Case Study IELTS

Reading 1: Introduction and reading overview

Bacalah teks di bawah ini dan tentukan (highlight/underline/bold):
a. kata-kata yang belum dipahami
b. kata-kata yang termasuk academic vocabulary
(https://www.examenglish.com/vocabulary/academic_wordlist.html )
Apakah kamu dapat menebak kata-kata yang belum dipahami dengan menggunakan context
reading?
Sleep helps reduce errors in memory
Sleep may reduce mistakes in memory, according to a first-of-its-kind study led by a scientist at
Michigan State University.
The findings, which appear in the September issue of the journal Learning El Memory, have
practical implications for many people, from students doing multiple-choice tests to elderly people
confusing their medicine, says Kimberly Fenn, principal investigator and assistant professor of
psychology.

Tips: Jika ingin menemukan academic words dari text, dapat menggunakan:
https://www.eapfoundation.com/vocab/academic/highlighter/

Contoh jawaban:
Academic vocabulary:
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Reading 2: Reading strategies

Coba aplikasikan strategi reading dengan menjawab 5 soal dari teks yang telah dibaca pada study case
sebelumnya!

Sleep helps reduce errors in memory

Sleep may reduce mistakes in memory, according to a first-of-its-kind study led by a scientist at
Michigan State University.
The findings, which appear in the September issue of the journal Learning El Memory, have
practical implications for many people, from students doing multiple-choice tests to elderly people
confusing their medicine, says Kimberly Fenn, principal investigator and assistant professor of
psychology.
‘It’s easy to muddle things in your mind,’ Fenn says. This research suggests that after sleep, you’re
better able to pick out the incorrect parts of that memory.’ Fenn and colleagues from the University
of Chicago and Washington University in St Louis studied the presence of incorrect or false memory
in groups of college students. While previous research has shown that sleep improves memory, this
study is the first one that looks at errors in memory, she said.
Study participants were ‘trained’ by being shown or listening to lists of words. Then, twelve hours
later, they were shown individual words and asked to identify which words they had seen or heard in
the earlier session. One group of students was trained at 10 a.m. and tested at 10 p.m. after the course
of a normal sleepless day. Another group was trained at night and tested twelve hours later in the
morning, after about six hours of sleep. Three experiments were conducted. In each experiment, the
results showed that students who had slept did not have as many problems with false memory and
chose fewer incorrect words. 
How does sleep help? The answer isn’t known, Fenn said, but she suspects it may be due to sleep
strengthening the source of the memory. The source, or context in which the information is acquired,
is a vital element of the memory process.
In other words, it may be easier to remember something if you can also remember where you first
heard or saw it. Or perhaps the people who didn’t sleep as much during the study received so much
other information during the day that this affected their memory ability, Fenn said.
Further research is needed, she said, adding that she plans to study different population groups,
particularly the elderly. ‘We know older individuals generally have worse memory performance than
younger individuals.
We also know from other research that elderly individuals tend to be more prone to false memories,’
Fenn said. ‘Given the work we’ve done, it’s possible that sleep may actually help them to reject this
false information. And potentially this could help to improve their quality of life.’

Complete the summary using the list of words and phrases, A-J, below.
Fenn’s Memory Experiments
The groups in the study saw or heard lists of words at 1 _________ times of the day.
After 2_________   hours, the groups tried to identify these words correctly in a test. Before
the test, one group had 3________ sleep and chose the words in the evening. The other group
had their test in the morning. In three experiments, the results were 4__________the groups
that had slept during the experiment remembered 5________   words correctly than the other
groups.
A more E less
B complex F ten
C 12 G different
D six H no
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I fewer J the same

Kunci jawaban: 1.G (different), 2.C (12), 3.H (no), 4.J (the same), 5.A (more)
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Reading 3: Descriptive passage & Reading 4: Understanding main ideas

Bacalah descriptive passage di bawah dan coba:
1. Highlight dan pahami academic vocabularies! (Tips: dapat menggunakan
https://www.eapfoundation.com/vocab/academic/highlighter ).
The students’ problem
A The college and university accommodation crisis in Ireland has become ‘so chronic’ that
students are being forced to sleep rough, share a bed with strangers – or give up on studying
altogether.
B The deputy president of the Union of Students in Ireland, Kevin Donoghue, said the problem
has become particularly acute in Dublin. He told the Irish Mirror: “Students are so desperate,
they’re not just paying through the nose to share rooms – they’re paying to share a bed with
complete strangers. It reached crisis point last year and it’s only getting worse. “We’ve heard of
students sleeping rough; on sofas, floors and in their cars and I have to stress there’s no student
in the country that hasn’t been touched by this crisis. “Commutes – which would once have been
considered ridiculous – are now normal, whether that’s by bus, train or car and those who drive
often end up sleeping in their car if they’ve an early start the next morning.”
C Worry is increasing over the problems facing Ireland's 200,000 students as the number
increases over the next 15 years. With 165,000 full-time students in Ireland – and that figure
expected to increase to around 200,000 within the next 15 years –fears remain that there aren’t
enough properties to accommodate current numbers.
D Mr. Donoghue added: “The lack of places to live is actually forcing school-leavers out of
college altogether. Either they don’t go in the first place or end up having to drop out because
they can’t get a room and commuting is just too expensive, stressful and difficult.”
E Claims have emerged from the country that some students have been forced to sleep in cars,
or out on the streets, because of the enormous increases to rent in the capital. Those who have
been lucky enough to find a place to live have had to do so ‘blind’ by paying for accommodation,
months in advance, they haven’t even seen just so they will have a roof over their head over the
coming year.
F According to the Irish Independent, it’s the ‘Google effect’ which is to blame. As Google and
other blue-chip companies open offices in and around Dublin’s docklands area, which are ‘on the
doorstep of the city’, international professionals have been flocking to the area which will boast
2,600 more apartments, on 50 acres of undeveloped land, over the next three to 10 years.
G Rent in the area soared by 15 per cent last year and a two-bedroom apartment overlooking the
Grand Canal costs €2,100 (£1,500) per month to rent. Another two-bedroom apartment at
Hanover Dock costs €2,350 (almost £1,700) with a three-bedroom penthouse – measuring some
136 square metres – sits at €4,500 (£3,200) per month in rent.
H Ireland’s Higher Education Authority admitted this was the first time they had seen
circumstances ‘so extreme’ and the Fianna Fáil party leader, Michael Martin, urged on the
Government to intervene. He said: “It is very worrying that all of the progress in opening up
access to higher education in the last decade – particularly for the working poor – is being
derailed because of an entirely foreseeable accommodation crisis.
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2. Tentukan main idea masing-masing paragraph!

3. Jawablah pertanyaan matching heading dan True/False/Not Given!

Questions 1-8

Reading Passage 1 has eight paragraphs, A–H.

Choose the most suitable paragraph headings from the list of headings and write the correct
letter, A–H, in boxes 1–8 on your answer sheet.

1. Cons of the commuting

2. Thing that students have to go through

3. Commutes have become common in Ireland nowadays

4. Danger of the overflow

5. Cause of the problems

6. Pricing data

7. Regression

8. Eyeless choice

Questions 9–14

Do the following statements agree with the information given in Reading Passage 1?

In boxes 9–14 on your answer sheet, write 

TRUE if the statement agrees with the information

FALSE if the statement contradicts the information

NOT GIVEN if there is no information on this

 9. The accommodation problem in Ireland is especially bad in Dublin.                           

10. Commutes are considered ridiculous.       

11. The number of students in Ireland is not likely to increase in the future.                  

12. Due to the opening of the new offices around Dublin, the number of local restaurants will go
up significantly over the next 3 to 10 years.         

13. The rent price went up by 15% last year.

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14. Michael Martin stated that crisis could have been omitted if the government reacted properly. 

Kunci jawaban:

1. D 8. E
2. A 9. True
3. B 10. False
4. C 11. False
5. F 12. Not Given
6. G 13. True
7. H 14. Not Given
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Reading 5: Locating and matching information & Reading 6: Matching sentence ending
Bacalah discursive passage di bawah dan coba:
1. Highlight dan pahami academic vocabularies! (Tips: dapat menggunakan
https://www.eapfoundation.com/vocab/academic/highlighter ).
2. Tentukan main idea masing-masing paragraph!
3. Identifikasi cohesive devices yang digunakan oleh penulis untuk menyambung ide!

Do e-cigarettes make it harder to stop smoking?

  (A) People trying to give up smoking often use e-cigarettes to help wean themselves off
tobacco. Most experts think they are safer than cigarettes but a surprising paper was published
recently - it suggests that people who use e-cigarettes are less successful at giving up smoking
than those who don't. "E-cigarettes WON'T help you quit," reported the Daily Mail. "Smokers
using vapers are '28% less likely to ditch traditional cigarettes,'" read the paper's headline. The
story was reported on many other websites around the world, including CBS: "Study: E-cigarettes
don't help smokers quit," it said.
  (B) The study causing the fuss was written by researchers at the Center for Tobacco Control
Research and Education at the University of California, and published in one of the Lancet's
sister journals, Lancet Respiratory Medicine. It is a meta-analysis, which means the authors
reviewed the academic literature already available on the topic. They sifted out the weaker
papers - ones that didn't have control groups, for example - and were left with 20.
  (C) The conclusion? Smokers who use e-cigarettes have a 28% lower chance of quitting than
smokers who don't use them, according to Prof Stanton Glantz, one of the authors. But while the
conclusion is surprising, so is the number of academics who have criticised the paper. One was
Ann McNeill, professor of tobacco addiction at Kings College London, whose own research is
included in Glantz's analysis. "This review is not scientific," she wrote on the Science Media
Centre website. "The information… about two studies that I co-authored is either inaccurate or
misleading… I believe the findings should therefore be dismissed.
  (D) "I am concerned at the huge damage this publication may have - many more smokers may
continue smoking and die if they take from this piece of work that all evidence suggests e-
cigarettes do not help you quit smoking; that is not the case." Prof Peter Hajek, director of the
Tobacco Dependence Research Unit at the Wolfson Institute also called the findings "grossly
misleading".
  (E) The critics are making three main points. First, the definition of e-cigarettes is a bit loose.
There are many different types - some look like cigarettes, others have tanks for the vaping
liquid, some are disposable and other are multi-use. They all deliver different doses of nicotine.
Many of the papers included in the analysis don't specify which type people are using, according
to Linda Bauld, professor of health policy at the University of Stirling. Another point is that the
studies vary in the way they measure how often people use e-cigarettes. "Some only assessed
whether a person had ever tried an e-cigarette or if they had tried one recently, not whether they
were using it regularly or frequently," Bauld says.
(F) Even the paper's author admits it's possible that in some of the studies e-cigarettes may only
have been used once, which he says would not be a good predictor of whether they had affected
people's ability to stop smoking. And there is another problem. You might expect, if you were
going to draw conclusions about how useful e-cigarettes are in helping people quit, to focus on
studies looking at people who are trying to give up. Prof Robert West, who heads a team at
University College London researching ways to help people stop smoking, says this analysis
mashed together some very different studies - only some of which include people using e-
cigarettes to help them quit.
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  (G) "To mix them in with studies where you've got people using an e-cigarette and are
not particularly trying to stop smoking is mixing apples and oranges," he says. Some of the
studies track smokers who use e-cigarettes for other reasons - perhaps because smoking a
cigarette in a bar or an office is illegal and they want a nicotine hit. "With the studies where
people are using electronic cigarettes specifically in a quit attempt the evidence is
consistent," says West, referring to two randomised control trials.
  (H) Both are quite small and one was funded by the e-cigarette industry. They took two
groups of smokers, and gave one real e-cigarettes, and the other a placebo. The studies
reach a broadly similar conclusion to a large, real-world study called the Smoking Toolkit run
by West. West's investigation follows people in their daily lives and assesses how
successful various methods of giving up smoking are - this includes nicotine patches,
medicines and going cold turkey. These studies suggest that people using e-cigarettes to
help them quit are 50% to 100% more successful than those who use no aids at all.
  (I) In his paper, Glantz acknowledges there are limitations to the research that he
analysed. He agrees there are problems with the way the use of e-cigarettes is measured
and accepts it's not clear which devices people are using. But he is sticking by his analysis
because he believes he has taken these factors into account. The editor of Lancet
Respiratory Medicine, Emma Grainger, defends the article too. She says she does not see a
problem with the paper and that it has been through the normal peer-review process.

4. Jawablah pertanyaan matching information!

Reading Passage 2 has nine paragraphs, A–I.

Which paragraph contains the following information?

Write the correct letter,  A–I, in boxes 1–9 on your answer sheet.

1. Possible damage

2. Shocking news

3. Mix of different studies

4. Misleading information

5. Types of e-cigarettes

6. A place where the controversial research was written

7. The defence of the article

8. A research by an e-cigarette industry

9. The consistent evidence

 
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Kunci jawaban:

1. D 6. B
2. A 7. I
3. F 8. H
4. C 9. G
5. E
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Reading 7: Identifying theories and opinion & Reading 8: Opinions and attitudes
1. Bacalah argumentative passage di bawah dan cari + pahami academic vocabularies (Tips:
dapat menggunakan https://www.eapfoundation.com/vocab/academic/highlighter)
2. Identifikasi pendapat masing-masing penulis!

Compliance Or Noncompliance For Children

A Many Scientists believe that socialization takes a long process, while compliance is the outset
of it. Accordingly, compliance for the education of children is the priority. Motivationally distinct
forms of child compliance, mutually positive affect, and maternal control, observed in 3 control
contexts in 103 dyads of mothers and their 26-41-month-old children, were examined as
correlates of internalization, assessed using observations of children while alone with prohibited
temptations and maternal ratings. One form of compliance (committed compliance), when the
child appeared committed wholeheartedly to the maternal agenda and eager to endorse and
accept it, was emphasized. Mother-child mutually positive affect was both a predictor and a
concomitant of committed compliance. Children who shared positive effect with their mothers
showed a high level of committed compliance and were also more internalized. Differences and
similarities between children’s compliance with requests and prohibitions (“Do” vs. “Don’t”
demand contexts) were also explored. Maternal “Dos” appeared more challenging to toddlers
than the “Don’ts.” Some individual coherence of behavior was also found across both demand
contexts. The implication of committed compliance for emerging internalized regulators of
conduct is discussed.
B A number of parents were not easy to be aware of the compliance, some even overlooked their
children’s noncompliance. Despite good education, these children did not follow the words from
their parents on several occasion, especially boys in certain ages. Fortunately, this rate was
acceptable, some parents could be patient with the noncompliance. Someone held that
noncompliance is probably not a wrong thing. In order to determine the effects of different
parental disciplinary techniques on young children’s compliance and noncompliance, mothers
were trained to observe emotional incidents involving their own toddler-aged children. Reports of
disciplinary encounters were analyzed in terms of the types of discipline used (reasoning, verbal
prohibition, physical coercion, love withdrawal, and combinations thereof) and children’s
responses to that discipline (compliance/ noncompliance and avoidance). The relation between
compliance/ noncompliance and type of misdeed (harm to persons, harm to property, and lapses
of self-control) was also analyzed. Results indicated that love withdrawal combined with other
techniques was most effective in securing children’s compliance and that its effectiveness was
not a function of the type of technique with which it was combined. Avoidant responses and
affective reunification with the parent were more likely to follow love withdrawal than any other
technique. Physical coercion was somewhat less effective than love withdrawal, while reasoning
and verbal prohibition were not at all effective except when both were combined with physical
coercion.
C “Noncompliant Children sometimes prefer to say to directly as they were younger, they are
easy to deal with the relationship with contemporaries. When they are growing up. During the
period that children are getting elder, who may learn to use more advanced approaches for their
noncompliance. They are more skillful to negotiate or give reasons for refusal rather than show
their opposite idea to parents directly.” Said Henry Porter, a scholar working in Psychology
Institute of UK. He indicated that noncompliance means growth in some way, may have benefit
for children. Many Experts held different viewpoints in recent years, they tried drilling compliance
into children. His collaborator Wallace Friesen believed that Organizing a child’s daily activities so
that they occur in the same order each day as much as possible. This first strategy for defiant
children is ultimately the most important. Developing a routine helps a child to know what to
expect and increases the chances that he or she will comply with things such as chores,
homework, and hygiene requests. When undesirable activities occur in the same order at optimal
times during the day, they become habits that are not questioned but done without thought.
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D Doctor Steven Walson addressed that organizing fun activities to occur after frequently
refused activities. This strategy also works as a positive reinforcer when the child complies
with your requests. By arranging your day so that things often refused to occur right before
highly preferred activities, you are able to eliminate defiant behavior and motivate your
child’s behavior of doing the undesirable activity. This is not to be presented in a way that
the preferred activity is only allowed if a defiant child does the non-preferred activity.
However, you can word your request in a way so that your child assumes that you have to
do the non-preferred activity before moving on to the next preferred activity. For example,
you do not want to say something such as, “If you clean your room we can play a game.”
Instead of the word your request like this, “As soon as you are done cleaning your room we
will be able to play that really fun game you wanted to play.”
E Psychologist Paul Edith insisted praise is the best way to make children comply with. This
is probably a common term you are used to hearing by now. If you praise your child’s
behavior, he or she will be more likely to do that behavior. So, it is essential to use praise
when working with defiant children. It also provides your child with positive attention.
However, it is important to know how to praise children in a way that encourages future
automatic reinforcement for your child when doing a similar behavior.

3. Jawablah soal matching features!

Look at the following people and list of statements below.
Match each person with the correct statement.
Write the correct letter  A-G in boxes  1-4 on your answer sheet.
1 Henry Porter
2 Wallace Friesen
3 Steven Walson
4 Paul Edith
List of statements
A   children of all ages will indirectly show noncompliance
B   elder children tend to negotiate rather than show noncompliance
C   converse behavior means noncompliance
D   organizing fun activities to occur after frequently refused activities
E   organizing child’s daily activities in the same order as much as possible.
F   use praise in order to make children compliant
G   take the children to school at an early age

4. Jawablah soal Yes/No/Not Given!

Do the following statements agree with the claims of the writer in Reading Passage?
In boxes  5-9 on your answer sheet, write
YES                  if the statement is true
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NO                   if the statement is false

NOT GIVEN    if the information is not given in the passage
5   Socialization takes a long process, while compliance is the beginning of it. 
6   Many parents were difficult to be aware of compliance or noncompliance. 
7   Noncompliant Children are simple to deal with the relationship with the people at the same age when
they are growing up.
8   Experts never tried drilling compliance into children.
9   Psychologist Paul Edith negated the importance that knowing how to praise children in an encouraging
way.

Kunci jawaban:

1. B 5. NOT GIVEN
2. E 6. YES
3. D 7. YES
4. F 8. NO
9. NO

LAST CHALLENGES:
1. Buatlah matriks evaluasi pengerjaan soal reading dari semua latihan soal reading (format sama
seperti listening)!
2. Lakukan simulasi full Reading!
https://takeielts.britishcouncil.org/take-ielts/prepare/ielts-on-computer/familiarisation-test