SOCIETY MEANS COMMUNICATION

John Deut
LAST SECOND (beginning of the word)
Canadian scientist Jo Godefroy What is Psychology? In his book, there is an
interesting drawing called "Evolutionary calendar". We will return to the drawing
itself in the introductory chapter of our book. At this point, let's turn to the
introductory part of the calendar. In it we read: Of the theories about how the
universe began, the most widely accepted theory today is the theory that the entire
universe began in a big bang about 15 billion years ago. Galaxies were formed as a
result of the explosion, and since then they have continued to move away from
each other at extremely high speeds. One year calendar can be used as a basis for
comparing the human civilization with the history of the Universe and the Earth.
then the big bang will occur in the first second of January 1st If we calculate based
on this calendar, the time that passed from the invention of the printed book to
today is only one second. If we take into account that newspapers appeared
decades after the invention of the printed book, and radio and television hundreds
of years after the invention of the printed book, according to Godefroy's Gradual
calendar, it turns out that modern mass communications are some fractions of a
second in the larger history. . Of course, it is difficult for us to imagine that the
history of world journalism can be equated to such a short period, and we cannot
agree with it. Because we know very well that many newspapers and magazines
published in different countries during the past five hundred and fifty years, as well
as the free press, have made a great contribution to the development of human
society. But the fact remains that the logic of Godfrey's drawing cannot be
questioned. So, from the point of view of the history of existence, we have to
accept the proof that the path traveled by all modern mass media is equal to one
second. But that's not the problem either. It should be recognized that humanity's
need for communication, moreover, mass media the issue of effectiveness is not
limited only this second,the ability to receive media messages in the form of audio,
visual and logical understanding has been formed in man by nature for millions of
years.
 Therefore, in order to correctly assess the importance, role and social impact of
modern mass media in human society, first of all, we need to know in what way
the reception of sound signals and visual media by people was created during the
long history. Most importantly, it is necessary to take into account that the ability
to think in people is formed very slowly. No one doubts that the need for
information, and then mass information, appeared in all human beings a hundred
thousand years ago, because only by using such information could he save his life
and continue to live. Where there is a demand, it is natural to try to satisfy it. So, it
was at that time, as a result of necessity, the first, primitive mass communications,
i.e. proto-communications, appeared. In short, when it comes to the history of
world journalism, in our opinion, it is not so correct to think in terms of only this
last second of the past, although the entire history of modern mass communications
is equal to this second. Because in such a situation, it will be difficult for us to
understand and correctly evaluate a number of processes and events that happened
before. For example, why did the printing press invented by the German craftsman
Logan Gutenberg spread rapidly throughout Europe? Or, why was television able
to overtake the press, which had five centuries of development, in just fifty years?
Based on this, the authors of the book found it necessary to take into account these
characteristics of the development of human society, which are related to human
nature, while defining its concept. Taking into account that the rapid spread of
journalism, which is a long-awaited discovery by people, is more dependent on the
psychological characteristics (archetypes) of people, it is better to briefly study the
previous periods in order to fully understand the last second. was seen. This is the
first reason why our book is not similar in structure to other works in this direction.
The second reason is related to how the history of world journalism has been
studied until now. The fact is that research on this topic has been carried out by
Western scientists. Naturally, they paid more attention to their countries and
regions. Perhaps that is why the scholars who paid serious attention to the proto-
journalism of the ancient world and the pre-journalistic forms that existed in
Europe in the Middle Ages almost did not pay attention to the East in the Ancient
and Middle Ages (see: Ychënova B.B. u istokov pub- licistiki. M.: MSU, 1989;
Voroshilov V.V. Journalism. SPb.: Mikhailova V.A., 1999 and others). In an effort
to fill this gap, the authors of the book in your hand have over-examined mass
communication in the ancient Near East they can be spoiled.
 In particular, it is clear that special importance was consciously given to the types
of information exchange before the press. Because, first of all, this kind of research
is being attempted for the first time, and secondly, we think that it would be useful
if western experts get to know the ancient history of mass communications in the
East in more detail. Naturally, for this, it will be necessary to translate the book or
its relevant part into a language widely used in the world and publish it. Of course,
these details required to go to conditional substantive reductions in other respects,
in order not to exceed the specified volume of the book. In particular, the authors
preferred to limit themselves to the coverage of the brief history of Kazakhstani
journalism in view of the fact that the media history of the former Union republics
has already been well developed and is sufficiently familiar to the current
generation of scholars of Uzbekistan. In fact, it can be proved by the similar
historical fate of the peoples who were under the former Soviet system, and the
fact that their means of providing information to the public operated on the basis of
common principles. This study was carried out by a group of the following
members of the Faculty of International Journalism of the Uzbekistan State
University of World Languages - UzDITU, the Faculty of International Relations
of the University of World Economy and Diplomacy JIDU, the Faculty of
Journalism of the National University of Uzbekistan UzMU and the Faculty of
Journalism of the National University of Kazakhstan KazMU carried out by
scientists:- MO'MINOV FA, doctor of philological sciences, professor, group
leader (UzDJTU): Preface, introductory chapter, chapters I, III, VI, XIV, XIX and
conclusion. NURMATOV A. candidate of philological sciences, associate
professor of UzDJTU. Chapters II and IX. SOLIYEVA M.Q., teacher (UzDJTU):
Chapters III and XII. MAHAMADALIYEV Kh.M., candidate of philological
sciences, associate professor (UzDJTU): Chapter IV. JABBOROV S.M., candidate
of philological sciences, senior teacher (UzDJTU). Chapters V, XI and XIII.
DADAKHONOVA. Oh, the teacher (UzDJTU): Chapter VII. MO'MINOVA F.I.,
doctor of philological sciences, prof. etc. (JIDU): VIII. Chapters X and XVII.
ESHBEKOV T.U., senior teacher (UzDJTU): Chapters XIV and XVI.
ISMAILOVA K.F., candidate of philological sciences, associate professor of
OZDITU: XV-bob. NURGOJINA SH.I. doctor of philological sciences, associate
professor (KazSU): XVIII- bob. ALLAMBERGENOVA P.Q., candidate of
philological sciences (UzDITU): parts of chapters XVII and XIX about
Karakalpakstan. This publication is on the theory and history of journalism in
Uzbekistan taking into account that it is the first textbook, the group of authors
Food appreciates feedback
 THE ERA OF MASS COMMUNICATIONS BEFORE THE PRESS
INTRODUCTORY CHAPTER
THE NEED FOR INFORMATION IS THE MAIN REASON FOR THE
EMERGENCE OF MASS COMMUNICATIONS
1st fast. From the big bang to the press
Commentary on the drawing by J. Godefroy. According to the opinion given by
the scientist, the universe appeared as a result of the Big Bang 15 billion years ago.
If we conventionally compare the period from this event to the present day of
mankind with the size of one year, we assume that 5 billion years have passed from
the Big Bang to the appearance of the Galaxy, that is, from January 1 to May 2 of
the year. . Then it turns out that the Solar System came into existence on August 9,
and the Earth appeared on September 14, that is, after another 5 billion years after
the Galaxy. Living life on Earth first appeared in the seas on October 20 of the
year, more precisely, 4 billion years ago. The differentiation of living beings from
each other began 1 billion years ago, that is, on December 7, when they were
divided into two different sexes. The first vertebrates appeared 500 million years
ago (December 19), the first terrestrial plants 450 million years ago (December
20), the first fish 400 million years ago (December 22), the first amphibians or
animals that could live on land 350 million years (December 23), the first reptiles
or crawling animals 300 million years (December 24), the first mammals 195
million years (December 26), the first birds 150 million years ago (December 27 in
December) appeared. Only after that, the first primates, that is, the highest group of
mammals, monkeys and humanoid creatures appeared on the Earth. This event
happened 700 million years ago (on December 30). Now let's move on to the
hours, minutes and seconds of December 31st. The first hominids appeared 7.5
million years ago (19.30). 4 million years ago, the first modern humans were
formed (21.45). 2.2 million years ago, homo habilis, productive, businessmen (i.e.,
able to make the first working tools), people standing on two legs, but still
bending, appeared (22.45). At the same time, these creatures began to live in the
form of a community (family, clan).