Section properties
Depth ha = 254.1 mm
width b = 254.6 mm
web thickness tw = 8.6 mm
flange thickness tf = 14.2 mm
root radius r = 20 mm
depth between fillets d = 185.7 mm
second moment of area y axis Iy = 11643 cm4
elastic modulus y axis Wel,y = 916 cm3
plastic modulus y axis Wpl,y = 1014 cm3
area Aa = 95.2 cm2
moduls of elasticity E = 210 kN/mm2
for S235 steel and t<16 mm fy = 235 N/mm2
Cross Section classification
e = 1.00
Outstand of compression flange
c = 0.5x (b-tw-2r)
= 103 mm
c/tf = 7.25
the limitting value for class 1 is c/tf<9e
= 9.00
Hence flange in compression is class 1
web subjected to bending
c= d = 185.7 mm
c/tw = 21.5930233
the limitting value for class 1 is c/tw<72e
= 72
Hence web in bending is class 1
therefore the cross section in bending at the construction stage is class 1. at the composite stage, the cross section will also be
Partial factors for resistance
Steel section
gM0 = 1.0
gM1 = 1.0
gM2 = 1.1
Steel Connector
gn = 1.25
Concrete
gc = 1.5
Reinforcements
gs = 1.15
Design resistance for the construction stage
cross sectional resistance of the steel beam
shear buckling
shear buckling should be verified using section 5 of 3-1-5 if;
hw/tw > 72e/h
h = 1
hw = ha-2tf
= 225.7 mm
hw/tw = 26.24
72e/h = 72.00
Hence shaer buckling of the web does not need to be verified
Vertical shear resistance
verify that
VEd/Vc,Rd < 1.00
Vc,Rd= Vpl,a,Rd = Av(fy/√3)
gM0
Av is the shear area and is determined as follows for rolled I and H sections with the load applied parallel to the web
Av = A-2btf+tf(tw+2r) but not less than hhwtw
= 2979.48 mm2
hhwtw = 1941.02 mm2
therefore,
Av = 2979.48 mm2
Plastic shear resistance
Vpl,a,Rd = Av(fy/√3)
gM0
= 404.25 kN
Maximum design shear for the construction stage, VEd
VEd = 72.9 kN
VEd = 0.180
Vpl,a,Rd
Hence shear resistance of cross section is adequate
Bending resistance
verify that
MEd/Mc,Rd < 1.00
As Vpl,a,Rd = 404.25
2 2
= 202.12 kN > VEd Hence no reduction required for
The design resistance to bending moment for class 1 and class 2 cross section is
Mc,Rd = Mpl,a,Rd = Wpl,y x fy
gM0
= 238290000
1000000.0
= 238.29 kNm
My,Ed = 164 kN
My,Ed = 164
Mc,Rd 238.29
= 0.688
Bending moment resistance is adequate
Shear Connection
design resistance of shear connectors
Shear connecto in a solid slab
the design resistance of a single headd shear connector in a solid concrete slab,
automatically welded in accordance with BSEN 14555, should be determined as the smaller of;
PRd = 0.8 x fu x pi xd x d x 0.25
gn
PRd = 0.29 x a x d x d x √(fck x Ecm)
gn
where a = 1.0 as hsc/d =
PRd = 81.7 kN
PRd = 73.7 kN
therefore PRd,solid = 73.7 kN
Shear connector in profiled steel sheeting
for profiled sheeting with ribs running transverse to the supporting beams PRd,solid should be multiplied by the fol
kt = 0.7 b0 hc
- 1
√nr x hp hp
for single stud per trough kmod = 1
bo = 145 mm
hsc = 95 mm
hp = 60 mm
nr = 1
kt = 1.69 x 0.58
= 0.99 but kt should not be taken greater than the
for shear connectors welded through the profiled sheeting, t<1.0 mm and nr=1
kt,max= 0.85
therefore kt = 0.85
hence, design resistance per shear connector in a rib where there is one connector per rib is;
PRd = kt x PRd,solid
= 62.67 kN
Design resistance per rib is = nr x PRd,solid
= 62.67 kN
for nr=2
kmod = 0.7
kt = 0.7 b0 hc
- 1
√nr x hp hp
kt = 1.20 x 0.58333
= 0.70
for shear connectors welded through the profiled sheeting, t<1.0 and nr=2
kt,max= 0.7
therefore kt = 0.70
PRd = kmod x kt x PRd,solid
= 36.01 kN per stud
the design resistance per rib is,
nr PRd = 72.03 kN
Degree of shear connection
for composite beams in buildings, the headed shear connectors may be considered as ductile when the minimum degree of sh
for headed shear connectors with
hsc > 4d and 16mm < d < 25mm
the degree of shear connection may be determined from
h = Nc/Nc,f
for steel sections with equal flanges and Le < 25m
h > 1-(355/fy)x(0.75-0.03Le), h>0.4
Le= distance between points of zero bending moments
for simply supported beams Le = 5.62 m
h = 0.12 > 0.4
therefore h = 0.40
Degree of shear connection present
to determine the degree of shear connection present in the beam first the axial resistances of the steel and concrete are requ
Determine the effective width of the concrete flange
at the mid span the effective width of the concrete flange is determined from;
beff = b0 + S bei
for nr=1
b0 = 0 mm
for nr=1
b0 = 80 mm assumed value
bei = Le/8 , but not greaer than bi
bi - is the distance from the outside shear connector to a point mid way between a
for nr=1 b1=b2 = 1.5 m
for nr=2 b1=b2 = 1.46 m
be1=be2 = Le/8
= 0.7025 m
for nr=1, be1=be2 = 0.7025 m
for nr=2, be1=be2 = 0.7025 m
Hence at the mid span the effective width of the concrete flange is
for nr=1, beff = bo+be1+be2
= 1.405 m
for nr=2, beff = bo+be1+be2
= 1.485 m
Compressive resistance of the concrete flange
the design resistance of the concrete is
fcd = fck/gc
= 16.67 N/mm2
Comprehensive depth of concrete for compressive resistance
hc = 55 mm
therefore compressive resistance of concrete flange
for nr=1,
Nc,f = 0.85 x xfcd x beff x hc
= 1094.73 kN
for nr=2,
Nc,f = 0.85 x xfcd x beff x hc
= 1157.06 kN
Tensile resistance of the steel member
Npl,a = fyAa
= 2237.2 kN
compressive force in the concrete flange
the compressive force in the concrete at full shear connection is the lesser of Nc,f and Npl,a
for nr=1,
Nc,f = 1094.73 kN
for nr=2,
Nc,f = 1157.06 kN
Resistance of the shear connectors
n = no.of shear connectors present to the point of maximum bending mome
for nr=1, n = Lex0.5/0.3
= 9.37
for nr=2, n = 2xLex0.5/0.3
= 18.7
for nr=1, Nc = n x PRd
= 587.02 kN
for nr=2, Nc = n x PRd
= 674.65 kN
Shear connection present
the degree of shear connection, h, is the ratio of the reduced value of the compressive force, Nc to the concrete compressive
for nr=1, h = Nc/Nc,f
= 0.54 > 0.4
for nr=2, h = Nc/Nc,f
= 0.58 > 0.4
Design resistances of the cross section for the composite stage
1. Vertical shear resistance
shaer buckling
no need to be verified
plastic resistance to vertical shear
Vpl,a,Rd = 404.25 kN
Maximum design shear for the composite stage is VEd
VEd = 218 kN
VEd = 218
Vpl,a,Rd 404.25
= 0.54
therefore the vertical shear resistance of the section is adequate
Resistance to bending
As Vpl,a,Rd = 404.25
2 2
= 202.12 kN > VEd Hence no reduction required for
1. resistance with one shear connector per trough (nr=1)
assuming that the plastic NA lies a distance xpl below the top of the top flange of the section,where
xpl = (Npl,a-Nc)/2fyb
= 13.79 < 14.2
PNA lies in the top flange
F1,a = F2,b = Nc
= 587.02 kN
F6,b = 2fybxpl = 1650.18 kN
F7,b = Npl,a = 2237.2 kN
Effective concrete depth for resisting the force = Nc/(0.85 fcd x beff)
= 29.49 mm
MA = (-)F1,b(K403 of concrete)-F6,b(slab.depth+0.5 x xpl)+F7,b (slab.depth+to
= 340.51 kNm
MEd =
MEd = 0
MRd 340.51
= 0 section is adequate
2. resistance with one shear connector per trough (nr=2)
assuming that the plastic NA lies a distance xpl below the top of the top flange of the section,where
xpl = (Npl,a-Nc)/2fyb
= 13.06 < 14.2
PNA lies in the top flange
F1,a = F2,b = Nc
= 674.65 kN
F6,b = 2fybxpl = 1562.55 kN
F7,b = Npl,a = 2237.20 kN
Effective concrete depth for resisting the force = Nc/(0.85 fcd x beff)
= 32.07 mm
MA = (-)F1,b(K403 of concrete)-F6,b(slab.depth+0.5 x xpl)+F7,b (slab.depth+to
= 350.92 kNm
MEd = 308.5
MEd = 308.5
MRd 350.92
= 0.87911596 section is adequate
ge, the cross section will also be class 1
t need to be verified
ed parallel to the web
ence no reduction required for bending moment resistance of the steel sectio need to be accounted for at any point along the beam
> 4
should be multiplied by the following reduction factor,
not be taken greater than the appropriate value kt,max given in 4-1-1/table 6.2
when the minimum degree of shea r connections given in 4-1-1/6.6.1.2 is achieved
he steel and concrete are required, Npl,a and Nc,f
r to a point mid way between adjacent webs
int of maximum bending moment
c to the concrete compressive force at full shear connection Nc,f
the section is adequate
ence no reduction required for bending moment resistance of the steel sectio need to be accounted for at any point along the beam
e section,where
h+0.5 x xpl)+F7,b (slab.depth+total depth of beam x 0.5)
e section,where
h+0.5 x xpl)+F7,b (slab.depth+total depth of beam x 0.5)
ny point along the beam
ny point along the beam
Thickness of the sheet = 1.2 mm
Cs = 135 mm
CGS = 0.5 x overall height
= 25.5 mm
Wr = 122.5 mm
dd = 51 mm
h = 125 mm
hc = 74 mm
d = 99.5 mm
profile length = 1155 mm
As = 2137 mm2
r= As/bd = 0.021477
n = Es/Ec
= 203/25
= 8.12
ycc = 43.919 mm < 74 Hence OK
Calculation of maximum bending moment
Slab thickness 125 mm
Dead = 3.125 kN/m2
Finishes = 0.5 kN/m2
Ceiling = 0.5 kN/m2
partitions = 1 kN/m2
Live = 15 kN/m2
n = 31.175 kN/m2
Span = 3m
MBM = 35.07 kNm
z = d-x/3
= 59.36 mm
Moment capacity = T x z x As
= 60.699 kNm
