Mayius Burtea Georgeta Burtea

Geta Bercaru, Cristina Bocan, Daniela Dincd, Latta Durnitru, Ionu{ Georgescu,
Titi Hanghiuc, Simona Ionescu, Roxana Kifor, Paula Nica, Ilie Pertea,
Mihai Popeang6, Daniela Podumneac6, Diana Radu, Carmen Rusu, Dorin Rusu,
Loredana Taga

Au$lisrul qgstsr a fost aprobat prin OMEN nr. 3022108.01.2018

CL.ASA a Xl-a
v
MATEMATICA
a a r OO

Probleme sr
)
exercrtrr
)

Teste
I sisteme de ecualii liniare
T funcfii derivabile
I studiul func1iilor cu ajutorul
derivatelor

profilul tehnic

CAMPION
Bucureqti 2018
 dueulurJalaO
{t'r}t3>ilnes lr+w
'il - gl= (f')PP Pc ulo^V
a$n1og
,d :> tu eurruelep os PS 'Z
rr 'glrqesJe,\ul elso tr sacl4Bru
=9-9=17)leP:rueuriqg
Eirq?sJsAUI O1SO etululu o
a{n1og
'ellqesJe.\ul luns
netu pcep euruuelop 0s 9s 'I ""
86"" eger8oryqrg
sr""""""""' """""""""'rurlsNndsvu rs [lvJrcNl
21""""""""' """ YJIIYNETVIAI
YZI-IYNV'EAIJV-InJIdVIAU EI^[E-lgOUd
99""""""""' """"'roltticunj e pcgur8 ee;eluezerdeg 'g
t9""""""""' ropdcun; Frpnls ur enop € relelrJop inlog .Z
= yy rcfience etinlos o
09""""""""' """"""""""rop(cun; Inrpnts u! rgtul rol€^rrep Inlo6 'I
09 rololelrrop puolnlu nc -ropricun; tnlpnts 11 yn1o1rde3
= yy rcrlence etinlos o
l'llIqBSJoAuI also tr Poefl '
89""""""""' " 1e1rdsog.1 rn1 epp8eg 'L
:r = ,-(,-v) (e 09""""""""' "'11icunj rourl ? rop
Inurpro op Btu^rrecJ '9
LV""""""""' esnduoc ropdcurg BeJeArJeC 'E
runr "
(l) w, g 'y Pceo" . 2n""""""""' allqu^rrap yicurg nc lferedg ',
rueruolo Ituoultu else 'IY ePun 6e""""""""' erelueureie topricutg alele^rrog 't
St""""""""' ........' elerelel elelrro(l 'eleJrnurluoc
rS alulryrqe,trreo .Z
e lntueuelduroJ'Y r esndsuerl
I €""""""""' """"" Eculeruoe8 a.reterd-re1uy
.1cund un_rlur
rricury reun ei€^rro1l .I
runlpu tect4eur oleluelualg IT aTIUVAIuAA IIjSNnC 1 1n1011de3
(r') r"P
F'rpun ' "tr.---'. =,Y
:ee1u1r1e8e col erv . 12""""""""' """"""""" prqe31y'aAIIylnJIdvSau Ehtilfsodd
22""""""""' """ ssneD rnl epolofitr 'Z't
asD^u! D)lrlDM lnfi)lD) """"""""' 'I't
8l "" roruer3 rnl epolelN
rrsa (3,) 'w-y ocl4eruo . L1""""""""' oJelurl Joleuo]srs e oJe,\lozoJ ep apole14tr .V
n1""""""""" """"'€leoolr1eru Brrtrog 'elncsounceu op outolsrs .,
,ur ar,(erunu es 8' €ecIJl€I
tr . € llntu Ier n, o-rerurl Ilienoo
01""""""""' """"" o1l?oJrrluru rriencg 'Z
'"1=y.g=g.y Wcv! """""""""' ""'elrq€sro^ur
s ocrrlBl^l .I
er3ure6 '(:n)'lt, )v etl . 9"""""' "'auvlNt-l IIJVnJE EO:Ih[EJ_SI5 t p1o11de3
)ltail4 'toziatg
;U].\IJI gJIUIVIAI
SNIIUdIIJ
$S
 ffi:Ii?:i;:" {.-ie

MATRICE INVERSABILE iN

Breviar teoretic
r Fie A e M,,(c). trlatrice a A senumeEte matrice inversabill dacS existi B e M,,('iJ), astfel
ircdt A'B = B'A= 1,.
o Matricea B se numeqte inversa matricei I gi se noteazd B = A't '
o o matrice A e M *(c) este inversabild dac[ 9i nurnai dac5 det(l)+ 0.

Calculul matricei inverse

r Are loc egalitatea:
27
A'= l'. unde ,4. este matricea adjunctd a matricei I .

-)--. det (l)

Elementeie matricei adjuncte ,4- sunt complemenlii algebrici ai elementelor matricei
transpuse
,l . complementul algebric d,, al elementului a, este dat de relalia 5,, = (_1)'t' A,,.
unde A, este minorul elementului dr.
. DacI A, B e M,, (C) sunt inversabile au loc relaliile:
a) (o')-' = o, b) (aa)'=s-t.trr
a Dacd A este inversabil5, atunci:
o solu{ia ecua{iei AX =B este X = A-1 'B;
60 t.
60 o solulia ecualiei XA= B este X = B'A
63
66 " ^.ffib,
ffi
ffi
72
75 (t 1 l\ (t 0 1)
r 11, o=lz I rl
I

l. sa se derenninc daci ,u,ri..r. I = , = c =12

[] :) [], :')
[: tt) [: 12)
I

sunt inversabile.
Solu{ie
o matrice este inversabild dacd are detenninantul diferit de zero.
ob{inem: det(z) = 5 - 6 = -t *0, det (B) : 3 - 3 = 0, det(c) = 0, det(D) = 0' Rezulta cd

matricea I este inversabild, iar matriceie B, c, D nu sunt inversabile.

z. ne nt e* pentru care marricea , =(' .r,. irversabild.

[r, il8,
Si se determi

Solufie
Avem cd det(,a) =16-m2. Din condi{ia det(z)+ 0 se obtrine c6 nt2 -16 * 0' deci

m+*4 saum€A\{-4,4}.

Determinanli
 riuEuILuJalaO oreig^ul op Iiplpm ed uircraxe rS euelqor6 .€-IX B vSvTC - yCIJyI IAJyI I
0 r) .21
'8
'Y-'I=,(Y*'t) $ (y+'I)=,(v-'t) gcgtltrzoterfulerptsesceulc
t o soclJ}€ru 3l!I =(r*rt) (r-rt)
l=r' z .
'1e;trse'rS (r +' t). {v :Arsecrns rueav
. z) - t) = rr -, I wq rv -, I = ro -, I =, I
a;fn1og
os ', .olrqesrelurluns
r/ ole3ul€(u PJeplsuoc U+rI l* y_rI
eloJrrteu gc etem es ps 'b = zv gc eelulerrdord n, (x) ,w. v eecr4errr greprsuos as .s
gr rnl €sro^ul deuriu-repg (q
:fg \3 SV [e1nc1e3 (e 't*'z\n(!'--l=,,
)0) )
\r
I ,
erfnlos nc 0 < Z+wS_
eMZ w u171nper8 ep erienceur Etlnzea
.0, (g_ *Z){t_w)V_V=V
, 0 r' : elecrJ]Btu olJ '9
l=
pc aurfqo as '11= xA,O* (r)lrp ulq .E_ utz+xZ_
0 r) ,x(t_t)= (z)r"p euriqo eg
.IE SSJOAIII
'o * (y)rcp pcep plrqesrolur olse y e;,curelN
I) I a;fn1og
I i= F' eeruBru Pc du1ErY '9 "!r r ectJo
=
t) (t I +'r €+rr)
rutuadgllqesrenurerse I r [-n ,*, l=, eecrJlaru e;ec n-qued ,V,> w euruuelop es BS .?
\ gY)' (q I
rg 'rY *evlrv) lz z+x t)
JI lUnS 3lecl.4eurpc fe1p.rV (e
; I)
(z o o'\ _ (z o o)
el.{ ', ,- arJcs os plcunlpu uecrJl€htr
| 7l=V :aleculelu lz- lit =,r,nt'lz- t ,- =V I
-t
0 L) [o I- t) ('o r- t)
.u=lo Il -. lo Il I rl
'r=l' 'l=,,, = "e 'o = ''e c -t I
't=lhrl
tr rl p rl- lo ,l= lr rl -=.? l0 €ll=.?
' 'lto {t 9l ,, \t D) .,-=[ lr rl
.t+D t)' I l= "o :rcuqe81e rdueueldruoc
tS
li-=,r,r=li l='r.,-=|j l-=,, lorl '
ruolap agsg8 epole,r rulued
mlruleruered ellrol€^ {eUV 'g
(r r r)
*p1nr1n3'l .z
L I l=r',:r.ur^v'ElrqBsro^urelso u lrop =(r)opeurlqoes (q
)t ( nsoc purs-) l.o t t)
t u '[ru,. ,*r.J t'
t.
q* = u esre^,r Be,rr,tu,,, '[,1 ';)= o arsa prcunrpe sorrr]er^r
[,: ';)= ",
(e
z:q'z-t'g :rcrrqe8lerdueueyduo3
(z r)'z="9'E-=t'g'l-=
3 (q {l :)
[s aJLII€ru e4urP erec rfugY L eutiqo eS 'EIIqBsre^uI erse
,gc V \xap 1= rue.,ry (e
t-2.7 = (p,)tep
[, ,)=,
alinJog
[: i)=r '(: :)=, (too) e)
'l r t rl=r (q :l(t (e
'I
l=v
epcr:1eru e4urP erec {egY \I Z)
[r t t)
:Joloculsru olesJo^ur azelnclm es ps 'g
T
 w:::. !"i;ijii w,;!,";/ t;*,p"se ;ii:i

1. Afla1i care dintre matricele urmdtoare este inversabili:

(t2) (23) (ti) t) ,=l:j, :.l, u=fr'; il

\3 o) \4 6) \, ts _to] [o z t) ls
)
qi determinali inversele lor:
l
)
2. Aflali care dintre matrice sunt inversabile
, ,..l, _r\ o'[-,
( i 2\
", [s 4) b) c :), ,,J' .r[,
\2 6) tl
f

-') (t I 0\ (t -2 7\ 'i'(3 -l t)
' , ,'=('(-3 z)'
=J;r(r)
ol r r r l; erlo t -21; r,rl-: s -2
(cosa sina)
t)
[o r r,J [o o r,J [r -2 r)
I

10 [-rin, "o"o )'

1 i) . Calcul5m jos este inversabili
I t .i
3. Afla{i valorile parametrului a real pentru care fiecare din matricele de mai
gi pentru valorile gisite determina(i inversa matricei:
I ^^
r. = d.,-'= -1.
IJ. lrol
It
.l = *1,
tl u'
(a ,)
t)' ,.r,
o'[, o*,), .,[l :,
)' ''[; 1'l, ,,li 1 ;.], .,['l'
''[; ], ;) "l ; i ;l
";' ll
r.r. a.. =l
l: tl
l-')
[o o : ;,J'
Ir rl (3 o o) (z I 3)
: -1 o)
ILI {. Fie matric rte, .t=lz , o l, u =lo , ,
r r) I
't' [t 2 t) [o o r.J
I

2) a) Arltati cd matricele sunt inversabile;

b) Calculali A-' ,B-', (m)-' 9i ardta{i ce: (.lA)-' = 3-t ' tr-t '

j *" inversabild pentru

; (t a+t 2 )
5. Ar6ta{i c6matricea l =1 1 I b+l l este inversabildpentru orice a,b e,4. qi determinali

[r 1 t)
inversa ei.
re l. se obline cd (t o ')
(t o -,)
mt - 5m +2 > 0 cu solufia 6.Fiematricele:l=10 I 0l.B=10 101
[o o rJ [o o rJ
a) Calculati AB qi BA;
b) Determina{i inversa lui B '
55 se arate ci matricele (r o -r\ (1 z)
I , Sunt matricele AB qi BA inversabile?
7. Se considera matricele = I
\0
^
, , '1,, = I -10)l.
tr
,', - .1 ) gi. astfel, 30\
(2.
I

-,i r ;i (1.+A)-t=Ir-A. 8. Fie matric." ,= 4 I l. Si se calculeze determinantul inversei matricei date.

[? 0 t)

::.'. ftare Determinanli

i.
 t1ueulurJalaO B ereip,ru3 ep riplrun ed rrircrexe rS auelqor4 .p-IX e
VSy-IJ - yJIIVNiIJVI I
mrrslu &=12 e3rutrued (q
!,-8' Is ,-u Iieuguereq @
're es,re,\ur rfeuruuelep
F elscuterutS g= z etg '92 rspyrqus-re,\urolso gr+'7 eecrrlerupcrielgry ''o= rg lgJuJie-Irsper,leluo g oljl .r,I
'pllqssJelulelse'€7b +yd = ,_(rt-tr ) o_rurn.r1ued,y.:>b,d eurlureleposes (q
g'Y eIecI.IlBIu old 'W,
W utP
iTtu = erec n.rtruod x > ll./ ourruJolop es es
,v (e
\
(ot t
(r, €) eoclrleul ereplsuor es '9I
ppl0 t Zl=.Vpcel.'EZ I t ,)='
[o o IJ (o , z\
.8
''-n
e- t= r-g Pcli€]Prv
''I-tr=s ls lf z r l=r/ olecrrleruerc .sI
' ('f + f,)rep = ('1 + r-,')leP
i [t z t)
tltr 3
fr secl4s{u eld 'ZZ ',-tr, 1ie1nc1e3 (q
"(E)
\. (e
,Y
:rrc=(,rs+v, - )Y er tlElPrv
(r r o)
=(Q'o)r-w Pc fulgrv (q .nl
,ttlni
lo r ol: tr :secrJlPru or{
(r- ,\ z)
rierp:nl' 'l=g gxe1 (e
[o o
\I I,/ '@*'ll=,(v-'t):lc{errsuoueg (q :e1=,v pcrielp-ry (e
(q'o)W eeclJlelu PP eS 'tz ig s-)
,= I- l= r Erruleur orJ .cl
l'fr 8- )
alse / BocIJtrBtu Ec IislPJV (q
'.'It-yl= rY g) Ietqry (e (Z
t-t \
I i '* l=,,
0 r)
uertJlEuetg 'v7, [0 t)
r f-t Ol=V
'7=/r,p:pcpurrlS x)u,w elrrole^ lieuv. (t+u'u I-ru) Earr'uur'u orl 'Zl
0 z)
\ r,, , )='
'r-g Il€uluuoleC (;
'leoJ r uJsoJecuo
i:
zlrqesre^ul tr €eclJlelu elsg
-ZI) PIrqsSJeAuI else
(*
t > u'l x I- *
, ,l eecrrleru erec rrlued rir IEor InJler.uered .I
EerlrteruelJ '6I l=v {eUV I
- z Il=u I
(e x z)
:.- z l)
',,((r)x) (:
$ePc1u3 Z*Z ol
'.Y =
,-V gcputtls w riegy' y: r.a T I-M u,l : eecr4eru elc.ol
Inl olIJolBA rieururreleq (; Y
=, LLt I lut t)
ta
Y =(s)x'(v)x P'f€rerv
.(r o) . (q
?3cIJl€Iu gloplsuoc eS '81 .v = ,V 'le pc puttlS eleer ereurnu g ts D eocrrlEtu eld .6
= l' I}BUV 'i
,)= ,, \Z ;) = tr
 l1
i.: = 18. ]l3) qi mul1im ea G:{x(")/ s,x(a) = I,+a'A}'
0 t)l..i-t=A' Se considerd matricea
^=l:[3
a) Ardtali ca x(,t)'x(n)= x(a+b+4ab);
-l = ,-{'. b) Determinali valorile lui a e i*, pentru care X (a) este inversabild'

c) calculali (x(r))-'.
(t 2 -3)
,: . _j- este inversabild
19. Fiematricea l=11 2 -3lgipentruunarealfixatfie B=aA+I:'
[,24)
a) Este matricea I inversabild?
b) Determina{i .B-1.
(2. o l)
;nind cd: det A = 2,
20. Fie matricea A=10
| , ol.
[r o 2)
a) Aratali cd A2 =4A-3Ir;
b) Aratali cd matricea I este inversabild qi determinali I ''
b,l,n,z,eq'
21. Seddmatrice a M(a,b)=(':u
\ b a-b)
(t I)
a) D""a B=[l M(a,b)=a]z+bB ei B':=21';
-r)u'at*icd
b) Ardtali cd M'\a.bt=.lr:*
-U)
(o 1 1)
'r't Fiematricea AeU.(R',,t=lt O ,lCalculali detAEi At qiardta{ic6:

[r r oJ

det(,4-' + /,) = -dst( I + 1,).

1- I
(r 0 0)
13. oura l' =l2 i o I o.,..rina1i matricea ,4.

[, 2 t)
24. Fie matricele A,B dinM, (R) astfel incat =(t, l'l ar*,*' AB + 1BA)-,
: r::r ersabild. ^,
l.:: rnversabild gi
2s. Fie aeR simatricer. r=[::;; :"JJ ,:t::;; i::l
a) Determina{i A-t Si B-t ;
b) Pentru ce a e R matricea -B este inversa hi A?

.., tr.ilc Determinanli

 (ueuIuJalaO OI areip.r.u; ep !-ulpn ed rrircrexe rS etuelqor4 .€-IX B
VSV.I:) * y)IJV1IEIVIAI
a$n1og s-)
= _Y :elsr tctiuttre
tl i)=('J Il (,: , I
,,r"r"s .[r: e-)=, t;)=., ,t=2,s,8_=,,e ,r_=,
)=[: :) " [: :) r. r* 'i= "9 '[: '^)=, '9 ,
tu e1tence eAIozoJ es PS [,t_ \8 t)
:Arseccns uro^v .ptrq,Sre^ur elso y ,ep.t = 8-6 = (r)pp ,u,ito .s , ,,, (q
0 z) [t !J:
o l= *,qr plrnzeu (r r) (r r)(r o'\
'
t ,-l l'-'.i=[,t,Jl,-r):*atsctatlcncaerinlos
I z) o,)=
rt€) (r'_ , o,,, ., ,,.,
I [.] ?)=
) Ll=n, oullqoes
gpunlpeBoJul?W .l=rrg,O=rzg,Z-=.rg.l=,,g
r o t) lunsrcrrqe8lel4ue*e1arro3
(roo) [l l)=r,
rsr=(r.)rrp..,n[l o) (t r) (t o) -..
poptlnzes Ir o)
",)=n
(q \' ' ' (E
l, t ol=treecu,rJ [z t)=Y
""'t'^ [, )',1, ;)=r [' ""
ttzt) alinlog
= J elSs rerlencoellnloS tl .(r z') (r r)
{')=r? (p .l (c
\€/ (z t) \0 L)l=l\0 t) l.x
z )q-( r z-')!= .{'.'
rY (q ol (e
r-.,lr-[z- | )r- 'l= , (r
\r 'v) [f t)r] {r
\r El [,
'l= " lr t)
u*o (e
:ol€oculsru olniencs $u,r1ozeg 't
"*- [: l)=o flfYflf,turyru rrJ,vncm L
a$n1og
(r nI-'relse ro BSroAur rs gpqesrazrur alse Y-'I (q i yg= -y (e
.: : ,l)
=-l::)
(t r r)
:ec elEJe es ps '62
:ey{unce ellozoJ 3s PS
l, ,
fr r 'l=zBerrrl,uerc
t)
'
= _\' olsa rerfunce e{n1og ,-(,r)= ,(,-Y)
:gc {e1gry 'oleal oror.unu eluetuole nc rop
Inurpro op glrqusro^ur oJuletu o tr olC .gZ
. .,.,. '[o t] 'plrq€sro^ur elsa gr pcsp retunu tS gcep plrqusre^ur
= , ,rno etso tr gc rialsuoureg (q
[z t) :trg = gtr pc rlelgry (r
r-t_(r z,- 'g
+v : gy tgttn 1e;lse (;r) z4 > g,y all .17,
=[o r'l 1.t =
,-.,J [o t .t, BsJolrlr riuuruuelep
'- rS ppqesrea.ur
- :.h 'l-=r?'l-= , ,,
e )
alse u BerrJrBr.u ecrielp.ry'y-=r'q'r, 'lfrt*t
eg eerurur.uelJ .gz
(r r)l=ValJ iq+l Dq
rLUI\V I [ ,, qD ,D+l)l=H
\0 t-)
 (-t
i) t'. ,=[ -r,' 0\
( 1)
or","ca det( A)=-t, ''=[o 4 =1, 4, =0'
,J ,,J'
.;: ai r'l3tricea I este
n,, r.=[], l,) ,' , =-(1, l,)=[,'
=-r. 6,,=-t. ?)
t"'*'"sistemuruieste

(t o\ f-l o\ (-t o)
"=[, ,.J [ ' ,.J=[-, t)
r\ r) o,.u ,=[l 1). ""..cd det( A)=2.'n=(:;) ,'l ,'
, '=:(:, ;)
ersabrlA.
^.=(],
':. .eale. .{rdta(i cd:
Soru{ia ecuariei este x =
i[r, ;) ii)
=
iti)
2, Sd se rezolve ecualiile:
(t z :) 2l o\
,l
(t 2\ (-t z :) b) ,lo I rl= -r
3

t,,,J "=[ , ;;),

I --
I

I
-r) 40 1l
t.

[o o r.J
20 t)
Solufie
(r z) (t -z)t.
.r) o".a I = cd det(l) = i-r t)
[i i)rr,"u^
,,_-t(
=T[-,I -2)=lf-, ,).
' rJ-][ 2 -t)
-' 2\/-r z :) r(t o 3) (t ot)
Solulia ecualieieste X =- 1[
3\. 2 -,.J[ , ,J=;[-, : :J=[-' 1 t)
'
t.

{= t :\laredet(,1)=1q1
\ / 3) Matricea r=[i
"" det(z)=l,deciesteinversab,d.
0 l/ : i]
t. lututri."u adjunctd (t o o.1 (r -2 -l\ (r -2 -')
,
o o. =1, , -, I Ei a-'=l o
'. D-:: =
Seobline 'o=1, -, l.
'
[: t t)
I'
lo o t) [o 0 1)
(2 ,o)r, _, -r\ ('tI - -1 -1
l-r , ,l.l o , -ll=l
Rezutti"aX=l
I l-l 5 -1
+ ,,1[; ; , J l4 -8 -'3
rsacild. Avem succesiv: [z o 1/' ' (2 -2 -l
3.
.-{ '3 -t\
Si se rezolve ecualia matriceal5:
i: ^ l. Solulia
-8 3) (t ') '^, [3 2]-f r 'lt)
[: s,] \+ t) lo
Solufie

L1,
10 Determinanli