Essential Guide for Roadroid Pro 2 – September 2020

Road Surveys using smartphones

Essentials for professionals

App version 2.4.8

This guide gives a short introduction and describes how to:

1. Collect road roughness data + auto photos or video.
2. Upload data and media from smartphone.
3. View data and media on Road Data Management System.
4. Download files in segments and make charts in Excel.
5. Download data as Shape or KML files to GIS.
6. Calibrate the system to a known reference

Please refer to other user guides for:

- RoadroidAPISpecifikation (NEW - a web service to use Roadroid data in your system)

- Road inventory (inspection of drainage, road edges, guard rails, cracking etc.)
- Road event manager (damage reports, pothole inventory etc.)
- Traffic count application (for both app and wireless sensors)

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Table of Contents

Road maintenance and data collection ................................................................................................... 3

1 - Collect data......................................................................................................................................... 5
1.1 Capture Photos and Video with roughness survey ....................................................................... 6
1.2 location tracking mode:............................................................................................................... 12
2 - Upload data ...................................................................................................................................... 13
3 - View data by the Road Data Management System.......................................................................... 15
4 - Download aggregated files ............................................................................................................... 16
5 - Make charts from aggregated files .................................................................................................. 17
6 - Spatial data exports .......................................................................................................................... 18
6.1 Single survey download ............................................................................................................... 18
6.2 Surveys period download ............................................................................................................ 18
6.3 Using Roadroid API ...................................................................................................................... 20
7 - Vehicle speed sensitivity adjustment ............................................................................................... 21
8 - Download video from web ............................................................................................................... 22
9 - Roadroid Image Analysis .................................................................................................................. 24
What is it?.......................................................................................................................................... 24
Getting Started .................................................................................................................................. 24
Analysis result.................................................................................................................................... 24
Appendix 1: CALIBRATION PROCEDURE ................................................................................................ 25
Step 1: Identify road sections with an accurate IRI ........................................................................... 25
Step 2: Make surveys......................................................................................................................... 27
Step 3: Assemble data from calibration surveys ............................................................................... 29
Step 4 - System checks and infield readings...................................................................................... 31
Comment on GPS-accuracy, survey distance and altitude ............................................................ 32
Appendix 2 - Friction survey .................................................................................................................. 33
Troubleshooting and Error Messages. .................................................................................................. 34

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Road maintenance and data collection

Road assets management is about optimizing road maintenance to get most out of your money. To
do that, you need to know the road condition. In a similar way, road condition measures is needed in
Performance Based Contracts - as an objective index of your roads performance.

The Roadroid app measures the road roughness (IRI) by using the smartphones accelerometer - and
can automatically capture photos or videos of the road. Data is positioned with GPS. Most of all - the
system is portable and easy to use.

IRI is a global standard for road condition. It has been expressed as a summary of a road’s standard.
Other input to your decision support might be other road condition parameters, as rutting, cracking,
edge brakes - as well as traffic volume. These inputs can be gained from other Roadroid apps.

IRI is measured with different methods and at Information Quality Levels (IQL), a relative accuracy:

• IQL 1 - Precision profiles (10–20 m intervals expensive and complex to use)

• IQL 2 - Other profilometric methods, as the manual rolling straight edges
• IQL 3 - IRI by correlation (Response type measurements - as Roadroid)
• IQL 4 - Subjective ratings/ocular inspections (subjective and time consuming)

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Information_Quality_Level

Roadroid collects IRI-data at Class 3 – IQL 3 level.

• Compared to Class 1 Roadroid is very easy to use, portable and cost efficient. It can also be
used almost anywhere - where heavy and expensive equipment cannot be used.
• Compared to Class 4 Roadroid is objective and gives a quick and effective data collection with
a powerful visualization on internet maps.

Typical application areas are for Low Volume Roads/Unpaved roads - or at Network level for
Performance monitoring (Performance Based Contracts, Highway Concessions, City Street Networks).

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Roadroid offer a suit for simple and innovative collecting of data to your road assets management:

Pricing

Price depends on:

a) amount of installations (phones) and

b) Binding-time, the time you commit to use the system.

There is a license cost per month and unit. Normal minimum is 1 unit - 1 year. The more units you
have and the longer time you bind them – the price per unit and month gets lower. Contact us for
further details.

- We offer a two-month free test period for evaluation purpose!

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1 - Collect data
Install the app on your smartphone (Android OS > 5.0) from: http://www.roadroid.com/home/app.

Roadroid needs to register your phone’s IMEI number before you can upload any data.

After installation, click Roadroid logo under about to send a registration email. It can also be done by
http://www.roadroid.com/account/register, but then you need to identify your phones IMEI no.

Observe:

✓ Android X (10) or above users must download the Roadroid App version 2.4.5 (or above) as
Android 10 does not allow reading IMEI or MAC. In the App, Android X users must enter IMEI
manually under Settings > General.
✓ The app uses the accelerometer signal from your phone. The sensitivity may vary between
different phones. The default sensitivity can be adjusted.
✓ Updating the phones Android operating system may affect the sensitivity and other
application functions. Do NOT update operating system when you have tuned the system.
To make sure this will not happen - uncheck automatic updates in the android settings menu!

The system:

The survey system consists of:

- Vehicle
o Use standard vehicles close to the types you can choose in settings
o Avoid poor or special suspensions (as sport suspension). Use standard tire pressure.
o Make sure all wheels are balanced - unbalanced wheels will corrupt your data.
- Phone
o Accelerometer and sampling performance
o Version of android operating system
o The phone mount - important with a stable mount, as Logitec+ at Amazon.
- Survey speed
o Speed is directly affecting the survey result - maintain consistent speed
o Best correlation for IQL3/response type methods is around 70-80 km/h
o The system can be tuned for lower survey speeds down to 30 km/h

The system should be tuned on a road with a known IRI value, see how this can be done later on in
this document.

Installation

Mount phone in a car rack in the windshield

• horizontally/landscape mode
• standing vertically from road
• it should be easy to reach the display
• make sure camera lens capture road

It is important to use a good mount/car rack.

If the phone is not steadily fastened, data will be corrupt.

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The Logitec+, magnetic mount connects to the windshield with a suction cup. It comes with a
magnetic sticker for the phone and connects the phone steadily without obscuring the camera lens.

Start Roadroid application by tapping is program icon, then press the yellow “fitting” button.

Place your vehicle on flat ground to make the fitting. Adjust the phone to X, Y and Z as close to
= 0 as possible. The OK button will turn green when you are within the tolerances. Press the
green OK button. This procedure is to ensure you pick out the vertical (Y) accelerations exclude
influence by braking (X) or turning (Z).

Tip: you can always “go back” with the android back-button in the bottom corner of the phone.

The Roadroid app can also measure friction/skidding resistance (the round left/right arrow
button), and it is shortly described in the end of this guide. It is made for winter with snow/ice
conditions and main focus in this guide is IRI in combination with auto photos or video.

1.1 Capture Photos and Video with roughness survey

These surveys are similar use the camera button (left) for auto photos and film camera (right) for
video. If you do not like to capture any visual information, use the button with a crossed camera.
Please remember to copy video files to a computer before uploading (use a cable to copy the
video files from the phone to the computer). The reason is that sometimes the file format can be
damaged during upload. In special cases it is also possible to use a FTP-client to upload video files.

System starts only if a GPS signal is available. Stand still to receive GPS (may take a minute).

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While surveying:
- the top bar displays if GPS is connected, time, memory space, estimated and calculated IRI
values, speed and distance surveyed.
- it also shows the temperature of the phone battery. Observe eventual overheating - in
warm/sunny conditions – keep your AC on windshield to cool phone down.
- under 20 km/h the app will show “low speed” and roughness data is not captured
- over 100 km/h it will show “high speed” and roughness data is not captured either
- Photo/video icon button gives technical data about the camera.
- Info button gives current survey info.
- The bar with colored squares indicates the roughness from green (good) to poor (black).

Start survey: Press the record button (red round circle on green background) to start the survey.
You can enter an optional comment or road id when starting survey. It is a good support later in
the Road Data Management System, as it shows up in the import history list.

Stop survey: Press the same button (now a black square on red background) to stop the survey.
After pressing stop you can decide if you want to save or delete the survey.

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Menu -> Surveys and presets:

Hereunder you will find tools for
calibration. You can monitor the
result from the latest survey in three
different graphs, so you can make an
immediate check if you are on a
known test section.

You can adjust the sensitivity of the

estimated IRI (picks up more of the
roads macro texture).
You can also adjust the sensitivity -
and section length for the calculated
IRI (more focused on the roughness
using the quarter car formula).

Graph after a survey Sensitivity adjustment

You are also able to use up to 5 different presets - for different system conditions:

As mentioned on page 3, the system consists of #vehicle, #phone and #speed, so find your suitable
setting for each of these conditions.

For description of “Manage uploads”, advise chapter 2 in this user guide.

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Settings: Under Menu -> Settings you will find different sub settings as General, Data Media & Sync,
Units, Device & Vehicle. Have a look through these to make sure it matches your setup. As the app
develops, this documentation might not exactly match the app menu over time.

GENERAL

Option to force screen always on (active as default, keeps the app running). Possibility to edit your
user email (shown in the photo overlay) and eventually set a warning sounds at certain road
conditions or at high speed. It also tells the Roadroid application version.

DATA, MEDIA & SYNC

Delete Media After Upload: If you want to keep a copy of your survey media on your mobile
memory, then uncheck this option. The media will be moved to backup folder; if unchecked. If
checked the media will be deleted after successful upload.

Only Upload if Wi-Fi is Available: Please note that you cannot upload your survey data and media
over 3G/4G networks if this option is checked. It is good to prevent data usage if you are on a limited
plan and can access reliable Wi-Fi connections.

Restart uploads after 15 minutes: If the upload process is interrupted or still pending; checking this
option will automatically attempt to restart the upload process every 15 minutes until the uploads
are done. Uploads especially of large files may be a problem on weak networks.

Photo Capture Segment Length: Off as default. 100 m is recommended for being able to make road
inventory from the photos. If you use 500 meter – 1,6 km photos can be used for orientation
purpose. Every 3 or 4 second needs a fast/powerful phone and the distance between photos will vary
with speed.

Photo Capture Size: Medium is default and is often good enough. Small should only be used if you
can only access a very limited bandwidth. Large can be used if you have a good bandwidth and need
high-resolution images. We try to keep up with Android and different hardware updates. Although
there might be problems in using new or unusual hardware. This might occur as bad quality on
images.

Use Video Camera API 2: Camera API 2.0 is New API which allows you much better camera control by
camera apps and increase the performance of camera. Both API and API 2 is available in the app that
you can select the one which has the best quality and output in your video survey.

Video resolution: We recommend only to use the highest resolution 720 p (default). The lower
resolution will demand less memory, but the quality is often too low to be useful. Note that different
camera APIs might distort the video format. You might choose between Camera API 1 and 2 if you
get at poor video quality.

Disable Video Auto Focus: Sometimes a tiny spot on the front glass of the vehicle can capture the
focus of the camera resulting a poor view of the surveying road. Here you have the option to switch
the auto focus off if necessary.

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Record sound in Video: Sound capture is off as default, but it can be activated. It can be used if you
want to comment your survey. I.e. if you see or notice something along the road. Although mind
what you say ☺ as the sound will be played in the Road Data Management System.

Share to Mapillary®: Photos and videos can be shared to www.mapillary.com, when checked. By that
you provide content to global crowd sourced road-views. Photos from all Roadroid users are shared
through a common Roadroid account at Mapillary. All collected videos is shared there.

Text overlay on photos: If you have entered a RoadID before the survey start and unchecked Share to
Mapillary® - the photos will get a text overlay. This can be useful if you copy/save the photo to an
external document or email, so that the viewer still can see where the image is from. These meta-
data are also written to a comment in the EXIF image file information.

The home button at top right takes you to the Roadroid server with the built-in browser. From here
you can view available app updates, manuals etc.

Exit the app by touching “back button” (down corner) twice.

Practical tip 1 - Make a good plan of how to collect data. Print a map, possibly with the start and stop
sections and Road IDs highlighted. Press start/stop in logical locations as intersections, bridges,
different pavements etc.

Practical tip 2 – Install a role based gmail.com address, like [email protected] to your
survey units. Install and activate Google+ location sharing on the phones – and get a real-time survey
fleet monitoring system. The address can also be used to reach one or several teams with messages.

DEVICE & SAMPLE RATE

Accelerometer Sample Rate: Accelerometer in mobiles is used for motion detection (shake, tilt, etc.).
It measures the acceleration force in m/s2 applied to a device on all three physical axes (x, y, and z),
including the force of gravity. By default, it should be set to 100 Hz the frequency we developed the
correlations formulas for. No newer devices the sampling can reach up to 400-500 Hz but that does
not necessarily increase the accuracy. Although you can choose the device’s max rate, 100 or 200 Hz.

Here you can also choose the type of vehicle you are using. It partly changes the signal processing.
Different vehicles behave differently for different speeds. The setting Vehicle Type is set to somehow
cope with three types of vehicle characteristics and speed. But the Roadroid app can also be set to
set the sensitivity for different speed ranges and vehicles in a manual way.

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To use this function, set/make User defined active in the Vehicle Type setting. Remember that you
must go to the Survey and presets > Vehicle speed sensitivity screen to actually use/control it.
Otherwise the app is going to use the default Medium/big sedan/station wagon setting.

Navigate to the Vehicle speed sensitivity screen in the Survey and presets section from the main
menu. Adjust the desired sensitivity for every speed level (20 – 120 km/h) between 0.1 – 0.9.

• A lower value will lower the threshold limit/value during measurements and give a higher
resulting eIRI value for a certain speed.

• A higher value will rise the threshold limit/value during measurements and give a lower
resulting eIRI value for a certain speed.

If it is not possible to drive faster than 80 or 100 km/h in your surveys, just let the setting be the same
as the last set one speed-wise. I.e. if you set it to 0.6 at 80 km/h set it to 0.6 or close to it for 100 and
120 km/h as well.

When finished with the calibration/sensitivity setting, exit the screen and answer if the new decimal
values should be saved.

Follow the Calibration procedure in the appendix, calibrate and compare for every speed level (20,
40, 60, ...) until satisfaction with the IRI values in different speed ranges are accomplished. During the
process it may be beneficial to use the graph tools in the app and your own notes.

The vehicle speed sensitivity adjustment only affects the eIRI value and cannot be omitted if eIRI is
going to work correct.

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Also note that a general (all speeds) amplifying or reducing constant value can be given for Texture
(eIRI) in the Sensitivity adjustment screen.

You can also see and reach the sensitivity and cIRI segment lengths setting.

The low speed Lat/long threshold set the lowest speed coordinates are saved. As you do not want to
save data in very low speeds or when standing still.

If Save last eIRI Value at Low Speed is checked, the last value that was collected before the speed
dropped below 20 km/h will be saved for the following registrations/seconds, until the speed again
increase over 20 km/h. If not checked – no value will be saved.

1.2 location tracking mode:

The feature “send location update” is available in Roadrod Pro App version 2.4.8 and above from
Settings > “Send location update interval time”. It sends the survey location and condition, live and
can be tracked on the http://roadroid.com/club/pro. This is a good tool to see the location of the
vehicles during the survey and as well as the condition of the road being surveyed live.
This feature requires internet connection to function.

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2 - Upload data
Data and photos/videos are saved on phone while surveying. You do not need an internet/3G/4G
connection to make the surveys. But you need a connection to upload your data after a survey.

Data is relatively small size and can be uploaded through 3G/4G. But to upload media you should
have a stable Wi-Fi/internet connection. Connect to Wi-Fi through normal Android procedure.

If you can surf on internet with the phone’s internet browser – your phone is connected. If not – you
do not have an internet connection and will not be able to upload your data.

When you are

connected, go to Menu-
> Manage uploads.
You now have two
choices to upload data
only or data and media.

The upload progress

can be monitored
during the upload
process in the
notification draw-down
list. Observe it to see if
some file transfer fails
or stops for other
reason.

Background Service: If you choose the “Background Services” upload option, you will be able to
cancel or pause the upload process.

BG Intent Service: This upload option is a background internal upload service that cannot be
cancelled or paused once the upload starts. Both processes are intended to upload the media and
data, so use the alternative service if one fails.

It might happen that the upload procedure stops/pauses by an interrupt in the network. Just reset
and start the upload again to proceed.

A photo can vary in size between 500 kb - 2 Mb. This demands more of the network and takes longer
time to upload. Estimate how many photos you can capture by the survey length and capture length.
We recommend 100 meters, but with a limited network capacity is can be set to 500 m or even 1 km.

A video file can quickly build up to over 100 MB, and its transfer can take hours depending on your
networks upload capacity. When collecting video, it is recommended to start/stop survey every 10-
20 km to reduce each video file size.

Please remember to save/backup video files to a computer before uploading (use a cable to copy
files from the phone to the computer). The reason is that sometimes the video file format can get
damaged during upload. In special cases it is also possible to use an FTP-client to upload video files.

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When the Upload Data button is pressed:

1. Files in /roadroid/pro2/data folder are compressed and moved to /roadroid/pro2 folder.

2. the Roadroid app transfer function starts, and lastly
3. if the file transfer is successful the files should be moved to /roadroid/pro2/backup folder.

This repeats for every file. If one file transfer is incomplete the function will continue next time an
upload is started - until they are successfully transferred.

The files on the phone are encrypted and will be decrypted in the web import. Make sure you have
enough space on the phone, especially capturing photos/video. Photos and videos as per default are
deleted from the phone after a successful upload. It is possible to use a cable make a backup of
photos/videos before transfer.

Remember that, after a successful upload of survey files, it will take a few minutes before they are
visible on the Roadroid web.

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3 - View data by the Road Data Management System

When data is successfully uploaded, it will be imported to the web service within 15 minutes. Enter
www.roadroid.com and log-in with your user name and password to view the details of your data.

Depending on if there is a road network layer available – colored road links will appear on the map. If
there are no colored links, you need to check the “GPS-Points” (5).

The time filter (3) is used to display and measure point data only within the set time interval. It can
be used to look at changes over time and obtaining statistics with the report functions.

Navigate (4) allow you to drag the map with the mouse. With draw polygon active, you click on the
map to draw a polygon for an area to calculate. Close polygon by double click (turns orange). Click
"Calculate" to calculate and you should get the percentage of each 4 road classes as Good – Poor and
an average estimated IRI.

• Background: Map or Satellite image.

• The amount of points shown at the same time is limited (for server performance reasons).
• When you zoom in to the map, eIRI – labels will appear at each dot a certain zoom level.
• Photo or video appear as clickable black camera icons. Active photo turns red.

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4 - Download aggregated files

Data is saved in the phone every second between 20-100 km/h - the distance between these “points”
will vary depending on the speed. To make tables and charts for studies on a road, or to import data
to HDM-4, you need average data in fixed sections lengths. Through the “import history” you can
download the data aggregated in 100-meter sections as text files.

Log in to www.roadroid.com and click “Import History” (1). You should now see a list of uploaded
and imported files. Type shows what kind of data that’s imported. RoadCondition means Roughness
Data (from Roadroid V2 Pro). Other types are RoadInventory and RoadEvent (see separate guides).

Choose “Details” (2), to view the file details: Filename,

Start/stop time etc. Here you have use of your RoadID
note. The filename consists of IMEI no-Survey start time.

There are functions to zoom into the location on a map,

and to “Generate Aggregate file” (3). This operation will
create a .txt file with data in preferred sections. Save or
open the file to copy the data to MS Excel (next chapter).

The measurement can also be “Generated as a shape or

KML-file” (4) – giving the opportunity to build a spatial
road database from your data, or plotting it on Google
Earth. The shape file only contains geometry data but
the KML include roughness data. See chapter 6

The web tool will be accompanied with a graph plot

function in a future. Until then – draw your graphs in MS
Excel (chapter 5) or other program.

Again: Make a good plan for data collection, with starts

and stops in logical joints. Its then easier to make charts,
to handle imports/exports and eventual shape file
editing can be minimized in your GIS.

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5 - Make charts from aggregated files

Mark all data in the aggregated .txt file, and choose copy. Open MS Excel and paste it (or you can
save the .txt-file and open it in excel). This guide is not teaching basic excel knowledge.

A tip is to name the tab with date and time, and possibly name of the actual section. In the
aggregated file you will find following columns:

DateTime, Latitude, Longitude, Distance(m), Speed (km/h), Altitude (m), Grade (%), eIRI and cIRI and
an eventual RoadID added before starting the survey.

eIRI is an estimated value - cIRI is calculated and its sensitivity and calculation segment length is
adjustable in the app. See here for more information:
https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/20141130211746-97325448-roughness-and-texture?trk=mp-
reader-card .

When you have pasted/imported your data in excel, you can start making charts.

The data aggregation length can be changed

between 5 m to 200 meter. 100 meter is a usual
import length in HDM.

Speed and vertical profile is interesting for a

road engineer to get an overall view. And the
data can preferably be used with photos or
snapshots from a GPS-video capture.

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6 - Spatial data exports

6.1 Single survey download
Under file details you have an option to export data in spatial formats as:

- Shape files (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shapefile) or

- KML (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Keyhole_Markup_Language)

The shape file is only containing the geometrical data (the .shp file of the four files in the zipped
shape directory). The KML is also containing roughness, speed and other attributes.

Please refer to your GIS-resources for working with these files and formats.

Roadroid can also offer custom or automated exports from a survey period and specific survey units.

6.2 Surveys period download

This is a function to export all data points (raw) data form a specific unit and a period.

To do that:

1) Log in and go to “My units”.

2) Choose “Details” for the certain unit (Edit and delete do not work for user)

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3) Choose duration – and press download.

Data for the period will be downloaded as a zipped .csv file with following columns:
GpsId;UnitId;MeasurementId;Timestamp;Longitude;Latitude;RoadClass;CalculatedIRI;EstimatedIri;Sp
eedInKph;Altitude;LinkId;OffsetOnLink;RoadId.

We are also making a function to download photos for a unit (below the Download Road Condition
Data for unit). Although it can end up in allot of data to download and the function is not yet fully
working complete in October 2017. If you like a local copy of collected photos, its best to copy them
from phone with a cable before upload. Photos contain the GPS-coordinates in its meta data.

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6.3 Using Roadroid API

This feature is described separately in (RoadroidAPISpecifikation) and only shortly described here. If
this document is wanted and not found at https://www.roadroid.com/Home/About - email us.

The API enables to use the Roadroid data directly in your Assets/Maintenance Management or GIS
through a webservice. This is a new feature introduced and tested during 2018.

Authorization header contains the keyword Basic followed by the base64 encoded username and
password in the format username:password.

Example: Authorization: Basic bWFnbnVklmnu3Q6VGVzdDEyMzQ=. The username and password will

be the same as your roadroid.com login. Authorization will be performed in every request. The
specification also contains JSON examples.

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7 - Vehicle speed sensitivity adjustment

As mentioned in the introduction the system consists of the phone with its rigid mount, the vehicle
and its speed. Different speeds give different results, and the calibration procedure (appendix)
describes how to set the sensitivity for a certain speed.

Different vehicles behave differently in different speeds. The setting Vehicle type preset values use
three type vehicle characteristics for the eIRI/Texture analyze. But the Roadroid app can also set
sensitivity for different speed ranges.

To use this function, set/make User defined active in the Vehicle Type setting:

Then navigate to the Vehicle speed sensitivity screen under Survey and presets selection from the
main menu. Adjust the desired sensitivity for every speed level (20 – 120 km/h) between 0.1 – 0.9.

Then go to the Survey and presets > Vehicle speed sensitivity screen to manage the speed settings.
The default setting is Medium/big sedan/station wagon setting (below):

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• A lower value (red button) will lower the threshold limit/value and give a higher eIRI value
for a certain speed.
• A higher value (green button) will rise the threshold limit/value and give a lower eIRI value
for a certain speed.

When finished with the speed calibration/sensitivity setting, exit the screen and save settings.

Follow the general calibration procedure in the appendix, but calibrate and for every speed level (20,
40, 60, ...) until satisfaction with the eIRI values for different speed is reached. During the process, it
is possible to use graph tools in the app and your own notes.

Observe that the speed calibration feature only affects the eIRI reading. Also note that a general
setting can be made for Texture (eIRI) in the Sensitivity adjustment screen, thus using one of the a
preset vehicles.

8 - Download video from web

1) Locate video through https://www.roadroid.com/Map/MapRoadCondition by showing the
video map layer:

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2) Click a video icon to get to the video playback, and then right click video to save as:

You can also copy the video URL address. Observe that the video does currently does not contain
coordinates itself, to plot the location in the Roadroid web tool it is time synced with the survey file.

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9 - Roadroid Image Analysis

What is it?
The Roadroid Image Analysis module can be used for automated classification of various
properties/road parameters based on survey photos uploaded by the Roadroid app. Currently the
system supports classification of road dust levels using two different algorithms and corrugation on a
gravel road. More parameters are to be added.

Getting Started
The Image Analysis module is available on roadroid.com
for logged-in users. To start an automatic dust
classification, simply navigate to the ‘Import History List’
and click on ‘Details’ for the survey you want to classify.
The survey must be of type ‘RoadCondition’.

On the survey details-page, a dropdown menu is used to

choose image classification algorithm and start the
classification of the measurement photos.

An email address and a comment can be submitted to help keep track of measurements.

Analysis result
The result of the classification is a new survey of type ‘Inventory (generated)’, which will be
accessible from the ‘Import History List’ when the classification process is finished.

On the survey details-page of the generated measurement, the classification data can be exported in
multiple formats, or viewed on a map by clicking the ‘Show survey data on map’-link and selecting the
category ‘Gravel Roads > Binding/Dust’ or Corrugation.

Generated inventory measurements contain some additional survey data; a link to the measurement
from which it was generated, and the algorithm used to perform the classification.

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Appendix 1: CALIBRATION PROCEDURE

To get Roadroid perform an output according to IQL3 it is necessary to calibrate the device
for the system used (Car, Phone and Survey speed). The calibration is carried out with the
Android smartphone in the vehicle and can be performed by the customer.

Step 1: Identify road sections with an accurate IRI

To to tune the Roadroid system, a section with an IRI defined with a more accurate IQL (1 or
2) should be used:
- IQL1 is often referred to as a laser profilometer and they exist in many different
solutions and from different suppliers. These machinery is complex to use, and it
needs a professional set up and calibration procedure itself.
- IQL2 is referred to manual equipment as a rolling straight edge or Merlin. It is
accurate but simpler than an IQL1 equipment. As it is manually operated (rolled)
along the road – it is time consuming to use.
It is also possible to use a leveling rod to determine the heights of points above a surface
(should be done every 10 cm).
Demands on the calibration section/-s:
- A calibration section should be at least 300 meters long but not more than 1000 meter,
higher speeds might demand longer sections.
- The section/sections should be representative for the surveys you are going to perform.
- It is advisable to use 3-4 sections with the main condition as an example:
o A good paved road, with IRI values between 1-2
o A poor paved road, with IRI values between 3-5
o A good gravel road, with IRI values between 2-6
o A poor unpaved road with IRI values between 6-10
- The condition of the section should be consistent, possibly with one or two short
divergences (<50 m) along the section to be analyzed in the data.
- It should be possible to gain a sufficient and stable survey speed before entering the
survey section, and enough length to stop safely after the section.
Comments on unpaved sections: Unpaved roads can be difficult or impossible to survey
with IQL1 methods. The IRI on a poor gravel road vary allot along a section so it is advisable
to work mainly with a section average. IRI levels > 10 is difficult to quantify in general.
Roads with IRI values > 15 is difficult or dangerous to drive in speeds above 20 km/h. For
assets management, these poor roads are a matter of reconstruction and is not that important
to quantify exactly with an IRI value.

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General comments: The reference system should possibly give both one roughness value and
one texture value. This makes possible to tune the Roadroid system for both parameters.

In any case the calibration should be aware of the cases above, and that both roughness and
texture is of interest for road assets management. It can also be a confusion in the calibration
process as it’s not always clear what the calibration reference survey was focused on.
After the test sections are marked
visually it is time to make the test
surveys.
Each section should be surveyed at
least three times with each survey set
up (same settings in the app and same
surveys speeds).
The road can be marked with a spray
can directly on the pavement, or by
marker cones.
All works should be carried out
according to ruling regulations for
work on roads. Best is if you can work
on a closed road or test facility.

- Mind the traffic safety while marking and surveying, and choose time of day when the
traffic impact is as low as possible.

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- At the start of each run, use the Comment/Road ID to name the survey as “Good
Asphalt, Run1 60 km/h”. This tag will appear in the system import history list and help
extract data.
- Observe it is of importance to keep the same wheel paths as the reference system.
- The device should also be place at the same side of vehicle as the reference survey is
made (IRI right or IRI left).

Step 2: Make surveys

First of all – use a vehicle of same type as you are going to use for the surveys later. Same type
means a similar car body, like a 4WD frame built car, as similar cars to Toyota Highlux is VW Amarok,
Nissan King-Cab or Ford Ranger. Use normal cars, not extremely large SUV:s as Chevrolet Suburban
or Ford Excursion, or a very small cars as Fiat 500 or Nissan Micra.

The driving operation is helped by a good plan, that should include a paper print of a table, where
you can take notes while surveying. In the table you can plan what settings you are going to use, and
leave open fields for actual time and eventual survey comments by pen while surveying:

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 Essential Guide for Roadroid Pro 2 – September 2020

As you should have

different sections, the
survey number should
keep two digits, one
for the section and
one for the survey no
(as 1:1 = first survey
on section 1 and so
on).

Tip: If you have more

than one unit, you can
use 2 or 3 units with
exactly the same
specification
(Important to have
same phone model
and OS version) and
use different settings
on the different
phones. By this you
can save survey runs.

Use the desired future survey speed during the calibration, and keep as close as possible to that
speed along the test section. Test different speed if needed to find out how it can affect the survey
output.

Upload your data after the surveys and head for office to download and assemble the result!

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 Essential Guide for Roadroid Pro 2 – September 2020

Step 3: Assemble data from calibration surveys

A calibration survey operation requires a methodology with a good plan, patience and MS Excel skills.
When each section is surveyed three times with a certain setting, you can start evaluating the data.
Data is extracted from the system according to the User Guide Chapter 4– Download aggregated
files. As said – you are helped by having a name tag in the start of each survey.

Below is an example how a suitable cIRI setting was identified for a paved road in good condition

Assemble aggregated data from the three surveys in MS Excel. You can choose to use either 100 m or
20 m aggregation length form the system (averages for the whole sections should be the same). 100
m files mean less data to handle, while 20 m file is more convenient for plotting a graph from.

In the example below the setting of cIRI sensitivity was 1,5 and calculation section length 20 m. The
output resulted in an average of IRI =1,7 (in red dotted circle below). Each survey setup can be
assembled separately in tabs in Excel (blue dotted circle below).

Each run from each tab is summarized n a separate tab (green dotted circle above).

In the summary tab, you assemble the averages from (in this case four different) the cIRI settings:

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 Essential Guide for Roadroid Pro 2 – September 2020

The outcome from this calibration event was that, for the specific Toyota Hi-Lux in 60 km/h (55 km/h
in survey data) a sensitivity of 1,5 and a segment length of 20 m is suitable. The output can be
presented in different manners and your need to define your preferences. It is a good of learning
exercise to plan, perform surveys and evaluate the result. We hope you can make it yourself from
these instructions, but Roadroid can offer to support the process as consultants.

Adjustments are done according to user guide chapter 1, Collect data (Survey and presets).

Observe that the settings of sensitivity on both cIRI and eIRI IS saved and transferred with the survey
file.

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As you might want to tune the system for a number of type surveys – and also different cars, it is
possible to use different presets in the Roadroid app. Note that the Vehicle speed sensitivity
adjustment is not saved with the preset, it belongs to the vehicle type and should only change at
vehicle change.

Step 4 - System checks and infield readings

The system should be regularly checked (at least annually or after major system changes and an OS
update, wheel or suspension change).

If you have access to a test track with a stable know IRI its possible to make a run through that and
monitor the result directly in the app (Survey and Presets > Graphs/diagram/histogram), both as
charts over survey length…

And as averages for a whole section…

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 Essential Guide for Roadroid Pro 2 – September 2020

This gives an opportunity to recheck the system without completing a whole calibration procedure.

The operator of the system (vehicle/phone and Roadroid app) is responsible for maintaining
calibrations and should use a log book detailing the times and dates of rechecks and calibrations.

Comment on GPS-accuracy, survey distance and altitude

The accuracy of the distance is dependent of a number parameters connected to the quality of
manufacturers internal GPS, current number of satellites in the hemisphere and the vehicles current
reach of open sky.

In tunnels (urban canyons or dense vegetation) where the system loose contact with satellites the
system use dead counting for 6 seconds, estimating the vehicle position using the speed and
direction when the contact was lost. If the system can’t reach enough of satellites after these 6
seconds the system will stop collecting data until contact is regained.

The phones GPS system can be supported by a Bluetooth GPS with an external antenna connected to
the system. An antenna that can be mounted on the cars roof top can give a better signal than a
phone mounted inside the vehicle. We see a number of other factors affecting the GPS accuracy, as
new phones constantly produce more accurate circuits and that the satellite operators introduce
new and more accurate services. A modern (2016-) smartphone should produce an accuracy better
than 3 meter in absolute accuracy for an individual reading, sometimes often much better.

Survey distance: It is possible that the system gives different result on the length calculations for a
section. The reason is the accuracy dependencies above – but also when you press the start and stop
button, and the actual GPS-location of the starting and stopping point of a survey.

Altitude: The Z coordinate and vertical height above sea level sometimes produce an offset. Is it not
considered to be as accurate as the Long/Lat values. It gives a more reliable relative change in
altitude rather than an absolute reading of the altitude.

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Appendix 2 - Friction survey

This function is meant for slippery conditions, as snow/ice and is more of an indicative check rather
than an exact measurement.

Press the Friction survey (the left/right arrow button) from the main screen. The screen down right is
showing. Read and follow the steps below.

1. Speed up to at least 50 km/h (below 50 km/h is a big yellow button not able to activate).
2. When speed is above 50 km/h the yellow button changes to green record button
3. You can now start the survey by pressing the green record button, button will turn red.
4. Maintain the speed and do not slow down before braking.
5. Brake as hard as possible for at least 3-4 seconds or until the vehicle stops fully.
6. Let go of brake pedal (do not slow down after braking, maintain the speed if still moving).
7. Press the red record button to stop recording.
8. The result is given as an estimated mU.
9. Send the result with the upload button. When the upload button is yellow it is not able to be
pressed. When the upload button is green the friction result can be uploaded. You cannot
start a new survey before an upload is made.
10. A photo of the survey location will be captured if enabled in settings (default). Photos are
uploaded separately by Manage uploads.
11. After the upload button is pressed, you have the option to send/keep (save) this survey or
delete it.

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 Essential Guide for Roadroid Pro 2 – September 2020

Troubleshooting and Error Messages.

Message/Error Description and solution hint

GPS is not ready yet! Wait for the location icon This message is shown in the App while the
to be illuminated. smartphone is not getting good signal of the
GPS satellites.

It is recommended to take the smartphone

outdoors to obtain a good GPS signals and get
connected. It might take a while. Please stand
still in an open sky location.

Roadroid went “kaboom!”, we would like to Sometimes, the App might crash due to various
know how so we can fix it! reasons. To find out in which part of the App
coding the crash has happened, the App can
gather information and send it to Technical
team. We also recommend that you fill your
inputs and description of the situation, so the
App can send a better and detailed information
to Roadroid Technical Team.

The device ID is not valid! Contact Roadroid You will get this message if your IMEI is not
now via email for further information and registered with Roadroid.
registration?
In Android X (10) or above: Android 10 does not
allow reading IMEI or MAC. So, users must
download the App version 2.4.5 (or above) and
enter the IMEI manually under Settings >
General > IMEI

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