might or might not reflect belief in paranormal pre- racy of predictions made by such scientifically validat-
cognition. Concerning Item 2, trained scientists (e.g., ed prognosticators as medical diagnosticians or meteo-
meteorologists, medical diagnosticians) use scientifi- rologists. Item 3 is also ambiguous in meaning. For
cally validated procedures to predict future events. example, are all human attempts at predicting the
Thus, endorsement of Item 2 might reflect either future foolish, including saving for retirement or pur-
belief in paranormal precognition or belief in the accu- chasing insurance policies? Alternatively, Item 3 might
Table 2
Revised Paranormal Belief Scale
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Please put a number next to each item to indicate how much you agree or disagree with that item. Use the
numbers as indicated below. There are no right or wrong answers. This is a sample of your own beliefs and
attitudes. Thank you.
1=Strongly Disagree 2=Moderately Disagree 3=Slightly Disagree
4=Uncertain 5=Slightly Agree 6=Moderately Agree 7=Strongly Agree
1. The soul continues to exist though the body may die.
2. Some individuals are able to levitate (lift) objects through mental forces.
3. Black magic really exists.
4. Black cats can bring bad luck.
5. Your mind or soul can leave your body and travel (astral projection).
6. The abominable snowman of Tibet exists.
7. Astrology is a way to accurately predict the future.
8. There is a devil.
9. Psychokinesis, the movement of objects through psychic powers, does exist.
10. Witches do exist.
11. If you break a mirror, you will have bad luck.
12. During altered states, such as sleep or trances, the spirit can leave the body.
13. The Loch Ness monster of Scotland exists.
14. The horoscope accurately tells a person’s future.
15. I believe in God
16. A person’s thoughts can influence the movement of a physical object.
17. Through the use of formulas and incantations, it is possible to cast spells on persons.
18. The number “13” is unlucky.
19. Reincarnation does occur.
20. There is life on other planets.
21. Some psychics can accurately predict the future.
22. There is a heaven and a hell.
23. Mind reading is not possible.
24. There are actual cases of witchcraft.
25. It is possible to communicate with the dead.
26. Some people have an unexplained ability to predict the future.
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Note. Item 23 is reverse scored. Traditional Religious Belief = Mean of Items (1, 8, 15, 22);
Psi = Mean of Items (2, 9, 16, 23); Witchcraft = Mean of Items (3, 10, 17, 24);
Superstition = Mean of Items (4, 11, 18); Spiritualism = Mean of Items (5, 12, 19, 25)
Extraordinary Life Forms = Mean of Items (6, 13, 20); Precognition = Mean of Items (7, 14, 21, 26).
96 The International Journal of Transpersonal Studies, 2004, Volume 23