JULIA ORTIZ LUIS NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL

Division of Nueva Ecija

Sagaba, Sto. Domingo, Nueva Ecija

Abigail L. Costales Basic Calculus

Grade 11 – Stem A Sir Cris Lorenzana

BASIC CALCULUS
QUIZ #1

I. Find the first derivative of the function 𝑦 = 𝑥 2 − 1 using the 4-step rule.
STEP 1:
𝑦 + ∆𝑦 = (𝑥 + ∆𝑥)2 − 1

STEP 2:
∆𝑦 = 𝑥 2 + 2𝑥 ∆𝑥 + ∆𝑥 2 − 1 𝑏𝑢𝑡 𝑦 = 𝑥 2 − 1
∆𝑦 = 𝑥 2 + 2𝑥 ∆𝑥 + ∆𝑥 2 − 1 − (𝑥 2 − 1)
∆𝑦 = 𝑥 2 + 2𝑥 ∆𝑥 + ∆𝑥 2 − 1 − 𝑥 2 + 1
∆𝑦 = 2𝑥 ∆𝑥 + ∆𝑥 2

STEP 3:
∆𝑦 2𝑥 ∆𝑥 + ∆𝑥 2
=
∆𝑥 ∆𝑥
∆𝑦
= 2𝑥 + ∆𝑥
∆𝑥

STEP 4:
∆𝑦
𝑦′ = = lim 2𝑥 + ∆𝑥
∆𝑥 ∆𝑥→0
𝑦′ = lim 2𝑥 + lim ∆𝑥
∆𝑥→0 ∆𝑥→0

𝑦′ = 2𝑥 + 0
𝒚′ = 𝟐𝒙
II. Find the first derivative of the following algebraic functions, any method.
1. 𝑦 = −89
SOLUTION:
𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑦
𝑦′ = = (𝑐) = 0
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥
𝑦′ = −89
𝒚′ = 𝟎

2. 𝑦 = 3𝑥 2 − 4𝑥 + 1
SOLUTION:

𝑦′ = 3(2(𝑥)2−1 ) − 4 + 0
𝑦′ = 3(2𝑥) − 4
𝒚′ = 𝟔𝒙 − 𝟒

3. 𝑦 = (𝑥 + 1)(𝑥 − 1)
SOLUTION:

𝑦 = (𝑥 + 1)(𝑥 − 1)
𝑦′ = 𝑥2 − 𝑥 + 𝑥 − 1
𝑦 ′ = 2(𝑥)2−1 − 1(𝑥)1−1 + 1(𝑥)1−1 − 0
𝑦 ′ = 2(𝑥) − 1 + 1 − 0
𝒚′ = 𝟐𝒙
 1
4. 𝑦 = 𝑥 2 −1

SOLUTION:

1 𝑑𝑦 𝑓′(𝑥)
𝑦= = =−
(𝑓(𝑥)) 𝑑𝑥 (𝑓(𝑥))2 𝑑𝑦 𝑓′(𝑥)
=−
1 𝑑𝑥 (𝑓(𝑥))2
(𝑓(𝑥)) =
𝑥2 − 1 𝒅𝒚 𝟐𝒙
′
𝑓 (𝑥) = 2(𝑥) 2−1
−0 =− 𝟐
𝒅𝒙 (𝒙 − 𝟏)𝟐
𝑓 ′ (𝑥) = 2𝑥

5. 𝑦 = √𝑥 + √𝑥
SOLUTION:
𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑦 1 1 1 −1
𝑦= = 𝑥𝑚 = 𝑥𝑚
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥 𝑚
𝑑𝑦 1 1
𝑦′ = (𝑥 2 + 𝑥 2 )
𝑑𝑥
1 1 1 1
𝑦 ′ = 𝑥 2−1 + 𝑥 2−1
2 2
1 1 1 1
𝑦 ′ = 𝑥 −2 + 𝑥 −2
2 2
1 1
𝑦′ = 1 + 1
2𝑥 2 2𝑥 2
𝟏 𝟏
𝒚′ = 𝟏
𝒐𝒓
𝒙𝟐 √𝒙
6. 𝑦 = 𝑢2 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑢 = 𝑥 2 − 2
SOLUTION:
𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑢
= ∙ = (2𝑢)(2𝑥) 𝑏𝑢𝑡 𝑢 = 𝑥 2 − 2
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑢 𝑑𝑥

𝑑𝑦
= 2(𝑥 2 − 2)(2𝑥)
𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑦
= 2𝑥(2𝑥 2 − 4)
𝑑𝑥
𝒅𝒚
= 𝟒𝒙𝟑 − 𝟖𝒙
𝒅𝒙

7. 𝑦 = √(𝑥 2 − 9)3
SOLUTION:
3 3
𝑦 = (𝑢)𝑛 = 𝑦 = 𝑛(𝑢)𝑛−1 (𝑢′) 𝑦′ = (𝑥 2 − 9)2 −1 (2𝑥)
2
3
𝑦 = (𝑥 2 − 9)2 ′
3 2
1
𝑦 = (2𝑥)(𝑥 − 9)2
2
𝑢 = 𝑥2 − 9 1
′
𝑢 = 2𝑥 𝑦 ′ = 3(𝑥)(𝑥 2 − 9)2
𝟏
𝒚′ = 𝟑𝒙√𝒙𝟐 − 𝟗 𝒐𝒓 𝟑𝒙(𝒙𝟐 − 𝟗)𝟐

8. 𝑦 = 3𝑥 + 1
SOLUTION:

𝑦 = 3𝑥 + 1
𝑦′ = 3(1(𝑥)1−1 ) + 0
𝒚′ = 𝟑
 9. 𝑦 = 𝑥 2 − 4𝑥 + 1
SOLUTION:

𝑦 = 𝑥 2 − 4𝑥 + 1
𝑦′ = 2(1(𝑥)2−1 ) − 4 + 0
𝑦′ = 2(𝑥) − 4
𝒚′ = 𝟐𝒙 − 𝟒

1
10. 𝑦 = 𝑤

SOLUTION:
𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑦 1
𝑦′ = = ( )
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥 𝑤
𝑦′ = 𝑤 −1
𝑦 ′ = −1(𝑤)−1−1
𝟏
𝒚′ = −𝟏𝒘−𝟐 𝒐𝒓 −
𝒘𝟐

III. Solve only 3 of the following word problems. Show the solution.

1. What is the abscissa of the point on 𝑦 = 2𝑥 2 − 3𝑥 where the tangent is

horizontal?
SOLUTION:
A horizontal line has a slope equal to zero. Hence 𝑦 ′ = 0 at the point. Then,

𝑦 = 2𝑥 2 − 3𝑥 𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑛 0 = 4𝑥 − 3
𝑦′ = 2(2(𝑥)2−1 − 3(1(𝑥)1−1 4𝑥 3
=
𝑦 ′ = 4𝑥 − 3 4 4
𝟑
𝒚′ = 𝟎 𝒙 = → 𝒕𝒉𝒆 𝒂𝒃𝒔𝒄𝒊𝒔𝒔𝒂
𝟒
 𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑣𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑓𝑜𝑦 𝑦, = 4𝑥 − 3
3 2 3
𝑦 = 2( ) − 3( )
4 4 𝟑 𝟗
𝑽𝒆𝒓𝒕𝒆𝒙: ( , − )
9 9 𝟒 𝟖
𝑦= −
8 4
𝟗
𝒚 = − , 𝒕𝒉𝒆 𝒐𝒓𝒅𝒊𝒏𝒂𝒕𝒆
𝟖

𝑦 = 2𝑥 2 − 3𝑥

𝒕𝒂𝒏𝒈𝒆𝒏𝒕 𝒍𝒊𝒏𝒆, 𝒎 = 𝟎

2. Find the point on the graph defined by 𝑦 = −3𝑥 2 + 5𝑥 where the graph
has the highest point.
SOLUTION:
The highest or maximum point is the vertex of the parabola which opens
downward. At this point, the slope of the tangent line is 0. That is 𝑦 ′ = 0 at this
point.
𝑦 = −3𝑥 2 + 5𝑥 𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑛 0 = −6𝑥 + 5

𝑦 ′ = −3(2(𝑥)2−1 ) + 5(1(𝑥)1−1 ) −6𝑥 −5

=
−6 −6
𝑦 ′ = −6𝑥 + 5
𝟓
𝒚′ = 𝟎 𝒙= → 𝒕𝒉𝒆 𝒂𝒃𝒔𝒄𝒊𝒔𝒔𝒂
𝟔
 𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑣𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑓𝑜𝑦 𝑦, = −3𝑥 2 + 5𝑥
5 2 5
𝑦 = −3 ( ) + 3 ( )
6 6 𝟓 𝟐𝟓
𝑽𝒆𝒓𝒕𝒆𝒙: ( , )
25 5 𝟔 𝟏𝟐
𝑦=− +
12 2
𝟐𝟓
𝒚= , 𝒕𝒉𝒆 𝒐𝒓𝒅𝒊𝒏𝒂𝒕𝒆
𝟏𝟐

𝑦 = −3𝑥 2 + 5𝑥
𝒕𝒂𝒏𝒈𝒆𝒏𝒕 𝒍𝒊𝒏𝒆, 𝒎 = 𝟎

3. Find the slope and the equations of the tangent and normal lines to the
curve 𝑦 = 𝑥 3 + 2 𝑎𝑡 𝑥 = 1
SOLUTION:

𝑽𝒂𝒍𝒖𝒆 𝒇𝒐𝒓 𝒚, 𝑫𝒆𝒓𝒊𝒗𝒂𝒕𝒊𝒗𝒆 𝒐𝒇 𝒚 = 𝒙𝟑 + 𝟐 𝒕𝒐 𝒇𝒊𝒏𝒅 𝒕𝒉𝒆 𝒔𝒍𝒐𝒑𝒆 𝒐𝒇 𝒕𝒂𝒏𝒈𝒆𝒏𝒕 𝒍𝒊𝒏𝒆:

𝑦 = 𝑥3 + 2 𝑦 = 𝑥3 + 2 𝑚 = 3𝑥 2
𝑦 = (1)3 + 2 𝑦 = 3(1)3−1 + 0 𝑚 = 3(1)3
𝑦 =1+2 𝒚 = 𝟑𝒙𝟐 𝒎=𝟑
𝒚=𝟑
𝑬𝒒𝒖𝒂𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏 𝒇𝒐𝒓 𝒕𝒉𝒆 𝒕𝒂𝒏𝒈𝒆𝒏𝒕 𝒍𝒊𝒏𝒆: 𝑬𝒒𝒖𝒂𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏 𝒇𝒐𝒓 𝒕𝒉𝒆 𝒏𝒐𝒓𝒎𝒂𝒍 𝒍𝒊𝒏𝒆:
(𝑦 − 𝑦1 ) = 𝑚(𝑥 − 𝑥1 ) 1
𝑚=3 𝑚=−
3
(𝑦 − 3) = 3(𝑥 − 1)
𝑥1 = 1 𝑦1 = 3
𝑦 − 3 = 3𝑥 − 3
(𝑦 − 𝑦1 ) = 𝑚(𝑥 − 𝑥1 )
𝑦 = 3𝑥 − 𝑥 + 3 1
(𝑦 − 3) = − (𝑥 − 1)
𝐲 = 𝟑𝒙 3
−3𝑦 + 9 = 𝑥 − 1
−3𝑦 = 𝑥 − 1 − 9
−3𝑦 𝑥 10
= −
−3 −3 −3
𝒙 𝟏𝟎
𝒚=− +
𝟑 𝟑

𝒚 = 𝒙𝟑 + 𝟐

𝒏𝒐𝒓𝒎𝒂𝒍 𝒍𝒊𝒏𝒆,
𝒙 𝟏𝟎
𝒚=− +
𝟑 𝟑

𝒕𝒂𝒏𝒈𝒆𝒏𝒕 𝒍𝒊𝒏𝒆, 𝒚 = 𝟑𝒙