NORMAN ROBERT

FOSTER
(born 1 June 1935) is a British architect whose company, Foster+ partners' ,
maintains an international design practice famous for high-tech architecture .
He is one of Britain's most prolific architects of his generation In 1999 he was
awarded the pritzker Architecture prize (Nobel prize of architecture)
 Design Philosophy
His philosophy always been guided by a belief that the quality of our
surroundings has a direct influence on the quality of our lives, whether
that is on the workplace, at home or in public realm

how architectural design changes over time to accommodate

changes in technology
to how it communicates a city’s past and present character
 Design Element
• Strength of size
• Curved lines
• Open planned
• Use of natural light
• Wide range of building material
• Attention to detail
• Flexible space
• Green power: wind and solar
• Energy saving measures
• Improve indoor air quality
• Water conservation
• Renewal building material
 His 3 works
• 30 St Mary axe the gherkin

• Tour cepsa

• City hall London

 30 St Mary axe the gherkin

• Type: Office Location London, United Kingdom

• Construction: 2001- 2004 Opening 28 April 2004
• Cost: £138,000,000.00
• Height: 180 meters (591 ft.)
• Floor count: 41 Floor area 47,950 sq. m (516,100 sq. ft.)
• Architect: Foster Norman
The fist ecological skyscraper in London
and rapidly recognizable addition to
skyline of city is located 30 St Mary Axe of
Baltic Exchange
The Gherkin is essentially an elongated,
curved, shaft with a rounded end that is
reminiscent of a stretched egg. It is
covered uniformly around the outside
with glass panels and is rounded off at the
corners. It has a lens-like dome at the top
that serves as a type of observation deck.
 site context
• highest design quality that would make a real contribution to the
urban environment of the City

• limitation of time

• Traffic , limited accessibility

 concept
Norman was inspired by the design of
aircrafts and the way that streamlined
bodies interacted with wind.

The shape of the tower

is influenced by the
physical environment of
the city. The smooth
flow of wind around the
building was one of the
main considerations.
The cigar-shaped structure has a steel frame with floors circular floor and
a glass front with diamond-shaped panels. The striped appearance and
swirling visible from the outside is the result of the energy saving system
of the building, which allows air to flow through the spiral ventilation
ducts.

At ground level, the base of the Gherkin is well integrated with an open
public square. The entrance has huge white spacers X. The top of the
tower, where visitors can find a hall covered with a conical dome glass is
even more spectacular. From here you have a breathtaking view of the
city. The building is unfortunately not open to the public.
The design of the Gherkin is heavily steeped in energy efficiency and
there are a number of building features that enhance its efficiency.
There were open shafts built in between each floor that act as
ventilation for the building and they require no energy for use. The
shafts pull warm air out of the building during the summer and use
passive heat from the sun to bring heat into the building during the
winter. These open shafts also allow available sunlight to penetrate
deep into the building to cut down on light costs. It has been said that
30 St. Mary Axe uses only half of the energy that a similarly-sized tower
would use.
 Structure
• Diagrid exterior structure
• Diagrid nodes at connections
• gerkin shape
• 5 degree rotation of floor plates
• wedge shaped light wells
There are two primary sructures
The Diagrid is the main structure (resisting horizontal and gravity loads)
-Aluminum coated tube steel
-series of two-stories-high, end to end arrangement.
-one full diamond is four-stories tall.
The Core (resisting gravity loads)
 Form
The overall cylindrical shape allows for the wind to move around the
building
this shape has effect the horizontal wind loads

• Decreased Buffeting
• Reduced Vibrations
• Diminished Fluttering
 Materials
In the construction of this building they have been used 10.000tn of
which 29 % corresponds to the structural regilla diagonally 24% to
central column and 47% for beam
The foundation beam 750mm in diameter, 333piles and 5500glass
panels diamond shaped
 City hall London

• Architect: Foster + Partners

• Location: London, England
• Completed: 2002
• Size: 130,000 sq ft
• Structural Engineer: Arup
• Owner: More London Development Ltd.
• Current Tenants: Greater London Authority
 Site context and Location
Position Located on the edge of the Thames, London City Hall takes full
advantage of its seclusion from traffic noise and fumes In addition, the
building is positioned to receive the fresh air of the Thames and
optimize energy performance according to its position on site and
orientation to the sun
The city hall is the one of symbol of capital In the 1980s, London’s local
government had been dissolved and the old government building was
transformed into a hotel and aquarium
With Prime Minister, Tony Blair’s commitment to bringing back a
London-wide government in 1997, the election of a new Mayor and
Greater London Authority called for a new government building

The City Hall project was an opportunity to express the values of the
newly formed governing body and act as a symbol of change for
London (11). The project brief called for a building to house the Greater
London Authority (GLA), which consists of the Mayor, London Assembly
and their support staff
 Concept
London City Hall’s building form is justified according to two main
design criteria that consist of democratic and environmental ideals
 Form
The exterior formal moves are derived from the desire to reduce the
total glass surface area of the building. In general, a spherical building
consumes 25% less energy than cubic building of the same volume.
Therefore, the solar heat gain and heat loss through London City Hall’s
building envelope is minimized
It seems so strange it has lot of weight reasons the buildings tries to
avoid direct light coming from the south and absorb , with sloping
glass façade the building has no front or back because the shape is
derived by geometrically modified sphere
The design was created with the highest demands of energy efficiency
in mind
The bulbous nature of the building helps to reduce its outer surface
area and thereby require less energy to heat. The entirety of the
building is accessible by a helical staircase that runs 500 meters to the
top floor.
It was constructed using over 4 tones of steel and 13,100 square
meters of concrete. During construction, two large pipes were installed
that tapped into the water table of the River Thames. These pipes
circulate cold water from these pipes throughout the building during
the summer months as a cooling device. This has greatly lessened the
energy impact of the building.
Commercial office buildings
Airports and Transportation
Urban infrastructures
 The best architecture comes from synthesis of all the elements
that separately comprise and inform the character of a building the structure
that hold it up the services that allow it to function its ecology the quality of
natural light the symbolism of the form the relationship of building to the
skyline or the streetscape the ways we move though or around it
Above all I believe that architecture is rooted in the needs of people
materials and spiritual measurable and intangible it must have the ability to
transcend function to add beauty as well as value to lift the spirits to move
us some way

Sir Norman Foster

 R.I.P
ZAHA HADID
(1950-2016)
 References
• http://www.skyscrapercenter.com/london/30-st-mary-axe/2369/
• http://www. archinomy.com/case-studies/669/30-st-mary-axe-the-
gherkin-London
www. Architectural.co.uk
THANK YOU