IBM Power Systems

IBM i Application Development

Strategy

Tim Rowe
Application Business Architect, Development Environments, IBM i Development

© 2011 IBM Corporation

IBM Power Systems

New Development Paradigms

Graphical User Experiences
– Grown from GUIs to Experiences

Agile Development
– Work in highly collaborative groups
– Time line is strict
– Small adaptive modules

Framework Development
– Consistency in code creation
– Component based
– Model – View – Controller
– Agile

Services Orientation
– Componentized code
– Business based
– Distributed function

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Services Orientation - SOA

Modular

Reusable

Loosely Coupled

Standards based

y
ector
es Dir
Servic

3 © 2011 IBM Corporation

IBM Power Systems

Application Development in the Power Market

SOA

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Application Development Strategy for IBM i

High performance compilers

reaching to new technologies
Compilers

Common developer desktop across

operating systems
and languages

Common development
infrastructure for Power and the
world around Power

Embrace Open Source Solutions and

Partners to Complete Application
Development Portfolio

5 © 2011 IBM Corporation

IBM Power Systems

Compilers for Optimized Performance

Compilers tightly integrated with operating systems and POWER7 hardware

Binary compatibility
– Applications will move to POWER7 with no recompile required
S/36 and S/38 environment applications also

Rational Open Access: RPG Edition - new offering for RPG
– Long requested feature from customers and partners

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i Architecture
Language Runtimes (RPG, COBOL, C, C++)

Optimizes underlying IBM i and hardware

Single Level Store Object Based Architecture

Automates & optimizes storage management Enables integrity, security, virus-resistance

Integration Work Management

... ...

Integrates business components, e.g. database Provides built-in application virtualization

Technology Independent Machine Interface

Ensures application compatibility across multiple technology generations

Multi-core
Multi-threads

7 © 2011 IBM Corporation

IBM Power Systems

Commitment to RPG and COBOL

Hayden Lindsey
Vice President and Distinguished Engineer
Enterprise Modernization, Modeling,
Construction and Compilers
IBM Rational

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Compilers on IBM i

Rational Development Studio

– RPG, COBOL, C, and C++ compilers for IBM i
– Previously called WDS: “WebSphere Development Studio for System i”
– Designed for creating modern business applications

WebSphere Development Rational Development Studio for i

Studio for IBM i 5770-WDS

New Enhancements Stabilized Stabilized

Feature: ILE Compilers Feature: Heritage Compilers Feature: ADTS
• ILE RPG • S/36 Compatible RPG II • PDM
• ILE RPG *PRV Compiler • S/38 Compatible RPG II • SEU
• ILE COBOL • RPG/400 (RPG III)_ • SDA
• ILE COBOL *PRV Compiler • S/36 Compatible COBOL • RLU
• ILE C • S/38 Compatible COBOL
• ILE C++ • OPM COBOL
• IXLC for C/C++

9 © 2011 IBM Corporation

IBM Power Systems

RPG IV Goals for the Language

Three main goals for RPG IV

– Interoperability
• Java
• XML
• SQL
– Readability
• Free form
• Blank lines
• Comments
– Functionality
• Procedures
• Data areas/data structures
• More data types
• Extended file support

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Modern RPG
/FREE
read file; // Get next record
dow not %eof(file); // Keep looping while we have a record
if %error;
dsply ‘The read failed’;
leave;
else;
chain(n) name database data;
time = hours * num_employees
+ overtime_saved;
pos = %scan (‘,’ : name);
name = %xlate(upper : lower : name);
exsr handle_record;
read file;
endif;
enddo;
begsr handle_record;
eval(h) time = time + total_hours_array (empno);
temp_hours = total_hours - excess_hours;
record_transaction();
endsr;
/end-free
11 © 2011 IBM Corporation

IBM Power Systems

ILE RPG enhancements

New and updated built-in functions %LEN, %SCANRPL,

%PARMNUM

Implicit unicode conversion for parameters

Sort and search data structures

Sort Ascend or descend

Performance when returning large values

Optional prototypes

Support for ALIAS names in externally-described data structures

New options for XML-INTO (also available with a PTF for 6.1)

Support for Open Access RPG Edition (also available with a PTF
for 6.1)

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Rational Open Access: RPG Edition

Extending RPG to reach new

interfaces

<?xml?>
Custom
Devices
XML
Future
Interfaces
Devices

Rich
RPG IV Mobile
Clients
+ Open Browsers

Access
SOA
Interface Databases
Web
Browsers

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IBM Power Systems

Rational Open Access: RPG Edition

*DSPF example 5250 Screens

RPG Application

WRITE record program 5250 datastream

I/O buffer Display file
object
* DSPF
Other information:
•state
•names
•pointers

RPG Runtime Display Manager

IBM i
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Rational Open Access: RPG Edition

*DSPF example
?
RPG Application
Handler code to manage building the
interface and proprietary information

Handler Defined
program
I/O buffer
WRITE record

Other information:
•state
•names
•pointers

RPG Runtime Display Manager

IBM i
15 © 2011 IBM Corporation

IBM Power Systems

IBM i Open Source Strategy

Encourage Open Source vendors to port to IBM i (PASE)

Encourage Open Source vendors to provide support

PHP and MySQL run on IBM i

IBM i PASE Development Team is testing other Open Source products

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Over one-third of the Web runs on PHP

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Open Source Solutions for i

Zend Server Community Edition for i

– Preloaded with IBM i 7.1, 6.1, 5.4

Zend Server for i
– Provides advanced functions
– Available from IBM with advanced support
offerings

Zend Studio for i
– Eclipse-based development environment
– Available with one year of Silver support from
Zend for no additional charge

Other Open Source Products:

DB2
Community
Edition

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Modernization on IBM i with PHP

Leverage Existing Infrastructure to Develop &

Run Dynamic Web Applications Easily

Expose part of New/Packaged Web

RPG Application Application on IBM i

Access DB2/400 Access RPG Programs

Data via Browser & Data as Web Services

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IBM Power Systems

New Application Development Support

Web
Service

Web Services
– New client support – WSDL2RPG - Delivered 12/10
Call Web Services natively from RPG Native calls!
WSDL converted to native RPG to encapsulate Web Service call

Zend PHP
– New IBM i PHP Toolkit – GA EOY 2011
Call *PGM, *SVRPGM, *CMD, PASE utilities
– Enhanced Database support – May 2011
Local DB support for MySQL, DB2
Remote DB support for MsSQL, Oracle

DB2
DB2
Oracle
Oracle
Remote DB Connection

IBM/Zend MsSQL
–
MsSQL
PHP Toolkit MySQL
MySQL
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PHP Integration with i - ToolKit

Easy access to IBM i data and resources from PHP

(similar to IBM ToolBox for Java)
–DB2 for i – SQL and Native
–Program call
–Procedure call
–Data Area
–Data Queue
–Message Queue
–Commands
–System values
–Spool files

http://174.79.32.155/wiki/XMLService/XMLService

21 © 2011 IBM Corporation

IBM Power Systems

XMLSERVICE RAW XML PHP Interfaces

The basic idea of XMLSERVICE is to allow any scripting language to use XML input/output
documents to drive XMLSERVICE job(s) calling PGMs, SRVPGMS, CMDs, PASE shells.

Call ILE or shell scripts from local PHP OR remote PHP environment

XML based

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Leveraging Open Source Application Portfolio

Customer Relationship Management Help Desk

Portal

Portal
Portal

Course Management System

e-Commerce

Wiki

Bulletin Board
Content Management System

23 © 2011 IBM Corporation

IBM Power Systems

Rational Developer for Power Systems Software

Rational Developer for Power V8.0

•RPG and COBOL for IBM i
•COBOL for AIX
IBM XL C/C++ for AIX and Linux V11.1
•C/C++ for AIX
IBM XL Fortran for AIX and Linux V13.1
•C/C++ for Linux on Power
IBM COBOL for AIX V4.1
•C/C++ Development Studio for AIX

IBM PL/I for AIX V2
•COBOL Development Studio for AIX
•Power Tools for AIX
IBM Rational Development Studio V7.1
•Power Tools for IBM i
IBM i compilers
•Power Tools for Linux on Power
Rational Open Access: RPG Edition V1.1
•Linux Desktop Support
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Rational Developer for Power: RPG and COBOL

Remote System Explorer (RSE)

Perspective for access to

remote IBM i servers

Reusable actions, dialogs,
widgets, APIs

Editor for traditional IBM i
application code
– RPG, COBOL, C,
C++, Java & DDS

Interface to the compilers

Debugger
– Multi-language

25 © 2011 IBM Corporation

IBM Power Systems

Productivity & Innovation – why its important

Productivity: The measure of output from a process, such as output per labor-hour.

Higher More
Higher Cost
More Application
Profit Output
Profit Effectiveness
Output Modernization

Job Accelerate 20% Boost

Growth Growth
Satisfaction Innovation In developer
Productivity1

¹ Based on IBM customer study, “Making a Business Case for IBM Rational Developer for i”

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Why RD Power? Developer View (the fun stuff!)

Modern, Eclipse-based, development tools for IBM i
Visual editors, outline views, content assist, integrated language help
Integrated file management, search, edit, compile/build, debug capabilities
Analysis tools (application diagram, call hierarchies, type hierarchies)
Easily debug batch, interactive, and Web applications and Web services with a common
visual debugger
Visual DDS design tools: Screen and Report Designer
Integration with Rational Team Concert

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IBM Power Systems

Show me the features

Remote Systems LPEX Editor

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From this…

PDM & SEU – the editor…

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To this… Best of Both Worlds

SEU look and feel

– Prefix commands
– Format bar

Modern look and feel
– Colors!
– Modern editor features

Shortcut to open a
member, Ctrl + Shift +
A
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Undo / Redo * means editor has Number of changes

unsaved changes made since last save.

Unlimited undo / redo inside of LPEX editor

– Undo changes right back to when member was originally opened
– Even if editor was saved during the editing period
– Edit > Undo | Redo or use more common keyboard shortcuts Ctrl + Z | Ctrl + Y

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Copy and Paste

Block copy / paste

Prefix commands for

copy / paste Stream based copy / paste
(typical of Workstation software)
Uses Windows Clipboard, paste
into another editor, email, or
document editor.
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Outline View and Content Assist

Cross reference
information

Content assist helps jog

your memory (opcodes,
BIFs, fields)

Templates provide a quick way

to insert common code patterns
(free form and SQL). Predefined
33 or ©define
Copyrightyour own!
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From this…

Compile Errors

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…To This
Launch compiles
directly from editor or
pop-up menu.

Compile errors
automatically downloaded
and shown in Error List

Double clicking on an error opens editor and

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IBM Power Systems

From this…

Application Diagram ???

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Application Diagram
Subroutine ChgOrder calls
something inside the
ROUTINES member

ORDENTR
ORDENTRmembermember
expanded
expandedtotoview
viewaa
call
callgraph
graph

Subroutine RqsPart calls

subroutine Process

Subroutine WrtDtaQ calls

program QSNDDTAQ

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IBM Power Systems

Application Diagram

Application Diagram
– Provides developers with a graphical overview of the structure of their native i5/OS
applications
Call graph showing subroutine, procedure, and program calls
ILE program and service program bindings
– Currently supports ILE RPG, ILE COBOL, CL, programs and service programs

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From this…

Build DDM Screens

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Report Designer & Screen Designer

Screen controls allow you Outline view for

to specify which records navigating in the editor
should be visualized and selecting the file,
together in the design area. records and fields.

Palette: drag and drop

parts from the palette
to the design area.
Design, source and
Design area
preview modes

Use properties view to

modify attributes and
keywords for the file,
records and fields.

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From this…

Integrated Debugger

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Debug View controls

Work with breakpoints Real time monitoring
the debugger
(enable / disable, remove, of the field values
add, conditional)

Breakpoint (set / remove

by double clicking)

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Launching the Debugger Attach to a job

One Click Actions (STRSRVJOB)

Always use Service Entry

Points to debug any ILE
program / service program!

Single click debug for batch

(don’t use for interactive – use
service entry points or debug
job)
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IBM Power Systems

JVM Improves Java Performance

V5R4 GA V6R1 GA

1400
Transactions per Second

+68% +78%
1200
1000
800
600
400
200
0
Native JDBC Toolbox JDBC

IBM 32-bit & 64-bit Java™ Virtual Machine

– Shared technology with AIX & Linux improves performance & portability

Exceptional Java environment and performance. Built by IBM for Power
– Fully compatible with other industry standard Java applications
– Can be called by APIs or directly from RPG

IBM Java ToolBox
– Pre-coded Java classes to access native IBM i artifacts – files, data queues, etc

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IBM Rational Application Developer (RAD)

• Eclipse-based Java development environment
• Full support for J2EE, web, web services, etc

45 © 2011 IBM Corporation

IBM Power Systems

Rational Application Developer Standard Edition

Java Web Development tool

Use RAD SE to build rich Java internet
applications
– improve online user experience
– increase customer satisfaction

Visual development for Web 2.0
– significant productivity benefits

Award winning! – 2009 Evans Data Users Choice:
Software Development

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New RPG stuff for IBM i 7.1

the Details…..

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RPG: %LEN(varying : *MAX)

Problem solved by %LEN(*MAX):
Starting in V6R1, calculations involving the size of the varying-length prefix
became error-prone because the size might be either 2 or 4.
In V6R1, %ADDR was enhanced with %ADDR(*DATA) to simplify getting the
address of the data part. Previously, programmers added 2 to %ADDR.
%LEN(*MAX) simplifies getting the maximum length of the data part.
Previously, programmers subtracted 2 from %SIZE, and then divided by 2 for
UCS-2 and DBCS.

Get the maximum number of characters for a varying field.

D char_varying S 5000A VARYING
/free
// Pass address and length of the data
conv (%addr(char_varying : *data)
: %len(char_varying : *max));

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RPG: New built-in function %SCANRPL

Problem solved by %SCANRPL:

 Hand-written versions of scan-and-replace tend to be large, error prone,
and difficult to maintain.
 The %SCANRPL built-in function replaces all occurrences a string with
another string.

fileErr = ’File &1 not found. Please create &1.’;

msg = %scanrpl (’&1’ : filename : fileErr);

// msg = ’File MYFILE not found. Please create MYFILE.’

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RPG: New built-in function %PARMNUM

Problem solved by %PARMNUM:

Parameter-information APIs such as CEEDOD or CEETSTA
require a parameter’s number.
The %PARMNUM built-in function returns a parameter’s
position in the parameter list.
Soft-coding the parameter’s number makes the code easier to
read and maintain.

D myProc pi 10A OPDESC

D company 25A OPTIONS(*VARSIZE)
D city 25A OPTIONS(*VARSIZE)

CEEDOD (2 : more parms); // hard to understand

CEEDOD (%PARMNUM(city) : more parms); // better

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RPG: Implicit CCSID conversion - parms

 Implicit CCSID conversion is now supported for prototyped parameters passed by VALUE
and by read-only reference (CONST)
 This reduces the number of code changes that have to be made when a database field is
changed from alphanumeric or DBCS to Unicode (UCS-2 or UTF-16).
 Prior to this change, if the type (A, C or G) of a passed parameter was not the same as the
prototype, the compiler would issue a diagnostic. With this change, the compiler will
implicitly convert the passed parameter to the type of the prototype.

In the example below, there is only one “makeTitle” procedure with a UCS-2 parameter and return
value. If the passed parameter is alpha or DBCS, it will be converted to UCS-2 on the call. The
procedure will work with the UCS-2 parameter and return a UCS-2 value. This returned value can
then be converted on assignment to alpha or DBCS, if necessary.

// makeTitle() upper-cases the parameter

// and centers it within the provided length
alphaTitle = makeTitle(alphaValue : 50);
ucs2Title = makeTitle(ucs2Value : 50);
dbcsTitle = makeTitle(dbcsValue : 50);

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Sort & Search

SORT AND SEARCH DATA STRUCTURE ARRAYS:

To sort or search a data structure array, one subfield is identified as the
"key" for the array, using the syntax ARRAY(*).KEYSUBFIELD.

Example: Sort the INFO array by the SALARY subfield and search for the
name. Note that 'Jack' in the NAME subfield of the INFO array.
Sort a data structure array using one subfield as a key
// sort by name
SORTA info(*).name;

// sort by due date

SORTA info(*).dueDate;

Search a data structure array using one subfield as a key

// search for a name
pos = %LOOKUP(‘Jack’ : info(*).name);

// search for today’s date

pos = %LOOKUP(%date() : info(*).dueDate);

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RPG: Sort and search data structure arrays

 The (*) index identifies the array to be sorted. Any other arrays in the expression
must have a numeric index.
 The subfields preceding the (*) index indicate the array to be sorted. The subfields
following the (*) array represent the key to be searched or sorted.

// sort family array by age of first child

SORTA family(*).child(1).age;
// sort child array in each family by age
for i = 1 to numFamily;
SORTA family(i).child(*).age;
endfor;

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RPG: Sort ascending or descending

Non-sequenced arrays can be sorted either ascending or descending.

Extender indicates a descending sort.

Extender indicates ascending (default).

D meetings S D DIM(100)
/free
// sort descending, with the
// most recent date first
sorta(d) meetings;

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RPG: Performance returning large values

RTNPARM keyword greatly improves performance when a procedure

returns a large value
The speed of using a parameter with the convenience of using a return
value
Especially noticeable when the prototyped return value is a large
varying
length value

D center pr 100000a varying

D rtnparm
D text 50000a const varying
D len 10i 0 value
D title s 100a varying
/free
title = center ('Chapter 1' : 60);

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RPG: Optional prototypes

If a program or procedure is not called by another

RPG module, it is optional to specify the prototype.

These are some of the programs and procedures that

do not require an RPG prototype
An exit program, or the command-processing
program for a command
A program or procedure that is never intended to be
called from RPG
A procedure that is not exported from the module

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RPG: Optional prototypes

Here is an RPG module with a main procedure and a subprocedure.

No prototypes are necessary.
H main(hello)
P hello b
D pi
extpgm('HELLO')
D name 10a const
/free
sayHello();
...
P sayHello b
/free
dsply ('Hello ' + name);
...

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RPG: Support for ALIAS names

Background

Fields in externally described files can have a standard name up to 10 characters and an alternate (ALIAS) name up to 128
characters.

RPG III only allowed 6 characters, so many customers have files with cryptic names like CUSNAM, CUSADR. The files often
have alternate names such as CUSTOMER_NAME and CUSTOMER_ADDRESS, that can be used in SQL queries.

RPG programmers would like to use the alternate names in their RPG programs.

New ALIAS keyword for RPG

When ALIAS is specified, RPG will use the alternate name instead of the 10-character standard name.

Supported on F specs for any file that will not have Input or Output specs generated. Used for LIKEREC data structures.

Supported on D specs for any externally-described data structure.

A R CUSTREC
A CUSTNM 25A ALIAS(CUSTOMER_NAME)
A CUSTAD 25A ALIAS(CUSTOMER_ADDRESS)
A ID 10P 0

D custDs e ds ALIAS
D QUALIFIED EXTNAME(custFile)
/free
custDs.customer_name = 'John Smith';
custDs.customer_address = '123 Mockingbird Lane';
custDs.id = 12345;

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RPG XML-INTO: new option datasubf

The new datasubf option enables XML-INTO to support XML elements in this form
<emp type=“regular” id=“13573”>John Smith</emp>

Problem solved by datasubf:

When an XML element has attributes or child elements, the XML element (emp)
itself matches an RPG data structure and the attributes (type, id) match the
subfields. (Child elements would also match subfields.) If there is text data for the
data structure (“John Smith”), there is no XML name available for subfield
matching.

Without the datasubf option, two XML-INTO operations would be needed to get
the data from that XML element.
– One XML-INTO would get the type and id values
– One XML-INTO would get the value “John Smith”
– The allowextra=yes option would be needed for both XML-INTOs

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RPG XML-INTO: datasubf example

<emp type=“regular” id=“13573”>John Smith</emp>

RPG coding to get the information with one XML-INTO operation:
D emp ds
D id 7p 0
D type 10a
D value 100a
/free
XML-INTO emp %xml(‘emp.xml’ :
: ‘datasubf=value doc=file’);
// emp.id = 13573
// emp.type = ‘regular’
// emp.value = ‘John Smith’

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RPG XML-INTO: new option countprefix

The new countprefix option enables RPG programmers to get more information about an
XML document using XML-INTO.

Problem solved by countprefix:

When an XML element has a variable number repeating elements, it matches an RPG
array. The RPG programmer has to code the maximum elements for the RPG array, but
the XML document will usually have fewer elements.

Without the countprefix option,
– The allowmissing=yes option would be required, also allowing other necessary data to
be missing
– The RPG programmer would have to figure out how many XML elements there were
by looking for some default value.

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RPG XML-INTO: countprefix

The countprefix option gives the prefix for the subfields to receive the count of the number of
XML elements used to fill the RPG array.
<team>
<manager>Jack Spratt</manager>
<emp>John Smith</emp>
<emp>Mary Jones</emp>
</team>
The RPG data structure.
D team DS
D manager 25A
D emp 25A dim(100)
D numemp 10i 0

No "numemp" tag in the XML for subfield "numemp".

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