dg'iox¿ xf] Û h;n] O{dfg NofPsf5f}, ;a}
O:nfddf k|lji6 u/ / z}tfgsf] kb–lrÂdfly glx+8\g', Tof] ltd|f] k|ToIf zq' xf] ..
—d+lhn !÷l;kf/f @÷@ ;"/M cn–as/÷cfot @)$, @)* ..
;dLIfs— olb emu8fn'nfO{ v'bfn] ldq ;Demb}g eg] t lsg cfk}m d';ndfgnfO{ emu8f
ug{sf] nflu k|]/0ff ub{5 < / emu8fn' d';ndfgx¿b]lv ldqtf lsg ub{5 < s] d';ndfgsf] dtdf
ldNg hfFbfd} v'bf /fhL x'G5 < To;f] eP t d';ndfgx¿sf] g} kIfkftL eof] ;a} ;+;f/sf] xf]Og .
o;af6 oxfF ljlbt x'G5 ls g s'/fg O{Zj/s[t g t o;df elgPsf] O{Zj/ klg x'g ;Sb}g ..#*..
d"n—#(— v'bf h;nfO{ rfxG5 cgGt cfgGb lbG5 ..
—d+lhn !÷l;kf/f @÷@ ;"/M cn–as/÷cfot @!@ ..
;dLIfs— s] lagf kfk k'0osf] v'bfn] o:t} cfgGb lbG5 < k]ml/ ;'sd{–b'isd{ ug'{ Psh:t}
eof], lsgeg] ;'v–b'Mv k|fKt x'g' p;sf] OR5fdf e/ kb{5 . To;}n] wd{b]lv ljd'v eP/ d';ndfgx¿
oy]i6frf/ ub{5g\ . / sf]O{–sf]O{ o; s'/fgf]Qmdfly ljZjf; gu/]/ wdf{Tdf klg x'G5g\ ..#(..
d"n—$)— k|Zg ub5'{ ltdL;Fu /h:jnfnfO{ elGbg' Tof] ckljq xf], k[ys\ /xg' Ct';dodf
pgsf] ;dLkdf ghfg' ha;Dd pgLx¿ kljq x'Fb}gg\, ha g'xfpF5g\ ta pgLx¿sf ;dLkdf hfg'
v'bfn] cf1f lbof] .. ltd|f >LdtLx¿ ltd|f nflu v]tL x'g\, h;/L rfxG5f} To;/L g} hfpm ltd|f]
v]tdf .. olQs}df d'vaf6 lgSn]sf a]sf/sf zky tf]8\gdf kqFmb}g ltdLnfO{ cNnfxn] ..
—d+lhn !÷l;kf/f @÷@ ;"/M cn–as/÷cfot @@@, @@# ..
;dLIfs— h'g of] /h:jnfsf] ;Ë gug'{ n]lvPsf] 5 Tof] /fd|f] s'/f xf] . k/Gt' h'g :qLx¿nfO{
v]tLsf] t'No n]Vg' / h;/L rfxG5f} To;/L aQ{g', of] ljifoL / k'+l; d}y'gsf] klg sf/0f x'g ;Sb5 .
ha v'bfn] a]sf/sf zkynfO{ ;dfpFb}g eg] t ;a}n] e'm6f] af]Ng]5g\ / zky tf]8\g]5g\ . o;af6 v'bf
e'm6sf] k|jt{s x'g]5 ..$)..
d"n—$!— Tof] s'g dg'io xf] h;n] cNnfxnfO{ C0f b]cf];\ ls cNnfxn] To;nfO{ a9fP/
To;sf] sof}+ u'0ff ul/lbG5 . —d+lhn !÷l;kf/f @÷@ ;"/M cn–as/÷cfot @$% ..
;dLIfs— ca x]g'{xf];\ of] s'/fg agfpg] jf agfpg nufpg]jfnfsf] dtnal;Gw'sf] s'/f] Û ls
O{Zj/sf] gfdaf6 dfG5]x¿sf] wg 7u]/ :jk|of]hg l;4 ug{ rfxG5 . s] O{Zj/n] p;nfO{ wg lbg
;Sb}gYof] < s] To;sf] vhfgf l/lQof] < tyf s] Tof] x'08L krL{ Jofkf/flbdf dUg x'gfn] 6f6 klN6of]
/ pwf/ lng yfNof] < clg Pssf] ;f6f]df sof}+ u'0ff lbgnfO{ :jLsf/ ub{5, s] of] ;fx"sf/x¿sf]

o;} cfotsf] efiodf tkm;L/ x';}gLdf n]lvPsf] 5 ls Ps dg'io d'xDdb ;fx]asxfF cfof] . p;n] eGof]
ls P] /;"nNnfx v'bfn] lsg pwf/ dfUb5 < pgn] pQ/ lbP ls ltdLnfO{ hÌtdf n}hfgsf] nflu . p;n] eGof] ls
tkfO{+n] hdfgt lng'xf];\, ta d}n] lbG5' . d'xDdb ;fx]an] To;sf] hdfgt lnP . v'bfsf] ljZjf; ePg, p;sf]
b"tsf] ljZjf; eof] . enf v'bfn] pwf/ lngdf s] k|of]hg < h;n] ;f/f ;+;f/nfO{ agfof], To;n] dg'io;Fu pwf/
dfUb5 < sbflk xf]Og . o:tf] t ga'lemsg klg eÌ ;lsG5 .
sfd xf] < lsGt' o:tf] sfd t 6f6 kN6]sf jf h;sf] vr{ clws / cfo Go"g x'g]x¿nfO{ ug{ kb{5,
O{Zj/nfO{ xf]Og ..$!..
d"n—$@— tL dWo]df s;}n] t Odfg NofP / tL dWo]df sltn] t OGsf/ u/] . olb cNnfxn]
rfxGYof] eg] t k/:k/ n8\g] lyPgg\, k/Gt' cNnfxn] h] rfxG5 ToxL ub{5 ..
—d+lhn !÷l;kf/f #÷@ ;"/M cn–as/÷cfot @%# ..
;dLIfs— hlt n8fO{+ x'G5 Tof] s] ;a} O{Zj/sf] OR5faf6 xf] < s] p;n] cwd{ ug{ rfXof] eg]
t ug{ ;Sb5 < olb o:t} s'/f xf] eg] t Tof] v'bf g} xf]Og, lsgeg] en] dg'iosf] of] sd{ xf]Og ls
zflGteË u/]/ n8fO{+ u/fcf];\ . o;}af6 ljlbt x'G5 ls of] s'/fg g O{Zj/n] agfPsf], g t s'g}
wfld{s ljåfg\af6 /lrt xf] ..$@..
d"n—$#— hlt klg cfsfz / k[YjLdf kbfy{x¿ 5g\ Tof] ;a} p;}sf] nflu xf], rfx] p;sf]
s';L{leq cfsfz / k[YjL g} ;d]l6Psf] lsg gxf];\ ..
—d+lhn !÷l;kf/f #÷@ ;"/M cn–as/÷cfot @%% ..
;dLIfs— hlt klg cfsfz / e"lddf kbfy{x¿ 5g\, tL ;a} hLjx¿sf nflu k/dfTdfn]
pTkÌ u/]sf] xf], cfˆgf] nflu xf]Og . lsgeg] pm k"0f{sfd 5, p;nfO{ s'g} kbfy{sf] ck]Iff 5}g . ha
To;sf] s';L{ 5 eg] t Tof] Psb]zL xf] . hf] Psb]zL x'G5, Tof] O{Zj/ x'Fb}g, lsgeg] O{Zj/ t Jofks
x'G5 ..$#..
d"n—$$— Oa|fxLdn] eGof] ls cNnfxn] ;"o{nfO{ k"j{af6 lgsfNb5, t}+n] p;nfO{ klZrdaf6
lgsflnb] . ta Tof] sflkm/ -cj1fsf/L_ :tAw /Xof] / cNnfxn] cTofrf/Lx¿nfO{ dfu{ b]vfpFb}g ..
—d+lhn !÷l;kf/f #÷@ ;"/M cn–as/÷cfot @%* ..
;dLIfs— x]g'{xf];\ of] cljBfsf] s'/f Û enf ;"o{ g k"j{b]lv klZrd g t klZrdaf6 k"j{ g}
cfpg]–hfg] ub{5, Tof] t cfˆgf] kl/lwdf g} 3'Db5 . o;af6 lglZrt hfÌ ;lsG5 ls s'/fgsf]
stf{nfO{ vuf]n / e"uf]n ljBf cfpFb}gYof] . ha kfkLx¿nfO{ dfu{ atfpFb}g eg] t k'0ofTdfx¿sf]
nflu klg d';ndfx¿sf] v'bfsf] cfjZostf 5}g, lsgeg] wdf{Tdf t wd{ dfu{df g} x'G5g\, dfu{ t
wd{af6 e'n]sfx¿sf] nflu atfpg] xf] . ;f] st{JonfO{ gugf{n] s'/fgsf] stf{sf] a8f] e'n 5 ..$%..
d"n—$%— v'bfn] eGof] rf/ kIfL n]n, ltgsf] lrgf/L /fv\ clg ltgnfO{ cfk}mdf cfk;df
ldnfOb] k]ml/ tL dWo]df x/ PsnfO{ cnu–cnu kxf8df /flvb], k]ml/ ltgnfO{ k'sfg'{, tL bf}8Fb} t]/f]
glhs cfpg]5g\ .. —d+lhn !÷l;kf/f #÷@ ;"/M cn–as/÷cfot @^) ..
;dLIfs— jfx–jfx x]g'{xf];\ hL Û d';ndfgx¿sf] v'bfn] efgdtLsf] h:tf] v]n ul//x]sf] 5 Û
s] o:t} s'/fx¿af6 v'bfsf] v'bfO xf] < ta g} a'l4dfgLx¿n] o:tf v'bfnfO{ ltnf~hln lbP/ b"/
/xg]5g\ / d"v{x¿ km:g]5g\, To;}n] v'bfsf] a8fOsf] abnfdf a'/fO To;sf] kf]N6fdf kg]{5 ..$%..
d"n—$^— h;nfO{ rfxG5 gLlt lbG5, ..
—d+lhn !÷l;kf/f #÷@ ;"/M cn–as/÷cfot @^( ..
;dLIfs— h;nfO{ rfxG5 p;nfO{ gLlt lbG5 eg] t h;nfO{ rfxFb}g To;nfO{ cgLlt lbG5
xf]nf < of] s'/f] O{Zj/tfsf] xf]Og . lsGt' h;n] kIfkftnfO{ 5f]8]/ ;a}nfO{ gLltsf] pkb]z ub{5, jxL
O{Zj/ / cfKt x'g ;Sb5, cGo xf]Og ..$^..
d"n—$&— h;n] Jofh vfG5g\ tL sofdtsf] lbg lrxfgaf6 p7\g] 5}gg\ ..
—d+lhn !÷l;kf/f #÷@ ;"/M cn–as/÷cfot @&% ..
;dLIfs— s] logLx¿ lrxfg -sa/_ d} /lx/xg]5g\ < olb /x]df t slxn];Dd /xG5g\ < o:tf]
c;Dej s'/f] O{Zj/sf] t x'g} ;Sb}g, lsGt' afna'l4x¿sf] t x'g ;Sb5 ..$&..
d"n—$*— p;n] h;nfO{ rfxG5, Ifdf ug]{5, h;nfO{ rfxG5 kfkL agfpg]5, lsgeg] pm
;a} j:t'dfly anjfg\ 5 .. —d+lhn !÷l;kf/f #÷@ ;"/M cn–as/÷cfot @*$ ..
;dLIfs— s] Ifdfsf of]UonfO{ Ifdf gug]{, cof]Uodfly Ifdf ug]{ s'/f uj/u08 /fhfsf] t'No
of] sd{ xf]Og < olb O{Zj/n] h;nfO{ rfxG5 kfkL jf k'0ofTdf agfpFYof] eg] t hLjnfO{ kfk k'0o
gnfUg'kg]{ xf], lsgeg] ha O{Zj/n] g} p;nfO{ o:tf] u¥of] eg] t hLjnfO{ ;'v–b'Mv gx'g'kg]{ xf] .
h:t} ;]gfkltsf] cf1fn] s'g} ;]jsn] s;}nfO{ df¥of] jf /Iff u¥of] To;sf] kmnefuL Tof] x'Fb}g lsGt'
To;sf] ;]gfklt x'G5, To;/L g} pgLx¿ klg x'Fb}gg\ ..$*..
 d"n—$(— s] ltdLnfO{ eg"F o; eGbf klg al9of rLh, tL dfG5]x¿sf] nflu hf] wd{k/fo0ftf
ckgfpF5g\, pgLx¿sf nflu v'bf;Fu :ju{–au}+rf 5, h;sf] tn gx/ alu/x]sf] 5, jxfF kfs–;fkm
hf]8L cyf{t\ z'4 uf]/L–uf]/L kTgLx¿ cNnfxsf] k|;Ìtfn] k|fKt x'g]5g\, / cNnfxsf] gh/df ;a} hgf
/xg]5g\ .. —d+lhn !÷l;kf/f #÷# ;"/M cn–P Od/fg÷cfot !$ ..
;dLIfs— enf of] :ju{ xf] ls j]Zofjg < o;nfO{ O{Zj/ eÌ' jf :q}0f cyf{t\ :qLx¿df
k|;Qm < s'g} klg a'l4dfgLn] o:tf s'/f h;df 5g\ To;nfO{ k/d]Zj/n] agfPsf] k':ts slxNo} dfÌ
;Sb}gg\ . of] kIfkft lsg ub{5 < hf] kTgLx¿ au}+rfdf ;bf /xG5g\, tL oxfF hlGdP/ kl5 jxfF
uPsf x'g\ ls jxL+ pTkÌ ePsf x'g\ . olb oxfF hlGdP/ kl5 jxfF uPsf x'g\ eg] t sofdtsf]
/fteGbf klxnf g} jxfF kTgLx¿ af]nfOof] / pgsf rlxtfx¿nfO{ lsg af]nfOPg < / sofdtsf]
/ftdf ;a}sf] Gofo x'g]5 o; lgodnfO{ lsg tf]l8of] < olb jxL+ hGd]sf x'g\ eg] sofdtsf]
;do;Dd s;/L lgjf{x ub{5g\ < olb kl/Ztfx¿;Fu lgjf{x ub{5g\ eg] t oxfFaf6 hÌtdf hfg]jfn]
d';ndfgx¿sf nflu v'bfn] kTgLx¿ sxfFaf6 lbG5 < s] Iftof]lg ePsf g} pg}nfO{ lbG5 < / h;/L
kTgLx¿ au}+rfdf ;bf /xg]jfnL agfof] To;/L g} k'?ifx¿nfO{ ToxfF ;bf /xg]jfnf lsg agfPg <
o;}n] d';ndfgx¿sf] v'bf cGofosf/L, a];dem 5 ..$(..
d"n—%)— lgZro cNnfxlt/af6 bLg -wd{_ t O:nfd g} xf] c¿ xf]Og ..
—d+lhn !÷l;kf/f #÷# ;"/M cn–P Od/fg÷cfot !( ..
;dLIfs— s] cNnfx d';ndfg dfq}sf] xf] cGosf] xf]Og < s] t]x| ;o jif{x¿sf] k"j{ O{Zj/Lo
dt ly+b} lyPg < o;}af6 l;4 x'G5 ls s'/fg O{Zj/n] agfPsf] xf]Og lsGt' s'g} kIfkftLn] agfPsf]
xf] ..%)..
d"n—%!— k|To]s hLjnfO{ k"/f lbOg]5 h]–hlt To;n] sdfPsf] 5 / To;nfO{ cGofo
ul/g]5}g .. t}+n] eg\ ls x] cNnfx tF g} ;fd|fHosf] dflns xf];\, h;nfO{ rfGx5;\ lbG5;\ h;nfO{
rfxFb}g;\ lb+b}g;\, rfx]sf]nfO{ k|lti7f lbG5;\ grfx]sf]nfO{ ckdflgt ub{5;\, ;a}yf]s t]/} xftdf 5,
k|To]s j:t'dfly tF g} anjfg\ 5;\ .. t}+n] /ftnfO{ lbgdf k|j]z u/fpFb5;\ / lbgnfO{ /ftdf k|j]z
u/fpFb5;\, hLljtnfO{ d[ts / d[tsnfO{ hLljt kf/]/ lgsfNb5;\ / h;nfO{ rfxG5;\ cToGt cÌ
lbG5;\ .. d';ndfgx¿nfO{ of] plrt 5 ls sflkm/x¿nfO{ ldq gagfpg" l;jfo d';ndfgx¿sf], h'g
JolQmn] o:tf] ub{5 eg] t cNnfxsf] To;;Fu s'g} ;DaGw x'g]5}g .. olb hf] s;}n] o:tf] ub{5 eg] t
Tof] cNnfxlt/af6 xf]Og .. eg ls ltdLn] rfxG5f} cNnfxnfO{, d]/f] dtdf nfu, cNnfxn] ltdLnfO{
rfxg]5 / ltd|f] kfknfO{ Ifdf ug]{5, v'bf lgZro s?0ffdo 5 ..
—d+lhn !÷l;kf/f #÷# ;"/M cn–P Od/fg÷cfot @%–#) ..
;dLIfs— ha k|To]s hLjnfO{ sd{x¿sf] k"/f–k"/f kmn lbOg]5 eg] t Ifdf ul/g]5}g, / olb
Ifdf ul/of] eg] t k"/f kmn lbg ldNb}g / cGofo x'g]5 . ha lagf pQd sd{sf] g} /fHo k|lti7f
lbG5 eg] tfklg O{Zj/ cGofoL x'g hfg]5 / lagf kfksf] /fHo / k|lti7f l5g]/ lnPdf klg
cGofosf/L x'g hfg]5 . enf Û /ftdf lbg / lbgdf /ft tyf hLljtaf6 d[ts / d[tsaf6 hLljt
slxNo} x'g ;Sb5 < lsgeg] O{Zj/sf] Joj:yf c5]B ce]B 5, slxNo} cbn–abn x'g ;Sb}g . ca
x]g'{xf];\ Û kIfkftsf s'/fx¿ Û hf] ls d';ndfgsf] dhxadf 5}g To;nfO{ sflkm/ 7x¥ofpg', c¿sf
>]i7x¿l;t klg ldqtf g/fVg] / d';ndfgx¿df b'i6x¿;Fu klg ldqtf /fVgsf] nflu pkb]z ug'{
O{Zj/sf] O{Zj/tfb]lv alxM ul/lbG5 . To;}n] of] s'/fg, s'/fgsf] v'bf / d';ndfgx¿ s]jn kIfkft
cljBfn] el/Psf 5g\ . To;}n] d';ndfgx¿ cFWof/f]df 5g Û / x]g'{xf];\ d'xDdb ;fx]asf] nLnf Û olb
ltdLn] d]/f] kIf lnof} eg] t ltd|f] kIf v'bfn] lng]5 . olb ltdLn] kIfkft¿k kfk u¥of} eg] tfklg
To;sf] klg Ifdf ul/lbg]5 . o;af6 l;4 x'G5 ls d'xDdb ;fx]asf] cGtMs/0f z'4 lyPg . o;}n]
dtna l;4 ug{sf] nflu d'xDdb ;fx]an] s'/fg agfP jf agfpg nufP o:tf] ljlbt x'G5 ..%!..
d"n—%@— ha kml/Ztfx¿n] eg], P] dl/od Û cNnfxn] tFnfO{ /f]Hof] / tFnfO{ kljqtf k|bfg
u¥of], k]ml/ tFnfO{ ;+;f/sf :qLx¿sf] t'ngfdf r'Gof] ..
—d+lhn !÷l;kf/f #÷# ;"/M cn–P Od/fg÷cfot $@ ..
;dLIfs— enf Û ha cfhef]ln v'bfsf kml/Ztf / v'bf s;};Fu s'/f ug{sf] nflu cfpFb}gg\
eg] t k|yddf klg cfPgg\ xf]nf . olb egf}nf ls klxnfsf dg'iox¿ k'0ofTdf x'Gy] clxn]sf 5}gg\,
ta of] s'/f ldYof xf] . lsGt' h'g ;dodf O{;fO{ / d';ndfgx¿sf] dt rn]sf] lyof], To; ;do tL
b]zx¿df hËnL / ljBfxLg dg'io clws lyP, To;}n] o:tf ljBflj?4 dt rNgk'Uof] . clxn] ljåfg\
clws 5g\ o;}n] rNb}g . lsGt' h'g–h'g o:tf kf]sn dhxa 5g\, tL klg c:t x'Fb} hfG5g\, j[l4sf]
syfg} s] 5 Û ..%@..
d"n—%#— ha p;n] s'g} sfdsf] lg0f{o lnG5 ta eGb5 ls æeOhfÆ, clg Tof] x'g hfG5 ..
sflkm/x¿n] wf]sf lbP, O{Zj/n] wf]sf lbof], O{Zj/ a8f] tf]8 ug]{jfnf 5 ..
—d+lhn !÷l;kf/f #÷# ;"/M cn–P Od/fg÷cfot $&, %$ ..
;dLIfs— ha d';ndfgx¿ v'bfsf] l;jfo bf];|f] rLhnfO{ dfGb}gg\ eg] t v'bfn] sf];Fu
eGof] < / p;n] eGbfdf sf] aGof] < o;sf] pQ/ d';ndfgx¿n] ;ft hGddf klg lbg ;Sb}gg\,
lsgeg] lagf pkfbfg sf/0fsf] sfo{ slxNo} x'g ;Sb}g . lagf sf/0fsf] sfo{ eÌ' hfÌ' ls cfˆgf
cfdf–afpsf] lagf d]/f] z/L/ aGof] o:tf] s'/f xf] . h;n] wf]sf vfG5 clg 5n / bDe ub{5 eg] Tof]
O{Zj/ t slxNo} x'g ;Sb}g lsGt' pQd dg'ion] klg o:tf] sfd ug{ ;Sb}g ..%#..
d"n—%$— gd/ k/Gt' d';ndfg ag .. s] ltdLnfO{ of] oy]i6 x'g]5}g ls cNnfxn] ltdLnfO{
tLg xhf/ kml/Ztf ptf/]/ ;xfotf ug]{5 ..
—d+lhn !÷l;kf/f $÷# ;"/M cn–P Od/fg÷cfot !)@, !@$ ..
;dLIfs— o;af6 of] l;4 x'G5 ls d';ndfg ag]gf} eg] t, xfdLn] ltdLnfO{ dfg]{5f}+ . of]
syg s]jn cwd{sf] s'/f xf] . olb d';ndfgx¿nfO{ tLg xhf/ kml/Ztfx¿sf] ;fydf ;xfotf ldNYof]
eg] t clxn] d';ndfgx¿sf] afbzfxL w]/} gi6 eP/ uof] / x'Fb}5g\ klg, lsg ;xfotf ub}{g < o;}n]
of] s]jn nf]e lbP/ d"v{x¿nfO{ km;fpg] dxf cGofosf] s'/f xf] ..%$..
d"n—%%— / sflkm/ x¿dfly lhTgsf] nflu xfdLnfO{ ;xfotf u/ .. cNnfx ltd|f] ;+/Ifs /
;a} eGbf c;n ;xfos xf] .. olb ltdL cNnfxsf] dfu{df dfl/of} jf d¥of} eg] t, cNnfxsf] Ifdfbfg
/ p;sf] bofn'tf t To; eGbf pQd x'G5 ..
—d+lhn !÷l;kf/f $÷# ;"/M cn–P Od/fg÷cfot !$&, !%), !%& ..
;dLIfs— x]g'{xf];\ d';ndfgx¿sf] d'v{tf Û ls hf] cfˆgf] dtb]lv leÌ 5g\ pgnfO{ dfg{sf]
nflu v'bfsf] k|fy{gf ub{5g\ . s] k/d]Zj/ ef]nf xf] hf] logsf s'/f ;'gf];\ < olb d';ndfgx¿sf]
;+/Ifs cNnfx g} xf] eg] t k]ml/ d';ndfgx¿sf] sfo{ gi6 lsg x'G5g\ < / v'bf klg d';ndfgx¿sf]
;fy df]xdf km;]sf] b]lvG5 . olb o:t} kIfkftL v'bf xf] eg] t wdf{Tdf k'?ifx¿sf] pkf;gLo slxNo}
x'g ;Sb}g ..%%..
d"n—%^— of] n8fO{+ o;sf] nflu xf] ls cNnfxn] ltd|f] k/LIff n]cf];\ ..
—d+lhn !÷l;kf/f $÷# ;"/M cn–P Od/fg÷cfot !^^ ..
;dLIfs— olb n8fO{+sf] lagf k/LIff ug{ ;Sb}g eg] t Tof] ;j{1 xf]Og . o;af6 Tof] O{Zj/
s;/L x'g ;Sb5 ..%^..
d"n—%&— / cNnfx ltdLnfO{ ;j{1 u/fpFb}g lsGt' cfˆgf k}uDa/x¿b]lv h;nfO{ rfxG5 dg
k/fpFb5, clg t cNnfx / p;sf /;"n -;Gb]i6f_ sf ;fy O{dfg Nofcf] ..
—d+lhn !÷l;kf/f $÷# ;"/M cn–P Od/fg÷cfot !&( ..
;dLIfs— s] s'g} k}uDa/nfO{ v'bfn] cfk"m ;b[z ug{ ;Sb5 < olb ug{ ;Sb5 eg] t bf];|f]
v'bf z/Lsv'bf eof] . olb ug{ ;Sb}g eg] t o; cfotsf] e'm6 x'gfn] v'bfn] e'm6 af]Nof] . h;sf]
s'/f] e'm6f] x'G5, Tof] :jo+ e'm6f] eof] . ha d';ndfgx¿ l;jfo v'bfsf] g s;};Fu O{dfg NofpF5g\, g
s;}nfO{ v'bfsf] ;fIfL dfGb5g\ eg] t O{dfgdf v'bfsf] ;fy k}uDa/ ;fx]anfO{ z/Ls lsg u¥of] <
cNnfxn] k}uDa/sf] ;fy O{dfg Nofpg n]Vof], o;af6 k}uDa/ klg z/Ls x'g uof], k'gM nfz/Ls eÌ'
e'm6f] eof] ..%&..
d"n—%*— P] O{dfgjfn] Û k/:k/ w}o{ /fv]/ n8fO{+ ul//fv, cNnfx;Fu 8/fcf] ls ltdLn]
5'6\sf/f -;kmntf_ kfpg]5f} .. —d+lhn !÷l;kf/f $÷# ;"/M cn–P Od/fg÷cfot @)) ..
;dLIfs— of] s'/fgsf] v'bf / k}uDa/ b'O6} n8fs" lyP . h;n] n8fO{+sf] cf1f lbG5 Tof]
zflGteË ug]{jfnf x'G5 . s] gfddfqsf] v'bf;Fu 8/fpgfn] 5'6\sf/f kfOG5 < cyjf cwd{o'Qm n8fO{+
cflbaf6 8/fpgfn] < olb k|yd kIf xf] eg] t 8/fpg / g8/fpg a/fa/, / olb bf];| f]rflx+ kIf xf]
eg] t 7Ls 5 ..%*..
 d"n—%(— of] cNnfxn] lglZrt u/]sf] ;Ldfx¿ x'g\, hf] s;}n] cNnfx / p;sf /;"nx¿sf
cfb]zx¿sf] kfng ug]{5, To;nfO{ cNnfxn] o:tf] au}+rfdf k|j]z u/fpg]5 ls h;sf] tn gx/
alu/x]sf] x'g]5 / o;}df Tof] ;b}j /xg]5, oxL a8f] ;kmntf xf] .. k/Gt' h;n] cNnfx / p;sf
/;"nsf] cj1f ug]{5 / p;sf] ;Ldfx¿sf] pNn‹g ug]{5, To;nfO{ cNnfxn] bf]hvsf] cfuf] -oftgf_
df emf]+Sg]5 / ;b}j To;df hln/xg]5 .. —d+lhn !÷l;kf/f $÷$ ;"/M cg–lg;f÷cfot !#, !$ ..
;dLIfs— ha v'bfn] g} d'xDdb ;fx]a k}uDa/nfO{ cfˆgf] z/Ls agfPsf] 5 / :jo+n] s'/fgdf
n]v]sf] 5 eg] t d';ndfgx¿n] nfz/Ls v'bfnfO{ eÌ' Joy{ 5 . / x]g'{xf];\ Û v'bf k}uDa/ ;fxasf]
;fydf s;/L km;]sf] 5 ls h;n] au}+rfdf /;"nnfO{ ;femf agfOlbPsf] 5 . o; s'/fdf klg
:jtGqtf /x]g . o:tf–o:tf s'/fx¿ O{Zj/sf] lstfadf x'g ;Sb}g ..%(..
d"n—^)— lgM;Gb]x cNnfxn] slQ klg s;}dfly cGofo ug]{5}g, olb g]sL -;'sdL{_ 5 eg] t
sof}+ u'0ff a9L lbg]5 / cfk"m;Fuaf6 a8f] k'0o lbg]5 ..
—d+lhn !÷l;kf/f %÷$ ;"/M cg–lg;f÷cfot $) ..
;dLIfs— olb Ps c0f'sf] a/fa/ klg cGofo v'bfn] ub}{g eg] t k'0onfO{ sof}+ u'0ff lsg
u/fOlbG5 < / d';ndfgx¿sf] kIfkft lsg ub{5, hLjnfO{ cfk}mn] lsg kfkL agfpF5, k]ml/ b'Mv lsg
lbG5 < lsgeg] clws Go"g ugf{n] clwi7ftfnfO{ ;'sd{–b'isd{sf] kmn ldNb5, cfwLgnfO{ xf]Og .
h;/L ;]gfsf] n8fO{+df /fhfsf] ho–k/fho¿k kmn x'G5, e[Tox¿sf] xf]Og . To;/L g} sof}+u'0ff jf
Go"g kmn sd{x¿sf] lbG5 eg] t v'bf cwdL{ x'g hfG5 ..^)..
d"n—^!— h;n] O{dfg NofP / enf] sd{ u/] pgLx¿nfO{ d}n] au}+rfdf k|j]z lbg]5' h;sf]
tn gx/x¿ alu/x]sf x'g]5g\, To;df pgLx¿ ;b}j /xg]5g\, jxfF pgLx¿sf nflu ;'lsnf–d'lsnf
kTgLx¿ x'g]5g\ / pgLx¿nfO{ d}n] j[Ifsf] 3gf 5fofFdf /fVg]5' ..
—d+lhn !÷l;kf/f %÷$ ;"/M cg–lg;f÷cfot %& ..
;dLIfs— of] s]jn c1fgLx¿nfO{ nf]e b]vfP/ d'xDdb ;fx]an] km;fPsf x'g\ / cfk"m klg
:qLx¿df cf;Qm xf]nfg\, gq eg] t o:tf] s'/f lsg uy]{ < ..^!..
d"n—^@— hlt O{dfgjfnf 5g\ ltgLx¿ cNnfxsf] dfu{df n8\b5g\, / hlt cj1fsf/L
-sflkm/_ 5g\ ltgLx¿ a't\ -z}tfg_ x¿sf] dfu{df n8\g]5g\, ctM ltdLx¿ z}tfgsf ldqx¿;Fu n8,
lgM;Gb]x z}tfgsf] rfn Psbd sdhf]/ 5 .. ltdLnfO{ h'g enfO k'Ub5 cNnfxlt/af6 xf] / ltdLnfO{
h'g a'/fO x'G5 Tof] ltd|f] cfˆg} sf/0fn] xf], / d}n] ltdLnfO{ dg'iolt/ k}uDa/ agfP/ k7fPsf] 5' /
cNnfxsf] ;fIfL kof{Kt 5 .. —d+lhn !÷l;kf/f %÷$ ;"/M cg–lg;f÷cfot &^, &( ..
;dLIfs— enf Û O{Zj/sf] dfu{df n8fO{+sf] s] sfd < / hf] a'Tk/:t sflkm/ 5g\ eg] t
d';ndfg 7"nf a'Tk/:t x'gfn] dxf sflkm/ x'G5g\ . lsgeg] oL a'Tk/:tLx¿ ;fgf–;fgf d"lt{x¿sf]
;Gd'v gdg ub{5g\ / elQm ub{5g\ . To;/L g} d';ndfgx¿ dSsfsf] Ps 7"nf] dl:hb 5, To;sf]
;fd'Ì] gdg ub{5g\ . olb egf}nf ls xfdL dl:hbnfO{ v'bf dfGb}gf} / s'/fgsf] cf1f xf] . o;}n]
ptflt/ d'vdfq} u/]/ v'bfsf] aGbuL ub{5f}+, oxfF klg logLx¿n] 9'ËfnfO{ O{Zj/ dfGb}gg\, lsGt' 9'Ëfdf
O{Zj/sf] efjgf u/]/ elQm ub{5g\ / logLx¿sf] klg k'/f0fdf To:t} cf1f 5 Jof;hLsf], h'g ls
dfG5]x¿n] O{Zj/sf] cjtf/ dfGb5g\ pgsf] cf1f 5, ls ltdLn] d"lt{ k"h .
To;}n] 7"nf] dl:hbnfO{ O{Zj/sf] elQmdf ;fd'Ì] /fVg]x¿ d';ndfg dxf a'Tk/:tL / oL
dfG5]x¿ ;fgf a'Tk/:tL x'g\ . h;/L s'g} dg'ion] cfˆgf] 3/df k;]sf] la/fnf]nfO{ lgsfNg nfUbf pFm6
k|lji6 x'g hfG5, To:t} bzf d'xDdb ;fx]a cflb d';ndfgx¿sf] 5 . lsgeg] la/fnfsf] e}+m ;fgf–
;fgf kfiff0fflbsf] d"lt{x¿ tf]8–kmf]8 u/]/ cfˆgf] 3/af6 t lgsfn], k/Gt' pFm6hqf dl:hb Åbo¿kL
3/df k|j]z u¥of] . o;}af6 d';ndfgx¿n] 7"nf xflgnfO{ k|fKt u/] . ha oL 7"nf a'Tk/:tL x'g \ eg] t
s'g d'vn] csf{ ;fgf a'Tk/:tLx¿sf] v08g ug{ ;Sb5g\ . xf] Û klxn] cfk"mn] cfˆgf] a'Tk/:tnfO{
5f]8Øf} eg] dfq cGosf] v08g ug{ ;Sb5f} ..^@..
d"n—^#— / dfG5]x¿n] eGb5g\ ls xfdLnfO{ :jLsf/ 5, k]ml/ ha t]/f] glhsaf6 u'h|G5g\,
ta tL dWo]af6 Ps ;d"x t]/f] lj?4 k/fdz{ ub{5g\ h'g To;n] elg;s]sf] lyof], / cNnfxn]
ltgLx¿sf sfgfk"ml;x¿ -;fptL_ nfO{ n]lv/x]sf] 5, ctM ltdL pgLx¿;Fuaf6 ar / cNnfxdfly
e/f];f /fv / cNnfx e/f];fsf] nflu kof{Kt 5 .. k]ml/ ltdLnfO{ s] e}/x]sf] 5 ls ltdL
sk6rf/Lx¿sf] dfldnfdf b'ljwfdf kl//x]sf 5f}, ha ls cNnfxn] pgsf] s[Tosf] sf/0fn] pN6f]
kfl/lbPsf] 5, s] ltdLn] rfxG5f} ls ltgLx¿nfO{ dfu{df Nofpg] h;nfO{ cNnfxn] e6\sfOlbof], /
h;nfO{ cNnfxn] e6\sfof] ltdLn] sbflk ltgLx¿sf] s'g} dfu{ kfpg ;Sb}gf} ..
—d+lhn !÷l;kf/f %÷$ ;"/M cg–lg;f÷cfot *!, ** ..
;dLIfs— olb cNnfxn] s'/fx¿nfO{ n]v]/ axLvftf agfpFb} hfG5 eg] t ;j{1 xf]Og Û / olb
;j{1 xf] eg] t n]Vgsf] s] sfd 5 < / h'g d';ndfgx¿n] eGb5g\ ls z}tfgn] g} ;a}nfO{ e|ddf
kfgf{n] b'i6 eof] eg] t ha v'bfn] g} hLjx¿nfO{ u'd/fx -e|dfpg]_ ub{5 eg] t v'bf / z}tfgdf s]
e]b /Xof] < xf], olt e]b 5 eÌ ;lsG5 ls v'bf 7"nf] z}tfg, Tof] kml/Ztf ;fgf] z}tfg, lsgeg]
d';ndfgx¿sf] oxL sf}n -egfO_ xf] ls h;n] axsfpF5 ToxL g} z}tfg xf], ta t o; k|lt1fn] klg
v'bfnfO{ z}tfg agfOlbof] ..^#..
d"n—^$— olb p;n] o;nfO{ :jLsf/ gu/] t To;nfO{ ;dft, / hxfF sxL ltgLx¿nfO{
e]§fpF5f} xTof u/ / ltgdf s;}nfO{ klg ldq jf ;xfos gagfpg" .. d';ndfgnfO{ d';ndfgn] dfg{
of]Uo x'Fb}g, olb s;}n] cghfgn] dfb{5 eg] Ps ub{g d';ndfgsf] 5f]l8lbg' .. clg /ut aufpg' tL
dfG5]lt/ ;'lDkPsf] h'g sf}dl;t x'G5, ltd|f] nflu bfg ul/lbcf]; \, h'g b'Zdgsf] sf}d 5 / hf]
sf]xLn] d';ndfgnfO{ hfg]/ dfb{5 Tof] ;b}j sfn bf]hv -g/sdf_ df /xg]5, To;dfly cNnfxsf]
qmf]w / km6\sf/ -nfgt_ x'g]5 .. —d+lhn !÷l;kf/f %÷$ ;"/M cg–lg;f÷cfot *(, (), (!, (@ ..
;dLIfs— ca x]g'{xf];\ ls dxf kIfkftsf] s'/f Û h'g ls d';ndfg xf]Og eg] t hxfF kfpF5f}
ToxL xTof ul/lbg' / d';ndfgnfO{ gdfg{' . e'nn] d';ndfgnfO{ dfbf{ k|folZrQ / cGonfO{ dfbf{ :ju{
ldNg] o:tf] pkb]znfO{ s'jfdf ˆofFlslbg'kb{5 . o:tf–o:tf k':ts, o:tf k}uDa/, o:tf v'bf / o:tf]
dtn] l;jfo xflg afx]s nfe s]xL klg x'Fb}g . o:tf] gx'g' g} /fd|f] / o:tf k|fdflbs dtaf6
a'l4dfg\x¿n] cnu /x]/ j]bf]Qm ;a} s'/fx¿nfO{ dfÌ'kb{5, lsgeg] To;df c;To lsl~rGdfq klg
5}g . / h;n] d';ndfgnfO{ dfb{5 To;nfO{ bf]hv -g/s_ ldNg] / bf];|f dtjfnfn] eGb5g\ ls
d';ndfgx¿nfO{ df/] t :ju{ ldNb5, n]v]sf 5g\ . ca eÌ'xf];\ b'O6} dtdf s;nfO{ dfÌ] s;nfO{
5f]8\g] < lsGt' o:tf d"9 k|slNkt dtx¿nfO{ 5f]8]/ j]bf]Qm dt :jLsf/ ug{ of]Uo ;a} dg'iox¿sf]
nflu 5 ls h;df cfo{ dfu{ cyf{t\ >]i7 k'?ifx¿sf] dfu{df rNg' / b:o' cyf{t\ b'i6sf] dfu{b]lv
cnu /xg' n]lvPsf] 5 ;jf]{Qd xf] ..^$..
d"n—^%— / lzIff k|s6 e};s]kl5 klg h;n] /;"nl;t lj/f]w u/] / d';ndfgx¿l;t lj?4
kIf lnP, cjZo xfdLn] ltgLx¿nfO{ bf]hv -g/s_ df k7fpg]5f}+ ..
—d+lhn !÷l;kf/f %÷$ ;"/M cg–lg;f÷cfot !!% ..
;dLIfs— ca x]g'{xf];\ v'bf / /;"nsf kIfkftk"0f{ s'/fx¿ Û d'xDdb ;fx]a cflb ;DemGy] ls
olb v'bfsf] gfdaf6 o;/L xfdLn] n]v]gf}+ eg] t cfˆgf] dhxa a9\g]5}g / kbfy{ klg ldNg]5}g,
cfgGbef]u x'g]5}g . o;}af6 ljlbt x'G5 ls ltgLx¿ cfˆgf] dtna k"/f ug{df lyP / cGosf] k|of]hg
laufg{df lyP . o;} sf/0f oL cgfKt lyP Û logsf s'/fsf] k|df0f cfKt ljåfg\x¿sf] ;fd'Ì] slxNo}
klg x'g ;Sb}g ..^%..
d"n—^^— h;n] cNnfx, /;"nx¿, kml/Ztfx¿ / p;sf] lstfa;Fu s'k|m -pkb|j_ ub{5 eg]
lgZro Tof] u'd/fx xf] .. hf] dfG5]x¿ sflkm/ lyP / O{dfg NofP k]ml/ sflkm/ eP k]ml/–k]ml/ k'gM
k]ml/P/ s'k|mdf clws a9], cNnfxn] ltgLx¿nfO{ slxNo} Ifdf ug]{5}g / dfu{ b]vfpg]5}g ..
—d+lhn !÷l;kf/f %÷$ ;"/M cg–lg;f÷cfot !#^, !#& ..
;dLIfs— s] clxn] klg v'bf nfz/Ls /xg ;Sb5 < s] nfz/Ls eGb} hfg' / p;sf] ;fydf
y'k|} klg z/Ls dfGb} hfg' of] k/:k/sf] lj?4 s'/f xf]Og < s] tLg k6s Ifdfsf] kZrft\ v'bfn] Ifdf
ub}{g < / tLg k6s s'k|m ubf{;Dd af6f] b]vfpF5 < jf rf}yf]k6sb]lv cufl8 b]vfpFb}g < olb rf/–
rf/ k6s klg s'k|m ;a}n] ug]{ xf] eg] t s'k|m w]/} g} a9\g]5g\ ..^^..
d"n—^&— lgZro cNnfxn] b[i6x¿ / sflkm/x¿nfO{ bf]hv -g/s_ df xfNg]5 .. b'i6x¿n]
wf]sf lbG5g\ cNnfxnfO{ / lgZro p;n] ltgLx¿nfO{ wf]sf lbG5 .. P] O{dfgjfnfx¿ xf] Û
d';ndfgnfO{ 5f]8]/ sflkm/x¿nfO{ ldq gagfpg" ..
—d+lhn !÷l;kf/f %÷$ ;"/M cg–lg;f÷cfot !#*, !#(, !$$ ..
;dLIfs— d';ndfgx¿nfO{ :ju{df / cGox¿nfO{ g/sdf hfgkg]{ s] k|df0f 5 < jfx hL
jfx Û hf] b'i6x¿sf] wf]sfdf cfpF5 / cGonfO{ wf]sf lbG5 . o:tf] v'bf xfdLaf6 cnu} /x]sf] a]z,
lsGt' hf] wf]s]afh 5 pg}l;t uP/ d]n u/f];\ / pgLx¿n] o;l;t d]n u¿g\ . lsgeg]—
æofb[zL zLtnf b]jL tfb[zM v/jfxgMÆ
h:tfnfO{ t:t} ldn]df g} lgjf{x x'g ;Sb5 .
h;sf] v'bf wf]s]afh 5 To;sf pkf;s d';ndfgx¿ wf]s]afh lsg x'Fb}gg\ < ta g}
d';ndfgx¿n] wf]sf lbgdf tTk/ /xG5g\ xf]nf . s] b'i6 d';ndfg 5 eg] To;;Fu ldqtf / cGo
>]i7, d';ndfg leÌ;Fu zq'tf ug'{ s;}nfO{ plrt x'g ;Sb5 < ..^&..
d"n—^*— P] dg'iox¿ xf] Û lgZro ltdLsxfF ;Tosf] ;fy v'bflt/af6 k}uDa/ cfPsf 5g\,
dfq ltdLx¿n] pgLx¿dfly O{dfg Nofcf] .. cNnfx t s]jn PSn} k'Ho 5 ..
—d+lhn !÷l;kf/f ^÷$ ;"/M cg–lg;f÷cfot !&), !&! ..
;dLIfs— s] ha k}uDa/x¿df O{dfg Nofpg n]lvof] eg] t k}uDa/ v'bfsf] z/Ls cyf{t \
;fIfL eof] ls ePg < ca cNnfx Psb]zL xf] Jofks xf]Og, o;}n] p;Fu k}uDa/ cfpg] –hfg] ub{5g\
eg] t Tof] O{Zj/ klg x'g ;Sb}g . sxL+ ;j{b]zL n]lvPsf] 5, sxL+ Psb]zL . o;}af6 ljlbt x'G5 ls
s'/fg Pp6fn] agfPsf] xf]Og, lsGt' w]/} hgf ldn]/ agfPsf x'g\ ..^*..
d"n—^(— ltd|f] nflu cj}w -x/fd_ ul/Psf] d'bf{/, /ut, ;'Fu'/sf] df;' / tL hgfj/ hf]
cNnfxsf] gfdsf] cltl/Qm s'g} cs}{sf] gfddf hax -s'af{g_ ul/Psf] / Tof] h'g d¥of] 3fF6L
c7Øfpgfn], rf]6 nfUgfn], le/af6 v:gfn], h'w]/ ;L+u dfgf{n] / h;nfO{ lzsf/L hGt'n] vfPsf]
xf];\ .. —d+lhn @÷l;kf/f ^÷% ;"/M cn–dfObf÷cfot # ..
;dLIfs— s] oltdfq} kbfy{ x/fd xf] < cGo y'k|} kz' tyf lto{s\ hLj ls/f cflb
d';ndfgx¿sf] nflu xnfn xf]nf < To;}n] of] dg'iosf] sNkgf xf], O{Zj/sf] xf]Og . To;}n] o;sf]
k|df0f klg dflg+b}g ..^(..
d"n—&)— / cNnfxnfO{ /fd|f] C0f lbof} eg] d}n] ltdLaf6 ltd|f] kfk cjZo b"/ ul/lbg]5' /
ltdLnfO{ cjZo :ju{sf] au}+rfdf k|j]z u/fOlbg]5' .
—d+lhn @÷l;kf/f ^÷% ;"/M cn–dfObf÷cfot !@ ..
;dLIfs— jfx hL Û d';ndfgx¿sf] v'bfsf] 3/df s]xL klg wg ljz]if /x]g xf]nf, olb ljz]if
x'GYof] eg] t pwf/f] lsg dfUbYof] < / pgLx¿nfO{ lsg axsfpFYof] ls ltd|f] kfkhlt 5'6fOlbP/
ltdLnfO{ :ju{df k7fOlbg]5' < oxfF oxL ljlbt x'G5 ls v'bfsf] gfdaf6 d'xDdb ;fx]an] cfˆgf]
dtna ;fw]sf x'g\ ..&)..
d"n—&!— h;nfO{ rfxG5 k'0ofTdf agfpF5, h;nfO{ rfxG5 kfkfTdf agfpF5 .. h'g ;+;f/df
s;}nfO{ glbPsf] s'/f] Tof] tFnfO{ lbPsf] 5 ..
—d+lhn @÷l;kf/f ^÷% ;"/M cn–dfObf÷cfot !*, @) ..
;dLIfs— h;/L z}tfgn] h;nfO{ rfxG5 kfkL agfpF5 To;/L g} d';ndfgsf] v'bfn] klg
z}tfgsf] sfd ub{5 < olb o:t} xf] eg] t k]ml/ :ju{ / g/sdf v'bf g} hfcf];\ lsgeg] jxL kfk k'0o
ug]{jfnf aGof]Ù hLj k/fwLg 5 . h;/L ;]gf ;]gfkltsf] cfwLg /Iff ub{5 / s;}nfO{ dfb{5, To;sf]
/fd|f] g/fd|f]sf] kl/0ffdsf] xsbf/ ;]gfkltsf] x'G5, ;]gfsf] xf]Og ..&!..
d"n—&@— tF oL sflkm/dfly b'MvL geP;\, logLx¿ k[YjLdf el6\s+b} lkmg]{5g\, ..
—d+lhn @÷l;kf/f ^÷% ;"/M cn–dfObf÷cfot @% ..
;dLIfs— slt cwd{ / kIfkftsf] s'/f 5 ls d';ndfg xf]Og eg] t b'MvL gx'g] /
d';ndfgdfly b'MvL x'g' s]jn cwd{sf] s'/f xf] ..&@..
d"n—&#— cNnfxsf] cf1fsf] kfng u/ / /;"nsf] cf1fsf] kfng u/ ..
—d+lhn @÷l;kf/f &÷% ;"/M cn–dfObf÷cfot (@ ..
;dLIfs— x]g'{xf];\ Û of] s'/f] v'bfsf] z/Ls x'gsf] nflu 5, k]ml/ v'bfnfO{ …nfz/LsÚ dfÌ' Joy{
x'G5 ..&#..
d"n—&$— h'g klxnf e};Sof] To;nfO{ cNnfxn] Ifdf ul/lbof], k/Gt' hf] s;}n] k]ml/ o:tf]
u¥of] eg] t cNnfxn] To;;Fu abnf lng]5 ..
—d+lhn @÷l;kf/f &÷% ;"/M cn–dfObf÷cfot (% ..
;dLIfs— ul/Psf] kfknfO{ Ifdf lbg' hfÌ' ls kfkx¿ ug{sf] nflu cf1f lbP/ a9fpg' xf] .
kfk Ifdf ug]{ s'/f h'g k':tsdf x'G5 Tof] g O{Zj/, g t s'g} ljåfg\n] agfPsf] xf], lsGt' kfkj4{s
xf] . xf], cfufdL kfk 5'6fpgsf] nflu s;};Fu k|fy{gf / :jo+ 5f]8\gsf] nflu k'?iffy{, kZrftfk ug'{
plrt x'G5 k/Gt' s]jn kZrftfk ub}{/xg], g5f]8\g] xf] eg] t s]xL klg x'g ;Sb}g ..&$..
d"n—&%— / To; dg'iob]lv clws kfkL sf] 5 h;n] cNnfxdfly e'm§f] agfpF5 / eGb5 ls
dnfO{ klg ToxL ul/of] / d}n] klg ptfg]{5' ..
—d+lhn @÷l;kf/f &÷% ;"/M cn–dfObf÷cfot !)! ..
;dLIfs— o; s'/faf6 l;4 x'G5 ls ha d'xDdb ;fx]a eGy] ls dnfO{ v'bflt/af6 cfotx¿
cfpF5g\ ta s'g} bf];|fn] klg d'xDdb ;fx]asf] t'No nLnf /Rof] xf]nf ls dnfO{ klg cfot plqG5g\,
dnfO{ klg k}uDa/ dfg . o;nfO{ x6fpgsf] nflu / cfˆgf] k|lti7f a9fpgsf] nflu d'xDdb ;fx]an]
of] pkfo u/] xf]nfg\ ..&%..
d"n—&^— cjZo d}n] ltdLnfO{ pTkÌ u/]+, k]ml/ ltd|f] ¿k agfPF, k]ml/ kml/ZtfnfO{ eg]+ ls
cfbdnfO{ ;hbf u/, ctM pgLx¿n] ;hbf u/], k/Gt' OanL; ;hbf ug]{x¿df ;lDdlnt ePg ..
cNnfxn] ;f]Wof] ls tFnfO{ ;hbf ug{df s'g rLhn] /f]Sof], ha ls d}n] tFnfO{ cfb]z lbPsf] lyPF,
OanL;n] eGof] ls d Tof] eGbf /fd|f] 5', t}+n] dnfO{ cfuf]af6 agfPsf] 5;\ / cfbdnfO{ df6f]af6 ..
cNnfxn] eGof] ls tF oxfFaf6 tn eml/xfn, tFnfO{ of] clwsf/ 5}g ls t}+n] 3d08 ug]{, ctM lg:s]/
hf tF lglZrt ¿kaf6 ckdflgt 5;\ .. OanL;n] eGof] ls t}+n] dnfO{ To; lbg;Dd ;do b] ls
ha;Dd ;a} dfG5]x¿ p7fOFG5 .. cNnfxn] eGof] ls tFnfO{ cj;/ lbPF .. OanL;n] eGof] lsg ls
t}+n] dnfO{ e6\sfPsf] 5;\, d klg dfG5]x¿sf] nflu tuf/f] ag]/ t]/f] ;Lwfdfu{df a:g]5' .. k]m/L k|foM
tFnfO{ wGojfb lbg]jfnf tL af6 kfpg]5}g;\ .. eGof] oxfFaf6 lg:s]/ hf tF ckdflgt / lt/:s[t, hf]
sf]O{ logLx¿ t]/f] dfu{af6 rn]df ltdL ;a}nfO{ bf]hv -g/s_ df kfg]{5' ..
—d+lhn @÷l;kf/f *÷& ;"/M cn–cf/fkm÷cfot !!–!* ..
;dLIfs— ca Wofg lbP/ ;'Ì'xf];\ v'bf / z}tfgsf] emu8f Û Ps kml/Ztf h:tf] ls lkcg
-rk/f;L_ xf], lyof], Tof] klg v'bf;Fu bla+b}g / v'bfn] p;sf] cfTdfnfO{ kljq ug{ klg ;Sb}g, k]ml/
o:tf] afuL, dfG5]nfO{ kfkL agfP/ cft+s ug]{jfnf lyof] To;nfO{ v'bfn] 5f]l8lbof] . v'bfsf] of] 7"nf]
e'n xf] . z}tfg t ;a}nfO{ e|ddf kfg]{jfnf / v'bf z}tfgnfO{ axsfpg]jfnf x'gfn] of] l;4 x'G5 ls
z}tfgsf] klg z}tfg v'bf xf] . lsgeg] z}tfgn] t k|ToIf eGb}5 ls t}+n] dnfO{ u'd/fx agfO;\ .
o;af6 v'bfdf kljqtf klg kfOFb}g / ;a} b'i6tf rnfpg]jfnfsf] d"n sf/0f v'bf eof] . o:tf] v'bf
d';ndfgx¿sf] g} v'bf x'g ;Sb5, cGo >]i7 ljåfg\x¿sf] xf]Og . / kml/Ztfx¿;Fu dg'iojt\
jftf{nfk ugf{n] b]xwf/L, cNk1, Gofo/lxt d';ndfgx¿sf] v'bf xf], o;}af6 a'l4dfgLx¿ O:nfdsf]
dhxanfO{ dg k/fpFb}gg\ ..&^..
d"n—&&— lgZro g} ltd|f] dflns cNnfx xf] h;n] cfsfz / k[YjLnfO{ 5M lbgdf pTkÌ
u¥of], k]ml/ /fhl;+xf;gdf a:of] .. bLgtfaf6 cfˆgf] dflnsnfO{ k'sf/ ..
—d+lhn @÷l;kf/f *÷& ;"/M cn–cf/fkm÷cfot %$, %% ..
;dLIfs— enf Û h;n] 5M lbgdf hut\nfO{ agfpF5, cz{ cyf{t\ dflysf] cfsfzdf l;+xf;g
yfk]/ cf/fd ug]{, Tof] O{Zj/ ;j{zlQmdfg\ / Jofks slxNo} x'g ;Sb}g < of] gx'gfn] Tof] v'bf klg eÌ
;ls+b}g . s] ltd|f] v'bf alx/f] 5 hf] k'sf/]df dfq} ;'Ì] < oL ;a} s'/fx¿ cgLZj/s[t x'g\, To;}n]
s'/fg O{Zj/s[t x'g ;Sb}g . olb 5M lbgdf hut\ agfof], ;ftf}+ lbgdf l;+xf;gdf cf/fd u¥of] eg] t
yfSof] klg xf]nf / clxn];Dd ;'lt/fv]sf] 5 ls hflu/fv]sf] 5 < olb hflu/fv]sf] 5 eg] t clxn]
s]xL sfd ub{5 ls lgsDdf ;}n ;k§f ub}{5, P]z u/]/ lkmb}{5 ..&&..
d"n—&*— k[YjLdf emu8f dRrfpFb} glx+8 ..
—d+lhn @÷l;kf/f *÷& ;"/M cn–cf/fkm÷cfot &$ ..
;dLIfs— of] s'/f t /fd|f] xf] k/Gt' o;b]lv lj?4 lhxfb ug{ / sflkm/x¿nfO{ dfg{ klg
n]lvPsf] 5, ca eg ls of] k"jf{k/ lj?4 xf]Og < o;af6 of] ljlbt x'G5 ls ha d'xDdb ;fx]a
lga{n eP xf]nfg\ ta of] pkfo /r] xf]nfg\ / ha ;an eP xf]nfg\, emu8f dRrfP xf]nfg\ . o;}n] oL
s'/fx¿ e'm6f x'g\ ..&*..
d"n—&(— ta d";fn] Ps k6s e'OFdf cfˆgf] nÝL /flvlbof], ta crfgs Ps k|ToIf clhË/
aÌ uof] .. —d+lhn @÷l;kf/f (÷& ;"/M cn–cf/fkm÷cfot !)& ..
 ;dLIfs— ca o:tf] n]Vgfn] ljlbt x'G5 ls o:tf] e'm§f] s'/f v'bf / d'xDdb ;fx]an] klg
dfGby] . olb o:t} xf] eg] t oL b'O6} ljåfg\ xf]Ogg\, lsgeg] h:tf] cfFvfn] b]v]sf] / sfgn] ;'g]sf]nfO{
s;}n] cGoyf ug{ ;Sb}g Û To;}n] logsf oL OGb|hfnL s'/fx¿ x'g\ ..&(..
d"n—*)— To;n] eGof] ls xfdLn] ltgLx¿sf 5f]/fx¿sf] xTof ul/lbg]5f}+ / ltgLx¿sf
:qLx¿nfO{ hLljt /fVg]5f}+ .. k]ml/ xfdLn] ltgLx¿dfly t'kmfg k7fof}+, / ;nx, h'd|f, Eofu'tf / /ut,
oL ;a} lgzfgLx¿ 5'§f5'§} b]vfof}+, k]ml/ klg ltgLx¿n] 3d08 u/] / ltgLx¿ ck/fwL lyP .. a;
lkm/cf}gl;t abnf lnof}+ / ltgLx¿nfO{ 8'afOlbof}+ ;d'b|df .. / O;|fO{nsf ;GtfgnfO{ ;d'b|kf/L
ptfl/lbof}+ .. lgZro Tof] bLg -wd{_ e'm6f] xf] ls h;df ltgLx¿ nfu]sf 5g\ / ltgLx¿sf] sfo{ klg
e'm6f] xf] .. —d+lhn @÷l;kf/f (÷& ;"/M cn–cf/fkm÷cfot !@&, !##, !#^, !#*, !#( ..
;dLIfs— h;n] 5f]/fx¿sf] xTof ul/lbG5 / :qLx¿nfO{ hLljt /fVb5, / To;eGbf lgb{oL,
/fIf; :jefjo'Qm, ljifof;Qm dg'io / b'i6dt bf];|f] s'g} klg 5}g xf]nf . csf]{ x]g'{xf];\ h:t} s'g}
kfv08Ln] s;}nfO{ 8/fpg lbG5 ls tFnfO{ 6f]sfpgsf] nflu xfdLn] ;k{ k7fOlbg]5f}+, o:t} g} oxfF s'/f
5 . enf Û hf] o:tf] kIfkftLsf] Ps hfltnfO{ 8'afOlbg] / csf]{nfO{ kf/ nufOlbg], of] kIfkftL,
dtnaLh:tf] v'bf lsg xf]Og < h;n] bf];|f dtsf h;df xhf/f}+ s/f]8f}+ dg'io 5g\, e'm§f x'g\ eÌ] /
cfˆgfnfO{ ;fFrf] atfpg], o;eGbf k/ e'm6f] bf];|f] dt csf]{ s'g x'g ;Sb5 < lsgeg] s'g} klg dtdf
;a} dg'io c;n / b'i6 x'g ;Sb}gg\ . of] PstkmL{ 8Íf ahfpg' dxfd"v{sf] sfd xf] . s] tf}/]t
ha"/sf] bLg -wd{_, h'g ls ltgLx¿sf] lyof], lsg cfk"mn] u/]sf]nfO{ g} v'bfn] e'm§f] agfof] < jf
ltgLx¿sf] csf]{ s'g} dhxa lyof] ls h;nfO{ e'm6f] eGof], / olb Tof] cGo dhxa lyof] eg] t
s'grflx+ lyof] eg ls h;sf] gfd s'/fgdf 5 ..*)..
d"n—*!— d";fn] v'bfnfO{ eGof] ls dnfO{ t]/f] :j¿k b]vfOb], v'bfn] eGof] ls t}+n] dnfO{
sbflk b]Vg ;Sb}g;\, xf], kxf8lt/ x]/ olb Tof] kxf8 cfˆgf] :yfgdf l:y/ /Xof] eg] t t}+n] dnfO{
b]Vg ;Sg]5;\, v'bfn] kxf8df cfˆgf] k|sfz xfNof] t kxf8 rsgfr"/ x'g k'Uof] / d";f d"l5{t eP/
e"lddf 9Nof] .. —d+lhn @÷l;kf/f (÷& ;"/M cn–cf/fkm÷cfot !$# ..
;dLIfs— h'g b]lvgdf cfpF5 Tof] Jofks x'g ;Sb}g . k]ml/ o:tf] rdTsf/ ub}{ lkmg]{ lyof]
eg] t v'bf clxn] To:t} rdTsf/ s;}nfO{ lsg b]vfpFb}g < ;j{yf ljBf lj?4 x'gfn] of] s'/f] ;fFrf]
xf]Og ..*!..
d"n—*@— ha d";fsf] sf}dn] kfgL dfUof] ta d}n] d";fnfO{ cfb]z lbPF ls cd's r§fgdf
cfˆgf] nÝL ahfg"{,ta To; r§fgaf6 afx|cf]6f kfgLsf d"n k'm6] ..
—d+lhn @÷l;kf/f (÷& ;"/M cn–cf/fkm÷cfot !^) ..
;dLIfs— ca x]g'{xf];\ Û efg'dtLsf] h:tf] a8fO–r8fO v'bfsf] v'bfO / k}uDa/sf] k}uDa/fO .
o;nfO{ s'g} klg a'l4dfg\n] ;fFrf] dfÌ ;Sb}g, l;jfo hËnL dg'iosf] ..*@..
d"n—*#— cfˆgf] dflnsnfO{ cfˆgf] Åbodf k|ftM / ;+Wofsf] ;dodf ljgd|tfk"j{s, 8/fpFb} /
dl;gf] cfjfhsf] ;fy ;Demg] u/ .. —d+lhn @÷l;kf/f (÷& ;"/M cn–cf/fkm÷cfot @)% ..
;dLIfs— sxL+–sxL+ s'/fgdf n]lvPsf] 5 ls 7"nf] 8fFsf]n] cfˆgf] dflnsnfO{ k'sf/, sxL+–sxL+
;':t/L dl;gf] :j/n] dgdf v'bfsf] :d/0f u/ . ca eÌ'xf];\ Û s'grflx+ s'/f] ;fFrf] / s'grflx+ s'/f]
e'm6f] < hxfF Ps bf];|f] s'/f;Fu lj/f]w ub{5 eg] Tof] s'/f] k|dQ uLts} ;dfg x'G5 . olb s'g} s'/f]
e|dn] lj?4 lgSn]df t To;nfO{ dfg]df ta s'g} lrGtf 5}g ..*#..
d"n—*$— ltdL;Fu o'4df n'6]sf] dfnsf] ;DaGwdf k|Zg ub{5g\, eg ls cNnfx / p;sf
/;"nsf] xf], ctM ltdLx¿ cNnfxl;t 8/fcf] ..
—d+lhn @÷l;kf/f (÷* ;"/M cn–cgkmfn÷cfot ! ..
;dLIfs— h;n] n'6kf6 drfpg], 8fFs"sf] sd{ ug]{–u/fpg] k]ml/ v'bf tyf k}uDa/ / O{dfGbf/
klg aÌ], a8f] cfZro{sf] s'/f] 5 / cNnfxsf] 8/ b]vfpg] / 8fFsflb b'i6 sfd klg ub}{ hfg] clg
…pQd dt xfd|f] xf]Ú eÌdf nHhf klg gdfÌ] . x7 5f]8]/ ;To j]bdtsf] u|x0f gug]{ o;eGbf clws
b'i6tf bf];|f] s'grflx+ xf]nf < ..*$..
d"n—*%— / h/f] sfl6lbof] sflkm/x¿sf] .. d}n] ltd|f] ;xfotfsf] nflu Ps xhf/ kml/Ztf
lg/Gt/ k7fO/xg]5' .. cjZo d}n] sflkm/x¿sf] dgdf eo k}bf u/fOlbg]5', ltdLn] df/ pgLx¿sf
ub{gdf / k|To]s hf]gL{–hf]gL{df .. —d+lhn @÷l;kf/f (÷* ;"/M cn–cgkmfn÷cfot &, (, !@ ..
 ;dLIfs— jfx hL jfx Û s:tf] v'bf / s:tf bofxLg k}uDa/ . hf] d';ndfgL dtb]lv leÌ
sflkm/x¿sf] h/f] s6fpg] / v'bfn] cf1f lbg] pgLx¿sf] ub{g / v'§fsf] g;f–g;fdf xfÌsf] nflu
;xfotf / ;Ddlt lbg] . enf Û o:tf] v'bf nÍ]z eGbf s]xL sd 5 < of] ;a} k|k~r s'/fg stf{sf]
xf], v'bfsf] xf]Og . olb v'bfsf] xf] eg] t o:tf] v'bf xfdLaf6 6f9} /xf]; \ / To;b]lv xfdL 6f9f
/xf}+ ..*%..
d"n—*^— cNnfx d';ndfgx¿sf] ;fydf 5 .. P] O{dfgjfnfx¿ xf] cNnfx / /;"nsf] cf1f
kfng u/ / To;b]lv d'v g]k]mg'{ ha ls k'sf/ ltdLn] ;'lg/x]sf 5f} .. P O{dfgjfnfx¿ xf] rf]/L -
ljZjf;3ft_ gu/ cNnfx / /;"nsf], rf]/L gu/ cfˆgf] w/f]x/ -cdfgt_ sf] .. / cNnfxn] cfˆgf]
rfn nufpFb}lyof] lxt ug]{x¿sf nflu ..
—d+lhn @÷l;kf/f (÷* ;"/M cn–cgkmfn÷cfot !(, @$, @&, #) ..
;dLIfs— s] cNnfx d';ndfgx¿sf] kIfkftL xf] < olb o:t} xf] eg] t cwd{ ub{5 . gq eg]
t O{Zj/ ;a} ;[li6el/sf] xf] . s] v'bf lagf k'sf/] ;'Gb}g < alx/f] 5 < / p;sf] ;fydf /;"nnfO{
z/Ls ug'{ Psbd g/fd|f] sfd xf]Og < s] cNnfxsf] s'grflx vhfgf el/Psf] 5 hf] s;}n] rf]/L
ub{5 < s] /;"n / cfˆgf] ;DklQnfO{ 5f]8]/ cGo ;a}sf] rf]/L ug]{ < o:tf] pkb]z cljåfg\ /
cwdL{x¿sf] x'g ;Sb5 . enf Û hxfF rfn rNb5 / rfn rNg]x¿sf] ;ËL x'G5 Tof] v'bf sk6L, 5nL
/ cwdL{ lsg ePg < To;}n] of] s'/fg v'bfn] agfPsf] xf]Og s'g} sk6L 5nLn] agfPsf] xf]nf, gq
eg] t o:tf] cGoyf s'/fx¿ lnlvt lsg x'GYof] < ..*^..
d"n—*&— / pgLx¿;Fu olt;Dd o'4 u/ ls g/xf];\ lkmtgf -pkb|j_ cyf{t\ sflkm/x¿sf]
an / x'g hfcf];\ bLg -wd{_ k"/fsf] k"/f cNnfxsf] nflu .. / hfÌ' ls h]–hlt dfn o'4df n'6]/
ldn]sf] 5 ltd|f] nflu, To;sf] kfFrf}+ efu cNnfx / p;sf /;"nx¿sf] nflu / ;DaGwL, cgfy, lgw{g
/ ofqLx¿sf nflu xf], lgZro d ltd|f] kIfL x"F ..
—d+lhn @÷l;kf/f (÷* ;"/M cn–cgkmfn÷cfot #(, $! ..
;dLIfs— o:tf] cGofoaf6 n8fsf / n8\g]–n8fpg] jfnf d';ndfgx¿sf] v'bf eGbf
zflGteËstf{ bf];|f] sf] xf]nf < ca x]g'{xf];\ dhxa ls cNnfx / /;"nsf] nflu hut\nfO{ n'6\g]
n'6fpg] n'6]/fx¿sf] h:tf] sfd xf]Og < / n'6sf] dfndf cfk"m c+lzof/ aÌ' hfg ls 8fFs" aÌ' xf] /
o:tf n'6]/fx¿sf] kIfkftL aÌ' v'bfn] cfˆgf] v'bfO{df snÍ nufpFb5 . a8f] cfZro{sf] s'/f 5 ls
o:tf] k':ts, o:tf] v'bf / o:tf v'bfsf k}uDa/ / o:tf] pkfwLvf]/ dhxa ;+;f/df dxf zflGteË
u/]/ b'MvbfoL sxfFaf6 eof] < olb o:tf–o:tf dt hut\df k|rlnt x'Fb}gy] eg] t ;a} hut\
cfgGbdf /Dg] lyof] ..*&..
d"n—**— olb ltdLn] b]VYof} ha ls kml/Ztf tL sflkm/sf] k|f0f lgsfNb5g\, dfb}{ pgsf
d'vdf / kL7df clg of] eGb} ls nf}vf ca oftgf 88\gsf] nflu .. / xfdLn] lkm/cf}gjfnfnfO{
8'afOlbof}+, tL ;a} cTofrf/L lyP .. / ltgLx¿;Fu n8\gsf] nflu ltdLaf6 h]–hlt x'g;Sb5 tof/L
u/ an, ;]gf / 3f]8fsf] .. —d+lhn @÷l;kf/f !)÷* ;"/M cn–cgkmfn÷cfot %), %$, %( ..
;dLIfs— lsghL Û cfhef]ln ¿;n] /f]d cflb / a]nfotn] ld>sf] b'b{zf ul/lbof], kml/Ztfx¿
sxfF ;'Tg uP < / cfˆgf ;]jsx¿sf zq'x¿nfO{ v'bfn] k"j{df dfl/lbGYof], 8'afOlbGYof] of] s'/f] ;fFrf]
ePsf] eP cfhef]ln klg o:t} u/]/ b]vfcf];\, h;af6 of] x'g ;Sb}g To;}n] of] s'/f dfÌof]Uo 5}g .
ca x]g'{xf];\ Û of] s:tf] b'i6 cf1f 5 ls h]–hlt ltdL ug{ ;Sb5f} leÌ dtjfnfx¿sf] nflu
b'Mvbfos sd{ u/, o:tf] cf1f ljåfg\ / wfld{s bofn'sf] x'g ;Sb}g . k]ml/ n]Vb5g\ ls v'bf Gofosf/L
/ bofn' 5 . o:tf s'/fx¿n] d';ndfgx¿sf] v'bfaf6 Gofo / boflb ;b\u'0f b"/ a:b5g\ ..**..
d"n—*(— P gaL ltd|f] nflu cNnfx kof{Kt 5 / tL d';ndfg h;n] ltd|f] ;fy lbP .. P
gaL df]ldgx¿nfO{ o'4sf] nflu k|]l/t u/, olb ltdLdf @) JolQm c6n lgZrojfnf eP eg] t
ltgLx¿ @)) dfly ef/L kg]{5g\ / olb ltdLdf !)) eP eg] t ltgLx¿n] xhf/ sflkm/nfO{ 9fNg
;Sg]5g\ .. ctM hf] dfndQf ltdLn] n'6]sf 5f} To;nfO{ vfcf], ltd|f] nflu j}w / kljq 5 /
cNnfx;Fu 8/fcf], lg:;Gb]x cNnfx Ifdf ug]{jfnf bofjfg\ 5 ..
—d+lhn @÷l;kf/f !)÷* ;"/M cn–cgkmfn÷cfot ^$, ^%, ^( ..
;dLIfs— enf Û of] s'grflx+ Gofo, ljåQf / wdf{Tdtfsf] s'/f xf] ls h'g cfˆgf] kIf ub{5 /
rfx] cGofo klg ub{5 p;}sf] kIf / nfe v'bfn] k'¥ofpg] < / h;n] k|hfdf zflGteË u/]/ n8fO{
ug]{–u/fpg] / n'6df/sf] kbfy{x¿nfO{ xnfn atfpg] clg k]ml/ p;}sf] gfd Ifdfjfg\ bofn' n]Vg] of]
s'/f] v'bfsf] t slxNo} x'g ;Sb}g . lsGt' s'g} enf] dfG5]sf] klg x'g ;Sb}g . o:tf–o:tf s'/fx¿n]
s'/fg O{Zj/jfSo slxNo} x'g ;Sb}g ..*(..
d"n—()— To;df logLx¿ ;b}j /xg]5g\, cNnfx;Fu p;sf] k'0o 7"nf] 5 .. P dg'iox¿ xf] Û
cfˆgf lktf / efOx¿nfO{ ldq gagfpg' olb cf:yfsf] t'ngfdf cj1f -s'k|m_ nfO{ lk|o ub{5g\ eg] /
ltdL dWo]af6 hf] s;}n] p;nfO{ ldq agfpF5 eg] t logLx¿ g} cTofrf/L x'g \ .. k]ml/ ptf¥of]
cNnfxn] cfˆgf] l:y/tf cfk"mdfly /;"n cfˆgf d';ndfgsf / ptf¥of] nZs/ b]v]gf} ltdLn] pgnfO{
/ Hjfnfdf xflnlbof] oxL ;hf xf] sflkm/x¿nfO{ .. k]ml/–k]ml/ cfpg]5 cNnfx kl5 ltgLx¿dfly
n8fO{ u/ h;n] O{dfg NofpFb}gg\ ..
—d+lhn @÷l;kf/f !)÷( ;"/M ct–tf}af÷cfot @@, @#, @%, @^, @( ..
;dLIfs— enf Û hf] :ju{jfnfsf] ;dLkdf cNnfx /xG5 eg] t ;j{Jofks x'g ;Sb}g < hf]
;j{Jofks 5}g eg] ;[li6stf{ / GofowLz x'g ;Sb}g . / cfˆgf cfdf, afp, efO / ldqx¿nfO{
5'6fpg' s]jn cGofosf] s'/f xf], xf] ha ltgLx¿n] g/fd|f] pkb]z u/], gdfÌ', k/Gt' pgsf] ;]jf ;w}+
ug'{kb{5 . h'g klxnf v'bf d';ndfgx¿dfly ;Gt'i6 lyof] / pgsf] ;xfotfsf] nflu nZs/ ptfYof]{
eÌ] s'/f ;fFrf] xf] eg] t clxn] To:tf] lsg ub}{g < / k|yd sflkm/x¿nfO{ b08 lbGYof] / k'gM–k'gM
pgLx¿dfly cfO/xGYof] eg] t clxn] sxfF uof] < s] lagf n8fO{+n] O{dfg v'bfn] agfpg ;Sb}g <
o:tf v'bfnfO{ xfd|f]lt/af6 ;bf ltnf~hln 5, v'bf s] xf] Pp6f v]nf8L xf] < ..()..
d"n—(!—lzs{ -d'zl/s_ ug]{jfnfx¿l;t ;a} ldn]/ n8fO{+ u/, h;/L ltgLx¿ ;a} ldn]/
ltdLx¿;Fu n8\b5g\ .. ha ls xfdLnfO{ ltd|f] xsdf o;} s'/fsf] k|tLIff 5 ls cNnfxn] cfk"mlt/af6
ltdLnfO{ s'g} oftgf lbG5 cyjf xfd|f] xftaf6 lbnfpF5 ..
—d+lhn @÷l;kf/f !)÷( ;"/M ct–tf}af÷cfot #^, %@ ..
;dLIfs— s] d';ndfgx¿ cfk;df Gofo / bf];|fdf cGofo ug{df wd{ ;DemG5g\ . olb o:t}
xf] eg] t d';ndfgx¿ cGofosf d"lt{x¿ x'g\ . s] d';ndfg dfq} k'ln; ag]sf x'g\ ls cfˆgf] xft jf
d';ndfgx¿sf] xftaf6 cGo s'g} dtjfnfnfO{ b08 lbG5 < s] c¿ s/f]8f}+ dg'io O{Zj/nfO{ clk|o
5g\ < d';ndfgx¿df kfkL klg lk|o 5g\ < o;}n] …cGw]/ gu/L uj/u08 /fhfÚ sf] h:tf] Joj:yf
b]lvG5 . cfZro{ 5 ls hf] a'l4dfg\ d';ndfg 5g\ ltgLx¿n] klg o; lgd"{n co'Qm dtnfO{
dfGb5g\ ..(!..
d"n—(@— df]ldg k'?ifx¿ / df]ldg :qLx¿;Fu cNnfxsf] jfbf 5 :ju{sf] h;sf] tn gx/x¿
alu/x]sf x'g]5g\, To;df pgLx¿ ;b}j /xg]5g\, / jfbf 5 ;kmf 3/x¿nfO{ ;b}j /xg]jfnf au}+rfdf
/ cNnfxsf] k|;Ìtf ;a}eGbf a9L 5, oxL 7"nf] ;kmntf xf] .. a; pgLx¿n] 7Ýf ub{5g\ cNnfx;Fu,
7Ýf ul/lbof] cNnfxn] pgLx¿;Fu .. —d+lhn @÷l;kf/f !)÷( ;"/M ct–tf}af÷cfot &@, &( ..
;dLIfs— of] v'bfsf] gfdaf6 :qL k'?ifx¿nfO{ k|nf]eg lbg' xf], cfˆgf] dtnasf] nflu .
lsgeg] o:tf] k|nf]eg lb+b}gy] eg] t d'xDdb ;fx]asf] hfndf km:g] lyPgg\, o:t} g} cGo dtjfnfn]
klg ug]{ ub{5g\ . enf Û dg'iox¿n] t cfk;df 7Ýf ug]{ ub{5g\, k/Gt' v'bfn] s;};Fu 7Ýf ug'{ plrt
x'Fb}g . of] s'/fg u|Gy s] xf] 7"nf] v]n xf] ..(@..
d"n—(#— k/Gt' /;"n / hf] dg'iox¿n] pgsf] ;fy O{dfg NofP, pgLx¿n] cfˆgf] hfg /
k|f0fsf] ;fy h]xfb u/], ltg}nfO{ efnfO / ;kmntf 5 .. / cNnfxn] pgLx¿sf Åbodf df]x/
nufOlbof], ctM pgLx¿n] hfGb}gg\ .. —d+lhn @÷l;kf/f !)÷( ;"/M ct–tf}af÷cfot **, (# ..
;dLIfs— ca x]g'{xf];\ dtnal;Gw'sf] s'/f Û ls ltg} enf x'g\ h;n] d'xDdb ;fx]asf] ;fy
O{dfg NofP / h;n] NofpFb}gg\ tL b'i6 x'g\ Û s] of] s'/f] kIfkft / cljBfn] el/Psf] 5}g < ha v'bfn]
g} df]x/ nufOlbof] eg] t pgsf ck/fw kfk ug{df sf]xL klg 5}gg\ . lsGt' v'bfsf] g} ck/fw xf],
lsgeg] tL lar/fx¿nfO{ enfOn] Åbodf df]x/ nufOlbP/ /f]lslbof], of] slt 7"nf] cGofo xf] ..(#..
d"n—($— ltdLn] pgsf v}/ftsf] dfn bfg lnP/ leq–aflx/af6 kljq u/, / To;af6
pgLx¿nfO{ ;'wf/ u/ / pgsf] b'cf u/ . lg:;Gb]x ltd|f] b'cf pgsf] nflu ;j{yf kl/tf]if x'G5 ..
lg:;Gb]x cNnfxn] df]ldgx¿l;taf6 pgLx¿sf] k|f0f / pgLx¿sf] dfn o;sf] abnfdf lsg]sf] 5 ls
pgLx¿sf nflu hÌt 5, pgLx¿ cNnfxsf] dfu{df n8\b5g\, k]ml/ pgLx¿n] dfb{5g\ klg dfl/+b}
hfG5g\ klg .. —d+lhn @÷l;kf/f !!÷( ;"/M ct–tf}af÷cfot !)#, !!! ..
 ;dLIfs— jfx hL Û jfx d'xDdb ;fx]a Û ltdLn] t uf]s'lno] / u';f+O{sf] a/fa/L s/ lnof}
lsgeg] pgLx¿sf] dfn lng' / pgLx¿nfO{ u'Ktdf kljq ug'{ oxL s'/f t u';f+O{x¿ xf] . jfx v'bf
hL Û ltdLn] clt /fd|f] ;f}bflu/L nufof} ls d';ndfgx¿sf] xftaf6 cGo u/Lax¿sf] k|f0f lng' g}
nfe ;lDemof} / tL cgfyx¿nfO{ d/fP/ tL lgb{oL dg'iox¿nfO{ :ju{ lbgfn] , bof / Gofob]lv
d';ndfgx¿sf] v'bf xft wf]P/ a:of] / cfˆgf] v'bfOdf snÍ nufP/ a'l4dfg\ wfld{sx¿df 3[l0ft
x'g uof] ..($..
d"n—(%— P] dfG5]x¿ xf] Û h;n] O{dfg NofPsf 5f}, oL sflkm/;Fu o'4 u/ hf] ltd|f cf;–
kf;df 5g\, pgLx¿nfO{ ltdLx¿n] leq}af6 s7f]/tf lgsfn]/ bafpg" .. s] logLx¿n] b]v]sf 5}gg\ ls
pgLx¿nfO{ k|ltjif{ Ps k6s jf b'O{ k6s hfFrdf xfNg] ul/G5 tfklg g t tf}af ub{5g\ g t
r]Tb5g\ .. —d+lhn @÷l;kf/f !!÷( ;"/M ct–tf}af÷cfot !@#, !@^ ..
;dLIfs— x]g'{xf];\ Û of] klg Pp6f ljZjf;3ftsf] s'/f v'bfn] d';ndfgx¿nfO{ l;sfpF5 ls
rfx] l5d]sL xf];\ jf s;}sf] gf]s/ xf];\, ha cj;/ kfpF5f}+ ta g} n8fO{ jf 3ft ug]{ . o:tf] s'/fx¿
d';ndfgaf6 w]/} lgl:sPsf] 5, sf/0f o;} s'/fgsf] n]vn] ubf{ xf], ca t oL d';ndfgx¿n] a'e]m/
o:tf] s'/fgsf] b'i6tfnfO{ 5f]l8lbPdf t clt /fd|f] x'g]5 ..(%..
d"n—(^— lgZro ltd|f] k/j/lbuf/ cNnfx xf] h;n] cfsfz / wtL{nfO{ 5M lbgdf /rgf
u¥of], k]ml/ Tof] l;+xf;gdf lj/fhdfg eP/ Joj:yf rnfO/x]sf] 5 ..
—d+lhn #÷l;kf/f !!÷!) ;"/M o"g;÷cfot # ..
;dLIfs— s] cNnfxn] ltd|f] lgTo ;]jf ub{5 < cfsfz Ps / lagf agfPsf] cgflb xf] .
To;nfO{ agfpg' n]Vgfn] of] lgZro x'G5 ls Tof] s'/fgsf] stf{ kbfy{ljBfnfO{ hfGb}gYof] < s]
k/d]Zj/sf] cufl8 5M lbg;Dd agfpg'kg]{ x'G5 < ha ls s'/fgdf cNnfxn] æo:tf] eOhfÆ eGbf
t'?Gt} e}xfNg] s'/f 7fpF–7fpFdf n]lvPsf] 5 . k]ml/ 5M lbg s]sf] nflu nfUof] < of] ;a} e'm6f] xf] . olb
Tof] Jofks x'GYof] eg] t l;+xf;gdf s;/L lj/fhdfg x'GYof] < / dfdnfx¿sf] Joj:yf ug]{ sfddf t
7Ls ltd|f] v'bf dg'iosf] ;dfg 5, olb ;j{1 x'GYof] eg] t al;–al; s] /ˆkmf–8ˆkmf uYof]{ < o;}af6
ljlbt x'G5 ls O{Zj/nfO{ ghfÌ]x¿n] cyf{t\ hËnL dg'iox¿n] of] k':ts agfP xf]nfg\ ..(^..
d"n—(&— d';ndfgx¿sf] nflu cNnfxsf] tk{maf6 pkb]z, /f]u lgjf/0f, dfu{bz{g / bof
cfO;s]sf] 5 .. —d+lhn #÷l;kf/f !!÷!) ;"/M o"g;÷cfot %& ..
;dLIfs— s] Tof] v'bf s]jn d';ndfgx¿ dfq}sf] xf] < c¿sf] xf]Og < kIfkftL x'G5 olb
d';ndfgx¿nfO{ dfq} bof ub{5 eg], olb d';ndfg O{dfGbf/x¿nfO{ eGb5g\ eg] t pgLx¿sf] nflu
lzIffsf] cfjZostf g} 5}g / d';ndfgx¿b]lv leÌnfO{ pkb]z ub}{g eg] t v'bfsf] ljBf g} Joy{
eof] ..(&..
d"n—(*— p;sf] l;+xf;g kfgLdf lyof], tfls ltd|f] k/LIff lnof];\ ls s;n] /fd|f] sfd ub{5,
/ olb ltdLn] eg ls d/]kl5 ltdLx¿nfO{ lrxfgaf6 p7fOg]5, ta t e'm§f agfpg]jfnfx¿n]
eÌ]5g\ ls of] t v'Nndv'Nnf hfb' xf] .. —d+lhn #÷l;kf/f !!÷!! ;"/M x"b÷cfot & ..
;dLIfs— ha kfgLdfly v'bfsf] l;+xf;g 5 eg] t Tof] Psb]zL x'gfn] v'bf g} aÌ ;Sb}g /
ha sd{x¿sf] k/LIff ub{5 eg] t ;j{1 xf]Og . / h'g d[To'kl5 p7fpF5 eg] t bf}8f;'k'b{ -lrxfgsf]
s'/fOdf_ /fVb5 / h'g ls …d]/sf hLljt gxf]pmg\Ú cfˆgf] o:tf] lgodnfO{ tf]8\b5 . o;n] v'bfnfO{
snlÍt ub{5 ..(*..
d"n—((— / elgof] ls P] k[YjL, cfˆgf] kfgL lglnb] / P] cfsfz tF yfldg hf, / kfgL ;'Sof]
clg dfdnfsf] lg0f{o eof] / gf}sf kxf8df cl8of] / elgof] ls 6f9f eP;\ cTofrf/Lx¿sf sf}d .. /
P] d]/f sf}d, of] cNnfxsL pFm6gL ltd|f] nflu Ps lgzfgL xf], ctM o;nfO{ 5f]l8b]cf] ls o;n]
cNnfxsf] e"lddf r/f];\ / o;nfO{ s;}n] si6 gk'¥ofpg', cGoyf cltzL3| ltdLnfO{ oftgfn]
kqmg]5 .. —d+lhn #÷l;kf/f !!÷!! ;"/M x"b÷cfot $$, ^$ ..
;dLIfs— s:tf] aRrfsf]h:tf] s'/f 5 Û k[YjL / cfsfzn] slxNo} s'/f ;'Ì ;Sb5g\ < jfx hL
jfx Û v'bfsL pFm6gL klg 5 eg] t pFm6 klg xf]nf < ta xfQL, 3f]8f, uwf cflb klg xf]nfg\ < /
v'bfn] pFm6gLnfO{ v]tdf r/fpg] slt /fd|f] s'/f xf] < s] pFm6gLdf ;jf/L klg ub{5 < olb o:t} xf]
eg] t gjfaLsf] h:t} 3;8–k;8 v'bfsf] 3/df klg eof] ..((..
 d"n—!))— jxfF ltgLx¿ ;b}j /xg]5g\, ha;Dd cfsfz / wtL{ l:y/ /xG5g\, s'/f] of] xf] ls
ltd|f] v'bfsf] g} OR5f rNg]5, ltd|f] cNnfxn] h] rfxG5 ToxL ub{5 .. /xg]5g\ tL hf] efUozfnL
x'g]5g\ hÌtdf x'g]5g\, hxfF ltgLx¿ ;b}j /xg]5g\ / pkxf/sf] qmd 6'6\g]5}g ..
—d+lhn #÷l;kf/f !@÷!! ;"/M x"b÷cfot !)*, !)( ..
;dLIfs— ha bf]hv -g/s_ / alxZt -:ju{_ df sofdtsf] kZrft\ ;a} hgf hfg]5g\ k]ml/
cfsfz / k[YjL s;sf] nflu x'g]5 < ha :ju{ / g/s, cfsfz / wtL{ /x'Gh]n;Ddsf] cjlw xf] eg]
t …;bf /xg]5g\ :ju{ jf g/sdfÚ, of] s'/f] e'm§f eof] . o:tf] syg cljåfg\x¿sf] x'G5, O{Zj/ jf
ljåfg\x¿sf] xf]Og ..!))..
d"n—!)!— ha o";'kmn] cfˆgf] lktf ofs"al;t eGof] ls cAafhfg, d}n] :jKgdf P3f/ tf/f,
;"o{ / rGb|df b]v]+ . dnfO{ ltgLx¿n] gdg ul//fv]sf lyP ..
—d+lhn #÷l;kf/f !@÷!@ ;"/M o";'km÷cfot $ b]lv %& ;Dd ..
;dLIfs— o; k|s/0fdf lktf k'qsf] ;+jfb¿k ls:;f–syf el/Psf] 5, o;}n] s'/fg O{Zj/n]
agfPsf] xf]Og . s'g} dg'ion] dg'iox¿sf] Oltxf; n]lvlbPsf] 5 ..!)!..
d"n—!)@— cNnfx g} xf] h;n] cfsfznfO{ dfly p7fof] lagf vfFaf]sf], h;nfO{ ltdLn]
b]lv/x]sf 5f}, k]ml/ pm cfˆgf] l;+xf;gdf cf;Lg eof] / p;n] ;"o{ / rGb|dfnfO{ Pp6f lgoddf
afFlwlbof], k|To]s Ps lgot ;dodf rNb5g\, cNnfxn] g} k|To]s sfo{sf] Joj:yf ub{5 .. cNnfxn]
cfsfzaf6 kfgL ptf¥of], k]ml/ gfnf cf–cfˆgf] Ifdtfn] aUg yfn] .. cNnfxn] h;nfO{ rfxG5
hLljsf clws lbG5 / h;sf] nflu rfxG5 ;+s'lrt ul/lbG5 ..
—d+lhn #÷l;kf/f !#÷!# ;"/M c/–/cb÷cfot @, !&, @^ ..
;dLIfs— d';ndfgx¿sf] v'bfn] kbfy{ljBfnfO{ slQ klg hfGb}gYof] . olb hfGbYof] eg] t
cfsfznfO{ vfFaf] nufpg] syf u'?Tj gx'gfn] s]xL klg cfjZostf lyPg . olb v'bf :ju{¿k Ps
:yfgdf /xG5 eg] t Tof] ;j{zlQmdfg\ / ;j{Jofks x'g ;Sb}g . / olb v'bfn] d]3ljBfnfO{ hfGbYof]
eg] t …cfsfzaf6 kfgL ptf¥of]Ú n]lvof], k'gM of] lsg n]lvPg ls …k[YjLaf6 kfgL dfly r9fOof] .Ú
o;af6 lgZro x'G5 ls s'/fgnfO{ agfpg]jfnf d]3ljBfsf] klg hfgsf/ lyPg . / h;n] lagf /fd|f–
g/fd|f sfdx¿sf] ;'v–b'Mv lbG5 eg] t kIfkftL lg/If/ e§ xf] ..!)@..
d"n—!)#— cNnfxn] h;nfO{ rfxG5 kye|i6 kfl/lbG5 / p;n] cfˆgf] dfu{ To;nfO{ b]vfpF5,
h;n] p;lt/ Wofg nufpF5 . —d+lhn #÷l;kf/f !#÷!# ;"/M c/–/cb÷cfot @& ..
;dLIfs— ha cNnfxn] g} kye|i6 kfb{5 eg] t v'bf / z}tfgdf s] km/s /Xof] < ha ls
z}tfg bf];|fnfO{ e|ldt cyf{t\ e6\sfpgfn] b'i6 elgG5 eg] t, v'bfn] klg To:t} sfd ugf{n] b'i6
z}tfg lsg ePg < / e|ldt kfgf{sf] kfkn] g/sL lsg x'g' kb}{g < ..!)#..
d"n—!)$— o;} k|sf/ d}n] o; s'/fgnfO{ Ps cfb]zsf] x}l;otn] c/aL efiffdf ptf/]+ . ca
olb ltdL To; 1fgsf] kZrft\ klg, h'g ltdLn] kfO;s]sf 5f}, pgLx¿sf OR5fx¿sf] k5fl8 rNof}
eg] t cNnfxsf] t'ngfdf g t ltd|f] s'g} ;xfos ldq x'g]5 / g sf]O{ arfpg]jfnf .. d}n] h'g jfbf
pgLx¿;Fu u/]sf]5' rfx] To;af6 d}n] ltdLnfO{ s]xL efu b]vfOlbpFm, of ltdLnfO{ d[To' lbpFm, ltd|f]
bfloTj t s]jn ;Gb]z k'¥ofpg' xf], lx;fa lng] t d]/f] lhDdf xf] ..
—d+lhn #÷l;kf/f !#÷!# ;"/M c/–/cb÷cfot #&, $) ..
;dLIfs— s'/fg stflt/af6 ptfl/of] < s] v'bf dfly /xG5 < olb of] s'/f] ;fFrf] xf] eg] t
Tof] Psb]zL x'gfn] O{Zj/ g} x'g ;Sb}g, lsgeg] O{Zj/ t ;a} 7]ufgdf Ps/; Jofks 5 . ;Gb]z
k'¥ofpg' t x'nfsLsf] sfd xf] / xNsf/fsf] cfjZostf p;}nfO{ x'G5 hf] dg'iojt\ Psb]zL xf] . /
lx;fa lng'–lbg' klg dg'iosf] sfd xf], O{Zj/sf] xf]Og, lsgeg] pm ;j{1 5 . of] lgZro x'G5 ls
s'g} cNk1 dg'ion] s'/fg agfPsf] xf] ..!)$..
d"n—!)%— ;"o{ / rGb| ltd|f] nflu sfo{/t u¥of] / lgot ljwfgsf] cwLg lg/Gt/
3'ld/xG5g\ .. dg'io a8f] cGofoL / kfkL -s[t£g_ 5 ..
—d+lhn #÷l;kf/f !#÷!$ ;"/M Oa|fxLd÷cfot ##, #$ ..
;dLIfs— s] rGb|, ;"o{ ;bf 3'Db5g\ / k[YjL 3'Db}g < olb k[YjL g3'Dg] xf] eg] t sof}+ jif{sf]
lbg / /ft x'g]5 . / hf] dg'io lgZro cGofo / kfk ug]{jfnf 5 eg] t s'/fgaf6 lzIff lng' Joy{
x'G5 . lsgeg] h;sf] :jefj kfk g} ug{df 5 eg] t pgLx¿df k'0ofTdf slxNo} x'Fb}g, / ;+;f/df
k'0ofTdf / kfkfTdf ;bf b]lvG5g\, o;}n] o:tf] s''/f O{Zj/s[t k':tssf] x'g ;Sb}g . oxfF oL b'O6} zAb
Psfy{ jfrs x'gfn] k'g?Qm eof], k'g?Qm eg]sf] k|dQ jfSo x'G5 ..!)%..
d"n—!)^— ha d}n] To;nfO{ k"/f agfpg]5' / To;df cfˆgf] cfTdfaf6 k|f0f k'mlslbg]5' ta
ltdL p;sf] nflu ;hbf -gdg_ df lgx'/Fb} e'mSg' .. t/ klg kml/Ztfn] gdg u/] .. k/Gt' OanL;n]
u/]g .. OanL;n] eGof], P] cNnfx h;/L t}+n] dnfO{ e|ldt -u'd/fx_ kfl/;\, p;} k|sf/ wtL{df
logLx¿sf] nflu ;';lHht u/]/ ;a}nfO{ kye|i6 -e|ldt_ kfg]{5' ..
—d+lhn #÷l;kf/f !$÷!% ;"/M cn–lxh|÷cfot @(, #), #!, #( b]lv $^ ;Dd ..
;dLIfs— olb v'bfn] cfˆgf] ¿x -kljqfTdf_ cfbd ;fx]adf xfn]sf] lyof] eg] t, Tof] klg
v'bf eof] / Tof] v'bf lyPg eg] t, ;hbf cyf{t\ gd:sf/flb elQm ug{df cfˆgf] z/Ls lsg u¥of] <
ha z}tfgnfO{ e|ldt kfg]{jfnf v'bf g} xf] eg] t z}tfgsf] klg z}tfg 7"nf] bfh' , u'? lsg ePg <
lsgeg] ltdLx¿n] axsfpg]jfnfnfO{ z}tfg dfGb5f} eg] t v'bfn] klg z}tfgnfO{ axsfof] / k|ToIf
z}tfgn] eGof] ls d}n] axsfpg]5' k]ml/ klg, To;nfO{ ;dft]/ b08 lbP/ lsg s}b u/]g < / lsg
df/]g ..!)^..
d"n—!)&— p;n] dfG5]nfO{ Ps k6s yf]kf -jLo{_ af6 pTkÌ u¥of] .. d}n] x/ ;d'bfodf sf]O{
g sf]O{ k}uDa/ k7fPF tfls cNnfxsf] pkf;gf u/ / z}tfg;Fuaf6 ar .. ha d}n] s'g} rLhsf] ;ÍNk
ub{5', clg of] eGb5' ls æeOhfÆ, ta Tof] e}xfNb5 ..
—d+lhn #÷l;kf/f !$÷!^ ;"/M cg–Ùt÷cfot $, #^, $) ..
;dLIfs— o;af6 Ps hGd l;4 x'G5, k/Gt' o;df a8f] ef/L e'n 5, lsgeg] hGd cg]s
x'G5g\ . ha hLj cgflb xf] eg] To;sf] u'0f, sd{, :jefj klg cgflb x'G5, To;sf] kmn ef]u klg
cgflbb]lv g} rn]/ cfPsf] x'G5, kZrft\ Ps hGdnfO{ dfÌ Joy{ 5 . o;sf] ljz]if ;+jfb gjd
;d'Nnf;df x]g'{xf]nf . olb ;a} sf}d -;d'bfo_ x¿df k}uDa/ k7fPsf x'g\ eg] t, ;a} hgf pg}
k}uDa/sf] /fodf rNb5g\ eg] t k]ml/ tL sflkm/ lsg < s] bf];|f k}uDa/sf] dfGo x'Fb}g l;jfo ltd|f
k}uDa/sf] < of] ;j{yf kIfkftsf] s'/f xf] . olb ;a} b]zx¿df k}uDa/ k7fof} eg] t cfof{jt{df
s'grflx+ k}uDa/ k7fof} < To;}n] of] s'/f] dfÌ of]Uo 5}g . ha v'bfn] rfxG5 / eGb5 ls k[YjL
æeOhfÆ . Tof] h8n] slxNo} klg ;'Ì ;Sb}g, v'bfsf] x's'd s;/L nfu' x'g ;Sb5 < / l;jfo v'bfsf]
bf];|f] rLhnfO{ dfGb}gf} eg] t Tof] s'/fnfO{ ;'Gof] s;n] < / ToxfF aÌ sf] uof] < of] ;a} cljBfsf
s'/f x'g\, o:tf s'/fnfO{ d"9x¿n] dfq} dfGb5g\ ..!)&..
d"n—!)*— / ltgLx¿n] cNnfxsf] nflu 5f]/Lx¿ kSsf ub{5g\, o;}n] dxfg\ / kljq 5g\
ltgLx¿ / cfˆgf] nflu hf] Tof] dgn] rfxG5 .. s;d cNnfxsf], d}n] ltdL eGbf klxnf ljleÌ sf}d
-;d'bfo_ x¿lt/ k}uDa/ k7fPF .. —d+lhn #÷l;kf/f !$÷!^ ;"/M cg–Ùt÷cfot %&, ^# ..
;dLIfs— cNnfxn] 5f]/Lx¿l;t s] ug]{5 < 5f]/Lx¿ t s'g} dg'ionfO{ rflxG5, lsg 5f]/fx¿
lgot -kSsf_ ul/+b}g / 5f]/Lx¿nfO{ lgot ul/G5 < o;sf] s] sf/0f xf] < atfpg'xf]; \ < s;d vfg'
e'm6fx¿sf] sfd xf], v'bfsf] xf]Og . lsgeg] ax'wf ;+;f/df b]Vgdf of] cfpF5 ls hf] e'm6f] x'G5 p;}n]
s;d vfg] ub{5, ;fFrf]n] lsg zky vfg] < ..!)*..
d"n—!)(— oL tL dfG5]x¿ x'g\ ls cNnfxn] logsf] dgdf, sfgdf / cfFvfdf df]x/ -5fk_
nufOlbPsf] 5, / oL dfG5]x¿ k"0f{tM lgZr]t 5g\ .. h'g lbg k|To]s JolQmn] cfˆg} kIfdf af]Nb}
hfg]5 / k|To]s JolQmnfO{ p;n] u/]sf] k"/f abnf ldNg]5 / pgLx¿dfly cTofrf/ cGofo ul/g]5}g ..
—d+lhn #÷l;kf/f !$÷!^ ;"/M cg–Ùt÷cfot !)*, !!! ..
;dLIfs— ha v'bfn] g} df]x/ nufOlbof] eg] t tL lar/f lagf ck/fw dfl/P lsgeg]
pgLx¿nfO{ k/fwLg ul/of], of] slt 7"nf] ck/fw xf] < / k]ml/ eGb5g\ ls h;n] hlt u/]sf] 5 Tolt
g} pgLx¿nfO{ lbOg]5, Go"gflws xf]Og . enf Û pgLx¿n] :jtGqfn] kfk ub}{ u/]gg\ lsGt' v'bfn]
u/fpgfn] u/]sf x'g\, k'gM pgLx¿sf] ck/fw g} ePg, pgLx¿nfO{ kmn ldNg'x'Fb}g . o;sf] kmn
v'bfnfO{ ldNg plrt x'G5 . olb k"/f lbOG5 eg] t, Ifdf s'g s'/fsf] nflu ul/G5 < olb Ifdf ul/G5
eg] t Gofo p8\b5 . o:tf] u8a8fWofosf] s'/f] O{Zj/sf] slxNo} klg x'g ;Sb}g, lsGt' lga'{l4
5f]s/x¿sf] x'G5 ..!)(..
d"n—!!)— olb ltdLx¿ p;} k"j{gLltdf klN6df¥of} eg] t xfdLn] klg ToxL ug]{5f}+ / xfdLn]
g/snfO{ sflkm/x¿sf] nflu sf/fuf/ agfOlbPsf5f}+ .. / xfdLn] k|To]s dg'iosf] efUo To;sf] 3fF6Ldf
afFlwlbPsf 5f}+, / xfdLn] sofdtsf] lbg To;sf] nflu Pp6f lstfa lgsfNg]5f}+ h;nfO{ To;n]
vf]lnPsf] kfpg]5 .. / g"xsf] kl5 xfdLn] sof}+ sf}d -gZn_ x¿nfO{ gi6 ul/lbof}+ / t]/f] cNnfx
kof{Kt 5 cfˆgf aGw'x¿sf] kfknfO{ hfÌsf] nflu / pgLx¿nfO{ b]Vgsf] nflu ..
—d+lhn $÷l;kf/f !%÷!& ;"/M cn–O;|÷cfot *, !#, !& ..
;dLIfs— olb sflkm/ ltgLx¿ g} x'g\ s'/fg, k}uDa/ / s'/fgn] atfPsf] v'bf, ;ftf}+ cfsfz /
gdfh cflbnfO{ gdfÌ]jfnf log}sf] nflu sf/fuf/ -bf]hv_ xf] eg] t, of] s'/f s]jn kIfkftsf]
7xl/G5 . s] s'/fgnfO{ dfÌ]x¿ dfq} ;a} 7Ls / cGonfO{ dfÌ]jfnfx¿ ;a} a]7Ls x'g ;Sb5g\ < of]
a8f] n8skgsf] s'/f xf] ls p;sf] 3fF6Ldf sd{sf] n]v v'bfn] n]lvlbof] . of] s'/f] ;j{yf lj?4 5,
lsgeg] ub{gsf] g;f–g;f / xf8–xf8 x]/] klg s]xL klg n]lvPsf] kfpFb}g, / sofdtsf] /ftdf v'bfn]
lgsfNg] lstfa cfhef]ln sxfF 5 < s] ;fx"n] n]g–b]gsf] lx;fa n]v]e}+m n]lv/fVb5 < xf] oxfF of]
ljrf/ ug'{kb{5 ls olb k"j{ hGd 5}g eg] t, hLjx¿sf] sd{ g} x'g ;Sb}gg\ k]ml/ sd{sf] /]vf
stfaf6 n]v]/ 3fF6Ldf aFwfof] < / olb lagf sd{sf] n]Vof] eg] t pgLx¿dfly cGofo u¥of] , lsgeg]
lagf /fd|f–g/fd|f sd{x¿sf] pgLx¿nfO{ b'Mv–;'v lsg lbof] < olb egf}nf ls v'bfsf] dhL{, To;f] eP
tfklg cGofo u¥of], cGofo To;}nfO{ eGb5g\ ls lagf /fd|f–g/fd|f sd{ gu/L b'Mv–;'v¿k kmn
Go"gflws lbg' . / To; ;dodf v'bfn] g} lstfa jfFRg] 5 ls c¿ sf]O{ ;l5d]sLn] ;'gfpg]5 < olb
v'bfn] g} bL3{sfn;Dd ;DaGwL hLjx¿nfO{ lagf ck/fw df¥of] eg] t, Tof] cGofosf/L x'g uof] . hf]
cGofosf/L x'G5 Tof] v'bf x'g ;Sb}g ..!!)..
d"n—!!!— / d}n] ;d"bnfO{ pFm6gL :ki6 k|df0fsf] ¿kdf k|bfg u/+] .. / t}+n] hlt e|ldt kfg{
;Sb5;\ kf/ .. To; lbgsf] nflu 8/fcf] h'g lbg d}n] k|To]s hTyfnfO{ p;sf] cfˆgf] gfossf]
;fydf af]nfpg]5', k]ml/ To;sf] sd{kq To;}sf] bflxg] xftdf lbOg]5 ..
—d+lhn $÷l;kf/f !%÷!& ;"/M cn– O;|÷cfot %(, ^$, &! ..
;dLIfs— jfx Û hlt v'bfsf] lgzfgL cfZro{ 5g\, tL dWo]df pFm6gL klg v'bfsf] x'gdf k|df0f
cyjf k/LIffdf ;fws 5 . olb v'bfn] g} z}tfgnfO{ axsfpgsf] nflu x's'd lbof] eg] t, v'bf g}
z}tfgsf] ;/bf/ / ;a} kfk ug]{jfnf 7xl/of], o:tf]nfO{ v'bf eÌ' dfq gf;demsf] s'/f xf] . ha
sofdtdf cyf{t\ k|nodf g} Gofo ug{–u/fpgsf] nflu k}uDa/ / pgsf pkb]z dfÌ]jfnfx¿nfO{
v'bfn] af]nfpF5 eg], ha;Dd k|no x'g]5}g ta;Dd ;a} bf}8f ;'k'b{ /xg] / bf}8f;'k'b{ -s'/fOdf_
;a}nfO{ b'Mvbfos x'G5, ha;Dd Gofo ul/+b}g . o;}n] zL3| Gofo ug'{ GofowLzsf] pQd sfd xf] . of]
t kf]kfFafO{sf] Gofo 7xl/of] . h:t} s'g} GofofwLzn] eGb5 ls ha;Dd krf; jif{;Ddsf rf]/ /
;fx"sf/ hDdf x'Fb}gg\, ta;Dd pgLx¿nfO{ b08 jf k|lti7f ug'{x'Fb}g, To:t} g} of] eof] ls Ps t
krf; jif{;Dd bf}8f ;'k'b{df /Xof] / Pp6fnfO{ cfh} ;dfltof], o:tf] Gofosf] sfd x'g ;Sb}g . Gofo
t j]b / dg':d[ltdf x]/ h;df If0fdfq klg ljnDa x'Fb}g / cfˆgf]–cfˆgf] sdf{g';f/ b08 jf k|lti7f
;bf kfO/fVb5g\ . bf];|f k}uDa/x¿nfO{ ujfxL -;fIfL_ sf] t'No /fVgfn] O{Zj/sf] ;j{1tfsf] xflg
x'G5 . o:tf] k':ts O{Zj/s[t / o:tf k':tssf pkb]z ug]{jfnf O{Zj/ slxNo} x'g ;Sb5 < slxNo}
x'Fb}g ..!!!..
d"n—!!@— o:t} dfG5]x¿sf nflu :ju{df ;bfaxf/ au}+rf 5 . pgLx¿sf tn gx/ alu/x]sf
x'g]5g\ . jxfF pgLx¿nfO{ ;'gsf] uxgf klx/fOg]5 clg kftnf / uf9f /]zdL kf]zfs nufpg]5g\ /
pFrf vf6x¿df u2f / lz/fgL /flvPsf] x'g]5 . slt /fd|f] abnf -k'0o_ / slt /fd|f] lj>fd:yn ..
—d+lhn $÷l;kf/f !%÷!* ;"/M cn–sxkm÷cfot #! ..
;dLIfs— jfx hL jfx Û s'/fgsf] s:tf] :ju{ 5 h;df au}+rf, uxgf, j:q, u2L, lz/fgL
cfgGbsf] nflu 5g\ . enf Û sf]O{ a'l4dfg\ oxfF ljrf/ u/f];\ t oxfF eGbf jxfF d';ndfgx¿sf]
au}+rfdf clws s]xL klg 5}g l;jfo cGofosf] . Tof] of] xf] ls sd{ pgLx¿sf cGtjfnf / kmn
pgLx¿sf cgGtjfnf, k]ml/ h;n] dL7f] k|ltlbg vfG5 eg] t s]xL lbgdf g} To;nfO{ ljifh:tf] k|tLt
x'g yfNb5, o;}u/L ha ;bf ltgLx¿n] ;'v ef]Ug]5g\ eg] t, pgLx¿nfO{ ;'v g} b'Mv¿k x'g hfg]5,
o;}n] dxfsNk ko{Gt d'lQm;'v ef]u]/ k'gh{Gd kfpg' g} ;To l;4fGt xf] ..!!@..
d"n—!!#— / oL gu/ -a:tL_ x¿ x'g\ h;nfO{ xfdLn] gi6 ul/lbof}+, ha ls ltgLx¿
cTofrf/L x'g uP / d}n] pgLx¿sf] ljgfzsf] nflu Ps ;do lgwf{l/t u/]sf] lyPF ..
—d+lhn $÷l;kf/f !%÷!* ;"/M cn–sxkm÷cfot %( ..
 ;dLIfs— enf Û a:tLe/L k"/fsf k"/f slxNo} kfkL x'g ;Sb5g\ < / kl5af6 k|lt1f ugf{n]
O{Zj/ ;j{1 /x]g, lsgeg] ha pgLx¿sf] cTofrf/ b]Vof] ta g} k|lt1f u¥of], klxnf hfGb}gYof] .
o;}n] bofxLg klg 7xl/of] ..!!#..
d"n—!!$— / 5f]/fsf] dfdnf of] lyof] ls p;sf dftf–lktf O{dfgdf lyP, dnfO{ ;Gb]x eof]
ls Tof] a9]/ 7"nf] ePkl5 cfˆgf] ljb|f]x / cj1fn] pgLx¿nfO{ si6 k'¥ofpg]5 .. oxfF;Dd ls Tof]
;"of{:t x'g] :yfg;Dd k'Uof], p;n] ;"o{nfO{ b]Vof] ls Tof] d}nf] sfnf] kfgLdf 8'Ab} lyof] / To;nfO{
ToxfF Pp6f hTyf ldNof] .. pgLx¿n] eg] ls P] h'ns/g}g Û lgZro ofh"h / dfh"hn] k[YjLdf pTkft
dRrfpF5g\ .. —d+lhn $÷l;kf/f !^÷!* ;"/M cn–sxkm÷cfot *), *^, ($ ..
;dLIfs— enf Û of] v'bfsf] slt a];demkgf xf] Û zÍfn] 8/fof] ls of] s]6fn] st} cfˆgf]
cfdf–a'afnfO{ d]/f] dfu{b]lv axsfP/ pNn‹g ul/lbg ;Sb5 . of] s'g} xfntn] klg O{Zj/sf] s'/f x'g
;Sb}g . ca cufl8sf] cljBfsf] s'/f x]g'{xf];\ ls o; lstfanfO{ agfpg]jfnfn] ;"o{nfO{ Pp6f tfndf
/flqdf 8'Ab} u/]sf] hfGb5, k]ml/ k|ftMsfn lgSnG5 . enf Û ;"o{ t k[YjLb]lv sof}+ u'0ff 7"nf] 5, Tof]
gbL jf tfn jf ;d'b|df s;/L 8'Ag ;Sb5 < o;af6 of] ljlbt x'G5 ls s'/fgnfO{ agfpg]jfnf;Fu
e"uf]n / vuf]nsf] ljBf lyPg . olb x'GYof] eg] t o:tf] ljBflj?4 s'/f lsg n]VYof] < / o;
k':tsnfO{ dfÌ]jfnfx¿;Fu klg ljBf 5}g . olb x'GYof] eg] t o:tf] ldYof s'/fx¿n] o'Qm k':tsnfO{
lsg dfGb5g\ < ca x]g'{xf];\ v'bfsf] cGofo Û cfk}m g} k[YjLnfO{ agfpg]jfnf /fhf GofofwLz xf] /
ofh"h dfh"hnfO{ k[YjLdf bËf–km;fb klg ug{ lbG5 . of] O{Zj/sf] s'/fb]lv lj?4 5 . o;}n] o;
k':tsnfO{ hËnL dfG5]x¿n] dfÌ] ub{5g\, ljåfg\n] xf]Og ..!!$..
d"n—!!%— / lstfadf dl/odsf] j0f{g u/, ha ls Tof] cfˆgf dfG5]x¿b]lv cnu eP/ k"jL{
:yfgdf hfFbL eO{ .. k]ml/ p;n] cfk"mnfO{ kbf{df /fvL / d}n] p;nfO{ Pp6f kml/Ztf k7fOlbPF h'g
p;sf] ;fd'Ì] k"/f dg'io ag]/ pleof] .. dl/odn] egL, d}n] tFaf6 aRgsf] nflu s[kfn' cNnfxsf]
z/0f lnG5' olb tF cNnfxb]lv 8/fpF5;\ eg] .. p;n] eGof], dnfO{ ltd|f] cNnfxn] k7fPsf] xf] tfls
d}n] ltdLnfO{ Ps kljq k'q lbpFm .. dl/odn] egL ls daf6 s;/L k'q x'g]5 ha ls s'g} dg'ion]
dnfO{ 5f]Psf] klg 5}g / g t d j]Zof g} x"F .. ct dl/odn] To;sf] ue{ p7fO{ / To;nfO{ lnP/ Ps
b"/jtL{ :yfgdf hfFbL eO{ ..
—d+lhn $÷l;kf/f !^÷!( ;"/M dl/od÷cfot !^, !&, !*, !(, @), @@ ..
;dLIfs— ca a'l4dfgLx¿n] ljrf/ ug'{xf];\ ls kml/Ztf ;a} v'bfsf g} cfTdf -¿x_ x'g\ eg]
t, v'bfb]lv cnu kbfy{ x'g ;Sb}gg\ . / z}tfg klg gfkfs ¿x -ckljq cfTdf_ v'bfsf] g} xf] eg] t,
v'bf g} gfkfs eof] . olb o:t} xf] eg] t o:tf gfkfs v'bfsf eQm kfs -kljq_ s;/L x'g
;Sb5g\ < bf];|f] of] cGofo ls dl/od s'df/Lsf] k'q x'g', s;}sf] ;Ë ug{ rfxFb}gyL k/Gt' v'bfsf]
x's'daf6 kml/Ztfn] p;nfO{ anfTsf/ u/]/ ue{jtL agfOlbof], of] Gofob]lv lj?4 s'/f xf] . oxfF cGo
klg y'k|} c;Eotfsf s'/fx¿ n]lvPsf 5g\ ltgLx¿nfO{ n]Vg plrt ;lDemg ..!!%..
d"n—!!^— s] ltdLn] b]v]gf} ls d}n] sflkm/ -cj1fsf/L_ x¿dfly z}tfgnfO{ 5f]l8lbPsf] 5',
To;n] pgLx¿nfO{ cTolws axsfO/x]sf] 5 .. —d+lhn $÷l;kf/f !^÷!( ;"/M dl/od÷cfot *# ..
;dLIfs— ha v'bfn] g} z}tfnfO{ axsfpgsf] nflu k7fpF5 eg] t, axlsg]x¿sf] s]xL bf]if
x'g ;Sb}g, g pgLx¿nfO{ b08 g} x'g ;Sb5, g t z}tfgnfO{, lsgeg] of] ;a} v'bfsf] x's'daf6
ePsf] x'G5, o;sf] kmn v'bfnfO{ x'g'kb{5 . olb Tof] ;Rrf Gofosf/L xf] eg] t bf]hv -g/s_ sf] kmn
cfk}mn] ef]uf];\ / olb GofonfO{ 5f]8]/ cGofo u¥of] eg] t cGofosf/L eof] . cGofosf/LnfO{ g} kfkL
eGb5g\ ..!!^..
d"n—!!&— xf], h;n] tf}af ub{5, O{dfg NofpF5, enf] sd{ ub{5 / ;Gdfu{df /xG5 eg] t
To;sf] nflu d w]/} eGbf w]/} Ifdf ub{5' .. —d+lhn $÷l;kf/f !^÷@) ;"/M tfxf÷cfot *@ ..
;dLIfs— h'g tf}afn] kfk Ifdf ug]{ s'/f s'/fgdf n]lvPsf]5, Tof] ;a}nfO{ kfkL u/fpgsf]
nflu d2t xf] . lsgeg] kfkLx¿nfO{ kfk ug{sf] nflu o;af6 ;fx; w]/} a9\g]5 . o;}n] of] k':ts /
o;nfO{ agfpg]jfnf kfkLx¿nfO{ kfk u/fpgdf xf};nf a9fpg]jfnf xf] . o;}n] of] k':ts
k/d]Zj/s[t / o;df elgPsf] k/d]Zj/ klg x'g ;Sb}g ..!!&..
 d"n—!!*— h;nfO{ d}n] rfx]+ arfPF, / xb gf£g]x¿nfO{ d}n] gi6 ul/lbPF .. cNnfx,
l;+xf;gsf] :jfdL, tL s'/fx¿af6 kljq 5 h'g logLx¿n] aofg ub{5g\ .. / d}n] wtL{df kxf8 agfPF
ls logLx¿nfO{ lnP/ Tof] ge'msf];\ gxlNnof];\ ..
—d+lhn $÷l;kf/f !&÷@! ;"/M cn–clDaof÷cfot (, @@, #! ..
;dLIfs— x]g'{xf];\ bËf–km;fb n'6df/ Û ls h;nfO{ rfXof] df¥of] / h;nfO{ rfXof] arfof] .
/fd|f]–g/fd|f] sd{sf] ck]Iff s]xL klg ub}{g . ha ;ftf}+ cfsfzsf] u2Lsf] lgjf;L cNnfx xf] eg] t, Tof]
;a} hut\sf] ;|i6f, wtf{, 1ftf slxNo} x'g ;Sb}g . olb s'/fgnfO{ agfpg] jfnfn] k[YjLsf] 3'Dg] cflb
s'/f hfGbYof] eg] Tof] s'/f] slxNo} eÌ] lyPg ls kxf8x¿ /flvlbgfn] k[YjL xlNn+b}g . zÍf eof] ls
olb kxf8 g/fv]sf] eP t xlNng] lyof] Û oltefFlt eGbf klg e"sDkdf lsg xlNng k'Ub5g\ < ..!!*..
d"n—!!(— / Tof] dlxnf h;n] cfˆgf] ;tLTjnfO{ arfO{, ta d}n] p;leq cfˆgf] cfTdf
k'mlslbPF, To;nfO{ / To;sf] 5f]/fnfO{ ;f/f ;+;f/sf] nflu Ps lgzfgL agfOlbPF ..
—d+lhn $÷l;kf/f !&÷@! ;"/M cn–clDaof÷cfot (! ..
;dLIfs— o:tf] cZnLn s'/fx¿ v'bfsf] k':ts, v'bfsf] / ;Eo dg'iosf] klg x'g ;Sb}g .
ha ls dg'iox¿df o:tfvfn] s'/fx¿ n]Vg zf]egLo dflg+b}g eg] k/d]Zj/sf] ;fd'Ì] s;/L /fd| f] x'g
;Sb5 < o:tf s'/fn] s'/fg b"lift x'G5 . olb /fd|f s'/fx¿ x'Gy] eg] t clt k|z+;f x'GYof] h:tf]
j]bsf] ..!!(..
d"n—!@)— s] ltdLn] b]v]gf} cNnfxnfO{ g} gdg ub{5g\, tL ;a} hf] cfsfzdf 5g\ / wtL{df
5g\, / ;"o{, rGb|, tf/f, kxf8, j[If, hgfj/ / y'k|} dg'io .. lg:;Gb]x cNnfx tL dfG5]x¿nfO{, h;n]
O{dfg NofP / ltgLx¿n] /fd|f] sd{ u/], o:tf] au}+rfdf k|j]z u/fpg]5 ls h;sf] tn gx/ alu/x]sf]
x'g]5, jxfF ;'gsf / df]tLsf cfe"if0fn] lje"lift u/fOFg]5 / pgLx¿sf] kl/wfg -j:q_ /]zdL x'g]5 .. /
d]/f] 3/nfO{ kl/qmdf ug]{jfnfx¿, pleg]x¿ / e'mSg]x¿ / gdg ug]{x¿sf nflu kljq–;kmf /fVg" ..
k]ml/ pgLx¿n] d}nf] s'r}nf] b"/ u¿g\ / cfˆgf] efsn k"/f u¿g\ / o; k'/ftg -sbLd_ 3/sf]
kl/qmdf u¿g\ .. / k|To]s ;d'bfosf] nflu d}n] s'/afgLsf] ljwfg ul/lbPF, tfls pgLx¿n] tL
rf}kfodfly cNnfxsf] gfd lnpmg\ ..
—d+lhn $÷l;kf/f !&÷@@ ;"/M cn–xh÷cfot !*, @#, @^, #$ ..
;dLIfs— enf Û h'g h8 j:t' x'g\, ltgn] k/d]Zj/nfO{ hfÌ g} ;Sb}gg\, k]ml/ pgLx¿n]
To;sf] elQm s;/L ug{ ;Sb5g\ < o;}af6 of] k':ts O{Zj/s[t t slxNo} x'g ;Sb}g, lsGt' s'g}
e|fGtn] agfPsf] b]lvG5 . jfx Û a8f] c;n :ju{ 5, hxfF ;'g / df]tLsf uxgf / /]zdL n'uf nufpg
ldNg] . of] :ju{ oxfFsf /fhfx¿sf] dxn eGbf s]xL ljz]if b]lv+b}g . / ha k/d]Zj/sf] 3/ 5 eg] t,
Tof] To;} 3/df a:g] klg ub{5 xf]nf . k]ml/ a'Tk/:tL lsg ePg < / bf];|f a'Tk/:tx¿sf] v08g lsg
ub{5g\ < ha v'bfn] e]6L lnG5, cfˆgf] 3/sf] kl/qmdf ug{nfO{ cf1f lbG5 / kz'nfO{ df/]/ VjfpF5
eg] t, of] v'bf dlGb/jfnf / e}/j, b'uf{s} ;b[z eof] / dxfa'Tk/:tLnfO{ rnfpg]jfnf eof] . lsgeg]
d"lt{x¿ eGbf dl:hb 7"nf] a't\ xf] . o;}n] v'bf / d';ndfg 7"nf a'Tk/:t / k'/f0fL tyf h}gL ;fgf
a'Tk/:t eP ..!@)..
d"n—!@!— k]ml/ sofdtsf] lbg ltdLnfO{ lgZro g} p7fOFg]5 ..
—d+lhn $÷l;kf/f !*÷@# ;"/M cn–df]ldg"g÷cfot !^ ..
;dLIfs— sofdt;Dd d'bf{x¿ lrxfg -sa/_ d} /xFg]5g\ ls cGo 7fpFdf < olb jxL+ /xG5g\
eg] t ;8]/ b'u{Gw¿kL z/L/df /x]/ k'0ofTdfn] klg b'Mv ef]u ug]{5g\ < of] Gofo cGofo xf] . / b'u{Gw
clws eP/ /f]uf]TklQ u/fpgfn] v'bf / d';ndfg kfkefuL x'g]5g\ ..!@!..
d"n—!@@— To; lbg ha ls pgLx¿sf] d'vn] pgs} lj?4 ;fIfL lbg]5 / pgsf xft /
v'§fn] klg tL sd{x¿nfO{ h'g ls ltgLx¿n] ub{y] .. cNnfx cfsfz / k[YjLsf] k|sfzs xf], p;sf]
k|sfzsf] pbfx/0f o:tf] 5 ls— Ps tfs p;df Ps bLks 5, bLks Ps kfg;sf] leq 5 . kfg;
o:tf] 5 ls Ps rlDsnf] tf/f, Tof] h}t"gsf] Ps o:tf] lje"ltk"0f{ j[Ifsf] t]naf6 aflnG5, hf] g k"jL{
xf] g klZrdL, To;sf] t]n o:tf] 5 ls dfgf}+ lagf cfuf]n] 5f]P :jo+ aNb5, k|sfzsf] dfly k|sfz,
cNnfxn] cfˆgf] k|sfzsf] dfu{ b]vfpF5, h;nfO{ rfxG5 / cNnfx dg'iosf] nflu pbfx/0f aofg
ub{5 clg p;n] x/ rLhnfO{ hfGb5 ..
—d+lhn $÷l;kf/f !*÷@$ ;"/M cg–g"/÷cfot @$, #% ..
 ;dLIfs— xft v'§f cflb h8 x'gfn] slxNo} ujfxL -;fIfL_ lbg ;Sb}gg\, of] s'/f] ;[li6qmdb]lv
lj?4 x'gfn] ldYof xf] . s] v'bf cfufsf] lah'nL xf] < h:tf] b[i6fGt lbOPsf] 5, To:tf] b[i6fGt
O{Zj/df 36\g ;Sb}g . xf], s'g} ;fsf/ j:t'df 36\g ;Sb5 ..!@@..
d"n—!@#— / cNnfxn] k|To]s hLjwf/LnfO{ kfgLaf6 pTkÌ u¥of], k]ml/ tL dWo]df s'g} cfˆgf]
k]6sf] ;xf/fn] rNb5g\, s'g} b'O{ v'§fn], s'g} rf/ v'§fn], cNnfxn] k}bf ub{5 hf] p;n] rfxG5 .. / hf]
JolQm cNnfx / p;sf /;"nsf] cf1fkfng ub{5 / Tof] cNnfx;Fu 8/f];\ / p;sf] lj/f]wb]lv arf];\
t ;kmn x'g]5 .. eÌ' ls v'bf / /;"nsf] cf1f kfng u¥of} eg] t ltdLdfly bofn] jf; ug]{5 ..
—d+lhn $÷l;kf/f !*÷@$ ;"/M cg–g"/÷cfot $%, %@, %$, %^ ..
;dLIfs— of] s'grflx+ lkmnf];kmL xf] ls h'g hgfj/x¿sf] z/L/df ;a} tŒj b]lvG5g\ / eÌ]
ls s]jn kfgLaf6 pTkÌ u¥of] < of] s]jn cljBfsf] s'/f xf] . ha cNnfxsf] ;fy k}uDa/sf] ;]jf
ug{ elgPsf] 5 eg] t v'bfsf] z/Ls eof] ls ePg < olb o:t} xf] eg] t v'bfnfO{ nfz/Ls lsg
s'/fgdf n]lvof] / eGb5f} < ..!@#..
d"n—!@$— h'g lbg cfsfz Ps afbnsf] ;fydf kmf6\g]5 / kml/Ztfx¿ nuftf/ ptfl/g]
5g\ .. ctM ltdLn] sflkm/x¿sf] s'/f gdfg / s'/fgsf] dfWodaf6 pgLx¿;Fu eoÍ/ hf]8sf] tf]8n]
lhxfb -;+3if{_ u/ .. l;jfo To;sf] hf] lkm/]/ cfof] / O{dfg Nofof] clg /fd|f] sd{ u¥of], o:tf
hgx¿sf] g/fd|f sfdnfO{ /fd|f sfddf ablnlbg]5 .. / h;n] tf}a f u¥of] / /fd|f] sd{ u¥of] eg] t
lgZro g} Tof] JolQm cNnfxlt/ kmls{/x]5, h:tf] ls kms{g] xs 5 ..
—d+lhn $÷l;kf/f !(÷@% ;"/M cn–k'm/sfg÷cfot @%, %@, &), &! ..
;dLIfs— of] s'/f] slxNo} ;fFrf] x'g ;Sb}g ls cfsfz afbnsf] ;fydf kmf6\g]5 . olb cfsfz
sf]O{ d"lt{dfg\ kbfy{ xf] eg] t aNn kmf6\g ;Sb5 . of] d';ndfgx¿sf] s'/fg / v'bf zflGteË u/]/
cftlÍt kfb}{ emu8f dRrfpg]jfnf xf], To;}n] wfld{s ljåfg\x¿ o;nfO{ dfGb}gg\ . of] klg a8f] /fd|f]
Gofo eof] ls hf] kfk / k'0osf] x]/fk]m/L ul/lbg] < s] of] ltn / df;sf] h:tf] s'/f xf] h'g ;f6k]m/
ul/lbg] < olb tf}af ugf{n] kfk 5'6\g] / O{Zj/ ldNg] eP t s;}n] klg kfk ug{af6 8/fpg]5}g, o;}n]
oL ;a} s'/fx¿ ljBfb]lv lj?4 5g\ ..!@$..
d"n—!@%— / d}n] d";fnfO{ ;Gb]z k7fPF ls d]/f dfG5]x¿nfO{ lnP/ /ft}df lg:sg', lgZro g}
ltd|f] lk5f ul/g]5 .. ctM lkm/cf}gn] Psq ug]{jfnfx¿nfO{ b"t agfP/ gu/x¿df k7fof] .. h;n]
dnfO{ k}bf u¥of], p;}n] d]/f] dfu{bz{g ub{5 .. / p;}n] dnfO{ Vjfpg] lkofpg] ub{5 .. / ToxL xf]
hf];Fu d}n] cfzf /fVb5' ls sofdtsf] lbgdf d]/f] untLx¿nfO{ Ifdf ul/lbg]5 ..
—d+lhn %÷l;kf/f !(÷@^ ;"/M cz–z'cf/f÷cfot %@, %#, %$, &*, &( *@ ..
;dLIfs— ha v'bfn] d";flt/ ToxL k7fof] k'gM bfpmb, O{;f / d'xDdb ;fx]alt/ lstfa lsg
k7fof] < lsgeg] k/d]Zj/sf] s'/f ;bf Pp6} / lagf e'nr'ssf] x'G5 . / To;sf] k5fl8 s'/fg;Dd
k':tsx¿sf] ¿kdf k7fpg' klxnf] k':tsnfO{ ck"0f{, e'no'Qm dflgg]5 . olb oL tLg k':ts ;fFrf x'g \
eg] t of] s'/fg e'm6f] xf]nf . rf/} hgfsf] h'g ls k/:k/ k|foM lj/f]w /fVb5g\ pgLx¿sf] ;j{yf ;To
x'g g} ;Sb}g . olb v'bfn] ¿x cyf{t\ hLj k}bf u/]sf] xf] eg] t ltgLx¿ d/]/ klg hfg]5g\ cyf{t\
ltgLx¿sf] slxn] g slxn] cefj x'g klg hfg]5 . olb k/d]Zj/n] g} dg'ioflb k|f0fLx¿nfO{ Vjfpg]
lkofpg] ub{5 eg] t s;}nfO{ /f]u gx'g'kg]{ xf] / ;a}nfO{ t'No ef]hg lbg'kg]{ xf] . kIfkftn] PsnfO{
pQd / bf];|f]nfO{ lgs[i6 h:tf] ls /fhf / sËfnnfO{ >]i7 / lgs[i6 ef]hg ldNb5 o:tf] x'g'x'Fb}g .
ha k/d]Zj/ g} Vjfpg] lkofpg] / kYo u/fpg]jfnf xf] eg] t /f]u g} gx' g'kg]{ xf] k/Gt' d';ndfg
cflbnfO{ klg /f]u x'G5g\ . olb v'bfn] g} /f]unfO{ 5'6fP/ cf/fd u/fpg]jfnf xf] eg] t
d';ndfgx¿sf] z/L/df /f]u g/xg'kg]{ xf] . olb /xG5 eg] t v'bf k"/f j}B ePg . olb k"0f{j}B xf] eg]
t d';ndfgx¿sf] z/L/df /f]u lsg /xG5g\ < olb p;}n] dfg]{ / Ao'Ftfpg] ub{5 eg] t p;} v'bfnfO{
kfk k'0o nfUb5 xf]nf . olb hGd hGdfGt/sf] sdf{g';f/ Joj:yf ub{5 eg] t p;sf] s'g} klg
ck/fw 5}g . Tof] kfknfO{ Ifdf / Gofo sofdtsf] /ftdf ub{5 eg] t v'bf kfk a9fpg]jfnf eP/
kfko'Qm x'g]5 . olb Ifdf ub}{g eg] t of] s'/fgsf] s'/f e'm§f] ..!@%..
d"n—!@^— ltdL dfq dh:t} dg'io xf}, olb ltdL ;Rrf xf} eg] t s'g} lgzfgL NofP/
b]vfOb]pm .. ;fn]xn] eGof] of] Pp6f pFm6gL 5, o;sf] nflu kfgL lkpg] Pp6f kfnf] xf], / Pp6f
lgwf{l/t lbgsf] kfnf] ltd|f] xf] .. —d+lhn %÷l;kf/f !(÷@^ ;"/M cz–z'cf/f÷cfot !%$, !%% ..
 ;dLIfs— of] v'bfnfO{ zÍf / cledfg lsg eof] ls tF dh:t} xf]Og;\, / pFm6gLsf] lgzfgL
lbg' s]jn hËnL Jojxf/ xf], O{Zj/s[t xf]Og . olb of] lstfa O{Zj/s[t x'GYof] eg] t o:tf] Joy{
s'/fx¿ o;df x'g]lyPg ..!@^..
d"n—!@&— P] d";f, of] d x"F cNnfx, zlQmzfnL / ljj]szLn .. / ltdLn] cfˆgf] nÝL
/flvb]pm, k]ml/ ha p;n] To;nfO{ o;/L rn]sf] b]Vof] ls h;/L ;k{ xf], pm k5fl8lt/ df]l8of] /
kms]{/ x]/g, P] d";f g8/f, d]/f] ;fd'Ì] k}uDa/ 8/fpg] ub}{gg\ .. cNnfxsf] l;jf bf;|f] sf]O{ pkf:o
5}g, :jfdL dxfg\ l;+xf;gsf] .. d]/f] d'sflanfdf ljb|f]x gu/ / d';ndfg ag]/ d]/f] ;fydf cfcf] ..
—d+lhn %÷l;kf/f !(÷@& ;"/M cg–gDn÷cfot (, !), @^, #! ..
;dLIfs— c¿ klg x]g'{xf];\ Û cfˆgf] d'vaf6 cfk}m cNnfx a8f] ha/b:t aGb5 . cfˆgf]
d'vaf6 cfˆg} k|z+;f ug'{ >]i7 k'?ifx¿sf] klg sfd xf]Og, v'bfsf] s;/L x'g ;Sb5 < ta g}
OGb|hfnsf] v]n b]vfP/, hËnL dg'iox¿nfO{ jzdf u/]/ cfk}m v'bf ag]/ a:of] . o:tf] s'/f] O{Zj/sf]
k':tssf] slxNo} x'g ;Sb}g . olb Tof] dxfg\ l;+xf;g cyf{t\ ;ftf}+ cfsfzsf] dflns xf] eg] t, Tof]
Psb]zL x'gfn] O{Zj/ g} x'g ;Sb}g . olb a/fa/L ug{ g/fd|f] xf] eg] t v'bfn], d'xDdb ;fx]a /
kml/Ztfx¿n] O{dfg Nofpg], ;]jf ug{df ;fydf lsg ldnfof], o;af6 a/fa/L eof] ls ePg < o;}n]
of] s'/fg k'g?Qm / k"jf{k/ lj?4 s'/fx¿n] el/Psf] 5 ..!@&..
d"n—!@*— / ltdLn] kxf8x¿nfO{ b]v]/ ;DemG5f} ls tL hd]sf 5g\, / tL lx+8\b5g\ h;/L
afbn lx+8\b5g\, of] cNnfxsf] sf/Lu/L xf] h;n] x/ j:t'nfO{ ;'b[9 u/]sf] 5, lg:;Gb]x p;n]
va/bf/L /fVb5 h] ltdLn] ub{5f} .. —d+lhn %÷l;kf/f @)÷@& ;"/M cg–gDn÷cfot ** ..
;dLIfs— enf Û afbnsf] h:t} u/]/ kxf8 rNg' s'/fg agfpg]jfnfsf] b]zdf x'G5 xf]nf,
cGoq xf]Og . / v'bfsf] va/bf/L t z}tfg afuLnfO{ gkqmg] / g b08 lbg]af6 g} ljlbt x'G5 ls
h;n] hfaf] Pp6f afuLnfO{ klg ha;Dd kqmfpdf cfpFb}g, b08 kfpFb}g . o; eGbf clws
c;fjwfgLtf s] xf]nf < ..!@*..
d"n—!@(— ta d";fn] p;nfO{ d'8\lsn] lxsf{of] / p;sf] k|f0fkv]? p8fOlbof], .. p;n] eGof]
P] d]/f] cNnfx Û d}n] cfk"mdfly g} cTofrf/ u/]sf] 5', ctM t}+n] dnfO{ Ifdf k|bfg ul/b], ta cNnfxn]
p;nfO{ Ifdf ul/lbof], lg:;Gb]x pm Ifdf ug]{jfnf bofn' 5 .. / t]/f] dflnsn] k}bf ub{5 hf] rfxG5
/ p;n] dg k/fpF5 h;nfO{ rfxG5 ..
—d+lhn %÷l;kf/f @)÷@* ;"/M cn–s;;÷cfot !%, !^, ^* ..
;dLIfs— ca cGo klg x]g'{xf];\ Û d';ndfg / O{;fO{x¿sf] k}uDa/ / v'bfsf] d";f k}uDa/n]
dg'iosf] xTof ug]{ / v'bfn] Ifdf ug]{, oL b'j} cGofosf/L x'g\ ls xf]Ogg\ < s] cfˆgf] OR5faf6} h:tf]
rfxG5 To:t} pTklQ ub{5 < s] p;n] cfˆgf] OR5faf6} Pp6fnfO{ /fhf, csf]{nfO{ sËfn / Pp6fnfO{
ljåfg\ / csf]{nfO{ d"vf{lb agfPsf] xf] < olb o:t} xf] eg] t of] cGofosf/L x'gfn] s'/fg ;To / of]
v'bf g} x'g ;Sb}g ..!@(..
d"n—!#)— / d}n] dg'ionfO{ ;r]t u/fPF ls p;n] cfˆgf dftf–lktfsf] ;fydf /fd|f] Jojxf/
u/f];\, olb pgLx¿n] tFdfly bafj kf/]df ls t}+n] d]/f] o:tf] rLhnfO{ ;fIfL agfpg] h;sf] af/]df
tFnfO{ 1fg 5}g, ta pgLx¿n] eg]sf] gdfÌ", ltdLx¿ ;a} kms]{/ dsxfF g} cfpg'5, Toltj]nf k]ml/
atfOlbg]5' ls h]–h] ltdLn] u/]sf lyof} .. / d}n] g"xnfO{ p;sf] s'nlt/ k7fOlbPF, ta Tof] krf;
jif{ sd Ps xhf/ -(%)_ jif{ pgLx¿;Fu /Xof], k]ml/ ltgLx¿nfO{ t'kmfgn] nk]6Øf] / ltgLx¿
cTofrf/L lyP .. —d+lhn %÷l;kf/f @)–@!÷@( ;"/M cn–cGsa"t÷cfot *, !$ ..
;dLIfs— dftf–lktfsf] ;]jf ug'{ t /fd|f] g} xf] . olb v'bfsf] ;fy z/Ls ug{sf] nflu eg]df
t pgLx¿n] eg]sf] gdfÌ' of] klg 7Ls xf], k/Gt' olb dftf–lktf ldYofefif0fflb ug{sf] nflu cf1f
lbG5g\ eg] t s] dfÌ'kb{5 < To;}n] of] s'/f cfwf 7Ls / cfwf a]7Ls 5 . s] g"x cflb k}uDa/nfO{
dfq} v'bfn] ;+;f/df k7fpF5 eg] t, cGo hLjx¿nfO{ s;n] k7fpF5 < olb ;a}nfO{ p;}n] k7fpF5
eg] t ;a} k}uDa/ lsg ePgg\ < olb klxnf dg'iosf] cfo' xhf/ jif{sf] x'GYof] eg] t clxn] lsg
x'Fb}g < o;}n] of] s'/f] 7Ls xf]Og . olb v'bfsf] Gofo 3/df klg tn 6fpsf], dfly v'§f afFw]/ b08
lbOg] ul/G5 eg] t To; eGbf cfhef]lnsf] oxfFsf] /fh g} 7Ls 5 . cfhef]ln b08 t lbOG5, k/Gt'
v'§f tn 6fpsf] dfly g} /flvG5 . olb o:t} b08 ePdf klg dg'iox¿df ;+3l6t x'g ;Sb5 ..!#)..
 d"n—!#!— cNnfxn] ;[li6sf] cf/De ub{5, k]ml/ p;}n] To;sf] k'g/fj[lQ ub{5, k]ml/ Tot}lt/
ltdLx¿ kms{g]5f} .. h'g lbg sofdt x'g]5, To; lbg ck/fwLx¿ lg/fz /xg]5g\ .. ctM h;n] O{dfg
NofP / pgLx¿n] /fd|f sd{ u/], ltgLx¿ :ju{sf] Ps au}+rfdf cfe"if0f ;lxt k|;Ìtfk"j{s /xFg]5g\ ..
olb d}n] cs}{ xfjf k7fOlbPF eg] h;sf] k|efjn] ltgLx¿n] v]tLnfO{ kx]+nf] ePsf] b]Vg]5g\ .. o;
k|sf/ cNnfxn] tL dfG5]x¿sf] Åbodf df]x/ nufOlbG5 hf] c1fgL x'G5g\ ..
—d+lhn %÷l;kf/f @!÷#) ;"/M c/–?d÷cfot !!, !@, !%, %!, %( ..
;dLIfs— olb cNnfx b'O{ k6s pTklQ ub{5 t];|f] k6s xf]Og eg] t pTklQsf] cflb / bf];|f]
k6ssf] cGtdf lgsDdf a:b}/fVb5 xf]nf < / Ps tyf b'O{ k6s pTklQsf] kZrft\ p;sf] ;fdYo{
lgsDdf / Joy{ x'g hfg]5 . olb Gofo ug{sf] nflu lbg g/fv]/, /ft /fVg] xf] eg] t uju{08–h:tf]
nLnf x'g hfg]5 . Gofo t lbgdf g} ug{ ;j{q k|l;4 5 . o;}n] of] d';ndfg / d';ndfgx¿sf]
v'bfsf] pN6f] s'/f xf] . olb au}+rfdf /fVg / >[Ëf/ klx/fpg g} d';ndfgx¿sf] :ju{ xf] eg] t o;}
;+;f/sf] h:t} eof], jxfF dfnL / ;'gf/ klg xf]nfg\, cyjf v'bfn] g} dfnL / ;'gf/ cflbsf] sfd ub{5
xf]nf . olb s;}nfO{ yf]/} uxgf ldn]df t rf]/L klg x'G5 xf]nf / :ju{af6 rf]/L ug]{nfO{ g/sdf klg
xfNb5 xf]nf . olb o:t} xf] eg] t …;bf :ju{sf] au}+rfdf /xg]Ú s'/f e'm6f] x'g] eof] . h'g ls;fgx¿sf]
v]tLdf klg v'bfsf] b[li6 5, of] ljBf v]tL ug]{ cg'ejaf6 x'G5 / olb dfgf}+ ls v'bfn] cfˆgf] ljBfn]
;a} s'/f hfGof] eg] tfklg o:tf] eo lbg' cfˆgf] 3d08 k|l;4 ug'{ xf] . olb cNnfxn] hLjx¿sf]
Åbodf df]x/ nufP/ kfk u/fof] eg] t To; kfksf] efuL jxL x'g]5, hLj xf]Og . h;/L ho–k/fho
;]gfwLzsf] x'G5, To;/L g} of] ;a} kfk v'bfnfO{ g} k|fKt x'g hfG5 ..!#!..
d"n—!#@— oL cfotx¿ x'g\ lstfa lxSdtjfnfsf] .. p;n] cfsfznfO{ k}bf u¥of] lagf o:tf]
vDafsf] h'g ltdLn] b]Vb5f}, / p;n] wtL{df kxf8 hdfOlbof] tfls 8fdf8f]n eP/ gxlNnof];\ .. s]
ltdLn] b]v]gf} ls cNnfxn] /ftnfO{ lbgdf k|lji6 ub{5 / lbgnfO{ /ftdf k|lji6 ub{5 .. s] ltdLn]
b]v]gf} ls lsZtLx¿ ;d'b|df cNnfxsf] cg'u|xn] rNb5g\, tfls ltdLnfO{ cfˆgf] s]xL lgzfgL
b]vfcf];\ .. —d+lhn %÷l;kf/f @!÷#! ;"/M n'sdfg÷cfot @, !), @(, #! ..
;dLIfs— jfx hL Û lxSdtjfnL lstfa Û ls h;df ;j{yf ljBfb]lv lj?4 cfsfzsf] pTklQ,
p;df vfFaf] nufpg] zÍf / k[YjLnfO{ l:y/ /fVgsf] nflu kxf8 /fVg] s'/f Û yf]/}dfq ljBfjfnfn] klg
o:tf] n]v slxNo} n}Vb}g / g dfGb5 . / lxSdt x]/ ls hxfF lbg 5 jxfF /ft 5}g / hxfF /ft 5 jxfF
lbg 5}g, p;nfO{ Ps bf];|fdf k|j]z u/fpg] s'/f n]Vb5, of] a8f] cljåfg\sf] s/f xf], o;}n] of] s'/fg
ljBfsf] k':ts x'g ;Sb}g . s] of] ljBflj?4sf] s'/f xf]Og ls, 8'Fuf dg'io / p;sf] lqmofsf}znflbaf6
rNb5 jf v'bfsf] s[kfaf6 < olb kmnfd / 9'Ëfsf] gf}sf agfP/ ;d'b|df rnfPdf t v'bfsf] lgzfgL
8'AghfG5 ls hfFb}g < o;}n] of] k':ts g ljåfg\ / g O{Zj/n] agfPsf] x'g ;Sb5 ..!#@..
d"n—!##— p;n] sfo{sf] Joj:yf ub{5 cfsfzb]lv wtL{;Dd, k]ml/ ;f/f dfdnf p;}lt/
kms{G5g\ Ps lbgdf, h;sf] cjlw ltd|f] u0fgf cg';f/ Ps xhf/ jif{sf] x'G5 .. jxL g} xf] k/f]If /
k|ToIfnfO{ hfÌ]jfnf cToGt k|e'TjzfnL bofn' 5 .. k]ml/ To;sf] cË 7Ls u¥of] / To;df cfˆgf] ¿x
-cfTdf_ k'mSof] .. h'g d[To'sf] kml/Ztf ltdLdfly lgo'Qm 5, k|f0f lgsfNgsf] nflu To;n] ltdLnfO{ k"0f{
¿kn] cfˆgf] sAhfdf ug]{5 .. olb d}n] rfxGy]+ eg] t k|To]s JolQmnfO{ p;sf] cfˆgf] ;Gdfu{ b]vfpFy],
lsGt' dlt/af6 s'/f l;4 e};s]sf] 5 ls d}n] hxÌd -g/s_ df lhÌx¿ / dg'iox¿n] e/]/ /fVg]5' ..
—d+lhn %÷l;kf/f @!÷#@ ;"/M c;–;Hbf÷cfot %, ^, (, !!, !# ..
;dLIfs— ca 7Ls l;4 x'g uof] ls d';ndfgx¿sf] v'bf dg'iojt\ Psb]zL xf] . lsgeg]
olb Jofks x'GYof] eg] t Psb]zaf6 k|aGw ug]{ / r9\g] plqg] s'/f x'g ;Sb}gYof] . olb v'bfn]
kml/ZtfnfO{ km7fpF5 eg] klg cfk"m Psb]zL x'g uof] . cfk"m cfsfzdf 6fFl;P/ a;]sf] 5 /
kml/Ztfx¿nfO{ bf}8fpF5 . olb kml/Ztfn] 3'; lnP/ s'g} dfdnf laufl/lbPdf jf s'g} d'bf{nfO{
5f]l8lbPdf t v'bfnfO{ s] yfxf x'g ;Sb5 < yfxf t p;nfO{ x'G5 hf] ;j{1 tyf ;j{Jofks x'G5, ;f]
t 5Fb}5}gÙ x'GYof] eg] t kml/Ztfx¿nfO{ k7fpg] tyf sof}+ dfG5]x¿sf] sof}+ k|sf/sf] k/LIff lngsf] s]
sfd lyof] < / Ps xhf/ jif{df k|aGw ugf{n] ;j{zlQmdfg\ klg ePg . olb d[To'sf] kml/Ztf 5 eg] t
To; kml/ZtfnfO{ dfg]{jfnf d[To' s'grflx+ xf] < olb Tof] lgTo xf] eg] t cd/kgdf v'bfsf] a/fa/
z/Ls eof] . Ps kml/Ztf Ps ;dodf g/s eg{sf] nflu hLjx¿nfO{ lzIff ub}{g / pgLx¿nfO{ lagf
kfksf] cfˆgf] dhL{n] g/sdf e/]/ b'Mv lb+b} tdfzf x]b{5 eg] t v'bf kfkL, cGofosf/L / bofxLg xf] .
o:tf] s'/f h'g k':tsdf x'G5, g Tof] ljåfg\ / O{Zj/s[t, k]ml/ bof GofoxLg O{Zj/ klg slxNo} x'g
;Sb}g ..!##..
d"n—!#$— elgb]pm olb ltdL d[To' cyjf dfl/g hfgaf6 efu]df klg of] efUg' ltd|f] nflu
sbflk nfek|b x'g]5}g .. P] gaLsL :qLx¿ xf] Û ltdLdWo]df hf] s;}n] v'nf cZnLntfsf] sd{df lnKt
/x]sf] kfOPdf t, To;sf] nflu b'O{u'0ff oftgf x'g]5, / of] cNnfxsf] nflu Psbd} ;/n 5 ..
—d+lhn %÷l;kf/f @!÷## ;"/M cn–cxhfa÷cfot !^, #) ..
;dLIfs— of] d'xDdb ;fx]an] o; sf/0fn] n]v]–n]vfP xf]nfg\ ls n8fO{+df sf]xL klg gefu"g\,
xfd|f] ljho xf];\, dg{b]lv klg g8/fpmg\, P]Zjo{ a9\b} hfcf];\ / dhxa klg a9f];\ < / olb :qLx¿
lgn{Hhtf;Fu k}uDa/sf] ;fd'Ì] gcfpg] eg] t, s] k}uDa/ ;fx]a lgn{Hh eP/ pgLx¿sf] ;fd'Ì]
hfg] < / k}uDa/ ;fx]adfly b08 gx'g], of] s'g 3/sf] Gofo xf] < ..!#$..
d"n—!#%— / ltdL cfˆgf] 3/wGbfd} nflu /xg",======/;"nx¿sf] cf1f kfng u/, cNnfxn]
rfxG5 ls ltdL /;"nx¿sf 3/jfnfsf] d}nf b"/ u/]/ k"0f{ kljqtf cfcf];\ .. k]ml/ ha h}bn] p;sf]
cfˆgf] OR5f k"lt{ ul/;Sof], d}n] ltd|f] / p;sf] ljjfx u/fOlbPF tfls O{dfgjfnfx¿dfly cfˆgf]
h]7f]af7f] 5f]/fsf] kTgLx¿sf] n]kfnssf] af/]df s'g} ;+sf]r g/xf];\, ha ls p;n] pgLx¿l;t cfˆgf]
cfjZostfk"lt{ u/f];\ / cNnfxsf] cf1f x'g]jfnf g} lyof] .. /;"nsf nflu o;df s'g} xflg 5}g h'g
cNnfxn] p;sf nflu lgwf{l/t ul/lbPsf] xf];\ .. d'xDdb ltd|f k'?ifx¿df s;}sf] lktf xf]Ogg\ ..
/;"n d}n] ltd|f] nflu xnfn -j}w_ ul/lbPF ltd|f tL kTgLx¿, h;sf] ef/f ltdLn] lbO;s]sf 5f} / tL
dlxnfx¿ klg hf] ltd|f] :jfldTjdf 5g\, h;nfO{ cNnfxn] ulgdtdf -OR5fdf_ ltdLnfO{ lbPsf] xf] ..
tL dWo]df ltdLn] h;nfO{ rfxG5f} 6f9f /fv / h;nfO{ rfxG5f} glhs /fv, h;nfO{ ltdLn] 6f9f
u¥of} tL dWo]df k]ml/ s;}nfO{ af]nfPdf t ltdLdfly s'g} kfk nfUg]5}g .. P] O{dfgjfnfx¿ xf],
k}uDa/sf 3/df hfg] gu/ ..
—d+lhn %÷l;kf/f @@÷## ;"/M cn–cxhfa÷cfot ##, #^–#*,$), %), %!, %# ..
;dLIfs— of] a8f] cGofosf] s'/f 5 ls :qL 3/df s}bsf] ;dfg /xg] / k'?if v'nf lx+8\g] . s]
:qLx¿sf] lrQn] z'4 jfo', z'4 b]zdf e|d0f ug{, ;[li6sf cg]s kbfy{x¿nfO{ x]g{ dg rfxFb}g xf]nf <
o;} ck/fwaf6 d';ndfgx¿sf s]6fx¿ ljz]if u/]/ ;}nfgL -3'Dg]_ / ljifoL x'G5g\ . cNnfx / /;"nsf]
Ps clj?4 cf1f 5 jf leÌ–leÌ lj?4 < olb Ps xf] eg] t b'O6}sf] cf1f kfng u/ eÌ' Joy{ 5 /
olb leÌ–leÌ lj?4 xf] eg] t Pp6f ;fFrf] csf]{ e'm6f] < Pp6f rflx+ v'bf csf]{ rflx+ z}tfg x'g
hfg]5 . / z/Ls klg x'g]5 < jfx s'/fgsf v'bf / k}uDa/ tyf s'/fgnfO{ Û h;nfO{ bf];|fsf] dtna
gi6 u/]/ cfˆgf] dtna l;4 ug{ Oi6 x'G5 o:t} nLnf cjZo /Rb5 . o;af6 of] klg l;4 x'G5 ls
d'xDdb ;fx]a a8f] ljifoL lyP . olb x'Fb}gy] eg] t n]kfnssL :qL h'g ls k'qsL :qL yL, cfˆgL :qL
lsg agfP < k]ml/ o:tf s'/f ug]{jfnfsf v'bf klg kIfkftL aGof] / cGofonfO{ Gofo 7x¥ofof] . enf
sf]O{ dg'iox¿df hËnL ePdf klg To;n] cfˆgL a'xf/LnfO{ 5f]l8lbG5 / of] slt 7"nf] cGofosf] s'/f
xf] ls gaLnfO{ ljifof;lQmsf] nLnf ug{df slQ klg /f]sfj6 5}g Û olb gaL s;}sf] afp lyPg eg] t
h}bn] kfPsf] n]kfns 5f]/f] s;sf] lyof] < / lsg n]lvof] < of] p;} dtnasf] s'/f xf] ls h;af6
a'xf/LnfO{ klg 3/df /fVgfn] k}uDa/ ;fx]a aRg ;s]gg\, cGol;t t s;/L ar] xf]nfg\ / < o:tf]
rt'/fO{af6 klg g/fd|f] s'/f]df r's]/ lgGbf x'gaf6 slxNo} klg 5'6\g ;Sb}g . s] hf] k/fO{ :qL klg
gaL;Fu k|;Ì eP/ ljjfx ug{ rfx]df klg xnfn x'G5 < / of] dxf cwd{sf] s'/f xf] ls gaLn] t h'g
:qLnfO{ rfxG5 5f]l8lbg] / d'xDdb ;fx]asL :qLx¿ olb k}uDa/ ck/fwL ePdf klg slxNo} 5f]8\g
gkfpg] Û h;/L k}uDa/sf 3/df cGo sf]O{ Jolerf/ b[li6n] k|j]z gug]{ xf] eg] t, To;} u/L k}uDa/
;fx]a klg s;}sf] 3/df k|j]z ug{x'Fb}g . s] gaL hf] s;}sf] 3/df rflx+ lgZzÍ k|j]z ug]{ / dfggLo
klg x'g] < enf Û s'g To:tf] Åbosf] cGwf] xf]nf ls hf] o; s'/fgnfO{ O{Zj/s[t / d'xDdb ;fx]anfO{
k}uDa/ / s'/fgf]Qm O{Zj/nfO{ k/d]Zj/ dfÌ ;Sg] . a8f] cfZro{sf] s'/f 5 ls o:tf] o'lQmz"Go
wd{lj?4 s'/fx¿nfO{ c/ab]z lgjf;L cflb dg'iox¿n] o; dtnfO{ s;/L dfg] Û ..!#%..
d"n—!#^— /;"nnfO{ si6 k'¥ofpg' ltd|f] nflu of]Uo x'Fb}g, ;fy} of] klg slxNo} gug"{ ls
pgsf k5fl8 pgsL >LdtLx¿;Fu ljjfx, lgZro g} cNnfxsf] b[li6df of] dxf kfk x'g]5 .. h;n]
cNnfx / p;sf k}uDa/nfO{ si6 lbG5g\, cNnfxn] ltdfly ;+;f/ / k/nf]ssf] nflu km6\sf/ ub{5,
ltgLx¿sf nflu ckdflgt oftgf tof/ u/]/ /fv]sf] 5 .. / h;n] d';ndfg dlxnf / k'?ifx¿nfO{
b'Mv lbG5g\ lagf ck/fwsf], ltgLx¿n] cf/f]k / :ki6 kfksf] af]em p7fP .. km6\sf/ kfpg]5g\, kqmfp
vfg]5g\ / g/fd|f];Fu dfl/g]5g\ .. P] xfd|f] /a, pgLx¿nfO{ b'O{ u'0ff oftgf b], / ltgLx¿dfly ef/L
km6\sf/ u/ .. —d+lhn %÷l;kf/f @@÷## ;"/M cn–cxhfa÷cfot %#, %&, %*, ^!, ^* ..
;dLIfs— jfx Û s] v'bfn] cfˆgf] v'bfO{nfO{ wd{sf] ;fy b]vfO/x]sf] 5 < h:tf] /;"nnfO{ b'Mv
lbg lgif]w ug'{ t 7Ls xf] k/Gt' bf];|fnfO{ b'Mv lbgdf /;"nnfO{ klg /f]Sg' of]Uo lyof], lsg /f]s]g < s]
s;}n] b'Mv lbgfn] cNnfx klg b'MvL x'g hfG5 < olb o:t} xf] eg] t Tof] O{Zj/ g} x'g ;Sb}g . s]
cNnfx / /;"nnfO{ b'Mv lbgfsf] lgif]w ugf{n] of] l;4 x'Fb}g ls cNnfx / /;"nn] h;nfO{ rfxG5g\
b'Mv lbg] < h;/L d';ndfg k'?if / dlxnfnfO{ b'Mv lbg' g/fd|f] xf] eg] t logLx¿af6 cGo dg'ionfO{
b'Mv lbg' klg g/fd|f] xf] . s] cGo ;a}nfO{ b'Mv lbg'kb{5 < olb o:tf] dfÌ] xf] eg] t p;sf] of] s'/f]
klg kIfkftsf] x'G5 . jfx bËf drfpg]jfnf v'bf / gaL Û h:tf oL lgb{oL x'g\ To:t} lgb{oL ;+;f/df
Psbd} yf]/} dfq xf]nfg\ . h:tf] oxfF ls …cGo hgx¿ hxfF;'s} kfOo"g\, dfl/o"g\, kqmfp vfpmg\Ú h:tf
s'/fx¿ n]v]sf 5g\, To:t} d';ndfgx¿dfly s;}n] cf1f lbPdf t of] s'/f] g/fd|f] nfUb5 jf nfUb}g
xf]nf < jfx s:tf lx+;| k}uDa/ cflb 5g\ ls hf] k/d]Zj/sf] k|fy{gf u/]/ cfk"maf6 bf];|fnfO{ b'O{u'0ff
b'Mv lbgsf] nflu k|fy{gf ug{ n]lvPsf] 5 . of] klg kIfkft dtnal;Gw'kg / dxf cwd{sf] s'/f xf] .
o;}n] clxn] klg d';ndfgx¿df w]/} z7x¿ o:t} sd{ ug{df 8/fpFb}gg\ . of] 7Ls xf] ls ;'lzIffsf]
lagf dg'io kz'sf] ;dfg /xG5 ..!#^..
d"n—!#&— / cNnfx g} xf] h;n] xfjfnfO{ k7fpF5, k]ml/ To;n] afbnnfO{ p7fpF5, k]ml/
xfdLn] To;nfO{ s'g} Ps z'is / d[t b]zlt/ nUof}+, k]ml/ To;åf/f wtL{nfO{ p;sf] d[t x'g hfgsf]
kZrft\ k]ml/ hLljt u/fOlbof}+, o;} k|sf/af6 x'g]5 bf];|f] k6ssf] Ao'Ftg] qmd klg .. h;n] xfdLnfO{
cfˆgf] pbf/ s[kfn] jf; ug{sf] nflu o:tf] 3/df ptf/]sf] 5, hxfF g xfdLnfO{ si6 ug{kb{5, g t
ysfO g} nfUb5 .. —d+lhn %÷l;kf/f @@÷#% ;"/M cn–kmflt/÷cfot (, #% ..
;dLIfs— jfx s:tf] lkmnf];kmL v'bfsf] 5 . k7fpF5 jfo'nfO{, p7fpFb} lkmb{5 afbnnfO{ Û /
v'bf To;af6 d'bf{x¿nfO{ Ao'FtfpFb} lkmb{5 . of] s'/f] O{Zj/;DaGwL slxNo} x'g ;Sb}g, lsgeg] O{Zj/sf]
sfd lg/Gt/ Psvfn] eO/xG5 . h'g 3/ 5g\ tL lagf agfj6sf] x'g ;Sb}g / olb agfj6sf] xf] eg]
t ;bf /xg ;Sb}g . h;sf] z/L/ 5 Tof] kl/>dsf] lagf b'MvL x'G5 / z/L/jfnf /f]uL eP lagf
slxNo} aRb}g . hf] Ps :qL;Fu ;dfud ub{5, Tof] lagf /f]usf] aRg ;Sb}g eg] t, h;n] w]/}
:qLx¿sf] ljifoef]u ub{5, To;sf] s] bzf x'G5 xf]nf < To;}n] d';ndfgx¿sf] :ju{ klg ;'vbfos
;bf x'g ;Sb}g ..!#&..
d"n—!#*— s;d 5 s'/fg ;[b[9sf] .. lgZro g} tF /;"nx¿ dWo]df xf];\ .. cToGt ;Lwf
dfu{df .. of] ;j{zlQmdfg\ / bofjfg\ cNnfxlt/af6 ptfl/Psf] xf] ..
—d+lhn %÷l;kf/f @#÷#^ ;"/M of–;Lg÷cfot @, #, $, % ..
;dLIfs— ca x]g'{xf];\ Û of] s'/fg v'bfn] agfPsf] x'GYof] eg] t To;n] of] ;f}uGw lsg
vfGYof] < olb gaL v'bfn] k7fPsf] x'GYof] eg] t, n]kfns 5f]/fsL :qLdfly lsg df]lxt eof] < of]
sygdfq} xf] ls s'/fgnfO{ dfÌ]x¿ ;Lwf dfu{df 5g\ . lsgeg] ;Lwf dfu{ ToxL x'G5 h;df ;To
dflgG5, ;To af]lnG5, ;To ul/G5Ù kIfkft /lxt Gofo wd{sf] cfr/0f ug'{ cflb xf] / o;b]lv
ljk/Ltsf] Tofu ug'{ . ;f] g s'/fgdf, g d';ndfgx¿df, g t logsf] v'bfdf o:tf] :jefj 5 . olb
;a}dfly k|an k}uDa/ d'xDdb ;fx]a x'Gy] eg] t, ;a} eGbf clws ljBfjfg\ / z'eu'0fo'Qm lsg
ePgg\ < o;}n] h;/L s'~h/Ln] cfˆgf aoF/nfO{ cldnf elGbg, To:t} of] s'/f] klg 5 ..!#*..
d"n—!#(— / g/l;+3f -dxfzÎ_ k'ms]/ ahfOg]5, k]ml/ s] b]Vg]5f} ls crfgs pgLx¿ lrxfg
af6 lg:s]/ cfˆgf] dflnslt/ bf}8g]5g\ .. cfh d}n] pgLx¿sf] d'vdf df]x/ nufOlbg]5' / pgLx¿sf
xft dl;t af]Ng]5g\ h]–hlt sdfP / pgLx¿sf v'§fn] ;fIfL lbg]5g\ h]–hlt u/] .. p;sf] dfdnf t
a; oxL xf] ls ha p;n] s'g} rLh k}bf ug{sf] nflu ;ÍNk ub{5, ta To;nfO{ eGb5 ls—
æeOhf ÛÆ / Tof] e}xfNb5 .. —d+lhn %÷l;kf/f @#÷#^ ;"/M of–;Lg÷cfot %!, ^%, *@ ..
;dLIfs— ca ;'Ì'xf];\ ls pm6k6fËsf s'/fx¿ Û v'§fn] slxNo} ;fIfL lbg ;Sb5g\ < v'bfsf]
l;jfo To; ;dodf sf] lyof] h;nfO{ p;n] cf1f lbof] < s;n] ;'Gof] < / sf] aÌ uof] < olb lyPg
eg] t of] s'/f] e'm6f] / olb lyof] eg] t Tof] s'/f]— æh'g l;jfo v'bfsf] s]xL rLh lyPg / v'bfn]
;a}yf]s agfOlbof]Æ— Tof] e'm6f] ..!#(..
 d"n—!$)— pgLx¿nfO{ o:tf] dlb/fsf] Kofnf NofP/ 3'dfOg]5 ls efF8f] e/L x'g]5 .. :jR5
kf/bzL{ lkpg]jfnfx¿sf] nflu ;':jfb' .. / pgLx¿l;t gh/ e'msfPsL 7"nf–7"nf cfFvf ePsL :qLx¿
x'g]5g\ .. dfgf}+ ls c08f x'g\ n'sfP/ /flvPsf .. s] ca xfdLnfO{ dg{ kb}{g .. / lg:;Gb]x n"t klg
k}uDa/x¿ dWo]af6} lyof] .. ha ls d}n] p;nfO{ / p;sf dfG5]x¿nfO{ d'lQm lbPF, l;jfo Pp6L a'9L
kl5 /xg]x¿ jfnfdf lyO{ .. k]ml/ d}n] c¿nfO{ dfl/lbP ..
—d+lhn ^÷l;kf/f @#÷#& ;"/M c;–;fˆkmft÷cfot $%, $^, $*, $(, %*, !##–!#& ..
;dLIfs— lsghL oxfF t d';ndfgx¿ /S;LnfO{ g/fd|f] atfpF5g\, k/Gt' logsf] :ju{df t
gbLsf] gbL au]sf] 5 . olt t /fd|f] xf] ls oxfF t s'g} k|sf/n] dB lkpg 5'6fPsf 5g\, k/Gt' oxfFsf]
;f6f]df jxfF pgsf :ju{df a8f] g/fd|f] 5 Û lagf :qLx¿sf] jxfF s;}sf] lrQ l:y/ /xFb}g xf]nf Û /
eoÍ/ /f]u klg x'G5g\ xf]nf Û olb z/L/jfnf x'g\ eg] t cjZo dg]{5g\ / olb z/L/jfnf xf]Ogg\ eg]
t, Tof] lj£gsf] ef]u ljnf; g} ug{ ;Sg] ePgg\ . k]ml/ pgLx¿sf] :ju{df hfg' Joy{ x'g]5 . olb
n"tnfO{ k}uDa/ dfGb5g\ eg] t, h'g afOandf n]lvPsf] 5 ls— …p;n] cfˆgL b'O{cf]6L 5f]/Lx¿;Fu
;Def]u u/]/ b'O{cf]6f 5f]/f hGdfof]Ú o; s'/fnfO{ klg dfGb5f} ls dfGb}gf} < olb dfGb5f} eg] t
o:tf]nfO{ k}uDa/ dfÌ Joy{ 5 . olb o:tf / o:t}sf ;ËLx¿nfO{ v'bfn] d'lQm lbG5 eg] t, Tof] v'bf
klg To:t} xf] . lsgeg] a'l9ofsf] syf eÌ]jfnf / kIfkft u/]/ c¿nfO{ dfg]{jfnf v'bf slxNo} x'g
;Sb}g . o:tf] v'bf d';ndfgx¿sf 3/df g} /xg ;Sb5, cGoq xf]Og ..!$)..
d"n—!$!— ;bfaxf/ au}+rf h;sf] åf/ pgLx¿sf] nflu vf]lnPsf] x'g]5 .. ltgLx¿ To;df
lz/fgL xfn]/ a;]sf x'g]5g\, / cg]s k|sf/sf] kmn k]o kbfy{ dflu/fVg]5g\ .. / pgLx¿l;t gh/
e'msfPsL zld{nL clg ;dfg cfo'jfnL kTgLx¿ x'g]5g\ .. ctM ;a} kml/Ztfx¿n] gdg u/] .. k/Gt'
OanL;n] 3d08 u/]/ cj1fsf/Ldf x'g uof] .. ;f]Wof] ls, P] OanL; tFnfO{ s'g rLhn] /f]Sof] ls
o;nfO{ ;hbf ug{df, h;nfO{ ls d}n] d]/f] b'O6} xftn] agfPsf] x'F, ls t}+n] 3d08 u/]sf] xf];\ ls
7"nf] x"F eg]/ .. p;n] eGof], d cfbd eGbf >]i7 5', t}+n] dnfO{ cfuf]af6 k}bf u/]sf] 5;\ / o;nfO{
df6f]af6 .. eGof] ls tF oxfFaf6 t'?Gt lg:s]/ hf, lsgeg] tF lt/:s[t xf];\ .. / tFdfly d]/f] lwSsf/
5 abnfsf] lbg;Dd .. OanL;n] eGof] ls, P] d]/f] dflns, dnfO{ cjsfz b] To; lbg;Ddsf] nflu
ha ;a} d'bf{x¿nfO{ k'gM p7fOg]5 .. eGof] ls tFnfO{ cjsfz lbOPsf] 5 .. lgwf{l/t ;dosf] nflu ..
p;n] eGof] ls t]/f] ;Ddfgsf] s;d, d}n] tL ;a}nfO{ e|ldt kf/]/ /fVg]5' .. l;jfo t]/f tL aGbfx¿
h;nfO{ t}+n] kljq u/]sf] 5;\ .. —d+lhn ^÷l;kf/f @#÷#* ;"/M ;fb÷cfot %)–%#, &#–*# ..
;dLIfs— olb jxfF h:tf] ls s'/fgdf au}+rf, gx/, 3/, vfgkfg, cfe"if0f, df}hd:tL n]lvPsf]
5 To:tf] 5 eg] t, tL g ;bfb]lv lyP g ;bf /xg ;Sb5g\ lsgeg] hf] ;+of]uaf6 kbfy{ aGb5 Tof]
;+of]usf] k"j{ lyPg, cjZoefjL ljof]usf] cGtdf klg /xg]5}g . ha Tof] au}+rf g} /xFb}g eg] t
To;df /xFg]jfnfx¿ ;bf s;/L /xFg ;Sb5g\ < lsgeg] …u2L, lz/fgL, d]jf–kmn / k]o kbfy{Ú jxfF
ldNg]5 n]lvPsf] 5 . o;af6 oxL l;4 x'G5 ls h'g ;dodf d';ndfgx¿sf] dhxa rNof] , To;
;dodf c/a b]z ljz]if wgf9Ø lyPg, o;}n] d'xDdb ;fx]an] lz/fgL cflbsf] syf ;'gfP/
u/Lax¿nfO{ cfˆgf] dtdf km;fP, / hxfF :qLx¿ x'G5g\ ToxfF lg/Gt/ ;'v sxfF < tL :qLx¿ jxfF
sxfFaf6 cfP < cyjf :ju{sf x'g\ < olb cfPsf x'g\ eg] t hfg]5g\ / ToxL+sf g} x'g\ eg] t
sofdtsf] k"j{ s] ub{y] < s] lgsDdf cfˆgf] pd]/nfO{ latfO/fv]sf lyP < ca x]g'{xf];\ v'bfsf] t]h Û
h;sf] x's'd cGo kml/Ztfx¿n] dfg]/ cfbd ;fx]anfO{ gd:sf/ u/] / z}tfgn] ug{ dfg]g . v'bfn]
z}tfgnfO{ ;f]Wof] ls d}n] tFnfO{ cfˆgf] b'O6} xftn] agfPF, t}+n] cledfg gu/ . o;af6 oxL l;4 x'G5
ls s'/fgsf] v'bf b'O{ xftjfnf dg'io lyof] . o;}n] Tof] Jofks jf ;j{zlQmdfg\ slxNo} x'g ;Sb}g . /
z}tfgn] ;To s'/f eGof] ls d cfbd eGbf pQd 5', o;dfly v'bfn] l/; lsg u¥of] < s] cfsfz
dfq} v'bfsf] 3/ xf] k[YjL xf]Og < To;f] xf] eg] sfafnfO{ v'bfsf] klxnf] 3/ lsg n]lvof] < enf
k/d]Zj/ cfk"maf6 jf ;[li6af6 cnu s;/L lgsfNg ;Sb5 < / Tof] ;[li6 ;a} k/d]Zj/sf] xf] o;af6
:ki6 ljlbt x'G5 ls s'/fgsf] v'bf au}+rfsf] lhDd]bf/ lyof] . v'bfn] To;nfO{ lwSsf/]/ s}b u¥of]
z}tfgn] eGof] ls x] dflns Û dnfO{ sofdt;Dd 5f]l8b] . v'bfn] v'zL x'Fb} sofdtsf] lbg;Dd
5f]l8lbof] . ha z}tfg 5'6Øf] ta v'bf;Fu eGb5 ls ca d}n] dHhfl;t e|ldt kfg]{5' / cftlÍt
u/fpg]5' . ta v'bfn] eGof] ls hltnfO{ t}+n] e|ldt kfg{]5;\ tL / tFnfO{ ;d]t bf]hv -g/s_ df
xfNg]5' . ca ;Hhgx¿n] ljrf/ ug'{xf];\ Û ls z}tfgnfO{ axsfpg]jfnf v'bf xf] ls cfk}m axs]sf]
xf] < olb v'bfn] e|ldt kf/]sf] xf] eg] t v'bf z}tfgsf] klg z}tfg 7xl/of] . olb z}tfg :jo+ e|ldt
eof] eg] t cGo hLj klg :jo+ e|ldt x'g]5g\, z}tfgsf] cfjZostf 5}g Û / h;af6 o; z}tfg
afuLnfO{ v'bfn] v'nf 5f]l8lbof] o;af6 ljlbt eof] ls Tof] klg z}tfgsf] z/Ls, cwd{ u/fpg]df
eof] . olb :jo+n] rf]/L u/fP/ b08 lbG5 eg] t, To;sf] cGofosf] s'g} kf/fjf/ x'Fb}g ..!$!..
d"n—!$@— lg:;Gb]x cNnfxn] ;d:t kfkx¿nfO{ Ifdf ul/lbG5, pm a8f] Ifdfjfg\ / s[kfn'
5 .. / wtL{ ;Dk"0f{ ¿kaf6 p;sf] d'ÝLdf x'g]5, sofdtsf] lbg / ;d:t cfsfz nk]l6Psf] x'g]5
p;sf] bflxg] xftdf .. / wtL{ cfˆgf] dflnssf] k|sfzaf6 rDsg]5, / lstfa /flvg]5 clg k}uDa/ /
;fIfL pkl:yt u/fOFg]5, / dg'iox¿nfO{ 7Ls–7Ls lg0f{o ul/g]5 s'g} cTofrf/ ul/g]5}g ..
—d+lhn ^÷l;kf/f @$÷#( ;"/M ch–h'df/÷cfot %#, ^&, ^( ..
;dLIfs— olb ;du| kfknfO{ v'bfn] Ifdf ub{5 eg] t, hfÌ' ;a} ;+;f/nfO{ kfkL agfpF5 /
bofxLg x'G5, lsgeg] Ps b'i6dfly bof / Ifdf ugf{n] To;n] clws b'i6tf ug]{5 / y'k|}
wdf{Tdfx¿nfO{ b'Mv lbg]5 . olb lsl~rt\ klg ck/fw Ifdf ul/of] eg] t, ck/fw g} ck/fw hut\df
5fpg]5 . s] k/d]Zj/ clUgjt\ k|sfzjfnf xf] < / sd{kq sxfF hDdf /xG5g\ < / s;n] n]Vb5 <
olb k}uDa/x¿ / ;fIfLx¿sf] e/f];fdf v'bfn] Gofo ub{5 eg] t, Tof] c;j{1 / c;dy{ xf] . olb
p;n] cGofo ub}{g, Gofo g} ub{5 eg] t sd{x¿sf] cg';f/ ub{5 xf]nf . tL sd{ k"jf{k/ jt{dfg
hGdx¿sf x'g ;Sb5g\ ta t kfk Ifdf ug]{, Åbodf tfnf nufpg] / lzIff gug]{, z}tfgaf6 e|ldt
kfg]{, bf}/f;'k'b{ -s'/fOdf_ /fVg] h:tf s'/fx¿ s]jn cGofo xf] ..!$@..
d"n—!$#— o; lstfasf] cjt/0f k|e'TjzfnL, ;j{1 cNnfxlt/af6 ePsf] xf] .. h;n] u'gfx
Ifdf ub{5, tf}af sa"n ub{5, s7f]/ b08 lbG5, zlQmdfg\ 5, p;sf] cltl/Qm bf];|f] sf]O{ k"Ho–k|e'
5}g, cGttM p;}lt/ hfg' 5 .. —d+lhn ^÷l;kf/f @$÷$) ;"/M uflkm/÷cfot @, # ..
;dLIfs— of] s'/f o;sf] nflu xf] ls ef]n] dfG5]x¿ cNnfxsf] gfdaf6 o; k':tsnfO{
dfÌ]5g\ ls h;df yf]/} ;To /fv]/ afFsL ;a} c;To el/Psf] 5 . ;fy} Tof] ;To klg c;To;Fu
ldl;g uP/ b"lift ePsf] 5 . o;}n] s'/fg / s'/fgsf] v'bf / o;nfO{ dfÌ]x¿ kfk j4{s / kfk ug]{ –
u/fpg]jfnf x'g\, lsgeg] …kfk Ifdf ug'{ cToGt cwd{Ú xf] . lsGt' o;}n] ubf{ d';ndfgx¿ kfk /
pkb|j ug{df 8/fpFb}gg\ ..!$#..
d"n—!$$— k]ml/ p;n] b'O{ lbgdf ;ft cfsfz agfof] / k|To]s cfsfzdf p;n] sfdsf]
/ˆkmf–8ˆkmfsf] cfb]z k7fof] .. ta pgsf sfg, cfFvf / 5fnfn] pgsf] lj?4 tL s'/fx¿sf] ;fIfL
lbg]5g\, hf] pgLx¿n] u/]sf lyP .. pgLx¿n] cfˆgf] 5fnfl;t eÌ]5g\ ls t}+n] xfd|f] lj?4 lsg
ujfxL lbO;\ < ta ltgLx¿n] eÌ]5g\, xfdLnfO{ p;} cNnfxn] jf0fL lbPsf]5 h;n] k|To]s rLhnfO{
jfs\–zlQm k|bfg u/]sf] 5 .. lg:;Gb]x jxL d'bf{x¿nfO{ hLljt ug]{jfnf xf] ..
—d+lhn ^÷l;kf/f @$÷$! ;"/M km':;Lnt÷cfot !@, @), @!, #( ..
;dLIfs— jfx hL jfx d';ndfgx¿ xf] Û ltd|f] v'bf h;nfO{ ltdLn] ;j{zlQmdfg\ dfGb5f} eg]
t, To;n] ;ft cfsfznfO{ b'O{ lbgdf agfpg ;Sof] < / hf] ;j{zlQmdfg\ x'G5 To;n] t If0fe/df g}
;a}nfO{ agfpg ;Sb5 . enf sfg, cfFvf / 5fnfnfO{ O{Zj/n] h8 agfPsf] 5 ltgLx¿n] ;fIfL
s;/L lbg ;Sb5g\ < olb ;fIfL g} af]nfpg] xf] eg] t, To;n] k|yddf lsg h8 agfof] < / cfˆgf]
k"jf{k/ lgod lj?4 lsg u¥of] < o;df klg a9L ldYof s'/f] of] xf] ls ha hLjdfly ;fIfL lbof], ta
hLjn] cfˆgf]–cfˆgf] 5fnfl;t ;f]Wof] ls t}+n] xfdLdfly lsg ;fIfL lbO;\ < 5fnfn] eGof] ls v'bfn]
af]nfof] d}n] s] u¿F . enf o:tf] s'/f klg slxNo} x'g ;Sb5 < h:t} s;}n] eGb5 ls aGWofsf] k'qsf]
d'v d}n] b]v]+, olb k'q 5 eg] t aGWof lsg < olb aGWof xf] eg] t k'q x'g} c;Dej 5 . o;}
k|sf/sf] of] ldYof s'/f] xf] . olb To;n] d'bf{x¿nfO{ Ao'Ftfpg] sfd ub{5 eg] t klxnf dfb{5 lsg <
s] cfk"m klg d'bf{ x'G5 ls x'Fb}g < olb x'g ;Sb}g eg] t d'bf{kgnfO{ lsg g/fd|f] dfGb5 < /
sofdtsf] /ft;Dd d[ts hLj s'g d';ndfgsf] 3/df /x] < / bf}/f;'k'b{ -s'/fOdf_ v'bfn] lagf
ck/fw lsg /fVof] < zL3| Gofo lsg u/]g < o:tf–o:tf s'/fn] O{Zj/tfdf snÍs nfUb5 ..!$$..
d"n—!$%— p;}sf] clwsf/df cfsfz / wtL{sf s'l~hx¿ 5g\, p;n] h;sf] nflu rfxG5
clws hLljsf lbg] ub{5 / h;nfO{ rfxG5 yf]/} lbG5 .. p;n] hf] rfxG5 k}bf ub{5, p;n] h;nfO{
rfxG5 5f]/L k|bfg ub{5 / h;nfO{ rfxG5 5f]/f k|bfg ub{5 .. cyjf pgLx¿nfO{ Psq ul/lbG5
5f]/f klg / 5f]/L klg, / h;nfO{ rfxG5 lgM;Gtfg /fVb5 .. / s'g} dg' iosf] of] ;fdYo{ 5}g ls
cNnfxn] p;;Fu s'/f u/f];\, k/Gt' cfotsf] dfWodaf6 cyjf kbf{sf] k5fl8af6 cyjf s'g}
kml/ZtfnfO{ k7fP/ .. —d+lhn ^÷l;kf/f @$÷$@ ;"/M cz–z"/f÷cfot !@, $(, %), %! ..
;dLIfs— v'bf;Fu s'l~hx¿sf] e08f/ el/Psf] 5 xf]nf . lsgeg] ;a} 7]ufgx¿sf] tfnf
vf]Ng'kg]{ x'G5xf]nf Û of] n8skgsf] s'/f xf] . s] h;nfO{ rfxG5 To;nfO{ lagf k'0o sd{sf] P]Zjo{
lbG5 < / 36\a9 ub{5 < olb o:t} xf] eg] t, Tof] a8f] cGofosf/L xf] . ca x]g'{xf];\ s'/fg
agfpg]jfnfsf] rt'/fO{ Û ls h;af6 :qL klg df]lxt eP/ km;"g\ . olb hf] rfxG5 pTkÌ ub{5 eg] t
bf];|f] v'bfnfO{ klg pTkÌ ug{ ;Sb5 ls ;Sb}g < olb ug{ ;Sb}g eg] t ;j{zlQmdQf oxfFg]/
cl8\sof] . enf dg'ionfO{ t v'bfn] h;nfO{ rfxG5 5f]/f–5f]/L lbG5, k/Gt' s'v'/f, df5f, ;'Fu'/ cflb
h;sf] y'k|} 5f]/f–5f]/L x'G5g\ ltgnfO{ s;n] lbG5 < / :qL k'?ifsf] ;dfud lagf lsg lb+b}g <
s;}nfO{ cfˆgf] OR5fn] afFemf] /fv]/ b'Mv lsg lbG5 < jfx Û v'bf slt t]h:jL 5 ls p;sf] ;fd'Ì]
s;}n] s'/f ug{ ;Sb}g Û k/Gt' p;n] klxnf eg]sf] 5 ls kbf{ xfn]/ s'/f ug{ ;Sb5 jf kml/Ztfx¿n]
v'bf;Fu s'/f ug{ ;Sb5g\ cyjf k}uDa/n] . olb o:t} s'/f xf] eg] t kml/Ztf / k}uDa/n] v'a cfˆgf]
dtna lvRb5g\ xf]nf Û olb sf]O{ eGb5 ls v'bf ;j{1 ;j{Jofks xf], ta t …kbf{ /fv]/ s'/f ug{ /
x'nfsLn] e}+m va/ dufP/ hfÌ'–n]Vg'Ú Joy{ 5 . olb o:t} xf] eg] t, Tof] v'bf g} xf]Og lsGt' rfnfs
dg'io xf]nf . o;}n] of] s'/fg slxNo} O{Zj/s[t x'g ;Sb}g ..!$%..
d"n—!$^— ha O{;f :ki6 k|df0fx¿sf] ;fydf cfof] ..
—d+lhn ^÷l;kf/f @%÷$# ;"/M ch–h'v?km÷cfot ^# ..
;dLIfs— olb O{;f klg v'bfn] k7fOPsf] xf] eg] t, p;sf] pkb]zsf] lj?4 s'/fg v'bfn] lsg
agfof] < k]ml/ s'/fgb]lv lj?4 O~hLn lsg agfof] < o;}n] oL lstfax¿ O{Zj/s[t xf]Ogg\ ..!$^..
d"n—!$&— o;nfO{ ;dft / l3;fb}{ g/ssf] dWo;Dd n}hfcf] .. / xfdLn] pg};Fu ljjfx
ul/lbg]5f}+ uf]/L 7"nf–7"nf cfFvf ePsL;Fu ..
—d+lhn ^÷l;kf/f @%÷$$ ;"/M cb–b'vfg÷cfot $&, %$ ..
;dLIfs— jfx Û s:tf] v'bf Gofosf/L x'Fb} kqmfpg] / k|f0fLx¿nfO{ l3;fg]{ < ha
d';ndfgx¿sf] v'bf g} o:tf] 5 eg] t, To;sf pkf;s d';ndfg cgfy lga{nx¿nfO{ ;dft]/
l3;f/]df t o;df s] cfZro{ x'G5 < / p;n] ;+;f/L dg'ios} ;dfg ljjfx klg u/fpF5, hfÌ' ls
d';ndfgx¿sf] k'/f]lxt g} xf] ..!$&..
d"n—!$*— olb sflkm/x¿;Fu d'7e]8 ePdf ub{gdf dfg'{, oxfF;Dd ls ha dhf;Fu /Qmkft
ePkl5 alnof];Fu afFlwlbg', To;kl5 pksf/ ug'{ of Ifltk"lt{ lng' .. / sof}+ o:tf a:tL h'g zlQmdf
ltd|f] o; a:tLb]lv clws tfstj/ lyP, h;n] ltdLnfO{ lgsfn], d}n] pgLx¿nfO{ gi6 ul/lbPF, sf]O{
pgLx¿sf ;xfos ePgg\ .. hÌt -:ju{_ sf] pbfx/0f, h;sf] jfbf 8/fpg]jfnfx¿;Fu ul/Psf] lyof],
h;sf] ljz]iftf of] xf] ls o;df gx/ aUb5g\, o:tf] kfgL ls h'g kl/jt{g x'Fb}g / b"wsf] gx/ x'g]5,
h;sf] :jfb ablnPsf] x'Fb}g, / dlb/fsf] gx/ x'g]5 h'g lkpg]jfnfx¿sf] nflu :jflbi6 x'g]5 /
dxsf] gx/ x'g]5 h'g cToGt} :jR5 x'g]5 .. / pgLx¿sf nflu cg]s k|sf/sf] kmn x'g]5 /
v'bflt/af6 Ifdf x'g]5 .. —d+lhn ^÷l;kf/f @^÷$& ;"/M d'xDdb÷cfot $, !#, !% ..
;dLIfs— o;}n] of] s'/fg, v'bf / d';ndfg cftÍ dRrfpg], ;a}nfO{ b'Mv lbg] / cfˆgf]
dtna ;fWg]jfn] bofxLg x'g\ . h:tf] oxfF n]lvPsf] 5 To:t} bf];|f, s'g} bf];|f] dtjfnfn]
d';ndfgx¿dfly u/]df t d';ndfgx¿nfO{ To:t} b'Mv h:tf] ls cGonfO{ lbG5g\, x'G5 ls x'Fb}g < /
a8f] kIfkftL x'g\ ls h;n] d'xDdb ;fx]anfO{ lgsflnlbP pgLx¿nfO{ v'bfn] df¥of] . enf Û h;df
z'4 kfgL, b"w, dB / dxsf] gx/ 5g\ Tof] ;+;f/b]lv clws x'g t ;Sb}g < / b"wsf] gx/ slxNo} x'g
;Sb}g < lsgeg] Tof] yf]/} ;dodf g} lau|G5 . o;}n] ubf{ a'l4dfg\x¿n] s'/fgsf] dtnfO{
dfGb}gg\ ..!$*..

o; cfotsf] efiodf …tkm;L/x';}gLÚ df n]lvPsf] 5 ls æd'xDdb ;fx]a b'O{ kbf{df lyP / v'bfsf] cfjfh
;'g] . Pp6f kbf{ h/Lsf] lyof] / csf]{rflx+ Zj]t df]tLx¿sf] lyof] . k]ml/ b'j} kbf{sf] aLrdf ;Q/L jif{ lx+8\g kg]{
of]Uo dfu{ lyof] <Æ a'l4dfgLx¿n] o; s'/fnfO{ ljrf/ ug'{xf];\ ls of] v'bf xf] ls kbf{sf] cf8 -kl5_ af6 s'/f
ug]{jfnL :qL < logLx¿n] t O{Zj/sf] g} b'b{zf u/fPsf 5g\ . sxfF j]b tyf pklgifbflb ;b\u|Gyx¿df k|ltkflbt z'4
k/dfTdf / sxfF s'/fgf]Qm kbf{sf] cf8b]lv s'/f ug]{jfnf v'bf Û ;fFrf] t of] xf] ls c/asf cljåfg\x¿ lyP, pQd
s'/f s;sf] 3/af6 Nofpg] <
 d"n—!$(— ha ls wtL{ y/y/fP/ sf+Kg]5 .. / kxf8 6'6]/ r"0f{–ljr"0f{ x'g hfg]5 .. tL
5l/Psf] w'nf] eP/ /xg]5g\ .. bfofF xftjfnf -;f}efUozfnL_, s;/L x'g]5g\ bfofF xftjfnf .. / afofF
xftjfnf -b'ef{UozfnL_, s;/L x'g]5g\ afofF xftjfnf .. dfly knË ;'gsf tf/x¿n] a'g]sf 5g\ ..
cfd'Ì]–;fd'Ì] lz/fgL /flvPsf] x'g]5 .. pgLx¿;Fu lszf]/ x'g]5g\ hf] ;b}j lszf]/fj:yfd} /xg]5g\ ..
lunf; / hu dlb/fn] el/Psf 3'ld/xFg]5g\ .. h;nfO{ lkpgfn] g t 6fpsf] b'Vg]5 g t a'l4df
ljsf/ cfpg]5 .. / :jflbi6 kmn hf] dgn] rfxG5 .. / kIfLsf] df;' hf] pgLx¿n] rfxG5g\ .. 7"nf
cfFvf ePsL :qLx¿ .. dfgf}+ n'sfOPsf df]tL x'g \ .. pRrsf]l6sf la5f}gf x'g]5g\ .. d}n] tL
dlxnfx¿nfO{ ljz]if ¿kaf6 agfPsf] 5' .. k]ml/ pgLx¿nfO{ s'df/L /flvPsf]5 .. dg df]xgLjfnL /
;dfg cfo'jfnL .. k]ml/ h;af6 cfˆgf] k]6 eg]{5f} .. a; s;d vfG5' tf/fx¿sf] l:yltx¿sf] .. / of]
7"nf] ;fIfL xf] ltdLn] hfg ..
—d+lhn &÷l;kf/f @&÷%^ ;"/M cn–jflsof÷cfot $–^, *–(, !%–@#, #$–#&, %#, &%,&^ ..
;dLIfs— ca x]g'{xf];\ s'/fg agfpg]jfnfsf] nLnfnfO{ Û enf k[YjL t sf+lk/fVb5 To;
;dodf klg sf+lk/xg]5 . o;af6 of] l;4 x'G5 ls s'/fg agfpg]jfnfn] k[YjLnfO{ l:y/ hfGbYof] Û
enf kxf8x¿nfO{ s;/L r"0f{ kfnf{ < olb w'nf]df ls/};/L ldn] klg ;"Id z/L/wf/L /xg]5g\ eg] t
pgsf] bf];|f] hGd lsg x'Fb}g < jfx hL olb v'bf z/L/wf/L x'Gy]g eg] t bflxg] / afofF cË s;/L
plEeGYof] < ha jxfF vf6 klg ;'gsf] tf/n] ag]sf 5g\ eg] t, l;sdL{ / ;'gf/ klg 5g\ xf]nf /
p8';n] 6f]Sb5g\ xf]nf < h;n] /flqdf ltgLx¿nfO{ ;'Tg klg lb+b}gg\ xf]nf . s] lz/fgL xfn]/ lgsDdf
au}+rfdf al;/fVb5g\ < of s]xL sfd ub{5g\ < olb al;/fVb5g\ eg] t vfPsf] cÌ klg kfFrg
gx'gfn] /f]uL eP/ zL3| db{5g\ klg xf]nf < / h;n] sfd ub{5g\ xf]nf oxfFsf] h:t} d]xgt / dhb'/L
xf]nf, kl/>d u/]/ lgjf{x ub{5g\ xf]nf, k]ml/ oxfF ;+;f/df / ltd|f] :ju{sf] au}+rfdf vfz} ljz]if s]
/Xof], s]xL klg /x]g . olb jxfF s]6fx¿ ;w}+ /xG5g\ eg] t, pgsf cfdf–afp klg /xG5g\ xf]nf /
;f;" Zj;'/ klg /xG5g\ xf]nf, ta t a8f] 7"nf] zx/ a;]sf] xf]nf . k]ml/ dnd"qflbsf] a9\gfn] /f]u
klg x'G5 xf]nf . lsgeg] ha kmn vfg]5g\, lunf;df kfgL lkpg]5g\ / Kofnfdf /S;L lkpgfn]
ltgLx¿sf] g 6fpsf] b'Vg]5, g t s'g}n] hF8Øfxf tfndf af]Ng]5, oy]i6 d]jf vfg]5g\ / hgfj/ clg
kIfLsf df;' n'5\g]5g\ . ta t cg]s k|sf/sf] b'Mv, kIfL / hgfj/ 5g\ xf]nf, xTof x'g]5 / xf8 hxfF
txfF ˆofFlsPsf xf]nfg\ / s;fO{x¿sf] bf]sfg klg xf]nf . jfx Û s] egf}+ logsf] au}+rfsf] k|;+zf Û ls
Tof] c/a b]z eGbf klg a9Lr9L b]lvG5 ÛÛÛ / ha df+; dB vfP/ lkP/ pGdQ x'G5g\, o;}n] /fd|L–
/fd|L l76L / l76f klg jxfF cjZo x'g'kb{5 gq eg] t o:tf gz]afhx¿sf] 6fpsfdf udL{ r9]/ k|dQ
x'g hfg]5g\ . cjZo y'k|} :qL–k'?ifx¿nfO{ a:gsf] nflu a8f–a8f la5f}gf rflxof] . ha v'bfn] s'df/L
s]6L au}+rfdf pTkÌ ub{5 ta s'df/ s]6f klg pTkÌ ub{5 xf]nf . enf Û s'df/Lx¿sf] t ljjfx hf]
oxfFaf6 pDd]bjf/ eP/ uPsf 5g\, pg}sf] ;fydf v'bfn] u/fof] xf]nf, k/Gt' tL ;bf /xg]jfnf
s]6fx¿nfO{ s'g} s'df/Lsf] ;fydf ljjfx n]v]g eg] t s] tL klg pg} pDd] bjf/x¿sf] ;fydf
s'df/Ljt\ agfP/ lbof] < o;sf] Joj:yf s]xL klg n]lvPg . of] v'bfdf 7"nf] e'n lsg x'g uof] < olb
a/fa/ cj:yfjfnL ;'xflug :qLx¿ kltnfO{ kfP/ au}+rfdf /xG5g\ eg] t 7Ls ePg, lsgeg] :qLx¿
eGbf k'?ifsf] cfo' b'O{ u'0ff, ;f9] b'O{ u'0ff rflxof], of] t d';ndfgx¿sf] :ju{sf] au}+rfsf] syf xf] .
/ g/sdf l;+xf]8 cyf{t\ 8d¿ j[IfnfO{ vfP/ k]6 eb{5g\ eg] t, s06s -sfF8f_ j[If klg g/s
-bf]hv_ df xf]nfg\, ta t sfF8f klg laHb5 xf]nf, pDn]sf] kfgL lkpgfn] g/sdf b'Mv klg x'G5
xf]nf . s;d vfg' k|foM e'm§fx¿sf] sfd xf], ;Rrfsf] xf]Og . olb v'bfn] g} s;d vfG5 eg] t
e'm6b]lv cnu x'g ;Sb}g ..!$(..
d"n—!%)— jxL xf] h;n] cfsfzx¿ / wtL{nfO{ 5M lbgdf k}bf u¥of], k]ml/ l;+xf;gdf
lj/fhdfg eof] .. O{dfg Nofcf] cNnfx / p;sf /;"ndfly / To;af6 vr{ u/ h;sf] p;n] ltdLnfO{
clwsf/L agfPsf] 5 .. sf] 5 h;n] cNnfxnfO{ C0f lbG5, c;n C0f ls To;nfO{ p;n] sof}+ u'0ff
ul/lbG5 .. —d+lhn &÷l;kf/f @&÷%& ;"/M cn–xbLb÷cfot $, &, !! ..
;dLIfs— olb 5M lbgdf k[YjL / cfsfzx¿nfO{ agfP/ cfsfzdf cf/fd u¥of] eg] t, Tof]
z/L/wf/L, Psb]zL, c;dy{ / yfSg]jfnf x'gfn] O{Zj/ x'g ;Sb}g . olb O{dfgdf k}uDa/ klg z/Ls
x'G5 eg] t v'bfsf] z/Ls eof] ls ePg < / d';ndfgx¿sf] dtdf v'bfsf] l;jfo klg O{dfg /fVg'
cfjZos x'gfn] nfz/Ls v'bfnfO{ eÌ' Joy{ 5 . s] v'bfsf] vhfgf cyjf e08f/df 6f]6f k¥of] jf
s;}n] n'6Øf] cyjf v'bfn] k}mg kmt"/Ldf gfz ul/lbof] ls hf] s;};Fu klg pwf/ -C0f_ dfUb5 /
a9fP/ lbg :jLsf/ ub{5 . enf Û o:tf–o:tf s'/fx¿ O{Zj/ / O{Zj/s[t k':tsdf slxNo} x'g
;Sb}g ..!%)..
d"n—!%!— cNnfxn] pgLx¿sf] nflu s7f]/ oftgf tof/ u/]/ /fv]sf] 5, lgZro g} g/fd|f]
sfd xf] hf] ltgLx¿n] u/] .. pgLx¿dfly z}tfgn] k"/f t/x;Fu cfˆgf] k|efj hdfof], ctM p;n]
cNnfxsf] ;DemgfnfO{ pgLx¿df la;f{Olbof], tL z}tfgsf ;d'bfojfnf x'g\ ..
—d+lhn &÷l;kf/f @*÷%* ;"/M cn–d'hflbnf÷cfot !%, !( ..
;dLIfs— olb d';ndfgL dhxanfO{ gdfÌ] / ltgLx¿ c;n x'g\, tL dfly v'bfn] qmf]w u/]df
t cGofo x'G5 ls x'Fb}g < / hf] d';ndfgx¿df b'i6 x'G5 To;l;t k|]d u/]df klg kIfkftL eP/ kfkL
x'g]5 . olb v'bfsf] ;[li6df z}tfg k|an x'G5 / To;nfO{ p;n] ;dfTg ;Sb}g, b08 lb+b}g, dfg{
;Sb}g, o;}n] v'bf ;j{zlQmdfg\ Gofosf/L klg xf]Og ..!%!..
d"n—!%@— Tof] e"ld n"l6Psf] cg';f/n] gafFl8sg cNnfxn] xh/tsf] cfwLgdf /flvlbof] ..
oxL e]b /fv] ls n'6 / l;Q}sf] dfndf, h'g n8fO{+af6 k|fKt ePsf] dfndQfdf x'G5 To;sf] kfFrf}+
efu cNnfxsf] nflu e]6 / rf/ efu ;]gf sf] nflu afFl8lbg] ..
—d+lhn &÷l;kf/f @*÷%( ;"/M cn–x>÷cfot @, ^ ..
;dLIfs— s] egf}+ Û ta g} d';ndfgx¿ n'6–df/ / km;fb ug{df 8/fpFb}gg\ ls h;sf v'bf /
k}uDa/n] n'6sf] e"ld cflbnfO{ klg :jLsf/ u/]/ lnP . lsgeg] To; n'6sf] dfndf kfFrf} efu
cNnfxsf] klg 5 . s] oL v'bf jf k}uDa/ n'6 u/fpg]jfnf ePgg\ . o:tf v'bf / k}uDa/nfO{ s'g}
a'l4dfg\n] dfÌ;Sb}g . st} o:tfsf s'/fsf] k|df0f x'g ;Sb5 < ..!%@..
d"n—!%#— cNnfx t tL dfG5]x¿;Fu k|]d ub{5, hf] p;sf dfu{df ldn]/ k+lQma4 x'Fb}
n8\b5g\ .. —d+lhn &÷l;kf/f @*÷^! ;"/M c;–;ˆkm÷cfot $ ..
;dLIfs— jfx 7Ls 5 Û o:tf–o:tf s'/fx¿sf] pkb]z u/]/ lar/f c/a b]z jf;Lx¿nfO{
;a};Fu n8fP/ zq' agfpFb} b'Mv lbP, k]ml/ dhxaL gfdsf] em08f p7fP/ n8fO{+ k}mnfP, o:tfnfO{
O{Zj/ a'l4dfg\ slxNo} dfÌ ;ls+b}g . h;n] dg'io hfltdf lj/f]w a9fpF5, ToxL ;a}sf] b'Mvbftf
x'G5 ..!%#..
d"n—!%$— olb ltdLn] cNnfxnfO{ /fd|f] C0f lbof} eg] t p;n] ltd|f] nflu sof}+ u'0f
a9fOlbg]5 / ltd|f] kfk Ifdf ul/lbg]5 .. —d+lhn &÷l;kf/f @*÷^$ ;"/M ct–tufa'g÷cfot !& ..
;dLIfs— of] C0f lng'–lbg' ;a} d'xDdb ;fx]asf] dtnasf] s'/f xf] . h;/L d"lt{k"hs d"lt{sf]
gfdaf6 dfG5]x¿b]lv wg lnP/ :jsfo{ l;4 ub{5g\, o:t} g} d'xDdb ;fx]asf] nLnf xf] . lsgeg]
O{Zj/nfO{ shf{ lngsf] nflu s'g} k|of]hg 5}g ..!%$..
b|i6Jo— xh/tn] Pp6L cfˆgL >LdtLnfO{ cfk"m / cfˆgf afFsL >LdtLx¿b]lv cnu ul/lbP .
xh/tnfO{ Pp6L pgsL do{d gfdsL afbL;Fu c;fWo} k|Llt ePsf] lyof] . k]ml/ o; s'/fnfO{ pgsL
Pp6L >LdtLn] yfxf kfP/ /f]lslbOg\ . xh/tn] l/;fP/ pgnfO{ 5f]8kq ul/lbP . of] cfot xh/tsf
pg} >LdtLx¿sf] nflu xf] . s'g} lbg s'g} >LdtL l/;fO{ xf]nL, To;} s'/fdfly of] cfot ptf/] ls—
æP] gaLsL :qLx¿ xf] Û of] 3d08 gu/ ls k}uDa/sf nflu xfdLx¿ dfq} xf}+, l;jfo ltdLdfq} xf]Og
c¿ klg >LdtLx¿ k]mg{ ;Sb5f} .Æ
d"n—!%%— P] gaL Û ltdLn] lsg To; rLhnfO{ x/fd -lglif4_ ub{5f} h'g cNnfxn] ltd|f]
nflu xnfn -j}w_ u/]sf]5, cfˆgf kTgLx¿sf] k|;Ìtf rfxgsf] nflu, / cNnfx a8f] bofn' / Ifdf
ug]{jfnf 5 .. olb k}uDa/n] ltdL ;a}nfO{ tnfs -5f]8kq_ lbPdf t p;sf] dflns ltd|f] abnfdf
ltdLx¿ eGbf /fd|f >LdtLx¿ p;nfO{ lbg]5, cf1fsf/L, d';ndfgL, s[t1, tf}af ug]{jfnL, Oafbt
ug]{jfnL, /f]hf /fVg]jfnL, ljwjf / s'df/L ..
—d+lhn &÷l;kf/f @*÷^^ ;"/M ct–tx/Ld÷cfot !, % ..
;dLIfs— Wofg lbP/ x]g'{xf];\ t Û s] v'bf d'xDdb ;fx]asf] 3/sf] leq / aflx/ k|aGw
ug]{jfnf enf ;]js 7xl/of] ÛÛ
k|yd cfotdfly b'O{ syf 5g\— Ps t of] xf] ls d'xDdb ;fx]anfO{ dxsf] za{t clt lk|o
lyof] . pgsL cg]sf}+ >LdtLx¿ lyP, tL dWo]df Pp6Lsf] 3/df lkpFb} hfFbf ca]/ ePsf]n] c¿nfO{
c;Xo k|tLt eof], pgLx¿sf lzsfot eÌ] ;'Ì] u/]kl5 d'xDdb ;fx]an] s;d vfP ls d}n] lkpg]
5}g .
bf];|f] of] xf] ls cg]sf}+ >LdtLx¿ dWo]df s'g} Pp6Lsf] kfnf] lyof] . To;sxfF /flqsf] hfFbfv]l/
Tof] rflx+ 7fpFdf lyOgÙ cfˆgf] lktfsxfF uPsL lyO{ . d'xDdb ;fx]an] Pp6L l76L cyf{t \ bf;LnfO{
af]nfP/ kljq u/] . ha >LdtLnfO{ o;sf] egs nfUof], ta ck|;Ì x'g uO{ . ta d'xDdb ;fx]an]
s;d vfP ls cfOGbf d}n] o:tf] ug]{5}g . / >LdtLnfO{ klg elglbP ls of] s'/f] ltdLn] s;};Fu
gug"{ . >LdtLn] :jLsf/ ul/g\ ls eÌ]5}g . k]ml/ pgn] csL{ >LdtL;Fu uP/ eg] . o;}dfly of] cfot
v'bfn] ptf¥of] æh'g j:t'nfO{ d}n] t]/f] nflu xnfn ul/lbPF, To;nfO{ t}+n] lsg x/fd ub{}5;\ <Æ
a'l4dfg\x¿n] ljrf/ ug'{xf];\ ls sxL+ v'bf klg s;}sf] 3/sf] lgu|fgL ub}{ lkmb{5 < / d'xDdb
;fx]asf] cfr/0f t o; s'/faf6 k|s6 g} ePsf] 5, atfpg'kg]{ s'g} cfjZostf g} 5}g .
k]ml/ bf];|f] cfotaf6 k|tLt x'G5 ls d'xDdb ;fx]al;t pgsL s'g} >LdtL ck|;Ì eO{xf]nL,
To;dfly v'bfn] of] cfot ptf/]/ To;nfO{ wDsfof] xf]nf ls— æolb t}+n] u8a8 ul/;\ / d'xDdb
;fx]an] tFnfO{ 5f]l8bP eg] t, pgsf] v'bfn] tF eGbf klg /fd|f s'jfF/L >LdtLx¿ pgnfO{ lbg]5 .Æ
hf] dfG5];Fu clnstf klg a'l4 x'G5, To;n] ljrf/ ug{ ;Sb5 ls of] v'bf–;'bfsf] sfd xf] ls
cfˆgf] k|of]hg l;l4sf] nflu Û o:tf–o:tf s'/faf6 of] l;4 x'G5 ls v'bfn] s]xL klg eGb}gYof], s]jn
b]z–sfnnfO{ x]/]/ cfˆgf] k|of]hgnfO{ l;4 ug{sf] nflu v'bfsf] tk{maf6 d'xDdb ;fx]a cfk}mn] eGbGy] .
hlt klg dfG5]n] v'bfsf] tk{maf6} xf] eg]/ 7f]s'jf ub{5g\, ltgLx¿nfO{ xfdLn] dfq} s], ;a}
a'l4dfgLx¿n] oxL eÌ]5g\ ls v'bf s] 7xl/of] dfgf}+ d'xDdb ;fx]asf] nflu >LdtL h'6fOlbg] ndL
7xl/of] ÛÛÛ
enf Û h;n] cg]s :qLx¿nfO{ /fVb5 Tof] O{Zj/sf] eQm jf k}uDa/ s;/L x'g ;Sb5 < /
h;n] Ps :qLnfO{ kIfkft u/]/ csL{nfO{ dfGo ub{5 eg] t, Tof] kIfkftL eP/ cwdL{ lsg xf]Og /
hf] y'k|} :qLx¿b]lv klg ;Gt'i6 geP/ afbLsf] ;fydf km:b5, To;df nHhf, eo / wd{ sxfFaf6
/xg]+ < s;}n] eg]sf 5g\ ls—
sfdft'/f0ff+ g eo+ g nHhf
hf] dg'io sfdL x'G5g\ ltgLx¿nfO{ cwd{b]lv eo of nHhf x'Fb}g . / logsf v'bf klg d'xDdb
;fx]asL :qLx¿ / k}uDa/sf emu8fsf] k}m;nf ug{df ;/k~r ag]sf] 5 . ca a'l4dfg\x¿n] ljrf/
ug'{xf];\ ls of] s'/fg s'g} ljåfg\ jf O{Zj/s[t xf] jf s'g} cljåfg\ dtnal;Gw'n] agfof] < :ki6 ljlbt
x'g hfg]5 ..!%%..
d"n—!%^— P] gaL Û emu8f / o'4 u/ sflkm/x¿;Fu, / sk6rf/L zq'x¿;Fu lhxfb u/ clg
pgLx¿dfly s7f]/tfn] k]lzg' .. —d+lhn &÷l;kf/f @*÷^^ ;"/M ct–tx/Ld÷cfot ( ..
;dLIfs— c¿ x]g'{xf];\ d';ndfgx¿sf v'bfsf] nLnf Û cGo dtjfnf;Fu n8\gsf] nflu k}uDa/
/ d';ndfgx¿nfO{ pS;fpF5, o;}n] cfh;Dd d';ndfgx¿ pkb|j ug{df k|j[Q /xG5g\ . k/dfTdfn]
d';ndfgx¿dfly s[kfb[li6 u/f];\ ls h;af6 logLx¿n] pkb|j ug{ 5f]l8lbP/ ;a};Fu ldqtfn]
rn"g\ ..!%^..
d"n—!%&— cfsfz kmf6\g]5 / To; lbg aGwg v's'nf] x'g]5 .. / kml/Ztfx¿ To;sf]
lsgf/fdf x'g]5g\, clg To; lbg ltd|f] dflnssf] l;+xf;gnfO{ cf7 hgfn] p7fPsf x'g]5g\ .. To; lbg
ltdLx¿nfO{ k]z ul/g]5, ltd|f s'g} klg u'Kt s'/f n'Sg}5}gg\ .. k]ml/ ;a}nfO{ ltgLx¿sf sd{–kq
pgLx¿sf bflxg] xftdf lbOg]5, ta ltgLx¿n] eÌ]5g\ ls n k9 d]/f] sd{–kq .. ca /x] tL JolQm
h;sf sd{–kq pgLx¿sf afofF xftdf lbOPsf] x'g]5, pgLx¿n] eÌ]5g\ ls sfz d]/f] sd{–kq dnfO{
glbPsf] eP .. —d+lhn &÷l;kf/f @(÷^( ;"/M cn–xfSsf÷cfot !^–!(, @% ..
;dLIfs— jfx s:tf] lkmnf];kmL / Gofosf] s'/f 5 Û st} cfsfz klg kmf6\g ;Sb5 < s] Tof]
j:qsf] ;dfg xf] / kmf6\g] < olb dflysf nf]snfO{ cfsfz eGb5g\ eg] t of] s'/f] ljBfb]lv lj?4
5 . ca s'/fgsf] v'bf z/L/wf/L x'gdf slQ klg ;Gb]x /x]g, lsgeg] l;+xf;gdf a:g', cf7 8f]n]nfO{
af]sfpg', lagf Tof] d"lt{dfg\sf] s]xL klg x'g ;Sb}g < / cufl8 jf k5fl8 cfpg]–hfg] s'/f
d"lt{dfg\sf] g} x'g ;Sb5 . ha Tof] d"lt{dfg\ 5 eg] t Psb]zL x'gfn] ;j{1, ;j{Jofks, ;j{zlQmdfg\
x'g ;Sb}g / ;a} hLjx¿sf sd{x¿nfO{ klg slxNo} hfÌ ;Sb}g . of] a8f] cfZro{sf] s'/f 5 ls
k'0ofTdfx¿sf] bflxg] xftdf sd{kqnfO{ lbg], :ju{df k7fpg] / kfkfTdfx¿nfO{ b]a|] xftdf sd{kq
lbP/ g/sdf k7fpg], sd{kq jfFr]/ Gofo ug]{ Û ;j{1sf] sfd xf]Og of] ;a} n8skgsf] s'/f
xf] ..!%&..
d"n—!%*— k9\b} To;lt/ kml/Ztf / ¿x -lha|Ln_ p;dfly r9]/ hfG5g\, Ps To:tf] lbgdf
h;sf] cjlw krf; xhf/ jif{sf] ;dfg x'G5 .. h'g lbg lrxfgaf6 t]hL;Fu lg:sg]5g\ h:tf] ls s'g}
nIo lt/ bf}l8P/ u}/fv]sf 5g\ .. —d+lhn &÷l;kf/f @(÷&) ;"/M cn–dcfl/h÷cfot $, $# ..
;dLIfs— ha kml/Ztfn] k9\b5g\ ta v'bfn] s] ub{5 < ;'Gb5 < s] k9\g ;Sb}g < olb krf;
xhf/ jif{sf] /flqsf] kl/0ffd xf] eg] t, krf; xhf/ jif{sf] lbg lsg agfPg < olb plt nfdf] lbg
5}g eg] t, Tolt nfdf] /ft klg slxNo} x'g ;Sb}g . /flqdf Gofo ug'{ 7Ls xf]Og lsGt' lbgdf g}
Gofosf] nflu 7Ls xf] . s] krf; xhf/ jif{x¿;Dd v'bf, kml/Ztf / sd{kqjfn] l7Ë} pleP ls a;]
cyjf hfuf/fd a;] < olb o:t} xf] eg] t ;a} /f]uL eP/ k'gM dg]{5g\ . s] lrxfgaf6 lg:s]/ v'bfsf]
srx/Llt/ bf}8G5g\ < pgLx¿sf] lrxfg;Dd ;"rgf s;/L k'Uof] < / tL ljrf/x¿nfO{ t hf] ls
k'0ofTdf, kfkfTdf 5g\ olt nfdf] ;do;Dd ;a}nfO{ bf}/f;'k'b{ -s'/fO_ df s}b lsg /fVof] < /
cfhef]ln v'bfsf] srx/L aGb xf]nf / v'bf tyf kml/Ztf lgsDdf a;]sf xf]nfg\ < cyjf s] sfd ub}{
xf]nfg\ < cfˆgf]–cfˆgf] :yfgdf a;]/ otf–ptf 3'Dg], ;'Tg], gfr tdfzf x]g]{ jf P]z cf/fd ub{5g\
xf]nf . o:tf] cGw]/ s;}sf] /fHodf 5}g xf]nf . o:tf–o:tf s'/fx¿nfO{ l;jfo hËnLn] afx]s bf];|f]
s;n] dfGb5 < ..!%*..
d"n—!%(— oBlk ltdLnfO{ t/x–t/x;Fu agfof] .. s] ltdLn] b]v]gf} ls cNnfxn] s'g k|sf/
;ft cfsfz Ps dfly Ps agfof] .. / To;df rGb|dfnfO{ k|sfz / ;"o{nfO{ bLks agfof] ..
—d+lhn &÷l;kf/f @(÷&! ;"/M g"x÷cfot !$, !%, !^ ..
;dLIfs— olb hLjx¿nfO{ v'bfn] pTkÌ u/]sf] xf] eg] t tL lgTo, cd/ slxNo} /xFg
;Sb}gg\ < k]ml/ :ju{df ;bf s;/L /xFg ;Sg]5g\ < h'g j:t' pTkÌ x'G5, Tof] j:t' cjZo gi6 x'g
hfG5 . cfsfznfO{ Psdfly csf]{ tnf s;/L agfpg ;Sb5 < lsgeg] Tof] lg/fsf/ / lje' kbfy{
xf] . olb bf];|f] rLhsf] gfd cfsfz /fVb5g\ eg] klg To;nfO{ cfsfz gfd /fVg' Joy{ 5 . olb
txdfly tx ub}{ cfsfz agfPsf] 5 eg] t, ;a}sf] aLrdf rGb|df / ;"o{ slxNo} /xFg ;Sb}gg\ . olb
aLrdf /fv] eg] t Pp6f dfly / Pp6f tnsf] kbfy{ dfq k|sflzt x'g]5, k]ml/ afFsLdf cGwsf/
/xg'kb{5 . o:tf] b]lv+b}g, o;}n] of] s'/f ;j{yf ldYof xf] ..!%(..
d"n—!^)— / of] ls dl:hb cNnfxsf] nflu xf], ctM ltdLn] cNnfxsf] ;fy c¿ s;}nfO{
gk'sf/ .. —d+lhn &÷l;kf/f @(÷&@ ;"/M cn–lhÌ÷cfot !* ..
;dLIfs— olb oxL s'/f] xf] eg] t d';ndfgx¿ …nfOnfx OlNnnfM d'xDdb/{;"nNnfMÚ o;
sndfdf v'bfsf] ;fy d'xDdb ;fx]anfO{ lsg k'sfb{5g\ < of] s'/f s'/fgb]lv lj?4 5 / olb lj?4
dfGb}gg\ eg] t s'/fgsf] s'/fnfO{ e'm6f] ub{5g\ . ha dl:hbx¿ v'bfsf 3/ x'g\ eg] t d';ndfg
dxfa'Tk/:t eP . lsgeg] h;/L k'/f0fL, h}gL ;fgf] d"lt{nfO{ O{Zj/sf] 3/ dfÌfn] a'Tk/:t 7xl/G5g\
eg], logLx¿ lsg xf]Ogg\ < ..!^)..
d"n—!^!— clg ;"o{ / rGb|df Psq ul/g]5 ..
—d+lhn &÷l;kf/f @(÷&% ;"/M cn–lsofdx÷cfot ( ..
;dLIfs— st} ;"o{ / rGb|df a6'Ng ;lsG5 < x]g'{xf];\ of] slt a];demsf] s'/f 5 . k]ml/ ;"o{
rGb| g} a6'Ngdf s] k|of]hg tyf cGo ;a} nf]sx¿nfO{ ga6'Ngdf s] o'lQm 5 < o:tf–o:tf c;Dej
s'/fx¿ k/d]Zj/s[t slxNo} x'g ;Sb5 < lagf cljåfg\x¿sf] cGo s'g} ljåfg\sf] klg x'Fb}g ..!^!..
d"n—!^@— pgsf] ;]jfdf o:tf s]6fx¿ bf}l8/fv]sf x'g]5g\ ls hf] ;b}j lszf]/ b]lvg]5g\,
ha ltdLn] ltgLx¿nfO{ b]Vg]5f}, ta ltdLnfO{ nfUg]5 ls 5l/Psf df]tL h:tf] .. tL dfly dl;gf]
xl/of] /]zdL j:q x'g]5, / afSnf] /]zdL n'uf klg, / pgLx¿nfO{ rfFbLsf afnf nufOFg]5 / pgsf]
dflnsn] dlb/f lkofpg]5 .. —d+lhn &÷l;kf/f @(÷&^ ;"/M cn–O+;fg÷cfot !(, @! ..
;dLIfs— s] xf] hL, df]tLsf j0f{ h:tf s]6fx¿ s]sf] nflu jxfF /flvG5 < s] hjfgx¿n] ;]jf
jf :qLx¿n] t[Kt ug{ ;s]gg\ < slt cfZro{ 5 ls of] dxf b':sd{ s]6fx¿sf] ;fy b'i6n] ub{5g\ .
To;sf] d"n oxL s'/fgsf] jrg xf] . / au}+rfdf :jfdL ;]jsefj x'gfn] :jfdLnfO{ cfgGb / ;]jsnfO{
kl/>d x'gfn] :ju{df b'Mv tyf kIfkft lsg x'G5 < / ha v'bfn] g} pgLx¿nfO{ dlb/f lkofpF5 eg]
t, Tof] klg pgLx¿sf] ;]jsjt\ 7xl/of], k]ml/ v'bfsf] a8fO s;/L /xFg ;Sb5 < / jxfF au}+rfdf :qL
k'?ifsf] ;dfud / ue{l:yltsf ;fy} aRrf–aRrLx¿ klg x'G5g\ ls x'Fb}gg\ < olb x'Fb}gg\ eg] t
pgLx¿sf] ljifo;]jg ug]{ s'/f Joy{ eof] / olb x'G5g\ eg] t hLj sxfFaf6 cfP < / lagf v'bfsf]
;]jfsf] au}+rfdf lsg hlGdP < olb hlGdP eg] t lar/fx¿nfO{ lagf O{dfg Nofpgfn] / v'bfsf]
elQm ugf{n] l;Q}df :ju{ ldNof] . s'g}nfO{ O{dfg Nofpgkg]{ / s'g}nfO{ l;Q}df wd{sf] ;'v ldNg
hfgfn] o; eGbf 7"nf] cGofo s'grflx+ xf]nf < ..!^@..
d"n—!^#— abnf lbOg]5 pgsf sdf{g';f/ .. / l6nlkn el/Psf Kofnf .. h'g lbg lha|Ln /
kml/Ztf k+lQm agfP/ pleg]5g\, s;}n] af]Ng] 5}g k/Gt' h;nfO{ /xdfgn] cg'dlt lbG5 / To;n]
plrt s'/f] eÌ]5 .. —d+lhn &÷l;kf/f #)÷&* ;"/M cg–gaf÷cfot @^, #$, #* ..
;dLIfs— olb sdf{g';f/ kmn lbg] ul/G5 eg] t, ;bf au}+rfdf /xFg] uf]/L, kml/Ztf / df]tL
h:tf s]6fx¿nfO{ s'g sd{sf] cg';f/ ;bfsf] nflu au}+rf ldNof] < ha Kofnf e/L–e/L /S;L lkpF5g\
eg] t d:t x'Fb} dft]/ lsg gn8\g] < / ¿x lg/fsf/ x'gfn] jxfF s;/L pleg ;Sb5 < / v'bf Tof]
;dodf pleG5 ls a:5 xf]nf < ..!^#..
d"n—!^$— ha ;"o{nfO{ a]l/g]5 .. ;a} tf/f d}nf x'g]5g\ .. kxf8nfO{ rnfOFg]5 .. / ha
cfsfzsf] 5fnf sfl9g]5 .. —d+lhn &÷l;kf/f #)÷*! ;"/M ct–tsjL/÷cfot !, @, #, !! ..
;dLIfs— of] a8f] a];demsf] s'/f xf] ls uf]nf] ;"o{nf]s s;/L a]g]{ < / tf/f d}nf s;/L x'g
;Sg]5g\ < / kxf8 h8 x'gfn] s;/L rNg]5g\ < / cfsfznfO{ s] kz' ;lDemof] ls p;sf] 5fnf
sf9\g] < of] a8f] d"v{tf / hËnLkgsf] s'/f xf] ..!^$..
d"n—!^%— / ha ls cfsfz kmf6\g]5 .. / ha tf/f 5l/g]5g\ .. / ha ;d'b|nfO{ lrl/g]5 .. /
ha lrxfg Ao'FtfOFg]5 .. —d+lhn &÷l;kf/f #)÷*@ ;"/M cn–OlGkmtf/÷cfot !, @, #, $ ..
;dLIfs— jfx hL s'/fgnfO{ agfpg]jfnf bfz{lgs Û cfsfznfO{ s;/L kmf6\g ;Sb5 < / tf/f
s;/L 5l/g ;Sb5 < / ;d'b| s] bfp/f xf] hf] lrg]{ < / lrxfgx¿ d'bf{ x'g\ hf] Ao'Ftfpg] < oL ;a}
s'/fx¿ aRrfsf ;b[z 5g\ ..!^%..
d"n—!^^— s;d 5 a''hf{jfnf cfsfzsf] .. lsGt' Tof] uf}/jzfnL s'/fg xf] .. ;'/lIft kl§sfdf
c+lst .. —d+lhn &÷l;kf/f #)÷*% ;"/M cn–a'¿h÷cfot !, @!,@@ ..
;dLIfs— o; s'/fgnfO{ agfpg]jfnfn] e"uf]n vuf]n s]xL klg k9]sf] lyPg . gq eg] t
cfsfznfO{ lsNnfsf] ;dfg a'hf{jfnf lsg eGYof] Û olb d]ifflb /fzLnfO{ a'h{ eGb5g\ eg] t cGonfO{
a'h{ lsg eg]g < To;}n] of] a'h{ xf]Og, ;a} tf/fnf]s x'g\ . s] Tof] s'/fg v'bf;Fu 5 < olb of] s'/fg
p;}n] u/]sf] xf] eg] t, Tof] klg o; eGbf clws ljBf / o'lQmn] lj?4 eP/ cljBfn] e/]sf] 5
xf]nf ..!^^..
d"n—!^&— pgLx¿n] Pp6f rfn rnfO/x]sf 5g\ .. / d}n] klg csf]{ rfn rnfO/x]sf] 5' ..
—d+lhn &÷l;kf/f #)÷*^ ;"/M ct–tfl/s÷cfot !%, !^ ..
;dLIfs— rfn eGb5g\ 7ukgnfO{, s] v'bf klg 7u xf] < / s] rf]/Lsf] pQ/ rf]/L / e'm6sf]
pQ/ e'm6 xf] < s] s'g} rf]/n] enfßLsf] 3/df rf]/L u/]df t, Tof] enfßLn] klg s] To;sf] 3/df
uP/ rf]/L ug]{ < ..!^&..
d"n—!^*— / ltd|f] dflns clg kml/Ztfx¿ k+lQmdf cfpg]5g\, aGbfx¿sf] Ps–Ps k+lQmg]/ ..
/ To; lbg g/s NofOFg]5 .. —d+lhn &÷l;kf/f #)÷*( ;"/M cn–kmh|÷cfot @@, @# ..
;dLIfs— eg hL Û h;/L sf]6jfnf jf ;]gfWoIfn] cfˆgf] ;]gf lnP/ k+lQm afFw]/ lkmb{5g\,
To:t} g} logsf] v'bfsf] 5 < s] g/s 3}+6f]h:tf] ;lDemPsf] 5, h;nfO{ p7fP/ hxfF rfxG5 ToxL+
n}hfg] . olb olt g} ;fgf] 5 eg] t c;+Vo s}bL To;df s;/L c6fpg ;Sg]5g\ < ..!^*..
d"n—!^(— ta cNnfxsf k}uDa/n] pgLx¿nfO{ eg] ls cNnfxsL pFm6gL / p;n] kfgL
lkpgaf6 ;r]t ag .. ta pgLx¿n] To;nfO{ e'm6f] agfOlbP, k]ml/ pFm6gLsf v'§f sfl6lbP, / pgsf
kfngxf/n] pgsf kfksf] sf/0f pgLx¿dfly ljgfz dRrfof], clg ;a}nfO{ df6f]df ldnfOlbof] ..
—d+lhn &÷l;kf/f #)÷(! ;"/M cz–zD;÷cfot !#, !$ ..
;dLIfs— s] v'bf klg pFm6gLdfly r9]/ ;}/ ug]{ ub{5 < gq eg] t s]sf] nflu /fVof] / lagf
sofdtsf] cfˆgf] lgodnfO{ tf]8]/ tL dfly tafxL lsg dRrfof] < olb dRrfof] eg] t b08 lbof],
k]ml/ sofdtsf] /ftdf Gofo / To; /ftsf] x'g' e'm6f] ;lDemg]5 < o; pFm6gLsf] n]vaf6 oxL cg'dfg
x'G5 ls c/a b]zdf pFm6, pFm6gLsf] l;jfo bf];|f] ;jf/Lsf] ;fwg x'g] lyPg . o;}n] s'g} c/a b]zLn]
s'/fg agfPsf] xf] ..!^(..
d"n—!&)— olb To;n] dfg]g eg] t xfdLn] 6fpsfdf ;dft]/ l3;fg]{5f}+ .. To; 6fpsfnfO{
h'g e'm6f], kfkL xf] .. xfdLn] klg g/ssf kml/Ztfx¿nfO{ af]nfpg]5f}+ ..
—d+lhn &÷l;kf/f #)÷(^ ;"/M cn–cns÷cfot !%, !^, !* ..
;dLIfs— o:tf] gLr rk/f;Lx¿sf] sfd l3;fg{af6 klg v'bf ar]g . enf 6fpsf] klg
slxNo} e'm6f] / ck/fwL x'g ;Sb5 < l;jfo hLjsf], sxL+ o:tf] klg v'bf x'g;Sb5 ls h;/L
sf/fuf/ cWoIfnfO{ lhNnfsf] xflsdn] af]nfPe}+m ..!&)..
d"n—!&!— d}n] o;nfO{ ptf/]sf]5' sb/ sf] /ftdf .. / ltdLn] s] hfGb5f} ls sb/sf] /ft s]
xf] < .. kml/Ztfx¿ / ¿x -lha|Ln–kljqfTdf_ o;df cfˆgf kfngxf/sf] cg'dltn] plqG5g\, k|To]s
cfb]z lnP/ .. —d+lhn &÷l;kf/f #)÷(& ;"/M cn–sb|÷cfot !, @, $ ..
;dLIfs— olb Ps} /ftdf s'/fgnfO{ ptf/] eg] t, Tof] cfot cyf{t\ To; ;dodf plqof] /
lj:tf/}–lj:tf/} ptfl/of] of] s'/f] ;To s;/L x'g ;Sb5 < k]ml/ /flq cFw]/f] x'G5, o;df s] ;f]Wg' 5 <
jxfF n]v]/ cfPsf 5g\ tn–dfly s]xL klg x'g ;Sb}g / oxfF n]Vb5g\ ls kml/Ztfx¿ / kljqfTdf
v'bfsf] x's'daf6 ;+;f/sf] k|aGw ug{sf] nflu cfpF5g\ . o;}n] :ki6 ljlbt eof] ls v'bf dg'iojt\
Psb]zL xf] . clxn];Dd b]lvPsf] lyof] ls v'bf, kml/Ztfx¿ / k}uDa/x¿ tLg cf]6fsf syf x'GYof],
ca Ps kljqfTdf rf}yf] klg lgl:sof] Û ca ghfg] of] rf}yf] kljqfTdf s] xf] < of] t O{;fO{x¿sf] dt
cyf{t\ lktf, k'q / kljqfTdf tLg cf]6fnfO{ dfÌfn] rf}yf] klg a9\g uof] . olb eGnfg\ ls oL tLg}nfO{
xfdLn] v'bf dfGb}gf}+, o:tf] klg x'g ;Sb5, k/Gt' ha kljqfTdf k[ys\ 5 eg] t v'bf, kml/Ztf /
k}uDa/nfO{ kljqfTdf eÌ'kb{5 ls kb}{g < olb kljqfTdf x'g\ eg] t Pp6fsf] dfq} gfd kljqfTdf
lsg < / pFm6, 3f]8f cflb hgfj/, /ft–lbg / s'/fg cflbsf] v'bfn] s;d vfg] ub{5, s;d vfg'
c;n dfG5]sf] sfd xf]Og ..!&!..
ca of] s'/fgsf] ljifonfO{ n]v]/ a'l4dfg\x¿sf] ;Dd'v :yflkt ub{5' ls of] k':ts s:tf] 5 <
dl;t ;f]Wof} eg] t, of] lstfa g O{Zj/, g ljåfg\ g t ljBfsf] g} x'g ;Sb5 . of] t yf]/}dfq o;df
bf]if k|s6 u/]+, o;sf] nflu ls wf]sfdf k/]/ cfˆgf] hGd Joy{ gu'dfpmg\ . h]–hlt yf]/} o;df ;To 5
Tof] j]bflb k':tsx¿sf] cg's"n x'gfn] h;/L dnfO{ u|fXo 5, To;/L g} cGo dhxasf x7 / kIfkft
/lxt ljåfg\x¿nfO{ / a'l4dfg\x¿nfO{ u|fXo 5 . o;sf] lagf h]–hlt o;df 5 Tof] ;a} cljBf,
e|dhfn / dg'iosf] cfTdfnfO{ kz'jt\ agfP/, zflGteË u/fpFb}, pkb|j dRrfP/, dg'iox¿df ljb|f]x
k}mnfP/, k/:k/ b'Mvf]Ìlt ug]{jfnf ljifo 5 . ;fy} k'g?Qm bf]ifsf] t s'/fg hfÌ' ls e08f/ g} xf] .
k/dfTdfn] ;a} dg'iodfly s[kf u/f];\ ls ;a}sf] k|Llt, k/:k/ d]n / Ps bf];|fsf] ;'vsf] pÌlt
ug{df k|j[Q xf];\ . h;/L d}n] cfˆgf] jf bf];|fsf dtdtfGt/x¿sf] bf]if kIfkft /lxt eP/ k|sflzt
ub{5', o;} k|sf/n] olb ;a} ljåfg\x¿n] u/]df t s] sl7gtf 5 ls k/:k/sf] lj/f]w 5'6]/, d]n eP/
cfgGbdf P]Sodt x'Fb} ;Tosf] k|flKt l;4 gxf];\ . of] yf]/}dfq s'/fgsf] ljifodf n]lvof], o;nfO{
a'l4dfg\ wfld{s hgx¿n] u|Gysf/sf] clek|fonfO{ ;De]m/ nfe p7fpmg\ . olb e|dn] sxL+ cGoyf
n]lvg uPsf] ePdf To;nfO{ z'4 ug'{xf]nf .
ca Pp6f s'/f] afFsL 5 ls w]/}h;f] d';ndfgx¿n] o:tf] eÌ] ub{5g\ / n]vfpg] jf 5kfpg]
ub{5g\ ls— æxfd|f] dhxasf] s'/f cyj{j]bdf n]lvPsf] 5 .Æ o;sf] pQ/ of] xf] ls cyj{j]bdf o;
s'/fsf] gfdf]lgzfg klg 5}g .
k|Zg— s] ltdLn] cyj{j]b ;a} x]/]sf 5f} < olb x]/]sf 5f} eg] t cNnf]klgifb\ x]/ Û of] ;fIfft\
To;df n]lvPsf] 5Ù k]ml/ lsg eGb5f} ls cyj{j]bdf d';ndfgx¿sf] gfd lgzfgf klg 5}g .
cyfNnf]klgifb+ JofVof:ofdM .
c:dfNnf+ ONn] ldqfj?0ff lbJoflg wQ] . ONnNn] j?0ff] /fhf k'g2{b'M .
xof ldqf] ONnf+ ONnNn] ONnf+ j?0ff] ldq:t]h:sfdM ..!..
xf]tf/ldGb|f] xf]tf/ldGb| dxf;'l/Gb|fM .
cNnf] Ho]i7+ >]i7+ k/d+ k"0f{+ a|Xdf0f+ cNnfd\ ..@..
cNnf]/;"ndxfdb/sa/:o cNnf] cNnfd\ ..#..
 cfbNnfa"sd]ssd\ . cNnfa"s lgvftsd\ ..$..
cNnf] o1]g x'tx'Tjf . cNnf ;"øo{rGb|;j{gIfqfM ..%..
cNnf CifL0ff+ ;j{lbJof+ OGb|fo k"j{+ dfof k/ddGtl/IffM ..^..
cNnM k[lyJof cGtl/If+ ljZj¿kd\ ..&..
ONnf+ sa/ ONnf+ sa/ ONnf+ ONnNn]lt ONnNnfM ..*..
cf]d\ cNnfONnNnf cgflb:j¿kfo cyj{0ffZofdf x+' x|L+
hgfgkz"gl;4fg\ hnr/fg\ cb[i6+ s'? s'? km6\ ..(..
c;'/;+xfl/0fL x+' x|L+ cNnf]/;"ndxdb/sa/:o
cNnf] cNnfd\ ONnNn]lt ONnNnfM ..!)..
.. OToNnf]klgift\ ;dfKtf ..
h'g o;df k|ToIf d'xDdb ;fx]a /;"n n]lvPsf] 5, o;}af6 l;4 x'G5 ls d';ndfgx¿sf] dt
j]bd"ns xf] .
pQ/— olb ltdLn] cyj{j]b x]/]sf 5}gf} eg] t, xfdLsxfF cfpg" Û cf/Deb]lv cGt;Dd x]/ .
cyjf hf] sf]xL cyj{j]bLsxfF uP/ aL; sf08o'Qm dGq;+lxtf cyj{j]bnfO{ x]g{ ;Sb5f} . To;df sxL+
klg ltd|f k}uDa/ ;fx]asf] gfd jf dtsf] lgzfg b]Vg]5}gf} Û / h'g of] cNnf]klgifb\ xf] Tof] g
cyj{j]bdf, g o;sf] uf]ky a|fXd0fdf 5 jf g t s'g} zfvfdf 5 . of] t csa/zfxsf] ;dodf
cg'dfg 5 ls s;}n] agfof] . o;nfO{ agfpg]jfnf s]xL c/aL / s]xL ;+:s[t klg k9]sf] b]lvG5,
lsgeg] o;df c/aL / ;+:s[tsf kb n]lvPsf] b]lvG5 . x]/ Û c:dNnf+ ONn] ldqf j?0ff lbJoflg wQ]
OToflbdf h'g ls bz cÍdf n]lvPsf] 5 h:t}— o;df c:dfNnf+ / ONn] c/aL / ldqf j?0ff lbJoflg
wQ] of] ;+:s[t kb n]lvPsf] 5, To;/L g} ;j{q b]lvgdf cfPsf]n] s'g} ;+:s[t / c/aLnfO{ k9]sfn]
agfPsf] xf] . olb o;sf] cy{nfO{ x]g]{ xf] eg] t of] Psbd} s[lqd, co'Qm, j]b / Jofs/0fsf]–/Lltb]lv
lj?4 l;4 x'G5 . h:tf] of] pklgifb\ agfOPsf] 5, To:t} y'k|} pklgifb\x¿ dtdtfGt/jfn]
kIfkftLx¿n] agfPsf 5g\ . h:t} ls :j¿kf]klgifb\, g[l;+xtfkgL, /fdtfkgL, uf]kfntfkgL OToflb w]/}
agfPsf 5g\ .
k|Zg— cfh;Dd s;}n] o:tf] eg]g clxn] ltdLn] eGb5f}, xfdLn] ltd|f] s'/fnfO{ ;fFrf] s;/L
dfÌ] <
pQ/— ltdLn] dfGbfdf jf gdfGbfdf d]/f] s'/f e'm6f] x'g ;Sb}g . xf] Û h'g k|sf/n] o;nfO{
d}n] co'Qm 7x¥ofPsf] 5', To;} k|sf/af6 ha ltdLn] cyj{j]b, uf]ky jf o;sf] zfvfx¿sf] k|frLg
lnlvt k':tsx¿df h:tfsf] t:t} n]v b]vfP/ cy{;Ëltaf6 klg z'4 u/, ta t ;k|df0f x'g
;Sb5 .
k|Zg— x]/ Û xfd|f] dt slt c;n 5 ls h;df ;a} k|sf/sf] ;'v / cGtdf d'lQm ldNb5 .
pQ/— o:t} g} cfˆgf–cfˆgf dtjfn] ;a}n] eGb5g\ ls xfd|f] dt ;a}eGbf /fd|f] 5, afFsL ;a}
g/fd|f . lagf xfd|f] dtn] bf];|fsf] dtaf6 d'lQm ldNg ;Sb}g . ca xfdLn] ltd|f] s'/fnfO{ ;fFrf] dfÌ]
ls c¿sf < xfdLn] t oxL dfGb5f}+ ls ;Toefif0f, clx+;f, bof cflb z'eu'0f ;a} dtx¿df /fd|f 5g\
/ afFsL jfb, ljjfb, O{iof{, å]if, ldYofefif0fflb sd{ ;a} dtx¿df g/fd|f 5g\ . olb ltdLnfO{ ;To
dtsf] u|x0fsf] OR5f 5 eg] t, j}lbs dtnfO{ u|x0f u/ .
o; eGbf cufl8 :jdGtJof˜dGtJosf] k|sfz ;+If]kn] n]lvg]5 .

Olt >Ld2ofgGb;/:jtL:jflds[t] ;Tofy{k|sfz]

;'efifflje"lift] ojgdtljifo] rt'b{zM
;d'Nnf;M ;Dk"0f{M ..!$..

 cf]#d\
:jdGtJo–cdGtJosf] ljifodf k|sfz
;j{tGq l;4fGt cyf{t\ ;fd|fHo ;fj{hlgs wd{ h;nfO{ ;bfb]lv ;a}n] dfGb} cfP, dfGb5g\ /
dfÌ]5g\ klg, To;}n] o;nfO{ ;gftg lgTowd{ eGb5g\ ls h;sf] sf]xL klg lj/f]wL x'g g;s"g\ . olb
cljBfo'Qmhg cyjf s'g} dtjfnfn] e|dfPsf] o;nfO{ cGoyf hfÌ] jf dfÌ] To;nfO{ :jLsf/ s'g} klg
a'l4dfg\n] ub}{g, lsGt' h;nfO{ cfKt cyf{t\ ;TodfgL, ;TojfbL, ;Tosf/L, k/f]ksf/s kIfkft/lxt
ljåfg\n] dfGb5g\ ToxL ;a}sf] dGtJo / h;nfO{ dfGb}gg\ Tof] cdGtJo x'gfsf] sf/0f To;sf] k|df0f
x'Fb}g . ca h'g j]bflb ;Tozf:q / a|Xdfb]lv lnP/ h}ldlgd'lg ko{Gtn] dfg]sf] O{Zj/flb kbfy{
h;nfO{ ls d}n] klg dfGb5' ;a} ;Hhg dxfzox¿sf] ;fd'Ì] k|sflzt ub{5' .
d cfˆgf] dGtJodf p;}nfO{ hfGb5' ls hf] tLg} sfndf Ps ;dfg ;a}sf] ;fd'Ì] dfÌ of]Uo
5 . d]/f] s'g} gjLg sNkgf jf dtdtfGt/ rnfpg] n]zdfq klg clek|fo xf]Og lsGt' h'g ;To 5,
To;nfO{ dfÌ', dgfpg' / h'g c;To 5, To;nfO{ 5f]8\g' / 5f]8fpg' d]/f] ceLi6 xf] . olb d}n] kIfkft
ub{y]+ eg] t cfof{jt{df k|rl/t dtx¿df s'g} Ps dtsf] cfu|xL x'Gy]+ lsGt' h'g–h'g cfof{jt{ jf oL
b]zx¿df cwd{o'Qm rfnrng 5g\, To;nfO{ :jLsf/ / h'g wd{o'Qm s'/fx¿ 5g\, ltgnfO{ Tofu
ulb{gy]+, g ug{ g} rfxG5' lsgeg] o:tf] ug'{ dg'iowd{b]lv alxM xf] .
dg'io To;nfO{ eÌ'kb{5 ls hf] dggzLn eP/ :jfTdjt\ cGox¿sf] ;'v–b'Mv / xflg–
nfenfO ;lDemof];\ . cGofosf/L anjfg\b]lv klg g8/f];\ / wdf{Tdf lga{nl;t klg 8/fcf];\ .
olQdfq} xf]Og lsGt' cfˆgf] ;j{ ;fdYo{n] wdf{Tdfx¿— ls rfx] ltgLx¿ dxf cgfy, lga{n /
u'0f/lxt xf]pmg\— ltgsf] /Iff, pÌlt, lk|ofr/0f / cwdL{ rfx] rqmjtL{, ;gfy, dxfanjfg\ / u'0fjfg\
klg xf];\ tyflk To;sf] gfz, cjglt / clk|ofr/0f ;w}+ u/f];\ . cyf{t\ hxfF;Dd x'g;Sb5 ToxfF;Dd
cGofosf/Lx¿sf] ansf] xflg / Gofosf/Lx¿sf] ansf] pÌlt ;j{yf ug]{ u/f];\ . o; sfddf rfx]
p;nfO{ slt g} bf?0f b'Mv k|fKt lsg gxf];\, rfx] k|f0f g} lsg ghfcf];\ . k/Gt' o; dg'iokg¿kL
wd{b]lv k[ys\ slxNo} gxf];\ . o;df >Ldfg\ dxf/fh] et[{xl/, Jof;hL / dg'n] Znf]s n]v]sf 5g\,
ltgLx¿sf] n]Vg' pko'Qm ;De]m/ n]Vb}5'—
lgGbGt' gLltlgk'0ff olb jf :t'jGt' nIdLM ;dfljzt' uR5t' jf oy]i6d\ .
cB}j jf d/0fd:t' o'ufGt/] jf GoføoTkyM k|ljrnlGt kb+ g wL/fM ..!..
—et[{xl/zts -gLltzts Znf]s *%_ ..
g hft' sfdfÌ eofÌ nf]efb\ wd{+ Toh]HhLljt:oflk x]tf]M .
wdf]{ lgToM ;'vb'Mv] TjlgTo] hLjf] lgTof] x]t'/:o TjlgToM ..@..
—dxfef/t [pBf]ukj{–k|hfu/kj{ -cWofo $)÷Znf]s !!–!@_] ..
Ps Pj ;'Å4df]{ lgwg]˜Kog'oflt oM . z/L/]0f ;d+ gfz+ ;j{dGol4 uR5lt ..#..
—dg':d[lt -cWofo *÷Znf]s !&_ ..
;Tod]j hot] gfg[t+ ;To]g kGyf ljttf] b]jofgM .
o]gf˜˜qmdGTo[ifof] XofKtsfdf oq tT;To:o k/+ lgwfgd\ ..$..
—d'08sf]klgift\ -d'=#÷v+=!÷dGq ^_ ..
glx ;TofTk/f] wdf]{ gfg[tfTkfts+ k/d\ .
glx ;TofTk/+ 1fg+ t:dfT;To+ ;dfr/]t\ ..%.. —pklgiflb [t'ngf–dg':d[lt -c=*÷Znf]= !@_] ..
log} dxfzox¿sf] Znf]ssf clek|fos} cg's"n lgZro /fVg' g} ;a}sf nflu of]Uo 5 .
ca d}n] h'g–h'g kbfy{x¿nfO{ h:tf]–h:tf] dfGb5', ltg–ltgsf] j0f{g ;+If]kn] oxfF ub{5' ls
h;sf] ljz]if JofVofg ;d]t o; u|Gydf cfˆgf]–cfˆgf] k|s/0fdf d}n] ul/lbPsf] 5' . o;df k|yd—
!— …O{Zj/Ú rflx+ h;nfO{ a|Xd, k/dfTdflb gfdn] k'sfl/G5, h'g ;lRrbfgGbflb nIf0fo'Qm 5,
h;sf] u'0f, sd{, :jefj kljq 5g\, h'g ;j{1, lg/fsf/, ;j{Jofks, chGdf, cgGt, ;j{zlQmdfg\,
bofn', Gofosf/L, ;a} ;[li6sf stf{, wtf{, xtf{ ;a} hLjx¿sf] sdf{g';f/ ;To Gofosf kmnbftf cflb
nIf0fo'Qm k/d]Zj/ 5, p;}nfO{ d}n] dfGb5' .
@— rf/} …j]bx¿Ú sf] ljBf wd{o'Qm O{Zj/k|0fLt ;+lxtf dGqefunfO{ lge|f{Gt :jtMk|df0f dfGb5',
cyf{t\ h'g :jo+ g} k|df0f¿k x'g\, ls h;sf] k|df0f x'gdf s'g} cGo u|Gysf] ck]Iff gxf];\ . h:t} ;"o{
jf k|bLk :jo+ cfˆgf] :j¿ksf] :jtMk|sfzs / k[lyJoflbsf k|sfzs x'G5g\ o:t} rf/} j]b 5g\, / rf/}
j]bsf a|fXd0f, 5M cË, 5M pkfË, rf/ pkj]b / !!@& -P3f/ ;o ;QfO{;_ j]bx¿sf zfvf h'g ls
j]bx¿sf] JofVofg¿k a|Xdflb dxlif{x¿n] agfPsf x'g\, ltgnfO{ k/tMk|df0f cyf{t\ j]bx¿sf] cg's"n
x'gfn] k|df0f / logdf h'g j]blj?4 jrg 5g\, ltgnfO{ ck|df0f ub{5' .
#— h'g kIfkft/lxt, Gofofr/0f ;Toefif0fflbo'Qm O{Zj/f1f j]bb]lv clj?4 5, To;nfO{ …wd{Ú
/ h'g kIfkft;lxt cGofofr/0f, ldYofefif0fflb O{Zj/f1feË j]blj?4 5, To;nfO{ …cwd{Ú dfGb5' .
$— h'g OR5f, å]if, ;'v, b'Mv / 1fgflb u'0fo'Qm cNk1 lgTo 5, To;}nfO{ …hLjÚ dfGb5' .
%— hLj / O{Zj/ :j¿k / j}wDo{b]lv leÌ / JofKo, Jofks / ;fwDo{b]lv cleÌ 5 cyf{t\
h;/L cfsfzb]lv d"lt{jfg\ b|Jo slxNo} leÌ lyPg, g 5, g x'g]5 / g slxNo} Ps lyof], g 5, g
x'g]5 o;} k|sf/ k/d]Zj/ / hLjsf] JofKo–Jofks, pkf:o–pkf;s / lktf–k'qjt\ cflb ;DaGwo'Qm
dfGb5' .
^— …cgflb kbfy{Ú tLg 5g\ . Ps O{Zj/, låtLo hLj, t[tLo k|s[lt cyf{t\ hut\sf] sf/0f,
log}nfO{ lgTo klg eGb5g\ . h'g lgTo kbfy{ 5g\, ltgsf u'0f, sd{, :jefj klg lgTo 5g\ .
&— …k|jfxb]lv cgflbÚ h'g ;+of]uaf6 b|Jo, u'0f, sd{ pTkÌ x'G5g\, tL ljof]usf] kZrft\
/xFb}gg\, k/Gt' h;b]lv k|yd ;+of]u x'G5 Tof] ;fdYo{ ltgdf cgflb x'G5, / To;;Fu k'g/lk ;+of]u
x'G5 tyf ljof]u klg, oL tLg}nfO{ k|jfxb]lv cgflb dfGb5' .
*— …;[li6Ú To;nfO{ eGb5g\, h'g k[ys\ b|Jox¿sf] 1fg o'lQmk"j{s d]n eP/ gfgf¿k aGb5 .
(—…;[li6sf] k|of]hgÚ oxL xf] ls h;df O{Zj/sf] ;[li6lgldQ u'0f, sd{, :jefjsf] ;fkmNo x'g' .
h:t} s;}n] s;};Fu ;f]Wof] ls g]q s]sf] nflu xf] < p;n] eGof] x]g{sf] nflu . To;/L g} ;[li6 ug]{
O{Zj/sf] ;fdYo{sf] ;kmntf ;[li6 ug{df g} 5 / hLjx¿nfO{ sd{sf] oyfjt\ ef]u u/fpg' cflb klg
xf] .
!)— …;[li6 ;st[{sÚ xf] . o;sf] stf{ k"jf]{Qm O{Zj/ xf] . lsgeg] ;[li6sf] /rgf b]Vgfn], h8
kbfy{df cfk}m oyfof]Uo aLhflb :j¿k aÌ] ;fdYo{ gx'gfn] ;[li6sf] …stf{Ú cjZo 5 .
!!— …aGwÚ ;lgldQs cyf{t\ cljBflb lgldQ;Fu 5 . h'g–h'g kfksd{ O{Zj/leÌf]kf;gf,
c1fgflb oL ;a}n] b'Mv kmn ub{5g\ . To;}n] of] …aGwÚ xf], ls h;sf] OR5f x'Fb}g t/ ef]Ug'kb{5 .
!@— …d'lQmÚ cyf{t\ ;a} b'Mvaf6 5'6]/ aGw/lxt, ;j{Jofks O{Zj/ / p;sf] ;[li6df :j]R5fn]
ljr/g', lgot ;do ko{Gt d'lQmsf] cfgGbnfO{ ef]u]/ k'gM ;+;f/df cfpg' .
!#— …d'lQmsf] ;fwgÚ O{Zj/f]kf;gf cyf{t\ of]ufEof;, wdf{g'i7fg, a|Xdro{af6 ljBfk|flKt, cfKt
ljåfg\x¿sf] ;Ë, ;ToljBf, ;'ljrf/ / k'?iffy{ cflb x'g\ .
!$— …cy{Ú h'g wd{af6 g} k|fKt ul/of];\ / h'g cwd{af6 l;4 x'G5, To;nfO{ …cgy{Ú eGb5g\ .
!%— …sfdÚ Tof] xf] ls h'g wd{ / cy{af6 k|fKt ul/of];\ .
!^— …j0ff{>dÚ u'0f sd{x¿sf] of]un] dfGb5' .
!&— …/fhfÚ To;}nfO{ eGb5g\ h;df z'e u'0f, sd{, :jefjaf6 k|sfzdfg, kIfkft/lxt
Gofowd{sf] ;]jL, k|hfx¿df lkt[jt\ jlQ{g] / pgLx¿nfO{ k'qjt\ dfg]/ pgLx¿sf] pÌlt / ;'v
a9fpgdf ;bf oTg ul//xf];\ .
!*— …k|hfÚ To;}nfO{ eGb5g\ h'g kljq u'0f, sd{, :jefjnfO{ wf/0f u/]/ kIfkft/lxt
Gofowd{sf] ;]jgn] /fhf / k|hfsf] pÌlt rfxFb} /fhljb|f]x/lxt /fhfsf] ;fydf k'qjt\ jQ"{g\ .
!(— h;n] ;bf ljrf/ u/]/ c;TonfO{ 5f]8\b} ;TonfO{ u|x0f u/f];\, cGofosf/Lx¿nfO{
x6fcf];\ / Gofosf/Lx¿nfO{ a9fcf];\, cfˆgf] cfTdfs} ;dfg ;a}sf] ;'v rfxf];\, To;nfO{ …Gofosf/LÚ
dfGb5' .
@)— …b]jÚ ljåfg\x¿nfO{, / cljåfg\x¿nfO{ …c;'/Ú, kfkLx¿nfO{ …/fIf;Ú, cgfrf/Lx¿nfO{
…lkzfrÚ dfGb5' .
@!— pg} ljåfg\x¿, dftf, lktf, cfrfo{, cltly, Gofosf/L /fhf / wdf{Tdf hg, kltj|tf :qL
/ :qLj|t kltsf] ;Tsf/ ug'{ …b]jk"hfÚ elgG5, o;b]lv ljk/Lt cb]jk"hf . oL hLpFbf d"lt{x¿sf] k"hf
st{Jo, oL d"lt{b]lv Ot/ h8–kfiff0fflb d"lt{x¿nfO{ ;j{yf ck"Ho ;DemG5' .
@@— …lzIffÚ h;af6 ljBf, ;Eotf, wdf{Tdtf, lht]lGb|otflbsf] a9f]Q/L xf];\ / o;}af6
cljBflb bf]if 5'6f];\ To;nfO{ lzIff elgG5 .
 @#— …k'/f0fÚ h'g a|Xdflbn] agfPsf P]t/]oflb a|fXd0f k':ts x'g\, ltg}nfO{ k'/f0f, Oltxf;,
sNk, ufyf / gf/fz+;L gfdn] dfGb5', cGo efujtflbnfO{ xf]Og .
@$— …tLy{Ú h;n] b'Mv;fu/af6 kf/ u/fcf];\ ls h'g ;Toefif0f, ljBf, ;T;Ë, odflb,
of]ufEof;, k'?iffy{ ljBfbfgflb z'e sd{ 5g\, ltg}nfO{ tLy{ ;DemG5', Ot/ hn:ynflbnfO{ xf]Og .
@%— …k'?iffy{ k|f/AweGbf 7"nf]Ú o; dfg]df 5 ls, h;af6 ;+lrt k|f/Aw aGb5 h'g ;'lw|+bfv]l/
;a} ;'lw|G5g\ / h'g lau|+bfv]l/ ;a} lau|G5g\ . To;}n] k|f/Awsf] ck]Iff k'?iffy{ 7"nf] xf] .
@^— …dg'ioÚ n] ;a};Fu oyfof]Uo :jfTdjt\ ;'v, b'Mv, xflg, nfedf jlQ{g' >]i7, cGoyf jlQ{g'
g/fd|f] ;DemG5' .
@&— …;+:sf/Ú To;nfO{ eGb5g\ ls h;af6 z/L/, dg / cfTdf pQd xf]cf];\ . Tof] lgif]sflb
ZdzfgfGt ;f]x| k|sf/sf] 5 . o;nfO{ st{Jo ;DemG5' / bfxsf] kZrft\ d[tssf] nflu s]xL klg
ug'{x'Fb}g .
@*— …o1Ú To;nfO{ eGb5g\ ls h;df ljåfg\x¿sf] ;Tsf/, oyfof]Uo lzNk cyf{t\ /;fog
h'g ls kbfy{ljBf To;af6 pkof]u / ljBflb z'eu'0fx¿sf] bfg, clUgxf]qflb h;af6 jfo', j[li6, hn,
cf}iflwsf] kljqtf u/]/ ;a} hLjx¿nfO{ ;'vL agfpFb5, To;nfO{ pQd ;DemG5' .
@(— h;/L …cfo{Ú >]i7 / …b:o'Ú b'i6 dg'ionfO{ eGb5g\, To;nfO{ d}n] klg dfGb5' .
#)— …cfof{jt{Ú b]z o; e"ldsf] gfd o; sf/0fn] /x]sf] xf] ls h;df cflb ;[li6sf] kZrft\
cfo{ hgx¿ lgjf; ub{5g\ k/Gt' o;sf] cjlw pQ/df lxdfno, blIf0fdf ljGWofrn, klZrddf c6s
/ k"j{df a|Xdk'q gbL 5 . oL rf/}sf] aLrdf hlt b]z 5g\, To;}nfO{ …cfof{jt{Ú eGb5g\ / hlt o;df
;bf /xG5g\, ltgLx¿nfO{ klg …cfo{Ú eGb5g\ .
#!— …cfrfo{Ú To;nfO{ eGb5g\, hf] ;fËf]kfË j]bljBfx¿sf] cWofks / ;Tofrf/nfO{ u|x0f /
ldYofrf/nfO{ Tofu u/fpFb5 .
#@— …lzioÚ To;nfO{ eGb5g\ ls h'g ;To lzIff / ljBfnfO{ u|x0f ug{ of]Uo wdf{Tdf,
ljBfu|x0fsf] OR5f / cfrfo{nfO{ lk|o u/fpFb5 .
##— …u'?Ú Tof] klg xf], h;n] dftf, lktf / ;TonfO{ u|x0f u/fpFb5 / c;TonfO{ 5'6fpFb5 .
#$— …k'/f]lxtÚ hf] ohdfgsf] lxtsf/L ;Tof]kb]i6f x'G5 .
#%— …pkfWofoÚ hf] j]bx¿sf] Psb]z jf cËx¿nfO{ k9fpFb5 .
#^— …lzi6frf/Ú h'g wdf{r/0fk"j{s a|Xdro{af6 ljBfnfO{ u|x0f u/]/ k|ToIfflb k|df0fx¿af6
;Tof˜;Tosf] lg0f{o u/]/, ;Tosf] u|x0f, c;TonfO{ kl/Tofu ug'{kb{5, oxL lzi6frf/ xf] / h;n]
o;nfO{ ub{5, Tof] …lzi6Ú elgG5 .
#&— k|ToIfflb cf7 …k|df0fx¿nfO{Ú klg dfGb5' .
#*— …cfKt… Tof] xf] hf] oyfy{jQmf, wdf{Tdf, ;a}sf] ;'vsf] nflu k|oTg ub{5, To;}nfO{ …cfKtÚ
eGb5' .
#(— …k/LIffÚ kfFr k|sf/sf 5g\ . o;df k|yd O{Zj/sf] u'0f, sd{, :jefj / j]bljBf, bf];|f]
cf7 k|ToIfflb k|df0f, t];|f] ;l[i6qmd, rf}yf] cfKtx¿sf] Jojxf/ / kfFrf}+ cfˆgf] cfTdfsf] kljqtf,
ljBf, oL kfFr k/LIffaf6 ;Tof˜;Tosf] lg0f{o u/]/ ;TonfO{ u|x0f / c;TonfO{ kl/Tofu ug'{kb{5 .
$)— …k/f]ksf/Ú h;af6 ;a} dg'iosf] b'/frf/, b'Mv 5'6f];\, >]i7frf/ / ;'v a9f];\, o:tf]
ug'{nfO{ k/f]ksf/ eGb5' .
$!— …:jtGqÚ …k/tGqÚ— hLj cfˆgf] sfddf :jtGq / sd{kmn ef]Ugdf O{Zj/sf] Joj:yfaf6
k/tGq, To;/L g} O{Zj/ cfˆgf] ;Tofrf/ sfd ug{df :jtGq 5 .
$@— …:ju{Ú— gfd ;'v ljz]if ef]u / To;sf ;fdfu|Lsf] k|flKt x'g' xf] .
$#— …g/sÚ— h'g b'Mv ljz]if ef]u / To;sf ;fdfu|Lsf] k|flKt x'g' xf] .
$$— …hGdÚ— h'g z/L/ wf/0f u/]/ k|s6 x'g' ;f] k"j{, k/ / dWo e]bn] tLg k|sf/sf] dfGb5' .
$%— z/L/sf] ;+of]usf] gfd …hGdÚ / ljof]u dfqsf] gfd …d[To'Ú eGb5g\ .
$^— …ljjfxÚ— h'g lgodk"j{s k|l;l4af6 cfˆgf] OR5f u/]/ kfl0f u|x0f ug'{nfO{ ljjfx elgG5 .
$&— …lgof]uÚ— ljjfx kZrft\ klt dg]{ cflb ljof]udf cyjf gk'+;sTjflb l:y/ /f]ux¿df :qL
jf k'?if cfkTsfndf :jj0f{ jf cfˆgf] eGbf pQd j0f{:y k'?if -jf :qL_sf] ;fy lgof]u u/]/
;Gtfgf]TklQ u/f];\ .
 $*— …:t'ltÚ— u'0fsLQ{g, >j0f / 1fg x'g', o;sf] kmn k|Llt cflb x'G5g\ .
$(— …k|fy{gfÚ— cfˆgf] ;fdYo{sf] pk/fGt O{Zj/sf] ;DaGwaf6 h'g lj1fg cflb k|fKt x'G5g\
ltgsf] nflu O{Zj/;Fu ofrgf ug'{ o;sf] kmn lg/ledfg cflb x'G5 .
%)— …pkf;gfÚ— h:tf] O{Zj/sf] u'0f, sd{, :jefj kljq 5g\, To:t} cfˆgf] ug'{ . O{Zj/nfO{
;j{Jofks, cfk"mnfO{ JofKo hfg]/, O{Zj/sf] ;dLk xfdL / xfd|f] ;dLk O{Zj/ 5, o:tf] lgZro
of]ufEof;af6 ;fIfft\ ug'{nfO{ …pkf;gfÚ eGb5g\, o;sf] kmn 1fgsf] pÌlt cflb xf] .
%!— …;u'0flgu'{0f:t'ltk|fy{gf]kf;gfÚ— h'g–h'g u'0f k/d]Zj/df 5g\ To;;Fu o'Qm / h'g–h'g
5}g ltgaf6 k[ys\ dfg]/ k|z+;f ug'{ ;u'0flgu'{0f :t'lt elgG5 / z'e u'0fx¿sf] u|x0fnfO{ O{Zj/;Fu
OR5f / bf]if 5'6fpgsf] nflu k/dfTdfsf] ;xfo rfxg' ;u'0flgu'{0fk|fy{gf / ;a} bf]ifx¿b]lv /lxt, ;a}
u'0fx¿b]lv ;lxt k/d]Zj/nfO{ dfg]/ cfˆgf] cfTdfnfO{ p;}lt/ / p;}sf] cf1fsf] ck{0f ug'{
lgu'{0f;u'0ff]kf;gf elgG5 .
o;/L ;+If]kdf :jl;4fGt b]vfOlbPF . o;sf] ljz]if JofVof o;} …;Tofy{k|sfzÚ s} k|s/0f–
k|s/0fdf 5, tyf e"ldsf cflb u|Gyx¿df klg n]v]sf] 5', cyf{t\ h'g–h'g s'/f] ;a}sf] ;fd'Ì] dfggLo
5, To;nfO{ dfGb} cyf{t\ h:tf] ls ;To af]Ng' ;a}sf] ;fd'Ì] /fd|f], / ldYof af]Ng' g/fd|f] xf], o:tf]
l;4fGtx¿nfO{ :jLsf/ ub{5' . / h'g dtdtfGt/sf k/:k/df lj?4 emu8f 5g\, To;b]lv d k|;Ì
5}g, lsgeg] log} dtjfnfx¿n] cfˆgf] dtsf] k|rf/ u/]/ dg'ionfO{ km;fP/ k/:k/ zq' agfOlbPsf
5g\ . o; s'/fnfO{ sf6]/, ;j{ ;Tosf] k|rf/ u/]/, ;a}nfO{ P]Sodtdf u/fpFb}, å]if 5'6fP/, k/:k/df
b[9k|Llto'Qm u/fP/, ;a}b]lv ;a}nfO{ ;'v nfe k'¥ofpgsf] nflu d]/f] k|oTg / clek|fo xf] .
;j{zlQmdfg\ k/dfTdfsf] s[kf, ;xfo / cfKthgx¿sf] ;xfg'e"ltaf6 of] l;4fGt ;j{q e"uf]ndf zL3|
k|j[Q eP/ hfcf];\ / h;af6 ;a} hgf ;xhn] wdf{y{ sfd df]Ifsf] l;l4 u/]/, ;bf pÌt / cfglGbt
e}/fv"g\, oxL d]/f] d'Vo k|of]hg xf] .

cndltlj:t/]0f a'l4dåøo]{if' .
cf]#d\ . zÌf] ldqM z+ j?0fM . zÌf] ejTjøo{df . zÌ OGb|f] a[x:kltM .
zÌf] lji0f'??qmdM .. gdf] a|Xd0f] . gd:t] jfof] . Tjd]j k|ToIf+ a|Xdfl; .
Tjfd]j k|ToIf+ a|Xdfjflbifd\ . Ctdjflbifd\ . ;Todjflbifd\ . tGdfdfjLt\ .
tåQmf/dfjLt\ . cfjLGdfd\ cfjLåQmf/d\ . cf]#d\ zflGtM zflGtM zflGtM ..
—t}lQ/Lo cf/0os -&÷!@_ ..

Olt >LdTk/x+;kl/j|fhsfrføof{0ff+ k/dljb'iff+

>Llj/hfgGb;/:jtL:jfldgf+
lzio]0f >Ld2ofgGb;/:jtL:jfldgf lj/lrtM
:jdGtJofdGtJol;4fGt;dlGjtM
;'k|df0fo'QmM ;'efifflje"liftM .
;Tofy{k|sfzf]˜o+ u|GyM ;Dk"lt{dudt\ ..
