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Chapter 18 - Study Guide - Answers

This document provides the answers to study guide questions about chemical equilibrium. It includes: 1) Expressions for the equilibrium constants of various chemical reactions. 2) Calculations of equilibrium constants using given concentration data. 3) Determining if reactions at given concentrations are at equilibrium or not. 4) Identifying stresses that can shift equilibrium and applying Le Chatelier's principle. 5) Solubility product constants and calculations involving solubility equilibria.

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235 views

Chapter 18 - Study Guide - Answers

This document provides the answers to study guide questions about chemical equilibrium. It includes: 1) Expressions for the equilibrium constants of various chemical reactions. 2) Calculations of equilibrium constants using given concentration data. 3) Determining if reactions at given concentrations are at equilibrium or not. 4) Identifying stresses that can shift equilibrium and applying Le Chatelier's principle. 5) Solubility product constants and calculations involving solubility equilibria.

Uploaded by

xr aim
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Chapter 18

Study Guide - Answers


1. Write the expression for the equilibrium constant for each of the following reactions.
a. H2(g) + Cl2(g)  2HCl(g)
[HCl]2
Keq =
[H2][Cl2]
b. N2(g) + 3 H2(g)  2 NH3(g)
[NH3]2
Keq =
[N2][H2]3
c. HCN(g)  H+(aq) + CN-(aq)
[H+][CN-]
Keq =
[HCN]
d. H2SO4(g)  H+(aq) + HSO4-(aq)
[H+][HSO4-]
Keq =
[H2SO4]
e. PbF2(s)  Pb2+(aq) + 2F-(aq)
Keq = [Pb2+][F-]2

2. From the data provided below, calculate the value of the equilibrium constant for the reaction.
a. H2(g) + Cl2(g)  2HCl(g)
[H2] = [Cl2] = 1.0 x 10-2; [HCl] = 1.0 x 10-4
2
[HCl]
Keq =
[H2][Cl2]

[1.0 x 10-4]2
Keq = = 0.0001
[1.0 x 10-2][ 1.0 x 10-2]

b. N2(g) + 3 H2(g)  2 NH3(g)


[N2] = 4.4 x 10-2; [H2] = 1.2 x 10-1; [NH3] = 3.4 x 10-3
2
[NH3]
Keq =
[N2][H2]3

[3.4 x 10-3]2
Keq = = 0.152
[4.4 x 10-2][ 1.2 x 10-1]3

3. For the reaction N2O4 (g)  2NO2 (g), Keq = 0.2. At a particular time, the following concentrations are measured;
[N2O4] = 2.0 M, [NO2] = 0.2 M. Is this reaction at equilibrium? If not, in which direction will the reaction proceed?

N2O4 (g)  2NO2 (g)


[N2O4] = 2.0 M
[NO2] = 0.2 M

[NO2]2
Q=
[N2O4]

[0.2]2
Q= = 0.02
[2.0]

Keq = 0.2

Q < Keq, so the reaction will proceed to the right (forward).


Chapter 18
Study Guide - Answers
4. For the reaction 2ICl (g)  I2 (g) + Cl2 (g), Keq = 0.11. At a particular time, the following concentration are measured;
[ICl] = 2.5M, [I2] = 2.0M, [Cl2] = 1.2M. Is this reaction at equilibrium? If not, in which direction will the reaction
proceed?

2ICl (g)  I2 (g) + Cl2 (g)


[ICl] = 2.5 M
[I2] = 2.0 M
[Cl2] = 1.2 M

[I2][Cl2]
Q=
[ICl]2

[2.0][1.2]
Q= = 0.384
[2.5]2

Keq = 0.11

Q > Keq, so the reaction will proceed to the left (reverse).

5. Name the 3 stresses that may be applied to a chemical equilibrium to cause it to shift.
a. Concentration
b. Temperature
c. Pressure (gases only)

6. Describe LeChatelier’s Principle.


When a system at equilibrium is subjected to a stress (a change in concentration, temperature, or pressure), the
equilibrium will shift in the direction that tends to counteract the effect of the stress.

7. For the reaction below, mark whether the stress listed will cause the reaction to move forward or in reverse.

Zn(s) + 2HCl(l)  ZnCl2(l) + H2(g); ∆H = -235kJ

a. Increase Heat e. Increase [ZnCl2] i. Decrease [H2]


b. Increase Pressure f. Increase [HCl] j. Decrease Pressure
c. Increase [H2] g. Decrease [HCl] k. Decrease Heat
d. Increase [Zn] h. Decrease [ZnCl2]
a. Forward reaction is exothermic (heat is a product), so increase in heat drives reaction in reverse.
b. Reverse reaction requires less volume (no gases produced), so reaction driven in reverse.
c. Reverse to consume added H2.
d. Forward to consume Zn.
e. Reverse to consume ZnCl2.
f. Forward to consume HCl.
g. Reverse to replace HCl.
h. Forward to replace ZnCl2.
i. Forward to replace H2.
j. Forward.
k. Forward.

8. In a system at equilibrium, the rates of the forward & reverse reactions are equal.

9. In a system at equilibrium, the concentrations of the forward & reverse reactions are constant.

10. Ksp depends on the temperature of the solution.


Chapter 18
Study Guide - Answers
11. How many ions are produced by the dissolution of a unit of CaCl 2?
Three ions are produced for each unit of CaCl2 – 1 Ca2+ and 2 Cl-.

12. When referred to in terms of Ksp, Q is called the ion product. If Q > Ksp, the solution is supersaturated and a
precipitate will form. If Q < Ksp, the solution is unsaturated and more solute may dissolve. If Q = Ksp, the
solution is at equilibrium.

13. What is the common-ion effect?


Shift in equilibrium that occurs because the concentration of an ion that is part of the equilibrium is changed.
For example, if you dissolve MgCl2 in water, this is what happens:

MgCl2(s) ↔ Mg2+(aq) + 2Cl-(aq)

Ions of both Mg2+ and Cl- would be floating around in the water. If you then add a second solution that also
has NaCl [NaCl(s) ↔ Na+(aq) + Cl-(aq) possibly], the added Cl- would cause the above reaction to shift in
reverse and MgCl2(s) would precipitate out of the solution. The “common ion” affects the equilibrium of one
of the reactions (LeChatelier’s Principle).

14. Write the expression for the solubility product constant for SrSO 4.

SrSO4(s) ↔ Sr2+(aq) + SO42-(aq)


Ksp = [Sr2+][SO42-]

15. Write the expression for the solubility product constant for A1 2(SO4)3.

Al2(SO4)3(s) ↔ 2Al3+(aq) + 3SO42-(aq)


Ksp = [Al3+]2[SO42-]3

16. Write the expression for the solubility product constant for AgI.

AgI(s) ↔ Ag+(aq) + I-(aq)


Ksp = [Ag+][I-]

17. A sample of SrCO3(s) is added to pure water and allowed to come to equilibrium at 25 oC. The concentration
of Sr2+ is 4.0 x 10-5M at equilibrium. What is the value of Ksp for SrCO3?

SrCO3(s) ↔ Sr2+(aq) + CO32-(aq)


Ksp = [Sr2+][CO32-]
The concentrations of Sr2+ and CO32- will be equal because their mole ratio is 1:1
Ksp = [4.0 x 10-5][4.0 x 10-5]
Ksp = 1.6 x 10-9

18. A sample of BaSO4(s) is added to pure water and allowed to come to equilibrium at 25 oC. The concentration
of Ba2+ is 1.05 x 10-5M at equilibrium. What is the value of Ksp for BaSO4?

BaSO4(s) ↔ Ba2+(aq) + SO42-(aq)


Ksp = [Ba2+][SO42-]
The concentrations of Ba2+ and SO42- will be equal because their mole ratio is 1:1
Ksp = [1.05 x 10-5][1.05 x 10-5]
Ksp = 1.10 x 10-10
Chapter 18
Study Guide - Answers
Added question:
A sample of AlCl3(s) is added to pure water and allowed to come to equilibrium at 25 oC. The
concentration of Al3+ is 3.05 x 10-3M at equilibrium. What is the value of Ksp for AlCl3?
AlCl3(s) ↔ Al3+(aq) + 3Cl-(aq)
Ksp = [Al3+][Cl-]3
The concentration of Cl- will be 3x the concentration of Al3+ because the mole ratio of Cl- to Al3+ is 3:1
Ksp = [3.05 x 10-3][ 9.15 x 10-3]3
Ksp = 2.34 x 10-9

19. What will be the equilibrium concentration of dissolved ions in a saturated solution of Pb(OH) 2 at 25oC? Ksp
for the reaction is 1.2 x 10-15.

Pb(OH)2(s) ↔ Pb2+(aq) + 2OH-(aq)


Ksp = [Pb2+][OH-]2
Setting the concentration of Pb2+ to x, and the concentration of OH- to 2x,
(the mole ratio of Pb2+ to OH- is 1:2), we get the following:
1.2 x 10-15 = [x][2x]2
1.2 x 10-15 = 4x3
3.0 x 10-16 = x3
6.69 x 10-6 = x
So, [Pb2+] is 6.69 x 10-6M and [OH-] would be twice that or 1.34 x 10-5M.

20. What will be the equilibrium concentration of dissolved ions in a saturated solution of SrSO 4 at 25oC? Ksp for
the reaction is 3.44 x 10-7.

SrSO4(s) ↔ Sr2+(aq) + SO42-(aq)


Ksp = [Sr2+][SO42-]
Setting the concentration of Sr2+ to x, and the concentration of SO42- also to x,
(the mole ratio of Sr2+ to SO42- is 1:1), we get the following:
3.44 x 10-7 = [x][x]
3.44 x 10-7 = x2
5.87 x 10-4 = x
So, [Sr2+] is 5.87 x 10-4M and [SO42-] would be the same.

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