VISVESVARAYA TECHONOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY

Jnana Sangama, Belagavi, Karnataka 590018

A Seminar Report
On
“5G MOBILE TECHNOLOGY”

Submitted in the partial fulfilment for the academic year 2020-21

Bachelor of Engineering
in
Computer Science and Engineering

Submitted by
HARISH GOWDA 4BW17CS024

Under the Guidance of Coordinator

Mrs. SWETHA K R Mrs. DIVYA B M
Asst. Professor, Dept. of CSE Asst. Professor, Dept. of
BGSIT, B G Nagar CSE BGSIT, BG Nagar

DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING,

BGS INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, B G NAGAR
MANDYA-571448
2020-2021
 B.G.S INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY
(Affiliated to Visvesvaraya Technological University, Belagavi )
Department of Computer Science Engineering

CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that the Technical Seminar report entitled “5G MOBILE TECHNOLOGY”
is bonafide work carried out by HARISH GOWDA (4BW17CS024) a bonafide student of
BGS Institute of Technology, B.G Nagara in partial fulfilment of the award of Bachelor of
Engineering in Computer Science & Engineering under Visvesvaraya Technological
University, Belagavi during the year 2020-2021. It is certified that all corrections/suggestions
indicated for the internal assessment have been incorporated in the report deposited in the
department library. The Technical Seminar report has been approved as it satisfies the academic
requirements in respect of technical seminar work prescribed for the Bachelor of Technology.

Internal Guide: Coordinator

Mrs. Swetha K R Mrs. Divya B M
Asst. Professor, Dept. of CSE Asst. Professor, Dept. of CSE

Signature of the HOD: Signature of the Principal:

-------------------------------- ----------------------------
Dr. B K Raghavendra Dr. B K Narendra
Prof and Head, Dept. of CS&E Principal, BGSIT

External Viva-Voice
Name of Examiners Signature of Examiners

1. ---------------------------- --------------------------------

2. ---------------------------- --------------------------------
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
I would like to take this opportunity to thank a lot of eminent personalities, without
whose constant encouragement, this endeavor of mine would not have become a reality.
At first, I would like to thank the VTU, Belagavi, for having this technical seminar as
part of its curriculum, which gave me a wonderful opportunity to work on my research and
presentation abilities and BGSIT for providing me with such excellent facilities, without which,
this technical seminar could not have acquired the shape it has now done.
My heartfelt gratitude to honorable principal Dr. Narendra B K, B.G.S Institute of
Technology, for his constant support and encouragement.
I am greatly indebted to my guide Mrs. Swetha K R, Asst. Prof. Department of
Computer Science and Engineering, for providing me with all the facilities necessary for
making this technical seminar a great success and for his continuous support, advice and
guidance.
I would like to thank, Mrs. Divya B M, Asst. Prof. Technical Seminar Coordinator,
Department of Computer Science and Engineering, for his continuous support.

I am grateful to my parents, friends and well-wishers for their contribution on a

personal level.
Last but not the least my profound thanks to the Teaching staff and Non-Teaching
staff of the Department of Computer Science and Engineering for their help and patience.

HARISH GOWDA
(4BW17CS024)

i
 ABSTRACT

5G (5th generation mobile networks or 5th generation wireless systems) is a name used in some research
papers and projects to denote the next major phase of mobile telecommunications standards beyond the
upcoming 4G standards (expected to be finalized between approximately 2011 and 2013). Currently,
5G is not a term officially used for any particular specification or in any official document yet made
public by telecommunications companies or standardization bodies such as 3GPP, WiMAX Forum or
ITU-R. New 3GPP standard releases beyond 4G and LTE Advance dare in progress, but not considered
as new mobile generations. The implementations of standards under a 5G umbrella would likely be
around the year of 2020. 5G Technology stands for 5th Generation Mobile Technology. 5G technology
has changed the means to use cell phones within very high bandwidth. User never experienced ever
before such a high value technology. Nowadays mobile users have much awareness of the cell phones
(mobile) technology. The 5G technologies include all type of advanced features which makes 5G
technology most powerful and in huge demand in near future

ii
 LIST OF CONTENTS
Title Page No
ACKNOWLEDGMENT i
ABSTRACT ii

TABLE OF CONTENTS iii

LIST OF FIGURES iv

Chapter 1: INTRODUCTION 1

Chapter 2: LITRATURE SURVEY 2

Chapter 3: EXISTING SYSTEM 3-4

3.1 Features

3.2 Disadvantages

Chapter 4: PROPOSED SYSTEM 5-6

4.1 Advantages
7-13
Chapter 5: SYSTEM DESIGN

5.1 Terminal Design 7

5.2 Comparison with OSI Model 8

5.3 Open Wireless Architecture 8

5.4 Network Layer 9

5.5 Open Transport Protocol 9

5.6 Application Layer 10

5.7 Functional Architecture 10-13

APPLICATIONS 14

CONCLUSION 15

REFERENCES 16

iii
 LIST OF FIGURES

FIGURE DESCRIPTION PAGE NO

Fig 5.1 Terminal Design 7
Fig 5.2 Comparison with OSI Model 8
Fig 5.4 Network Layer 9
Fig 5.7.1 Functional Architecture 11
Fig 5.7.2 protocol layout for the elements of the proposed architecture 12
of 5G

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 5G MOBILE TECHNOLOGY 2020-21

Chapter 1
INTRODUCTION
The world has seen a lot of changes in the realm of communication. Today we no more use
landlines. Everyone possesses a mobile phone that functions 24X7. Our handsets not only keep
us connected with the world at large but also serve the purpose of entertainment gadget. From 1G
to 2.5G and from 3G to 5G this world of telecommunications has seen a number of improvements
along with improved performance with every passing day.
The 5th generation is envisaged to be a complete network for wireless mobile internet,
which has the capability to offer services for accommodating the application potential
requirements without suffering the quality. The ultimate goal of 5G is to design a real wireless
world, that is free from obstacles of the earlier generations.
5G technology will change the manner in which cellular plans are offered worldwide. A
new revolution is about to begin. The global cell phone is around the corner. The global mobile
phone will hit the localities who can call and access from one country to another’s local phone
with this new technology. The way in which people are communicating will altogether upgrade.
The utilization of this gadget will surely move a step ahead with improved and accessible
connectivity around the world. Your office will shrink into your handset with this cell phone that
is going to resemble PDA (personal digital assistant) of twenty first century.
5G technology has a bright future because it can handle best technologies and offer priceless
handset to their customers. May be in coming days 5G technology takes over the world market.
5G Technologies have an extraordinary capability to support Software and Consultancy. The
Router and switch technology used in 5G network providing high connectivity. The 5G
technology distributes internet access to nodes within the building and can be deployed with
union of wired or wireless network connections. The current trend of 5G technology has a
glowing future

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 5G MOBILE TECHNOLOGY 2020-21

Chapter 2

LITERATURE SURVEY
1. “An Overview of 5G Technology”
Wireless communication has evolved over the past three to four decades with each new
generation providing an advancement over the previous one(s). Mobile wireless
communication started with 1G, gradually evolved into 2G, 3G, 4G, and presently at the fifth-
generation (5G).

2. “5G mm WAVE Technology Design Challenges and Development Trends”

The explosive growth in areas of mobile subscriber, wireless network access, mobile services and
applications shows evidences of the continuous expansion of cellular communication bandwidth
requirement. The 5G (fifth generation) mobile communication standard aims to solve the
substantially increased requirement of data rate and the avalanche of traffic volume. One of the
promising solutions is to use the millimeter wave frequency band to get the wide available
spectrum. To overcome these unfavorable channel properties, i.e. high path loss, propagation
loss, rain fading…, etc., the beam-forming, beam tracking together with phased array antenna are
the most crucial key technologies.

3. “EVOLUTION OF 5G TECHNOLOGY”
In general, anything that affects us in any way is termed as communication. The sender and the
receiver are not always connected via physical media. Such communication which is via the
virtue of electromagnetic waves (air) is called “WIRELESS COMMUNICATION”. Mind keeps
evolving different technologies. As reported in history, society has the tendency to use and adapt
new technologies. Level of impact on society differs from technology to technology. Adaptation
of internet connectivity in all spheres of life have greatly impacted human society. This paper
discusses about communication technology, its present and future impact on society.
Technologies are focused to enhance bandwidth, speed, Quality of service (QoS) of existing
technologies. In this paper introduction of upcoming fifth generation (5G) is given, technical
details and kits comparison with earlier generations is given and impact of 5G on industries.

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Chapter 3
EXISTING SYSTEM
At the data transfer rates of the earliest cellular phones on the so-called 1G network, our “e-
Bible” could be downloaded in about 1.75 hours, although no mobile device at that time could
display or even store that amount of data. On a present day 3G mobile network, the download
time drops to approximately 6 seconds. On a 4G network, that time drops to 0.06 seconds.
What could be the data rates and download speeds that we can expect for a 5G technology
which is still in the phase of conceptualization? Mobile broadband is becoming a reality, as the
internet generation grows accustomed to having broadband access wherever they go and not
just at home or in the office. Of the estimated 3.4billion people who will have broadband by
2014, about 80 percent will be mobile broadband subscribers and the majority will be served
by High-Speed Packet Access (HSPA) and Long-term Evolution (LTE) networks.

5G technology refers to fifth generation technology, which was started in 2010. It

provides up-to 25Mbps connectivity speed. It supports the virtual private network. The speed
of uploading and downloading the file is very high. It consumes low battery and strong
bandwidth up-to 40 MHz It is cheap in rates and can be used by multi user.

There is strong evidence supporting predictions of increased mobile broadband usage.

This clearly shows that within 2020 LTE will become the latest trend for wireless
communication all over the world. Common man to utilize his available possessions in an
immense way to make him to feel the real progress.

3.1. Features
1. 5G technology offer high resolution for crazy cell phone user and bidirectional large bandwidth
shaping

2. The advanced billing interfaces of 5G technology makes it more attractive and effective.

3. 5G technology also providing subscriber supervision tools for fast action.

4. The high-quality services of 5G technology based on Policy to avoid error.

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3.2. Disadvantages

• High power consumption

• Developing infrastructure needs high cost
• There are so many security and privacy issues
• High computational complexity
• More energy requirements
• Optimization problem

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Chapter 4

PROPOSED SYSTEM
The mobile communication networks can integrate satellite communication networks and 5G
to make global coverage. The networks consist of navigation satellite networks,
telecommunication satellite networks and Earth imaging satellites networks.

The navigation satellite networks are used for global position, the telecommunication satellite
networks are used for global telephony, multimedia video and high-speed Internet connectivity
and the Earth imaging satellite networks are used for resource monitoring and weather
information. To integrate these three kinds of satellite networks to provide position identifier,
multimedia and internet connectivity, and weather information services for mobile users are
key objectives for 5G.

Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) Actually, US military has deployed

Global Position System (GPS) many years. European Galileo, Chinese COMPASS and Russian
GLONASS have being developed and deployed by military only and Since 5G is migration
from 4G which is based on MCCDMA standard, if 6G integrate 5G with these four satellite
networks, 5G should have four standards. On the other words, there are four technologies,
networks and systems on 5G. Handoff/roaming must happen on space between any two
networks and systems and technologies.

5G technology refers to the fifth-generation technology. It is proposed to integrate 5G

technology for a global coverage. For resource monitoring and weather information multimedia
video and high-speed Internet connectivity and the Earth imaging satellite networks are used.
To integrate these three kinds of satellite like telecommunication, navigation, multimedia
networks which provide global positions, internet connectivity with high speed and for mobile
user’s weather information services are major three objectives for 5G technology.

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4.1. Advantages

• 5G provides data bandwidth of 1 Gbps or higher.

• 5G is globally accessible.
• 5G provides dynamic information access beneficial to domestic user.
• 5G is available at low cost.

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Chapter 5
SYSTEM DESIGN

5.1. TERMINAL DESIGN

5G technologies have been associated with trade-offs of several issues such as throughput,
delay, energy efficiency, deployment costs, reliability, and hardware complexity. It is very
likely that 5G will not be able to meet the market demands after 2030. Then, 6G will fill the
gap between 5G and the market demand. Based on the previous trends and predictions of future
needs, the main objectives for the 6G systems are (i) extremely high data rates per device, (ii)
a very large number of connected devices, (iii) global connectivity, (iv) very low latency, (v)
lowering the energy consumption with battery free IOT devices, (vi) ultra-high reliable
connectivity and (vii) connected intelligence with machine learning capability. Table 2 shows
a comparison of 6G with the 4G and 5G communication systems

Fig 5.1: Terminal Design

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5G MOBILE TECHNOLOGY 2020-21

5.2. COMPARISION WITH OSI MODEL

Let us compare the protocol stack of 5G wireless with the OSI Model using
the
fig. below.

Fig 5.2: Comparison with OSI Model

5.3. OPEN WIRELESS ARCHITECTURE(OWA)

Physical layer + Data link layer = OWA
• OSI layer 1 i.e., Physical layer & OSI layer 2 i.e., Data link layer define the
wireless technology.
• For these two layers the 5G mobile network is likely to be based on Open Wireless
Architecture (OWA)

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5.4. NETWORK LAYER

• All mobile networks will use mobile IP.
• Each mobile terminal will be FA (Foreign Agent).
• A mobile can be attached to several mobiles or wireless networks at the
same time.
• The fixed IPv6 will be implemented in the mobile phones.
• Separation of network layer into two sub-layers:
(i) Lower network layer (for each interface)
(ii) Upper network layer (for the mobile terminal)

Fig 5.4: Network Layer

5.5. OPEN TRANSPORT PROTOCOL (OTP)

Transport layer + Session layer = OTP

• Wireless network differs from wired network regarding the transport layer.

• In all TCP versions the assumption is that lost segments are due to network
congestion.

• In wireless, the loss is due to higher bit error ratio in the radio interface.

• 5G mobile terminals have transport layer that is possible to be downloaded &

installed which is based on Open Transport Protocol.

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5.6. APPLICATION LAYER

Presentation layer + Application layer = Application layer (5G)

• Provides intelligent QoS (Quality of Service) management over variety of
networks.
• Provides possibility for service quality testing & storage of measurement
information in information database in the mobile terminal.
• Select the best wireless connection for given services.
• QoS parameters, such as, delay, losses, BW, reliability, will be stored in DB
(Database) of 5G mobile.

5.7. FUNCTIONAL ARCHITECTURE

Architecture for 5G mobile systems, which is all-IP based model for wireless and mobile
networks interoperability. The system consists of a user terminal (which has a crucial role
in the new architecture) and a number of independent, autonomous radio access
technologies. Within each of the terminals, each of the radio access technologies is seen
as the IP link to the outside Internet world. However, there should be different radio
interface for each Radio Access Technology (RAT) in the mobile terminal. For an
example, if we want to have access to four different RATs, we need to have four different
access - specific interfaces in the mobile terminal, and to have all of them active at the
same time, with aim to have this architecture to be functional applications and servers
somewhere on the Internet. Routing of packets should be carried out in accordance with
established policies of the user.

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Fig 5.7.1: Functional Architecture

Application connections are realized between clients and servers in the Internet via sockets.
Internet sockets are endpoints for data communication flows. Each socket of the web is a
unified and unique combination of local IP address and appropriate local transport
communications port, target IP address and target appropriate communication port, and type
of transport protocol. Considering that, the establishment of communication from end-to-end
between the client and server using the Internet protocol is necessary to raise the appropriate
Internet socket uniquely determined by the application of the client and the server. This means
that in case of interoperability between heterogeneous networks and for the vertical handover
between the respective radio technologies, the local IP address and destination IP address
should be fixed and unchanged. Fixing of these two parameters should ensure handover
transparency to the Internet connection end-to-end, when there is a mobile user at least on one
end of such connection. In order to preserve the proper layout of the packets and to reduce or
prevent packets losses, routing to the target destination and vice versa should be uniquely and
using the same path. Each radio access technology that is available to the user in achieving
connectivity with the relevant radio access is presented with appropriate IP interface.

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5G MOBILE TECHNOLOGY 2020-21

Fig 5.7.2: protocol layout for the elements of the proposed architecture of 5G

Each IP interface in the terminal is characterized by its IP address and net mask and parameters
associated with the routing of IP packets across the network. In regular inter-system handover,
the change of access technology (i.e., vertical handover) would mean changing the local IP
address. Then, change of any of the parameters of the socket means and change of the socket,
that is, closing the socket and opening a new one. This means, ending the connection and
starting e new one. This approach is not-flexible, and it is based on today’s Internet
communication. In order to solve this deficiency, we propose a new level that will take care of
the abstraction levels of network access technologies to higher layers of the protocol stack.
This layer is crucial in the new architecture. To enable the functions of the applied transparency
and control or direct routing of packets through the most appropriate radio access technology,
in the proposed architecture we introduce a control system in the functional architecture of the
networks, which works in complete coordination with the user terminal and provides a network
abstraction functions and routing of packets based on defined policies. At the same time this
control system is an essential element through which it can determine the quality of service for
each transmission technology. He is on the Internet side of the proposed architecture, and as
such represents an ideal system to test the qualitative characteristics of the access technologies,
as well as to obtain a realistic picture regarding the quality that can be expected from
applications of the user towards a given server in Internet (or peer). Protocol setup of the new
levels within the existing protocol stack, which form the proposed architecture, is presented in
Figure (Protocol Layout for the Elements of the Proposed Architecture).

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5G MOBILE TECHNOLOGY 2020-21

The network abstraction level would be provided by creating IP tunnels over IP interfaces
obtained by connection to the terminal via the access technologies available to the terminal
(i.e., mobile user). In fact, the tunnels would be established between the user terminal and
control system named here as Policy Router, which performs routing based on given policies.
In this way the client side will create an appropriate number of tunnels connected to the
number of radio access technologies, and the client will only set a local IP address which will
be formed with sockets Internet communication of client applications with Internet servers.
The way IP packets are routed through tunnels, or choosing the right tunnel, would be served
by policies whose rules will be exchanged via the virtual network layer protocol. This way
we achieve the required abstraction of the network to the client applications at the mobile
terminal. The process of establishing a tunnel to the Policy Router, for routing based on the
policies, are carried out immediately after the establishment of IP connectivity across the radio
access technology, and it is initiated from the mobile terminal Virtual Network-level Protocol.
Establishing tunnel connections as well as maintaining them represents basic functionality of
the virtual network level (or network level of abstraction)

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APPLICATIONS

➢ Wearable device with AI capabilities.

➢ Pervasive (Global) networks.

➢ Media independent handover.

➢ Radio resource management.

➢ High Altitude Stratospheric Platform Station (HAPS) systems.

➢ VoIP (Voice over IP) enabled device.

➢ With 6th sense technology.

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CONCLUSION

5th generation technology is designed to provide incredible and remarkable data capabilities,
unhindered call volumes, and immeasurable data broadcast within the latest mobile operating
system. Hence, it is more intelligent technology, which will interconnect the entire world without
limits. Likewise, our world would have universal and uninterrupted access to information,
communication, and entertainment that will open a new dimension to our lives and will change
our life style meaningfully. Moreover, governments and regulators can use this technology as an
opportunity for the good governance and can create healthier environments, which will definitely
encourage continuing investment in 5G, the next generation technology.

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REFERENCES

[1] A. Orsino, O. N. C. Yilmaz and J. Torsner, “Factories of the Future Enabled by 5G

Technology,” 2018.
[2] A. Tudzarov and T. Janevski, “Design of 5G Mobile Architecture,” International Journal
of Communication Networks and Information Security,3(2), 2011.
[3] A. U. Gawas, “An Overview on Evolution of Mobile Wireless Communication
Networks: 1G-6G,” International Journal on Recent and Innovation Trends in Computing
and Communication, 3(5), 2015.
[4] MIPI Alliance, “Making the 5G vision a reality: A 5G Readiness Assessment of MIPI
Specifications,” 2018
[5] C. Chiasserini and A. Magnan, “5G for the Automotive Domain,” 2018.
[6] “Fundamentals of 5G Mobile Networks,” 2015. Edited by Jonathan Rodriguez.
[7] K. G. Eze, M. N. O. Sadiku and S. M. Musa, “5G Wireless Technology: A Primer,”
International Journal of Scientific Engineering and Technology, 7(7), 2277-1581, 62-64,
2018.
[8] K. Rao, “The Path to 5G for Health Care,” 2018.

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